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</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/08/07/the-ties-that-bind-on-capitol-hill" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/08/07/the-ties-that-bind-on-capitol-hill</font></a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div style=""><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Ties That Bind on Capitol Hill</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>By Juliet Eilperin</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">August 7, <b>2003</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">The rules are clear: Members of Congress cannot accept a meal from a lobbyist if the tab exceeds $50. Lobbyists cannot even use a House member's phone or fax machine while cooling their heels in a congressional office.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 153);">But if you are a lawmaker's spouse, sibling or child, there is not a single rule governing whether corporations, trade groups and others can hire you to lobby your relative -- and his or her colleagues -- on legislation vital to the clients</span>.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Politicians' familial ties to lobbyists are attracting new attention, as public watchdog groups and the news media scrutinize potential conflicts of interest. The problem has grown in recent years as lawmakers' spouses -- women, most often -- have developed careers in a city where many businesses revolve around the Capitol. Wary of shutting down these opportunities, House and Senate committees have opted for general and comparatively loose guidelines rather than establishing specific rules for family members.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dozens of senators and representatives are related to lobbyists who represent interests including the American Beekeeping Federation, Major League Baseball and the steel industry. While some lobbyists try to keep their distance, others appear less concerned.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Los Angeles Times recently chronicled how Sen. Harry M. Reid (D-Nev.) supported several measures promoted by his son and son-in-law, both lobbyists for Nevada interests</b>. Several times, Reid's relatives appealed to the senator's staff to help facilitate federal land swaps, protect mining interests and steer federal dollars to clients such as the University of Nevada at Reno. Reid did not tell colleagues or the public that the provisions he authored, many of which were obscure, benefited clients that paid his son and son-in-law $2 million in lobbying fees, according to the Times.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reid said he had "conversations" with the two relatives about their clients, but that the discussions were unrelated to his legislative actions. His staff also spoke with his son, Key G. Reid, who works for the Nevada law firm Lionel, Sawyer & Collins, and his <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">son-in-law, Steven Barringer, a lobbyist with McClure, <b>Gerard</b> & Neuenschwander.</span></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tessa Hafen, the senator's press secretary, said mining and gambling industries drive the state's economy. "Of course, Senator Reid, as a senator from that state, is going to represent those industries," Hafen said.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After a Los Angeles Times interview with Reid, his chief of staff issued a policy barring his son and son-in-law from lobbying the office. "Senator Reid has long held that elected leaders must take steps to prevent even the appearance of impropriety, and it has become clear this ban is necessary for that reason," the aide said.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sometimes senators produce results for their children's clients even if they've sworn off lobbying contacts.</span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Chester Trent Lott Jr., son of Sen. Trent Lott (R-Miss.) and a lobbyist with th</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">e Livingston Group,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> represents interests in Kentucky and Washington, including Louisiana-based Edison Chouest Offshore</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> which services vessels. Last fall, his father, the then-Senate majority leader, added a provision to legislation allowing foreign-built ships to conduct domestic trade along the United States' coasts, something that is barred under a 1920s law. That helped Edison build ships for ExxonMobil Corp, since it would let the company buy foreign oil tankers if it could not complete the job in time. Edison spokesman Lonnie Thibodeaux said he could not "discuss the matter at all. . . . Whatever is public record is public record."</span></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Livingston Group</b> spokesman William R. Teator, whose group works with the younger Lott, said the senator and his son have an agreement not to discuss clients. Sen. Lott did not return several calls.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Charles Lewis, executive director of the Center for Public Integrity, said the increasing coziness between politicians and their lobbyist relatives is "unseemly. It does seem to be getting out of hand."</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A lawmaker's ascension into leadership can directly help family members, Lewis noted, such as when then-House Majority Whip Tom DeLay's brother, Randy DeLay, recovered from financial problems after becoming a lobbyist. DeLay (R-Tex.) banned his brother from his office after an outside group filed an ethics complaint.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Joshua Hastert, son of Rep. J. Dennis Hastert (R-Ill.), signed up with a lobbying firm after his father was elected speaker.</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Several politicians and their relatives say they adhere to strict policies. Senate Minority Leader Thomas A. Daschle's wife, Linda H. Daschle, an aviation expert and former Clinton administration official, has nearly a dozen clients at Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz. But she refuses to lobby in the Senate, in the same way she did not lobby in the House when her husband, a South Dakota Democrat, was a representative.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Former Clinton administration aide Doris O. Matsui is registered for 70 clients at Collier Shannon Scott. Although many of these groups may have tax and trade interests, Matsui will not represent them on those issues because her husband, Rep. Robert T. Matsui (Calif.), is a senior Democrat on the Ways and Means Committee. She does not lobby any Ways and Means Committee member, Rep. Matsui said.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We don't talk about anything having to do with work," he said.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Others adopt more liberal standards. Joshua Hastert, who represents high-tech and small businesses at Federal Legislative Associates, will not approach his father but has not ruled out lobbying other House leaders, Hastert spokesman John Feehery said.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kimberly Dorgan, wife of Sen. Byron L. Dorgan (D-N.D.), is a senior lobbyist at the American Council of Life Insurers, which spent $3.36 million on lobbying last year. Kimberly Dorgan does not lobby her husband, but reserves the right to work his colleagues, said Jack Dolan, a spokesman for the ACLI. He said the group hired Dorgan five years ago because of her lengthy lobbying experience rather than her family ties.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The House and Senate ethics committees suggest that lawmakers rely on broader conflict-of-interest rules to guide their actions regarding spouses. These panels are silent on the question of other relatives' lobbying.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. Joel Hefley (R-Colo.), who chairs the House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, said the most common problem he sees is lawmakers' relatives taking advantage of relationships they have developed with the congressional colleagues of their spouse or parent. "It's something of concern," Hefley said. "I don't know exactly how to control it, unless there are [clear] violations."</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The House manual says: "Neither federal law nor House rules specifically precludes a member's spouse from engaging in any activity on the ground that it could create a conflict of interest with the member's official duties." But it cautions, "the question may arise as to whether the member is improperly benefiting as a result of the spouse's employment." The ethics committee tells lawmakers "to avoid situations in which even an inference might be drawn suggesting improper action."</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Senate Select Committee on Ethics, whose chairman,<b> George V. Voinovich (R-Ohio)</b>, declined to comment, has a similar policy.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Staff researcher Alice Crites contributed to this report.</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Linda H. Daschle, wife of Senate Minority Leader Thomas A. Daschle (D-S.D.), is a lobbyist with Baker, Donelson. Senate Minority Whip Harry M. Reid (D-Nev.) supported several measures promoted by lobbyist son and son-in-law. </span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Sen. Trent Lott (R-Miss.), right, the former majority leader, and his son, Chester Trent Lott Jr., who is a lobbyist with the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Livingston Group.</span></b></font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></dd><dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></dd><dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></dd><dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Remember <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a>'s (brief) successor Rep. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bob_Livingston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Livingston (page does not exist)">Bob Livingston</a>?</font></dd>

