O' Keefe, Wm gmi

Cooney's boss at api, exxon lobbyistmoney launder Happer<div>=</div><div>API wm o'keefe tried to get bob ward fired?! royal society</div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">ref mma</div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">
</div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">A professor who was caught agreeing to hide the oil funding behind a climate denial research paper named Breitbart News as a media outlet that could "likely help" publicize the research, according to emails unearthed as part of an undercover investigation by Greenpeace. Indeed, Breitbart News <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2011/09/02/here-comes-the-sun-and-there-goes-anthropogenic-warmism-the-truth-about-global-warming/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">has</a> <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/06/03/american-physical-society-statement-on-climate-change-no-longer-incontrovertible-but-still-unacceptable/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">frequently</a> <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/london/2014/10/24/science-behind-man-made-global-warming-not-valid-says-weather-channel-founder/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">cited</a> Princeton Emeritus Professor William Happer to promote the supposed "benefits" of climate-warming carbon pollution and argue against a "<a href="http://www.breitbart.com/london/2015/01/22/10-unintended-consequences-of-the-jihad-against-co2/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">war on CO2</a>" --  including <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/12/04/carbon-dioxide-not-enemy/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">just days before</a> the Greenpeace investigation was released. And now that Greenpeace has exposed Happer's ethically dubious actions, Breitbart News is <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/12/08/patrick-moore-reports-enemy-state-greenpeace-fbi/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">defending</a> Happer's behavior as "morally and scientifically unimpeachable."On December 8, Greenpeace released the results of its <a href="http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">investigation</a>, in which Greenpeace UK reporters claiming to represent oil and coal companies asked two university professors to write industry-friendly research papers, and the professors agreed to do so without disclosing the fossil fuel funding behind them. According to Greenpeace, the investigation details "how fossil fuel companies can secretly pay academics at leading American universities to write research that sows doubt about climate science and promotes the companies' commercial interests." As part of its report about the investigation, titled "Exposed: Academics-for-hire agree not to disclose fossil fuel funding," Greenpeace released a series of emails between its undercover staffers and the two academics, William Happer and Penn State Emeritus Professor Frank Clemente. In an <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2642410/Email-Chain-Happer-O-Keefe-and-Donors-Trust.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">email exchange</a> in early November, a Greenpeace employee who was posing as an oil company consultant based in Beirut asked Happer if he could write a briefing paper "examin[ing] the benefits of fossil fuels to developing economies," and if there were any "US outlets or contacts you may have" that could help "get this research out far and wide." The Greenpeace employee also mentioned a London Times <a href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/article4589359.ece" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">column</a> praising carbon emissions by Matt Ridley, who Happer said was in "close touch" with a pro-carbon group called the CO2 Coalition that Happer helped organize. The Greenpeace employee then asked Happer if Ridley -- a Times columnist who also <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/your-complete-guide-to-the-climate-debate-1448656890" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">frequently</a> <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-green-scare-problem-1439506952" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">writes</a> <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/fossil-fuels-will-save-the-world-really-1426282420" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">op-eds</a> <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/matt-ridley-whatever-happened-to-global-warming-1409872855" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">published</a> <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303725404579460973643962840" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">by</a> The Wall Street Journal -- "would help to disseminate our research." Happer replied: "I am sure Matt Ridley will be interested in whatever you produce. The Breitbart news organization would also likely help, as would various blogs, syndicated columnists, etc."Given Breitbart News' past coverage of Happer, it should come as no surprise that he mentioned Breitbart when asked to name media outlets that would promote his industry-funded, climate-denying research. For instance:<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 5px;">A June 3, 2015 Breitbart <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/06/03/american-physical-society-statement-on-climate-change-no-longer-incontrovertible-but-still-unacceptable/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: bold !important;">article</a> touted a letter from Happer and two other physicists attacking the American Physical Society (APS) for a statement recognizing the reality of man-made climate change.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 5px;">A January 22, 2015 Breitbart <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/london/2015/01/22/10-unintended-consequences-of-the-jihad-against-co2/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: bold !important;">article</a> purporting to list off "Ten reasons why the war on CO2 has done far more harm than good" approvingly quoted Happer referring to "the jihad against atmospheric carbon dioxide."</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 5px;">An October 24, 2014 Breitbart <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/london/2014/10/24/science-behind-man-made-global-warming-not-valid-says-weather-channel-founder/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">article</a> quoted "climate expert" Happer as saying: "No chemical compound in the atmosphere has a worse reputation than CO2, thanks to the single-minded demonisation of this natural and essential atmospheric gas by advocates of government control and energy production. The incredible list of supposed horrors that increasing carbon dioxide will bring the world is pure belief disguised as science."</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 5px;">A September 2, 2011 Breitbart <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2011/09/02/here-comes-the-sun-and-there-goes-anthropogenic-warmism-the-truth-about-global-warming/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: bold !important;">article</a> quoted Happer as follows: "Disagreeing with [the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] is like going to Saudi Arabia and criticizing Muhammad."</li></ul>On December 4, several weeks after Happer mentioned Breitbart News in his email to Greenpeace (and just days before Greenpeace released the results of its investigation), Breitbart News published yet another article touting Happer, this one titled "<a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/12/04/carbon-dioxide-not-enemy/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">Carbon Dioxide Is Not Our Enemy</a>." In it, Breitbart's John Hayward wrote a highly sympathetic profile of Happer's climate science denial, asserting that a white paper Happer co-authored was "meant to be a conversation-starter" and took "a non-confrontational approach with copious footnotes and supporting sources, inviting readers to perform their own research and gain a fuller understanding of CO2 and its benefits." Hayward also stated that Happer "lamented the vicious treatment given to scientists who showed even modest skepticism toward the link between CO2 and climate change."After Greenpeace released its investigation, Breitbart News' James Delingpole rushed to Happer's defense with a December 8 <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/12/08/patrick-moore-reports-enemy-state-greenpeace-fbi/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">article</a>, in which he wrote: "What's clear is that [at] every stage Happer's behaviour was morally and scientifically unimpeachable." Delingpole alleged that Happer was not at fault because he made clear he "would only say in his paper what he believed anyway" and indicated that he did not "wish to benefit personally from the fee, but preferred that the money should go to a tax-exempt educational charity, which pays only his travel expenses."It's true that Happer has <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2014/07/15/cnbcs-climate-expert-demonization-of-carbon-dio/200107" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">a long track record</a> of <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2013/06/18/report-cnbcs-climate-denial-is-bad-for-business/194483" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">advocating</a> for the purported "benefits" of carbon pollution, and it's also true that he <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2642410/Email-Chain-Happer-O-Keefe-and-Donors-Trust.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">requested</a> in his emails to the undercover Greenpeace employee that "whatever fee would have come to me would go directly to the CO2 Coalition" -- the group Happer helped organized <a href="http://co2coalition.org/about/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">earlier this year</a>. But Delingpole tellingly did not provide Happer's answer to two other questions Delingpole noted that Greenpeace had raised:  "Would the CO2 Coalition be happy to take a direct donation on condition the donor remained anonymous?" and  "Might Happer be able to get his paper peer-reviewed by sympathetic authors?"This is where Happer's conduct is far from "unimpeachable," as Breitbart News claimed.The Greenpeace staffer posing as a representative of the Middle Eastern oil company told Happer <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2642410/Email-Chain-Happer-O-Keefe-and-Donors-Trust.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">over email</a> that "we are happy to make a direct donation to the CO2 Coalition, providing it is anonymous," and asked Happer whether "the CO2 Coalition voluntarily discloses its funders." Happer replied that he believed the CO2 Coalition isn't "required to make public any donors, although it is required to disclose them to the Internal Revenue Service." He also forwarded the question to <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2015/03/08/how-the-merchants-of-doubt-push-climate-denial/202792" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">William O'Keefe</a>, another member of the <a href="http://co2coalition.org/about/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">Board of Directors</a> of the CO2 Coalition and former Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the <a href="http://www.politico.com/arena/bio/william_o%E2%80%99keefe.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">American Petroleum Institute</a>. O'Keefe replied by suggesting that the oil company funnel the funds through the Donors Trust, which has been <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/02/donors-trust-donor-capital-fund-dark-money-koch-bradley-devos" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">dubbed</a> the "dark-money ATM" of the conservative movement:<blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 25px 30px 10px; margin: 20px 20px 25px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0px 6px 0px -4px; clear: both; float: left; width: 612.75px;">We are under no obligation to identify donors, except to the IRS but I think that is just organizations. When people ask the IRS or a firms 990 [sic], the donor list is redacted. If the person participates in the Donors Trust, he/she can make the donation through that and have complete confidentiality.</blockquote>Happer then forwarded O'Keefe's response to the undercover Greenpeace employee. As Greenpeace <a href="http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">noted</a>, in his emails "Happer also disclosed that [coal giant] Peabody Energy paid $8,000 in return for his testimony in a crucial Minnesota state hearing on the impacts of carbon dioxide. This fee was also paid to the CO2 Coalition."The exchange between Happer and the undercover Greenpeace staffer exemplifies how the fossil fuel industry's funding of shoddy science can be hidden from public view, and how this strategy can apply not just to the research papers themselves <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2015/06/26/national-black-chamber-of-commerce-joins-oil-in/204153" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">but</a> <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2015/03/25/the-koch-brothers-campaign-against-epa-climate/203041" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">also</a> to <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2015/04/13/a-web-of-climate-deception-the-beacon-hill-inst/203263" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">op-eds</a> and other media coverage about them. Indeed, the other university professor that Greenpeace approached, Penn State's Frank Clemente, listed <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2642398/Email-Chain-Frank-Clemente.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">over email</a> a series of op-eds he had written that had been published in newspapers across the United States, and then observed: "Note that in none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar."The other serious issue raised in Happer's emails relates to peer review, the process by which scholarly work is checked by a group of experts in the same field prior to publication. As Greenpeace <a href="http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">documented</a>, in his emails Happer "laid out details of an unofficial peer review process run by the Global Warming Policy Foundation, a UK climate sceptic think tank, and said he could ask to put an oil-funded report through a similar review process, after admitting that it would struggle to be published in an academic journal." Specifically, Happer <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2642410/Email-Chain-Happer-O-Keefe-and-Donors-Trust.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">wrote</a> that if he submitted the research paper to a peer-reviewed journal, it might "no longer make the case that CO2 is a benefit, not a pollutant, as strongly as I would like, and presumably as strongly your client would also like." Instead, Happer proposed a review process that would not be anonymous and would be conducted by the climate-denying <a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">Global Warming Policy Foundation</a>, writing that although "purists might object that the process did not qualify as a peer review ... I think it would be fine to call it a peer review."The Global Warming Policy Foundation recently conducted a similar review of another <a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/content/uploads/2015/10/benefits1.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">pro-carbon pollution paper</a>, with Ridley -- who used to be a <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2012/10/29/meet-the-wall-street-journal-columnist-dismissi/190989http:/thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/09/10/3565758/matt-ridley-error-riddled-wall-street-journal/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">regular</a> <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2012/10/29/meet-the-wall-street-journal-columnist-dismissi/190989http:/thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/09/10/3565758/matt-ridley-error-riddled-wall-street-journal/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">columnist</a> for The Wall Street Journal -- <a href="http://www.desmog.uk/2015/12/11/matt-ridley-caught-dollars-denial-scandal" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">deceptively alleging</a> in the <a href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/article4589359.ece" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">London Times</a> that the paper had been "thoroughly peer reviewed."</div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"></div>=<a href="http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/">http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/</a>sting: GP
