reparations
for slavery, originally mostly
519, could include wwii japan?
SEE COLEMAN HUGHES
see climate debt
---
aha repair the commons?!
---
Reparations Rhetoric Trades Physical Shackles for Emotional Ones - The National Center
22 Jun 2019 Reparations Rhetoric Trades Physical Shackles for Emotional Ones
If black Americans were to be offered reparations for slavery, would Senator Kamala Harris be eligible for them? Should she be liable to pay for them?
These are some of the many questions that Project 21member Adrian Normanbrings to mind in a commentaryhe wrote for The Epoch Times. Initially published last February, it is highly relevant today.
With Congress having just held a hearing about the possible debt owed to black Americans due to slavery, Adrian made it clear that what has been called America’s “original sin” is not “exclusively an American phenomenon.” Instead, he pointed out, “It has existed worldwide for thousands of years.”
On June 19 – the same day as Juneteeth, the day widely celebrated as the anniversary of the end of American slavery – a hearing on Capitol Hill to discuss reparations was as contentions as critics predicted it would be. “Racism and slavery was [sic] our original sins, and we’ve got to deal with reparations by dealing exactly with that,” Julianne Malveaux said. “Let’s not forget that race is central to anything we do related to economic inequality.”
But there still isn’t anyone who can truly answer the questions of who should get slavery reparations and who should pay for them. And these are just two of many questions that need to be answered about reparations.
Consider the example of Senator Harris, who supportslegislation to set up a commission to make recommendations on the reparations issue. She is biracial – the daughterof Indian and Jamaican immigrants. So her ancestors weren’t even here when slavery existed. But, as Adrian explained in his commentary, she has a definite link to that era. Her great-grandparents owned slavesin Jamaica.
Does her family history mean that she owes reparations? Adrian wrote:
[I]s Harris personally responsible for the plight of slaves hundreds of years ago? Of course not. She is no more responsible for actions taken by those in her family’s past than any white person in America is responsible for actions taken by their ancestors.
But, since she’s made atonement for past sins a current policy platform, perhaps she should lead by example and be the first among us to take responsibility; do what she’s asking much of the rest of the country to do and pay dearly for past transgressions.
Adrian further noted:
The progressive narrative of slavery paints in broad strokes and taps into centuries-old pain and angst by methodically re-crafting historical fact into widely imbued myth. It emphatically and falsely supposes the notion that America as a whole and white southerners in particular are to blame for slavery in the United States…
Rhetoric like “government-sanctioned discrimination” suggests the entire government had culpability. It’s a distorted view of the past shared by many on the political left, including Harris…
The language used in discussing reparations is wildly inaccurate, as it implies liability for slavery rests with the entire country.
Both the House of Representativesand Senatehave voted to apologize for slavery and its aftermath in the past, but never offered monetary damages. Affirmative actionwas set up by executive decree almost 60 years ago to deal with inequality, and a myriad of welfare programs were set up to deal with economic inequality (with poor results).
During the hearing, reparations critic Coleman Hughes testified:
Black people don’t need another apology, we need safer neighborhoods and better schools, we need a less punitive criminal justice system, we need affordable health care and none of these things can be achieved with reparations for slavery.
If we were to pay reparations today, we would only divide the country further, making it harder to build the political coalitions required to solve the problems facing black people today.
Adrian added that any true solution will not come by way of an invoice for damages as much as by toning down the political rhetoric – particularly on the left – that is harming racial comity:
There are calls for an open dialogue on race. Neither Republicans nor Democrats can have a conversation about race by mindlessly reciting tall tales. We cannot allow physical shackles to be replaced by mental shackles that hold us in bondage.
To read all of Adrian’s Epoch Timescommentary, click here.
---
nazi strain
Ingrassia has advocated for the far-right political pundit Nick Fuentes, describing him in a post on Substack as among several "dissident voices" who should be integrated within conservative politics.[3] He has called for reparations from the descendants of slaves to slave owners.[15]
---
Fox News' Jesse Watters: “Kamala wants to win the Black vote with free money and drugs”
10/15/24 mma
---
Jesse Watters says Kamala Harris' policies are “reparations in disguise”
10/14/24 mma
---
---
calif 6 23
---
Greg Gutfeld says Black people "didn't earn" reparations | Media Matters for America
---
https://www.mediamatters.org/fox-news/jesse-watters-suggests-looters-and-shoplifters-not-being-arrested-establishments-way
---
biden all in on "ej"
mma 4 23 note victim rev discrim BS
GREG GUTFELD (CO-HOST): What does environmental justice mean? AOC laid out perfectly: the environment is now tied to racism, which is what they did with ESG -- environmental social governance. It's a scorecard, another scorecard that takes measures on how companies act responsibly. So, they marry the environment to race because it couldn't be believed alone, the numbers weren't working. The projections weren't working. But you know what works? Being scared of being called a racist.