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<dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"The Livingston Group</b>, the firm of former House Appropriations Committee Chairman Bob Livingston, R-La., also has clients that are marketing new technologies in Washington. Livingston represents Innovative Emergency Management, a Baton Rouge, La., company that specializes in chemical and biological emergency response. The firm has done work with state governments and the U.S. Army; with Livingston's help, company executives were able to pay visits recently to officials from the Defense and Health and Human Services departments.</font></dd>

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<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Robert Linligthgow (Bob) Livingston, Jr.</b>, who represented Louisiana's First Congressional District 1977-2000 in the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=U.S._House_of_Representatives" title="U.S. House of Representatives" class="mw-redirect">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000371" class="external autonumber" title="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000371" rel="nofollow">[1]</a>, is an adviser to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">Center for Security Policy</a>. <a href="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1275" class="external autonumber" title="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1275" rel="nofollow">[2]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Livingston served 1974-1975 as Chief Special Prosecutor and Chief of Armed Robbery Division, Orleans Parish District Attorney's Office, and Assistant United States Attorney, Deputy Chief of Criminal Division, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a>, 1970-1973. <a href="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1275" class="external autonumber" title="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1275" rel="nofollow">[3]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Livingston is also a founding partner, president and CEO of the corporate law firm <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=The_Livingston_Group" title="The Livingston Group">The Livingston Group</a>, "whose clients include <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Raytheon" title="Raytheon">Raytheon</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>, the Cayman Islands, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Oracle" title="Oracle" class="mw-redirect">Oracle</a>, among many others," <i>Right Web</i> <a href="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1275" class="external text" title="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1275" rel="nofollow">reports</a>.</font></p>

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<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Director, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Seed_Foundation" title="Seed Foundation">Seed Foundation</a> <sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Robert_L._Livingston#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a></sup></font></li>

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<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch Resources</font></span></h2>

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<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition" title="Free Enterprise Coalition"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Free Enterprise Coalition</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Options,_Inc." title="Global Options, Inc."><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Global Options, Inc.</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=International_Foundation_for_Election_Systems" title="International Foundation for Election Systems"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">International Foundation for Election Systems</font></a></li>

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<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External links</font></span></h2>

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<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1275" class="external text" title="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/1275" rel="nofollow">Profile: Robert L. Livingston</a>, <i>Right Web</i>.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/12/19/livingston.quits/" class="external text" title="http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/12/19/livingston.quits/" rel="nofollow">"Livingston bows out of the speakership. He makes a stunning announcement on House floor; Clinton urges him to reconsider,"</a> AllPolitics (CNN), December 19, 1998.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mrs. Panstreppon, <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">"Free Enterprise Coalition: GOP Vanishing Act,"</a> <i>TPM Cafe</i>, May 27, 2007.</font></li>

