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<p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;=</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">forced birth control?</font></p><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">----</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">omfg</font></div><div style=""><div style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4" /><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">11/19 frontline docu</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/how-chinas-government-is-using-ai-on-its-uighur-muslim-population/">https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/how-chinas-government-is-using-ai-on-its-uighur-muslim-population/</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">...</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font>Surveillance and artificial intelligence technologies are being deployed all throughout China.&nbsp;</div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.725em; hyphens: auto; width: auto; max-width: 660px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the ends to which this technology is being used on the Uighur population, activists in the film say, are particularly alarming.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.725em; hyphens: auto; width: auto; max-width: 660px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“</span>They have bar codes in somebody’s home doors to identify what kind of citizen that he is,” lawyer and a prominent Uighur activist Nury Turkel says, warning that China’s government is using new technologies to help carry out mass punishment of an ethnic group.</font><b style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">Cameras with AI-powered facial recognition are everywhere, and various pilot projects use AI to give people a “social credit” score, punishing some for certain behavior and rewarding others for what the government considers good citizenship.</b></p><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4" /><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/audreymurrell/2018/07/31/pushing-the-ethical-boundaries-of-big-data-a-look-at-chinas-social-credit-scoring-system/?sh=6294922325e5">https://www.forbes.com/sites/audreymurrell<b>/2018/07</b>/31/pushing-the-ethical-boundaries-of-big-data-a-look-at-chinas-social-credit-scoring-system/?sh=6294922325e5</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style=""><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">Big data analytics is rapidly transforming our lives. This information alters how we interact, make decisions, conduct business, track performance and measure outcomes. Emerging tools and techniques increasingly allow organizations to aggregate data into large, integrated systems that can predict patterns of consumer purchases, preferences and behaviors. [pix of bulletin bd]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">there is much good to be gained from data science, but the negative side includes concerns over data privacy, risk management and cybersecurity, not to mention valid ethical debates over the fairness of digital divides, open access and the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://hbr.org/2018/07/the-democratization-of-data-science?utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=hbr&utm_medium=social" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://hbr.org/2018/07/the-democratization-of-data-science?utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=hbr&utm_medium=social" aria-label="democratic use" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">democratic use</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;of public information.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> Now there is a new system being pioneered in China that has the potential to encompass many of these concerns: the creation of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/chinese-government-social-credit-score-privacy-invasion" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://www.wired.co.uk/article/chinese-government-social-credit-score-privacy-invasion" aria-label="social credit scores" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">social credit scores</a>&nbsp;by the government for its citizens. Will China’s social credit scores represent a grand technological breakthrough for society or ultimately be an example of ethical quicksand?</span></p><div class="article_paragraph_2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Let’s first understand what social credit scores mean. Imagine if data from your social media, voting records, financial information, online purchasing, credit history, tax payments, legal matters, etc. was gathered into your&nbsp;<a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2992537" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2992537" aria-label="social credit score (SCS)" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">social credit score (SCS)</a>. This massive database could also use information from your health-tracking apps, your location via geo-tracking software, personal information via facial recognition software, and facts about your relationships, friends and family. This is not purely futuristic science fiction.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b style="">In 2010, the Chinese government launched a&nbsp;<a href="https://piie.com/publications/policy-briefs/chinas-social-credit-system-mark-progress-or-threat-privacy" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://piie.com/publications/policy-briefs/chinas-social-credit-system-mark-progress-or-threat-privacy" aria-label="social credit score pilot program" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">social credit score pilot program</a>&nbsp;in a province just north of Shanghai </b>that awards points for trustworthiness and deducts points for negative behaviors. This pilot system<b>&nbsp;<a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2992537" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2992537" aria-label="provides incentives" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">provides incentives</a>&nbsp;for those with a high social credit score such as priority access to public housing, travel visas and job promotions</b>. A number of other providences subsequently adopted similar systems that gather financial, social and other information on China’s 1.3 billion citizens. Right now, this system is designated as “optional.” The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/chinese-government-social-credit-score-privacy-invasion" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://www.wired.co.uk/article/chinese-government-social-credit-score-privacy-invasion" aria-label="plan outlined by the Chinese government" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">plan outlined by the Chinese government</a>&nbsp;is to make their citizen scores <b>mandatory and publicly available by 2020.</b></span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">Beyond traditional concerns over data privacy and cybersecurity, this form of social ranking poses deeper ethical dilemmas. First, the dilemma of&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b>conformity vs. coercion</b></span>&nbsp;is central to address. The purpose of incentives is to reinforce positive behaviors and issue punitive measures to deter negative actions.