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<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">ties to ussr ukraine ologarchs 2x?</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Until recently, oligarch was a byword for Roman Abramovich, the billionaire owner of Chelsea FC.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But over the last 12 months, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/oleg-deripaska" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" data-component="auto-linked-tag" class="u-underline" style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(0, 86, 137); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">Oleg Deripaska</a>, a 40-year-old metals tycoon, has dominated the headlines.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to Forbes magazine, in May he overtook Abramovich as Russia's richest man, with a $28.6bn (£16.8bn) fortune.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">His extraordinary wealth is based on the ownership of the world's leading aluminium company.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In an interview with the Guardian last year, he shrugged off the suggestion he was very well off. Asked how much he was worth, he replied: "I don't know." Recently, he has been a high-profile victim of the credit crisis.</p><aside class="element element-rich-link element-rich-link--tag element--thumbnail element-rich-link--upgraded" data-component="rich-link-tag" data-link-name="rich-link-tag" style="float: left; margin: 0.3125rem 1.25rem 0.75rem -15rem; clear: both; width: 13.75rem; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rich-link tone-news--item " style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); margin: 0px; position: relative; overflow: hidden;"><div class="rich-linkcontainer" style="position: relative;"><div class="rich-linkimage-container u-responsive-ratio" style="width: 220px; padding-bottom: 132px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; transition: background-color 0.25s ease; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392);"><img src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/0fcd5dff58c9ca73181b3bbbca837a6968a696d8/0_0_2083_1250/2083.jpg?w=460&q=55&auto=format&usm=12&fit=max&s=d5e52d4d36a166509895503a7a5880b8" itemprop="contentURL" style="border: 0px; width: 220px; height: 132px; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px;" /></div><div class="rich-linkheader" style="font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.5rem; font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web", "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; padding: 0.25rem 0.3125rem 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 2.25rem;"><h1 class="rich-linktitle" style="margin: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px;"><a class="rich-linklink" style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; color: inherit; cursor: pointer;">The stories you need to read, in one handy email</a></h1></div><div class="rich-linkread-more" style="padding-left: 0.3125rem;"><div class="rich-linkarrow" style="display: inline-block;"><span class="inline-arrow-in-circle inline-icon " style="fill: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><svg width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="inline-arrow-in-circlesvg inline-iconsvg"><path class="rich-linkarrow-icon" d="M12 0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12s5.373 12 12 12 12-5.373 12-12S18.627 0 12 0m.21 19l-.637-.668 4.888-6.326H4.996v-1.01h11.465l-4.888-6.333.637-.668L19 11.153v.685l-6.79 7.157" fill="#005689" fill-rule="evenodd" /></svg></span></div> <div class="rich-linkread-more-text" style="font-size: 0.875rem; font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web", "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; display: inline-block; height: 1.875rem; line-height: 1.625rem; padding-left: 0.125rem; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(0, 86, 137);">Read more</div></div><a class="rich-linklink u-faux-block-link__overlay" href="https://www.theguardian.com/info/2015/dec/08/daily-email-uk" style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; top: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-indent: 200%; white-space: nowrap; position: absolute; z-index: 0; opacity: 0;" /></div></div></aside><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Deripaska's friendship with British politicians has placed him at the centre of controversy. He has met the business secretary, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/peter-mandelson" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" data-component="auto-linked-tag" class="u-underline" style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(0, 86, 137); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">Peter Mandelson</a>, when Mandelson was the EU's trade commissioner.</b></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Moscow's Pushkin cafe, an elite pre-revolutionary restaurant favoured by Russia's elite, was one dinner venue.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Also present, according to a political blog written by Mandelson's former special adviser Benjamin Wegg-Prosser, was Nathaniel Rothschild, a friend not only of Mandelson but of the shadow chancellor, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/georgeosborne" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" data-component="auto-linked-tag" class="u-underline" style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; color: rgb(0, 86, 137); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">George Osborne</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to today's Times newspaper, Rothschild says Deripaska entertained Osborne on his yacht in Corfu last summer.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Andrew Feldman, the Tory party's chief fundraiser, was there. Feldman tried to solicit a £50,000 donation for the Tories from Deripaska, it is alleged, though this is denied....</b></p></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The <b>Conservative Party</b>, officially the <b>Conservative and Unionist Party</b>, is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-right" title="Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">centre-right</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">political party</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United Kingdom</a>. It is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">majority party</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">House of Commons</a>, having won 330 seats at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election,2015" title="United Kingdom general election, 2015" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2015 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a></sup> Between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/55th_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="55th Parliament of the United Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2010-15</a>, it was the largest single party with 303 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members_of_Parliament" title="Members of Parliament" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Members of Parliament</a> and governed in coalition with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democrats" title="Liberal Democrats" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Liberal Democrats</a>. It is the largest party in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">local government</a> with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">8,296 councillors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Keith_Edkins_7-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#cite_note-Keith_Edkins-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tories(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tory Party</a>—giving rise to the Conservatives' colloquial name of <b>Tories</b>—and was one of two dominant parties in the 19th century, along with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Liberal Party</a>. In the 1920s, the Liberal vote greatly diminished and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Labour Party</a> became the Conservatives' main rivals. Conservative Prime Ministers led governments for 57 years of the 20th century, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Winston Churchill</a> (1940–45, 1951–55) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Margaret Thatcher</a> (1979–90). Thatcher's tenure led to wide-ranging <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization" title="Economic liberalization" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">economic liberalisation</a> and saw the Conservatives become the most <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">eurosceptic</a> of the three major parties.