<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">A Greenpeace undercover investigation has exposed how fossil fuel companies can secretly pay academics at leading American universities to write research that sows doubt about climate science and promotes the companies’ commercial interests.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Posing as representatives of oil and coal companies, reporters from Greenpeace UK asked academics from Princeton and Penn State to write papers promoting the benefits of CO2 and the use of coal in developing countries.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The professors agreed to write the reports and said they did not need to disclose the source of the funding.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Citing industry-funded documents – including testimony to state hearings and newspaper articles – Professor Frank Clemente of Penn State said: “In none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Leading climate-sceptic academic, Professor William Happer, agreed to write a report for a Middle Eastern oil company on the benefits of CO2 and to allow the firm to keep the source of the funding secret.  <p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Happer is due to appear this afternoon as a star witness in Senate hearings called by Republican Presidential candidate Ted Cruz.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">In emails to reporters he also revealed Peabody Energy paid thousands of dollars for him to testify at a separate state hearing, with the money being paid to a climate-sceptic think tank.<div class="picshare-wrapper alignright size-full wp-image-7739" open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; float: right; margin-left: 24px; position: relative; max-width: 100%;"><div class="picshare-box" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; z-index: 1; height: 45px; text-align: center; line-height: 45px; max-width: 100%; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.298);"><a title="Share on Twitter" class="picshare-btn picshare-twitter-btn" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Exposed%3A%20Academics-for-hire%20agree%E2%80%A6%20http%3A%2F%2Fpic.twitter.com%2FvjkiPRrjzv%20http%3A%2F%2Fenergydesk.greenpeace.org%2F2015%2F12%2F08%2Fexposed-academics-for-hire%2F&via=energydesk" style="box-sizing: border-box; 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</a></div><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2642398-Email-Chain-Frank-Clemente.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">Read the emails with Professor Frank Clemente</a><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2642410-Email-Chain-Happer-O-Keefe-and-Donors-Trust.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">Read the emails with Professor Happer and the Donors Trust</a><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The investigation also found:<ul open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">US coal giant Peabody Energy also paid tens of thousands of dollars to an academic who produced coal-friendly research and provided testimony at state and federal climate hearings, the amount of which was never revealed.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Donors Trust, an organisation that has been described as the “<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/02/donors-trust-donor-capital-fund-dark-money-koch-bradley-devos" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">dark money ATM”</a> of the US conservative movement, confirmed in a taped conversation with an undercover reporter that it could anonymously channel money from a fictional Middle Eastern oil and gas company to US climate sceptic organisations.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Princeton professor William Happer laid out details of an unofficial peer review process run by the Global Warming Policy Foundation, a UK climate sceptic think tank, and said he could ask to put an oil-funded report through a similar review process, after admitting that it would struggle to be published in an academic journal.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">A recent report by the GWPF that had been through the same unofficial peer review process, was promoted as “thoroughly peer-reviewed” by influential columnistMatt Ridley -<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> a senior figure</a> in the organisation.</li></ul><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The findings echo the case of Willie Soon, who was the subject of an investigation published in the  <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/us/ties-to-corporate-cash-for-climate-change-researcher-Wei-Hock-Soon.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">New York Times</a> earlier this year. The investigation revealed that Soon had accepted donations from fossil fuel companies and anonymous donors in return for producing climate-sceptic scientific papers. He described his studies as “deliverables” and failed to declare who paid for the research.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The revelations also follow a series of reports showing fossil fuel companies burying the truth about climate change, while <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/18/1509433112.abstract" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">funding flawed research</a> to cast doubt on the scientific consensus.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Academics for hire<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Reporters approached the academics claiming to be representatives of unnamed fossil fuel companies – one, a Middle Eastern oil and gas exploration company, the other a coal mining firm based in Indonesia – looking to commission “independent” research.<blockquote open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 12px 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“In none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.” – Professor Frank Clemente</blockquote><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The individuals approached have previously been linked to fossil fuel companies or climate sceptic organisations that have received fossil fuel funding.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Frank Clemente, a sociologist from Penn State university, was asked if he could produce a report “to counter damaging research linking coal to premature deaths (in particular the World Health Organization’s figure that 3.7 million people die per year from fossil fuel pollution)”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">He said that this was within his skill set; that he could be quoted using his university job title; and that it would cost around $15,000 for an 8–10 page paper. He also explained that he charged $6,000 for writing a newspaper op-ed.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When asked whether he would need to declare where the money came from, Professor Clementesaid: “There is no requirement to declare source funding in the US.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Clemente is a favourite of the coal industry and particularly Peabody Energy, which<a href="https://www.advancedenergyforlife.com/search/node/frank%20clemente" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> regularly uses his research</a> as evidence of the need for an expansion of coal power in developing countries.<div id="attachment_7736" class="wp-caption alignright" open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" width="width" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; 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</a></div></div><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;"><a title="Share on Facebook" class="picshare-btn picshare-facebook-btn" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fenergydesk.greenpeace.org%2F2015%2F12%2F08%2Fexposed-academics-for-hire%2F%3Fpicshare%3D7736" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; float: left; display: block; width: 45px; height: 45px;">In the exchange Clemente disclosed that for another report on “the Global Value of Coal” he was paid $50,000 by Peabody Energy – the sponsorship was mentioned in the small print of the paper, but the amount has not been disclosed until now.</a><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;"><a title="Share on Facebook" class="picshare-btn picshare-facebook-btn" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fenergydesk.greenpeace.org%2F2015%2F12%2F08%2Fexposed-academics-for-hire%2F%3Fpicshare%3D7736" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; float: left; display: block; width: 45px; height: 45px;">Following the report Clemente produced an</a><a href="http://www.gazettextra.com/20150319/con_protesters_oppose_energies_that_make_life_cleaner_and_better_for_all%20/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> op-ed</a> arguing against the coal divestment movement in universities, which was picked up by over 50 newspapers across the US. But as Clemente told undercover reporters: “In none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Clemente failed to respond to requests for comment.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Investigators also approached Professor William Happer of Princeton University, who is chairman of the climate sceptic<a href="http://marshall.org/people/william-happer/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> George Marshall Institute</a> and a former Director of Energy Research at the<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116185525/http:/globalwarming.house.gov/files/HRG/052010SciencePolicy/happer.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> US Department of Energy</a> under the first President Bush where he “<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20150909001347/http:/scienceandpublicpolicy.org/reprint/happer_senate_testimony.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">supervised</a> all of DOE’s work on climate change”.   <p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Happer, who is a physicist rather than a climatologist, told Greenpeace reporters that he would be willing to produce research promoting the benefits of carbon dioxide for $250 per hour. He asked that the money be paid to climate sceptic campaign group, the CO2 Coalition, of which he is a board member.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Happer described his work on carbon dioxide as a “labor of love” and said that while other pollutants produced by burning fossil fuels are a problem, in his opinion “More CO2 will benefit the world”, adding “The only way to limit CO2 would be to stop using fossil fuels, which I think would be a profoundly immoral and irrational policy.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When reporters asked if it would be possible for the fossil fuel client’s role in commissioning the research to remain hidden, in order to give the work more credibility, Happer replied that: “If I write the paper alone, I don’t think there would be any problem stating that ‘the author received no financial compensation for this essay.’”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Happer also disclosed that Peabody Energy paid $8,000 in return for his testimony in a<a href="https://www.edockets.state.mn.us/EFiling/edockets/searchDocuments.do?method=showPoup&documentId=%7B68777D48-7ABE-4C61-B62B-8FC998FE9C2D%7D&documentTitle=20158-113608-01" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> crucialMinnesota state hearing</a> on the impacts of carbon dioxide. This fee was also paid to the CO2 Coalition.<blockquote open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 12px 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“I am trying get [sic] another mysterious client to donate funds to the CO2 Coalition instead of compensating me for my writing something for them.” – Professor Happer</blockquote><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The academics’ willingness to conceal the source of funding contrasts strongly with the ethics of journals such as Science, which states in its<a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/contribinfo/prep/gen_info.xhtml#funding" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> submission requirements</a> that research “should be accompanied by clear disclosures from all authors of their affiliations, funding sources, or financial holdings that might raise questions about possible sources of bias”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Late last month Happer appeared at a<a href="http://www.climatedepot.com/2015/11/19/scientists-declare-un-climate-summit-goals-irrational-based-on-nonsense-leading-us-down-a-false-path/#ixzz3sbk3JZT0" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> climate sceptic summit</a> in Texas. There he defended CO2 production saying: “Our breath is not that different from a power plant.” He went on to say, “If plants could vote, they would vote for coal”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Hiding the money trail<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The investigation has also revealed a system by which oil and gas companies can anonymously fund US climate-sceptic scientists and organisations.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When asked to ensure that the commissioning of the report could not be traced back to the Middle East oil and gas company, Professor Happer contacted his fellow CO2 Coalition board member, Bill O’Keefe, explaining: “I am trying get [sic] another mysterious client to donate funds to the CO2 Coalition instead of compensating me for my writing something for them.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">O’Keefe, a former<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060127035836/http:/clerk.house.gov/pd/houseID.html?reg_id=34946" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> Exxon lobbyist</a>, suggested channelling it through the Donors Trust, a controversial organisation that has previously been called the<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/09/secretive-donors-gave-us-climate-denial-groups-125m-over-three-years" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> “Dark Money ATM”</a> of the US conservative movement.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The organisation has a long history of channelling <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/09/secretive-donors-gave-us-climate-denial-groups-125m-over-three-years" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">funding to US climate sceptics</a>, including controversial professor Willie Soon, and some of the most influential organisations in the US conservative movement, including Americans for Prosperity, the Heartland Institute and the American Enterprise Institute.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When investigators asked Peter Lipsett of the Donors Trust if the Trust would accept money from an oil and gas company based in the Middle East, he said that, although the Trust would need the cash to come from a US bank account, “we can take it from a foreign body, it’s just we have to be extra cautious with that.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">He added that: “I’ll double check everything and make sure I’m wording things  correctly after chatting with our CFO [Chief Financial Officer], but what he’s told me before is that the preference is to have it in US dollars, and the ideal preference is to have it originate from a US source, but the US dollars is the important bit”.[sound file]Peter Lipsett is<a href="http://www.donorstrust.org/who-we-are/directors-staff/" open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" color="color" rgb="rgb" text-decoration="text-decoration" none="none"> director of growth strategies</a> at the Donors Trust and has worked in a senior position for Charles Koch, and before that Koch Industries for almost a decade. When contacted for on the record comment, Mr Lipsett said:<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“We only accept donations in U.S. currency and drawn from U.S. banks. Donors Trust has never accepted secret donations from foreign donors. We have supported over 1,500 organizations representing the arts, medicine and science, public policy, education, religion, and civics. We are no more a “middle man” between donors and their causes than any other community or commercial donor-advised fund sponsoring organization”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Mr O’Keefe said: “As a matter of personal policy, I do not respond to requests such as yours.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Peer review<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">As well as exposing how fossil fuel companies are able to anonymously commission scientific research, Greenpeace can reveal details of a so-called “peer review” process being operated by the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF), a UK climate sceptic think tank.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Sense About Science, a UK charitable trust, <a href="http://www.senseaboutscience.org/data/files/resources/17/peerReview.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">describes peer review</a> as the process by which “scientists submit their research findings to a journal, which sends them out to be assessed for competence, significance and originality, by independent qualified experts who are researching and publishing work in the same field (peers).” The process usually involves varying degrees of anonymity.<blockquote open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 12px 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“I would be glad to ask for a similar review for the first drafts of anything I write for your client. Unless we decide to submit the piece to a regular journal, with all the complications of delay, possibly quixotic editors and reviewers that is the best we can do, and I think it would be fine to call it a peer review.” – Professor Happer</blockquote><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Happer, who sits on the GWPF’s<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> Academic Advisory Council</a>, was asked by undercover reporters if he could put the industry funded report through the same peer review process as previous GWPF reports they claimed to have been “thoroughly peer reviewed”. Happer explained that this process had <a href="http://bishophill.squarespace.com/blog/2012/9/9/david-henderson-on-gwpf-reports.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">consisted of</a> members of the Advisory Council and other selected scientists reviewing the work, rather than presenting it to an academic journal.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">He added: “I would be glad to ask for a similar review for the first drafts of anything I write for your client. Unless we decide to submit the piece to a regular journal, with all the complications of delay, possibly quixotic editors and reviewers that is the best we can do, and I think it would be fine to call it a peer review.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">GWPF’s “peer review” process was used for a recent GWPF report on the benefits of carbon dioxide. According to Dr Indur Goklany, the author of the report, he was initially encouraged to write it by the journalist Matt Ridley, who is also a GWPF academic advisor. That report was then promoted by Ridley, who claimed in his Times column that the paper had been<a href="http://www.rationaloptimist.com/blog/the-benefits-of-carbon-dioxide/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> “thoroughly peer reviewed”.</a><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Sense About Science, which lists Ridley as a member of its Advisory Council, has <a href="http://www.senseaboutscience.org/data/files/resources/17/peerReview.