dudley susan bak

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">dudley1217</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">candidate for furies, smoking gun that she killed ppl/kids?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">hubby utilities GHG? mercury?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DE-regulatory murder?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/facebook-joel-kaplan-washington-political-influence/">https://www.wired.com/story/facebook-joel-kaplan-washington-political-influence/</a></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">OMFG</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><b>KAPLAN REMAINED IN the Bush White House for all eight years.</b> He rose to deputy chief of staff, managing a wide terrain of domestic policy issues, including federal surveillance law and immigration reform. He also proved adept at the Washington gamesmanship required to protect his boss.</div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;">
</div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>In late 2007 the Environmental Protection Agency was on the brink of a historic feat: declaring that greenhouse gases posed a direct threat to the public through climate change.</b> On the afternoon of December 5, an EPA official named Jason Burnett emailed the agency’s official but unpublished Endangerment Finding to the Office of Management and Budget, thus triggering a federal review process that would in all likelihood lead to the first-ever regulations of CO2 emissions from vehicles and, eventually, power stations. A half-hour later, Steven Johnson, Bush’s EPA administrator, walked into Burnett’s office. As Burnett recalls, Johnson had just gotten off the phone: Joel Kaplan was asking them not to send the report to the OMB. When Burnett said he’d already sent it, Johnson left, then came back five minutes later. “Joel is asking whether you can send a follow-on email, saying you sent it in error.”</span></div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;">
</div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;">“And I said, ‘Well, no—because I didn’t,’” Burnett recalls, laughing. “This is the key environmental issue of our time, the evidence is clear. No, I didn’t send it ‘by mistake.’” Johnson went back to the phone and again returned a few minutes later. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>“OK, Joel is going to tell Susan Dudley”</b>—the OMB official who had received the EPA document—“not to open your email.”</span> Burnett was speechless, and also somewhat impressed at Kaplan’s logic<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. Under a certain theory, if the email remained unopened, the OMB wasn’t in receipt of its contents. “And if you’re not in receipt of its contents, then you don’t have to take action that would flow from having received this<b> Endangerment Finding</b>—literally, that the public is in danger from climate change.”</span></div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;">
</div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>After the email sat unopened for weeks, Johnson drafted a letter directly to Bush.</b> It read, “I have concluded that it is in the Administration’s best interest to move forward” with the EPA’s three-phase plan to regulate greenhouse gases. In January, Johnson sent the letter to the White House by courier. At the top, on EPA stationery, was a hand-scrawled note to Kaplan: “Joel, I really need your help in bringing these issues to closure. Thank you, Steve.” According to Burnett, Kaplan called a few days later and told Johnson to have someone from the EPA come over and take the letter back. Six months later, the EPA issued a new version of its findings; this time it did not make any formal recommendation.</span></div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;">
</div><div times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><b>When Bush’s term ended, Kaplan went to work for a Texas energy company</b>. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But he had kept in touch with Sheryl Sandberg, who was looking to build out Facebook’s small team in Washington. </span>Kaplan joined in 2011, overseeing domestic policy. He understood little about how the internet worked and had to be taught by snickering staff. Yet the company’s main concern in DC at the time wasn’t fending off laws but building an image. In Washington, Facebook’s trajectory was reflected in its ever changing lease: from a cramped walk-up in DuPont Circle to swankier F Street digs in Penn Quarter to the Warner building on Pennsylvania Avenue—each move inching closer to the White House....</div></div><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=
</font><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/10/29/despite-cutbacks-exxonmobil-continues-to-fund-climate-science-denial/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">.counterpunch.org/2021/10/29</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">/despite-cutbacks-exxonmobil-continues-to-fund-climate-science-denial/</span></a></font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><div class="post_content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; max-width: 680px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">In a <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-on-climate-change-legislation/ln48kv/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">secret video recording</a> made public in late June, a top ExxonMobil lobbyist—Keith McCoy</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, who was fired soon afterward—not only conceded that the oil giant’s support for a carbon tax is a sham, but he also admitted that the company quietly financed climate science denier groups to stave off government action and maximize its profits—a fact that my </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/d-public-about-global-warming-/ln48kx/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">organization</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, the Union of Concerned Scientists, and </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/vironment-2005-05-some-it-hot-/ln48kz/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">others</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> revealed more than a decade ago.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Did we aggressively fight against some of the science? Yes,” McCoy, then ExxonMobil’s senior director of federal relations, <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-on-climate-change-legislation/ln48kv/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">said</a> during the interview. “Did we join some of these ‘shadow groups’ to work against some of the early efforts? Yes, that’s true. But there’s nothing illegal about that. We were looking out for our investments. We were looking out for our shareholders.”</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For all his candor, McCoy got at least one thing wrong. ExxonMobil did “join”—in other words, pay—denier groups to spread disinformation to blunt initial government attempts to curb carbon emissions. But McCoy inaccurately used the past tense. In fact, the company continues to fund them.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That videotaped interview caused some major heartburn for McCoy’s boss, ExxonMobil CEO Darren Woods, especially since the House Committee on Oversight and Reform has <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/isinformation-house-probe-html/ln48l2/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">invited</a> Woods—as well as top executives from the American Petroleum Institute, BP America, Chevron, Shell Oil and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce—to testify at a <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ith-top-fossil-fuel-executives/ln48l4/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">hearing</a> on October 28 on the “long-running, industry-wide campaign to spread disinformation about the role of fossil fuels in causing global warming.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ExxonMobil has been at the heart of that campaign. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Since 1998, the company has paid a network of seemingly independent think tanks and advocacy groups more than <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ing-ExxonMobil-grants-2020-pdf/ln48l6/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">$39 million</a> to manufacture doubt about climate science and stymie government action. Only Charles Koch and his late brother David, owners of the coal, oil and gas conglomerate Koch Industries, are known to have <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/imate-deniers-koch-industries-/ln48l8/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">spent more.</a></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2020, according to ExxonMobil’s most recent corporate <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/20-Worldwide-Giving-Report-pdf/ln48lb/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">grantmaking report</a>, the company spent $490,000 on three grantees—the American Enterprise Institute ($100,000), the Regulatory Studies Center at George Washington University ($140,000), and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce ($250,000). </font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">That amount is down from the $790,000 the company reported it spent on nine climate science denier groups in 2019 and a fraction of what it spent in the past, but there’s a catch.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">True, the company <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/2020-earnings-oil-price-2021-2/ln48ld/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">lost</a> more than $22 billion in 2020 and cut back its grants across the board. But another factor for this decline is that ExxonMobil changed how it reports grants. As first <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/poisoning-now-theres-blowback-/ln48lg/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">reported</a> by Salon, the <b>company only listed grants of $100,000 or more in its 2020 annual giving report. In previous years, it included grants of $5,000 or more.</b> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The change reduces transparency and ultimately means there is no way to tell how much the company spent in smaller donations to support climate disinformation in 2020 or compare the grants it made in 2020 with previous years.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Only three denier groups—the same three named in the 2020 grantmaking report—received $100,000 or more from ExxonMobil in 2019. That year, their grants collectively <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/19-Worldwide-Giving-Report-pdf/ln48lj/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">amounted</a> to $625,000. <b>The other six denier groups the company funded in 2019</b>—the Center for American and International Law ($5,000), the Federalist Society ($10,000), the Hoover Institution ($15,000), the Manhattan Institute ($90,000), Mountain States Legal Foundation ($5,000) and the Washington Legal Foundation ($40,000)—collectively received $165,000. None of those grants, even if ExxonMobil continued them, would wind up in the 2020 report, given the company’s new threshold.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Still, it’s worth taking a closer look at where the bulk of ExxonMobil’s self-reported climate disinformation budget did go in 2020.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The U.S. Chamber of Commerce</font></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Since 2014, ExxonMobil has given more than </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ing-ExxonMobil-grants-2020-pdf/ln48l6/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">$5 million</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> on top of its annual dues to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce—a </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/7bea47f6/ln48ll/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">major player</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> in blocking action on climate change for decades. A few years after becoming an ExxonMobil grantee, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">the Chamber gained some unwanted notoriety by financing a <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/rump-climate-accord-fact-check/ln48ln/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">widely</a> debunked <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/y68ty5g7/ln48lq/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">report</a> that then-President Trump cited as a <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/trumps-statement-withdrawing--/ln48ls/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">primary rationale</a> for pulling the United States out of the Paris climate agreement.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2019, however, the Chamber appeared to flip 180 degrees, <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/addressing-climate-change/ln48lv/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">declaring</a> on its website, “Our climate is changing and humans are contributing to these changes. Inaction is simply not an option.” The assertion that human activity is merely <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><b>contributing</b></span> to climate change is <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ate-assessment-report-release-/ln48lx/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">inaccurate</a>, given that burning fossil fuels is the primary cause, but the statement did represent a quantum leap from when the association spuriously <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/mber-commerces-climate-denial-/ln48lz/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">maintained</a> in comments submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency in 2009 that “a warming of even 3 [degrees Celsius] in the next 100 years would, on balance, be beneficial to humans.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">That said, the Chamber <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/line-bipartisan-infrastructure/ln48m2/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">vowed</a> in an August 24 press release to “do everything [it] can to prevent” the proposed $3.5 trillion <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/bill-ever-heres-whats-at-stake/ln48m4/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">reconciliation bill</a>—which would slash carbon emissions from the electric power and transportation sectors—“from becoming law.” And in a section on its website addressing climate change, the Chamber <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/climate-change-and-environment/ln48m6/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">calls for</a> “the increased use of natural gas” to make “further progress.”</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Increase the use of natural gas?! That runs counter to what climate science says about the need to <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/n-electricity-payment-program-/ln48m8/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">swiftly decarbonize the energy sector</a>, essentially trading one major carbon pollution source—coal—for another—methane, which is <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/2018-09-how-potent-is-methane-/ln48mb/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">86 times more potent</a> than carbon dioxide in warming the planet. Moreover, according to a <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ticle-10-1088-1748-9326-ab57b3/ln48md/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">December 2019 study</a> in the scientific journal Environmental Research Letters, the carbon dioxide emissions attributable to the boom in natural gas use over the last decade alone have now surpassed the emissions avoided by closing coal-fired power plants.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The American Enterprise Institute</font></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Economist <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/profile-benjamin-zycher-/ln48mg/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Benjamin Zycher</a> might be considered the climate science denier in residence at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI)</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, which has received </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ing-ExxonMobil-grants-2020-pdf/ln48l6/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">$4.86 million</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> from ExxonMobil since 1998. Zycher </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/political-its-ineffective-too-/ln48mj/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">insists</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> that a carbon tax would be “ineffective,” has called the Paris climate agreement an “</span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/s-the-paris-climate-agreement-/ln48ml/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">absurdity</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,” and rejects the </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/scientific-consensus-/ln48mn/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">scientific consensus</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> about the causes and seriousness of global warming.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zycher published his most recent broadside against climate science in the Summer 2021 issue of National Affairs, a formerly independent conservative policy quarterly that AEI brought in-house in 2019. In his <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ase-for-climate-change-realism/ln48mq/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">essay</a>, “The Case for Climate-Change Realism,” he falsely argued that the “available science” does not support the notion that human activity is “the single most significant cause of climate change” and the “available data” undercut the assessment that extreme weather events are “evidence of an ongoing climate crisis.”</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As he has in previous <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/limate-change-views-need-apply/ln48ms/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">articles</a>, Zycher <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ase-for-climate-change-realism/ln48mq/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">cited</a> roundly debunked hypotheses for the primary causes of climate change, including a shift in northern Pacific Ocean circulation patterns called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which scientists <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/acific-Decadal-Oscillation-htm/ln48mv/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">have determined</a> is incapable of causing a long-term warming trend, and “changes in solar activity,” when, in fact, the sun’s energy has <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ty-sunspots-global-warming-htm/ln48mx/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">declined</a> since the 1980s while average global temperatures have continued to climb.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This summer was not a fortuitous time to be peddling discredited theories. On August 9, less than two months after Zycher <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/se-for-climate-change-realism-/ln48mz/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">posted</a> his essay, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a landmark, nearly 4,000-page “<a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ress-en-2021-sgsm20847-doc-htm/ln48n2/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">code red for humanity</a>” <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/021-08-09-ar6-wg1-20210809-pr-/ln48n4/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">report</a> warning that the climate crisis is close to spiraling out of control and human activity is “unequivocally” to blame.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zycher’s main objective? To make a case, no matter how specious, for <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ase-for-climate-change-realism/ln48mq/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">continued</a> reliance on fossil fuels, which he falsely claimed are less expensive than renewables. Proposals to cut carbon emissions, including the Paris agreement, would have little real impact, he argued, and could “be accomplished only by substituting expensive energy for cheaper energy.” In fact, according to a recent <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/han-running-fossil-fuel-plants/ln48n6/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">analysis</a> by Bloomberg, it is “now cheaper to build and operate new large-scale wind or solar plants in nearly half the world than it would be to run an existing coal or [natural] gas-fired power plant.” To be sure, no one would confuse Zycher for a scientist or National Affairs for a peer-reviewed journal. But he serves ExxonMobil’s interests as a seemingly independent expert who continues to express doubt about climate science and the viability of renewable energy, thereby providing cover for climate science deniers in Congress.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">George Washington University’s Regulatory Studies Center</font></b></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The relatively unknown Regulatory Studies Center at George Washington (GW) University received </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/20-Worldwide-Giving-Report-pdf/ln48lb/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">$140,000</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> from ExxonMobil in 2020 and </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ing-ExxonMobil-grants-2020-pdf/ln48l6/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">$1.2 million</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> from the company since 2013. Director </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><b>Susan Dudley</b></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> founded the center in 2009 after serving as President George W. Bush’s “regulatory czar” at the Office of Management and Budget and, before that, </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ntent-uploads-dudleyreport-pdf/ln48n8/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">running the Regulatory Studies Program</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> at Koch-financed </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/index-php-Mercatus-Center/ln48nb/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Mercatus Center</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> at George Mason University. She currently serves in various capacities for other longtime climate science disinformation groups, including the Koch-founded Cato Institute, the Federalist Society, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Regulatory Studies Center portrays itself as an “<a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ons-come-with-unintended-costs/ln48nd/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">objective, unbiased</a>” policy shop, but—like the Mercatus Center—its primary raison d’être is to weaken and quash government regulations, according to a <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/harles-Kochs-Master-Plan-4-pdf/ln48ng/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">2019 analysis</a> by the consumer advocacy organization Public Citizen</b>. </font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The GW center’s main tools are reports and public comments it submits to Congress,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and although it does not get much mainstream news media attention, it has found a receptive audience on Capitol Hill—and in the previous administration. Much of the Trump administration’s deregulatory agenda, Public Citizen found, echoed the center’s recommendations, including “dramatically reducing the cost that the government attributes to carbon emissions.”</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But should the Regulatory Studies Center be lumped in with climate science disinformation groups? In response to the Public Citizen report, as well as criticism from <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/2sz4akew/ln48nj/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">UnKoch My Campus</a> and <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ngton-university-must-end-now-/ln48nl/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">GW student groups</a>, the center issued a <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ulty20Statement-2021-02-11-pdf/ln48nn/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">statement</a> in February disputing the charge that it rejects climate science. “Contrary to unsubstantiated claims, no one in the Regulatory Studies Center questions climate science,” it said. “In fact, most of the Center’s scholars do not focus on environmental or energy issues at all.<b> Those who have written on climate issues address economic and legal questions, not the science.”</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Whether or not the center directly disputes climate science is beside the point. </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the face of incontrovertible scientific evidence, most ExxonMobil-funded disinformation groups have revised their position on the reality of climate change.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 102);"> Instead of challenging the science, their efforts now tend to focus on denigrating renewable energy, <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-10-1080-09644016-2021-1947636/ln48nq/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">overstating the costs</a> of transitioning to a clean energy economy while ignoring the benefits, and preventing government action. <b>That is exactly what the Regulatory Studies Center does.</b></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b> </b>In recent years, for example, it has </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/harles-Kochs-Master-Plan-4-pdf/ln48ng/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">published papers and filed public comments</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <b>opposing stronger efficiency standards for home appliances and vehicles t</b>hat would dramatically reduce carbon emissions.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The center also has enlisted the help of unabashed climate science deniers. In the fall of 2018, for example, it tapped <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/julian-morris-/ln48ns/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Julian Morris</a> to file a <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/Comment20-20Julian20Morris-pdf/ln48nv/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">public comment</a> supporting the Trump administration’s proposed rollback of Obama-era standards for cars and light trucks designed to increase fuel economy and, for the first time, substantially reduce tailpipe carbon emissions</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Morris, president and founder of the International Policy Network and vice president of research at the Reason Foundation—two libertarian, climate science denier organizations—falsely declared in a </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/usnfnnyt/ln48nx/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">paper</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> published in March 2018 that the “effects of climate change are unknown—but the benefits may well be greater than the costs for the foreseeable future.”</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Millions More for Disinformation</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The money ExxonMobil donated in 2020 to AEI, the GW Regulatory Studies Center and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce represents only a small percentage of the company’s recent outlays to sway public opinion and blunt government climate action. It is difficult to document all of the company’s related expenditures, but they include:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 2em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; border-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.1em;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">+ More than $5 million on Facebook ads in 2020, which is more than half of the $9.6 million that the U.S. oil and gas industry spent on the ads</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, according to an </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/8116160668aa2d865da2f5abe91b-2/ln48nz/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">analysis</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> by the think tank InfluenceMap that reviewed more than 25,000 ads on Facebook’s U.S. platform. Many of the ads described natural gas as a “green” fuel source and argued that cutting carbon emissions would drive up energy costs.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">+ An <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/climate-crisis-lobby-group-api/ln48p2/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">estimated $10 million</a> in annual dues to the <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/y-anti-environmental-policies-/ln48p4/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">American Petroleum Institute</a> (API) (based on how much Shell Oil recently revealed it paid</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">). The U.S. oil and gas industry’s oldest and largest trade association, API is working overtime to </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ntum-for-methane-action-grows-/ln48p6/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">block</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> stricter methane emissions standards. McCoy indirectly referenced API during the secretly taped </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-on-climate-change-legislation/ln48kv/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">interview</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> when he said ExxonMobil relied on third parties to publicly represent its interests in Congress. “We don’t want it to be us, to have these conversations, especially in a hearing,” he </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-on-climate-change-legislation/ln48kv/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">said</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. “It’s getting our associations to step in and have those conversations and answer those tough questions and be, for the lack of a better term, the whipping boy for some of these members of Congress.”