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Conservatives are the joint-second largest British party in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">European Parliament</a>, with twenty <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">MEPs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a></sup> and sit with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists" title="European Conservatives and Reformists" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">European Conservatives and Reformists</a> (ECR) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">parliamentary group</a>. The party is a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_European_Conservatives_and_Reformists" title="Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists</a> (AECR) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Europarty</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Democrat_Union" title="International Democrat Union" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">International Democrat Union</a> (IDU).</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The party is the third-largest in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Scottish Parliament</a> and second-largest in the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales" title="National Assembly for Wales" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Welsh Assembly</a>. The Conservatives were formerly allied to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ulster Unionist Party</a>(UUP) in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Northern Ireland</a> but there is now a separate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Conservatives" title="Northern Ireland Conservatives" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Northern Ireland Conservative</a>party similar to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Conservative_Party" title="Welsh Conservative Party" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Welsh</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Conservative_Party" title="Scottish Conservative Party" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Scottish</a> Conservative parties.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 13.3000001907349px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13.3000001907349px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 12.5020008087158px;"> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </span></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Origins_in_the_Whig_Party" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Origins in the Whig Party</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Conservatives_and_Unionists.281867.E2.80.931965.29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Conservatives and Unionists (1867–1965)</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#First_World_War" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">First World War</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#1920.E2.80.931945" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">1920–1945</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#1945.E2.80.931963" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">1945–1963</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Popular_dissatisfaction" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Popular dissatisfaction</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Modernising_the_party" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Modernising the party</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Edward_Heath" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Edward Heath</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Margaret_Thatcher" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Margaret Thatcher</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#John_Major" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">John Major</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Back_in_opposition:William_Hague" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Back in opposition: William Hague</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Iain_Duncan_Smith_and_Michael_Howard" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.10</span> <span class="toctext">Iain Duncan Smith and Michael Howard</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#David_Cameron.282010.E2.80.93present.29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1.11</span> <span class="toctext">David Cameron (2010–present)</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Policies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Policies</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Economic_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economic policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Social_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Social policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Foreign_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign policy</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Welfare" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Welfare</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Defence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Defence</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Afghanistan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Afghanistan</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Strategic_Defence_and_Security_Review" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Strategic Defence and Security Review</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Europe_and_NATO" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Europe and NATO</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Nuclear_weapons" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Nuclear weapons</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Health_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Health policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Drug_policies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Drug policies</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Education_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Education policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Jobs_and_welfare_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Jobs and welfare policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Energy.2Fclimate_change_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Energy/climate change policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Justice_and_crime_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.10</span> <span class="toctext">Justice and crime policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#European_Union_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.11</span> <span class="toctext">European Union policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Union_policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.12</span> <span class="toctext">Union policy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#The_British_Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2.13</span> <span class="toctext">The British Constitution</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Organisation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Organisation</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Party_structure" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Party structure</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Membership" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Membership</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Conservative_Future" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Conservative