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/MIP-06-2017-0100" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/MIP-06-2017-0100" aria-label="Some scholars argue" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Some scholars argue</a>&nbsp;that this is merely government trying to use a system that feels like a game to create universal conformity. It is one thing to reward positive behavior, but one could argue that the introduction of penalties for “untrustworthiness” produces consequences for lack of adherence to government-mandated social behaviors.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">How the scoring algorithm is defined is a critical ethical issue because social values and norms can quickly be overridden by pressure to comply with laws and regulations.&nbsp; Government-imposed sanctions and penalties can become coercive if there is not an adequate system of checks and balances. Issues of individual choice, rights and freedom may succumb to government-enforced standards when the social credit system becomes mandatory.</p><div class="article_paragraph_7" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">A second ethical dilemma is the issue of&nbsp;<b><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">transparency vs. trafficking</span>. </b>The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/MIP-06-2017-0100" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/MIP-06-2017-0100" aria-label="use of gamification" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">use of gamification</a>&nbsp;with social status scores means that both your absolute score and position relative to others is important. On the positive side, public disclosure of people’s rankings provides points of comparison and transparency.&nbsp; However, it can create an unintended incentive for individuals to use unethical or underground means to improve their overall score and their relative position. As&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/chinese-government-social-credit-score-privacy-invasion" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://www.wired.co.uk/article/chinese-government-social-credit-score-privacy-invasion" aria-label="Rachel Botsman writes in Wired" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Rachel Botsman writes in&nbsp;<span data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://www.wired.co.uk/article/chinese-government-social-credit-score-privacy-invasion" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Wired</span></a>, “we are bound to see the birth of reputation black markets selling under-the-counter ways to boost trustworthiness.”<b> Individuals with financial means can use their wealth to increase their score. The trafficking of ways to improve one’s SCS is similar to what we have seen within the U.S. with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.lexingtonlaw.com/credit-education/credit-repair-organizations-act" target="blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://www.lexingtonlaw.com/credit-education/credit-repair-organizations-act" aria-label="predatory businesses" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">predatory businesses</a>&nbsp;that take advantage of individuals seeking to improve their financial (FICO) credit score.</b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b>As these underground or predatory businesses emerge to raise individuals’ SCS scores, a third ethical dilemma may emerge. The type of scoring system may not measure trustworthiness; it may merely segregate people into privileged and non-privileges classes.</b> The notion that incentives will provide special access to individuals with high social credit scores raises the question of whether these systems ensure<b>&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">privilege or profiling</span>.</b> Those with acceptable or high scores will have greater access to job opportunities, social activities, travel visas, educational opportunities and the ability to borrow money.&nbsp; Employers can use these scores to sort individuals on “trustworthiness,” which may preclude people from being considered for types of employment where this screening dimension is deemed necessary.&nbsp; With this massive amount of data publicly available, there will be a drive to identify the factors that predict trustworthiness, which can ultimately lead to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/08/06/is-big-data-spreading-inequality/the-dangers-of-high-tech-profiling-using-big-data" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" data-ga-track="ExternalLink:https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2014/08/06/is-big-data-spreading-inequality/the-dangers-of-high-tech-profiling-using-big-data" aria-label="social profiling using big data analytics tools" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">social profiling using big data analytics tools</a>. Who gets access and who does not may be left to predictive analytical models that sometimes ignore the ability of social and educational systems to create transformative opportunities for individuals, especially those who start from underprivileged backgrounds.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">There are other ethical issues that public social credit systems may present. If unaddressed, these issues can become an ethical quicksand that widens the divide across people through the use of a socially constructed algorithm of “trustworthiness.” These ethical issues must be discussed, debated and addressed before social credit systems become the new global norm. It is important for people to challenge the ethical assumptions that underly public ratings of citizenship.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" common-ligatures="common-ligatures" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">Do these social credit systems represent an opportunity or are they ethical quicksand? I wonder what George Orwell would say.</p></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57101248">https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57101248</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b class="ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A camera system that uses</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> AI and facial recognition intended to reveal states of emotion has been tested on Uyghurs in Xinjiang,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> the BBC has been told.</span></b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">A software engineer claimed to have installed such systems in police stations in the province.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">A human rights advocate who was shown the evidence described it as shocking.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: inherit;">The Chinese embassy in London has not responded directly to the claims but says political and social rights in all ethnic groups are guaranteed.....Xinjiang is home to 12 million ethnic minority Uyghurs, most of whom are Muslim....Citizens in the province are under daily surveillance. The area is also home to highly controversial "re-education centres", called high security detention camps by human rights groups, where it is estimated that more than a million people have been held...</span><b>.Beijing has always argued that surveillance is necessary in the region because it says separatists who want to set up their own state have killed hundreds of people in terror attacks....