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">warned against</a> such review processes, saying: “sometimes organisations or individuals claim to have put their studies through peer review when, on inspection, they have only shown it to some colleagues. Such claims are usually made in the context of a campaign directed at the public or policy makers, as a way of trying to give scientific credibility to certain claims in the hope that a non-scientific audience will not know the difference.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The organisation also says that: “reporters or advocates citing these sources as peer reviewed would show themselves to be biased or uninformed”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Happer claimed that the review of the paper was “more rigorous than the peer review for most journals”.  But he also told undercover reporters that he believed most members of the Academic Advisory Council had been too busy to comment on the paper:<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“I know that the entire scientific advisory board of the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF) was asked to submit comments on the first draft.  I am also sure that most were too busy to respond,” he said.  <p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Happer also noted that submitting a report on the benefits of carbon dioxide to a peer-reviewed scientific journal would be problematic.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“That might greatly delay publication and might require such major changes in response to referees and the journal editor that the article would no longer make the case that CO2 is a benefit, not a pollutant, as strongly as I would like, and presumably as strongly [as] your client would also like,” he said.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When asked about the review process behind Dr Goklany’s report, GWPF explained that the report had gone for review to other chosen scientists beyond just those in their Advisory Council and that: “the quality of Dr Goklany’s report is self-evident to any open-minded reader.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Peabody Energy<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The investigation raises further questions for coal giant Peabody Energy, which earlier this year was <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/12/peabody-strikes-deal-with-new-york-attorney-general-over-climate-risk-filings" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">investigated by New York attorney general</a> Eric Schneiderman over accusations that they <a href="http://www.ag.ny.gov/press-release/ag-schneiderman-secures-unprecedented-agreement-peabody-energy-end-misleading" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">violated New York laws</a> prohibiting false and misleading conduct, in relation to misleading statements on the risks it could face from tightening climate change laws. Peabody have now agreed to change the way it reports the risks posed to investors by climate change.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professors Clemente and Happer were both employed by Peabody to provide testimony favourable to the company in state and governmental hearings. The company paid $8,000 for Professor Happer to make the case on the social costs of carbon.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Other prominent climate sceptics who provided testimony in the Minnesota hearing on behalf of Peabody<a href="https://www.edockets.state.mn.us/EFiling/edockets/searchDocuments.do?method=showPoup&documentId=%7B68777D48-7ABE-4C61-B62B-8FC998FE9C2D%7D&documentTitle=20158-113608-01" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> included</a>: Roy Spencer who told Greenpeace he was paid $4,000 by Peabody; <a href="https://www.edockets.state.mn.us/EFiling/edockets/searchDocuments.do?method=showPoup&documentId=%7BA39ADC16-205E-44D3-B080-BC19501F3247%7D&documentTitle=20158-113190-07" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">Richard Tol</a>who said he was not paid and Richard Lindzen and Robert Mendelsohn who failed to reply to questions. Tol, Lindzen and Mendelsohn are all members of the GWPF Academic Advisory Council.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Both Penn State and Princeton University declined to comment.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The GWPF said: “Professor Happer made his scientific views clear from the outset, including the need to address pollution problems arising from fossil fuel consumption. Any insinuation against his integrity as a scientist is outrageous and is clearly refuted by the correspondence.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“Nor did Professor Happer offer to put a report “commissioned by a fossil fuel company” through the GWPF peer review process. This is a sheer fabrication by Greenpeace.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“The cack-handed attempt by Greenpeace to manufacture a scandal around Dr Goklany’s report, and to smear Professor Happer’s reputation, only points to the need for the Global Warming Policy Foundation to redouble its efforts to bring balanced, rigorous and apolitical research on climate and energy policyissues to the public’s attention, as counter to the misleading noise and activist rhetoric from groups like Greenpeace.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Journalist and GWPF Academic Advisor, Matt Ridley, did not respond to requests for comment.= <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/exposed-academics-hire-agree-not-disclose-fossil-fuel-funding-20151208">http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/exposed-academics-hire-agree-not-disclose-fossil-fuel-funding-20151208</a><h1 class="page-title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EXPOSED: ACADEMICS-FOR-HIRE AGREE NOT TO DISCLOSE FOSSIL FUEL FUNDING</h1><div id="heading-after" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20.995px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="block-block-67" class="block block-block " style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="addthis_sharing_toolbox" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="node-373824" class="node node-press_release clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20.995px;"><div class="meta" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Last edited 8 December 2015 at 2:39pm</div><div class="content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-subtitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.29em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.77; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h2 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1em;">Leading climate sceptic who agreed to suggestion of secret Middle East oil cash is set to speak at Ted Cruz Senate hearing today</h2></div><div class="field field-date-published" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">8 December, 2015</div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</div></div></div><div class="field field-intro" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5385em; padding: 0px 0px 0.307em; background-image: url(" sites="sites" default="default" themes="themes" gpuk="gpuk" images="images" dots-horizontal.png="dots-horizontal.png" background-attachment="background-attachment" initial="initial" background-size="background-size" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" repeat-x="repeat-x"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A Greenpeace undercover investigation has exposed how fossil fuel companies can secretly pay academics at leading American universities to write research that sows doubt about climate science and promotes the companies’ commercial interests.</div></div></div><div class="field field-body" style="margin: 1.154em 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Posing as representatives of oil and coal companies, reporters from Greenpeace UK asked academics from Princeton and Penn State to write papers promoting the benefits of CO2 and the use of coal in developing countries.The Professors agreed to write the reports and said they did not need to disclose the source of the funding.Citing industry-funded documents - including testimony to state hearings and newspaper articles - Professor Frank Clemente of Penn State said: “In none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.”The leading climate-sceptic academic, Professor William Happer, agreed to write a report for a Middle Eastern oil company and to allow the firm to keep the source of the funding secret. Happer is due to appear this afternoon as a star witness in <a href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/cruz-hearing-to-take-aim-at-climate-science/article/2577833" style="text-decoration: none;">US Senate hearings</a> called by Republican Presidential candidate Ted Cruz.In emails to reporters he also revealed Peabody energy paid thousands of dollars for him to testify at a separate state hearing, with the money going to a climate-sceptic think-tank.The investigation also found:<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.154em 18px; padding: 0px 3em 0px 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;">US coal giant Peabody Energy paid tens of thousands of dollars to an academic who produced coal-friendly research and provided testimony at state and federal climate hearings, the amount of which was never revealed.</li></ul> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.154em 18px; padding: 0px 3em 0px 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;">The Donors Trust, an organisation that has been described as the “<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/02/donors-trust-donor-capital-fund-dark-money-koch-bradley-devos" style="text-decoration: none;">dark money ATM”</a> of the US conservative movement, confirmed in a taped conversation with an undercover reporter that it could anonymously channel money from a Middle Eastern oil and gas company to US climate sceptic organisations.</li></ul> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.154em 18px; padding: 0px 3em 0px 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;">Princeton professor William Happer laid out details of an unofficial peer review process run by the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF), a UK climate sceptic think tank, and said he could ask to put an oil funded report through a similar review process after admitting that it would struggle to be published in an academic journal.</li></ul> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.154em 18px; padding: 0px 3em 0px 0px;"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;">A recent report by the GWPF that had been through the same unofficial review process, was promoted as “thoroughly peer-reviewed” by influential columnist Matt Ridley -<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="text-decoration: none;"> a senior figure</a> in the organisation.</li></ul>The full story and all the documents have been published on<a href="http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/</a>The findings echo the case of Willie Soon, a prominent academic exposed in a <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/us/ties-to-corporate-cash-for-climate-change-researcher-Wei-Hock-Soon.html" style="text-decoration: none;">New York Times investigation</a> as having accepted donations from fossil fuel companies and anonymous donors in return for producing climate-sceptic scientific papers.Reporters approached the academics claiming to be representatives of unnamed fossil fuel companies looking to commission ‘independent’ research.Professor Frank Clemente, a sociologist from Penn State university, was asked if he could produce a report “to counter damaging research linking coal to premature deaths (in particular the WHO’s figure that 3.7 million people die per year from fossil fuel pollution)”. He said that this was within his skill set; that he could be quoted using his university job title; and that it would cost around $15,000 for an 8-10 page paperAsked whether he would need to declare the source of the money, Professor Clemente said: “There is no requirement to declare source funding in the US.” He then shared examples of a testimony and an op-ed, explaining: “Note that in none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.”Clemente also disclosed that for another report on “the Global Value of Coal” he was paid $50,000 by Peabody Energy - the sponsorship was mentioned in the small print of the paper, but the amount has not been disclosed until now.The academics’ willingness to conceal the source of funding contrasts strongly with the ethics of journals such as Science, which states in its <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/contribinfo/prep/gen_info.xhtml#funding" style="text-decoration: none;">submission requirements</a> that research “should be accompanied by clear disclosures from all authors of their affiliations, funding sources, or financial holdings that might raise questions about possible sources of bias”The investigation has also revealed a system by which foreign oil and gas companies can anonymously fund US climate-sceptic scientists and organisations.When asked to ensure that the commissioning of the report could not be traced back to the Middle East oil and gas company, Professor Happer contacted his fellow CO2 Coalition board member, Bill O’Keefe, a former <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060127035836/http:/clerk.house.gov/pd/houseID.html?reg_id=34946" style="text-decoration: none;">Exxon lobbyist</a>. He suggested channelling it through the Donors Trust, a controversial organisation that has previously been called the<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/09/secretive-donors-gave-us-climate-denial-groups-125m-over-three-years" style="text-decoration: none;"> “Dark Money ATM”</a> of the US conservative movement.When investigators asked Peter Lipsett of the Donors Trust, if the Trust would accept money from an oil and gas company based in the Middle East, he replied that, although the Trust would like the cash to come from a US bank account, “we can take it from a foreign body, just we have to be extra cautious with that.”Professor Happer, who sits on the GWPF’s<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="text-decoration: none;"> Academic Advisory Council</a>, was also asked by undercover reporters if he could put the industry-funded report through the same peer review process as previous GWPF reports claimed to have been “thoroughly peer reviewed”. Happer explained that this process had <a href="http://bishophill.squarespace.com/blog/2012/9/9/david-henderson-on-gwpf-reports.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">consisted of</a> members of the Advisory Council and other selected scientists reviewing the work, rather than presenting it to an academic journal.
He added: “I would be glad to ask for a similar review for the first drafts of anything I write for your client. Unless we decide to submit the piece to a regular journal, with all the complications of delay, possibly quixotic editors and reviewers that is the best we can do, and I think it would be fine to call it a peer review.GWPF’s “peer review” process was used for a recent GWPF report on the benefits of carbon dioxide. According to Dr Indur Goklany, the author of the report, he was initially encouraged to write it by the journalist Matt Ridley, who <a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="text-decoration: none;">is</a> also a GWPF academic advisor. That report was then promoted by Ridley, who claimed in his Times column that the paper had been <a href="http://www.rationaloptimist.com/blog/the-benefits-of-carbon-dioxide/" style="text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“thoroughly peer reviewed”.</a>Commenting on the investigation, Greenpeace UK executive director John Sauven said:“This investigation exposes a network of academics-for-hire and a back channel that lets fossil fuel companies secretly influence the climate debate while keeping their fingerprints off. Our research reveals that professors at prestigious universities can be sponsored by foreign fossil fuel companies to write reports that sow doubt about climate change, and that those professors will keep that funding secret from the public. The question now is very simple. Down the years, how many scientific reports that sowed public doubt on climate change were actually funded by oil, coal and gas companies? This investigation shows how they do it, now we need to know when and where they did it. It’s time for the sceptics to come clean.”He added:“Lord Lawson’s Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF) has serious questions to answer. Does it condone a member of its academic council agreeing to be secretly sponsored to write a report by a group purporting to be from a Middle Eastern oil company? Have reports by senior figures in Lawson’s foundation been secretly paid for by the fossil fuel industry? Would they have agreed to Professor Happer’s suggestion that the ‘oil-funded’ report be put through a 'similar review' process to the GWPF's own ‘peer-review’ process? Does it accept that the foundation’s so-called ‘peer review’ process is flawed, given Professor Happer’s revelations about how it operated on an earlier report? And does the foundation stand by its academic advisor, Viscount Ridley, who described that earlier report as ‘thoroughly peer-reviewed’?”ENDS</div></div></div></div><div class="node-links" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="goodlinks taxonomy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="taxonomy-wrapper clearfix" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.923em; padding: 0px;">Article tagged as:<a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/tags/climate-deniers" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Climate Deniers</a>, <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/tags/climate-skeptics" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Climate Skeptics</a>, <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/tags/investigation" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Investigation</a>, <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/taxonomy/term/1922" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Republican Party</a>, <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/tags/ted-cruz" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Ted Cruz</a>