Future</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Funding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Funding</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#International_organisations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">International organisations</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Party_factions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Party factions</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#One-nation_Conservatives" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">One-nation Conservatives</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Free-market_Conservatives" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Free-market Conservatives</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Traditionalist_Conservatives" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Traditionalist Conservatives</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Relationships_between_the_factions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Relationships between the factions</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Electoral_performance" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Electoral performance</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Associated_groups" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Associated groups</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Ideological_groups" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ideological groups</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Interest_groups" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Interest groups</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Think_tanks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Think tanks</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Alliances" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Alliances</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Party_structures" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Party structures</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#See_also" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#Bibliography_and_further_reading" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography and further reading</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2><div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6;">
Origins in the Whig Party</span>Main articles: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="History of the Conservative Party" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">History of the Conservative Party</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Conservative_Party" title="Leaders of the Conservative Party" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Leaders of the Conservative Party</a></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Conservative Party traces its origins to a faction, rooted in the 18th-century <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Whig_Party" title="British Whig Party" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Whig Party</a>, that coalesced around <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Pitt the Younger</a> (Prime Minister of Great Britain 1783–1801 and 1804–1806). They were known as "Independent Whigs", "Friends of Mr Pitt", or "Pittites". After Pitt's death the term "Tory" came into use. This was an allusion to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Tory_party" title="British Tory party" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tories</a>, a political grouping that had existed from 1678, but which had no organisational continuity with the Pittite party. From about 1812 on the name "Tory" was commonly used for the newer party.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The term "Conservative" was suggested as a title for the party by a magazine article by J. Wilson Croker in the <i>Quarterly Review</i> in 1830. The name immediately caught on and was officially adopted under the aegis of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sir Robert Peel</a> around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamworth_Manifesto" title="Tamworth Manifesto" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tamworth Manifesto</a>. The term "Conservative Party" rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></p></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Generous Financier</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Monckton has always refused to give up the name of the financier who paid him generously to investigate climate science who and set him on the path of attacking scientists in talks in the United States and Australia ever since.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However, an investigation by DeSmog UK has established that the mystery man is Edgar Miller, a right-wing American who claims to have significant influence in the Conservative Party and who boasts of h<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">aving made a fortune from early investments in shale gas development [15].</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Miller was born in Bailey County, Texas [16], but moved to Britain almost 40 years ago. He is a serial investor and entrepreneur, having directed companies with names like Palladian Software Limited, Maxwell Espinosa and UK Israel Business.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The climate denier is a political animal, claiming to have met Margaret Thatcher “on several occasions.” He is also close to Peter Lilley MP and Andrew Tyrie – the unsung hero of Tory climate denial.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.92px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Kenneth Harry Clarke</b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" title="Companion of Honour" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">CH</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" title="Queen's Counsel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">QC</a> (born 2 July 1940), often known as <b>Ken Clarke</b>, is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_people" title="British people" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">British</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Conservative</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician" title="Politician" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">politician</a> who has represented <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rushcliffe(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rushcliffe (UK Parliament constituency)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Rushcliffe</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nottinghamshire</a> as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament(UK)" title="Member of Parliament (UK)" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Member of Parliament</a> since <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election,1970" title="United Kingdom general election, 1970" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1970</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.92px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Clarke, one of the UK's best-known politicians, has been described by the press as a "Big Beast". He served in various<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Cabinet" title="UK Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">British Cabinets</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Home Secretary</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Justice" title="Secretary of State for Justice" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Education Secretary</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Health" title="Secretary of State for Health" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Health Secretary</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_without_Portfolio" title="Minister without Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Minister without Portfolio</a>. He has been the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tory_Reform_Group" title="Tory Reform Group" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">President of the Tory Reform Group</a> since 1997.