Energy and Environ Jrnl

=<div>presents as peer review, but bogus/punked</div><div>see also climate res de freitas vons storch B&S BS</div><div>
</div><div></div><div>
</div><div><div></div><div>who are the 3%?</div><div>
</div><div><p class="p" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--vertical-spacing); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6; vertical-align: baseline; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; word-break: break-word; hyphens: manual;">Among all articles included in our sample, 30 per cent were from journals that previously published abstracts that implicitly or explicitly rejected AGW.<a class="xref fn" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#fn8" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Footnote<sup class="sup" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; position: relative; bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 0.75em !important;">8</a> Of these articles, 69 per cent were published by contrarian experts. While evaluating these journals is beyond the scope of this article, <a class="xref table" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#tab05" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Table 5</a> shows not only the number of articles published in these journals by contrarians (overall and by experts) in our sample, but also the range of journals that published these authors. [table 5]<p class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--vertical-spacing); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6; vertical-align: baseline; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; word-break: break-word; hyphens: manual;">Another 9 per cent of articles in our overall sample (of which experts authored 45 per cent) were from known “contrarian” journals (Benestad <a class="xref bibr" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#ref8" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Benestad2013</a>; Benestad et al. <a class="xref bibr" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#ref9" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Benestad2016</a>; Kinne <a class="xref bibr" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#ref35" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Kinne2003</a>; Wagner <a class="xref bibr" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#ref74" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Wagner2011</a>). <span class="italic" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Energy & Environment, for example, has long been known as a publication friendly to climate science contrarians. In fact, it provided 131 of the “more than 900+ papers that supported climate change scepticism,” including one (included in our dataset) by Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas (Hope <a class="xref bibr" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#ref28" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Hope2018</a>, para. 3; see also Soon and Baliunas <a class="xref bibr" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#ref68" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Soon and Baliunas2003</a>). <p class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--vertical-spacing); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6; vertical-align: baseline; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; word-break: break-word; hyphens: manual;">
<p class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--vertical-spacing); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6; vertical-align: baseline; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; word-break: break-word; hyphens: manual;">A shorter version of their paper, published in <span class="italic" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Climate Research just months prior, had already faced significant criticism—including from the journal's then-editor in chief, who ultimately resigned in protest over the controversy (Ward <a class="xref bibr" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#ref76" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Ward2015</a>, para. 6).<a class="xref fn" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#fn9" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Footnote<sup class="sup" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; position: relative; bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 0.75em !important;">9</a> Despite these criticisms, the authors expanded on the article and published it in <span class="italic" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Energy & Environment, spearheaded by then-Editor in Chief Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen (yet another prominent contrarian in our sample). SAGE Publishing took over the journal in 2018 and has since “overhauled its peer review practices bringing it into line with SAGE standards” (Hope <a class="xref bibr" href="https://www-cambridge-org.oca.ucsc.edu/core/journals/british-journal-of-political-science/article/who-are-the-3-per-cent-the-connections-among-climate-change-contrarians/A4664E239F0774A37C20FE03689B34DD#ref28" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;"><span class="show-for-sr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: -1px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap;">Reference Hope2018</a>, para. 2). Not surprisingly, however, all articles in our sample from <span class="italic" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">E<span class="italic" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">nergy & Environment were published prior to the end of Boehmer-Christiansen's editorship....</div><div>=</div></div><div>=</div><div>desmog cred:sm Biology, University of Chicago (1975). <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/patrick-michaels#s1" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">[1]</a><ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li>Biological Sciences, University of Chicago (1971). <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/patrick-michaels#s1" style="text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></li><li>Special Graduate Committee on Ecological Climatology (1979). <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/patrick-michaels#s1" style="text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></li><li>...</li></ul><div>...Michaels has published numerous research papers in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">peer-reviewed</a> journals in the area of climate. Michaels has co-published many of his studies with well known climate skeptics. He was co-published numerous papers with <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Paul C. Knappenberger</a>, <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/robert-e-davis" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Robert E. Davis</a>, <a href="http://sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_Douglass" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">David Douglass</a>, and <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/s-fred-singer" style="text-decoration-line: none;">S. Fred Singer</a>.</div>Some of Michaels's papers were published in <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Climate_Research%28journal%29" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Climate Research</a> journal around the time that climate skeptic <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/chris-de-freitas" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Chris de Freitas</a> was serving as one of the journal's editors. <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/skeptics-prefer-pal-review-over-peer-review-chris-de-freitas-pat-michaels-and-their-pals-1997-2003" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Half of the journal's editors resigned </a>over poor quality control in mid-2003. <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/patrick-michaels#s81" style="text-decoration-line: none;">[81]</a>Additionally, he has published some of his papers in the journal Energy and Environment, run by climate skeptic <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); text-decoration-line: none;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen</a>. Christiansen has <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/skeptics.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">described (PDF)</a> her journal as a place for skeptics to go when their papers are rejected by more mainstream science journals.<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/patrick-michaels#s82" style="text-decoration-line: none;"> [82]</a>For example:... </div><div><div>=</div><div>320</div><div><a href="https://www.drillednews.com/post/fake-science-is-a-real-danger">https://www.drillednews.com/post/fake-science-is-a-real-danger</a></div><div>
</div><div><p class="XzvDs 208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Back in the mid-aughts, I was an editor at Environmental Science & Technology. It's the top peer-reviewed journal for researchers who study complex environmental problems and their impacts, including air, water, and toxic chemical pollution. I worked in the news section, making these studies understandable to average readers, as well as scientists and physicians who were unfamiliar with environmental research. <div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">But over time, I noticed that much of the “new research” we published wasn’t terribly unique. If ES&T put out a study finding that a particular chemical seemed to be toxic to children, or <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/20/science/a-dogs-best-friend-in-stormy-weather.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">The New York Times covered</a> one of our “blockbuster” air pollution studies, I could search for 10 minutes and find multiple papers with similar findings. What was the point of spending all this time and money to study the environment and public health if nothing was being done to address the problems?<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">During this period, I started hearing complaints from some environmental scientists, that the industries whose products and technologies they studied were funding research to undermine findings that those products harmed public health. At first I thought this couldn’t be true. I had studied biology in college and believed that science was an objective process to reveal the world’s mysteries. <div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Then I met Fred Vom Saal.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Around 2004, I’d been chosen to attend an exclusive science conference on toxic chemicals, along with Vom Saal, a University of Missouri professor of reproductive biology. Vom Saal studied a chemical in plastics called bisphenol-A, or BPA. In humans and other animals BPA mimics estrogen, meaning it can disrupt our body’s hormonal system. According to Vom Saal, industry-funded scientists were attacking his research by repeating his studies, but with slight changes in the protocols so that the problems he’d discovered with BPA wouldn’t turn up. With these studies in hand, companies then claimed that Vom Saal’s research was shoddy.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">I listened to Vom Saal rant for about 30 minutes one summer afternoon during a break in the conference, then exited politely. Science, like every profession, attracts its share of crazies. It was easier for me to accept that Vom Saal was a tad delusional than to believe that industry scientists manipulated research.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">But then I started hearing about Tyrone Hayes, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley. Hayes was studying atrazine, a <a href="https://news.berkeley.edu/2010/03/01/frogs/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">widely-applied herbicide</a> that controls weeds and increases crop yields in corn and sorghum. Scientists were discovering that this chemical was the most common pesticide contaminant of ground and surface waters, and finding it in some drinking water wells, too. Hayes’ research showed that atrazine interfered with testosterone, chemically castrating some animals and turning males into females.