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=n this DeSmog UK epic history post, the battle continues between Bob Ward – working at the Royal Society at the time – and ExxonMobil’s army of climate deniers.<a href="https://twitter.com/ret_ward" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Bob Ward</a>, the then head of media at the <a href="https://royalsociety.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Royal Society</a>, was shocked when members of Koch-funded public policy organisation the <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/competitive-enterprise-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a> (CEI) heckled professor David King, the government’s chief scientific, during a visit to the United States in 2006.Ward began to wonder if there had been an upsurge in attacks by deniers on science during the previous months, and soon found himself going head-to-head with the world’s most powerful company on the issue of climate change.“I was trying to evaluate to what extent ExxonMobil might be controlling that activity,” he told me. “I prepared an internal memo about ExxonMobil and what they were publishing in the UK.”ExxonMobil CallingThis communique was leaked to the Guardian, which published the story. “I got a phone call from ExxonMobil, from their PRteam in the UK, and they wanted to come and see me… during the course of the conversation he ventured the fact that they were planning to stop funding a number of these sorts of think tank campaign groups.”Ward was delighted with the meeting and believed that Exxon was about to take steps to end its funding of climate sceptic think tanks.But, in August 2005, the oil company sent him its 2005 Corporate Citizenship Report which “had almost verbatim exactly the same uncertainty statements about climate change.”Ward wrote immediately to Nick Thomas, ExxonMobil’s UK corporate affairs director, and said it was “very disappointing” that the report “leaves readers with such an inaccurate and misleading impression of the evidence on the causes of climate change.”This time, Ward gave the letter directly to the Guardian, which duly followed up its earlier story on 20 September 2006. ExxonMobil’s response was surprising.Concerted CampaignThere followed a concerted and multi-pronged campaign to effectively bully the Royal Society out of entering the debate over the truth of climate science.The oil company issued a press release which stated: “ExxonMobil gives financial support to organizations which research significant policy issues and promote informed discussion on issues of direct relevance to the company.“These organizations do not speak on our behalf, nor do we control their views and messages. Our financial support for such organizations is publicly posted on our website. We review funding of these organizations on an annual basis. As we are currently in that review process, it would be premature for us to discuss funding decisions for any particular organization.”<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_O%27Keefe" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">William O’Keefe</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Petroleum_Institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">American Petroleum Institute</a> (API) lobbyist, dashed out a letter the day after the Guardian story appeared and signed off as CEO of the climate sceptic <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/george-c-marshall-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Marshall Institute</a>.GroupthinkThe missive to the Royal Society accused Ward of “advocating censorship” and referring to George Orwell’s phrase ‘groupthink’ to suggest that the Royal Society was engaged in a Stalinist suppression of honest debate.“The censorship of voices that challenge and provoke is antithetical to liberty and contrary to the traditions and values of free societies,” O’Keefe wrote without irony. “That such a call comes from such a venerable scientific society is disturbing and should raise concerns worldwide about the intentions of those seeking to silence honest debate and discussion of our most challenging environmental issue – climate change… You are attempting to stifle that debate and that is dangerous.”This line of attack was spontaneously adopted by Dominic Lawson, Nigel Lawson’s son and heir, in the lefty Independent, where he asserted that “the debate on climate change is far too important to be shut down by scientists.”One Step FurtherThe oil giant appears to have then gone a significant step further to protect its reputation from attack.“I then went on holiday to the US for a couple of weeks to see my parents, so I was away in Oregon,” Ward recalls.“I got a phone call from Chris Huhne, who was at that time the Lib Dem environment spokesman, and he said, ‘I’ve been phoned by ExxonMobil who implied that you’ve been sacked by the Royal Society because of the letter’. I was kind of shocked that they’d try and resort to such a clumsy tactic.”In response, Ward wrote to Ken Cohen, the vice president for public affairs at ExxonMobil in Texas, demanding an explanation and “to seek your assurance that your organisation will not attempt to propagate damaging rumours about me”.        And, in Britain, Huhne raised his concerns in the House of Commons and asked the MPs: “Should we be buying fuel from people such as ExxonMobil? I do not want even indirectly to be helping to fund bodies such as the International Policy Network and the Competitive Enterprise Institute. I don’t think the government should either.”Up next on the DeSmog UK epic history, we follow calls made by the original American oil barons – the Rockefellers – for ExxonMobil to stop funding climate denial.BS energycentral 2005William O'Keefe is the Chief Executive Officer of the George Marshall Institute. O’Keefe is also President of Solutions Consulting, Inc. He has also served as Senior Vice President of Jellinek, Schwartz and Conolly, Inc., Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the American Petroleum Institute and Chief Administrative Officer of the Center for Naval Analyses. Mr. O’Keefe has held positions on the Board of Directors of the Kennedy Institute, the U.S. Energy Association and the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is Chairman Emeritus of the Global Climate Coalition.The George Marshall Institute (GMI) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 1984. Their mission is to encourage the use of sound science in making public policy about important issues for which science and technology are major considerations. Their current program emphasizes issues in national security and the environment. For more information, please visit: http://www.marshall.org/.<img src="http://act.forecastthefacts.org/o.gif?akid=769.100725.YAwUQE" style="border: 0px; line-height: 15.6000003814697px; outline: none; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);" /> <img src="http://list.forecastthefacts.org/wf/open?upn=A-2BBjb7vKMqfVvSyikFhjb4qnbKMPQVHrjM2-2BXtaUbaqY-2FZVL9zvkOuy7OREaM-2FERseFsbazpaeIMUi3y-2B-2Bv48tqg8GK0nZ-2BTAoVTl3my-2BKd3H12TByz3xAHPgHd-2FGlN6UaN8CxxSyVT-2FaCDar7WzZaDE-2FvL1j2y0-2FzMlFYfy2pRZKABBqd7Nq87rl-2BrCsOLVIkdfYFFNcW5hBBZ-2Fnwhij0ObG3xTNgbO6YjaoeRVgzc3KEtdf9lyt1Heq16ijoFDwFS3zwSu-2Ft8ErkfXZbJbN-2FwuLn6iSRaAjLxrbigyXjtq6-2Bm0GUKyCwA-2BnCKC3myF" alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; outline: none; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);" />=http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/energy-environment/237502-forecast-the-facts-merchants-of-smearhis piece is in response to a Congress Blog <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-environment/236488-to-the-media-dont-help-the-merchants-of-doubt" target="blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">piece</a> by Sylvie Stein of Forecast the Facts that takes issue with O'Keefe's <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/energy-environment/236010-the-crude-oil-export-ban-is-a-relic-of-flawed-policy" target="blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">previous piece</a> in the Contributors section.Sylvie Stein's <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-environment/236488-to-the-media-dont-help-the-merchants-of-doubt" target="blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">recent piece</a> in the Congress Blog, "Don't help the merchants of doubt," tells a great deal about Stein and her organization. Stein and the authors of "Merchants of Doubt" are skilled in distortion and being practitioners of Saul Alinsky's Rules for Radicals, especially the rule to "pick the target, freeze it, personalize it, and polarize it."It is telling that Stein wants her views and those of climate alarmists to be conveyed by the media, but not those of people who challenge them. What does that say about her organization's views of the Constitution and the importance of free speech to a free society? Movements to suppress free speech believe that the end justifies the means. That is unsettling.he word "denier" has been used by some to equate skeptics of the climate orthodoxy to deniers of the Holocaust. That is shameless. Neither I nor those I associate with deny that climate change and global warming are real or that human activities impact climate. That is far different than human activities being the major cause of warming and extreme weather events like hurricanes.Her attacks are based on "Merchants of Doubt" and an alleged "97 [percent] consensus" of scientists. That foundation shows the weakness of her case. The movie "Merchants of Doubt"is based on a book by Naomi Oreskes that defames and slanders the good names and reputations of three outstanding scientists who cannot defend themselves because they are deceased. The George C. Marshall Institute published a critique, "Clouding the Truth: A Critique of Merchants of Doubt" in 2013; another critique is "<a href="http://www.nicolasnierenberg.com/" target="blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A critique of Oreskes et al. 2008</a>." Truth and accuracy are victims of Naomi Oreskes's piece of work.Using the "97 percent" canard typifies the tactic of repeating a lie until it is accepted. Surveys claiming the 97 percent consensus have been thoroughly refuted. The most recent survey by John Cook involved reviewing cited abstracts of peer-reviewed papers published from 1991 to 2011. Professor David Legates and co-authors dismembered Cook's 97 percent in an article in <a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11191-013-9647-9" target="blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 102); text-decoration: none; outline: none; font-weight: bold;">Science and Education</a>. They reviewed the same papers cited by Cook and found "only 41 — 0.3 percent — of the 11,944 abstracts or 1.0 percent of the 4,014 (scientists?) expressing an opinion had been found to endorse" the claim that human activity is causing most of the current warming.Stein's claims that "when CO2 levels have risen, so have global temperatures" or that the world has been warming rapidly are refuted by geological history, U.S. temperature records since the end of the Little Ice Age, satellite data and the most recent warming pause. Most scientists agree that a doubling of carbon dioxide would only raise temperature about 1 degree unless there is increased climate sensitivity, which has not been demonstrated. Even the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) keeps reducing its "estimate" of sensitivity. The real issue is sensitivity; not carbon dioxide levels.Stein attempts to use the ocean's storage capacity to explain the warming pause since 1998. But oceanographers acknowledge that good data on ocean warming have only been available for about 20 years. So her point lacks credibility. Carl Wunsch, professor of oceanography at MIT, observes that oceans have been warming since the end of the last glaciation over 10,000 years ago and will continue to warm until the next glaciation.Finally, Stein attempts to discredit me by allegations about funding. As Ted Koppel told former Vice President Gore when he used the same tactic on ABC's "Nightline": "The measure of good science is neither the politics of the scientist nor the people with whom the scientist associates. It is the immersion of hypotheses into the acid of truth. That's the hard way to do it, but it's the only way that works." The Marshall Institute's publications are publicly available and have stood the test of time.Stein needs to be reminded of the late Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan's (D-N.Y.) admonition that "everyone is entitled to his own opinion but not his own facts." Stein is very short on facts.O'Keefe is CEO of the George C. Marshall Institute and president of Solutions Consulting, Inc.=William O'Keefe is a multimillionaire and former paid lobbyist for ExxonMobil. I'm a 24-year-old living in a basement in Oakland, California.So when I woke up to see William O'Keefe had attacked me by name in The Hill for calling out his climate denial, I was pretty pleased: if a guy like that feels the need to respond to everyday activists like us, it means the climate deniers are on the defense.But we've got much more work to do: The Hill and many other media outlets are still publishing climate denial every day. That's why, in 2015, we'll be investing big in our efforts to call out media outlets that give a platform to denial.You can expect constant media monitoring, big social media and email campaigns when a denier is given air time, ad buys calling out specific media outlets, and more. But we'll need your help raising the funds to make that investment possible.<a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="https://act.forecastthefacts.org/donate/okeefe/?t=3&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Click here to chip in $25 to help us stop climate denial in the mainstream media!</a>Climate deniers are fighting hard on behalf of the enormously wealthy fossil fuel industry to delegitimize the scientific consensus that human activity — and specifically carbon pollution — is the root cause of rapid global warming.Unfortunately for the deniers, we're just getting started in our fight for media accountability on climate — and we're already seeing progress. In the past year, both The Guardian and The Washington Post have launched initiatives to put climate front and center. Plus, we've already spoken with the opinions editor at The Hill, and he's assured us he and the other editors are discussing how to better manage climate misinformation.With your help, we can kick our media accountability campaigns into high gear and get editors talking about how to stop enabling deniers to miseducate the public. Many of these journalists are already on our side — and with enough resources, we can push them to change their climate reporting for the better.<a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="https://act.forecastthefacts.org/donate/okeefe/?t=4&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Please contribute $25 to help stop fossil fuel-funded climate deniers from spreading misinformation in the mainstream media!</a>Factually yours,Sylvie and the rest of the Forecast the Facts teamMORE INFORMATION"The Hill must do better on climate," The Hill, 4-6-2015 <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/998?t=5&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/998?t=6&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE</a>"Forecast the Facts, merchants of smear," The Hill, 4-1-2015 <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/997?t=7&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/997?t=8&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE</a>"To the media: Don’t help the 'Merchants of Doubt," The Hill, 3-23-2015 <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/996?t=9&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/996?t=10&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE</a>"Climate change: Why the Guardian is putting threat to Earth front and centre," The Guardian, 3-6-2015 <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/999?t=11&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/999?t=12&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE</a>"Introducing The Post's new energy and environment section," The Washington Post, 1-22-2015 <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/936?t=13&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">http://act.forecastthefacts.org/go/936?t=14&akid=769.100725.YAwUQE</a>srcwtch stublet:http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27KeefeWilliam O'Keefe is Chief Operating Officer of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_C.Marshall_Institute" title="George C. Marshall Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George C. Marshall Institute</a>; he was previously Treasurer/Secretary of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a> and COO of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">American Petroleum Institute</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a>. He is also president and founder of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Solutions_Consulting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solutions Consulting (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Solutions Consulting</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[2]</a>, of which the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Marshall_Institute" title="Marshall Institute" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Marshall Institute</a> is a client.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a>.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#Articles_and_resources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Articles and resources</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1.1 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1.2 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#External_resources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1.3 External resources</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#External_articles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1.4 External articles</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2000007629395px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Articles and resources</h2><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">References</h3><div class="references-small" style="line-height: 19.2000007629395px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://views.washingtonpost.com/climate-change/panelists/william_okeefe/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">William O'Keefe - Planet Panelists</a>. Washington Post. Retrieved on 2010-01-26. “William O'Keefe is CEO at the George C. Marshall Institute... He is a former COO at the American Petroleum Institute.”</li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/wiki/index.php/Deniers:William_O%E2%80%99Keefe" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Deniers: William O’Keefe</a>. ExxonSecrets. Retrieved on 2010-01-26. “President and Founder, Solutions Consulting, Inc. Member, Board of Directors, Competitive Enterprise Institute. Registered lobbyist, ExxonMobil Corporation. President Emeritus, Global Climate Coalition. Former Senior Vice President, Jellinek, Schwartz and Conolly, Inc. Former Chief Administrative Officer, Center for Naval Analyses”</li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> Marshall Institute <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://207.153.189.83/EINS/222569466/222569466_2009_06149C55.PDF" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAATklEQVR4XmXKQQqAMAwF0X/7XsSz9CSKiyIIFRFcjMmihmiGbB5fqDCaQJ4j46pzYLUWe+cXZ6OVBhTS0srY2Njp/+XxXXZOLu6EUWAOPX1vnwTBe6qQAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">2009 Form 990</a>(pdf), Schedule O, page 30</li></ol></div><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Related SourceWatch articles</h3>GP