Xinjiang is believed to be one of the most surveilled areas in the world</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The software engineer agreed to talk to the BBC's Panorama programme under condition of anonymity, because he fears for his safety. The company he worked for is also not being revealed.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">But he showed Panorama five photographs of Uyghur detainees who he claimed had had the emotion recognition system tested on them.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper e1xue1i89" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 50rem;"><figure class="ssrcss-wpgbih-StyledFigure e34k3c23" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><span class="ssrcss-1hq4gmv-Placeholder e16icw910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 450px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; display: block;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Pie-chart" srcset="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/C981/production/118658515_piechart.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/C981/production/118658515_piechart.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/C981/production/118658515_piechart.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/C981/production/118658515_piechart.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/C981/production/118658515_piechart.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/C981/production/118658515_piechart.jpg 976w" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/C981/production/118658515_piechart.jpg" width="976" height="549" loading="lazy" class="ssrcss-1drmwog-Image ee0ct7c0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; width: 800px; height: 450px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; inset: 0px; -webkit-box-pack: center; justify-content: center; -webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; object-fit: cover;" /></span></span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-5ccyy0-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22" style="margin: 0.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5rem; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(105, 105, 105); border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.28571; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; height: 1px; clip-path: inset(100%); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); white-space: nowrap;">Image caption,</span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-1yybcoc-Stack e1y4nx260" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Data from the system purports to indicate a person's state of mind, with red suggesting a negative or anxious state of mind</div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Chinese government use Uyghurs as test subjects for various experiments just like rats are used in laboratories," he said.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">And he outlined his role in installing the cameras in police stations in the province: "We placed the emotion detection camera 3m from the subject. It is similar to a lie detector but far more advanced technology."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>He said officers used "restraint chairs" which are widely installed in police stations across China.</b></p></div></div><div id="piano-inline2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>"Your wrists are locked in place by metal restraints, and [the] same applies to your ankles."</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">He provided evidence of how the AI system is trained to detect and analyse even minute changes in facial expressions and skin pores.</span></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>According to his claims, the software creates a pie chart, with the red segment representing a negative or anxious state of mind.</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>He claimed the software was intended for "pre-judgement without any credible evidence".</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Chinese embassy in London did not respond to questions about the use of emotional recognition software in the province but said: "The political, economic, and social rights and freedom of religious belief in all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are fully guaranteed.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"People live in harmony regardless of their ethnic backgrounds and enjoy a stable and peaceful life with no restriction to personal freedom."</p></div></div><div id="piano-inline3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The evidence was shown to Sophie Richardson, China director of Human Rights Watch.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"It is shocking material. It's not just that people are being reduced to a pie chart, it's people who are in highly coercive circumstances, under enormous pressure, being understandably nervous and that's taken as an indication of guilt, and I think, that's deeply problematic."</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-y32r44-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper e1xue1i88" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 2.5rem 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 50rem;"><h2 tabindex="-1" id="subheadline-23" class="ssrcss-1nmw0uu-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.125; vertical-align: baseline;"><span role="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Suspicious behaviour</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>According to Darren Byler, from the University of Colorado, Uyghurs routinely have to provide DNA samples to local officials, undergo digital scans and most have to download a government phone app, which gathers data including contact lists and text messages.</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"Uyghur life is now about generating data," he said.</span></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">"Everyone knows that the smartphone is something you have to carry with you, and if you don't carry it you can be detained</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, they know that you're being tracked by it. And they feel like there's no escape," he said.</span></b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Most of the data is fed into a computer system called the Integrated Joint Operations Platform, which Human Rights Watch claims flags up supposedly suspicious behaviour.</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"The system is gathering information about dozens of different kinds of perfectly legal behaviours including things like whether people were going out the back door instead of the front door, whether they were putting gas in a car that didn't belong to them," said Ms Richardson.</span></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="font-weight: inherit;">"Authorities now place</span><b> QR codes outside the doors of people's homes </b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">so that they can easily know who's supposed to be there and who's not."</span></span></p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-y32r44-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper e1xue1i88" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 2.5rem 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 50rem;"><h2 tabindex="-1" id="subheadline-30" class="ssrcss-1nmw0uu-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.125; vertical-align: baseline;"><span role="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Orwellian?