</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">+ At least <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/cal-contributions-and-lobbying/ln48p8/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">$100,000 in annual dues</a> to<b> trade associations </b>(based on what it reported it spent in 2019) that have a long track record of peddling climate disinformation, including the <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/sociation-of-Manufacturing-NAM/ln48pb/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">National Association of Manufacturers</a> and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">+ Nearly <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/mobil-recipients-id-d000000129/ln48pd/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">$834,000</a> during the 2018 and 2020 election cycles to 118 of the 139 <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/limate-deniers-117th-congress-/ln48pg/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">climate science deniers</a> currently in Congress. Over that same time period, the company reportedly spent nearly <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/n-mobil-lobbying-id-d000000129/ln48pj/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">$41 million</a> to lobby in Washington, <b>but neither McCoy nor ExxonMobil’s other in-house lobbyists have broached the topic of a carbon tax</b>—<b>the company’s avowed top priority</b>—with legislators <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-d000000129-lobbillscycle-2018/ln48pl/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">since 2018</a>, according to its <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-d000000129-lobbillscycle-2020/ln48pn/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">quarterly lobbying reports</a>.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">So while ExxonMobil CEO Darren Woods and his colleagues proclaim that they fully understand the threat posed by climate change and are “<a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ate-change-probe-idUSKCN1IV2DN/ln48pq/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">committed to being part of the solution</a>,” the evidence shows they continue to spend tens of millions of dollars every year to promote gridlock in Congress on the issue</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. The future of the planet as we know it hangs in the balance, but as McCoy acknowledged in his </span><a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-on-climate-change-legislation/ln48kv/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">interview</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, ExxonMobil was—and still is—looking out for its investments and its shareholders’ short-term interests, regardless of the long-term consequences.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This article was produced by <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/earth-food-life-/ln48ps/932910469?h=sQIhUBUGldUD0NtTaG4TSVTXvLY5gXZsPoC3_K6P-A4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;">Earth | Food | Life</span></a>, a project of the Independent Media Institute.</font></span></p></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="author_description" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em; max-width: 680px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elliott Negin is a senior writer at the <a href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/2021-10-13/lk8jrv/925229225?h=ZZqCXOouDk149c-Kfvg2NIvTBjeJZIS7o1DQ-wg7gzQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Union of Concerned Scientists</a>.</font></span></p></div></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div><div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">negin imi</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2021/10/exxonmobil-climate-science-denial/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.alternet.org/2021/10/exxonmobil-climate-science-denial/</font></a></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The truth about ExxonMobil's campaign to fund climate science denial</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> Elliott Negin and Independent Media Institute October 26, 2021</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">   </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a secret video recording made public in late June, a top ExxonMobil lobbyist—Keith McCoy, who was fired soon afterward—not only conceded that the oil giant's support for a carbon tax is a sham, but he also admitted that the company quietly financed climate science denier groups to stave off government action and maximize its profits—a fact that my organization, the Union of Concerned Scientists, and others revealed more than a decade ago.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Did we aggressively fight against some of the science? Yes," McCoy, then ExxonMobil's senior director of federal relations, said during the interview. "Did we join some of these 'shadow groups' to work against some of the early efforts? Yes, that's true. But there's nothing illegal about that. We were looking out for our investments. We were looking out for our shareholders."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For all his candor, McCoy got at least one thing wrong. ExxonMobil did "join"—in other words, pay—denier groups to spread disinformation to blunt initial government attempts to curb carbon emissions. But McCoy inaccurately used the past tense. In fact, the company continues to fund them.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That videotaped interview caused some major heartburn for McCoy's boss, ExxonMobil CEO Darren Woods, especially since the<b> House Committee on Oversight and Reform has invited Woods—as well as top executives from the American Petroleum Institute, BP America, Chevron, Shell Oil and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce—to testify</b> at a hearing on October 28 on the "long-running, industry-wide campaign to spread disinformation about the role of fossil fuels in causing global warming."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ExxonMobil has been at the heart of that campaign. <b>Since 1998, the company has paid a network of seemingly independent think tanks and advocacy groups more than $39 million to manufacture doubt about climate science and stymie government action. Only Charles Koch and his late brother David, owners of the coal, oil and gas conglomerate Koch Industries, are known to have spent more.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2020, according to ExxonMobil's most recent corporate grantmaking report, the company spent $490,000 on three grantees—the American Enterprise Institute ($100,000), the <b>Regulatory Studies Center at George Washington University ($140,000)</b>, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce ($250,000). That amount is down from the $790,000 the company reported it spent on nine climate science denier groups in 2019 and a fraction of what it spent in the past, but there's a catch.</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">True, the company lost more than $22 billion in 2020 and cut back its grants across the board. But another factor for this decline is that <b>ExxonMobil changed how it reports grants.</b> As first reported by Salon, the company only listed grants of $100,000 or more in its 2020 annual giving report. In previous years, it included grants of $5,000 or more. The change reduces transparency and ultimately means there is no way to tell how much the company spent in smaller donations to support climate disinformation in 2020 or compare the grants it made in 2020 with previous years.</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Only three denier groups—the same three named in the 2020 grantmaking report—received $100,000 or more from ExxonMobil in 2019. That year, their grants collectively amounted to $625,000. <b>The other six denier groups the company funded in 2019—the Center for American and International Law ($5,000), the Federalist Society ($10,000), the Hoover Institution ($15,000), the Manhattan Institute ($90,000), Mountain States Legal Foundation ($5,000) and the Washington Legal Foundation</b> ($40,000)—collectively received $165,000. None of those grants, even if ExxonMobil continued them, would wind up in the 2020 report, given the company's new threshold.</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Still, it's worth taking a closer look at where the bulk of ExxonMobil's self-reported climate disinformation budget did go in 2020.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The U.S. Chamber of Commerce</font></b></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Since 2014, ExxonMobil has given more than $5 million on top of its annual dues to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce—a major player in blocking action on climate change for decades. A few years after becoming an ExxonMobil grantee, the <b>Chamber gained some unwanted notoriety by financing a widely debunked report that then-President Trump cited as a primary rationale for pulling the United States out of the Paris climate agreement.</b></font></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In 2019, however, the Chamber appeared to flip 180 degrees,</b> declaring on its website, "Our climate is changing and humans are contributing to these changes. Inaction is simply not an option." The assertion that human activity is merely contributing to climate change is inaccurate, given that burning fossil fuels is the primary cause, but the statement did represent a quantum leap from when the association spuriously maintained in comments submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency in 2009 that "a warming of even 3 [degrees Celsius] in the next 100 years would, on balance, be beneficial to humans."</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That said, the Chamber vowed in an August 24 press release to "do everything [it] can to prevent" the proposed $3.5 trillion reconciliation bill—which would slash carbon emissions from the electric power and transportation sectors—"from becoming law." And in a section on its website addressing climate change, the Chamber calls for "the increased use of natural gas" to make "further progress."</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Increase the use of natural gas?! That runs counter to what climate science says about the need to swiftly decarbonize the energy sector, essentially trading one major carbon pollution source—coal—for another—methane, which is 86 times more potent than carbon dioxide in warming the planet. Moreover, according to a December <b>2019 study in the scientific journal Environmental Research Letters, the carbon dioxide emissions attributable to the boom in natural gas use over the last decade alone have now surpassed the emissions avoided by closing coal-fired power plants.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The American Enterprise Institute</font></b></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Economist Benjamin Zycher might be considered the climate science denier in residence at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), which has received $4.86 million from ExxonMobil since 1998. Zycher insists that a carbon tax would be "ineffective," has called the Paris climate agreement an "absurdity," and rejects the scientific consensus about the causes and seriousness of global warming.</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zycher published his most recent broadside against climate science in the Summer 2021 issue of<b> National Affairs, a formerly independent conservative policy quarterly that AEI brought in-house in 2019</b>. In his essay, "The Case for Climate-Change Realism," he falsely argued that the "available science" does not support the notion that human activity is "the single most significant cause of climate change" and the "available data" undercut the assessment that extreme weather events are "evidence of an ongoing climate crisis."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As he has in previous articles, Zycher cited roundly debunked hypotheses for the primary causes of climate change, including a shift in northern Pacific Ocean circulation patterns called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which scientists have determined is incapable of causing a long-term warming trend, and "changes in<b> solar activity,"</b> when, in fact, the sun's energy has declined since the 1980s while average global temperatures have continued to climb.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This summer was not a fortuitous time to be peddling discredited theories. On August 9, less than two months after Zycher posted his essay, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a landmark, nearly 4,000-page "code red for humanity" report warning that the climate crisis is close to spiraling out of control and human activity is "unequivocally" to blame.</font></b></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zycher's main objective? To make a case, no matter how specious, for continued reliance on fossil fuels, which he falsely claimed are less expensive than renewables. Proposals to cut carbon emissions, including the Paris agreement, would have little real impact, he argued, and could "be accomplished only by substituting expensive energy for cheaper energy." In fact, according to a recent analysis by Bloomberg, it is "now cheaper to build and operate new large-scale wind or solar plants in nearly half the world than it would be to run an existing coal or [natural] gas-fired power plant." To be sure, no one would confuse Zycher for a scientist or National Affairs for a peer-reviewed journal. But he serves ExxonMobil's interests as a seemingly independent expert who continues to express doubt about climate science and the viability of renewable energy, thereby providing cover for climate science deniers in Congress.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">George Washington University's Regulatory Studies Center</font></b></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">The relatively unknown Regulatory Studies Center at George Washington (GW) University received $140,000 from ExxonMobil in 2020 and $1.2 million from the company since 2013.</span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"> Director Susan Dudley</span> founded the center in 2009 after serving as President George W. Bush's "regulatory czar" at the Office of Management and Budget and, before that, running the Regulatory Studies Program at Koch-financed Mercatus Center at George Mason University.</b> She currently serves in various capacities for other longtime climate science disinformation groups, including the Koch-founded Cato Institute, the Federalist Society, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Regulatory Studies Center portrays itself as an "objective, unbiased" policy shop, but—like the Mercatus Center—its primary raison d'être is to weaken and quash government regulations, according to a 2019 analysis by the consumer advocacy organization Public Citizen. The GW center's main tools are reports and public comments it submits to Congress, and although it does not get much mainstream news media attention,<b> it has found a receptive audience on Capitol Hill—and in the previous administration. Much of the Trump administration's deregulatory agenda, Public Citizen found, echoed the center's recommendations, including "dramatically reducing the cost that the government attributes to carbon emissions."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But should the Regulatory Studies Center be lumped in with climate science disinformation groups? In response to the Public Citizen report, as well as criticism from UnKoch My Campus and GW student groups, the center issued a statement in February disputing the charge that it rejects climate science. "Contrary to unsubstantiated claims, no one in the Regulatory Studies Center questions climate science," it said. "In fact, most of the Center's scholars do not focus on environmental or energy issues at all. Those who have written on climate issues address economic and legal questions, not the science."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Whether or not the center directly disputes climate science is beside the point. In the face of incontrovertible scientific evidence, most ExxonMobil-funded disinformation groups have revised their position on the reality of climate change. <b>Instead of challenging the science, their efforts now tend to focus on denigrating renewable energy, overstating the costs of transitioning to a clean energy economy while ignoring the benefits, and preventing government action. That is exactly what the Regulatory Studies Center does. </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">In recent years, for example, it has published papers and filed public comments opposing stronger efficiency standards for home appliances and vehicles that would dramatically reduce carbon emissions.</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The center also has enlisted the help of unabashed climate science deniers. In the fall of 2018, for example, it tapped Julian Morris to file a public comment supporting the Trump administration's proposed rollback of Obama-era standards for cars and light trucks designed to increase fuel economy and, for the first time, substantially reduce tailpipe carbon emissions. </b>Morris, president and founder of the International Policy Network and vice president of research at the Reason Foundation—two libertarian, climate science denier organizations—falsely declared in a paper published in March 2018 that the "effects of climate change are unknown—but the benefits may well be greater than the costs for the foreseeable future."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Millions More for Disinformation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The money ExxonMobil donated in 2020 to AEI, the GW Regulatory Studies Center and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce represents only a small percentage of the company's recent outlays to sway public opinion and blunt government climate action. It is difficult to document all of the company's related expenditures, but they include:</font></b></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">More than $5 million on Facebook ads in 2020, which is more than half of the $9.6 million that the U.S. oil and gas industry spent on the ads, according to an analysis by the think tank InfluenceMap that reviewed more than 25,000 ads on Facebook's U.S. platform. Many of the ads described natural gas as a "green" fuel source and argued that cutting carbon emissions would drive up energy costs.</font></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">An estimated $10 million in annual dues to the American Petroleum Institute (API</span>) (based on how much Shell Oil recently revealed it paid). The U.S. oil and gas industry's oldest and largest trade association, API is working overtime to b<b>lock stricter methane emissions standards.</b> McCoy indirectly referenced API during the secretly taped interview when he said ExxonMobil relied on third parties to publicly represent its interests in Congress. "We don't want it to be us, to have these conversations, especially in a hearing," he said. "It's getting our associations to step in and have those conversations and answer those tough questions and be, for the lack of a better term, the <b>whipping boy for some of these members of Congress."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At least $100,000 in annual dues to trade associations (based on what it reported it spent in 2019) that have a long track record of peddling climate disinformation, including the <b>National Association of Manufacturers and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.[ipaa]</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Nearly $834,000 during the 2018 and 2020 election cycles to 118 of the 139 climate science deniers currently in Congress.</b> Over that same time period, the company reportedly spent nearly<b> $41 million to lobby in Washington,</b> but neither McCoy nor ExxonMobil's other in-house lobbyists have broached the topic of a carbon tax—the company's avowed top priority—with legislators since 2018, according to its quarterly lobbying reports.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">So while ExxonMobil CEO Darren Woods and his colleagues proclaim that they fully understand the threat posed by climate change and are "committed to being part of the solution," the evidence shows they continue to spend tens of millions of dollars every year to promote gridlock in Congress on the issue</span>.<b> The future of the planet as we know it hangs in the balance, but as McCoy acknowledged in his interview, ExxonMobil was—and still is—looking out for its investments and its shareholders' short-term interests, regardless of the long-term consequences.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elliott Negin is a senior writer at the Union of Concerned Scientists in Washington, D.C.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); clear: both; line-height: 21px;"><a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/koch-cog-rsc/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.citizen.org/article/koch-cog-rsc/</font></a></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); clear: both; line-height: 21px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Regulatory Studies Center, or RSC, is one of about 70 research centers and institutes operated by George Washington University, a school of 26,000 students located in the nation’s capital.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The RSC purports to be a “leading source for applied scholarship in regulatory issues” and a training ground for those seeking to “ensure that regulatory policies are designed in the public interest.”<a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/koch-cog-rsc/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=ab4a011e-a30b-428d-805a-411de0805c8e#ftn1" name="ftnref1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-shadow: 0px -1px inset; box-sizing: border-box;">[1]</a><b> RSC Director Susan Dudley</b> has described the center as providing “an objective, unbiased look at the regulatory system, with our academic credentials.”<a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/koch-cog-rsc/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=ab4a011e-a30b-428d-805a-411de0805c8e#ftn2" name="ftnref2" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-shadow: 0px -1px inset; box-sizing: border-box;">[2]</a></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But evidence – including the content of RSC’s work, the backgrounds of its researchers and the composition of its funders – reveals that the true purpose of the RSC is to provide scholarly rationales against government regulation, focusing on measures that would affect the fossil fuel industry, such as those to reduce pollution or combat climate change.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The RSC’s primary output consists of written materials, including analyses of discrete regulatory proposals that are submitted to government agencies under the rubric of “public comments.” Although public comments submitted by RSC researchers carry a disclaimer that they represent the views of the individual researchers, not the RSC, they are remarkably consistent in the antiregulatory views they express.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When characterizing broad regulatory trends, RSC researchers habitually cite studies – some of dubious credibility – that feed a narrative that regulations are excessive and burdensome. Meanwhile, these researchers typically ignore or downplay the benefits of regulations or dangers of under-regulating. These omissions are especially notable because the RSC was formed in 2009, just as the nation was crawling out of a catastrophic recession that was almost indisputably caused by gaps in the regulation of financial derivatives and a failure of regulators to enforce rules on mortgage lending.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The RSC appears to be influential.</b> Many of the planks of President Donald Trump’s deregulatory agenda were put forth by the RSC long before Trump’s election. These include dramatically reducing the cost that the government attributes to carbon emissions.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The RSC does not generally disclose its sources of funding. But reports by other organizations, along with some cryptic disclosures by George Washington University and the RSC, show that its major donors include the charitable foundation operated by Charles Koch, who is the billionaire co-owner of petrochemical giant Koch Industries Inc. and financier of a sprawling political empire. Koch Industries is among the leading emitters of toxic waste and greenhouse gases in the United States, which means that it could benefit from the RSC’s policy advocacy in Washington, D.C.<a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/koch-cog-rsc/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=ab4a011e-a30b-428d-805a-411de0805c8e#ftn3" name="ftnref3" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-shadow: 0px -1px inset; background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">[3]</a> Other RSC donors include oil companies, industry trade associations, and other foundations that support limited-government causes. Individuals who have donated include several prominent antiregulatory strategists and lawyers.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Susan Dudley – who is the RSC’s founder and director and served as the government’s “regulatory czar” at the end of the George W. Bush administration<a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/koch-cog-rsc/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=ab4a011e-a30b-428d-805a-411de0805c8e#ftn4" name="ftnref4" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-shadow: 0px -1px inset; background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">[4]</a> – has called herself a “free-market environmentalist.”<a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/koch-cog-rsc/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=ab4a011e-a30b-428d-805a-411de0805c8e#ftn5" name="ftnref5" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-shadow: 0px -1px inset; background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">[5]</a> This is a view often associated with a libertarian philosophy that trusts market forces, rather than laws, to achieve desired results. Dudley has opposed standards to improve air quality throughout her career. Perhaps most famously, she once argued that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency had scored a proposal to reduce air pollution too generously because it did not account for the benefits of smog that would be lost. In effect, she argued that smog should be valued for its potential to prevent skin cancer by blotting out the sun.<a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/koch-cog-rsc/?eType=EmailBlastContent&eId=ab4a011e-a30b-428d-805a-411de0805c8e#ftn6" name="ftnref6" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-shadow: 0px -1px inset; background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">[6]</a></font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: var(--sy); margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; transition-property: var(--t8n_p1), color; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: var(--xw_4); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dudley has been affiliated with at least eight Koch-funded organizations besides the RSC, including one dedicated to infusing libertarian viewpoints into higher education. Dudley is not alone. More than half of the RSC authors who filed public comments between 2013 and 2018 have been affiliated with organizations funded by the Koch family. These authors accounted for 75 percent of the public comments that the RSC submitted in this time period.</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://benefitcostanalysis.org/">https://benefitcostanalysis.org/</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">SBCA was founded in 2007 by the </span><a href="https://evans.uw.edu/centers-projects/bcac/benefit-cost-analysis-center" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Benefit-Cost Analysis Center</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> at the </span><a href="http://evans.uw.edu/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Evans School of Public Policy and Governance</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><a href="http://www.washington.edu/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">University of Washington</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, with generous support from the </span><a href="http://www.macfound.org/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="">Lynn Karoly</div><div style=""><b>
</b></div><div style=""><b>RAND Corporation</b></div><div style="">
</div><div style="">President</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Donald Kenkel</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Cornell University</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Vice President</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style=""><b>Susan Dudley</b></div><div style=""><b>