</ul>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Livingston Group</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(TLG) is a Washington D.C.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_relations" title="Public relations" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">public relations</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lobbying" title="Lobbying" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">lobbying</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>company formed in 1999 by former Republican representative<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_L._Livingston" title="Robert L. Livingston" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Robert L. Livingston</a>.</font></p>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></h2>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#Personnel" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">Personnel</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#Lobbying_for_Egypt" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">2</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">Lobbying for Egypt</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#Clients" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">Clients</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#Contact_information" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">4</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">Contact information</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#Articles_and_resources" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">Articles and resources</span></a>

</font><ul style=" line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left;">

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">Related SourceWatch articles</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">References</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#External_resources" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">External resources</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#External_articles" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="toctext">External articles</span></font></a></li>

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<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The firm has an extensive network of over 40 principals, consultants and international associates -- including Republican and Democratic former Members of Congress, staff, Administration officials, staff of Governors, other state and local representatives and corporate executives," the company website states.</font></p>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_L._Livingston" title="Robert L. Livingston" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Robert L. Livingston</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Toby_Moffet" title="Toby Moffet" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Toby Moffet</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lauri_Fitz-Pegado" title="Lauri Fitz-Pegado" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Lauri Fitz-Pegado</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dennis_Hertel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Hertel (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Dennis Hertel</a>, "a former six-term [Democratic] congressman from Michigan"<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://legaltimes.typepad.com/blt/2007/12/livingston-name.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[1]</a></font></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lobbying_for_Egypt"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lobbying for Egypt</font></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"January 27, 2012: In an email to Politico, former Congressman Robert Livingston confirms that the lobbying firms the Livingston Group, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Moffett_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moffett Group (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Moffett Group</a>, and the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Podesta_Group" title="Podesta Group" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Podesta Group</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>which together represented the Egyptian government’s interests in Washington, had terminated their contract with the Egyptian government after coming under intense criticism for circulating talking points defending the raids on NGOs."<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#cite_note-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup></font></p>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Clients"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clients</font></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On its website the company boasts that it has "over 80 domestic and foreign clients".<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.livingstongroupdc.com/corporateoverview/corporateoverview.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[2]</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>On its website it lists a 'representative' sample of their clients - as of July 2004 - as including:</font></p>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Accenture" title="Accenture" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Accenture</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ADMIN 701</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Africa-America_Institute" title="Africa-America Institute" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Africa-America Institute</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Aztec</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brunswick</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Business Council of New Orleans</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/CACI_International" title="CACI International" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">CACI International</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Caithness Energy, LLC</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Case Western University</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cayman Islands</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Citizens suing for recompense for Iranian Terrorism</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">City of Baton Rouge, Louisiana</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">City of New Orleans, Louisiana</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Council_for_a_Democratic_Iran" title="Council for a Democratic Iran" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Council for a Democratic Iran</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup></font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Collegiate Funding</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Commonwealth of Kentucky</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Community Oncologists</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Currier Museum of Art</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Doley Securities</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Energy_Conversion_Devices&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy Conversion Devices (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Energy Conversion Devices</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Feld Entertainment</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Florida Department of Citrus</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Girls and Boys Town</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Glacier Society</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Goodyear" title="Goodyear" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Goodyear</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Greater New Orleans, Inc.</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The History Makers</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hoveround Corporation</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Innovative_Emergency_Management" title="Innovative Emergency Management" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Innovative Emergency Management</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Inspec Foam</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">International Shipholding Corp</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jacobus</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jefferson Parish</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JRL Enterprises</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marine Desalination Systems</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">McDermott International</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MIC Industries</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mote Marine Laboratory</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Capitol Concerts</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Milk Producers Federation</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Northrop Grumman</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Omega Protein</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Oracle" title="Oracle" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Oracle</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Orleans Parish-911</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Partnership_For_A_Drug-Free_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partnership For A Drug-Free America (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Partnership For A Drug-Free America</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PKD Foundation</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Port of New Orleans</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Raytheon" title="Raytheon" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Raytheon</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Republic of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Turkey" title="Turkey" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Turkey</a></font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rinker Materials</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rush University Medical Center</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Science & Engineering Associates</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sippican</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">South Florida Museum</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Southern Shrimp Alliance</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Southwest Missouri State</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Kingdom of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Morocco" title="Morocco" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Morocco</a></font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thermogenesis</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tulane University</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United to Secure America</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of New Orleans</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Verizon" title="Verizon" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Verizon</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Virginia Living Museum</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Waterways Council<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.livingstongroupdc.com/representativeclients/representativeclients.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[3]</a></font></li>

</ul>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Livingston Group’s Science, Technology and Telecom<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Practice_area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Practice area (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">practice area</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>lists CACI as a client.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.livingstongroupdc.com/practiceareas/science.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[4]</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>However, in August 2004, The Livingston Group’s Senate lobbying disclosure report revealed that the groups work for CACI came to an end on June 30, 2004.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://sopr.senate.gov/cgi-win/opr_gifviewer.exe?/2004/01/000/761/000761525" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[5]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Livingston Group's lobbying return to the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Department_of_Justice" title="Department of Justice" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Department of Justice</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>as required under the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Foreign Agents Registration Act</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>listed its work for the Embassy of the Republic of Turkey as providing "advice to the Ambassador from the Republic of Turkey. Numerous meetings were arranged with members of Congress, staff assistants, and other U.S. Government officials to discuss issues to create a more positive environment for Turkey." For the six month period to July 31, 2002 TLG earned $1,350,500.00.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/fara/Fara2nd02/REGS/05355.HTM" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[6]</a></font></p>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_information"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact information</font></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Livingston Group