So, environmental justice, if you do not agree with it, if you don'tswallow the climate agenda, if you don't agree with AOC, you probably don't just hate the planet, you probably hate non-white people as well.
And the consequences of that, we've talked about it before, with every aspect of life being filled with racism or injustice. The roads are racist we found out this week. Pollution is racist, we just found out. Cheap energy, fossil fuels, that's racist because it hurts non-white people. If you don't want to be looted, that's racist, too, because looting is mere redefinition of justice.
Basically, you're telling people that they can -- you're sanctioning crime. You're sanctioning riots. That's why the politicians in Chicagosaid as much and said that this was their way of evening the score. Because when you tell everybody, and you program their brain with this language that the world sucks and it's this group of people behind it, now it's in climate. Now it's in climate.
---
---
candace owen: Reparations are the extraction of money from people who were never slave owners to be given to people who were never slaves. It is revenge for something that was done to ancestors at the expense of people who had nothing to do with it.
---
https://www.dailysignal.com/2022/06/02/california-reparations-report-demands-tree-planting-in-black-neighborhoods-for-shade-equity/
no lnx
via gmail alert
SOCIETY NEWS
California Reparations Report Demands Tree Planting in ‘Black Neighborhoods’ for ‘Shade Equity’
Gabe Kaminsky / June 02, 2022
"Climate change is certain to exacerbate existing, historically-codified disparities that track existing housing-related harms experienced by African Americans,” a report greenlit by California Gov. Gavin Newsom says. Pictured: Newsom speaks during a news conference with New Zealand's prime minister May 27, 2022, in San Francisco. (Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)
A report on alleged systemic racism released Wednesday and greenlit by California Gov. Gavin Newsom is calling for the planting of trees statewide “to create shade equity” and reduce “heat islands in black neighborhoods.”
The 500-page report was released after Newsom, a Democrat, signed legislation in 2020 forming a nine-member task force to “inform Californians about slavery and explore ways the state might provide reparations.” It describes tree demolishing in black neighborhoods for highway construction and says climate change makes these areas hotter.
“Nationally, formerly redlined areas consistently show hotter temperatures than other areas,” the report states. “Therefore, climate change is certain to exacerbate existing, historically-codified disparities that track existing housing-related harms experienced by African Americans.”
The report is billed as the first of its kind by a state government to examine slavery and “the compounding harms that the United States and Californian governments have inflicted upon African Americans,” according to a press release. The California Reparations Task Force issued the document to the state Legislature, and a final report will then be issued prior to July 2023.
“In particular, so-called [TTUMPISM, SO CALLED JUDGE] ‘heat islands,’ which will worsen due to climate change, exist where built-up urban areas have few trees, vegetation or parks that serve to dissipate or reflect heat, and instead have pavement and building materials that absorb and retain it,” the report also notes.
While the report accurately notes that cities are indeed hotter due to “heat islands,” it uses this fact to claim that black people are disproportionately impacted by heat, former Republican aide Marc Morano, who runs the website Climate Depot, told The Daily Caller News Foundation.
:{:{}:
}:
“Adding tree cover to cities will most likely [WEASEL?] have a negligible impact on the urban heat of the cities,” said Morano. “These solutions appear to be nothing more than just ‘virtue signally’ racial grievance claims. These types of reports are generated to justify bureaucratic jobs and massive bloated budgets for ‘equity’ programs.”
Morano also said that the climate debate has “descended into cultural absurdity” and called the idea of “shade equity” the latest in a round of “racially charged climate claims and identity politics” in the left-leaning movement.
The report further claims “modern efforts to add green space” in black neighborhoods “involve racist narratives.” It argues that the city of Los Angeles intentionally limited tree growth in areas with more black people due to police officers expressing concern that trees “could serve as places to hide drugs or weapons.”
California’s Reparations Task Force did not respond to The Daily Caller News Foundation’s request for comment.