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">The next question should have been: What was atrazine doing to humans?<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">But like Vom Saal, Hayes contended that corporate scientists were publishing studies that nearly mirrored his own, with slight changes in protocol to get results that found no problems with atrazine. According to Hayes, these studies <a href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/54/12/1138/330110" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">were part of an orchestrated campaign</a> to make him appear incompetent. But Hayes struck me as an odd fellow and a bit eccentric. As with Vom Saal, I had my doubts about him.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Then along came climate scientist Michael Mann.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the summer of 2005, Congressman Joe Barton, R-Texas, began investigating Mann, along with several other climate scientists, for allegedly making “methodological flaws and data errors.” <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/wsj.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Barton demanded information</a> on their financial backing from government agencies and access to their data and computer codes. He questioned their relationships to organizations studying climate change. It seemed like a juicy story that was right in line with ES&T's science news coverage, so I contacted sources to learn more and begin writing stories.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Because ES&T didn’t cover climate change, I knew little to nothing about climate science. What I did know came from reading the mainstream news, which put across climate science as controversial, and climate researchers' many troubling claims about global warming as overblown. But I also knew that these outlets were probably getting the story wrong, because of an interaction I’d had the year before with some fellow reporters at the annual conference of the Society of Environmental Journalists. <div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">One day at the conference, while six or seven of us were standing in a circle during a break, the conversation shifted to climate change. Because I didn’t know much about the subject, I kept asking the others questions, trying to understand whether the research was any good. A woman who covered the environment for a newspaper out west began laughing, saying that there were about a dozen scientists who said that climate science was nonsense. She kept contact information around for all 12 of them, she told us, because her editors required her to put one of these doubters in every story to provide journalistic “balance." <div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Several reporters in the circle giggled. This was my first hint that what I was reading in the media on climate science might be overemphasizing contrarian opinions. Because what everyone in that circle already knew, and I was learning, was that by 2004 thousands of climate experts around the world had published research showing global warming was real, and mostly caused by carbon dioxide pollution from burning oil, coal, and gas.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">My article about Barton’s investigation of Michael Mann quoted several experts who told me the affair was a “witch hunt.” But a question kept nagging at me: Why had Barton started this investigation in the first place? It didn’t make any sense. So I began looking at the entire sequence of events that led up to it.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">In his letter demanding information and records, <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/wsj.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Barton had referenced a front-page article</a> in The Wall Street Journal that discussed research published by Stephen McIntyre, a retired mining consultant. In several of these papers, <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/wsj.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">McIntyre had poked holes in Mann’s</a> research. At this point in time, some journalists and activists were beginning to expose many of the scientists questioning climate science as industry lackeys. But McIntyre was retired, creating the appearance of independence from any extraction industry and greater credibility.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">On a lark, I called up McIntyre’s former employer. Surprise! I caught him still working for industry. Then I looked into the journal Energy & Environment, where McIntyre had published some studies. It turned out to be <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/skeptics.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 102); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">a sad publication</a> without any substantive peer review process, and operated by an editor without any science credentials — but who assured me that while she didn’t have any training in science, <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/skeptics.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 102); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">her husband had</a> a doctorate in physics.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">In short, Barton had launched an investigation based on a Wall Street Journal article with some pretty flimsy reporting. Commenting on this article, former Journal editor <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/wsj.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Frank Allen told me</a>, “It was a strange story ’cause it had this bizarre undertone of being investigative but it didn’t investigate. And this piece — what I thought was bothersome about it — it purported to be authoritative, and it’s just full of holes.”<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fred Vom Saal, Tyrone Hayes, and Michael Mann: Three different academics, working in different fields, who didn’t know each other, but who each had a story about industry campaigns to undermine their research. Was I a magnet for paranoid fringe voices in science, or were they telling the truth?<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Then I began noticing a link between climate change and smoking. Whenever a group or public expert said that climate change isn’t real, it turned out that about 10 years prior, in the mid-’90s, they were likely to have said that smoking isn’t harmful. I found this out by going through a new archive that the University of California, San Francisco had put online, called <a href="https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">the Tobacco Archives</a>.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Digging through these documents, I found that many prominent scientists had worked for the tobacco industry, and that cigarette companies had funded science organizations and nonprofits to cast doubt on the science that showed nicotine was addictive, and smoking a health hazard. It was all very confusing. So I began contacting other reporters and scientists, asking if they knew about this and what they thought it meant.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">One winter afternoon, I got a call from a reporter named Mark Hertsgaard, asking what I knew about the links between tobacco defenders and climate denial. By this time, I had spent dozens of weekend and late night hours going through the Tobacco Archive. So I pointed <a href="https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/results/#q=%22frederick%20seitz%22&h=%7B%22hideDuplicates%22%3Atrue%2C%22hideFolders%22%3Atrue%7D&subsite=tobacco&cache=true&count=694" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">him to documents showing</a> that a scientist named Frederick Seitz had worked with R.J. Reynolds to downplay the dangers of tobacco. Seitz wasn’t some nobody: He had been president of Rockefeller University and <a href="http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/history/highlights/frederick-seitz.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">president of the National Academies of Sciences</a>. When Mark and I spoke, Seitz was still revered as one of the most prominent scientists in America. <div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hertsgaard wrote about Seitz’s work for tobacco and other companies for a <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/05/warming200605?verso=true" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">2006 Vanity Fair cover story</a>, confirming that some industries were corrupting the field of science.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">I also began to see how corporations influenced the media. While reading the Tobacco Archive one night, I discovered that tobacco companies were paying a Fox News science columnist named Steven J. Milloy, who regularly attacked scientists and journalists reporting on chemical and tobacco harms. In my article about Milloy <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/104858/smoked-out" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">for The New Republic</a>, I noted that Eamon Javers of BusinessWeek had caught Scripps Howard columnist Michael Fumento receiving about $60,000 in 1999 from Monsanto, a multi-billion-dollar player in the agricultural biotech sector that Fumento covered. The funding, which Fumento had not disclosed to Scripps Howard, had been routed through a conservative think tank called the Hudson Institute. <div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">The growing evidence eventually forced me to change my precious thinking that science is always an objective search for the truth. In fact, corporate money is often skewing that journey, and if we look hard enough, we can find disinformation campaigns designed to protect all sorts of harmful products. <div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the years since I figured this out, the public television series <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nature/interviews/vomsaal.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Frontline has documented</a> the disinformation operation that companies ran against Fred Vom Saal. The New Yorker magazine has <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/02/10/a-valuable-reputation" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">profiled Tyrone Hayes and</a> the corporate campaign to smear him. Michael Mann has detailed the fossil energy industry’s harassment of himself and other climate scientists in a best-selling book, <a href="https://michaelmann.net/books/hockey-stick" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars</a>,<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;">Industries create these campaigns because they are effective at confusing the public and the press about science, which helps to slow or stop policy changes that would require stronger anti-pollution laws, or taking products off the market. Today disinformation has become its own industry, one that distorts not only climate science, but most areas of research where studies might influence how the government regulates corporations.<div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/104858/smoked-out" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Scripps Howard later fired</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> Fumento, who <a href="https://www.salon.com/2012/05/24/my_break_with_the_extreme_right/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">publicly denounced extreme right disinformation campaigns</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> in 2012. He recently wrote <a href="https://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2019/03/12/ignore_the_ominous_headlines_about_glyphosate_in_food_103659.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">a supportive opinion piece for Monsanto's glyphosate</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> pesticide. Milloy remains a mouthpiece for industry, and was a member of Donald Trump's <a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060050546/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">transition team for the Environmental Protection Agency</a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">.</div><div></div></div><div>