499 South Capitol St SW # 600

Washington, DC 20003

Phone: 202) 289-9881

Fax: (202) 289-9877 (fax)

Web:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.livingstongroupdc.com/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">http://www.livingstongroupdc.com</a>

E-mail: info AT livingstongroupdc.com

 </font></p>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles_and_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and resources</font></span></h2>

<h3 style="background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch articles</font></span></h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Government-industry_revolving_door" title="Government-industry revolving door" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Government-industry revolving door</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joan_Galvin" title="Joan Galvin" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Joan Galvin</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></span></h3>

<li id="cite_note-0" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#cite_ref-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/POMED" title="POMED" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">POMED</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pomed.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Egypt-NGO-Backgrounder.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF/+17Es/QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI+Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f/l8V12Ti7uhFFgDj19b58EwXuqkAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">BACKGROUNDER: THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST NGOS IN EGYPT</a>, organizational web page, accessed April 19, 2012.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Livingston_Group#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/1022iran_livingston.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Iranian Exile Group Pays $$$ to Livingston</a>,"<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i>O'Dwyer's PR Daily</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(sub req'd), October 22, 2008.</span></font></li>

</ol>

<h3 style="background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External resources</font></span></h3>

<h3 style="background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External articles</font></span></h3>

</div>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Categories</a>:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>

</font><ul style=" line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">

</font><li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Lobbying_firms" title="Category:Lobbying firms" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Lobbying firms</a></font></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Public_relations_firms" title="Category:Public relations firms" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Public relations firms</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <b>Free Enterprise Coalition</b> (FEC) was a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Republican_Party" title="Republican Party" class="mw-redirect">Republican</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Front_group" title="Front group" class="mw-redirect">front group</a> established in 1998 and automatically terminated by the Virginia State Corporations Commission in January 2007: <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external autonumber" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></font></p>

<dl>

<dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"No website, no employees, a disconnected phone and a lapsed corporate registraton. Without the 990s, you would be hardpressed to know the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=GOP" title="GOP" class="mw-redirect">GOP</a> funneled $2.8 million through the Free Enterprise Coalition to fund election-related legal expenses between 2004 and 2005," Mrs. Panstreppon <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">wrote</a> May 28, 2007, at <i>TPM Cafe</i>.</font></dd>

</dl>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Although the Free Enterprise Coalition was registered September 19, 1998, Panstreppon <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">found</a>, "according to its 2004 990, the Coalition had little, if any, activity prior to 2004." Registered as a Virginia State Corporation, with the address 1323 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC 29201, the corporation was automatically terminated January 31, 2007.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Panstreppon consulted 990s to <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">find</a> that Free Enterprise Coalition board members—"and the number of hours per week they devoted to the Coalition"—included:</font></p>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Robert_L._Livingston" title="Robert L. Livingston">Robert L. Livingston</a>, Chairman</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Edward_T._McMullen" title="Edward T. McMullen">Edward T. McMullen</a>, Treasurer</font></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Richard_Heffley" title="Richard Heffley"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Richard Heffley</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dalton_L._Oldham" title="Dalton L. Oldham"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Dalton L. Oldham</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Oscar_Persons" title="Oscar Persons"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Oscar Persons</font></a></li>

</ul>

<hr />

<h2><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></h2>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition#Other_FEC_Affiliations"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Other FEC Affiliations</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition#Political_Contributions_.2F_Receipts"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Political Contributions / Receipts</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition#Legal_Cases"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Legal Cases</span></a>

</font><ul>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition#Texas"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Texas</span></font></a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition#Earlier_Free_Enterprise_Coalition"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Earlier Free Enterprise Coalition</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition#Contact_Information"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Contact Information</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition#Related_SourceWatch_Resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Related SourceWatch Resources</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Free_Enterprise_Coalition#External_links"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></font></a></li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other FEC Affiliations</font></span></h2>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.conquestgroup.com/Clients.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.conquestgroup.com/Clients.htm" rel="nofollow">Client</a> of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Conquest_Communications_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conquest Communications Group (page does not exist)">Conquest Communications Group</a>, a <a href="http://www.conquestgroup.com/AboutUs/bios.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.conquestgroup.com/AboutUs/bios.htm" rel="nofollow">Republican Party-affiliated</a> provider of "direct contact and message consulting services." <a href="http://www.conquestgroup.com/AboutUs/About.htm" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.conquestgroup.com/AboutUs/About.htm" rel="nofollow">[2]</a></font></li>