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.92px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Clarke contested the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Conservative Party leadership</a> three times – in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)leadership_election,1997" title="Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 1997" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1997</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)leadership_election,2001" title="Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 2001" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2001</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party(UK)leadership_election,_2005" title="Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 2005" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2005</a> – being defeated each time.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Opinion polls</a> indicated he was more popular with the general public than with his Party, whose generally <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro-sceptic" title="Euro-sceptic" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Euro-sceptic</a>stance did not chime with his pro-European views. Notably, he is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Europe_Group" title="Conservative Europe Group" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">President of the Conservative Europe Group</a>, Co-President of the pro-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU" title="EU" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">EU</a> body <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Influence" title="British Influence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">British Influence</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Movement_UK" title="European Movement UK" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Vice-President of the European Movement UK</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.2px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.92px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Clarke's time as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Minister" title="Cabinet Minister" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cabinet Minister</a> is the fifth-longest in the modern era, having spent over 20 years serving under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Prime Ministers</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Margaret Thatcher</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John Major</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">David Cameron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-size: 11.2px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.92px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 13.3px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13.3px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 12.502px;"> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </span></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Early_life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Early life</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Member_of_Parliament" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Member of Parliament</span></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Ministerial_positions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Ministerial positions</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Chancellor of the Exchequer</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Backbencher" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Backbencher</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Promotion_to_the_Shadow_Cabinet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Promotion to the Shadow Cabinet</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Lord_Chancellor_and_Justice_Secretary" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Lord Chancellor and Justice Secretary</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Minister_without_Portfolio" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">2.6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Minister without Portfolio</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Expenses_scandal" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Expenses scandal</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Corporate_and_other_work" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Corporate and other work</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Media_work" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Media work</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#Personal_life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Personal life</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Clarke#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 17.92px; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</h2></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.conservativehome.com/parliament/2008/06/andrew-tyrie-mp.html</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There is not a scientific consensus: "I note that
the only reliable survey that has been conducted of 550 of the world’s
leading climate scientists says that two thirds are convinced that most
of the observed warming is related to human action. In other words, a
third are not convinced of that. It is worth bearing in mind that many
of the so-called 2,500 scientists in the IPCC process vehemently
disagree with the panel’s conclusions, even though they support the
section on the science in the main report on which they have worked."
</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The dangers of unilateral action: "No other country has
been foolish enough to consider such a measure. It is a profound
mistake to take the unilateralist route. First, we contribute only 2
per cent. of global emissions. Secondly, if we go ahead unilaterally,
the UK will be disproportionately hit because we will increase our cost
base when other countries have not increased theirs. A third reason is
that although UK emissions will fall, they will reappear, probably at
even higher levels, as the industries that we closed down with our
higher cost base reopen in China and elsewhere. Finally, once we have
acted unilaterally, the Chinese will have every incentive to delay an
international agreement. That point has not been made at all today.
After all, why should they rush to agree anything when they can acquire
our industrial base and those of other countries silly enough to go it
alone? It is regrettable that the Government have not even thought
through the issue enough to make the Bill’s implementation conditional
on some action by others. At least the EU approach to cutting carbon
emissions contains some conditionality."</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The hounding of climate change sceptics: "The subject
has acquired some of the characteristics of a religion: apocalyptic
predictions abound, and they make good copy. Over nearly 20 years since
I first looked at the issue when I was at the Treasury working for John
Major, I have become saddened by the way in which the calmer voices of
many orthodox scientists and economists, particularly those who do not
agree with the current policy prescriptions, have often been drowned
out. All the incentives are against speaking up about the subject. Some
have described Professor Lindzen of Massachusetts Institute of
Technology as the father of modern climate change. He wrote recently
that “scientists who dissent from…alarmism have seen their grant funds
disappear, their work derided, and themselves libelled as industry
stooges, scientific hacks or worse… Only the most senior scientist
today can stand up to this alarmist gale.” I have spoken to a number
of the UK’s most senior specialists on the subject, and some feel
similarly coerced. I shall read to the House a quotation from one of
the major businesses in the UK. It says that “the more one looks
behind…climate change policy…the more it is based on patent
absurdities… Anybody who reveals the truth is scorned.” A leading
economist has said: “I have learnt that to say anything about the
subject is to be assailed by fundamentalist crackpots.” Those people
are concerned about speaking up but cajoled into not doing so. That is
a bad climate in which to take such decisions as this Bill."</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div></div></div></div>