prop 187
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">history pete w behind 20 pts kathleen brown, prop 187 boosted polls</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-june-25-2019/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://kpfa.org/episode/letters-and-politics-june-25-2019/</font></a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">john carlos frey sp bk sand and blood</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p></div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></div><div><table class="infobox" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-spacing: 3px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; line-height: 1.5em; width: 22em; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.25em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Proposition 187</font></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding: 0.2em;"><table class="wikitable" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-collapse: collapse; text-align: right; width: 25em;"><caption style="font-weight: bold; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); margin-bottom: -1px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Results</font></caption><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 17em; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);" /><th scope="col" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); width: 5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Votes</font></th><th scope="col" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); width: 7em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">%</font></th></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png" width="14" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/21px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/28px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /> <b>Yes</b></font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5,063,537</font></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; margin-right: 0.5em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">58.93%</font></b></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png" width="14" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/21px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/28px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /> <b>No</b></font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3,529,432</font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">41.07%</font></td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Valid votes</font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8,592,969</font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">96.54%</font></td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Invalid or blank votes</font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">307,667</font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.46%</font></td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Total votes</font></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8,900,636</font></b></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">100.00%</font></b></td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Registered voters/turnout</font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">14,723,784</font></td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">60.45%</font></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding: 0.2em;"><table border="1" class="wikitable" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 1em 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-collapse: collapse; width: 25em; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);"><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Results by county</font></th></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width: 296.156px; text-align: center;"><div class="floatnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CANov1994Prop187.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="CANov1994Prop187.svg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/CANov1994Prop187.svg/250px-CANov1994Prop187.svg.png" width="250" height="295" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/CANov1994Prop187.svg/375px-CANov1994Prop187.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/CANov1994Prop187.svg/500px-CANov1994Prop187.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="733" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr style="text-align: left;"><td style="vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width: auto; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border: 1px solid black; background-color: rgb(36, 177, 76);"> </span> Yes <span style="margin: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border: 1px solid black; background-color: rgb(223, 10, 36);"> </span> No</font></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; background: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/sov/1994-general/1994-general-sov.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">1994 Statement of Vote</a></font></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks hlist" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 22em; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; border-spacing: 0.4em 0px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em;"><tbody><tr><th style="padding: 0.2em 0.4em; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">Elections in California</font></a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_California.svg/180px-Seal_of_California.svg.png" width="180" height="180" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_California.svg/270px-Seal_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_California.svg/360px-Seal_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="399" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></font></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">Federal government</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle1" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_executive_branch" title="California executive branch" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">State government (executive)</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle2" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">State government (legislative)</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle3" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame4" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">State government (judicial)</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle4" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_ballot_proposition" title="California ballot proposition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">Propositions</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle5" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame6" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elections by year</font><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle6" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles#Government" title="Los Angeles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">Los Angeles</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle7" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame8" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego#Government" title="San Diego" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">San Diego</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle8" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_San_Francisco" title="Government of San Francisco" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">San Francisco</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle9" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em;"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" id="NavFrame10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; border-collapse: collapse;"><div class="NavHead" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background: transparent; position: relative; text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,California#Law_and_government" title="San Jose, California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">San Jose</font></a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle10" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 3px; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">[show]</font></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: right; padding-top: 0px;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="display: inline;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" display="display" inline="inline" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" line-height="line-height" inherit="inherit" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li class="nv-view" style="margin: 0px; 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text-decoration-style: initial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Elections_in_California&action=edit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none !important; padding: 0px !important;"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="border-bottom: none; cursor: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">California Proposition 187</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (also known as the </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><i>Save Our State</i> (SOS)</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> initiative) was a 1994 </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiatives_and_referendums_in_the_United_States" title="Initiatives and referendums in the United States" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">ballot initiative</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> to establish a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibit </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_aliens" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal aliens" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">illegal aliens</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> from using non-emergency health care, public education, and other services in the State of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">California</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Voters passed the proposed law at a referendum on November 8, 1994. The law was challenged in a legal suit and found unconstitutional by a federal district court.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> In 1999, Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Davis" title="Gray Davis" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Gray Davis</a> halted state appeals of this ruling.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Passage of Proposition 187 reflected state residents' concerns about <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_into_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigration into the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">illegal immigration into the United States</a>. Opponents believed the law was discriminatory against illegal immigrants of Hispanic or Asian origin; supporters maintained that their concerns were economic: that the state could not afford to provide social services for so many people who had entered the country illegally or overstayed their visas.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup> Republicans' embrace of Proposition 187 has been cited as a key factor for the decline of the Republican Party in California.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowler_3-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Bowler-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;">
</div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Background_and_passage" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Background and passage</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Key_elements_of_Proposition_187" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Key elements of Proposition 187</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Opposition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Opposition</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Legal_challenges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Legal challenges</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Legacy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Legacy</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Notes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Background_and_passage">Background and passage</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Proposition_187&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: Background and passage" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1994, California had an estimated 1.3 million illegal immigrants, which included approximately 308,000 children. Residents were increasingly concerned about the costs of providing services to the families of illegal immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-margolis_4-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-margolis-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">assemblyman</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Mountjoy" title="Dick Mountjoy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dick Mountjoy</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monrovia,California" title="Monrovia, California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Monrovia</a> introduced Proposition 187 to the state legislature as the "Save Our State" (SOS) initiative. It gained enough signatures to be placed on the ballot as a referendum vote during the general election on November 8, 1994. Originally one of several immigration reform bills placed before the California legislature in the early 1990s, polls surveying community responses showed that Proposition 187 began with widespread support - a 37-point lead in July 1994, and 62-29% lead among likely voters by September 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-cvf_5-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-cvf-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup> Proponents of the bill estimated that California spent $3 billion per year on services for illegal immigrants, about half of which provided education to children of illegal immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Governor</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Wilson" title="Pete Wilson" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Pete Wilson</a>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (US)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Republican</a>, was a prominent supporter of Proposition 187, which ultimately became a key issue during his 1994 re-election campaign against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (US)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Democratic</a> opponent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Brown" title="Kathleen Brown" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Kathleen Brown</a>. After facing record low approval ratings during his first term, Wilson trailed Brown in opinion polls by more than 20% early during the gubernatorial campaign. Commentators considered his aggressive support of the Proposition 187 as crucial to his re-election.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Decker_7-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Decker-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> days leading up to the election, Wilson said that he would require all state and local government employees to report suspected illegal immigrants to the Attorney General's Office if Proposition 187 passed. State Attorney General <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Lungren" title="Dan Lungren" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Dan Lungren</a>, also running for re-election, agreed to enforce emergency regulations to implement the law immediately after the election.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_California,1994" title="United States Senate election in California, 1994" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">United States Senate election in California, 1994</a> campaign, the incumbent Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Dianne Feinstein</a> and Republican challenger <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Huffington" title="Michael Huffington" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Michael Huffington</a> both adopted tough policies against illegal immigration. The candidates each revealed that they had previously hired illegal immigrants for housekeeping and childcare. Unlike Feinstein, Huffington had hired a housekeeper who was an illegal immigrant after the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_Reform_and_Control_Act_of_1986" title="Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986</a>, which made it illegal to knowingly hire illegal immigrants. Feinstein was narrowly re-elected</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Martin_8-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Martin-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">President<b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bill Clinton</a> urged Californians to reject Proposition 187</b> as an impediment to federal policy on immigration. After stating that "it is not wrong for you [Californians] to want to reduce illegal immigration," Clinton asked voters to allow the federal government to "keep working on what we're doing."