</ul>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_M._Todd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William M. Todd (page does not exist)">William M. Todd</a>, Esq., Sanders & Dempsey LLP, served as "general counsel for the Ohio Chamber of Commerce" as well as litigation counsel for Free Enterprise Coalition. <a href="http://www.tpmcafe.com/blog/ohiomeister/2006/nov/03/procter_and_gamble_paying_for_push_polls_to_buy_off_evangelicals" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.tpmcafe.com/blog/ohiomeister/2006/nov/03/procter_and_gamble_paying_for_push_polls_to_buy_off_evangelicals" rel="nofollow">[3]</a></font></li>

</ul>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Political Contributions / Receipts</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Panstreppon <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">found</a> "three instances of GOP candidates disbursing money to a Free Enterprise Coalition in Washington DC in 2006, one as recent as five months ago."</font></p>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"On 12/21/06, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mac_Thornberry" title="Mac Thornberry">Mac Thornberry</a> (R-TX) disbursed $10,000 to the Free Enterprise Coalition in Washington DC for legal expenses."</font></li>

</ul>

<dl>

<dd>

<dl>

<dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Panstreppon <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">notes</a>: "Thornberry paid the Free Enterprise Coaltion at the end of December [2006] yet the Coalition let its corporate registration lapse one month later. Seems to me that the Coalition was suddenly in a hurry to go out of business. Why? ... Maybe the Free Enterprise Coalition going out of business has something to do with the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bush_administration_U.S._attorney_firings_controversy" title="Bush administration U.S. attorney firings controversy">burgeoning DOJ scandal</a>."</font></dd>

</dl>

</dd>

</dl>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"On 9/14/06, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Michael_Burgess" title="Michael Burgess">Michael Burgess</a> (R-TX) <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/expendetail.asp?CID=N00025219&cycle=2006&name=Tom%20Delay%20Legal%20Expense%20Trust&Sort=T" class="external text" title="http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/expendetail.asp?CID=N00025219&cycle=2006&name=Tom%20Delay%20Legal%20Expense%20Trust&Sort=T" rel="nofollow">contributed $10,000</a> [September 14, 2006] to the Free Enterprise Coalition in Washington DC. The contribution is categorized as 'non-federal'."</font></li>

</ul>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"On 2/15/06 Kenny Marchant, a candidate for Texas state office, <a href="http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:WLD-KgfX3lsJ:txprod.ethics.state.tx.us/public/314347.pdf+%22Free+Enterprise+Coalition%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=36&gl=us" class="external text" title="http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:WLD-KgfX3lsJ:txprod.ethics.state.tx.us/public/314347.pdf+%22Free+Enterprise+Coalition%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=36&gl=us" rel="nofollow">contributed $7.500</a> to: Free Enterprise Coalition, 499 S. Capitol St, Ste 600, Washington DC 20003."</font></li>