Deniers placed in key positions

From 2001 to 2008 the denier industry enjoyed easy access to the Bush White House, principally via former

employees of the American Petroleum Institute (API), on whose board Lee Raymond, Exxon CEO sat until 2005

when he retired.

In early 2001 Lawyer Phil Cooney202 left his 15-year stint at the API (where he was ‘climate team leader’) to take

up a position as chief of staff at Bush’s White House Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), where he

advised the President on global warming policy and science. In 2005 it was revealed that he had been watering

down scientific reports.203 He resigned soon after and went to work for Exxon.

At the API, Cooney’s boss for many years had been William O’Keefe, former chair of the GCC. O’Keefe left the

API to concentrate on his front group the George C Marshall Institute. From 2001-2005 he was employed by

ExxonMobil to lobby the Executive Office of the President, the White House and Senate on climate change 204.

CEO, George C. Marshall Institute.

President and Founder, Solutions Consulting, Inc. Member, Board of Directors, Competitive Enterprise Institute. Registered lobbyist, ExxonMobil Corporation. President Emeritus, Global Climate Coalition. Former Senior Vice President, Jellinek, Schwartz and Conolly, Inc. Former Chief Administrative Officer, Center for Naval Analyses. Bio: http://www.marshall.org/experts.php?id=83 and http://www.cei.org/pages/wokeefe.cfm

According to federal lobbying records, O'Keefe was a paid lobbyist for ExxonMobil, 2001-2005 on the issues of environment and climate change, with contacts with the White House and the Office of Management and Budget. He writes frequently about climate change in his role at the George C. Marshall Institute.

O'Keefe has a long history of involvement with the fossil fuel industry. O'Keefe served as Executive Vice President and CEO of the American Petroleum Institute, a position he held until 2000.

<h3>KEY DEEDS</h3>

2006

Participated in a George C. Marshall Institute report titled "Climate Science and Policy:

Making the Connection" (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.marshall.org/pdf/materials/86.pdf">PDF</a>). <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/rodney-nichols#s8">[8]</a>

The report concludes:

"Uncertainty—about greenhouse gas emission rates, the effect of changes in greenhouse gas concentrations on climate, and the impact of changes in climate on humans and the environment— is pervasive in any assessment of potential climate change."

Other climate change skeptics who participated in the report include <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer">Will Happer</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-legates">David Legates</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/richard-lindzen">Richard Lindzen</a>, and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_O%27Keefe">William O'Keefe</a>.

4 April, 2002

O'Keefe was a guest on NPR's "Morning Edition," contributing to a discussion about IPCC Chairman Robert Watson, who called for regulations of the fossil fuel industries. O'Keefe argued that Watson's conclusions were not scientifically justified. The same program mentioned that ExxonMobil had written to the White House, criticizing Watson and requesting that he be replaced.

Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src3">Transcript, "US government decides not to back current head of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change," Morning Edition, 4/4/02</a>

9 June, 2000

Appeared on an NBC Nightly News report on the Clinton Administration's "National Analysis of the Long Term Consequences of Global Warming." O'Keefe said of the report "Everybody who has read the full document comes to the same conclusion. That it is a document that is designed to scare, not to enlighten, to mislead, not inform. And that's unfortunate."

Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src4">Transcript, NBC Nightly News 6/9/00</a>

<h3>ORGANIZATIONS</h3>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=2">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>

Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src0">CEI website, 3/04</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=36">George C. Marshall Institute</a>

Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src7">George Marshall Institute website 5/06</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=11">American Petroleum Institute</a>

Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src2">"Earth Last," The American Prospect, 5/7/04</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=38">Global Climate Coalition</a>

Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src1">George Marshall Institute website 4/04</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=119">United for Jobs</a>

Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src5">United for Jobs June 30, 2004</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=1">ExxonMobil Corporation</a>

Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src6">House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Lobbying Disclosure Registration</a>

<h3>SOURCES</h3>

<a id="src" name="src"> </a><a id="src0" name="src0"> </a>CEI website, 3/04

<a id="src1" name="src1"> </a>George Marshall Institute website 4/04

<a href="http://www.marshall.org">http://www.marshall.org</a>

<a id="src2" name="src2"> </a>"Earth Last," The American Prospect, 5/7/04

article by Chris Mooney

<a href="http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewPrint&articleId=7603">http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewPrint&articleId=7603</a>

<a id="src3" name="src3"> </a>Transcript, "US government decides not to back current head of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change," Morning Edition, 4/4/02

<a id="src4" name="src4"> </a>Transcript, NBC Nightly News 6/9/00

<a id="src5" name="src5"> </a>United for Jobs June 30, 2004

essay "Climate Change Trojan Horse" attacking McCain Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act

<a href="http://www.unitedforjobs2004.org/ufj/wrapper.jsp?PID=8040-5&CID=8040-063004A">http://www.unitedforjobs2004.org/ufj/wrapper.jsp?PID=8040-5&CID=8040-063004A</a>

<a id="src6" name="src6"> </a>House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Lobbying Disclosure Registration

2005 Lobbying registration for O'Keefe lobbying for Exxon

<a href="http://clerk.house.gov/pd/houseID.html?reg_id=34946">http://clerk.house.gov/pd/houseID.html?reg_id=34946</a>

<a id="src7" name="src7"> </a>George Marshall Institute website 5/06

<a href="http://www.marshall.org">http://www.marshall.org</a>

=

O’Keefe, William

He has been Managing Director/President/CEO of GMI since ~04/05/01. Before that, he was a 25+year

veteran of API (the American Petroleum Institute) and was a registered lobbyist for ExxonMobil.

www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289

www.exxonsecrets.org/wiki/index.php/Deniers:_William_O%E2%80%99Keefe

www.opensecrets.org/lobby/lobbyist.php?lname=O%27Keefe%2C+William+F&id=Y00000185540&yea

r=2005

Activities: GMI2002, GMI2003, A.Oreskes, GMI2005, A.HOCKX, A.Hockey, A.GATE

Organizations: API, CEI, GCC, GMI

People: many

www.marshall.org/experts.php?id=83

―William O'Keefe, Chief Executive Officer of the Marshall Institute, is President of Solutions Consulting, Inc. He

has also served as Senior Vice President of Jellinek, Schwartz and Conolly, Inc., Executive Vice President and

Chief Operat ing Officer of the American Petroleum Institute (API) and Chief Administrative Officer of the Center

for Naval Analyses.

Mr. O‘Keefe has held positions on the Board of Directors of the Kennedy Institute, the U.S. Ene rgy Association

and the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) and is Cha irman Eme ritus of the Global Climate Coalition. (GCC)‖

Chronology from API places him there from 1974-2000:

web.archive.org/web/*/www.api.org

web.archive.org/web/20000621034331/www.api.org/about/management.htm 08/15/00, gone by 08/18/00

Jellinek Schwartz & Connolly by 12/06/00 (NewsMeat), through end of 2001.

www.manta.com/coms2/dnbcompany_fv35d8

legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/klc81f00/pdf;jsessionid=1DD02EC838180797E342C559E8C75E3B

legacy.library.ucsf.edu/action/search/basic?fd=0&q=Jellinek+Schwartz+%26+Connolly

This company consulted mostly on pesticides, was often looking for money from tobacco companies, but

that seems to have been before O’Keefe‟s short time there.

Contrib: R‘91-‗0, McCain ‘08, $23,375 that I could find

1991-1999 Washington, DC

www.newsmeat.com/fec/bystate_detail.php?city=WASHINGTON&st=DC&last=o%27keefe&first=willi

1994-2000 McClean

www.newsmeat.com/fec/bystate_detail.php?city=MCLEAN&st=VA&last=o%27keefe&first=william

1997-2000 Mc Clean

www.newsmeat.com/fec/bystate_detail.php?city=MC+LEAN&st=VA&last=o%27keefe&first=william

2000-2005 Vienna

www.newsmeat.com/fec/bystate_detail.php?city=Vienna&st=VA&last=o%27keefe&first=william

2006-2008 Providence Forge

www.newsmeat.com/fec/bystate_detail.php?city=Providence+Forge&st=VA&last=o%27keefe&first=wil

liam

Crescendo to ClimateGate Cacophony V1.0 03/15/10

145

Although no climate scientist, he has written often and confidently, often co-authored with Kueter:

"Cap-and-Trade Would Make the American Dream a Nightmare," William O'Keefe, August 18, 2009

"Assessing the American Clean Energy & Security Act - Slides of William O'Keefe," William O'Keefe,

June 3, 2009

"Cap and Trade is a License to Cheat and Steal," William O'Keefe, May 19, 2009

"Next Bernie Madoff? Emissions Cap-and-Trade Aids the Corrupt, Hurts the Little Guy," William O'Keefe,

April 13, 2009

"Time for a Fresh Debate Over America‘s Climate Policy," William O'Keefe, February 3, 2009

"Climate Policy: Focusing the Debate," William O'Keefe, February 1, 2009

"The Future of Climate Policy: Reality versus Lessons Not Learned," William O'Keefe, December 1, 2008

"The Myth of Vanishing CO2 Emissions," William O'Keefe and Jeff Kueter, June 1, 2008

"Where Will the Bali Roadmap Lead?," William O'Keefe and Jeff Kueter, December 1, 2007

"Caps, Taxesand Technology - How Do We Respond to Climate Change," William O'Keefe and Jeff

Kueter, November 1, 2007

"Assessing the Supreme Court's CO2 Ruling," William O'Keefe, May 1, 2007

"Statement on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Summary for Policy Makers (SPM)," William O'Keefe and Jeff

Kueter, February 2, 2007

"Clean Air Theater," William O'Keefe, December 3, 2006

"The Illusion of U.S. Energy Independence: An Assessment of the Current State of Energy Use," William

O'Keefe and Jeff Kueter, December 1, 2006

"Reply to Matthew Quayle, Executive Producer of Squawk Box, on CNBC Presentation," William

O'Keefe, November 2, 2006

"Response to the Royal Society's Letter," William O'Keefe and Jeff Kueter, September 22, 2006

"Climate Zealotry Produces Bad Policy: Observations on Al Gore's New York University Speech," William

O'Keefe, September 1, 2006

"Group Think Masquerading as Consensus," William O'Keefe, September 1, 2006

"'Self-sufficiency' vs. economic reality," William O'Keefe, February 3, 2006

"William O‘Keefe Responds to Senator Bingaman's Support of a Mandatory Program," William O'Keefe,

December 6, 2005

"Evaluating the Bush Environmental Record," William O'Keefe, September 30, 2005

"Climate Policy: A Reality Check," William O'Keefe, September 30, 2005

"General Rent Seeker," William O'Keefe, May 26, 2005

"Climate Change and National Security," William O'Keefe, Remarks given at the World Affairs Council's

conference on Climate Change & National Security, May 3, 2005

"The True Costs of the Climate Stewardship Act," William O'Keefe, September 1, 2004

"Climate Sensitivity - Still a SWAG," William O'Keefe and Jeff Kueter, September 1, 2004

"The Challenge of Making Climate Science Relevant," William O'Keefe, June 3, 2004

"Politics and Science: Is Science Politicized?," William O'Keefe and Jeff Kueter, May 1, 2004

"Climate Models: A Primer," William O'Keefe and Jeff Kueter, May 1, 2004

"Who is Politicizing Science? Understanding the Interactions and Interests in Science and Politics," Adam

Kieper, Dr. Michael Gough, Steven Hayward, Robert Walker and William O'Keefe, March 24, 2004

"Climate debate isn't about action, it's about knowledge ," William O'Keefe, January 6, 2004

"Climate Change Skepticism: A Virtue or Vice?," William O'Keefe, October 1, 2003

"Climate Policy and Energy Use and Objective Realities," William O'Keefe, June 1, 2003

"Cap and Trade: The Moral Equivalent of Bamboozle ," William O'Keefe, March 1, 2003

"Automobile Fuel Cells - Potential and Challenges," William O'Keefe, February 11, 2003

"Remarks Before the Final Plenary Session of the U.S. Climate Change Program's Planning Workshop for

Scientists and Stakeholders," William O'Keefe, December 5, 2002

"Remarks Before the Resource Management Decision Support Panel of the U.S. Climate Change Science

Program's Planning Workshop for Scientists and Stakeholders," William O'Keefe, December 4, 2002

"A Global Climate and Energy Project - Big Ambitions at Stanford," William O'Keefe, December 2, 2002

Crescendo to ClimateGate Cacophony V1.0 03/15/10

146

"Putting Climate Science and Kyoto in Perspective," William O'Keefe, October 8, 2002

"Candor about Kyoto," William O'Keefe, June 1, 2001

"Climate Change: A Political Assessment," William O'Keefe, June 13, 2000

"Open Letter to Matthew Quayle, Executive Producer of Squawk Box on CNBC Presentation "Fire and

Ice"," William O'Keefe

"A Bad Bill For Cap-And-Trade," William O'Keefe

wa times

Scientists skeptical of climate-change theories say they are increasingly coming under attack -- treatment that may make other analysts less likely to present contrarian views about global warming.

"In general, if you do not agree with the consensus that we are headed toward disaster, you are treated like a pariah," said William O'Keefe, chief executive officer of the Marshall Institute, which assesses scientific issues that shape public policy.

"It's ironic that a field based on challenging unproven theories attacks skeptics in a very unhealthy way."

Two climatologists in Democrat-leaning states, David Legates in Delaware and George Taylor in Oregon, have come under fire for expressing skepticism about the origins of climate change. Oregon Gov. Theodore R. Kulongoski is publicly seeking to strip Mr. Taylor, widely known as the state's climatologist, of his position because of his stance....

CEI, which previously listed Mr. Legates as an "adjunct scholar," has published multiple reports questioning the science behind global-warming theories and has been criticized for accepting donations from companies such as Exxon Mobil Corp.

Mr. O'Keefe said his organization doesn't deny the existence of global warming but questions the methods used by individuals and groups advocating for new government restrictions to combat the phenomenon.