</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There has long been debate about how closely tied Chinese technology firms are to the state. US-based research group IPVM claims to have uncovered evidence in </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">patents filed by such companies that suggest facial recognition products were specifically designed to identify Uyghur people.</span></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>A patent filed in July 2018 by Huawei and the China Academy of Sciences describes a face recognition product that is capable of identifying people on the basis of their ethnicity.</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Huawei said in response that it did "not condone the use of technology to discriminate or oppress members of any community" and that it was "independent of government" wherever it operated.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: inherit;">The group has also found a document which appears to suggest the firm was developing technology for a so-called </span><b>One Person, One File system.</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>"For each person the government would store their personal information, their political activities, relationships... anything that might give you insight into how that person would behave and what kind of a threat they might pose,</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">" said IPVM's Conor Healy.</span></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">
</span></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;"><b>"It makes any kind of dissidence potentially impossible and creates true predictability for the government in the behaviour of their citizens. I don't think that [George] Orwell would ever have imagined that a government could be capable of this kind of analysis."</b></span></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Huawei did not specifically address questions about its involvement in developing technology for the One Person, One File system but said: "Huawei opposes discrimination of all types, including the use of technology to carry out ethnic discrimination.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"As a privately-held company, Huawei is independent of government wherever we operate. We do not condone the use of technology to discriminate against or oppress members of any community."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The Chinese embassy in London said it had "no knowledge" of these programmes.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">IPVM also claimed to have found marketing material from Chinese firm Hikvision advertising a Uyghur-detecting AI camera, and a patent for software developed by Dahua, another tech giant, which could also identify Uyghurs.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Dahua said its patent referred to all 56 recognised ethnicities in China and did not deliberately target any one of them.</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">It added that it provided "products and services that aim to help keep people safe" and complied "with the laws and regulations of every market" in which it operates, including the UK.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Hikvision said the details on its website were incorrect and "uploaded online without appropriate review", adding that it did not sell or have in its product range "a minority recognition function or analytics technology".</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Dr Lan Xue, chairman of China's National committee on AI governance, said he was not aware of the patents.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"Outside China there are a lot of those sorts of charges. Many are not accurate and not true," he told the BBC.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"I think that the Xinjiang local government had the responsibility to really protect the Xinjiang people... if technology is used in those contexts, that's quite understandable," he said.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i85" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1rem 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 36.25rem;"><div class="ssrcss-17j9f6r-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">The UK's Chinese embassy had a more robust defence, telling the BBC: "There is no so-called facial recognition technology featuring Uyghur analytics whatsoever."</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-y32r44-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper e1xue1i88" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 2.5rem 0px 1.5rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 50rem;"><h2 tabindex="-1" id="subheadline-49" class="ssrcss-1nmw0uu-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.125; vertical-align: baseline; outline-style: none;"><span role="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Daily surveillance</span></h2><div><span role="text" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">...</span></div></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style=""><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>China is estimated to be home to half of the world's almost 800 million surveillance cameras.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It also has a large number of smart cities, such as Chongqing, where AI is built into the foundations of the urban environment.</span></div><div style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Chongqing-based investigative journalist Hu Liu told Panorama of his own experience: "Once you leave home and step into the lift, you are captured by a camera. There are cameras everywhere."</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"When I leave home to go somewhere, I call a taxi, the taxi company uploads the data to the government. I may then go to a cafe to meet a few friends and the authorities know my location through the camera in the cafe.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"<b>There have been occasions when I have met some friends and soon after someone from the government contacts me. They warned me, 'Don't see that person, don't do this and that.'</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>
</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>"With artificial intelligence we have nowhere to hide," he said.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Find out more about this on Panorama's Are you Scared Yet, Human? - available on iPlayer from 26 May</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div>From Amazon’s Alexa to improvements in cancer care, artificial intelligence is changing our world. But today leading tech figures from Silicon Valley worry about the future that’s being created. Brad Smith, president of Microsoft, believes George Orwell's 1984 could become reality by 2024. Panorama has uncovered new evidence of AI being used by police in China to recognise the emotions of detainees in order to help determine guilt or innocence. China has vowed to become the world's AI superpower by 2030, sparking a new arms race with America. Both countries are pouring billions into cutting-edge military tech, including autonomous weapons. AI could usher in a golden age, but without urgent regulation, experts warn we could lose control of artificial intelligence, a prospect, they say, that should scare us all.&nbsp;</div><div><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m000wft2/panorama-are-you-scared-yet-human">https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m000wft2/panorama-are-you-scared-yet-human</a></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">More on this story</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Who are the Uyghurs?