</ul>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Additionally, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=John_Linder" title="John Linder">John Linder</a> (R-Ga.) <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/expend.asp?CID=N00002599&cycle=2006" class="external text" title="http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/expend.asp?CID=N00002599&cycle=2006" rel="nofollow">contributed</a> $1,225 for the 2005-2006 Cycle.</font>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Legal Cases</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On the internet, Panstreppon "<a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">found</a> only two references to legal cases involving the Coalition." The first was from a December 14, 2005, <a href="http://www.commondreams.org/news2005/1214-09.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.commondreams.org/news2005/1214-09.htm" rel="nofollow">press release</a> by the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=NAACP" title="NAACP" class="mw-redirect">NAACP</a>'s Project Vote (<a href="http://www.commondreams.org/news2005/1214-09.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.commondreams.org/news2005/1214-09.htm" rel="nofollow">Web</a>): "In Ohio, a lawsuit funded by the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Conservative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative (page does not exist)">conservative</a> Free Enterprise Coalition and litigated by the law firm of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Shumaker,Loop%26_Kendrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shumaker, Loop & Kendrick (page does not exist)">Shumaker, Loop & Kendrick</a> (<a href="http://www.slk-law.com/home/default.aspx" class="external text" title="http://www.slk-law.com/home/default.aspx" rel="nofollow">Web</a>) collapsed on October 28."</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"In March 2005, Congressman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bob_Ney" title="Bob Ney">Bob Ney</a> held a U.S. House Administrative hearing at the Ohio Statehouse where a general counsel for the brand new voting rights group, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Center_for_Voting_Rights" title="American Center for Voting Rights">American Center for Voting Rights</a> (ACVR), told the Congressional committee that the voting problems in Ohio were the result of the NAACP paying people with crack in order to entice them to register to vote. ACVR's general counsel, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mark_F.%22Thor%22_Hearne" title="Mark F. " thor="thor" hearne="hearne" class="mw-redirect">Mark F. "Thor" Hearne</a>, turned out to be the former national general counsel for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bush-Cheney%2704_Inc." title="Bush-Cheney '04 Inc.">Bush-Cheney '04 Inc.</a>, with no history of working in a voting rights organization. Hearne relied on a lawsuit filed against the NAACP in Wood County, Ohio 'alleging fraudulent voter registration under the Ohio Corrupt Practices Act'," Bob Fitrakis <a href="http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2005/1289" class="external text" title="http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2005/1289" rel="nofollow">wrote</a> December 30, 2005, for <i>The Free Press</i>.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Hearne wrote a letter to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> in March 2005 claiming there was 'substantial evidence to suggest potential criminal wrongdoing by organizations such as <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Americans_Coming_Together" title="Americans Coming Together" class="mw-redirect">Americans Coming Together</a> (ACT), <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=ACORN" title="ACORN" class="mw-redirect">ACORN</a> and the NAACP – Project Vote.' ...</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Cliff Arnebeck, the attorney representing the NAACP, denounces this as a deliberate racist disinformation campaign to divert attention from Ohio's election theft," Fitrakis wrote. Arnebeck said that the Republicans were "using racist code words"—"crack cocaine". "The Wood County case was withdrawn in June 2005, but not before it was revealed that the plaintiff, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mark_Rubick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Rubick (page does not exist)">Mark Rubick</a>, had been 'indemnified' and held 'harmless' by an obscure group, the Free Enterprise Coalition, with ties to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Republican_Party" title="Republican Party" class="mw-redirect">Republican Party</a>. Signing as the 'Authorized representative' for the Coalition was one<b> </b><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Vogel" title="Alex Vogel" class="mw-redirect"><b>Alex Vogel</b></a><b>", who served as chief counsel to former Senate Majority Leader </b><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist"><b>Bill Frist</b></a><b> and previously as deputy counsel to the </b><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee"><b>Republican National Committee</b></a><b> and "as a campaign lawyer for </b><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bush-Cheney_%2704_Inc." title="Bush-Cheney '04 Inc."><b>Bush-Cheney 2000</b></a><b> during the election recount."</b> <a href="http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA621494.html?display=3DFeature&referral=3DSUPP" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA621494.html?display=3DFeature&referral=3DSUPP" rel="nofollow">[4]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In a February 2006 update, Fitrakis </b><a href="http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2006/1754" class="external text" title="http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2006/1754" rel="nofollow"><b>wrote</b></a><b> that Mark Rubick, a</b><span style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b> "local Republican operative", had filed "an Ohio corrupt practices act suit against the NAACP, the </b><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=AFL-CIO" title="AFL-CIO"><b>AFL-CIO</b></a><b>, ACT-Ohio and </b><b>ACORN</b><b>. The suit was later quietly withdrawn after discovery showed that the operatives behind it were linked to the top levels of the Republican Party."</b></span></font>

<h3><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Texas</font></span></h3>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The second case Panstreppon <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act" rel="nofollow">found</a> was a joint <a href="http://www.jenner.com/files/tbl_s69NewsDocumentOrder/FileUpload500/599/Brief_AmicusCuriae_ALEC.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.jenner.com/files/tbl_s69NewsDocumentOrder/FileUpload500/599/Brief_AmicusCuriae_ALEC.pdf" rel="nofollow">brief amicus curiae</a> in support of Republican Governor <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> "in the Texas redistricting case" filed by the Free Enterprise Coalition and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Legislative_Exchange_Council" title="American Legislative Exchange Council">American Legislative Exchange Council</a>. Panstreppon wrote that, "[a]ccording to a <a href="http://www.jenner.com/news/news_item.asp?id=000013238624" class="external text" title="http://www.jenner.com/news/news_item.asp?id=000013238624" rel="nofollow">list of case documents</a> on the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jenner_%26_Block&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenner & Block (page does not exist)">Jenner & Block</a> <a href="http://www.jenner.com/" class="external text" title="http://www.jenner.com/" rel="nofollow">website</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=RNC" title="RNC" class="mw-redirect">RNC</a> also filed a brief amicus curiae on the same day."</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Note: Case <a href="http://www.supremecourtus.gov/docket/05-439.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.supremecourtus.gov/docket/05-439.htm" rel="nofollow">05-439</a> "v. Rick Perry, Governor of Texas, et al." was docketed October 5, 2005. The joint brief amicus curiae and the RNC brief were filed February 1, 2006.</font>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Earlier Free Enterprise Coalition</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1998, there was another Republican front group called the Free Enterprise Coalition that was founded by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Tommy_Hopper" title="Tommy Hopper">Tommy Hopper</a> to oppose a state income tax in Tennessee. <a href="http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:R2x5B4BO-wIJ:www.oakridger.com/stories/090999/stt_0909990039.html+%22Tommy+Hopper%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=19&gl=us" class="external autonumber" title="http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:R2x5B4BO-wIJ:www.oakridger.com/stories/090999/stt_0909990039.html+%22Tommy+Hopper%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=19&gl=us" rel="nofollow">[5]</a><a href="http://www.senatemajority.com/node/212" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.senatemajority.com/node/212" rel="nofollow">[6]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The FEC "successfully defeated attempts by three governors to pass tax increases, while being outspent ten-to-one." <a href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=106684734&page_url=%2f%2fwww.campaign-university.com%2fhome%2ffaculty2.cfm%3fcourse%3d164&page_last_updated=4%2f10%2f2001+1%3a07%3a51+PM&firstName=Tommy&lastName=Hopper" class="external autonumber" title="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=106684734&page_url=%2f%2fwww.campaign-university.com%2fhome%2ffaculty2.cfm%3fcourse%3d164&page_last_updated=4%2f10%2f2001+1%3a07%3a51+PM&firstName=Tommy&lastName=Hopper" rel="nofollow">[7]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Free Enterprise Coalition, c/o <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Robert_P._Odell_Jr." title="Robert P. Odell Jr.">Robert P. Odell Jr.</a>, President, 1320 Washington Street, Columbia, SC 292901, was <a href="http://www.taxexemptworld.com/organizations/columbia_sc_29201.asp" class="external text" title="http://www.taxexemptworld.com/organizations/columbia_sc_29201.asp" rel="nofollow">listed</a> among Tax Exempt/NonProfit Organizations in April 1999.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mrs. Panstreppon <a href="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act#comment-251289" class="external text" title="http://coffeehouse.tpmcafe.com/blog/mrs_panstreppon/2007/may/27/free_enterprise_coalition_gop_vanishing_act#comment-251289" rel="nofollow">writes</a> May 29, 2007, at <i>TPM Cafe</i> that "Hopper's Free Enterprise Coalition, Inc. is not the one under investigation here. According to the Tennesee Secretary of State, Free Enterprise Coalition, Inc. was a domestic corporation registered in 1999 and dissolved in 2001."</font>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact Information</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Exempt Organizations Information Center (<i>NonProfitData.com</i>) <a href="http://www.nonprofitdata.com/22043/free-enterprise-coalition.phtml?&cmd=911928865" class="external text" title="http://www.nonprofitdata.com/22043/free-enterprise-coalition.phtml?&cmd=911928865" rel="nofollow">cites</a> the following information for Free Enterprise Coalition:</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Free Enterprise Coalition