"We have never said that global warming isn't real," Mr. O'Keefe said. "No self-respecting think tank would accept money to support preconceived notions. We make sure what we are saying is both scientifically and analytically defensible."=hmmn zoominfo<div class="sectionLeft" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 25px 25px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; width: 300px;"><div class="sectionHeading" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(39, 125, 187); margin: 1.3em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Background</div><div class="backgroundComponent" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="clearFix" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; zoom: 1;"><div class="backgroundHeading" style="border: 0px; margin: 1.3em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h3 style="border-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Employment History</h3></div><div class="clearFix" style="border: 0px; 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outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">The Marshall Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Chief Executive Officer</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); 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Marshall Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">President</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/George-C.-Marshall-Institute/15860327" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">President</h6><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Solutions Consulting , Inc.</h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Chief Executive Officer</h6><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Solutions Consulting , Inc.</h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; 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outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">American Petroleum Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Vice President</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">American Petroleum Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/American-Petroleum-Institute/8737955" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">American Petroleum Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Senior Vice President</h6><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Jellinek</h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Senior Vice President</h6><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Schwartz</h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Senior Vice President</h6><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Conolly , Inc.</h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Chief Administrative Officer</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/CNA/8585365" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">CNA</a></h6></li></ul></div><div class="backgroundHeading" style="border: 0px; margin: 1.3em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h3 style="border-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Board Memberships and Affiliations</h3></div><div class="clearFix" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; zoom: 1;"><ul style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none;"><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Board Member</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/The-Marshall-Institute/352560635" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">The Marshall Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Chairman Emeritus</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Global-Climate-Coalition/16106225" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Global Climate Coalition</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Treasurer and Secretary</h6><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Solutions Consulting , Inc.</h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Board Member</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Competitive-Enterprise-Institute/36182609" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Board Member</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/Kennedy-Institute/344837774" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Kennedy Institute</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Board Member</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/United-States-Energy-Association/40239207" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">United States Energy Association</a></h6></li><li style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">Board Member</h6><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><h6 style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"></a><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;" /><a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/c/SourceWatch/352921884" class="" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">SourceWatch</a></h6></li></ul></div><div class="backgroundHeading" style="border: 0px; margin: 1.3em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h3 style="border-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Education</h3></div><ul style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none;"><li style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h6 style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal;">PhD</h6></li></ul></div></div><div class="clear" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; zoom: 1; clear: both; content: " height="height" px="px"><div class="sectionLeft" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 25px 25px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; float: left; width: 300px;"><div class="sectionHeading" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(39, 125, 187); margin: 1.3em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="right" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; float: right;">199 Total References</div>Web References</div><div class="personRefs" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 1.3em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="personWebRefContainer_471559129" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.agci.org/programs/past_workshop_participants/about_the_scientist/participant_details.php?recordID=5523" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">AGCI Past Participants :: About William O'Keefe</a>
www.agci.org, 20 April 2014 <a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=-1003583892&page_url=//www.agci.org/programs/past_workshop_participants/about_the_scientist/participant_details.php?recordID=5523&page_last_updated=2014-04-20T20:52:31&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><e>William O'Keefe</e><div class="nonSequential" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</div><e>William O'Keefe, Chief Executive Officer of the Marshall Institute, is President of Solutions Consulting, Inc.</e> <e><pro>He</pro> has also served as Senior Vice President of Jellinek, Schwartzand Conolly, Inc., Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the American Petroleum Institute and Chief Administrative Officer of the Center for Naval Analyses.</e> <e>Mr. O'Keefe has held positions on the Board of Directors of the Kennedy Institute, the U.S. Energy Association and the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is Chairman Emeritus of the Global Climate Coalition.</e></div></div></div><div class="personWebRefContainer_534881207" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.fedgovlink.com/members.shtml" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Federal Legislative Associates</a>
www.fedgovlink.com, 6 Oct 2013 <a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=307620737&page_url=//www.fedgovlink.com/members.shtml&page_last_updated=2013-10-06T04:15:57&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><e style="line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">William O'Keefe</e><div class="lineBreak" style="line-height: 1.6; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><e>William O'Keefe, President of the Marshall Institute, is President of Solutions Consulting, Inc.</e> <e><pro>He</pro> has also served as Senior Vice President of Jellinek, Schwartz and Conolly, Inc., Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the American Petroleum Institute and Chief Administrative Officer of the Center for Naval Analyses.</e><div class="lineBreak" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><e>Mr. O'Keefe has held positions on the Board of Directors of the Kennedy Institute, the U.S. Energy Association and the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is Chairman Emeritus of the Global Climate Coalition.</e><div class="lineBreak" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;">Email William O'Keefe at okeefe@marshall.org</div></div></div><div class="personWebRefContainer_94403403" style="line-height: 1.6; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.marshall.org/board.php" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">The Marshall Institute - Staff</a>
www.marshall.org, 9 July 2013 <a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=365146155&page_url=//www.marshall.org/board.php&page_last_updated=2013-07-09T12:09:33&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">William O'Keefe CEO (GMI); President, Solutions Consulting, Inc.</div></div></div><div class="personWebRefContainer_1543675071" style="line-height: 1.6; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute/Personnel" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute/Personnel - SourceWatch</a>
www.sourcewatch.org, 10 Mar 2014 <a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=6572035728&page_url=//www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute/Personnel&page_last_updated=2014-03-10T16:10:13&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><e>William O'Keefe, Treasurer/Secretary; President and Founder, Solutions Consulting. (Also COO of Marshall Institute, and former COO of the American Petroleum Institute[7])</e><div class="nonSequential" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</div>?William O'Keefe - Planet Panelists. Washington Post.<e>Retrieved on 2010-01-26. "William O'Keefe is CEO at theGeorge C. Marshall Institute...</e></div></div></div><div class="personWebRefContainer_1753065703" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="referenceItem" style="line-height: 1.6; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.republicanleadershipnetwork.com/board" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Board - Republican Leadership Network</a>
www.republicanleadershipnetwork.com, 27 April 2014<a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=6024220449&page_url=//www.republicanleadershipnetwork.com/board&page_last_updated=2014-04-27T16:29:44&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[cached]</a></div><div class="referenceItem" style="line-height: 1.6; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</div><div class="referenceItem" style="line-height: 1.6; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h1 class="companyName" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Republican Leadership Network</h1>230 California Street Suite 301
San Francisco, California 94111</div><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</div><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="stats" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(90, 90, 90); letter-spacing: 0.75px; line-height: 18.5714282989502px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="section-header" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; color: rgb(47, 86, 133); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#stats" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent;"><span class="fa fa-minus" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); color: rgb(119, 119, 119);"> Whois & Quick Stats</a></div><div id="stats" class="table-responsive collapse in" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-x: auto; min-height: 0.00999999977648258%;"><table class="table table-condensed table-hover" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 619px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; background-color: transparent;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-style: none; min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Email</td><td class="email" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-style: none; overflow-x: hidden; max-width: 265px; min-width: 135px; width: 369px;"><img src="http://source.domaintools.com/email.pgif?md5=5053cc45dbee38b3c201513813ca8fe2&face=arial&size=9&color=000000&bgcolor=FFFFFF&color=333333&format[]=transparent" align="middle" border="0" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -5px; margin-left: -5px;" /> is associated with ~19 domains </td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-style: none; min-width: 135px;"><div class="jump-link pull-right" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right;"><div class="dropdown" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative;"><a class="dropdown-toggle" id="inline-reverse-whois" data-toggle="dropdown" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); background-color: transparent;">  <span class="fa fa-share" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px);" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Registrant Org</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 369px;">Future 500 is associated with ~28 other domains</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px;"><div class="jump-link pull-right" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right;"><a target="blank" href="http://reversewhois.domaintools.com/future-500" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">  <span class="fa fa-share" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px);" /></a></div></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Dates</td><td class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 369px;">Created on 2010-02-06 - Expires on 2016-02-06 - Updated on 2015-02-07</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px;"><div class="jump-link pull-right" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right;"><a target="blank" href="http://research.domaintools.com/research/whois-history/search/?q=republicanleadershipnetwork.org" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">  <span class="fa fa-share" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px);" /></a></div></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">IP Address</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 369px;">192.241.162.245 - 15 other sites hosted on this server</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px;"><div class="jump-link pull-right" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right;"><a target="blank" href="http://reverseip.domaintools.com/search/?q=republicanleadershipnetwork.org" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">  <span class="fa fa-share" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px);" /></a></div></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">IP Location</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;"><img src="http://whois.domaintools.com/images/flags/us.gif" alt="United States" height="12" width="18" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /> - New York - New York City - Digital Ocean Inc.</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">ASN</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;"><img src="http://whois.domaintools.com/images/flags/us.gif" alt="United States" height="12" width="18" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /> AS62567 DIGITALOCEAN-ASN-NY2 - Digital Ocean, Inc. (registered Jul 11, 2013)</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Domain Status</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;">Registered And Active Website</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Whois History</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 369px;">34 records have been archived since 2010-02-07</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px;"><div class="jump-link pull-right" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right;"><a target="blank" href="http://research.domaintools.com/research/whois-history/search/?q=republicanleadershipnetwork.org" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">  <span class="fa fa-share" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px);" /></a></div></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">IP History</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 369px;">14 changes on 10 unique IP addresses over 5 years</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px;"><div class="jump-link pull-right" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right;"><a target="blank" href="http://research.domaintools.com/research/hosting-history/?q=republicanleadershipnetwork.org" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">  <span class="fa fa-share" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px);" /></a></div></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Hosting History</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 369px;">3 changes on 4 unique name servers over 5 years</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px;"><div class="jump-link pull-right" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right;"><a target="blank" href="http://research.domaintools.com/research/hosting-history/?q=republicanleadershipnetwork.org" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">  <span class="fa fa-share" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px);" /></a></div></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Whois Server</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;">whois.pir.org</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="website" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(90, 90, 90); letter-spacing: 0.75px; line-height: 18.5714282989502px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="section-header" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; color: rgb(47, 86, 133); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#website" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent;"><span class="fa fa-minus" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px); color: rgb(119, 119, 119);"> Website</a></div><div id="website" class="table-responsive collapse in" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-x: auto; min-height: 0.00999999977648258%;"><table class="table table-condensed table-hover" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 619px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; background-color: transparent;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-style: none; min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Website Title</td><td class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-style: none; min-width: 135px; width: 369px;"><img class="text_align" src="http://s2.googleusercontent.com/s2/favicons?domain=republicanleadershipnetwork.org" height="16" width="16" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" />  Republican Leadership Network</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-style: none; min-width: 135px;"><div class="jump-link pull-right" style="box-sizing: border-box; float: right;"><a target="blank" href="http://republicanleadershipnetwork.org/" rel="nofollow" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">  <span class="fa fa-share" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; transform: translate(0px, 0px);" /></a></div></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Server Type</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;">Apache</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Response Code</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;">200</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">SEO Score</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 369px;">81%</td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px;" /></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Terms</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;">311 (Unique: 150, Linked: 289)</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Images</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;">23 (Alt tags missing: 1)</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="row-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 115px; font-weight: 700;">Links</td><td colspan="2" class="full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.42857143; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); min-width: 135px; width: 504px;">77   (Internal: 32, Outbound: 43)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="record" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 10px; color: rgb(90, 90, 90); letter-spacing: 0.75px; line-height: 18.5714282989502px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="section-header" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 5px 0px; color: rgb(47, 86, 133); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);">Whois Record ( last updated on 2015-04-08 )</div><div class="raw well well-sm" style="box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 20px; padding: 9px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 227, 227); border-radius: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0470588) 0px 1px 1px inset; line-height: 1.2em; word-spacing: 0.01em; word-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);">Domain Name:REPUBLICANLEADERSHIPNETWORK.ORG Domain ID: D158298413-LROR Creation Date: 2010-02-06T04:52:22Z Updated Date: 2015-02-07T01:29:37Z Registry Expiry Date: 2016-02-06T04:52:22Z Sponsoring Registrar:1API GmbH (R1724-LROR) Sponsoring Registrar IANA ID: 1387 WHOIS Server:  Referral URL:  Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited -- http://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited Registrant ID:WSF23347495-HWCP Registrant Name:William Shireman Registrant Organization:Future 500 Registrant Street: 230 California Street, Suite 301 Registrant City:San Francisco Registrant State/Province:CA Registrant Postal Code:94111 Registrant Country:US Registrant Phone:+1.8006552020 Registrant Phone Ext:  Registrant Fax:  Registrant Fax Ext:  Registrant Email:<a title="Search for this email address" href="http://reversewhois.domaintools.com/?email=5053cc45dbee38b3c201513813ca8fe2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 51, 204); text-decoration: none; position: relative; top: -5px; background-color: transparent;"><img src="http://source.domaintools.com/email.pgif?md5=5053cc45dbee38b3c201513813ca8fe2&face=arial&size=9&color=000000&bgcolor=FFFFFF&face=arial&size=9&color=0000FF&bgcolor=FFFFFF&format[]=transparent&format[]=transparent" align="middle" border="0" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a> Admin ID:THF23347632-AHGD Admin Name:Tara Holmes Admin Organization:Future 500 Admin Street: 230 California Street, Suite 301 Admin City:San Francisco Admin State/Province:CA Admin Postal Code:94111 Admin Country:US Admin Phone:+1.4135755538 Admin Phone Ext:  Admin Fax:  Admin Fax Ext:  Admin Email:<a title="Search for this email address" href="http://reversewhois.domaintools.com/?email=5053cc45dbee38b3c201513813ca8fe2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 51, 204); text-decoration: none; position: relative; top: -5px; background-color: transparent;"><img src="http://source.domaintools.com/email.pgif?md5=5053cc45dbee38b3c201513813ca8fe2&face=arial&size=9&color=000000&bgcolor=FFFFFF&face=arial&size=9&color=0000FF&bgcolor=FFFFFF&format[]=transparent&format[]=transparent" align="middle" border="0" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a> Tech ID:THF23347632-AHGD Tech Name:Tara Holmes Tech Organization:Future 500 Tech Street: 230 California Street, Suite 301 Tech City:San Francisco Tech State/Province:CA Tech Postal Code:94111 Tech Country:US Tech Phone:+1.4135755538 Tech Phone Ext:  Tech Fax:  Tech Fax Ext:  Tech Email:<a title="Search for this email address" href="http://reversewhois.domaintools.com/?email=5053cc45dbee38b3c201513813ca8fe2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 51, 204); text-decoration: none; position: relative; top: -5px; background-color: transparent;"><img src="http://source.domaintools.com/email.pgif?md5=5053cc45dbee38b3c201513813ca8fe2&face=arial&size=9&color=000000&bgcolor=FFFFFF&face=arial&size=9&color=0000FF&bgcolor=FFFFFF&format[]=transparent&format[]=transparent" align="middle" border="0" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a> Name Server:NS1.IWANTMYNAME.NET Name Server:NS2.IWANTMYNAME.NET Name Server:NS3.IWANTMYNAME.NET Name Server:NS4.IWANTMYNAME.NET Name Server:  Name Server:  Name Server:  Name Server:  Name Server:  Name Server:  Name Server:  Name Server:  Name Server:  DNSSEC:Unsigned</div></div><div class="referenceText" style="line-height: 1.6; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><e>Bill O'Keefe</e><div class="nonSequential" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</div><e>Bill O'Keefe</e><div class="lineBreak" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><e>CEO of the George C. Marshall Inst, President of Solutions Consulting, Inc.</e></div></div></div></div></div>CNACompany Description: CNA Financial Corporation (CNAF) is an insurance holding company. The Company’s property and casualty insurance operations are conducted by Continental Casualty Company (CCC) and The Continental Insurance Company (CIC) and affiliates. Loews Corporation (Loews) owned approximately 89% of its outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2007. CNAF serves a variety of customers, including small, medium and large businesses, associations, professionals, and groups and individuals with a range of insurance and risk management products and services. Its insurance products primarily include commercial property and casualty coverages. CNAF’s services include risk management, information services, warranty and claims administration. The Company’s products and services are marketed through independent agents, brokers, managing general agents and direct sales. (Source: 10-K)<div class="personWebRefContainer_1753065703" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.republicanleadershipnetwork.com/board-of-directors/" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><name>Bill O'Keefe</name> - CEO of the ...</a>
www.republicanleadershipnetwork.com, 3 Feb 2015<a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=7458724104&page_url=//www.republicanleadershipnetwork.com/board-of-directors/&page_last_updated=2015-02-03T16:44:43&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><e>Bill O'Keefe - CEO of the George C. Marshall Inst., President of Solutions Consulting, Inc.</e></div></div></div><div class="personWebRefContainer_1543675071" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute/Personnel" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute/Personnel - SourceWatch</a>
www.sourcewatch.org, 19 Nov 2014 <a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=6572035728&page_url=//www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute/Personnel&page_last_updated=2014-11-19T12:33:45&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><e>William O'Keefe, Treasurer/Secretary; President and Founder, Solutions Consulting. (Also COO of Marshall Institute, and former COO of the American Petroleum Institute[7])</e><div class="nonSequential" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</div>?William O'Keefe - Planet Panelists. Washington Post.<e>Retrieved on 2010-01-26. "William O'Keefe is CEO at theGeorge C. Marshall Institute...</e></div></div></div><div class="personWebRefContainer_94403403" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.marshall.org/board.php?id=122&print=1" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">The Marshall Institute - Staff</a>
www.marshall.org, 9 July 2013 <a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=-1567913154&page_url=//www.marshall.org/board.php?id=122&print=1&page_last_updated=2013-07-09T12:09:33&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><e>William O'Keefe</e> <e>CEO (GMI); President, Solutions Consulting, Inc.</e></div></div></div><div class="personWebRefContainer_476854759" style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.thegilmangroup.com/okeefe.htm" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">William O'Keefe</a>
www.thegilmangroup.com, 9 Oct 2014 <a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=640218631&page_url=//www.thegilmangroup.com/okeefe.htm&page_last_updated=2014-10-09T23:13:14&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><e>William O'Keefe</e><div class="lineBreak" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><e>William O'Keefe, President of the Marshall Institute, is President of Solutions Consulting, Inc.</e> <e><pro>He</pro> has also served as Senior Vice President of Jellinek, Schwartz and Conolly, Inc., Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the American Petroleum Institute and Chief Administrative Officer of the Center for Naval Analyses.</e><div class="lineBreak" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 0px;"><e>Mr. O'Keefe has held positions on the Board of Directors of the Kennedy Institute, the U.S. Energy Association and the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is Chairman Emeritus of the Global Climate Coalition.</e></div></div></div><div class="personWebRefContainer_471559129" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 15.6000003814697px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="referenceItem" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a class="blueLink" href="http://www.agci.org/programs/past_workshop_participants/about_the_scientist/participant_details.php?recordID=5523" target="blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">AGCI Past Participants :: About William O'Keefe</a>
www.agci.org, 20 April 2014 <a class="smaller" href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=-1003583892&page_url=//www.agci.org/programs/past_workshop_participants/about_the_scientist/participant_details.php?recordID=5523&page_last_updated=2014-04-20T20:52:31&firstName=William&lastName=O%27Keefe" target="_blank" rel="NOFOLLOW" style="color: rgb(2, 110, 178); outline: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[cached]</a><div class="referenceText" style="border: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><e>William O'Keefe</e><div class="nonSequential" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">...</div><e>William O'Keefe, Chief Executive Officer of the Marshall Institute, is President of Solutions Consulting, Inc.</e> <e><pro>He</pro> has also served as Senior Vice President of Jellinek, Schwartzand Conolly, Inc., Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the American Petroleum Institute and Chief Administrative Officer of the Center for Naval Analyses.</e> <e>Mr. O'Keefe has held positions on the Board of Directors of the Kennedy Institute, the U.S. Energy Association and the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is Chairman Emeritus of the Global Climate Coalition.</e></div></div></div>no 180 for org, happer and roy spencer 9/14 climate one of 4 main areas?<a href="http://marshall.org/">http://marshall.org/</a> "science for better public policy"<h3 style="line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">John Sheldon</h3>John B. Sheldon, Ph.D., is the Executive Director of the George C. Marshall Institute, and prior to his appointment has been a Fellow at the Institute since 2008. John is also the founder and owner of the Torridon Group LLC, a space and cyberspace consulting company; and a Senior Fellow in Global Security Studies at the Munk School on Global Affairs at the University of Toronto in Canada.
CEO okeefe blog:  http://disqus.com/wokeefe/hispanics care about money/jobs not climateCEO, George C. Marshall Institute.
President and Founder, Solutions Consulting, Inc. Member, Board of Directors, Competitive Enterprise Institute. Registered lobbyist, ExxonMobil Corporation. President Emeritus, Global Climate Coalition. Former Senior Vice President, Jellinek, Schwartz and Conolly, Inc. Former Chief Administrative Officer, Center for Naval Analyses. Bio: http://www.marshall.org/experts.php?id=83 and http://www.cei.org/pages/wokeefe.cfm 