</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Published21 June 2021</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Uighur camp detainees allege systematic rape</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Published2 February 2021</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Related Topics</div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">wapo?</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/chinese-police-add-facial-recognition-glasses-to-surveillance-arsenal/">https://www.uyghurcongress.org/en/chinese-police-add-facial-recognition-glasses-to-surveillance-arsenal/</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">by&nbsp;<span style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Josh Chin</span></span><span style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</span><span style="text-align: justify;">– As hundreds of millions of Chinese begin traveling for the Lunar New Year holiday, police are showing off a new addition to their crowd-surveillance toolbox:<b> mobile facial-recognition units mounted on eyeglasses</b>.</span></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span id="more-34005" style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">China is already a global leader in deploying cutting-edge surveillance technologies based on artificial intelligence. The mobile devices could expand the reach of that surveillance, allowing authorities to peer into places that fixed cameras aren’t scanning, and to respond more quickly.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">The devices, released late last year, were touted in state media this week as a means to help authorities during times such as the annual Lunar New Year migration that begins next week, when Chinese travelers flood train stations and airports.</p><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">The eyeglass-mounted camera is equipped with facial-recognition technology capable of “highly effective screening” of crowds for fugitives traveling under false pretenses, the official People’s Daily newspaper reported Monday. Its story included images of a policewoman wearing a sunglasses version of the device at a railway station in Zhengzhou, capital of central China’s Henan province.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">The devices have already helped railway police at Zhengzhou’s East Railway Station capture seven people wanted in connection with major criminal cases, and 26 others who were traveling using other people’s identities, the paper said.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><b>China monitors train and air travel, and sometimes people who are facing punishment for infractions will try to get around travel restrictions by using a borrowed identity.</b></div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><b>While the technology is probably useful in catching criminals, it could also make it easier for authorities to track political dissidents and profile ethnic minorities,</b> said William Nee, China researcher at Amnesty International.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">“The potential to give individual police officers facial-recognition technology in sunglasses could eventually make China’s surveillance state all the more ubiquitous,” he said.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div id="realtor" class="wsj-body-ad-placement" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Public-security authorities in Zhengzhou didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Beijing-based LLVision Technology Co. worked with police departments in Henan, the eastern province of Shandong and the northwestern region of Xinjiang for a year to develop the devices, according to LLVision Chief Executive Wu Fei.</p></div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">He said the devices are based on wearable video cameras that lack facial-recognition capability which the company sells to businesses and consumers. However, the company also sells a model that companies can use for identification purposes at workplaces or corporate events, Mr. Wu said.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">“It gives you the ability to check anywhere,” he said.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">
</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><b>The devices try to address a speed problem that bedevils fixed-camera facial-recognition systems at subway stations, border crossings and other places where authorities seek to identify fugitives. In many cases, by the time authorities rush to where a suspect has been identified, their target has melted back into the crowd.“</b></div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><b>By making wearable glasses, with AI [artificial intelligence] on the front end, you get instant and accurate feedback,</b>” Mr. Wu said. “You can decide right away what the next interaction is going to be.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;">”Unlike many fixed-camera facial-recognition systems that remotely connect cameras to vast facial databases stored in the cloud, the police glasses are wired directly to a hand-held device that contains an offline database—allowing them to work more quickly.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="media-object header scope-web|mobileapps header" data-layout="header " data-layout-mobile="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="media-object-video media-object-video--standard" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="wsj-article-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="wsj-article-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box;">China has turned the northwestern region of Xinjiang into a vast experiment in domestic surveillance. WSJ investigated what life is like in a place where one’s every move can be monitored with cutting-edge technology.</div><div class="wsj-article-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b>In tests, the company says, the device has been able to identify individuals in a database of 10,000 suspects in as little as 100 milliseconds.</b> That is faster than some fixed-camera systems, though Mr. Wu concedes that the “environmental noise” in real-life situations is likely to decrease accuracy.&nbsp; Some people see parallels to the fictional technology featured in a recent Tom Cruise movie.</p></div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div id="unruly" class="wsj-body-ad-placement" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="wsj-body-ad " style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div id="wsj-body-AD_G3" class="wsj-responsive-ad-wrap wsj-ad-article-body" data-ad-options="{" adid="adId" ad_g="AD_G" adunitpath="adUnitPath" europe.wsj.com="europe.wsj.com" tech_main_story="tech_main_story" adsize="adSize" adsizemap="adSizeMap" null="null" autorefresh="autoRefresh" false="false" adtargeting="adTargeting" metazone="metazone" msrc="msrc" circ="circ" fullarticle="fullarticle" bkuuid="bkuuid" p39="p39" disablerefresh="disableRefresh" data-tracking="europe.wsj.com/tech_main_story" data-is-logged-in="" data-google-query-id="COnNs5XqltkCFQYq4AodEM0OTw" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/2/europe.wsj.com/tech_main_story_1container" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“Are these from ‘Mission Impossible’?” wrote one user of Chinese search giant&nbsp;<a href="https://quotes.wsj.com/BIDU" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-out 0s;">Baidu</a>&nbsp;<span class="company-name-type" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Inc.’s</span>&nbsp;Tieba message boards.</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">To protect individual privacy, the company said it vets clients and isn’t selling the facial-recognition technology to regular consumers until it has a better grasp of the potential social impacts. Helping police track fugitives is “a good-use case,” Mr. Wu said.</p></div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A basic, video-only version of the glasses retails for 3,999 yuan ($636). LLVision said it couldn’t provide a price for facial-recognition models, since they are sold as part of a larger custom-designed system that varies in cost.</span></div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The company said that it had exported basic versions of the glasses to Africa, the U.S., Europe and Japan and that it wants to expand overseas sales.&nbsp; That could include sales to law-enforcement agencies, which are so far limited to China.&nbsp;</span> “There might be an opportunity there. Who knows?” Mr. Wu said.</div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Reported by John Chin for the Washington Post</span></span></div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">