7704 Leesburg Pike Suite 400

Falls Church, VA 22043-2612

 </font>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch Resources</font></span></h2>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bush_administration_phony_%27voter_fraud%27" title="Bush administration phony 'voter fraud'"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Bush administration phony 'voter fraud'</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External links</font></span></h2>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.senatemajority.com/node/212" class="external text" title="http://www.senatemajority.com/node/212" rel="nofollow">"Who is Tommy Hopper?"</a> Senate Majority Project, undated.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rachel Zoll, <a href="http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:T_GmSIAnHXsJ:www.oakridger.com/stories/042199/stt_0421990040.html+%22Free+Enterprise+Coalition%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=30&gl=us" class="external text" title="http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:T_GmSIAnHXsJ:www.oakridger.com/stories/042199/stt_0421990040.html+%22Free+Enterprise+Coalition%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=30&gl=us" rel="nofollow">"Tennessee Conservative Union launches 'Ax the Tax' campaign,"</a> Associated Press (<i>The Oak Ridger</i>), April 21, 1999.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.tnchamber.org/insider/jun2000.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.tnchamber.org/insider/jun2000.pdf" rel="nofollow">"Senate Battle, Key House Seats Highlight 2000 Elections,"</a> <i>The Insider</i>/Tennessee Association of Business, June 2000.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:9zpCN2bojt0J:www.oakridger.com/stories/060900/stt_0609000103.html+%22Free+Enterprise+Coalition%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=19&gl=us" class="external text" title="http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:9zpCN2bojt0J:www.oakridger.com/stories/060900/stt_0609000103.html+%22Free+Enterprise+Coalition%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=19&gl=us" rel="nofollow">"Hopper vows to fight 'unconstitutional attack' on Free Enterprise Coalition,"</a> Associated Press (<i>The Oak Ridger</i>), June 9, 2000 (cache file).</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=106684734&page_url=%2f%2fwww.campaign-university.com%2fhome%2ffaculty2.cfm%3fcourse%3d164&page_last_updated=4%2f10%2f2001+1%3a07%3a51+PM&firstName=Tommy&lastName=Hopper" class="external text" title="http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=106684734&page_url=%2f%2fwww.campaign-university.com%2fhome%2ffaculty2.cfm%3fcourse%3d164&page_last_updated=4%2f10%2f2001+1%3a07%3a51+PM&firstName=Tommy&lastName=Hopper" rel="nofollow">Profile: Tommy Hopper</a>, CampaignUniversity.com (archived), April 10, 2001.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.brookings.edu/comm/events/20040416redistricting.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.brookings.edu/comm/events/20040416redistricting.htm" rel="nofollow">"Competition, Partisanship, and Congressional Redistricting,"</a> A <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a>/Institute of Governmental Studies Conference, April 16, 2004. Panel 3: "The Law of Redistricting" included Discussants: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Sam_Hirsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Hirsch (page does not exist)">Sam Hirsch</a>, Jenner & Block LLP, and Dale Oldham, Free Enterprise Coalition".</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.commondreams.org/news2005/1214-09.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.commondreams.org/news2005/1214-09.htm" rel="nofollow">"One Year Later: Results of 2004 Voter Fraud Investigations Give Vote Groups a Clean Slate. Community Group ACORN Vindicated as Baseless Lawsuits, Investigations Collapse,"</a> Project Vote (<i>Common Dreams</i>), December 14, 2005.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bob Fitrakis, <a href="http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2005/1289" class="external text" title="http://www.freepress.org/columns/display/3/2005/1289" rel="nofollow">"Fake voting rights activists and groups linked to White House,"</a> <i>The Free Press</i>, December 30, 2005.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bob Fitrakis and Harvey Wasserman, <a href="http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2006/1754" class="external text" title="http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/19/2006/1754" rel="nofollow">"As Alito takes Supreme Court seat, Ohio GOP guts election protection,"</a> <i>The Free Press</i>, February 1, 2006.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.ombwatch.org/article/articleview/3639/1/48?TopicID=1" class="external text" title="http://www.ombwatch.org/article/articleview/3639/1/48?TopicID=1" rel="nofollow">"ACORN Voter Registration Drive Investigated,"</a> OMB Watch, November 7, 2006.</font></li>