</div><div>
<div>desmog uk</div><div>
</div><div>epic history series post reveals how the ExxonMobil-funded International Policy Network think tank took over a scientific publication as “guest editor”.The real coup de grâce for <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/julian-morris" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Julian Morris</a> came in 2005, when he persuaded his friend and fellow sceptic, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen,</a> (pictured) to allow staff at his UK think tank, the International Policy Network (IPN) to “guest edit” her Energy and Environment journal.This was startling: a free market think tank, funded by an oil company that was actively engaged in attacking climate science to protect its own financial interests, had taken over a scientific publication.Boehmer-Christiansen, speaking to me, claimed she had no idea Morris was bankrolled by ExxonMobil when she agreed to hand over control of the journal. Energy and Environment was, however, known for <a href="http://www.desmog.uk/2014/11/30/mcintyre-mission-obsessive-quest-disprove-michael-mann-hockey-stick" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">publishing papers written by climate change sceptics</a>.Research FundingShe said: “He broadened our perspective quite a lot… He was doing a PhD; he visited me once in London and we had a long discussion which might have included me doing the supervising or something… I have been to his office when it was near Covent Garden when he did edit this special issue.”Asked if she knew at that time that the IPN was funded by ExxonMobil, she said: “I would not have been aware of it at the time; all I knew was that he was very much in favour of free markets… I totally wasn’t aware of it.”She added: “In America, and to some extent in Germany, the funding of research by big corporations and industry foundations is the main source of income.“As long as it is declared, then people can make up their own minds. I don’t know to what extent it influences their positions; I think it is the other way round. You have a position and then the people who endorse this might give you money.”Asked whether in the future she would ask contributors to Energy and Environment to declare funding, she responded: “Honestly, I have never thought of that… We did publish some very interesting, strange stuff on the latest state in nuclear. I must say, it hadn’t occurred to me to ask whether… the nuclear industry had funded it. It is something one could consider and think about.”She also confirmed that she had received a small benefit from a fossil fuel company once: a flight paid by an Australian mining company.Economic AgendaBoehmer-Christiansen noted that she did eventually grow apart from Morris and other fevered supporters of the free market because she was concerned their ideological position could distort their approach to the science.“I got a little bit worried [that] the economic right were trying to capture the whole issue and I think this is becoming a problem for them,” she said.“[In America] I have been to a conference full of Tea Party people [looking] to an extreme, politically, economically right wing solution, or agenda. It hasn’t done the science any good. I think I have distanced myself a little from the think tanks, which are primarily about right wing economics.”Boehmer-Christiansen explained how her thinking came in part due to a series of meetings with Morris and his wife Kendra Okonski: “I came to the conclusion that their own personal agenda was more of an economic one. I am still a member of the British Labour Party and have been brought up a Communist. I can’t quite be anti-state in all circumstances, you know.”Next time, we continue with the sceptics’ hunt for any evidence that Mann had manipulated science in producing his hockey stick graph.</div><div>
<div>iccc2</div><div>
</div><div><h2 style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; clear: both; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 153, 255); line-height: 1.5em;">Madhav Khandekar</h2>Day Job: Meteorologist, Environment Canada (retired)Industry Ties: An "expert" at Heartland, a member of International Climate Science CoalitionClimate Expertise: "According to a search of 22,000 academic journals, Khandekar has published 19 pieces of research in peer-reviewed journals, mainly in the area of El Nino and climate. Many of his papers on climate change were published in the journal Energy and Environment, a journal which has been criticized for its peer review process and which is edited by global warming skeptic Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen," DeSmogBlog reported.He said it: "I don't see that CO2 is inducing any climate change. CO2 may have induced <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=1115" style="outline: none; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">a small amount of warming</a> that we saw in the 80's and 90's but more importantly CO2 is an inert gas, it is not a pollutant."</div><div>
</div><div><h2 style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; clear: both; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 153, 255); line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dr. Craig Loehle</h2>Day Job: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Craig_Loehle" style="outline: none; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">Scientist</a> for the paper industry's National Council for Air and Stream ImprovementIndustry Ties: Expert for The Heartland Institute.Fox News guest: <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/11/21/un-climate-distractions/" style="outline: none; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">Cited</a> on FoxNews.comClimate Expertise: Several of his papers related to climate were published in <a href="http://multi-science.metapress.com/content/r774378p6325n24g/" style="outline: none; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the</a> <a href="http://multi-science.metapress.com/content/cw17434027026726/" style="outline: none; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">skeptic</a> <a href="http://multi-science.metapress.com/content/dxk28g4662481342/" style="outline: none; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">journal</a> Energy & Environment.He said it: "I am not <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/craig-loehle" style="outline: none; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">part of a conspiracy</a> and am not directed by anyone ... Only a fraction of my work concerns climate change."</div><div>
<div>srcwtch</div><div>
</div><div>Dr Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen was born in Dresden, East Germany and has lived in Australia and is an Australian National according to her submission to the Garnaut Review<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a>. She also appears to be a British subject is a declared member of the Labour Party, and is a reader in Geography at the University of Hull. She served as an IPCC reviewer of the third assessment report working group III <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[2]</a>
Dr Boehmer-Christiansen claims<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a> to be "an ‘expert’ on the science and politics of global warming since the late 1980s". This is contrasted by her skeptical contribution to the BBC's report<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> on scientific expertise in climate science by Anderegg & Prall et al where she opines "Who judges expertise and prominence? It looks to me that the authors belong to an IPCC supporting group that must count as believers and belong to the beneficiaries of the man-made warming scare.""Many of the motives of supporters of 'green' solutions and ideas are suspect and the political ignorance or naivetey of environmentalists are a concern to me" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.hull.ac.uk/geog/html/boehmer.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">[16]</a>She has written for Spiked <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a> and is a shareholder of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/LM_Group" title="LM Group" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">LM Group</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a>Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen was a doctoral student in international relations at the University of Sussex 1976-1981, a Senior Fellow at SPRU 1986-1995, and a Visiting Fellow at <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SPRU" title="SPRU" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">SPRU</a> 1996-1998. She is no longer a Visiting Fellow at the University of Sussex.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Climate_Denier.2FSkeptic" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1 Climate Denier/Skeptic</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Serial_Accusations_of_Misconduct" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2 Serial Accusations of Misconduct</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Research_Grant_Awards" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3 Research Grant Awards</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Associates_and_Afilliations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4 Associates and Afilliations</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#External_Reseources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5 External Reseources</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6 References</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate Denier/Skeptic</h2>Whilst Dr Boehmer-Christiansen's views are scholarly and complex she is clearly ideologically motivated in her work on climate. She rejects the IPCC consensus despite being on an IPCC working party and quotes include "the so-called science of climate change consists to a large degree of 'cherry picking. Both the IPCC 'consensus ' and Stern are products of alliances of interests that are not primarily concerned about 'climate' - a poorly understood natural system that may be subject to anthropogenic as well as galactic influences'."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a> According to Fred Pearce, Boehmer-Christiansen is a sceptic about acid rain and global warming and calls the science reports produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change "political constructs." She was an attendee at the 4th <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Heartland Institute</a>'s Climate Change Conference <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a>
<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Serial Accusations of Misconduct</h2>Dr Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen has accused climate scientists of misconduct on at least two occasions. She appears as a correspondent in one of the 1073 emails hacked from University of East Anglia in 2009. She is quotes as saying “[t]he hacked emails revealed attempts to manipulate peer review to E&E’s disadvantage, and showed that libel threats were considered against its editorial team. Dr Jones even tried to put pressure on my university department.” But the Muir Russell Report concluded that they “see nothing [in] Boehmer-Christiansen’s evidence that supports any allegation that CRU has directly and improperly attempted to influence the journal that she edits.” Furthermore, the emails actually show that Boehmer-Christiansen had been accusing CRU of scientific fraud, and “Jones’ response to her accusation of scientific fraud was appropriate, measured and restrained.” <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a>On the occasion of the publication of the paper Anderegg et al 2010 she is quoted as saying "It looks to me that the authors belong to an IPCC supporting group that must count as believers and belong to the beneficiaries of the man-made warming scare."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a> This is refuted by the authors declaration of no conflict of interest.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Research Grant Awards</h2>Dr Boehmer-Christiansen has been in receipt of the following research grants from the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Economic_and_Social_Research_Council" title="Economic and Social Research Council" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Economic and Social Research Council</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">£94 000 in 1996-99. Title of award THE FUNCTIONING OF THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY: A POLITICAL ANALYSIS.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></li></ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">£85 000 in 1991-94. Tiltle of award : THE FORMULATION AND IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC ADVICE ON GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></li></ul>