Content created by The Daily Caller News Foundation is available without charge to any eligible news publisher that can provide a large audience. For licensing opportunities for this original content, email licensing@dailycallernewsfoundation.org.
Have an opinion about this article? To sound off, please email letters@DailySignal.com and we’ll consider publishing your edited remarks in our regular “We Hear You” feature. Remember to include the url or headline of the article plus your name and town and/or state.
The Daily Signal depends on the support of readers like you. Donate now
Gabe Kaminsky is a reporter for The Daily Caller News Foundation.
---
---
3 22
for genetic family vs race ( ct challenge) CA
---
https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/who-is-owed-reparations-larry-elder-argues-slave-owners-whose-legal-property-was-taken-away/
---
owning the libs inversion?!
"Here are just some of the freaks and geeks who might replace him in a recall," Miller explains. "The favorite is Larry Elder, a conservative talk radio show host who is basically a walking Boomer Facebook meme. This guy has made countless crazy statements, but just watch this one."
Miller then shows a clip of Elder discussing slavery reparations and telling right-wing pundit Candace Owens, "You could make an argument that the people that are owed reparations are not only just Black people, but also, the people whose quote, property, close-quote, was taken away after the end of the Civil War."
Miller observes, "In addition to being possibly interested in reparations for slaveowners, Elder has supported rolling back Gavin's vaccine mandates. And the Democrats have been trashing him for it."
---
slippery slope to commie?!
521 raw an
Some members of a rural Wisconsin community wanted to demonstrate a commitment to inclusion during the racial protests last year, but the debate over how to express that has ripped the town apart.
Older white conservatives in Marathon County, whose 135,000 residents are 91 percent white and backed Donald Trump by more than 56 percent in each election, objected to naming theresolution "No Place for Hate," which they found too inflammatory, and the county board's executive committee shot down "A Community For All" last week with a 6-2 vote, reported the *New York Times*.
"They're creating strife between people labeling us as racist and privileged because we're white," said supervisor Arnold Schlei, a 73-year-old retired veal farmer and longtime board member. "You can't come around and tell people that work their tails off from daylight to dark and tell them that they got white privilege and they're racist and they've got to treat the Hmongs and the coloreds and the gays better because they're racist. People are sick of it."
The proposed resolution grew out of the protests over George Floyd's police killing, with the county's people of color wanting an acknowledgement that they faced some disparities based on race -- but conservatives have been whipped into a froth by local GOP chairman Jack Hoogendyk, who claims it would "end" private property and lead to "race-based redistribution of wealth."
The resolution, of course, would not do those things, but even acknowledging the existence of racism in the community is too much for some residents.
"[Systemic racism] doesn't exist here," said dairy farmer James Juedes, a public opponent of the resolution who's also organized counter protests against Black Lives Matter demonstrations.
"I have yet to recall any type of racial instances that has been reported in this community that has caused any type of stress," Juedes said.
La'Tanya Campbell, a 39-year-old Black social worker who was at the meeting last week, related a different experience. Ms. Campbell works as an advocate for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault and human trafficking, and said she sometimes had to enlist white colleagues to help clients find apartments to rent in Wausau.
"Typically, the racism you experience is behind closed doors, but since I've started on this resolution I can't believe some of the things that I'm hearing," Campbell said. "You feel unsafe being a woman, I feel unsafe being a Black woman, and doing anti-oppression work, it adds up."
The experience has been crushing to non-white residents, who say they're disappointed in their conservative neighbors for seemingly turning their backs -- or worse.
"I don't have the same type of confidence or faith in the community like I used to," said supervisor Ka Lo, a 39-year-old of Hmong descent who fielded death threats during the debate. "I was born and raised here, and I don't recognize the community that I grew up in right now."
FROM YOUR SITE ARTICLES
- Here's what the resistance can learn from the anti-Vietnam War ... ›
- Here's how the midterms lay out the path for a New Reconstruction ›
- Metallica's 'not-so-secret' charity gives community colleges $1 ... ›
RELATED ARTICLES AROUND THE WEB
- Wisconsin Community Action Program Association ›
- Is Marathon County A 'Community For All'? Diversity Resolution ... ›
- A 'Community for All'? Not So Fast, This Wisconsin County Says ... ›
---
---
https://www.alternet.org/2020/09/citi-report-sees-16-tn-drag-on-us-economy-from-racism/
---
---
aha 6/11/20 // merriam-webster def changed to reflect systemic not just personal/indiv conscious bigotry
libtard does not want to pay for birth control b/c not woman (and unlikely to get laid] so white refuse to PAY for a sin they did not commit? ignore fact wealth came from subsidized mortgage blacks denied.