<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_8-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Martin-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the days leading up to the referendum vote, Latino students organized large protests of Proposition 187 across the state, including a mass boycott of high schools. Their protests often included waving the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mexico" title="Flag of Mexico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mexican flag</a>, a controversial symbol that was described by opponents as counterproductive.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin_8-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Martin-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On <b>November 8, 1994, California voters approved the proposition by a wide margin: 59% to 41%</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup> According to the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Los Angeles Times</a></i> exit polls, 63% of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">non-Hispanic white</a>voters and 23% of Latino voters voted for Proposition 187; African-American and ethnic Asian voters split their voting equally for and against the law. Although non-Hispanic whites comprised 57% of California's population at the time, they comprised 81% of voters in the 1994 general election. Latinos totaled 8% of voters, although they comprised 26% of the state's population.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Among those who voted on the initiative</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, 78% of Republicans and 62% of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Independents</a> voted for it, while 64% of Democrats opposed it</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Section 1 of Proposition 187 provides this introduction:</font></p><blockquote style="overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 40px;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The People of California find and declare as follows:</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">That they have suffered and are s<b>uffering economic hardship caused by the presence of illegal aliens </b>in this state. That they have suffered and are suffering <b>personal injury and damage caused by the criminal conduct of illegal aliens in this state</b>. That they have a <b>right to the protection</b> of their government from any person or persons entering this country unlawfully</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></p></blockquote><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Key_elements_of_Proposition_187">Key elements of Proposition 187</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Proposition 187 included the following key elements:<sup id="cite_ref-cvf_5-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-cvf-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></font></p><ol style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">All law enforcement agents who suspect that a person who has been arrested is in violation of immigration laws must investigate the detainee's immigration status, and if they find evidence of illegality they must report it to the attorney general of California, and to the federal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Immigration and Naturalization Service</a> (INS). They must also notify the detainee of his or her apparent status as an alien.</font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Local governments are prohibited from preventing or limiting the fulfillment of this requirement.</b></font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">If government agents suspect anyone applying for benefits of being illegal immigrants, the agents must report their suspicions in writing to the appropriate enforcement authorities.</font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>A person shall not receive any public social services until he or she has been verified as a United States citizen or as a lawfully admitted alie</b>n.</font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A person shall not receive any <b>health care services </b>from a publicly funded health care facility until he or she meets the requirements above.</font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A <b>public elementary or secondary school shall not admit or permit the attendance</b> of any child until he or she meets the requirements above.</font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By 1996, each school district shall verify the legal status of each child enrolled within the district and the legal status of each parent or guardian of each child.</font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A child who is in violation of the requirements above shall not continue to attend the school 90 days from the date of notice to the attorney general and INS.</font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The attorney general must keep records on all such cases and make them available to any other government entity that wishes to inspect them.</font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The manufacture, distribution, sale, or use of false citizenship or residency documents is a state felony</b> punishable by imprisonment or fine.</font></li></ol><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Opposition">Opposition</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Proposition_187&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: Opposition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 202px;">
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:March_Against_Prop_187_in_Fresno_California_1994(35357476831).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data" /></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:March_Against_Prop_187_in_Fresno_California_1994(35357476831).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Protesters of Proposition 187 in </font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresno" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fresno</a>, California in 1994</font></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The bill passed with 59% in favor and 41% against at a 60% turnout. After the bill's passage, activists on campuses, churches, and ethnic communities in California and across the country rallied to express opposition to Proposition 187. Critics argued that the bill was xenophobic and discriminated against ethnic minorities, especially those of Latino origin. Others were fearful that the costs of a state-run citizenship screening system and the potential loss of federal funds would off-set any savings of denying public benefits to unlawful residents.</span><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> The day after the law was approved, an alliance of Latino and civil rights groups, including </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_American_Legal_Defense_and_Educational_Fund" title="Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">American Civil Liberties Union</a>, f</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">iled lawsuits against the measure in state court.</span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Multiple local governments outside California, including the city of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver,Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Denver, Colorado</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, threatened to boycott the state altogether. Latino organizations announced that they would not hold conventions in California and urged a boycott by their members and supporters of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Disneyland</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, a major tourist attraction.</span><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Proposition</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> 187 was widely supported by conservatives. However, some prominent conservatives, including former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressman" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressman" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Congressman</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Housing and Urban Development" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Jack Kemp</a>, former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Education" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Secretary of Education</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">William Bennett</a>, and unsuccessful Republican gubernatorial candidate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Unz" title="Ron Unz" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Ron Unz</a>, publicly opposed the initiative.