According to federal lobbying records, O'Keefe was a paid lobbyist for ExxonMobil, 2001-2005 on the issues of environment and climate change, with contacts with the White House and the Office of Management and Budget. He writes frequently about climate change in his role at the George C. Marshall Institute. 

O'Keefe has a long history of involvement with the fossil fuel industry. O'Keefe served as Executive Vice President and CEO of the American Petroleum Institute, a position he held until 2000. 

<h3 style="line-height: normal; padding: 10px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">KEY DEEDS</h3>4 April, 2002
O'Keefe was a guest on NPR's "Morning Edition," contributing to a discussion about IPCC Chairman Robert Watson, who called for regulations of the fossil fuel industries. O'Keefe argued that Watson's conclusions were not scientifically justified. The same program mentioned that ExxonMobil had written to the White House, criticizing Watson and requesting that he be replaced.
Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src3" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">Transcript, "US government decides not to back current head of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change," Morning Edition, 4/4/02</a>

9 June, 2000
Appeared on an NBC Nightly News report on the Clinton Administration's "National Analysis of the Long Term Consequences of Global Warming." O'Keefe said of the report "Everybody who has read the full document comes to the same conclusion. That it is a document that is designed to scare, not to enlighten, to mislead, not inform. And that's unfortunate."
Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src4" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">Transcript, NBC Nightly News 6/9/00</a>

<h3 style="line-height: normal; padding: 10px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">ORGANIZATIONS</h3><a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=2" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>
Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src0" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">CEI website, 3/04</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=36" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a>
Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src7" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">George Marshall Institute website 5/06</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=11" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">American Petroleum Institute</a>
Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src2" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">"Earth Last," The American Prospect, 5/7/04</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=38" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">Global Climate Coalition</a>
Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src1" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">George Marshall Institute website 4/04</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=119" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">United for Jobs</a>
Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src5" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">United for Jobs June 30, 2004</a>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=1" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">ExxonMobil Corporation</a>
Source: <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=289#src6" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Lobbying Disclosure Registration</a>

<h3 style="line-height: normal; padding: 10px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">SOURCES</h3><a name="src" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);" /><a name="src0" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">CEI website, 3/04
</a><a href="http://www.cei.org/" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">http://www.cei.org</a>

<a name="src1" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">George Marshall Institute website 4/04
</a><a href="http://www.marshall.org/" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">http://www.marshall.org</a>

<a name="src2" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">"Earth Last," The American Prospect, 5/7/04
article by Chris Mooney
</a><a href="http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewPrint&articleId=7603" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewPrint&articleId=7603</a>

<a name="src3" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Transcript, "US government decides not to back current head of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change," Morning Edition, 4/4/02

</a><a name="src4" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Transcript, NBC Nightly News 6/9/00

</a><a name="src5" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">United for Jobs June 30, 2004
essay "Climate Change Trojan Horse" attacking McCain Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act
</a><a href="http://www.unitedforjobs2004.org/ufj/wrapper.jsp?PID=8040-5&CID=8040-063004A" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">http://www.unitedforjobs2004.org/ufj/wrapper.jsp?PID=8040-5&CID=8040-063004A</a>

<a name="src6" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, Lobbying Disclosure Registration
2005 Lobbying registration for O'Keefe lobbying for Exxon
</a><a href="http://clerk.house.gov/pd/houseID.html?reg_id=34946" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">http://clerk.house.gov/pd/houseID.html?reg_id=34946</a>

<a name="src7" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">George Marshall Institute website 5/06
</a><a href="http://www.marshall.org/" style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">http://www.marshall.org</a>

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