</b></div><div style=""><b>George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center</b></div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Past President</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Craig Thornton</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Mathematica Policy Research</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Treasurer</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">R. Jeffrey Lewis</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><b>ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences</b></div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Assistant Treasurer</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Randall Lutter</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">University of Virginia and Resources for the Future</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Past Treasurer</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Elisabeth Gilmore</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Clark University</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Secretary</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Board Members</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Mark Cohen</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Vanderbilt University and Resources for the Future</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Term expiring at the end of 2017</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Massimo Florio</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">University of Milan</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Term expiring at the end of 2019</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">David Luskin</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Federal Highway Administration</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Term expiring at the end of 2017</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Emile Quinet</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Ecole des Ponts-ParisTech</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Term expiring at the end of 2018</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Fran Sussman</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Independent Consultant</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Term expiring at the end of 2019</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><span style="white-space:pre"> </span></div><div style="">Gary VanLandingham</div><div style=""><b>
</b></div><div style=""><b>Florida State University</b></div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Term expiring at the end of 2018</div></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://evans.uw.edu/</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">expert on npr 12/17? no afiliation?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>Jul 24 2014</div><div>
</div><div>fedsoc</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>The Social Cost of Carbon</b></div><div>Engage Volume 15, Issue 1</div><div>
</div><div>Sponsors:<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Administrative Law & Regulation Practice Group, Environmental Law & Property Rights Practice Group</div><div> </div><div>Susan E. Dudley</div><div> </div><div>Brian F. Mannix</div><div>Download PDF</div><div>https://fedsoc.org/commentary/publications/the-social-cost-of-carbon</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In May 2013, the White House released a revised Technical Support Document (TSD) with a new estimate of the “social cost of carbon” (SCC), to be used by various agencies when evaluating the benefits of emissions regulations, energy efficiency standards, renewable fuel mandates, technology subsidies, and other policies intended to mitigate global warming.</span>  Federal agencies immediately began using the revised SCC to make regulatory decisions, prompting objections from the public and requests for an opportunity to comment on the SCC and the underlying models and analyses.  On November 1, 2013, the White House released updated values for the SCC, and on November 26 invited the public to comment. </div><div>
</div><div>This article is based on a comment we filed on the public record, which made four points:</div><div>
</div><div>· First, we endorsed the administration’s effort to arrive at a uniform SCC, to help ensure at least internal consistency across a portfolio of policies directed at reducing carbon emissions.</div><div>
</div><div>· Second, we applauded the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB’s) effort to seek public comment on the TSD, and urged the administration to follow through with scientific peer review and with other measures to ensure transparency in regulatory decisions.</div><div>
</div><div><b>· Third, we cautioned that the task of estimating the SCC was undertaken with an apparent bias that needs to be corrected before it can be taken as objective.</b></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">· Finally, we pointed out that the logical next step is not, contrary to the subtitle of the TSD, for regulatory agencies to incorporate the SCC into Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs).  Rather, the next step is to seek an international consensus on the value of the SCC and to negotiate a coordinated global policy response, which is the only way that the theoretical benefits of government actions to reduce global carbon emissions can be translated into actual results.</span></div><div>
</div><div>I. The Rationale for a Uniform SCC</div><div>
</div><div>President Obama has publicly committed to addressing climate change through an ambitious regulatory agenda, to be undertaken by multiple federal agencies, using a wide range of existing statutory authorities.  While the merits of this climate agenda as a whole are debatable, the use of a unified SCC to impose some order on its components is sensible.  The SCC summarizes in a single number (more properly, a range of numbers) a vast array of information derived from scientific and economic research and modeling. All of this information is subject to disagreement, and the relationships embedded in the calculation of the SCC are extraordinarily  complex,  presenting  a  daunting  challenge  to  anyone  trying  to  arrive  at  a consensus figure. Nonetheless, it is worthwhile to try. The SCC may appear to be a gross oversimplification of a complex underlying reality; but, in fact, it is the right simplification to undertake.  This is because any damage that greenhouse gas emissions may inflict on global climate systems is independent of the source of the emissions.  To the climate, all CO2 molecules look the same.</div><div>
</div><div>This simple fact does not tell us whether it makes sense to regulate energy efficiency or subsidize certain technologies, but it does tell us that any cost-effective portfolio of climate policies will have a single implicit marginal cost of carbon.  For this reason, we commend the efforts of the interagency working group to reach agreement on the value of the SCC.  A common SCC should be used to evaluate climate-related regulatory mandates, grant programs, and tax policies.</div><div>
</div><div>Certainly it makes more sense for policymakers to focus on the SCC than to try to figure out the “right” level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from every source category, or the “right” temperature of the earth, or the “right” combination of fuels and technologies to pursue as a policy goal.  Indeed, past efforts to develop an international climate policy framework were doomed, in part, by their focus on negotiating the level of emissions each country would be allowed—an unproductive diplomatic zero-sum game.  An international conversation about the marginal cost of carbon emissions might instead have led to some useful policy outcomes.  Similarly, the domestic Renewable Fuels Standard attempts to set, in statute and regulation, the required level of various renewable transportation fuels.  The program has degenerated into a rent-seeking contest for subsidies, with little or no (or negative) benefit to the environment.1  The marginal cost of GHG emissions—the SCC—may be very difficult to calculate, but is a far more promising path to pursue than the various attempts to guess at optimal quantities of emissions or technologies.</div><div>
</div><div>II. The Need for an Open Public Process</div><div>
</div><div>The influential nature of the SCC value for a variety of future policies, as well as the difficulties and uncertainties of calculating the SCC, demand conscientious attention—including public comment and peer review—to the task of getting it right.<b>  The May 2013 SCC revision of the SCC, for example, raised the estimated social cost of U.S. CO2 emissions by about $100 billion per year.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">  </span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">If the U.S. were using a carbon tax to address climate change, this would amount to a trillion-dollar tax increase over the next decade.  Instead, this trillion dollars will be placed on the scale of <b>benefit-cost analysis, </b></span>weighing in favor of expanded regulation by the DOE, the DOT, the EPA, and all of the other federal agencies engaged directly or indirectly in climate policy.  The implications for the economy are troubling, particularly since—assuming they are real—few, if any, of those climate benefits will accrue to the U.S.</div><div>
</div><div>The process of scientific inquiry revels in debate, discussion, and discourse.  Public comment and peer review of how the government selected, weighed, and combined the integrated assessment climate models, what those models mean, and the appropriateness of the various assumptions and inferences made to deal with economic and scientific uncertainty will not only add credibility to future government climate policies, but encourage advances in scientific understanding of these complex issues.</div><div>
</div><div>For this reason, OMB was right to seek public comment on the revised TSD.  In addition to public comment, however, TSD would benefit from a rigorous peer review process.  President Obama has stressed the importance of adhering to established scientific procedures, including peer review, when making policy decisions, stating:</div><div>
</div><div>When scientific or technological information is considered in policy decisions, the information should be subject to well-established scientific processes, including peer review where appropriate, and each agency should appropriately and accurately reflect that information in complying with and applying relevant statutory standards.2</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>OMB itself has observed:</b></div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>Peer review is an important procedure used by the scientific community to ensure that the quality of published information. Peer review can increase the quality and credibility of the scientific information generated across the federal government.3</b></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2004, the OMB called for more consistency in the use of peer review across government agencies, issuing an Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review (“Bulletin”).</span>4  The Bulletin implemented the Information Quality Act of 2001,5 which directed OMB to issue guidelines to “provide policy and procedural guidance to Federal agencies for ensuring and maximizing the quality, objectivity, utility and integrity of information” disseminated by federal agencies.6  It established “minimum standards for when peer review is required for scientific information and the types of peer review that should be considered by agencies in different circumstances,” noting:</div><div>
</div><div>The use of a transparent process, coupled with the selection of qualified and independent peer reviewers, should improve the quality of government science while promoting public confidence in the integrity of the government’s scientific products.</div><div>
</div><div>The SCC TSD appears to be precisely the kind of information the Bulletin was intended to cover. Section I(5) of the Bulletin defines “scientific information” to include “factual inputs, data, models, analyses, technical information, or scientific assessments based on the behavioral and social sciences, public health and medical sciences, life and earth sciences, engineering, or physical sciences.”</div><div>
</div><div>The SCC TSD also qualifies as “influential scientific information,” which the Bulletin defines as “scientific information the agency reasonably can determine will have or does have a clear and substantial impact on important public policies or private sector decisions.” As the Bulletin notes, “information dissemination can have a significant economic impact even if it is not part of a rulemaking.”</div><div>
</div><div>The Bulletin explicitly covers “scientific assessments,” defined as “an evaluation of a body of scientific or technical knowledge, which typically synthesizes multiple factual inputs, data, models, assumptions, and/or applies best professional judgment to bridge uncertainties in the available information.”</div><div>
</div><div>These assessments include, but are not limited to, state-of-science reports; technology assessments; weight-of-evidence analyses; meta-analyses; health, safety, or ecological risk assessments; toxicological characterizations of substances; integrated assessment models; hazard determinations; or exposure assessments. Such assessments often draw upon knowledge from multiple disciplines. Typically, the data and models used in scientific assessments have already been subject to some form of peer review.</div><div>
</div><div>Thus, the fact that the models evaluated in the SCC TSD may have been reviewed separately does not absolve the federal government of the requirement for peer review. The Bulletin states:  “prior  peer  review  and  publication  is  not  by  itself  sufficient  grounds  for determining that no further review is necessary.”</div><div>
</div><div>Nor does the fact that the SCC TSD combines scientific inputs with economic and social science information negate the importance of peer review. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The Bulletin references the Congressional/Presidential Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management,</span> which recognized that “peer review of economic and social science information should have as high a priority as peer review of health, ecological, and engineering information.”7</div><div>
</div><div>As President Obama has announced his intent to address climate change through various rulemakings issued by different parts of the federal government, the use of a consistent set of SCC values can encourage more cost-effective policies than if different agencies were permitted to develop different estimates. But that makes peer review all the more important.  As the Bulletin notes, “the need for rigorous peer review is greater when the information contains precedent-setting methods or models, presents conclusions that are likely to change prevailing practices, or is likely to affect policy decisions that have a significant impact.”</div><div>
</div><div>According to the Bulletin:</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A scientific assessment is considered “highly influential” if the agency or the OIRA Administrator determines that the dissemination could have a potential impact of more than $500 million </span>in any one year on either the public or private sector or that the dissemination is novel, controversial, or precedent-setting, or has significant interagency interest. One of the ways information can exert economic impact is through the costs or benefits of a regulation based on the disseminated information. The qualitative aspect of this definition may be most useful in cases where it is difficult for an agency to predict the potential economic effect of dissemination. In the context of this Bulletin, it may be either the approach used in the assessment or the interpretation of the information itself that is novel or precedent-setting. Peer review can be valuable in establishing the bounds of the scientific debate when methods or interpretations are a source of controversy among interested parties.</div><div>
</div><div>Peer review and public participation are necessary to support the President’s commitment to “creating an unprecedented level of openness in Government.”8  According to the Bulletin:</div><div>
</div><div>Whenever feasible and appropriate, the agency shall make the draft scientific assessment available to the public for comment at the same time it is submitted for peer review (or during the peer review process) and sponsor a public meeting where oral presentations on scientific issues can be made to the peer reviewers by interested members of the public. When employing a public comment process as part of the peer review, the agency shall, whenever practical, provide peer reviewers with access to public comments that address significant scientific or technical issues. To ensure that public participation does not unduly delay agency activities, the agency shall clearly specify time limits for public participation throughout the peer review process.9</div><div>
</div><div><b>III. The Problem of Bias</b></div><div>
</div><div>The problem of integrating climate forecasts and economic forecasts in order to estimate a net social cost of carbon is extraordinarily complex, and requires careful judgment.  Other informed observers have expressed serious misgivings about the current state of the art and about the particular Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) used in the TSD.</div><div>
</div><div>These models have crucial flaws that make them close to useless as tools for policy analysis:  certain inputs (e.g. the discount rate) are arbitrary, but have huge effects on the SCC estimates the models produce; the models’ descriptions of the impact of climate change are completely ad hoc, with no theoretical or empirical foundation; and the models can tell us nothing about the most important driver of the SCC, the possibility of a catastrophic climate outcome.  IAM-based analyses of climate policy create a perception of knowledge and precision, but that perception is illusory and misleading.10</div><div>
</div><div>We do not want to argue that the task is hopeless.  There is, however, one crucial ingredient that appears to be lacking in the current effort: a balanced, good faith inquiry, without a preconceived outcome or directional bias.</div><div>
</div><div>For example, the choice of discount rates in the TSD does not conform to the standard guidance issued by OMB,11 and is biased in the direction of low discount rates.  Without going through all of the arguments bearing on the choice of discount rates, we will simply note that the choices at the lower end tend not to be grounded in empirical observations of consumer preferences, but rather in a prescriptive notion of what consumers ought to want.  As one early participant in the TSD process observed, “the prescriptive approach reflects the normative judgments of the decisionmaker.”12  As such, it cannot be characterized as a true representation of public welfare as benefit-cost analysis traditionally defines it.  If the Administration’s intent is to issue a prescriptive SCC, it should be labeled as such.  Moreover, it would be irresponsible to produce a prescriptive SCC, derived from the preferences of agency decisionmakers, without also producing for comparison an empirical SCC derived from observations of consumers’ actual revealed preferences.</div><div>
</div><div>Another illustration of bias in the development of the TSD is its explicitly one-sided line of enquiry: a focus only on anthropogenic effects, and not on non-anthropogenic climate variability; only on warming, and not on cooling; only on warm-side catastrophes, and not on cold side-catastrophes; only on the 95th percentile outcomes, and not on the 5th percentile.  While a similar bias is pervasive in the government-sponsored scientific literature about climate change, one would expect an economic analysis—particularly one aimed at calculating the expected value of a highly uncertain metric—to take greater pains to adopt an unbiased perspective. </div><div>
</div><div>[OMG]</div><div>
</div><div><b>Consider that, while an extra ton of carbon emissions is likely to mean that the earth’s climate will be warmer in the future than it would otherwise be, that does not necessarily mean that the climate will be warmer than it is today.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">  We know that, over long periods of time, absent any anthropogenic effect, the earth will almost certainly cool.  This effect is not small and it is not seriously in doubt.  Glacial advances have happened repeatedly in the past; and, absent anthropogenic warming, they will happen again, with catastrophic consequences.  Absent warming, we know that glaciers will cover New York City again one day.  Moreover, the effects of the glacial advance will not be limited to coastlines; we will likely lose Chicago, too, and most of Canada.  We know from the historical record that such events also produce mass species extinctions by a variety of mechanisms.  We cannot predict the timing of a glacial advance accurately, but even a simple regression-towards-the-mean analysis tells us that catastrophic natural cooling scenarios are not so improbable that they can safely be neglected.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Moreover, to the extent we think the SCC should “account for extreme scenarios,”13<b> the cooling catastrophes become more important. </b> To the extent we think long-term effects deserve greater weight (i.e., very low discount rates), cooling becomes a greater concern.  To the extent we look for evidence of climate “tipping points” that are highly disruptive, the tipping point that triggers glacial advance cannot be ignored.  If we take an honest look at the 5th percentile of climate outcomes, as well as the 95th, it becomes clear that cooling scenarios need attention.  The TSD’s examination of only one tail of the climate probability distribution displays a bias that could lead to serious policy mistakes.</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>IV. The Need for an International Consensus</b></div><div>
</div><div>While the SCC TSD purports to provide guidance to federal agencies for their use in RIAs, its use for that purpose would, at this point, be a mistake.  The Interagency Working Group chose to calculate a global SCC, which purports to represent the global benefits of a global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.  Even if we accept that global benefits are the right ones to count (a questionable assumption), <b>the fact remains that unilateral actions by the United States cannot be assumed to achieve a global reduction in emissions.</b></div><div>
</div><div>The interagency group concluded that a global measure of the benefits from reducing US emissions is preferable to a domestic measure because the climate change issue is highly unusual in at least two respects.  First, it involves a global externality. That is, emissions of most GHGs contribute to damages around the world even if they are emitted in the United States. Consequently, to address the global nature of the problem, the interagency group concluded that the SCC should incorporate the full (global) damages caused by GHG emissions. Second, climate change is a problem that the United States cannot solve alone. Even if the United States were to reduce its GHG emissions to zero, it would be insufficient to avoid substantial damages from climate change.14</div><div>
</div><div>This reasoning makes sense if, and only if, the intent is to use the SCC to support the development of a global system of constraining carbon emissions.  It does not make sense to use that same global SCC to characterize the benefits of unilateral domestic actions that are unlikely to achieve the stated global benefits.  Too often, agencies produce RIAs that estimate only the intended energy savings, without regard to usage elasticities, now commonly called “rebound effects.”  Moreover, the world economy is a vast competitive web of elasticities that frustrate any attempt to push a policy lever here to save a ton of carbon there.  This is particularly true when the regulatory instruments in question do not have global reach.  Carbon intensive production will migrate away from carbon restricting regimes, so that, to a first approximation, unilateral efforts to reduce carbon emissions can be expected to have no net effect on global carbon emissions.</div><div>
</div><div>It is simply not plausible to claim that any unilateral U.S. action could achieve, in practice, the global benefits that are implied by the SCC as it is calculated in the TSD.  International competition will cause the domestic costs of unilateral action to be amplified, even while the global benefits evaporate.  The place to use the global SCC is not—at least for now—in the RIAs of U.S. regulatory agencies, but in the international fora where climate policies are being negotiated.</div><div>
</div><div>There is a second reason to bring the SCC into the international negotiations on climate policy:  it is likely to make those conversations more productive.  As long as such talks focus on allowable quantities of carbon, they will be a proxy for international economic competition.  Each delegation will be charged with ensuring that its nation gets a “fair share” of the fixed pie.  Negotiations over price (the SCC) can finesse these arguments, and focus attention instead on the development of cost-effective climate policies.  In contrast, negotiations over quantities (caps) necessarily will be consumed by self-interest, rather than on finding the common interest.  There will be a consensus (there always is) that the U.S. should do more; but that has little to do with climate; instead, it is a reflection of economic envy, a desire to constrain U.S. growth, and a plea for compensation.  Whatever the merits of these arguments, they have been, and will continue to be, a serious impediment to reaching agreement on effective forward-looking action.</div><div>
</div><div><b>With international talks focused on the SCC, the rent-seeking opportunities will be much more limited,</b> and a serious discussion can take place on effective remedies.  If other countries want to press a claim that the U.S. should pay compensation for past emissions, that can be a separate conversation, and need not hold up progress on figuring out just what common level of stringency all countries should strive for.</div><div>
</div><div>The absence of an international consensus is problematic for another reason.  We know that the vast majority—perhaps all—of the benefits incorporated into the SCC will not accrue to the U.S.  It might be possible to justify using the SCC as a guide for domestic regulations if they are being undertaken within an international framework that promises reciprocal action by other countries.  Even in that context, it seems likely that the U.S. would be a net loser – bearing more of the costs of effective global action, and receiving less of the benefits.  Nonetheless, with proper Congressional authorization, such actions might be justified.  If carbon emissions are, as argued in the TSD, a global externality, then it makes sense that there will be winners and losers in a corrective global regulatory regime, and it is not hard to imagine the U.S. being willing to do its part despite not being a net beneficiary of a global regime.</div><div>
</div><div>In the absence of such reciprocal action by other nations, however, the global benefits in the SCC cannot be regarded as a legitimate entry in the benefit-cost ledger.  Basing unilateral domestic action on the global SCC would put U.S. government agencies in the impossible position of acting contrary to the interests of U.S. citizens, using the excuse that they are acting as representative agents of foreign countries.  Moreover, since the actual representative agents of those foreign countries have declined to take comparable action to constrain carbon emissions, U.S. agencies would be making the implausible argument that they are better representatives of foreign interests than are the governments of those countries.  Domestic regulatory agencies have only those powers which the Congress has delegated to them, and the legitimacy of individual regulatory actions will have to be measured against the applicable authorizing statutes.  In creating the Corporate Average Fuel Economy program at DOT, or the Appliance Efficiency Standards at DOE, for example, did Congress intend those agencies to set standards that, on behalf of silent foreign interests, affirmatively harm U.S. consumers and the U.S. economy?  If not, then the global SCC cannot be used to justify such standards.</div><div>
</div><div><b>V. Conclusion</b></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Establishing a consistent set of SCC values for use government-wide is sound public policy; it can discourage government agencies from trying to outbid each other in their efforts to save the planet. </span> Moreover, given the influential nature of the SCC value for a variety of future policies, as well as the difficulties and uncertainties of calculating the SCC, it is appropriate that the Administration has sought public comment on the values it plans to use.  The Administration should also seek peer review of the figures and work to correct the apparent biases imbedded in the calculations before the SCC can be considered a descriptive measure suitable for positive economic analysis.  The most valuable application of the SCC will be in international negotiations.  By seeking an international consensus on the value of the SCC (as opposed to caps on allowable emissions levels) and negotiating of a coordinated global policy response, is the only way that the theoretical benefits of government actions to reduce global carbon emissions can be translated into actual results.</div><div>
</div><div>Susan E. Dudley is director of the GW Regulatory Studies Center and research professor in the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, and former Administrator of the Office of Information & Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget.  *<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Brian F. Mannix is a visiting scholar with the Center and former<b> Associate Administrator for Policy, Economics, and Innovation in the Environmental Protection Agency</b></span>.  They can be reached at RegulatoryStudies@gwu.edu.  This article represents the views of the authors.</div><div>
</div><div>Endnotes</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianmannix/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">report on HER from OMBwatch public citizen</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Introduction