</span></span></div><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><div class="paywall" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-police-go-robocop-with-facial-recognition-glasses-1518004353" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-out 0s;">https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-police-go-robocop-with-facial-recognition-glasses-1518004353</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">hmn no lnx grfx</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://astutenews.com/2018/06/mapping-erik-princes-private-mercenary-empire/">https://astutenews.com/2018/06/mapping-erik-princes-private-mercenary-empire/</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">OPINION</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mapping Erik Prince’s Private Mercenary Empire</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">June 3,&nbsp;<b>2018</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Erik Prince, the brain behind the infamous private military firm Blackwater, is now in China training security forces.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Prince is partially responsible for modernizing the private army for the post 9/11 world, outsourcing militaries to cheap, specialized labor pools and skirting traditional regulations meant to ensure accountability for armed forces.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">His journey from hiring mercenaries to help bolster the U.S. occupation in Iraq to China is long, dizzying and includes stops around the world to&nbsp;<b>train Colombian mercenaries to help make a private army for the U.A.E.&nbsp;</b>and outfitting crop duster planes with missiles to be fired at Armenians.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He has become a global figure, roaming between conflicts zones to sell various governments his expertise on private armies.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">To document his journey thus far, Al Bawaba has compiled a partial list of countries/regions in or for which he has done business.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">United States</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Prince’s trip around the world starts in the United States.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Born in an affluent Michigan family, his family maintained deep ties to the Republican establishment and several conservative, religious organizations like American Values. His sister, Betsy DeVos, married into one of the most influence political families in the Midwest, the DeVos’s, and began helping to run the Republican party machine in Michigan.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That marriage, which tied the Prince and DeVos family together, has given Erik unprecedented political access into the federal government. His list of close allies including Steve Bannon, U.S. President Donald Trump’s former chief strategist. His sister gives him a direct line of access to Trump himself.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Erik became a Navy SEAL and then established his own private military firm in 1997, Blackwater.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Once the U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003, Blackwater received billions in contracts from the U.S. government to help supplement the official mission with private boots on the ground, relatively free from accountability or laws from any particular government.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Iraq</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Blackwater’s activities in Iraq are infamous and account for Prince’s self-imposed exile from the United States.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Apart from harassing Iraqi civilians and running them off of roads with their armored personnel carriers, they also indiscriminately gunned down 14 innocent people in Baghdad in 2007, drawing an investigation and heavy criticism from media outlets around the world.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The incident stands as a cautionary tale for when mercenary groups such as Blackwater are able to operate without sufficient legal or logistical oversight. Facing a wave of scrutiny, Prince left Blackwater and the firm changed its name twice (to Xe and then Academi) to escape the heat.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Many thought they had seen the end of Erik Prince, but he resurfaced later at the helm of a different private military company.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>U.A.E.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">pasted image 1 nyt</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A satellite image of the camp in the U.A.E. built to train Prince’s 800-member mercenary battalion ]</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 2011, Erik Prince was appointed by the crown prince of Abu Dhabi to make a secret, private army. For this, he was paid $529 million.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In documents obtained by the New York Times, the mission of this privately commissioned battalion included “intelligence gathering, urban combat, the securing of nuclear and radioactive materials, humanitarian missions and special operations ‘to destroy enemy personnel and equipment,’ and crown-control.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Prince hired Colombians and nationals of other countries thousands of miles away to fill his ranks from two reasons. First, Prince was looking to pay them as little as possible. Second, they weren’t Muslims. Prince surmised that Muslims could not be trusted to kill other Muslims.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A few years later in 2015, Saudi Arabia began its military intervention in Yemen and recruited a host of other Arab nations to join its coalition. Abu Dhabi’s crown prince, business partner to Erik Prince, Sheik Mohamed bin Zayed al-Nahyan, signed up for the cause in order to destroy any creeping Iranian influence in the war-torn nation.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Yemen</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">Erik Prince and his U.A.E. private military firm helped recruit and train over 1,000 soldiers from Latin American countries. Then, their bodies started appearing on battlefields in Yemen.</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A single missile reportedly killed 45 mercenaries from the U.A.E.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Prince’s initial battalion of 800 soldiers had blossomed into almost 2,000 specialized troops hired mostly from Latin America to do the U.A.E.’s business.