</span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-15" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">[15</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-15" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Due to Proposition 187's statutes requiring children and their parents or legal guardians to prove their legal status, the California State <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parent-Teacher_Association" title="Parent-Teacher Association" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Parent-Teacher Association</a> joined in opposing the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a></sup> The Democratic gubernatorial candidate, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Davis" title="Gray Davis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gray Davis</a>, who succeeded Wilson, campaigned against Proposition 187. On October 16, 1994, three weeks before Proposition 187 was passed, more than 70,000 people marched in downtown <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Los Angeles</a> against the measure.<sup id="cite_ref-Rumbaut_18-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Rumbaut-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Mexican president, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Salinas_de_Gortari" title="Carlos Salinas de Gortari" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Carlos Salinas de Gortari</a>, decried the law as xenophobic and harmful to the human rights of migrant laborers. One week after the bill was approved, Salinas proposed cross-border discussions to develop a "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guest_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Guest worker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">guest worker</a>" program that would permit non-resident Mexicans to work legally in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a></sup> Such a program had been in place during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World War II</a>.</font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Legal_challenges">Legal challenges</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Proposition_187&action=edit§ion=4" title="Edit section: Legal challenges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The constitutionality of Proposition 187 was challenged by several lawsuits. On November 11, 1994, three days after the bill's passage, Federal Judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Matthew_Byrne,Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Matthew Byrne, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">W. Matthew Byrne</a> issued a temporary <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restraining_order" title="Restraining order" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">restraining order</a> against institution of the measure, which was filed by State Attorney General <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Lungren" title="Dan Lungren" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dan Lungren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a></sup> After Judge <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Pfaelzer" title="Mariana Pfaelzer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mariana Pfaelzer</a> issued a permanent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">injunction</a> of Proposition 187 in December 1994, blocking all provisions except those dealing with higher education and false documents, multiple cases were consolidated and brought before the federal court. In November 1997, Pfaelzer found the law to be unconstitutional on the basis that it infringed on the federal government's exclusive jurisdiction over matters relating to immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-Pfaelzer_21-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Pfaelzer-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a></sup> Pfaelzer also explained that Proposition 187's effect on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Responsibility_and_Work_Opportunity_Reconciliation_Act_of_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996</a>, the Congressional overhaul of the American welfare system, proved that the bill was a "scheme" to regulate immigration:</font></p><blockquote style="overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 40px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"California is powerless to enact its own legislative scheme to regulate immigration. It is likewise powerless to enact its own legislative scheme to regulate alien access to public benefits."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a></sup></font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Governor Wilson appealed the ruling, which brought the case to the federal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals</a>. But in 1999, the newly elected Democratic Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_Davis" title="Gray Davis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gray Davis</a> had the case brought before mediation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a></sup> His administration withdrew the appeal before the courts in July 1999, effectively killing the law.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">California repealed the unenforceable sections of Proposition 187 in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a></sup> In September 2014, California passed Bill SB 396 that removes passages from Prop. 187 from California's education, health and safety, and welfare codes, as a symbolic act after the repeal of Prop.187.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy" style="">Legacy</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Noting a rapid increase in the number of Latinos voting in California elections, some analysts cite Wilson and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Republican_Party" title="California Republican Party" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican Party's</a> embrace of Proposition 187 as a cause of the subsequent failure of the party to win statewide elections.</b><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A 2006 study published in the <i style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Journal_of_Political_Science" title="American Journal of Political Science" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">American Journal of Political Science</a></i> found that Republican support of Proposition 187 and two later state ballot initiatives—<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_209" title="California Proposition 209" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Proposition 209</a> in 1996, which ended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">affirmative action</a> at governmental institutions, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_227(1998)" title="California Proposition 227 (1998)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Proposition 227</a> in 1998, which limited <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingual_education" title="Bilingual education" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">bilingual education</a> in public schools—shifted both white and Latino voters in California away from identifying with the Republican Party and toward the Democratic Party.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Bowler_3-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Bowler-3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">[</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Bowler-3" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">3]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> The authors of the study said that the "results raise serious questions about the long-term efficacy of racially divisive strategies for electoral gain."</span><sup id="cite_ref-Bowler_3-2" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Bowler-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Studies published in 2001 and 2011 also show that Proposition 187 mobilized hispanic voters for the Democratic Party.</span><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> However, a 2018 study questioned the conventional wisdom that Proposition 187 led to an abrupt realignment in Latino voters' political preferences.</span><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Conservative group <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Eagle Forum</a> instead argues that immigration, whether legal or not, made California's electorate more liber</b>al.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a></sup> Fred Bauer of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Review</a></i> concurs, adding that Democrats have usually controlled both branches of the California state legislature since the 1960s and that the Democratic Party has had consistently strong support among both white and Hispanic voters in California.