<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Associates and Afilliations</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Member of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Scientific_Alliance" title="Scientific Alliance" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Scientific Alliance</a> Advisory Board</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Reader Emeritus, Department of Geography and Earth Resources, University of Hull</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Critic of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.john-daly.com/sonja-bc.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">[17]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Editor of the journal <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Energy_and_Environment" title="Energy and Environment" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Energy and Environment</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Signed climate skeptics 2002 letter to Canadian PM Jean Chretien<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Signed climate skeptics 2003 letter to Canadian PM Paul Martin<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Signed climate skeptics 2006 letter to Canadian PM Stephen Harper<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[17]</a></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">External Resources</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen on DeSmogBlog <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">[18]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Letter to the BBC 24th December 2009 "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://thedogatemydata.blogspot.com/2009/12/dr-sonja-boehmer-christensen-addressing.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">[19]</a>"</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.john-daly.com/sonja-bc.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">Disaster, Failure or Success? - Towards a better interaction between scientists, policy-makers and society groups</a>", keynote speech, RMNO (Advisory Council for Research on Spatial Planning, Nature and the Environment) conference, Netherlands</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Biog on Scientific Alliance website <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gaia-technology.com/sa/about/forum-member.cfm?ID=3" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg) 100% 50%;">[20]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hull.ac.uk/geog/html/boehmer.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen biography</a>, Hull University website, accessed December 2003</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electromagnetism.demon.co.uk/z011.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">Climate Change: the World Bank, Global Environment Facility and the United Nations - Partners or Competitors in Global Environmental Governance?</a>", from Global Warming, ed. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Julian_Morris" title="Julian Morris" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Julian Morris</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Institute of Economic Affairs" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Institute of Economic Affairs</a>, 1997</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Paul D. Thacker, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/esthag-w/2005/aug/policy/pt_skeptics.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">Skeptics get a journal</a>", Energy & Environment: “We climate skeptics have to look for little journals like mine to even get published,” explains Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen, the journal’s editor.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Memorandum to UK Parliament <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/memo/climatedata/uc2602.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/memo/climatedata/uc2602.htm</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Supplementary memorandum to UK Parliament <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/387b/387we29.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/387b/387we29.htm</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen's submission to the Muir Russell Enquiry <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cce-review.org/evidence/Boehmer-Christiansen.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 16px; background: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://www.cce-review.org/evidence/Boehmer-Christiansen.pdf</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen's other submission to the Muir Russell Enquiry <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cce-review.org/evidence/Boehmer-Christiansen1%20010610.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 16px; background: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://www.cce-review.org/evidence/Boehmer-Christiansen1%20010610.pdf</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.populartechnology.net/2010/04/correcting-misinformation-about-journal.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">http://www.populartechnology.net/2010/04/correcting-misinformation-about-journal.html</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen's submission to the Garnaut Review <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.garnautreview.org.au/CA25734E0016A131/WebObj/D07119818GeneralSubmission-SonjaABoehmer-Christiansen/$File/D07%20119818%20General%20Submission%20-%20Sonja%20A%20Boehmer-Christiansen.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 16px; background: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://www.garnautreview.org.au/CA25734E0016A131/WebObj/D07119818GeneralSubmission-SonjaABoehmer-Christiansen/$File/D07%20119818%20General%20Submission%20-%20Sonja%20A%20Boehmer-Christiansen.pdf</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Facebook page <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hs.facebook.com/pages/Sonja-Boehmer-Christiansen/139709189380147" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">http://www.hs.facebook.com/pages/Sonja-Boehmer-Christiansen/139709189380147</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Frontier Centre biography <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.fcpp.org/publication.php/3348" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">http://www.fcpp.org/publication.php/3348</a></li></ul><div>
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</div><div>=</div><div>
</div><div><h2 style="margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px; clear: both; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 153, 255); line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen</h2>Day Job: Editor, Energy & Environment, which has been <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; outline: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">described</a> as the place skeptics "go to when they are rejected by the mainstream, peer-reviewed science" journals.Industry Ties: She is a <a href="http://www.ogel.org/about-author-a-z-profile.asp?key=635" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; outline: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">contributing author</a> at the Oil, Gas & Energy Law Intelligence online portal and an advising member at The Scientific Alliance.Fox News guest: Has been <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/06/30/new-climate-change-panel-embraces-diversity/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; outline: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">quoted</a> in Fox articles.Climate Expertise: None, although she describes herself as an " '<a href="http://sppiblog.org/news/the-unspeakable-bbc-biased-even-when-trying-to-be-unbiased#more-382" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; outline: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">expert</a>' on the science and politics of global warming since the late 1980s."She said it: "To <a href="http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/inspired/article/1341" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; outline: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">count as science</a>, such knowledge seeking should not have ulterior motives such as growing rich and powerful, for that would lead to bias and selection. I found my niche where nature meets culture, in environmental politics and policy."</div><div></div><div>
</div><div><li class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="30" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen - Wikipedia, the free ...</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SonjaBoehmer-Christiansen</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&oq=Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&aqs=chrome..69i57.1792j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b0" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="ab.tdd;keydown:ab.hbke;keypress:ab.mskpe" data-ved="0CCAQ7B0wAA" style="border-radius: 0px; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen (Born 1942) is an Emeritus Reader in the Department of Geography at the University of Hull in Kingston upon Hull England, where ...</a><div class="osl" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=122&q=related:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen+Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&tbo=1&sa=X&ei=o5Y6VeeVKtGoogSPkoHoCA&ved=0CCMQHzAA" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">‎</a><a class="fl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Early_life_and_education" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;">Early life and education</a> - ‎<a class="fl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Career" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;">Career</a> - ‎<a class="fl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Views_on_Climate_change" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;">Views on Climate change</a> - ‎<a class="fl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Third-party_views" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;">Third-party views</a></div></div></div></li><li class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="rc" data-hveid="42" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen | DeSmogBlog</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="f kv _SWb" style="height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;">desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Jul 29, 2010 - Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen is an emeritus reader in geography at the University of Hull and the editor of Energy and Environment, a journal ...</a></div></div></li><li class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="49" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;">www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SonjaBoehmer-Christiansen</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ul></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:IXOn1mojbeYJ:www.cce-review.org/evidence/boehmer-christiansen.pdf+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">I have already made a submission to the Science and Technology Committee on this subject and would not like to repeat myself beyond making seven points I ...</a></div></div></li><li class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none;"><div class="rc" data-hveid="61" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://climateconferences.heartland.org/sonja-boehmer-christiansen/" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Climate Conferences | Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Dr. Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen. Dr. Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen University of Hull, Department of Geography Articles(s) by this author. Profile. Born in ...</a></div></div></li></div><div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=122&q=related:www.ogel.org/about-author-a-z-profile.asp%3Fkey%3D635+Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&tbo=1&sa=X&ei=o5Y6VeeVKtGoogSPkoHoCA&ved=0CEgQHzAF" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=122&q=related:www.ogel.org/about-author-a-z-profile.asp%3Fkey%3D635+Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&tbo=1&sa=X&ei=o5Y6VeeVKtGoogSPkoHoCA&ved=0CEgQHzAF" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">