==
https://www.alternet.org/2019/06/republicans-want-to-turn-all-discussion-of-race-into-pointless-culture-war-debates/
no lnx AN 619
Republicans want to turn all discussion of race into pointless culture-war debates
written by Sophia Tesfaye / Salon June 20, 2019
It wasn’t slavery. They are concentration camps. Racial slurs are not a youthful indiscretion.
This week has seen a series of culture-war debates dominate the discourse only to be derailed by bad faith arguments about semantics.
First, on Monday, nearly all of the right-wing ecosystem was engaged to defend the honor of Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School senior and gun rights activists Kyle Kashuv after he revealed that his admission to Harvard had been rescinded. At least one of Kashuv’s classmates in Parkland, Florida, released a number of text messages from him which included racist and misogynistic attacks on fellow students, including the description of black athletes as “niggerjocks.”
Kashuv’s texts included repeated use of the word “nigger,” including the observation: “like im really good at typing nigger ok like practice uhhhhhh makes perfect son??!!”
New York Times columnist David Brooks argued that by rejecting Kashuv for his comments, Harvard had set an impossible standard.
“That’s why we try not to judge people by what they did in their worst moment, but rather by how they respond to their worst moment,” Brooks wrote.
Right-wing provocateur Ben Shapiro complained that Kashuv unjustly “underwent a life-changing trauma.”
Ben Shapiro
?
@benshapiro
Regardless of what you think of @KyleKashuv -- and for the record, I think he, like many other Parkland survivors, has handled the public limelight with grace and strength -- Harvard's auto-da-fe sets up an insane, cruel standard no one can possibly meet. https://www.dailywire.com/news/47971/hold-harvard-rescinds-admission-conservative-kyle-ben-shapiro …
18.3K
6:48 AM - Jun 17, 2019
Twitter Ads info and privacy
Harvard Rescinds Admission To Conservative Kyle Kashuv Over Private Racist Remarks He Wrote At 16,...
Our universities may be irrevocably broken.
dailywire.com
12.6K people are talking about this
Report Advertisement
Conservative outlets from the Washington Examiner to the National Review were quick with columns expressing outrage over the injustice of stripping a young right-wing icon from his seat at the country’s most elite academic institution. They said little about Kashuv’s repeated expression of vile and hateful sentiments just two years ago, which is the actual substance of the case. The entirety of the conversation instead revolved around the harm to Kashuv’s reputation and ignored any harm he might potentially have visited on future classmates.
That was the point. By handwaving about Harvard’s admission policy, conservatives were able to dismiss the real scandal of yet another one of their rising stars caught in a racism controversy as an overreaction to “profanity” used by typical teenagers.
“Niggerjock” is not typical teen-speak, but conservatives know that. The countless ensuing responses that had to explain such a basic concept to supposedly high-minded political thinkers this week were necessary but ultimately a waste. What should have been a conversation about the enduring edginess of racism, even amongst some members of Generation Z, was derailed into a debate about how harmless racial slurs are and how little accountability certain teenagers are expected to own.
The very next day, conservatives were once again united in outrage over an issue of semantics, while ignoring the substance.
Report Advertisement
“The U.S. is running concentration camps on our southern border ?— and that is exactly what they are,” Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., said Monday night in an Instagram live video responding to recent reports of overcrowding and maltreatment at the facilities.
This time Republican leadership in the House of Representatives piled on to criticize her use of the term “concentration camp,” not her description of the atrocities occurring at these sites.
“I think Congresswoman AOC needs to apologize,” House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., said. “Not only to the nation but to the world. She does not understand history.”
Rep. Liz Cheney, R-Wyo., the third-ranking House Republican, tweeted: “Please @AOC do us all a favor and spend just a few minutes learning some actual history. 6 million Jews were exterminated in the Holocaust.”
When actor George Takei, who was placed in a U.S. internment camp for Japanese-Americans during World War II, defended Ocasio-Cortez by pointing out that even then those camps did not separate families as the Trump administration, conservative commentators jumped to explain the difference between an internment camp and a concentration camp to him.