</ul>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Front_groups_portal" title="Category:Front groups portal">Front groups portal</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Front_groups" title="Category:Front groups">Front groups</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Politics%28U.S.%29" title="Category:Politics (U.S.)">Politics (U.S.)</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Elections%28U.S.%29" title="Category:Elections (U.S.)">Elections (U.S.)</a></span> | <span dir="ltr"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Political_fronts" title="Category:Political fronts">Political fronts</a></span></font></div>

</div>

<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Global Options, Inc.</font></h1>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><a href="http://www.globaloptionsgroup.com/AboutUs.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.globaloptionsgroup.com/AboutUs.htm" rel="nofollow">Global Options, Inc.</a></b>, headquartered in New York City, according to the company profile, "is a multi-disciplinary, international, risk management and business intelligence company." The "staff of professionals includes former intelligence and law enforcement officers, veterans of America's elite military units, and legal and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Crisis_communications" title="Crisis communications" class="mw-redirect">crisis communications</a> specialists."</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Global Options provides "a broad spectrum of unique services and innovative solutions to commercial, government, and individual clients ... assembled under a single umbrella to provide a comprehensive approach to solving difficult business and government problems."</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The company states that "Recent assignments include the protection of fissile material in <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, corporate crisis management, the recovery of assets, due diligence in major merger and acquisition (M&A) cases, undercover investigations of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=NAFTA" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> violations, and coordination of all legal defense efforts associated with the largest civil RICO [Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act] action in U.S. history."</font>

<b><a href="http://www.globaloptionsgroup.com/Invest_Management.htm" class="external text" title="http://www.globaloptionsgroup.com/Invest_Management.htm" rel="nofollow"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Management Team</font></a></b></p>

<h2><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></h2>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Options,_Inc.#Advisory_Board"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Advisory Board</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Options,_Inc.#Contact_details"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Contact details</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Options,_Inc.#Related_SourceWatch_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Related SourceWatch articles</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Options,_Inc.#External_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External resources</span></font></a></li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Advisory Board</font></span></h2>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Adm. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_J.Crowe,Jr." title="William J. Crowe, Jr.">William J. Crowe, Jr.</a>, Chairman</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=R.James_Woolsey,Jr." title="R. James Woolsey, Jr.">R. James Woolsey, Jr.</a>, Vice Chairman</font></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Everett_Alvarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Everett Alvarez (page does not exist)"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Everett Alvarez</font></a></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Amb. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Frances_D._Cook" title="Frances D. Cook">Frances D. Cook</a></font></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Robert_L._Livingston" title="Robert L. Livingston"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Robert L. Livingston</font></a></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sir <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Richard_Needham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Needham (page does not exist)">Richard Needham</a></font></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ronald_B._Richards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald B. Richards (page does not exist)"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Ronald B. Richards</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Harvey_Schiller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey Schiller (page does not exist)"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Harvey Schiller</font></a></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gen. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Gordon_Sullivan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon Sullivan (page does not exist)">Gordon Sullivan</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gen. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=John_H._Tilelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Tilelli (page does not exist)">John H. Tilelli</a></font></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">William H. Webster</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact details</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">75 Rockefeller Plaza

27th Floor

New York, NY 10019

Phone: 212.445.6262

Fax: 212.445.0053

Email: info AT globaloptionsgroup.com

Web: <a href="http://www.globaloptions.com" class="external free" title="http://www.globaloptions.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.globaloptions.com</a></font>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch articles</font></span></h2>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Private_Military_Corporations" title="Private Military Corporations"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Private Military Corporations</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h2><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External resources</font></span></h2>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.hoovers.com/globaloptions/--ID158424--/free-co-profile.xhtml" class="external text" title="http://www.hoovers.com/globaloptions/--ID158424--/free-co-profile.xhtml" rel="nofollow">GlobalOptions Group, Inc.</a>, <i>Hoovers</i>, accessed June 2008.</font></li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>