 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On August 1, 2006, the Bush administration nominated Susan Dudley to

the position of administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

(OIRA) within the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). As head of OIRA,

the White House office charged with reviewing draft regulations, Dudley would be

in a position to cripple critical safeguards that protect the public from such dangers

as unsafe products and environmental toxins. And Dudley, an anti-regulatory

zealot with close ties to corporate interests, is certain to do just that as OIRA

administrator.

 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Prior to her nomination, Susan Dudley worked as the director of the

Regulatory Studies Program at the Mercatus Center,</b> an industry-funded, antiregulatory

advocacy organization. While at Mercatus, Dudley attacked proposed

regulations in formal submissions to government agencies and orchestrated

campaigns to derail other safeguards already on the books. Displaying an extreme

anti-regulatory ideology, she questioned the merit of regulation altogether in

congressional testimony and regulatory comments, and she has urged weakening, if

not eliminating entirely, public safeguards. If confirmed as OIRA administrator,

Dudley would continue her anti-regulatory agenda from a position with enormous

power over federal health, safety, and environmental protections, and the public

would be forced to pay the price.

Dudley’s nomination signals the latest chapter in the administration’s war

on public safeguards. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">OMB’s so-called “review” process has been used to block the

issuance of key health and safety standards. The strategic position of OMB in the

assault on regulations is summed up in the statement of Bruce Josten, the U.S.

Chamber of Commerce’s executive vice president for government affairs, that “[i]f

you fix [OMB], you rein in all the agencies.”1

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>The previous OIRA administrator,

John Graham, </b>whose controversial 2001 nomination was opposed by 37 senators,

used his position to undercut regulations developed by agencies ranging from the

Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) to the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

(NHTSA),</span> weakening their policies and diminishing their ability to develop new

safety and health standards. Graham also pursued policy-level changes such as risk

assessment guidelines and a regulatory hit list — tools that will slant the playing

field and roll back essential protections for years to come<b>. But compared to

Dudley, Graham looks like a moderate.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> 1

Cindy Skrzycki, Lining Up to Lobby for Rule Rescission, WASH. POST, Feb. 6, 2001, at E</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>There are three reasons why Susan Dudley should not be OIRA

administrator:</b>

Ideological opposition to regulation. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">First, her ideological opposition to

regulation precludes her from making unbiased decisions concerning public

safeguards. As is apparent from the regulatory comments she wrote while at

Mercatus, Dudley’s hostility to regulation is so deep-seated that she is blind to the

critical role they play in protecting the public and environment from harm. In her

analyses of regulations, Dudley fails to employ neutral policy tools; rather, she

adopts shifting and sometimes contradictory reasoning that is only consistent in

that it always leads to the conclusion that a regulation should be rejected or

weakened. Dudley has also explicitly expressed fundamental opposition to safety

standards, attacking a proposed advanced air bag rule because it “attempts to make

all vehicles equally safe for occupants.”2

 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It is apparent from her record that Dudley

would demand impossible requirements that regulatory agencies could never

satisfy. An OIRA administrator with such an extreme ideological hostility to

regulation would clearly have a devastating effect on safeguards needed to ensure

the health and safety of the public and to protect the environment, thus

undermining the purpose and intent of safety and health statutes and putting the

public at unnecessary risk of harm.