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a></sup> Bill Whalen, a former aide to Wilson, in an article for <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Forbes</a></i>, noted that Proposition 187 was popular among voters and that Republican struggles in California are partly due to women gradually moving away from the party for other reasons, particularly <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">reproductive rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whalen_34-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Whalen-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a></sup> Whalen also cited Schwarzenegger's reelection as governor in 2006, in which he won 39% of the votes cast by Latinos, as evidence that Proposition 187 did not harm Republicans' chances of being elected in California.<sup id="cite_ref-Whalen_34-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Whalen-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a></sup> Writing after Schwarzenegger's 2003 recall election victory, Debra J. Saunders of <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Weekly Standard</a></i> noted that he won the election despite voting for Proposition 187, which other publications had claimed would seriously jeopardize his bid.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Between 1995 and 2004 the following states passed similar ballot initiatives or laws: <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona</a>, </b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Colorado</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Florida</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia(U.S.state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Georgia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Illinois</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Nevada</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">New Mexico</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">New York</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Oklahoma</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Texas</a>.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lacayo_36-0" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Lacayo-36" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[36]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">During </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Donald Trump's 2016 U.S. presidential campaign</a>, his use of "anti-immigrant tactics"<sup id="cite_ref-Cadei_37-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Cadei-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[37]</a></sup> drew comparisons from media members to Wilson and California Proposition 187.<sup id="cite_ref-Cadei_37-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Cadei-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mehta_38-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Mehta-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[38]</a></sup> Seema Mehta of the <i style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Los Angeles Times</a></i> wrote, "Many have had a visceral reaction to Trump's proposals that include deporting 11 million people and building an enormous border wall. Protests greet Trump whenever he holds rallies in California."<sup id="cite_ref-Mehta_38-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Mehta-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[38]</a></sup>Emily Cadei of <i style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Newsweek</a></i> asserted that this tactic and its subsequent backlash could have far-reaching implications for the Republican Party, writing, "as Wilson and California’s Republicans discovered, it could lose them not just Latinos but a generation of voters for elections to come.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"</span><sup id="cite_ref-Cadei_37-2" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#cite_note-Cadei-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Proposition_187&action=edit§ion=6" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0.1em; line-height: 13.09px; display: table; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; display: table-row;"><span style="display: table-cell; padding: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="flag" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/48px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/64px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" style="border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 240); 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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="38" data-ved="0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQFQgmKAAwAA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQFggnMAA" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">California Proposition 187 - Wikipedia</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187</cite></font><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; 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padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187+prop+187+ca+wilson&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQHwgrMAA" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187+prop+187+ca+wilson&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQHwgrMAA" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-weight: bold;">California Proposition 187</span> was a 1994 ballot initiative to establish a state-run citizenship ..... Accessed December 17, 2008. [Transcript of interview with <span style="font-weight: bold;">Wilson</span> about <span style="font-weight: bold;">California Proposition 187</span>.] Lowry, Rich. "Working for Arnold: A Conversation ...</font></span></a><div class="osl" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187+prop+187+ca+wilson&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQHwgrMAA" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"></font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Background_and_passage" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187%23Background_and_passage&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQ0gIILSgAMAA" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Background and passage</a> · <a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Key_elements_of_Proposition_187" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187%23Key_elements_of_Proposition_187&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQ0gIILigBMAA" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Key elements of ...</a> · <a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Legal_challenges" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187%23Legal_challenges&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQ0gIILygCMAA" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Legal challenges</a> · <a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187#Legacy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187%23Legacy&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQ0gIIMCgDMAA" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Legacy</a></font></div></div><div jsl="$t t--ddbPTeIsNI;$x 0;" class="r-iRB7qd6J7XxY" data-ved="0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQ2Z0BCDEwAA"><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="57" data-ved="0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQFQg5KAEwAQ"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-on-politics-column-20170323-story.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-on-politics-column-20170323-story.html&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQFgg6MAE" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">Pete Wilson looks back on Proposition 187 and says, heck yeah, he'd ...</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-on-politics-column-20170323-story.html</cite></font><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=prop+187+ca+wilson&oq=prop+187+ca+wilson&aqs=chrome..69i57.5359j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b1" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQ7B0IOzAB" style="border-radius: 0px; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-on-politics-column-20170323-story.html+prop+187+ca+wilson&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQHwg-MAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-on-politics-column-20170323-story.html+prop+187+ca+wilson&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQHwg-MAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="">Mar 23, 2017 - </span>At age 83, former <span style="font-weight: bold;">California</span> Gov. Pete <span style="font-weight: bold;">Wilson</span> is waging one more campaign and this one's personal, shaping his legacy for supporting ...</font></span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div style=""><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.latimes.com/politics/la-me-on-politics-column-20170323-story.html+prop+187+ca+wilson&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI89utvZLcAhWM3oMKHUgSCDoQHwg-MAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" style="" color="#000000" face="Times New Roman">=</font></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>