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Although officials say Erik Prince’s formal business role with the U.A.E. had ended several years before the intervention into Yemen, his corporate blueprint to partially outsource the U.A.E.’s military is doubtlessly still in use.</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The U.A.E. keeping and even expanding Prince’s blueprint for a private, outsourced army demonstrates just how influencial he and his mercenary business model has become.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Azerbaijan</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">pasted image 2</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A militarily-modified crop duster, called the T-Bird (LASA Engineering)]</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After his stint in the U.A.E.,&nbsp;<b>Prince began doing more business with Chinese executives at the Frontier Services Group (FSG), which he heads.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">On this new enterprise, Prince said it “is not a patriotic endeavor,” rather, it is intended “to build a great business and make some money doing it.”</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Interestingly enough, Prince’s business with FSG took him to Azerbaijan, where he was paid by the government to help it deal with its Armenian problem</b>. Armenians are concentrated into Azerbaijan’s Nagorno-Karabakh region, which seceded from Azerbaijan and formed a semi-recognized, de facto state.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Azerbaijan called on Erik Prince and FSG to help it keep watch on the Nagorno-Karabakh region, also called the Republic of Artsakh. In response. Prince wanted to show the government two crop duster planes meant for agricultural use but refitted for military purposes. The planes were meant to be outfitted with state-of-the-art surveillance technology and were supposedly able to fire missiles.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">They never made it to Azerbaijan after an investigation shut the sale down.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This is because the deal may have broken several laws. The Washington Post found that “executives were concerned that the company might be skirting U.S. law — known as International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) — requiring Americans to obtain special permits before defense-related technology can be transferred to foreign countries.”</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In response to this controversial arms trade, all but two Americans on the FSG executive board quit due to concerns that he was not serving U.S. interests. This has freed Prince to deal more closely with the Chinese.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Eastern Africa</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FSG’s ‘focus region’ (Frontier Services Group)]</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FSG’s public focus is on providing security and logistical help to&nbsp;<b>eastern African countries such as South Sudan, Kenya, Somalia and the DRC.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“When you want logistics done in Africa, you call DHL,” said Sean McFate, a former military contractor in Africa and current expert on mercenaries at the Atlantic Council. “When you want muscle, you call Erik Prince.”</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">One of FSG’s ventures appears to help oust the extremist militant group, Al Shabaab, from southwest Somalia—an area it has largely controlled for years. “We have brought together strong international business leaders to team-up with talented Somali entrepreneurs to make development in South West Somalia a reality,” an FSG statement reads.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“The project will include an integrated solution of air-land-sea logistics capabilities and advanced security management.”</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">
</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">China</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">FSG’s headquarters is in Hong Kong, and though it publicly states that its focus is on eastern Africa,&nbsp;<b>FSG is now reported to be doing domestic work on behalf of the Chinese government.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">FSG is partially owned by CITIC, a Chinese-government own investment firm.&nbsp;</span>CITIC is slowly taking more and more control of FSG and is reportedly already the dominant shareholder, meaning it has greater power than Prince to determine the company’s vision and business deals.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“The Chinese are gradually taking more control” of the company. CITIC is now playing a larger role as Frontier’s dominant shareholder, said Xin who heads the International Security Defense College that trains security personnel and is overseen by FSG.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“Prince’s share is decreasing. The Chinese are in charge, so it won’t matter.”</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">One of FSG’s most recent missions has been to train thousands of security personnel in China’s northwest Xinjiang province, where millions of ethnically <b>Turkic Muslims called Uyghurs</b> live</span>.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Uyghurs are routinely targeted by the state due to continuous attempts by some to break away from China and form an independent state.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thousands of Uyghurs are part of an extremist group called the Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP), whose leaders are hiding in Pakistan and whose members have a<b> heavy presence in Syria fighting against the Syrian regime.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Human Rights Watch accused the Chinese government of “deploying a predictive policing program,” using massive surveillance technology and a web of high-tech surveillance cameras and compulsory data collection.</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">They’ve also reportedly sent thousands of Uyghurs to Chinese ‘re-education’ camps.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Mercenary Prince</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This list only details a few of Erik Prince’s ventures, and does not include an attempt by Prince to send thousands of mercenaries into Afghanistan and reform the political structure of the entire country to essentially be a colony for the United States.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">However, Prince has transformed battlefields everywhere and fundamentally altered the way governments construct security apparatuses.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Iran is heavily reliant on outsourced Afghani mercenaries to be cannon fodder in the war in Syria. Russia is supplementing its own intervention into Syria with mercenaries hired by the state-backed Wagner Group who also sends troops to Ukraine. To beat back the nascent extremist group Boko Haram, Nigeria hired private, Apartheid-era security forces from South Africa to do the job.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thanks to Erik Prince, outsourcing military and intelligence labor is now the norm.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">Currently Prince appears to be under investigation by Special Counsel Robert Mueller, thanks to meetings he had arranged with a close aide to Russia’s President Vladimir Putin, Kirill Dmitriev in the Seychelles Islands,&nbsp;</span>a place its own government explains is “the kind of place where you can have a good time away from the media.” The meeting was allegedley to set up a backchannel between Trump and Russia in order to facilitate clandestine communications.