Despite the overwhelming current of coverage Ocasio-Cortez’s comments generated, the conditions at these camps still haven’t been highlighted by the press or her conservative detractors. Her point has been ignored and that is deliberate.
Even in official discourse sanctioned by the federal government, like the House hearing on reparations for descendants of slavery and segregation on Wednesday, Republicans successfully managed to hijack the discussion over issues with semantics.
H.R. 40, a bill that aims to create a committee to study and develop proposals for reparations, was finally granted a hearing on Juneteenth, the annual holiday meant to commemorate when the last slaves were freed, nearly three years after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation. Democrats called economists, academics and activists who have studied the issues for decades to testify. Republicans, who largely abstained from attending the hearing, called only a former NFL player and current college student to testify against the need for redress.
Report Advertisement
Coleman Hughes, a Columbia University undergrad and columnist for the right-wing outlet Quillette, dismissed economic and health disparities as a natural occurrence of society unrelated to race or racism. This came right after author and journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates had testified about the devastating legacy of redlining, white flight and employment discrimination on the African-American community, even years after the official end of Jim Crow segregation.
Burgess Owens, a former Oakland Raider turned frequent Fox News guest, inexplicably blamed BET, rappers and baby mamas for the depressed economic status of the black community. He repeatedly brought up the Democratic Party and what he claimed was its support for abortion and open borders to call the party racist and an impediment to progress.
The Republicans who invited such experts displayed even more frustrating dishonesty about the issue.
Rep. Louie Gohmert, R-Texas, discounted the need for hate crime legislation and advocated for the death penalty, tool of a criminal justice system built on racial injustice, with his allotted time. The highest ranking Republican on the committee, Rep. Mike Johnson of Louisiana, used his opening statement to insist that the few Republicans who bothered to show up were operating in good faith, before dismissing reparations as unconstitutional. He then cited Martin Luther King Jr. to call for black excellence as a means to fight continued racism.
These are not good faith arguments and they don’t even deal with the substance of the matter at hand. As one witness responded, the bootstrap myth is a falsehood meant to redirect focus away from the root of the problem: systemic racism.
These hearings are not just about slavery and the first proposed approach is only a study. Yet Republicans refuse even to allow for that.
It is remarkable how unserious the GOP is when faced with real issues of race. But watching elected Republicans squirm when slavery is mentioned or when the memory of concentration camps is invoked makes it worth the effort. These conversations are sorely needed in a country that would elect Donald Trump.
==
619 reparations house hearing
"predatory capitalism" (extraction?)
https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-june-19-2019/
==
==
---
For the first time, most major Democratic presidential contenders are talking about whether the U.S. government should consider paying reparations to the descendants of African Americans who were enslaved and suffered from large-scale racial discrimination.
At least three of these candidates,
of New Jersey, former San Antonio Mayor Julián Castro and Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, support the creation of a commission that would study the impact of slavery and the Jim Crow discrimination against black Americans that continued after emancipation. The commission would make recommendations about how to compensate black Americans for those injustices.
The question of whether the U.S. government should compensate the descendants of enslaved and oppressed African Americans has never gotten this much attention. Even former President Barack Obama deflected this concept while he was in the White House.
As a sociologist who has researched systemic racism and reparations for decades, I can explain why this issue appears to be gaining traction.
[vid] Booker explained in an interview with ‘The Root’ why he supports reparations for African Americans.]
Long history
A major justification for the government paying reparations directly to individuals or establishing other forms of compensation, such as investment in majority-black communities, lies in the harsh reality of the labor stolen from millions of enslaved people from 1619 to 1865. That justification extends to many more millions severely oppressed for the next century and a half – whether through racist segregation laws or informal discrimination authorities did nothing to stop.
Since 1619, when the first enslaved Africans were taken to Jamestown, Virginia, the oppression of black people by whites has been embedded in America’s economic, political, educational and other institutions.
An 18th-century newspaper ad announcing the sale of ‘250 fine healthy negroes.’ AP Photo
Slavery lasted for nearly 250 years, about 60% of U.S. history, including Colonial times. Counting the nearly century-long Jim Crow segregation of African Americans, officially sanctioned racial oppression encompassed more than 80% of U.S. history to date.
The political scientist Thomas Craemer calculated the hours worked by enslaved black workers between 1776 and the official end of slavery. He estimates this uncompensated labor totaled between US$5.9 and $14.2 trillion in current dollars.
