Complexity Models

<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Helvetica;"><img src="/b278a38b-986e-5204-a087-a45bc5ec5714.png" /></span></p>

<p>2x2 Matrix: Klein, Russell, Weick, Dervin, Snowden</p>

<p>[Fostering Complexity Thinking in Action Research for Change in social&ndash;ecological Systems]</p>

<p>The discourse on complexity can be found in the literature of many academic and professional disciplines (Urry 2005), from&nbsp;</p>

<p>Business (Ostrom 2002, Snowden and Boone 2007)</p>

<p>Philosophy (Cilliers 1999, Ulanowicz 2009)</p>

<p>Education (Grimmet et al. 1990)</p>

<p>Economics (Ostrom 1990, 2002, Scharmer 2010)</p>

<p>Health (Zimmerman 1999, Jayasinghe 2011)</p>

<p>Leadership (Wheatley 2006)</p>

<p>Natural and social sciences (Kay et al. 1999, Levin 1998, Holling and Allen 2001, Funtowicz and Ravetz 1992, Nowotny et al. 2001, Mazzocchi 2008, Ulanowicz 2009)</p>

<p>Planning and policy (Mitchell 2009)</p>

<p>Public service (Raelin 2001)</p>

<p>Warfare and crime (Ward 2005, Habtemichael and Cloete 2010)</p>