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</a></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 22.4px;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=122&q=related:www.ogel.org/about-author-a-z-profile.asp%3Fkey%3D635+Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&tbo=1&sa=X&ei=o5Y6VeeVKtGoogSPkoHoCA&ved=0CEgQHzAF" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen (Born 1942) is an </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Emeritus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Reader</a> in the Department of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography" title="Geography" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Geography</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">University of Hull</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Kingston upon Hull</a>England, where she taught environmental policy, management and politics.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hull-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hullarchive-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-spiked-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> She has been editor of the journal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%26_Environment" title="Energy & Environment" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Energy & Environment</a>since 1998.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-ogel-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Early_life_and_education" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1 Early life and education</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Career" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2 Career</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Views_on_Climate_change" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3 Views on Climate change</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Third-party_views" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4 Third-party views</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#Selected_publications" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5 Selected publications</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">7 External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Early life and education[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early life and education" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen was born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dresden</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">East Germany</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hullarchive-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-ogel-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a> In 1956, she moved to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Adelaide</a>, South Australia, where she obtained a BA with Honours in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Geomorphology</a> from<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_University" title="Adelaide University" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Adelaide University</a> while also studying climatology, geology, physical geography and German literature.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-ogel-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-bc1982-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-cru26-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hoc-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a> She moved again to England in 1969 and later attended the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">University of Sussex</a> where she first obtained an MA followed by a DPhil in International Relations in 1981.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hullarchive-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-bc1982-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a> Her doctoral thesis was titled, Limits to the international control of marine pollution.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Career[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Career" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Boehmer-Christiansen joined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_Technology_Policy_Research" title="Science and Technology Policy Research" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Science and Technology Policy Research Unit (SPRU)</a> at the University of Sussex in 1985, working for a decade as a Research Fellow and then later as a Visiting Fellow.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hullarchive-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-cru26-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a> Since the mid-1990s she had taught environmental policy, management and politics in the Geography Department at the University of Hull.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-spiked-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hoc-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a> As an Emeritus Reader she still works from the University of Hull's Geography Department.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hull-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-cru26-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a>She is a past member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United Nations Environment Programme</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> (UNEP)</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stakeholder_Forum_for_a_Sustainable_Future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-hullarchive-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Views on Climate change[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Views on Climate change" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>When asked about the publication in the Spring of 2003 of a revised version of the paper at the center of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soon_and_Baliunas_controversy" title="Soon and Baliunas controversy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Soon and Baliunas controversy</a>, Boehmer-Christiansen said, "I'm following my political agenda -- a bit, anyway. But isn't that the right of the editor?"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a>Boehmer-Christiansen has been a critic of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_climate_models" title="Global climate models" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">climate models</a> saying they are based on data that cannot be verified.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a> She has also been critical of climate research funding, asserting that "Some university research units have almost become wholly-owned subsidiaries of Government Departments. Their survival, and the livelihoods of their employees, depends on delivering what policy makers think they want."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a>In 2006, she signed an open letter to Canadian Prime Minister <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Stephen Harper</a> urging him to open the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Kyoto Protocol</a> to debate by holding balanced, comprehensive public-consultation sessions on the Canadian government's climate change plans.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a>She holds an agnostic position on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">anthropogenic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">climate change</a> and believes its negative aspects to be politically exaggerated.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[17]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Third-party views[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Third-party views" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Pearce" title="Fred Pearce" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Fred Pearce</a>, Boehmer-Christiansen is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_skepticism" title="Environmental skepticism" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">sceptic</a> about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">acid rain</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming" title="Global warming" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">global warming</a> and calls the science reports produced by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a>"political constructs."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-Pearce-18" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[18]</a>The Guardian reported that Boehmer-Christiansen published – against the recommendations of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">reviewer</a> – a paper in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%26_Environment" title="Energy & Environment" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Energy & Environment</a> claiming that the Sun is made of iron.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-guardian2011-19" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[19]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[20]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Selected publications[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Selected publications" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja; Skea, Jim (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getcited.org/pub/102898795" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Acid politics: Environmental and energy policies in Britain and Germany</a>. Belhaven Press. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1852931167" title="Special:BookSources/1852931167" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1852931167</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.au=Skea%2C+Jim&rft.btitle=Acid+politics%3A+Environmental+and+energy+policies+in+Britain+and+Germany&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getcited.org%2Fpub%2F102898795&rft.isbn=1852931167&rft.pub=Belhaven+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja; Weidner, Helmut (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getcited.org/pub/103287641" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">The politics of reducing vehicle emissions in Britain and Germany</a>. London and Madison. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1855672030" title="Special:BookSources/1855672030" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1855672030</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.au=Weidner%2C+Helmut&rft.btitle=The+politics+of+reducing+vehicle+emissions+in+Britain+and+Germany&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getcited.org%2Fpub%2F103287641&rft.isbn=1855672030&rft.pub=London+and+Madison&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja; Kellow, Aynsley J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecite.utas.edu.au/25832" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">International Environmental Policy: Interests and the Failure of the Kyoto Process</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Elgar_Publishing" title="Edward Elgar Publishing" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Edward Elgar Publishing</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/184064818X" title="Special:BookSources/184064818X" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">184064818X</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.au=Kellow%2C+Aynsley+J.&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=International+Environmental+Policy%3A+Interests+and+the+Failure+of+the+Kyoto+Process&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecite.utas.edu.au%2F25832&rft.isbn=184064818X&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li></ul><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421597000165" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"A winning coalition of advocacy: climate research, bureaucracy and 'alternative' fuels: Who is driving climate change policy?"</a>. Energy Policy 25 (4): 439–444. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0301-4215%2897%2900016-5" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1016/S0301-4215(97)00016-5</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.atitle=A+winning+coalition+of+advocacy%3A+climate+research%2C+bureaucracy+and+%27alternative%27+fuels%3A+Who+is+driving+climate+change+policy%3F&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0301421597000165&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0301-4215%2897%2900016-5&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Energy+Policy&rft.pages=439-444&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=25" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718502000180" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"The geo-politics of sustainable development: bureaucracies and politicians in search of the holy grail"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoforum" title="Geoforum" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Geoforum</a> 33 (3): 351–365.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0016-7185%2802%2900018-0" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1016/S0016-7185(02)00018-0</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.atitle=The+geo-politics+of+sustainable+development%3A+bureaucracies+and+politicians+in+search+of+the+holy+grail&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0016718502000180&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0016-7185%2802%2900018-0&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Geoforum&rft.pages=351-365&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=33" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sth.sagepub.com/content/28/1/69.short" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Science, Equity, and the War against Carbon"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,Technology%26_Human_Values" title="Science, Technology & Human Values" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Science, Technology & Human Values</a> 28 (1): 69–92. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0162243902238496" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1177/0162243902238496</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.atitle=Science%2C+Equity%2C+and+the+War+against+Carbon&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsth.sagepub.com%2Fcontent%2F28%2F1%2F69.short&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0162243902238496&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Science%2C+Technology+%26+Human+Values&rft.pages=69-92&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=28" class="Z3988" /></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">References[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; -webkit-column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-hull-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hull_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hull_1-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.hull.ac.uk/science/geography/about_us/staff.aspx" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Geography Department: Academic Staff"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Hull</a>. Retrieved 29 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Geography+Department%3A+Academic+Staff&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.hull.ac.uk%2Fscience%2Fgeography%2Fabout_us%2Fstaff.aspx&rft.pub=University+of+Hull&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-hullarchive-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hullarchive_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hullarchive_2-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hullarchive_2-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">c</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hullarchive_2-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">d</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hullarchive_2-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20031206122802/http://www.hull.ac.uk/geog/html/boehmer.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Dr Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Hull</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hull.ac.uk/geog/html/boehmer.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">the original</a> on 6 December 2003. Retrieved 30 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Dr+Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hull.ac.uk%2Fgeog%2Fhtml%2Fboehmer.html&rft.pub=University+of+Hull&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-spiked-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-spiked_3-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-spiked_3-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/surveys/2024_article/1308/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Enlightening the Future 2024 Survey – Dr Sonja A Boehmer-Christiansen"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiked(magazine)" title="Spiked (magazine)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Spiked</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Enlightening+the+Future+2024+Survey+%E2%80%93+Dr+Sonja+A+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiked-online.com%2Findex.php%3F%2Fsurveys%2F2024_article%2F1308%2F&rft.pub=Spiked&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaia-technology.com/sa/about/forum-member.cfm?ID=3" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Scientific Advisory Forum"</a>. The Scientific Alliance. Retrieved 29 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Scientific+Advisory+Forum&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaia-technology.com%2Fsa%2Fabout%2Fforum-member.cfm%3FID%3D3&rft.pub=The+Scientific+Alliance&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-ogel-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-ogel_5-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-ogel_5-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-ogel_5-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogel.org/about-author-a-z-profile.asp?key=635" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Dr. Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen"</a>. OGEL. Retrieved 29 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Dr.+Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ogel.org%2Fabout-author-a-z-profile.asp%3Fkey%3D635&rft.pub=OGEL&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-bc1982-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-bc1982_6-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-bc1982_6-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0308597X82900380" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"The scientific basis of marine pollution control"</a>.Marine Policy 6 (1). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0308-597X%2882%2990038-0" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1016/0308-597X(82)90038-0</a>. Retrieved 10 July 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.atitle=The+scientific+basis+of+marine+pollution+control&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2F0308597X82900380&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0308-597X%2882%2990038-0&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Marine+Policy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=6" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-cru26-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-cru26_7-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-cru26_7-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-cru26_7-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">c</a> Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja (February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/memo/climatedata/uc2602.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Memorandum submitted by Dr Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen (CRU 26)"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">UK Parliament</a>. Retrieved 29 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Memorandum+submitted+by+Dr+Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen+%28CRU+26%29&rft.date=February+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200910%2Fcmselect%2Fcmsctech%2Fmemo%2Fclimatedata%2Fuc2602.htm&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-hoc-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hoc_8-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-hoc_8-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmsctech/387/387ii.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) 100% 50% no-repeat;">"The disclosure of climate data from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia"</a> (PDF) II. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">House of Commons</a>. 24 March 2010. p. 124. Retrieved 3 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=The+disclosure+of+climate+data+from+the+Climatic+Research+Unit+at+the+University+of+East+Anglia&rft.date=24+March+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200910%2Fcmselect%2Fcmsctech%2F387%2F387ii.pdf&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.volume=II" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }Boehmer-Christiansen, Sonja A. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/74117811717l3360/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Emerging international principles of environmental protection and their impact on Britain"</a>. The Environmentalist 10 (2): 95.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf02244387" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1007/bf02244387</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.atitle=Emerging+international+principles+of+environmental+protection+and+their+impact+on+Britain&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Sonja+A.&rft.aufirst=Sonja+A.&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F74117811717l3360%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf02244387&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=The+Environmentalist&rft.pages=95&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=10" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }Boehmer-Christiansen, S.A. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/limits-to-the-international-control-of-marine-pollution/oclc/53601092" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Limits to the international control of marine pollution"</a>. University of Sussex. Retrieved 29 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.au=Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+S.A.&rft.aufirst=S.A.&rft.aulast=Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Limits+to+the+international+control+of+marine+pollution&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Flimits-to-the-international-control-of-marine-pollution%2Foclc%2F53601092&rft.pub=University+of+Sussex&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/publications/annualreport/1998/docs/38-39.