As I detailed in my book “Racist America,” trillions more in wealth was effectively stolen from black Americans not just because of enslavement prior to 1776 but during the Jim Crow era through employment discrimination and decades of bureaucratic finagling that caused them to lose farmland.
I estimate that the total cost to black Americans over four centuries of slavery, Jim Crow laws and more contemporary discrimination to be in the $10-$20 trillion range. That’s potentially as big as the nation’s annual economic output.
Wealth accumulation
Georgetown University students recently voted in favor of a new “reconciliation fee” they would pay that would fund reparations to the descendants of 272 enslaved people sold in the 19th century to pay off the school’s debts.
Opponents of this reparations effort, which would require support from the university’s board to take effect, voiced two common arguments against it: Slavery happened too long ago and not all white Americans have slave-owning ancestors. Similar arguments are now commonplace.
The assumption that those debts are owed by and to people now deceased ignores all the money, property and other wealth white Americans alive today inherited from their forebears, including slave owners and many others responsible for depriving blacks of economic and educational opportunities through discrimination. The latter included white overseers, sheriffs and merchants.
Most whites can trace their roots back at least three generations, with many going back between four and 20 generations. That’s longer than most African Americans have had, at least officially, fairly equal socioeconomic opportunities – at most for two generations.
This argument also ignores the benefits white people reaped from the large-scale discrimination suffered by African Americans whose labor was underpaid or stolen for most of U.S. history. Millions of people, many still alive, endured brutal violence and economic discrimination under legal segregation.
What’s more, housing equity – what homeowners possess after subtracting their mortgages – is a main repository of U.S. family wealth. Philosopher Jonathan Kaplan and political scientist Andrew Valls argue that the decades-long housing discrimination that stopped most African Americans from building significant home equity justifies the payment of major reparations.
White-implemented government home-ownership programs after World War II, including mortgage programs for veterans, discriminated on a large scale against blacks. These government programs enabled many millions of white families to move into the middle class. The children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of these whites have since inherited wealth due to the ensuing growth in the value of that housing.
[pix
Blacks couldn’t buy homes after World War II in upwardly mobile communities like Levittown, Pennsylvania. AP Photo/Bill Ingraham
In contrast, black families usually endured housing discrimination after World War II. They were unable to obtain mortgages and were barred by restrictive covenants from buying homes in white areas where housing values rose.
Today’s wealth gap between white and black Americans is substantially the result of government-supported housing and employment discrimination. The median net worth of black families is less than 15% of that of white families, according to the Federal Reserve.
Congress responds
Lawmakers have been reckoning with this question to some degree for two decades. Members of the House have introduced the Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act in every Congress since 1989, albeit without much support.
Both chambers of Congress passed resolutions that officially apologized for African American enslavement and centuries of black oppression, beginning with the House in 2008.
A year later, the Senate version included a disclaimer suggesting a lack of interest in paying reparations: “Nothing in this resolution (A) authorizes or supports any claim against the United States or (B) serves as a settlement of any claim against the United States.”
This reluctance seems puzzling in light of the fact that the U.S. government successfully pressured postwar German governments to pay Holocaust survivors $927 million – worth $8.84 billion today – in compensation as part of the 1952 Luxembourg Agreement.
And after the passage of a 1998 reparations law, the U.S. government also modestly compensated some 82,000 Japanese Americans who were discriminatorily incarcerated as “enemy aliens” during World War II with $20,000 payments made to each surviving person who had been detained.
To be sure, broad public support for reparations has yet to materialize outside Congress either.
The latest polling indicates that most Americans still oppose paying reparations that would compensate African Americans for the centuries of life-shortening racial discrimination and exploitation they and their ancestors endured.
More diversity
Perhaps the best explanation for why Democrats angling for the presidency increasingly support reparations is simple.
It’s their base.
Nearly half of voters who cast ballots in 2016 Democratic primaries were nonwhite, and Congress is more racially and ethnically diverse than ever before.
The growing importance of black, Latino and Asian American voters and leaders reflects the dramatic demographic changes underway in the U.S. Americans of color are now a majority in California, Texas, Hawaii, New Mexico and the District of Columbia.
By the 2020s, whites are likely to become a minority in Arizona, Nevada, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, New York and New Jersey.
By the 2040s whites will likely be a minority overall, and soon thereafter most voters will be people of color
==