Paralysis by analysis. Dudley also supports radical regulatory policies that

would cripple public safeguards — another reason why she should not be OIRA

administrator. Dudley has, for instance, advocated regulatory sunsets, or

mandatory expiration dates for all protective standards, which would force agencies

to plead for the continuation of critical regulations. If confirmed, Dudley would

almost certainly use the political clout of the White House to push sunset

legislation, which she would then enforce zealously. Dudley has also called for

embedding cost considerations in all laws that authorize agencies to protect the

public, including laws that Congress has declared should be “safety first” laws

under which cost-benefit analysis is forbidden in decision-making. And perhaps

even more appallingly, Dudley has supported a senior death discount that counts

the lives of seniors for less than the lives of the young. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dudley’s radical ideas also

include proposals that would consume vast amounts of taxpayer dollars on navel-gazing

analyses that would tie up agency money, resources and time on increased

analysis of regulatory costs while doing little to inform the public about the life

Susan E. Dudley, Regulatory Studies Program Comments: Advanced Air Bags 7 (Dec. 17,

1998), available at <http mercatus.org="" repository="" doclib="" mc_rsp_pic1998-04_nhtsaairbags_981130.pdf="">.

Public Citizen & OMB Watch 5

saving benefits of sensible safeguards. For Dudley, the goal is a regulatory clearcut,

and she is well-acquainted with the tools to achieve it.

Ties to corporate special interests. The third reason why she should not

serve as OIRA administrator is her ties to regulated industry. Prior to her

nomination, Susan Dudley worked for the corporate-founded and -funded

Mercatus Center, whose donors have included companies with long records of

pushing for deregulations, such as BP Amoco, Exxon Mobil Corporation, General

Motors, JP Morgan Chase, Merrill Lynch, Pfizer, and State Farm Insurance

Companies, as well as individuals from the corporate world such as David Koch, an

executive vice president of Koch Industries,3

who personally provided $100,000 in

2005.4

 </http></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><http mercatus.org="" repository="" doclib="" mc_rsp_pic1998-04_nhtsaairbags_981130.pdf="">
</http></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><http mercatus.org="" repository="" doclib="" mc_rsp_pic1998-04_nhtsaairbags_981130.pdf="">Such ties to regulated industry suggest that Dudley, like Graham before her,

would use OIRA as corporate special interests’ private backdoor for influencing

policy.

If Dudley is made OIRA administrator, she will sit in the catbird seat,

overseeing the entire executive regulatory process. Only the independent

regulatory agencies will be outside her direct regulatory reach. No significant

safety, health, environmental, or any other proposed or final rules can be issued

without OIRA’s approval. Nor, under the Paperwork Reduction Act, can any

government agency gather information from ten or more entities, a move which is

often essential for the research that justifies regulation, without approval from

OIRA. Through these mechanisms, OIRA can slow, stall, weaken or stop

regulatory proposals and final rules that the regulated industry opposes.

Like John Graham, Dudley is well acquainted with the regulation-stalling

techniques that induce “paralysis by analysis.” As demonstrated by her writings,

Dudley wants federal agencies to wait to impose rules until near-perfect estimates

of the precise causes and effects of the hazards to be regulated are known. But

regulators often know that a substance or product is dangerous long before they

can measure the exact magnitude of the harm, extent of the exposure, or exact

mechanism by which a substance acts on the human body or environment.

Collecting this secondary information can take years — years during which the

public will continue to be exposed.

3  </http></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><http mercatus.org="" repository="" doclib="" mc_rsp_pic1998-04_nhtsaairbags_981130.pdf="">
</http></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><http mercatus.org="" repository="" doclib="" mc_rsp_pic1998-04_nhtsaairbags_981130.pdf="">David H. Koch Charitable Foundation, IRS Form 990, 1999 and 2000.

The Campaign for George Mason University, Fast Facts, Oct. 27, 2005, available at

<http www.gmu.edu="" development="" pubs="" fastfacts="" october_2005="" email.htm=""> (last accessed

Feb. 23, 2006).

6 SUSAN DUDLEY: THE COST IS TOO HIGH</http></http></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><http mercatus.org="" repository="" doclib="" mc_rsp_pic1998-04_nhtsaairbags_981130.pdf=""><http www.gmu.edu="" development="" pubs="" fastfacts="" october_2005="" email.htm="">
</http></http></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><http mercatus.org="" repository="" doclib="" mc_rsp_pic1998-04_nhtsaairbags_981130.pdf=""><http www.gmu.edu="" development="" pubs="" fastfacts="" october_2005="" email.htm=""><b> And Dudley even goes a step farther than Graham, who relied primarily on

cost-benefit analysis (CBA)</b> to stall regulations by demanding that their benefits

outweigh their costs. Dudley believes that an agency must do more than prove that

a regulation’s benefits outweigh its costs. Dudley has stated that “[e]ven policies

supported by the best benefit-cost analysis are not likely to be socially optimal

substitutes for market forces unless they correct a market failure.”5

With her

skepticism about whether regulation can serve any goal other than correcting a

market failure (which, as she has defined it, would be an impossibility), Dudley

would bog the agencies down in endless analysis, stalling regulations and leaving

the public at risk. Paralysis by analysis is just one way in which Dudley could

cripple public and environmental safeguards as OIRA administrator.

Susan Dudley’s nomination is a threat to the health and safety of the public

and the protection of the environment. Her extremist anti-regulatory ideology

served well the Mercatus Center’s corporate funders, but it would not serve well

the American public. For the reasons detailed in this report, Susan Dudley should