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) 100% 50% no-repeat;">"SPRU Annual Report – SPRU Staff: Associate Staff – Visiting Fellows and Professors"</a>(PDF). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Sussex</a>. 1998. p. 39. Retrieved 30 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=SPRU+Annual+Report+%E2%80%93+SPRU+Staff%3A+Associate+Staff+%E2%80%93+Visiting+Fellows+and+Professors&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussex.ac.uk%2FUnits%2Fspru%2Fpublications%2Fannualreport%2F1998%2Fdocs%2F38-39.pdf&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=University+of+Sussex&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stakeholderforum.org/sf/mediafiles/sf_annual_report_02.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif) 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Stakeholder Forum – Annual Report 2001–2002"</a> (PDF). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stakeholder_Forum_for_a_Sustainable_Future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Stakeholder Forum</a>. 2002. p. 25. Retrieved 30 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Stakeholder+Forum+%E2%80%93+Annual+Report+2001%E2%80%932002&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stakeholderforum.org%2Fsf%2Fmediafiles%2Fsf_annual_report_02.pdf&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Stakeholder+Forum&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }Monastersky, Richard (September 5, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/article/Storm-Brews-Over-Global/27779/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Storm Brews Over Global Warming"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" title="Chronicle of Higher Education" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Chronicle of Higher Education</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.atitle=Storm+Brews+Over+Global+Warming&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Monastersky&rft.au=Monastersky%2C+Richard&rft.date=September+5%2C+2003&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Farticle%2FStorm-Brews-Over-Global%2F27779%2F&rft.jtitle=Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/24/1093246516150.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Tuvalu's tides divide scientists"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Age</a>. 25 August 2004. Retrieved 29 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Tuvalu%27s+tides+divide+scientists&rft.date=25+August+2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2004%2F08%2F24%2F1093246516150.html&rft.pub=The+Age&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-15" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }Orlowski, Andrew (1 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/03/01/uk_physics_climate/page2.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"UK Physicists on Climategate: Intolerance, sub prime stats, wider enquiry needed"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Register</a>. Retrieved 29 June 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.aulast=Orlowski&rft.au=Orlowski%2C+Andrew&rft.btitle=UK+Physicists+on+Climategate%3A+Intolerance%2C+sub+prime+stats%2C+wider+enquiry+needed&rft.date=1+March+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2010%2F03%2F01%2Fuk_physics_climate%2Fpage2.html&rft.pub=The+Register&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-16" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/financialpost/story.html?id=3711460e-bd5a-475d-a6be-4db87559d605" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Open Kyoto to debate – An open letter to Prime Minister Stephen Harper"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Post" title="National Post" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Post</a>. 11 April 2006. Retrieved 1 July 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Open+Kyoto+to+debate+%E2%80%93+An+open+letter+to+Prime+Minister+Stephen+Harper&rft.date=11+April+2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fnationalpost%2Ffinancialpost%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D3711460e-bd5a-475d-a6be-4db87559d605&rft.pub=National+Post&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcpp.org/publication.php/3348" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Conversations From the Frotier with Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen, Geomorphologist"</a>. Frontier Centre for Public Policy. 29 June 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.btitle=Conversations+From+the+Frotier+with+Sonja+Boehmer-Christiansen%2C+Geomorphologist&rft.date=29+June+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fcpp.org%2Fpublication.php%2F3348&rft.pub=Frontier+Centre+for+Public+Policy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Pearce-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-Pearce_18-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Pearce" title="Fred Pearce" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pearce, Fred</a>, The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming, (2010)<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_Books" title="Guardian Books" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Guardian Books</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780852652299" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN 978-0-85265-229-9</a>, p. XIV.</li><li id="cite_note-guardian2011-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-guardian2011_19-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }Barley, Shanta (25 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/feb/25/real-climate-libel-threat" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Real Climate faces libel suit"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Guardian</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.au=Barley%2C+Shanta&rft.aufirst=Shanta&rft.aulast=Barley&rft.btitle=Real+Climate+faces+libel+suit&rft.date=25+February+2011&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F25%2Freal-climate-libel-threat&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen#cite_ref-20" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }Manuel, Oliver K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multi-science.metapress.com/content/v3600623g8txh577/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Earth's Heat Source – The Sun"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%26_Environment" title="Energy & Environment" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Energy & Environment</a> 20 (1–2): 131–144. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1260%2F095830509787689178" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">10.1260/095830509787689178</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASonja+Boehmer-Christiansen&rft.atitle=Earth%27s+Heat+Source+%E2%80%93+The+Sun&rft.aufirst=Oliver+K.&rft.aulast=Manuel&rft.au=Manuel%2C+Oliver+K.&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmulti-science.metapress.com%2Fcontent%2Fv3600623g8txh577%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1260%2F095830509787689178&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.jtitle=Energy+%26+Environment&rft.pages=131-144&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=20" class="Z3988" /></li></ol></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">External links[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen&action=edit&section=7&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ee.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Energy and Environment</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php/inspired/article/1341/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">What inspired you? – Dr Sonja A Boehmer-Christiansen</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/surveys/2024_article/1308/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Key challenges for the next generation – Dr Sonja A Boehmer-Christiansen</a></li></ul><table class="navbox" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; width: 1204px; margin: 1em auto auto; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 1px; border-spacing: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 2px;"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="width: 1200px; border-spacing: 0px; background: transparent;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background: rgb(221, 221, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority_control" title="Authority control" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Authority control</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 1072px; padding: 0px; background: transparent;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A);"><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">VIAF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71636543" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">71636543</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">ISNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni-url.oclc.nl/isni/000000008151832X" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">0000 0000 8151 832X</a></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145653674" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">cb145653674</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145653674" style="text-decoration: none; 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padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Living people</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Climate_change_skeptics(scientists)" title="Category:Climate change skeptics (scientists)" style="text-decoration: none; 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border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-bottom: 1.5em; min-height: 280px; line-height: 18.59px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Credentials</h2><ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li>Doctorate in “International Relations researching into environmental issues in international and also national politics.”</li><li>Ph.D. in “marine pollution control in the Law of the Sea negotiations.”</li><li>Master's Degree, physical geography.</li><li>Master's Degree, social science.</li></ul>Source: <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s1" style="text-decoration: none;">[1]</a><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Background</h2>Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen is an emeritus <a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/reader-academic-rank" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">reader</a> in geography at the University of Hull and the <a href="http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ee.htm" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">editor</a> of Energy and Environment, a journal known for publishing the papers written by climate change skeptics. <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s2" style="text-decoration: none;">[2]</a>In a 1995 article (<a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/skeptics.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>) written by Paul Thacker, Energy and Environment was described as being a journal skeptics can go to when they are rejected by the mainstream peer-reviewed science publications. <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s3" style="text-decoration: none;">[3]</a>She has described herself as “an 'expert' on the science and politics of global warming since the late 1980s.”<a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s4" style="text-decoration: none;"> [4]</a>Boehmer-Christiansen explained at the time that “it's only we climate skeptics who have to look for little journals and little publishers like mine to even get published.” According to a search of <a href="http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/default.htm" title="WorldCat" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">WorldCat</a>, a database of libraries, the journal is carried in only 25 libraries worldwide. And the journal is not included in <a href="http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/science_products/a-z/journal_citation_reports/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Journal Citation Reports</a>, which lists the impact factors for the top 6000 peer-reviewed journals.After <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sallie-baliunas" style="text-decoration: none;">a great deal of controversy</a> involving a research paper published by two well-known climate change “skeptics,” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/sallie-baliunas" style="text-decoration: none;">Sallie Baliunas</a> and <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/willie-soon" style="text-decoration: none;">Willie Soon</a> in the journal Climate Change,  Boehmer-Christiansen's proceeded to run a more extensive version of the article in Energy and Environment.<h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;">Stance on Climate Change</h2>“FC: Do you think humans are causing global warming?SC: To be very honest I'm agnostic on this. I don’t have the evidence. I mean I have lots of contradictory evidence but I do think, from my experience on ocean pollution and all the other pollution hypes, that when it goes to the political phase there are huge exaggerations. Once bureaucracies get regulatory and taxation powers, the exaggerations decline, scares may even be forgotten. So I honestly believe that there may be a problem but that this problem also has beneficial sides. We know how positive carbon dioxide is to life. So I do think there’s much exaggeration (of the man-made warming threat), of the negative aspects, for political reasons. So that’s why I’m here (at this Conference). I do think the skeptical scientists are more honest and more truthful than those funded by governments to support the IPCC.” <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s1" style="text-decoration: none;">[1]</a><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;">Key Quotes</h2><blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“… As editor of a journal which remained open to scientists who challenged the orthodoxy, I became the target of a number of CRU manoeuvres. The hacked emails revealed attempts to manipulate peer review to E&E’s disadvantage, and showed that libel threats were considered against its editorial team…” <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s5" style="text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></blockquote><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;">Key Deeds</h2>July, 2010Boehmer-Christiansen was one of a group of climate change skeptics who claimed that Phil Jones had manipulated climate data in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Five separate inquiries were conducted to investigate these claims but the<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/climategate-dead-or-long-live-climategate" style="text-decoration: none;">conclusion reached</a> was that there had been no scientific dishonesty or misconduct by the IPCC scientists.The last review, done by the <a href="http://www.cce-review.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Independent Climate Change Email Review (ICCER)</a>, <a href="http://www.scholarsandrogues.com/2010/07/29/muir-russel-rejects-accusations/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">responded</a> to Boehmer-Christiansen's allegations by concluding that she had provided no evidence in support of her claims. <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s6" style="text-decoration: none;">[6]</a>May 16 - 18th, 2010Boehmer-Christiansen attended the <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/denial-a-palooza-4th-international-conference-climate-change-heartland" style="text-decoration: none;">4th International Climate Change Conference</a> hosted by the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heartland_Institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Heartland Institute</a>. <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s1" style="text-decoration: none;">[1]</a><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Affiliations</h2><ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Scientific_Alliance" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">The Scientific Alliance</a> — <a href="http://www.scientific-alliance.org/about_us_advisory_forum.htm" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Advising member. </a><a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s7" style="text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></li></ul><ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li>Oil, Gas, Energy Law Intelligence (OGEL) — <a href="http://www.ogel.org/about-author-a-z-profile.asp?key=635" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Contributing Author</a>. <a href="http://desmogblog.com/sonja-boehmer-christiansen#s8" style="text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></li></ul><ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Energy_and_Environment" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Energy and Environment </a>— <a href="http://www.multi-science.co.uk/ee.htm" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Editor</a>.</li></ul><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Publications</h2>According to a search of 22,000 academic journals, Boehmer-Christiansen has published four research articles in peer-reviewed journals mainly on the subject of environmental policy.She has written numerous articles on environmental politics and policy, some in Energy & Environment:<ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li>“<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0959378094900493" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Global climate protection policy: the limits of scientific advice: Part 1</a>,” Global Environmental Change, Volume 4, Issue 2, June 1994, Pages 140-159.</li><li>“A scientific agenda for climate policy?” (<a href="http://nome.colorado.edu/HARC/Readings/Boehmer.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), Nature (Commentary Section), Volume 372 (December 1, 1994).</li><li>“<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09644019708414319" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">The global environment facility: An institutional innovation in need of guidance?</a>” Environmental Politics, Volume 6, Issue 1 (1997).</li><li>“<a href="http://sth.sagepub.com/content/28/1/69.short" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Science, Equity, and the War against Carbon</a>,” Science Technology & Human Values, vol 28, no.1 (January, 2003), page 69 - 92.</li><li>“<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/714000624" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Investing Against Climate Change: Why Failure Remains Possible</a>,” Environmental Politics, Volume 11, Issue 3 (2002).</li><li>“<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718502000180" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">The geo-politics of sustainable development: bureaucracies and politicians in search of the holy grail</a>,” Geoforum, Volume 33, Issue 3 (August 2002), Pages 351 - 365.</li><li>“Green Energy Facilitated? The Uncertain Function of the Global Environment Facility,” (<a href="http://www.newgreenorder.info/Green%20Energy.doc" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">.doc</a>), Energy and Environment, 1998.</li><li>“<a href="http://multi-science.metapress.com/content/9183gt72105x482v/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Why Carbon Fuels Will Dominate the 21st Century's Global Energy Economy</a>,” Energy & Environment, Volume 19, Number 7 (December 2008).</li><li>“<a href="http://multi-science.metapress.com/content/c17w226688620570/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Fuel for Thought</a>,” Energy & Environment (Commentary section), Volume 17, Number 2 (March 2006).</li></ul><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Resources</h2><ol style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li><a name="s1" id="s1">“</a><a href="http://www.fcpp.org/publication.php/3348" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Conversations from the Frontier</a>,” Frontier Center for Public Policy.</li><li><a name="s2" id="s2">“</a><a href="http://www2.hull.ac.uk/science/geography/staff.aspx" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Geography Department: Academic Staff</a>,” University of Hull, Department of Geography. Accessed March 1, 2012.</li><li><a name="s3" id="s3">Paul D. Thacker. “Skeptics get a journal” (</a><a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/skeptics.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), Environmental Science & Technology, August 31, 2005. Retrieved fromRealClimate.</li><li><a name="s4" id="s4">“</a><a href="http://sppiblog.org/news/the-unspeakable-bbc-biased-even-when-trying-to-be-unbiased#more-382" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">The unspeakable BBC: biased even when trying to be unbiased?</a>,” The SPPI Blog, December 22, 2009.</li><li><a name="s5" id="s5">“</a><a href="http://blogs.news.com.au/heraldsun/andrewbolt/index.php/heraldsun/comments/how_government_cash_created_the_climategate_scandal/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">How government cash created the Climategate scandal</a>,” Herald Sun, March 22, 2010.</li><li><a name="s6" id="s6">Brian Angliss. “</a><a href="http://www.scholarsandrogues.com/2010/07/29/muir-russel-rejects-accusations/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Final CRU email review considers, overwhelmingly rejects critics' accusations of misconduct</a>,” Scholars &Rogues, July 29, 2010.</li><li><a name="s7" id="s7">“</a><a href="http://www.gaia-technology.com/sa/about/forum-member.cfm?ID=3" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Scientific Advisory Forum</a>,” The Scientific Alliance. Accessed November 29, 2011.</li><li><a name="s8" id="s8">“</a><a href="http://www.ogel.org/about-author-a-z-profile.asp?key=635" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Dr. Sonja Boehmer-Christainsen</a>,” Profile at Oil, Gas & Energy Law.</li><li>“<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen</a>,” SourceWatch Profile.</li><li>“<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonja_Boehmer-Christiansen" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen</a>,” Wikipedia.org.</li></ol></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-14 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above" style="line-height: 18.59px;"><div class="field-label" style="text-transform: uppercase; display: inline;">TAGS: </div><div class="field-items" style="display: inline;"><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/846">sonja boehmer christiansen</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/847">energy and environment</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/848">scientific alliance</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/913">global warming</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/939">climate change</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2540">desmogblog</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2560">global warming blog</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2654">denial industry</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/3068">climate change denier</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4046">global warming research</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4047">climate misinformation</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5721">smogger</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6886">climate change skeptic</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7705">climate denialism</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7706">denial database</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-10 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above" style="line-height: 18.59px;"><div class="field-label" style="text-transform: uppercase; display: inline;">LOCATION: </div><div class="field-items" style="display: inline;"><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://desmogblog.com/location/canada">Canada</a></div></div></div></div><div>
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