not be OIRA administrator. In words Dudley herself would surely understand, the

cost is too high. </http></http></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/dudleyreport.pdf">https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/dudleyreport.pdf</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">THE COST IS TOO HIGH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How Susan Dudley Threatens Public Protections</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Introduction................................................................................3</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Get to Know Susan Dudley: A Case Example ..............................7</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Manufacturers Fail to Provide Safe Air Bags; NHTSA Takes Action ........ 7</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leave it to the Market… ......................................................................... 8</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Conclusion............................................................................................ 13</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dudley’s Impossible Requirements.............................................15</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Market Never Fails ........................................................................ 16</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We Can Never Know Enough ............................................................... 19</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leaving It to the States .......................................................................... 22</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Case in Point: Dudley’s Impossible Requirements in Action ......25</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dudley’s Radical Ideas ..............................................................29</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Regulatory Sunsets ................................................................................ 30</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Regulatory Rationing ............................................................................ 32</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">More Costs, Fewer Benefits................................................................... 35</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Radical Wrecking Ball ........................................................................... 41</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Where Does She Get These Radical Ideas?..................................43</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Meet the Mercatus Center..................................................................... 43</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Birth and Development of the Center.................................................... 43</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Money, Power & Influence ................................................................... 45</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Conclusion................................................................................57</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Appendices</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> A. Mercatus Center Founders Circle 2004</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> B. Agencies and Regulations Targeted by Mercatus’s Submission to OIRA in 2001</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> C. Mercatus Center Contributors Affected by Federal Regulatory Proposals</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Challenged by the Mercatus Center in 2001</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> D. The Mercatus Center’s Toxic Mix of Money, Power, & Influence: A Case in</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Point</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> E. Dudleynomics in Action</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.npr.org/2016/12/06/504590408/republicans-raise-concerns-about-uptick-in-midnight-regulations">https://www.npr.org/2016/12/06/504590408/republicans-raise-concerns-about-uptick-in-midnight-regulations</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Department of Homeland Security issued a regulation Tuesday putting restrictions on the kinds of archaeological materials that can be imported from Egypt.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That may not sound like a big deal unless maybe you're a collector or a museum. There are lots of federal regulations taking effect every day, and in fact there's been an uptick as the Obama administration's time in office wanes.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Such an increase is troubling to Republicans, but gives hope to those who want new policies in place before a new administration moves into the White House.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">They're called "midnight regulations," implying they are issued in the dark of night or at the last hour of an outgoing administration.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Susan Dudley, director of the Regulatory Studies Center at George Washington University defined them more broadly.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"I tend to think of true midnight regulations as those issued after the elections," during the three months between election day and inauguration day, she said.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dudley said that in every recent administration, regardless of party, "we tend to see an uptick in regulatory activity in that window."</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The GW center said there are now some 340 significant regulations in the works that fit that bill. Fifty-nine of those are deemed economically significant, which means they are expected to have a impact on the economy of $100 million or more.</font></p><aside id="ad-backstage-wrap" aria-label="advertisement" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><aside id="ad-mobilebackfill-wrap" aria-label="advertisement" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">White House spokesman Josh Earnest pushed back against the notion that the Obama administration is working overtime to issue new regulations.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The regulatory work that's being done in this administration is not going to be characterized by a last minute rush on the way out the door," Earnest said. "I think what it will be characterized by is a continuous and persistent effort to complete the work that's already been started."</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Groups concerned about the environment hope the administration will issue new rules on <b>energy efficiency for appliances and protecting the Arctic.</b> David Goldston, director of Government Affairs at the Natural Resources Defense Council said those "are probably two of the most prominent remaining sets."</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Expanding public lands, including a proposed "Bears Ears" National Monument in Utah is also on the wish list.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Republicans in Congress, meanwhile, are telling the Obama administration to stop issuing regulations entirely.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wis.</b>, has sent that message to a number of agencies, including the Department of Labor about its rule expanding the number of salaried employees eligible for overtime (which has been blocked by a Federal judge,) the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Food and Drug Administration, over its already-implemented regulations on e-cigarettes.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Johnson wants the FDA to "take a pause on" the vaping regulation, because it could put "an entire industry or most of an industry out of business, thousand of workers out of work and you could really harm people."</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Johnson said the Obama administration has been in "overdrive" in terms of issuing major regulations, and that it will be the Senate's job "to really prioritize" and eliminate those regulations "where the costs far exceed any kind of benefit" and make American workers less competitive.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Congress can overturn regulations issued in the last 60 working days under the Congressional Review Act. They'll have to prioritize though, because such votes take valuable time in the Senate, which also needs to act on hundreds of Trump administration nominees and pass a budget.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Goldston of the NRDC says though many regulations, which may not be popular with lawmakers sometimes are to their constituents.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Often there's kind of this general visceral reaction against regulation," Goldston said. "But once the public is looking at a specific protection where they see the reason for it they generally react badly to it being reversed."</font></p></aside></aside></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">off bs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div class="header clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; clear: both; zoom: 1;"><table class="noBorders" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: auto; border: 0px none !important;"><tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border: 0px none !important;"><div class="field field-name-field-person-official-title field-type-text field-label-hidden" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Director, GW Regulatory Studies Center & Distinguished Professor of Practice Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Public Administration</font></div></div></div></td></tr><tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><th style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Faculty:</font></th><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Full-Time</font></td></tr><tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><th style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Office:</font></th><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border: 0px none !important;"><div class="field field-name-field-person-office field-type-text field-label-hidden" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">612</font></div></div></div></td></tr><tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><th style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Address:</font></th><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Media and Public Affairs Building
805 21st St. NW
Washington, DC, 
20052</font></td></tr><tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><th style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Phone:</font></th><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">202-994-7543</font></td></tr><tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><th style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fax:</font></th><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">202-994-6792</font></td></tr><tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><th style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Email:</font></th><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font><div class="field field-name-field-person-email field-type-text field-label-hidden" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font color="#000000" /></a><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font color="#000000" /></a><font color="#000000"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></a><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000" /></font></a><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></a><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="mailto:sdudley@gwu.edu" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">sdudley@gwu.edu</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></td></tr><tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><th style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0px 0px; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; border: 0px none !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Website:</font></th><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: top; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; border: 0px none !important;"><div class="field field-name-field-person-website field-type-link-field field-label-hidden" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><a href="http://tspppa.gwu.edu/sites/tspppa.gwu.edu/files/Dudley%20CV%202015-03.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan Dudley's CV</font></a></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="article" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: url(" sites="sites" all="all" themes="themes" gwu="gwu" images="images" bg-main-gradient.png="bg-main-gradient.png" background-position="background-position" center="center" em="em" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" repeat-x="repeat-x" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" line-height="line-height" inherit="inherit"><div class="sub-section clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; clear: both; zoom: 1;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Areas of Expertise</font></h3></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field field-name-field-person-expertise field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden prose" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><ul style="margin: 12px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 13px; list-style-position: inside; list-style-image: initial; clear: both; width: 460px;"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Regulatory policy</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Federal regulatory procedure</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Benefit-cost analysis</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Risk assessment</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental policy</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Health & safety regulation</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Financial market regulation</font></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sub-section clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; clear: both; zoom: 1;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden prose" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Susan Dudley is director of the <a href="http://regulatorystudies.gwu.edu/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center</a> and <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">distinguished <b>professor of practice</b></span> in the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration. </font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">She is past president of the Society for Benefit Cost Analysis, a senior fellow with the Administrative Conference of the United States, a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration, on the board of the National Federation of Independent Businesses Legal Center and Economists Incorporated,and on the executive committee of the Federalist Society Administrative Law Group.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Professor Dudley served as the Presidentially-appointed Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, directed the Regulatory Studies Program at the Mercatus Center, <b>taught courses on regulation at the George Mason University School of Law,</b> served as a staff economist at OIRA, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and as a consultant to government and private clients at Economists Incorporated. </font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">She holds a Master of Science degree from the Sloan School of Management at MIT and a Bachelor of Science degree (summa cum laude) in Resource Economics from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Her book, <a href="http://mercatus.org/sites/default/files/RegulatoryPrimer_DudleyBrito_0.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">Regulation: A Primer</a>, with Jerry Brito, is available on Amazon.com.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sub-section clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; clear: both; zoom: 1;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Education</font></h3></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field field-name-field-person-education field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden prose" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Master of Science degree from the Sloan School of Management at MIT</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.538em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bachelor of Science degree (summa cum laude) in Resource Economics from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.</font></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sub-section clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; clear: both; zoom: 1;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Publications</font></h3></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field field-name-field-person-publications field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden prose" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><h4 style="margin: 12px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Selected Publications:</font></h4><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13669877.2013.873478" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">“Comment on Löfstedt’s ‘The substitution principle in chemical regulation: a constructive critique,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">’”</span></em></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Journal of Risk Research, </span>January 2014.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/regulation/2014/1/regulation-v36n4-10_0.pdf#page=2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">“Making the <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Social Cost of Carbon more Social,”</span></a> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Regulation, </span>Vol. 36, Number 4. Winter 2013/2014, with Brian F. Mannix and Sofie E. Miller.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://research.columbian.gwu.edu/regulatorystudies/sites/default/files/u41/2014_RegulatorsBudget.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">Sequester’s Impact on Regulatory Agencies Modest: An Analysis of the U.S. Budget for Fiscal Years 2013 and 2014</em></a>,<em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"> a joint report of the GW Regulatory Studies Center and the </em>Weidenbaum Center at Washington University in St. Louis.  With Melinda Warren, July 22, 2013.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> “<a href="http://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/regulation/2013/3/v36n1-14.pdf#page=2" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">The EPA’s Implausible Return on its Fine Particulate Standard</a>,” Regulation, Vol. 36, Number 1. Spring 2013.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Is the Execution of the Law Hyper-Partisan?” <a href="http://www.law.georgetown.edu/academics/law-journals/gjlpp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">The Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy</em></a>, Vol. 10 (summer 2012)</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Regulation-Primer-Susan-E-Dudley/dp/0983607737/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345407610&sr=8-1&keywords=dudley+regulation+primer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">Regulation: A Primer</em></a>. The George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center and the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. August 2012. With Jerry Brito.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Perpetuating Puffery: An Analysis of the Composition of OMB’s Reported Benefits of Regulation,” <a href="http://www.palgrave-journals.com/be/journal/v47/n3/abs/be201214a.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">Business Economics</em></a>, Vol. 47, No. 3. National Association for Business Economics, August 2012.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Improving the Use of Science to Inform Environmental Regulation,”</span> in <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">Institutions and Incentives in Regulatory Science, </em>Jason Scott Johnston, ed. Lexington Books 2012. With George M. Gray.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Observations on OIRA’s 30<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em;">th</span> Anniversary,” <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">Administrative Law Review</em>, Vol. 63, Special Edition 2011.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> “<a href="http://www.fed-soc.org/publications/detail/prospects-for-regulatory-reform-in-2011" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">Prospects for Regulatory Reform in 2011</a>,” <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">Engage, </em>Volume 12, Issue 1, June 2011.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"> “</em><a href="http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv34n1/regv34n1-2.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">Alfred Kahn, 1917-2010</a><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">,” </em><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;">Regulation</em>, Vol. 34, No. 1, Spring 2011.</font></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sub-section clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; clear: both; zoom: 1;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; font-weight: normal;"><div class="field field-name-field-generic-label field-type-text field-label-hidden" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Personal Interests</font></div></div></div></h3></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field field-name-field-generic-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden prose" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><ul style="margin: 12px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 13px; list-style-position: inside; list-style-image: initial; clear: both; width: 460px;"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hiking & canoeing</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nature travel</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Natural resource and historic preservation</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reading</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Good food and wine</font></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sub-section clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; clear: both; zoom: 1;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Distinctions</font></h3></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field field-name-field-person-distinctions field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden prose" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><ul style="margin: 12px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 13px; list-style-position: inside; list-style-image: initial; clear: both; width: 460px;"><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Public member of the Administrative Conference of the United States</font></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Board member of the Society for Benefit Cost Analysis</font></b></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Board member of the National Federation of Independent Businesses Legal Center</font></span></li><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 22px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; list-style: disc outside;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Executive committee member of the Federalist Society Administrative Law Group</font></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sub-section clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 2em 0px 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit; clear: both; zoom: 1;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px; font-weight: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Classes Taught</font></h3></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field field-name-field-person-classes field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden prose" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: inherit;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 20px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.538em;">PPPA 6056 </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 1.538em;"> Regulatory Comment Clinic</span></font></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="38" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQFQgmKAAwAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.npr.org/2016/11/25/503127009/vowing-to-roll-back-regulations-trump-faces-uphill-task" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Vowing To Roll Back Regulations, Trump Faces Uphill Task : NPR</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.npr.org/2016/11/.../vowing-to-roll-back-regulations-trump-faces-uphill-task</font></cite></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="">Nov 25, 2016 - </span>Wrong. "It's generally not easy to do that," says <span style="font-weight: bold;">Susan Dudley</span>, who heads the Regulatory Studies Center at George Washington University. Undoing regulations, she says, is neither quick nor simple. To repeal a regulation, Dudley says a federal agency "would have to go through the notice and comment ...</font></span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="41" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQFQgpKAEwAQ"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.npr.org/2016/12/06/504590408/republicans-raise-concerns-about-uptick-in-midnight-regulations" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Republicans Raise Concerns About Uptick In Midnight ... - NPR</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.npr.org/.../republicans-raise-concerns-about-uptick-in-midnight-regulations</font></cite></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="">Dec 6, 2016 - </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Susan Dudley</span>, director of the Regulatory Studies Center at George Washington University defined them more broadly. "I tend to think of true midnight regulations as those issued after the elections," during the three months between election day and inauguration day, she said. Dudley said that in every ...</font></span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="44" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQFQgsKAIwAg"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91356794" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Researchers Find Discriminating Plants : NPR</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91356794</font></cite></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="">Jun 10, 2008 - </span>The "sea rocket" shows preferential treatment to plants that are its kin. Evolutionary plant ecologist <span style="font-weight: bold;">Susan Dudley</span> of McMaster University in Ontario discusses her discovery.</font></span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="47" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQFQgvKAMwAw"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://tspppa.gwu.edu/susan-dudley" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan Dudley | Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Public ...</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;">https://tspppa.gwu.edu/susan-dudley</cite></font><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; 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display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Susan Dudley</span> is director of the George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center and distinguished professor of practice in the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration.</font></span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="53" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQFQg1KAQwBA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dudley" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan Dudley - Wikipedia</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _SWb" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dudley</cite></font><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=susan+dudley+npr&oq=susan+dudley+npr&aqs=chrome..69i57.5109j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b4" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQ7B0INzAE" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; user-select: none; background-image: none; 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padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; 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display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dudley+susan+dudley+npr&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQHwg6MAQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dudley+susan+dudley+npr&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQHwg6MAQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Susan</span> Elaine <span style="font-weight: bold;">Dudley</span> (born May 27, 1955) is an American academic who served as Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), Office of Management and Budget in the administration of George W. Bush. As such, <span style="font-weight: bold;">Dudley</span> was the top regulatory official at the White House.</font></span></a><div class="Tib" style=""><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dudley+susan+dudley+npr&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQHwg6MAQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Missing: <s>npr</s></font></a></div><div class="osl" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dudley+susan+dudley+npr&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQHwg6MAQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">‎</font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dudley#Career" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Career</a> · ‎<a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Dudley#Controversies" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Controversies</a></font></div></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="63" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQFQg_KAUwBQ"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/npr-employees-vent-in-fury-over-how-exec-handled-accusations/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">NPR employees vent fury over how exec handled harassment ...</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _SWb" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.seattletimes.com/.../npr-employees-vent-in-fury-over-how-exec-handled-ac...</font></cite></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="">Nov 3, 2017 - </span>At a packed staff meeting at <span style="font-weight: bold;">NPR's</span> headquarters in Washington, <span style="font-weight: bold;">NPR</span> employees criticized Chief Executive Jarl Mohn, who kept top editor Michael Oreskes on the job for months despite ... <span style="font-weight: bold;">Susan</span>Stamberg, one of <span style="font-weight: bold;">NPR's</span> founding journalists, called Friday's meeting with Mohn “free, frank and heartbreaking.</font></span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="66" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQFQhCKAYwBg"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/susanedudley" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan Dudley | Professional Profile - LinkedIn</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="Rm" style="font-style: normal;">https://www.linkedin.com/in/susanedudley</cite></font><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=susan+dudley+npr&oq=susan+dudley+npr&aqs=chrome..69i57.5109j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b6" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQ7B0IRDAG" style="border-radius: 0px; 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display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.linkedin.com/in/susanedudley+susan+dudley+npr&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQHwhGMAY" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">View <span style="font-weight: bold;">Susan Dudley's</span> profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Susan has 14 jobs listed on their profile. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Susan's connections and jobs at similar companies.</font></span></a><div class="Tib" style=""><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.linkedin.com/in/susanedudley+susan+dudley+npr&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQHwhGMAY" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Missing: <s>npr</s></font></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="72" data-ved="0ahUKEwjf1YHs5ajYAhVKOyYKHSxLCREQFQhIKAcwBw"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Trump Team To Discover Rolling Back Regulations Isn't Easy | NPR ...</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; 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padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="f" style="">Nov 23, 2016 - </span>As <span style="font-weight: bold;">NPR's</span> Brian Naylor reports, though, Trump has his work cut out for him. BRIAN NAYLOR, BYLINE: There are some 80,000 pages in the Federal Register, where all regulations are published. So you'd think it would be a simple task to pare back some of them. <span style="font-weight: bold;">SUSAN DUDLEY</span>: It's generally not easy to ...</font></span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">now at GWU</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">so is hubby? TY  - JOUR</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">AU  - Mannix, Brian F.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">AU  - Dudley, Susan E.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">TI  - THE LIMITS OF IRRATIONALITY AS A RATIONALE FOR REGULATION</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">JO  - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">JA  - J. Pol. Anal. Manage.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">VL  - 34</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">IS  - 3</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SN  - 1520-6688</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.21841</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">DO  - 10.1002/pam.21841</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SP  - 705</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">EP  - 712</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">PY  - 2015</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">(JG and Bolten princeton) new spin on pension plan?  as colleges are defunded?</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">recess appt 2007 oira</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">fedsoc expert:</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Brian F. Mannix, Buckland Mill Associates</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Brian Mannix is a research professor at the Regulatory Studies Center, George Washington University. He has served as Associate Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency for Policy, Economics, and Innovation (2005-2009); earlier he served as an economist in OMB’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (1981-1987), and as Virginia’s Deputy Secretary of Natural Resources (1996-1998). Brian was managing editor of Regulation magazine at the American Enterprise Institute (1987-1989). He has degrees in Mathematics, Chemistry, and Public Policy from Harvard University.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Federalist Society takes no position on particular legal or public policy issues. The people listed as Experts have spoken or otherwise participated in Federalist Society events, publications, or multimedia presentations. A person's appearance on this list does not imply any other endorsement or relationship between the person and the Federalist Society. All expressions of opinion by an expert are those of the expert.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Publications and Multimedia</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Highs–and Lows–of High-Frequency Trading - Podcast</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Corporations, Securities & Antitrust Practice Group Podcast</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">August 05, 2014</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Social Cost of Carbon</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Engage Volume 15, Issue 1</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">July 24, 2014</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Is EPA's NAAQS Process Inexorably Monotonic? - Podcast</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Environmental Law & Property Rights and Administrative Law & Regulation Practice Groups Podcast</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">September 09, 2013</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Benefit-Cost Analysis in Rulemaking: Ready for Prime Time? - Podcast</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Administrative Law & Regulation Practice Group Podcast</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">May 21, 2012</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">aei conf: </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">BRIAN F. MANNIX, Buckland Mill Associates</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“Whose Telescope is Defective? The Role of Discount-Rate Arbitrage in Energy and Climate Policy”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Moderator:</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SUSAN E. DUDLEY, The George Washington University</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">2:50 Panel IV: Climate Change and International Species Conservation</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Presenters: J. B. Ruhl, Florida State University College of Law</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Brian F. Mannix, Buckland Mill Associates</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael De Alessi, Reason Public Policy Institute</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Discussant: Rafe Petersen, Holland & Knight LLP</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Moderator: Kenneth P. Green, AEI</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Point/Counterpoint: Valuing Internalities in Regulatory Impact Analysis  </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">By Brian Mannix & Susan Dudley</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">June 11, 2015</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Brian Mannix & Susan Dudley debate Hunt Allcott & Cass Sunstein in the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 34, Issue 3 Summer 2015</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In this Point/Counterpoint series of 4 articles in the new issue of the Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, Brian Mannix & Susan Dudley engage in a back-and-forth with Hunt Allcott & Cass Sunstein on the advisability of regulatory interventions based solely on "internalities," which Allcott & Sunstein define as "costs we impose on ourselves by taking actions that are not in our own best interest." In "The Limits of Irrationality as a Rationale for Regulation" and "Please Don't Regulate my Internalities," Mannix & Dudley warn that "allowing regulators to control consumers 'for their own good' – based on some deficiency in the consumers themselves rather than any failure in the marketplace – is to abandon any serious attempt to keep regulatory policy grounded in any objective notion of the public good." (Let us know if you cannot access these articles.)</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Read the full articles in the Journal of Policy Analysis & Management</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">OMG</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">UCS:</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">When asked how to improve scientific integrity</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">EPA and NOAA scientists responded:</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“The unprecedented and unwarranted influence</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">of the EPA’s scientific work and findings by the</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">White House and OMB must end.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“OMB should stay out of NOAA decision-</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">making on scientific and policy issues – they</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">should stick to budget.” </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“[OMB] is a true source of frustration. ...</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> They</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">have hired their own scientists and play the ‘my</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">scientist is better than yours’ game.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“Get the OMB out of the business of reviewing</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">science—they do not have adequate staff or</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">adequately skilled staff to provide a scientific</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">review of everything EPA does.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“All communications between EPA and OMB</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">during the development of agency technical</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">products and actions should be preserved for the</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">public record.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“OMB is increasingly interfering in earlier</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">stages of projects... sometimes insisting on</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">methodologies that are less credible than those</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">selected by EPA scientists.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">For more information,</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">see www.ucsusa.org/surveys</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Problem: </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The two most recent administrators of the White</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">(OIRA, a part of the Office of Management and</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Budget) have greatly expanded OIRA’s power to</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">delay or halt regulations essential to the protection</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">of the health and safety of the American people. </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">President Bush’s first OIRA head, John Graham,</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">invited corporate special interests to create a list of</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">76 regulatory protections they wanted weakened or</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">eliminated. Even more insidious were the policies</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">he crafted to change the way that all federal</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">agencies conduct scientific peer review and risk</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">assessments. Graham's methodology for conducting</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">cost-benefit analyses was widely criticized for</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">weighting the scales against protective regulations</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">. </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Graham’s successor, Susan Dudley, oversaw the</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">expansion of OIRA’s role after President Bush</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">issued Executive Order 13422. This executive order</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">reduced transparency by placing politically</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">appointed regulatory policy officers in all</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">regulatory agencies and giving them more power to</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">sign off on agency regulations, expanded OIRA’s</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">review of guidance documents and elevated the</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">identification of market failures as a justification for</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">any new regulations. In addition, OIRA under</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley’s tenure directly meddled in the science</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">behind regulations for smog, greenhouse gases, and</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">the North Atlantic right whale.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">solutions:</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> Graham hired a handful of scientists to create</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> in-house scientific expertise at OIRA. The</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">agency then began to review and criticize the scien</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">tific basis for decisions such as EPA’s standards</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">for ozone, fine particulate matter and formaldehyde</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> pollution. This small number of in-house</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">scientists does not provide adequate scientific</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">expertise to credibly review scientific findings across</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">multiple agencies. It is inappropriate for the Whit</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">e House to second-guess the consensus of agency</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">specialists with decades of experience, and of advi-</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">sory committees composed of internationally</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">respected experts.  </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">desmog</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Koch Industries and Lobbying in Washington</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nancy Pfotenhauer, Koch, and Lobbying</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nancy Pfotenhauer (formerly Nancy Mitchell) was an advisor to Senator John McCain during his presidential election campaign, and a former director of Koch Industries’ Washington office.  Pfotenhauer was Koch Industries’ chief in-house lobbyist from 1996 to 2001.  Her lobbying efforts were focused on gas pipelines.  In 2001, Nancy Pfotenhauer left Koch Industries to become the president of the Independent Women’s Forum, a conservative research group that receivesfunding from Koch Industries. </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In 2003, the Independent Women’s Forum became affiliated with the Citizens for a Sound Economy (now Americans for Prosperity). Pfotenhauer served as president and CEO of Americans for Prosperity and executive vice president of policy for Citizens For a Sound Economy.  Citizens for a Sound Economy was co-founded by David H. Koch and has received$12,906,712 in grants from the Koch Family Foundations. Americans for Prosperity has received $1,000,000 in funding.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Mercatus Center</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Mercatus Center is a conservative think tank located at George Mason University that regularly lobbies in the federal government.  Koch Industries has funded the Mercatus Center since the 1980s.  </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Koch and the Bush Administration</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">During George W. Bush’s second presidential term, his administration tried several times to appoint individuals who were “pro-industry” to important environmental positions.  However, the Senate blocked the president’s continued efforts.  Included in the president’s nominations were Alex Beehler and Susan Dudley, both of whom have connections to Koch Industries.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan Dudley was the director of Regulatory Studies at the Mercatus Center.  Dudley opposes federal regulation.  She lobbied against the Environmental Protection Agency’s attempts to reduce smog, produce cleaner gasoline, and remove arsenics from drinking water.  President Bush nominated Dudley to be the Director of the White House Office of Management and Budget.  The person working in this position can interfere, without scrutiny, in the dealings of agencies such as the EPA.  This position can also be used as a conduit for industries to avoid federal health and environmental standards.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Bush also nominated Alex A. Beehler to be the Inspector General of the EPA.  The Inspector General oversees EPA management and conducts audits.  Beehler’s environemental highlights include:  lobbying for military activities to be exempt from environmental regulations, and trying to influence the EPA’s decision on creating a health standard forpercholorate, a rocket fuel component.  Perchlorate can impair fetal brain development and has contaminated water in 25U.S. states.  At Koch Industries, Beehler worked as the director of environemntal and regulatory affairs.  He also served as vice president for environmental projects at the Charles G. Koch Foundation.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">While the senate was not in session, George W. Bush by-passed the Senate and appointed Susan Dudley to be the Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.  She served as Director from 2007 to 2008.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">start of writeup in risk assess</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">OIRA: Bush 43 Susan Dudley OIRA under obama?! recess appt 2007</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Wiki: Dudley has been termed a conservative academic and her work at the Mercatus ("Market," in Latin) Center generally promoted market solutions over government regulation. She argued, for example, that consumers should be able to choose the efficiency of their household appliances, rather than have the government set energy efficiency standards. She also famously argued against an EPA effort to reduce surface ozone stating that smog-free skies would lead to significantly more skin cancers and cataracts.[3]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
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</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">On July 11 2008, Dudley publicly objected to EPA's analysis of various ways to control greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act, and transmitted the objections of four cabinet members and four other agency heads. All of these objections were published along with EPA's analysis, which it prepared in response to the April 2007 Supreme Court ruling that EPA has authority to regulate greenhouse gases. The act of an administration publishing a document and disavowing its own conclusions was described as an "extraordinary move" by the Wall Street Journal and "tortured policy" by the Washington Post. On April 17, 2009, the Obama administration took the next administrative step unde [CAT] would be far preferable.[note no cite]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
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</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">After we published this list in The Progress Report, Rep. Brad Miller (D-NC), Chairman of the Investigations and Oversight Subcommittee of the House Science and Technology Committee, contacted us to urge that OIRA head Susan Dudley be added to the list. Dudley headed the Mercatus Center at George Mason University before heading OIRA. “The Mercatus Center takes the view that regulation is never appropriate unless there has been a market failure, and the market never fails,” Miller said. “Dudley concocted elaborate explanations for how the market will eventually solve whatever the problem is. She was probably more responsible for EPA’s failings than Stephen Johnson.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">jm nyt:</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In the mid-eighties, the Kochs provided millions of dollars to George Mason University, in Arlington, Virginia, to set up another think tank. Now known as the Mercatus Center, it promotes itself as “the world’s premier university source for market-oriented ideas—bridging the gap between academic ideas and real-world problems.” Financial records show that the Koch family foundations have contributed more than thirty million dollars to George Mason, much of which has gone to the Mercatus Center, a nonprofit organization. “It’s ground zero for deregulation policy in Washington,” Rob Stein, the Democratic strategist, said. It is an unusual arrangement. “George Mason is a public university, and receives public funds,” Stein noted. “Virginia is hosting an institution that the Kochs practically control.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The founder of the Mercatus Center is Richard Fink, formerly an economist. Fink heads Koch Industries’ lobbying operation in Washington. In addition, he is the president of the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, the president of the Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation, a director of the Fred C. and Mary R. Koch Foundation, and a director and co-founder, with David Koch, of the Americans for Prosperity Foundation.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Fink, with his many titles, has become the central nervous system of the Kochtopus. He appears to have supplanted Ed Crane, the head of the Cato Institute, as the brothers’ main political lieutenant. Though David remains on the board at Cato, Charles Koch has fallen out with Crane. Associates suggested to me that Crane had been insufficiently respectful of Charles’s management philosophy, which he distilled into a book called “The Science of Success,” and trademarked under the name Market-Based Management, or M.B.M. In the book, Charles recommends instilling a company’s corporate culture with the competitiveness of the marketplace. Koch describes M.B.M. as a “holistic system” containing “five dimensions: vision, virtue and talents, knowledge processes, decision rights and incentives.” A top Cato Institute official told me that Charles “thinks he’s a genius. He’s the emperor, and he’s convinced he’s wearing clothes.” Fink, by contrast, has been far more embracing of Charles’s ideas. (Fink, like the Kochs, declined to be interviewed.)</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">At a 1995 conference for philanthropists, Fink adopted the language of economics when speaking about the Mercatus Center’s purpose. He said that grant-makers should use think tanks and political-action groups to convert intellectual raw materials into policy “products.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Wall Street Journal has called the Mercatus Center “the most important think tank you’ve never heard of,” and noted that fourteen of the twenty-three regulations that President George W. Bush placed on a “hit list” had been suggested first by Mercatus scholars. Fink told the paper that the Kochs have “other means of fighting [their] battles,” and that the Mercatus Center does not actively promote the company’s private interests. But Thomas McGarity, a law professor at the University of Texas, who specializes in environmental issues, told me that “Koch has been constantly in trouble with the E.P.A., and Mercatus has constantly hammered on the agency.” An environmental lawyer who has clashed with the Mercatus Center called it “a means of laundering economic aims.” The lawyer explained the strategy: “You take corporate money and give it to a neutral-sounding think tank,” which “hires people with pedigrees and academic degrees who put out credible-seeming studies. But they all coincide perfectly with the economic interests of their funders.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In 1997, for instance, the E.P.A. moved to reduce surface ozone, a form of pollution caused, in part, by emissions from oil refineries. Susan Dudley, an economist who became a top official at the Mercatus Center, criticized the proposed rule. The E.P.A., she argued, had not taken into account that smog-free skies would result in more cases of skin cancer. She projected that if pollution were controlled it would cause up to eleven thousand additional cases of skin cancer each year.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In 1999, the District of Columbia Circuit Court took up Dudley’s smog argument. Evaluating the E.P.A. rule, the court found that the E.P.A. had “explicitly disregarded” the “possible health benefits of ozone.” In another part of the opinion, the court ruled, 2-1, that the E.P.A. had overstepped its authority in calibrating standards for ozone emissions. As the Constitutional Accountability Center, a think tank, revealed, the judges in the majority had previously attended legal junkets, on a Montana ranch, that were arranged by the Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment—a group funded by Koch family foundations. The judges have claimed that the ruling was unaffected by their attendance....</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/08/30/covert-operations</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">---</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">MEET SUSAN B. DUDLEY</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Frank O’Donnell, president of Clean Air Watch, wrote in 2007 about George W. Bush’s re-nomination of “a veritable rogues’ gallery of anti-environmental figures to key posts in federal agencies.” O’Donnell said that Susan B. Dudley, one of the nominees, was “a true anti-regulatory zealot. As director of regulatory studies at the industry-funded Mercatus Center, Dudley was like a wrecking ball out to smash key safeguards.” He added, “Putting Dudley in this key federal post would be like naming comedian Michael Richards to head the U.S. Civil Rights Commission.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">According to Lee Fang of Think Progress, George W. Bush appointed Susan B. Dudley, the director of the Regulatory Studies Program at the Mercatus Center, to head the OMB Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA)—after the center had attacked the “EPA regulation of tailpipe greenhouse gases by challenging the science of climate change.” (Dudley’s was a recess appointment in 2007.)</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">O’Donnell said that as head of OIRA Dudley would have one “of the most obscure yet powerful jobs in Washington. The person in this position can, largely without public scrutiny, interfere with actions of agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency, and become a conduit for industries seeking to avoid federal health, environmental and safety standards.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Cost is Too High: How Susan Dudley Threatens Public Protections, a report produced by Public Citizen and OMB Watch in 2006, said that while Dudley worked at Mercatus, she “attacked proposed regulations in formal submissions to government agencies and orchestrated campaigns to derail other safeguards already on the books.” The report also claimed that Dudley displayed “an extreme anti-regulatory ideology” and “questioned the merit of regulation altogether in congressional testimony and regulatory comments, and she has urged weakening, if not eliminating entirely, public safeguards.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley worked to oppose public health regulations as a “hidden tax” that hinders profits when she was at Mercatus. She opposed all of the following: EPA plans that would have set tougher standards for smog; lower-polluting cars and SUVs—as well as cleaner gasoline; air bags in cars; stronger regulations for arsenic in drinking water; measures that could help curb global warming. (Think Progress)</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley has been quoted as stating that the “evidence regarding global warming and human contribution to it is mixed, and…if a slight warming does occur, historical evidence suggests it is likely to be beneficial, occurring at night, in the winter, and at the poles.” In her testimony before the Senate Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety/Committee on Environment and Public on April 24, 1997, Dudley said: “Ozone in the troposphere, like ozone in the stratosphere, has the beneficial effect of screening ultraviolet radiation, which is known to have various health and welfare effects including melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, cataracts, and crop and fishery damage.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), a nonprofit consortium of more than seventy universities that offer Ph.D.s in atmospheric and related sciences, doesn’t see it the same way Dudley does. UCAR has said the following about ozone in the troposphere:</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Ozone occurs naturally at ground-level in low concentrations. The two major sources of natural ground-level ozone are hydrocarbons, which are released by plants and soil, and small amounts of stratospheric ozone, which occasionally migrate down to the earth’s surface. Neither of these sources contributes enough ozone to be considered a threat to the health of humans or the environment.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">But the ozone that is a byproduct of certain human activities does become a problem at ground level and this is what we think of as ‘bad’ ozone. With increasing populations, more automobiles, and more industry, there’s more ozone in the lower atmosphere. Since 1900 the amount of ozone near the earth’s surface has more than doubled. Unlike most other air pollutants, ozone is not directly emitted from any one source. Tropospheric ozone is formed by the interaction of sunlight, particularly ultraviolet light, with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, which are emitted by automobiles, gasoline vapors, fossil fuel power plants, refineries, and certain other industries.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">And this is what UCAR said about the negative impacts of tropospheric ozone:</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">While stratospheric ozone shields us from ultraviolet radiation, in the troposphere this irritating, reactive molecule damages forests and crops; destroys nylon, rubber, and other materials; and injures or destroys living tissue. It is a particular threat to people who exercise outdoors or who already have respiratory problems.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Ozone affects plants in several ways. High concentrations of ozone cause plants to close their stomata. These are the cells on the underside of the plant that allow carbon dioxide and water to diffuse into the plant tissue. This slows down photosynthesis and plant growth. Ozone may also enter the plants through the stomata and directly damage internal cells.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Rubber, textile dyes, fibers, and certain paints may be weakened or damaged by exposure to ozone. Some elastic materials can become brittle and crack, while paints and fabric dyes may fade more quickly.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">When ozone pollution reaches high levels, pollution alerts are issued urging people with respiratory problems to take extra precautions or to remain indoors. Smog can damage respiratory tissues through inhalation. Ozone has been linked to tissue decay, the promotion of scar tissue formation, and cell damage by oxidation. It can impair an athlete’s performance, create more frequent attacks for individuals with asthma, cause eye irritation, chest pain, coughing, nausea, headaches and chest congestion and discomfort. It can worsen heart disease, bronchitis, and emphysema.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Prior to Dudley’s appointment to OIRA, Scott Silver, executive director of Wild Wilderness, wrote in an email exchange with Media Transparency that “Dudley would be the most anti-regulatory zealot within the Bush Administration, bar none. Her ideology is based upon a core belief that regulations are generally bad and there should be no regulation unless it can be proven to be cost effective and supported from within the market place.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Cost is Too High report said that Dudley’s radicalism put her “right at home at Mercatus”—which was “founded by corporate interests and endowed by large corporations, free-market oriented foundations, and leaders from the corporate world”  and “has long operated at the intersection of money, power, and influence in order to promote corporate special interests at the expense of the public interest.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Note: Susan B. Dudley is a Research Professor of Public Policy and Public Administration and is serving as the Director of the Regulatory Studies Center at George Washington University.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://jonathanturley.org/2011/10/10/the-mercatus-center-a-tentacle-of-the-deregulation-loving-kochtopus-helping-in-the-effort-to-deny-climate-change-and-eviscerate-the-epa/</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">=</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">ombwatch rept has hit list broken down by industry</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://dev.ombwatch.org/files/regs/2006/dudleyreport.pdf  70 pp downloaded</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">=</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">  srcwtch</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan E. Dudley was named April 4, 2007, in a recess appointment by President George W. Bush to be Director of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Dudley "will have an opportunity to change or block all regulations proposed by government agencies." [1]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley has been serving as a special advisor to the OIRA, which "reviews all proposed government rules." [2] She previously served as director of the Regulatory Studies Program at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Contents</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">[hide]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">1 Nominations to White House Regulatory Office</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">2 Dudley Argues For Less Information Release on Toxics</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">3 SourceWatch Resources</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">4 External links</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">4.1 Articles By Dudley</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">4.2 General Articles</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nominations to White House Regulatory Office</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">On July 31, 2006, President Bush nominated Dudley to head the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA). [3] Part of the OMB, the OIRA "reviews major agency regulations with an eye toward reducing compliance costs, and according to critics, easing burdens on companies," according to the Wall Street Journal. According to the Journal: [4]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Under Ms. Dudley, Mercatus has been a very active player at OIRA proceedings. Ultimately, 14 of the 23 rules the White House chose for its 2001 "hit list" were Mercatus entries. Ms. Dudley, who had an earlier turn as a staff economist at OIRA and the Environmental Protection Agency, calls herself a "free-market environmentalist," who wants to protect the environment through "market-based incentives."</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">On April 1, 2007, the Los Angeles Times reported that President Bush "has renominated three people for top jobs affecting the environment who were previously blocked in Congress because of their pro-industry views." Dudley, one of the three, was renominated to head OIRA. "According to industry lobbyists and Republican aides in Congress, Bush intends to skirt the Senate approval process if necessary by making recess appointments to put the three nominees in the posts," reported the Times. [5]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley Argues For Less Information Release on Toxics</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks Dudley complained that the Environmental Protection Agency had overstated the benefits of the Toxic Release Inventory. She went on to claim that there were national security risks to the disclosure of the information. "Perhaps more importantly, in light of recent events, EPA has not addressed the risks that making chemical risk information broadly available to potential terrorists can pose," she wrote. [6]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SourceWatch Resources</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">George Mason University</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Mercatus Center</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">White House Office of Management and Budget</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">External links</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Articles By Dudley</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">"Susan E. Dudley: Articles, Commentary, and Publications", Mercatus Center.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">General Articles</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">"Susan E. Dudley", accessed July 2006.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Bill Berkowitz, "Dudley Do-Wrong of George Mason University: White House appears set to name Susan Dudley of GMU's anti-regulatory Mercatus Center to a key post at the OMB", Media Transpraency, July 14, 2006.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Al Kamen, "I Am OMB and I Write the Rules", Washington Post, July 12, 2006.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The White House, Personnel Announcement, July 31, 2006.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Bob Davis, "White House Appoints Conservative Scholar To Regulatory Post," Wall Street Journal (sub req'd), August 1, 2006.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Judy Pasternak, "Bush again pushes 3 nominees seen as pro-industry: The president could skirt the Senate by using recess appointments," Los Angeles Times, April 1, 2007.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">OMB Watch and Public Citizen, "The Cost Is Too High: How Susan Dudley Threatens Public Protections", September 2006.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Judy Pasternak, "Bush again pushes 3 nominees seen as pro-industry. The president could skirt the Senate by using recess appointments," Los Angeles Times, April 1, 2007.404 see</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://web.archive.org/web/20121111224830/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/apr/01/nation/na-enviro1  Beehler, wehruns</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Joel Havemann, "With Senate on break, Bush appoints officials. The three, including a contentious regulatory director, most likely would not have been approved by lawmakers," Los Angeles Times, April 5, 2007</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Category: Think tanks/personnel</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">=</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://www.gwhatchet.com/2014/04/14/100000-donation-from-koch-brothers-supported-research-fellowships-internships-at-gw/</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Charles Koch Foundation donated more than $100,000 to support research fellowships in the GW School of Business and to the University's regulatory policy center in 2012, marking one of the largest donations to a University that the billionaire-backed organization gave that year.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The gifts were large enough to name GW as the charity’s 10th largest gift recipient that year, according to a report that the Center for Public Integrity released last month. For the past two years, the University hasn’t landed a gift from the organization, led by billionaire Charles Koch.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan Dudley, the director of the Regulatory Studies Center, said the funds help graduate students in the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration afford unpaid internships in the federal government. Before Dudley came to GW, she directed the George Mason University’s Mercatus Center, which received $8.4 million from Koch in 2012.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">GW's center, which Dudley established in 2009, focuses on research topics like regulatory risk assessment and reducing international trade and investment barriers. Though the Koch Foundation money has dried up, there was enough money to still support students to take unpaid internships this year.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Koch brothers, Charles and David Koch, whose multinational corporation Koch Industries invests in oil refining, energy and chemicals, tend to give donations to institutions with programs that emphasize economic deregulation. Koch Industries is the second-largest privately owned company in the U.S.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">University spokeswoman Maralee Csellar declined to comment further on the research that was funded by the six-figure gift, or how exactly the money was allocated.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In 2012, two of the six charitable foundations that the Koch brothers own gave a total of $12.7 million to more than 160 institutions, including New York University, Florida State University, University of North Carolina and Southern Methodist University, according to the Center for Public Integrity.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Charles Koch Foundation’s largest gift in 2012 was $8.5 million, which mostly went to George Mason University’s Mercatus Center, where Dudley previously worked.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Lee Gardner, a senior editor for the Chronicle of Higher Education, said officials have increasingly scrutinized donations from controversial figures like the Koch brothers, fearing that the highly public donations can influence curriculum or other decisions.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Some of those fears are founded. The Koch Foundation promised to give $1.5 million to Florida State University to pay for faculty positions in the school’s economics department, with the stipulation that Koch’s representatives would approve any hires. The foundation can withdraw its money if faculty don’t fit with the goals of a new program that promotes “political economy and free enterprise,” the Tampa Bay Times reported.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“Because of the Kochs' political dealings and evident political leanings, I think that people are a little more suspicious of any motives that might be behind Koch money, whereas they might not have the same reaction to a donation from Gates or Lumina,” Gardner said, referring to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Lumina Foundation.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Still, administrators and professors say gifts have no influence on what is taught in the classroom. The donation is also a fraction of GW's $120 million donations that fiscal year.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">David King, president of Atlanta-based fundraising group Alexander Haas, said skepticism surrounding Koch donations is based on liberal tendencies.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">“Labeling something as a controversial gift means you’re filtering it through own personal biases and deciding you don’t like it,” King said, “I think that’s an unfair way to characterize people’s generosity.”</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">GW has also accepted gifts from donors on the opposite side of the political spectrum. The Foundation to Promote Open Society, founded by George Soros, a billionaire supporter of liberal causes, gave $387,000 to the University for classes that touch on drug addiction and recovery.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The University has faced criticism in the past for accepting donations from controversial public figures. Members of a human rights organization protested in front of the building that holds GW’s top administrators two years ago, calling on GW to sever ties with billionaire Carlos Slim and rescind his invitation to Commencement.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Billionaire businessman Michael Milken and media mogul Sumner Redstone gave $80 million to GW’s public health school last month, representing the University’s largest-ever gifts. Milken’s philanthropy efforts are part of a revival after he pleaded guilty to felony charges of security fraud and conspiracy 20 years ago. He served 22 months in prison. gw hatchet</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">huffpo 2007</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">From a scientific standpoint, one of the silliest ideas ever invented by economists is that it's possible to do a valid "cost-benefit" analysis of harmful pollution, and a doubly-silly idea is that it makes sense to apply cost-benefit analysis to government regulation of trace-quantity toxic pollutant emissions, such as emissions of the chemical element lead.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The problem is no one ever knows all the variables and consequences, and quantifying the mess is a crapshoot numbers game usually played with loaded dice.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Does that deter the Bush administration? Absolutely not. In its consistent efforts to bushwhack the American public, the Bush administration has put in place as "White House czar of regulation," the infamous Friedmanic economist Susan E. Dudley, pro-business-</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">contra-life Czarina of Sophomoric "Cost-Benefit" Analysis of Regulations, wife of conservative economist Brian F. Mannix, the husband a political appointee of the Environmental Protection Agency. It's no surprise that upon her appointment, Dudley received a letter of congratulations from the National Association of Manufacturers. As of April 2007, Dudley is the top regulatory official at the White House.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Scientists these days are again worried about the element lead, and about how the new Czarina Susan E. Dudley may wreck current controls of lead emissions. Lead is an element of high toxicity to the developing nervous system of children, toxic in extremely low concentrations. There is presently no scientific bases for a threshold -- no one knows the level below which lead is safe for the developing nervous system.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The effects of lead on children are easy to state: Lead makes your children stupid. That's YOUR children, not children on Mars, your children as they breathe the air inside and outside your urban or suburban house, your children as they walk to school, as they walk in the mall, as they run around a basketball court, as they stand outside your house selling lemonade or cookies for the Girl Scouts. If you want brain-damaged kids, expose them to the element lead: the more lead they get, the more brain-damaged they will be.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The chemical symbol for the element lead is Pb (from the Latin plumbum). Think of "Pb" as "Pollution babies".</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Do we need more pollution babies in this country?</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Lead mangles the development of the growing brain, sometimes in hidden ways and sometimes in obvious ways. We still know little about how it does what it does. It's one of the most poisonous neurotropic heavy metals. It makes no difference how the lead gets into the child's system -- air, food, water -- once inside it's highly toxic to the nervous system, especially to the developing nervous system. Individual children vary in their susceptibility to damage by lead, and we don't know yet who is susceptible and who isn't.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The magazine Science reported last week (May 18, 2007) that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the White House are "reviewing" the current ambient air quality standard with respect to lead and expect to have a new and less stringent standard in place by the end of next year.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">So this is another song-and-dance number in the Bush conservative vaudeville act: Hail, hail, the gang's all here, we're pro-business, we're contra-life, God bless America, sis-boom-bah!</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan E. Dudley is a dangerous anti-regulation, contra-life conservative and she needs to be carefully watched by the media.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In the past, Dudley has called attempts by the EPA to keep arsenic out of drinking water "an unwelcome distraction".</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">She has opposed attempts to lower the levels of disease-causing smog. She says smog is beneficial and asthmatic children should just stay indoors.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">She has opposed automobile air-bag regulations.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">She believes consumers are too irrational to have a right to know about toxic hazards.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Consumers irrational? But she also argues that consumers should be able to choose the efficiency of their household appliances, rather than have the government set energy efficiency standards.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">No matter what, the Dudley twist is on: The less regulation the better, no matter the public injury.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">If Milton Friedman believed that corporations have no social responsibilities, Susan E. Dudley evidently believes the federal government also has no social responsibilities.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">So why is she collecting taxpayer money in salary? Does she work for the public or for the National Association of Manufacturers?</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">In any case, she's a nice addition to the White House S.P.I. --Saboteurs of the Public Interest. Welcome to the Land of Oz.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">George W. Bush may be a know-nothing president and a national disaster, but he's not the only dangerous person in the current administration. This administration has in place a cabal of free-</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">market-jungle radicals who apparently believe the ideal government is a representative corporatocracy. They are subversive anti-American long-range terrorists: they don't mind killing all of us over the long haul as long as their profits continue.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">They need to be exposed by the full light of the media -- not just occasionally but every day. Anyone in the federal government who works against the public interest needs to be exposed in a spotlight.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">And especially the new Czarina of Regulation, Susan E. Dudley.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">If not, then we're the idiots, not the people in the White House.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"></font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">wiki</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Susan E. Dudley (born May 27, 1955) is an American academic who served as Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), Office of Management and Budget in the administration of George W. Bush. As such, Dudley was the top regulatory official at the White House.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Contents   [hide] </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">1 Early life</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">2 Career</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">3 Controversies</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">4 See also</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">5 Notes and references</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">6 External links</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Early life[edit]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley was born in Massachusetts, USA. Dudley is married to Brian F. Mannix, an economist who also was a political appointee at the Environmental Protection Agency, serving as Associate Administrator for Policy, Economics, and Innovation from September 18, 2005, until January 20, 2009.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Career[edit]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Currently, Dudley is a Research Professor at the George Washington University Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration.[1] In September 2009, she founded the George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center, which "raise[s] awareness of regulations’ effects and improve[s] regulatory policy through research, education, and outreach."[2] In September 2010 Dudley was appointed as a member of the Administrative Conference of the United States.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">President Bush first nominated Dudley to serve as the OIRA Administrator on July 31, 2006. The Senate Governmental Affairs and Homeland Security Committee held a hearing on Ms. Dudley’s nomination on November 13, but did not hold a vote to confirm her. Bush re-nominated Dudley on January 9, 2007; appointed her to serve as a senior advisor at OIRA on January 30, 2007; and gave her a recess appointment as OIRA Administrator on April 4, 2007. On January 6, 2009, the recess appointment expired and Bush designated Dudley as Acting Administrator of OIRA until his term of office ended on January 20, 2009.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">From 1998 through January 2007, Dudley worked at the non-profit Mercatus Center at George Mason University, where she directed the Regulatory Studies Program from 2003 to 2006. As an adjunct professor at the George Mason University School of Law from 2002 to 2006, she designed and taught courses on regulations and led regulatory clinics. Earlier in her career, Dudley served as a career civil servant, working as a policy analyst at the Environmental Protection Agency (1984-1985), an economist at OIRA (1985 – 1989), and an economist advisor at the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (1989 - 1991). From 1991 until 1998, she was Vice President and Director of Environmental Analysis at Economists Incorporated, a consulting firm.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley has authored more than 25 publications on regulatory matters, including e-rulemaking, electricity, health care, the environment, and occupational safety. She has served on the boards of the Association of Private Enterprise Education, the International Foundation for Research in Experimental Economics—founded by Nobel Prize winning economist Vernon L. Smith, and the National Federation of Independent Business Legal Foundation (now the NFIB Small Business Legal Center). She has also served as a member of several committees and boards in the Commonwealth of Virginia, including the Virginia Environmental Education Advisory Committee (2000-2002), the Administrative Law Advisory Committee (2000-2003), and the Virginia Waste Management Board (1996-2001).</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley holds a Master of Science degree from the MIT Sloan School of Management (1981) and a Bachelor of Science degree (summa cum laude) in Resource Economics from the University of Massachusetts Amherst (1977).</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Controversies[edit]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dudley has been termed a conservative academic and her work at the Mercatus ("Market," in Latin) Center generally promoted market solutions over government regulation. She argued, for example, that consumers should be able to choose the efficiency of their household appliances, rather than have the government set energy efficiency standards. She also famously argued against an EPA effort to reduce surface ozone stating that smog-free skies would lead to significantly more skin cancers and cataracts.[3]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">On July 11 2008, Dudley publicly objected to EPA's analysis of various ways to control greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act, and transmitted the objections of four cabinet members and four other agency heads. All of these objections were published along with EPA's analysis, which it prepared in response to the April 2007 Supreme Court ruling that EPA has authority to regulate greenhouse gases. The act of an administration publishing a document and disavowing its own conclusions was described as an "extraordinary move" by the Wall Street Journal and "tortured policy" by the Washington Post. On April 17, 2009, the Obama administration took the next administrative step under the Clean Air Act by finding that greenhouse gases endanger public health and the environment; however, it reaffirmed the Bush administration's position that legislative action by Congress would be far preferable.[note no cite]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">See also[edit]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">List of U.S. executive branch 'czars'</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Notes and references[edit]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Jump up^ http://www.gwu.edu/_{regstudies/Scholars.html</font></a></div><div>}<a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Jump up^ http://www.gwu.edu/_{regstudies/Home.html</font></a></div><div>}<a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Jump up^ Ozone NAAQS Comments: Comments on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Proposed National Ambient Air Quality Standard , Susan E. Dudley, March 12, 1997, p. 4/ES-1, retrieved December 22, 2013</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">External links[edit]</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Public Citizen and OMB Watch report on Dudley background and nomination: "The Cost Is Too High: How Susan Dudley Threatens Public Protections"</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">White House Fact Sheet on Dudley</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letter of congratulations to Dudley from the National Association of Manufacturers</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Dudley-Mannix household's donation of $1,000.00 to Bush-Cheney '04 at fundrace.org</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">James L. Gattuso, Who Will Regulate the Regulators? The Battle Over Susan Dudley and OIRA, Heritage Foundation Webmemo #1250, Nov. 9, 2006.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">EPA Notice on Greenhouse Gases, including Dudley's objections. (5.8MB pdf)</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Supreme Court ruling 05-1120</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Categories: </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">1955 births Living people George W. Bush Administration personnel Administrators of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs MIT Sloan School of Management alumni Recess appointments during the George W. Bush administration Massachusetts Republican</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
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</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Then George W. Bush entered the White House in 2001, his campaign fattened with Koch money. Charles Koch may decry cronyism as "nothing more than welfare for the rich and powerful," but he put his company to work, hand in glove, with the Bush White House. Correspondence, contacts and visits among Koch Industries representatives and the Bush White House generated nearly 20,000 pages of records, according to a Rolling Stone FOIA request of the George W. Bush Presidential Library. In 2007, the administration installed a fiercely anti-regulatory academic, Susan Dudley, who hailed from the Koch-funded Mercatus Center at George Mason University, as its top regulatory official.</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Read more: http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/inside-the-koch-brothers-toxic-empire-20140924#ixzz3vBoKay5c </font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Follow us: @rollingstone on Twitter | RollingStone on Facebook</font></a></div><div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:lx6l3pl0ObIJ:nprillinois.org/post/trump-team-discover-rolling-back-regulatons-isnt-easy+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration-line: none; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">  ==</font></a></div>