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">McFate told Al Bawaba that Prince’s use of mercenaries allows countries to enter into and escalate conflicts without having to report it to their citizens; his tactic gives governments “plausible deniability” to anything that the mercenaries do.</span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">According to Dr. P.J. Brendese, a professor at Johns Hopkins University and expert on democratic accountability, private military firms “have greater independence to exercise their own prerogatives and ‘we the people’ don’t get a say.&nbsp;<b>That’s the most dangerous thing, because they’re profiting–their motivation it not God and country; their motive is money.”</b></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">By Ty Joplin</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Source: Al Bawaba</div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/04/11/blackwater-founder-erik-prince-drive-to-build-private-air-force">https://theintercept.com/2016/04/11/blackwater-founder-erik-prince-drive-to-build-private-air-force</a></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">see 2020 update below</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman">ECHO PAPA EXPOSED</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman">Inside Erik Prince’s Treacherous Drive to Build a Private Air Force</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman"><b>Jeremy Scahill,</b>&nbsp;Matthew Cole Jeremy Scahill, Matthew Cole</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman">April 11 2016,</font></div></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><h1 class="widgetheadline h1" style="margin: 25px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; cursor: pointer; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a class="widgetheadline-text custom-post-headline" href="https://www.alternet.org/2021/06/china/" aria-label="How China spreads its propaganda version of life for Uyghurs" data-type="text" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;" open="Open" sans="Sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" word-break="word-break" break-word="break-word" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height"><font face="Times New Roman">How China spreads its propaganda version of life for Uyghurs</font></a></h1><div class="social-author clearfix" style="margin-top: 10px;"><a class="social-authorname" href="https://www.alternet.org/author/propublica" data-type="text" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.4; display: inline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; position: relative;"><font face="Times New Roman">ProPublica</font></a></div><div class="body js-expandable clearfix js-listicle-body css-listicle-body-2653506956" style="margin-top: 10px; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; margin-bottom: 15px; display: -webkit-box; text-overflow: ellipsis; line-height: 23px; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; overflow: hidden;"><div class="body-description"><div><font face="Times New Roman">by Jeff Kao, ProPublica, and Raymond Zhong, Paul Mozur and Aaron Krolik, The New York Times</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman">ProPublica is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative...</font></div></div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2021/01/pompeo-china/">https://www.alternet.org/2021/01/pompeo-china/</a></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">2024 bid?&nbsp; tariff on tomatoes and cotton?</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">by Cate Cadell and Tony Munroe BEIJING (Reuters) - With hours left in Donald Trump's presidency, China's foreign ministry took aim at its chief U.S. antagonist, "lying and cheating" Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, and said it would seek cooperation with the incoming administration of Joe Biden.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Pompeo, who has unleashed a barrage of measures against China in his final weeks in office, delivered his own parting shot on Tuesday when he announced that the&nbsp;</span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Trump administration had determined that China has committed “genocide and crimes against humanity” by repressing Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> "...</span></b></font></p><div class="around-the-web" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="from-your-siteheadline" style="font-weight: 700; 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</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;=</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">dn 920&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2020/9/24/headlines/china_accused_of_forcing_thousands_of_tibetans_into_mass_labor_camps">https://www.democracynow.org/2020/9/24/headlines/china_accused_of_forcing_thousands_of_tibetans_into_mass_labor_camps</a></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">still building hiugur camps? still using anyway, expand technique to tibet</font></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"><li class="hidden-xs" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 0px 0px 23px; line-height: 1.33;"><a data-ga-action="Home Headlines: Headline" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2020/9/24/headlines/china_accused_of_forcing_thousands_of_tibetans_into_mass_labor_camps" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; border: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman">China Accused of Forcing Thousands of Tibetans into<b> Mass Labor Camps</b></font></a></li></ul><p style=""><span class="mw-headline"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2019/12/trumps-top-economic-aide-just-made-a-stunning-admission-about-the-presidents-dealing-with-china" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;"><font face="Times New Roman">https://www.alternet.org/2019/12/trumps-top-economic-aide-just-made-a-stunning-admission-about-the-presidents-dealing-with-china</font></a></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">Trump’s top economic aide just made a stunning admission about the president’s dealings with China</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">White House Director of Economic Policy Larry Kudlow addresses reporters Tuesday, Nov. 27, 2018, in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room of White House, on the upcoming G-20 summit in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Official White House Photo by Keegan Barber)</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">Written by Cody Fenwick December 19, 2019</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">White House Director of Economic Policy Larry Kudlow made a stunning admission on Wednesday as he was discussing President Donald Trump’s trade negotiations with China.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Eamon Javers, a CNBC journalist covering the economy, reported on the remarks Kudlow made to a group of reporters.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Kudlow said that Henry Kissinger, President Richard Nixon’s former secretary of State, had recently been to the White House — and he has also recently met with Chinese leader Xi Jinping twice.</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">“I asked if Kissinger is playing a back channel role in trade talks,” Javers said.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">“Well, now you’re getting into the family jewels,” Kudlow responded.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">This alone is a jarring revelation. Kissinger has been persuasively accused of international war crimes as he has enabled dictators and mass atrocities abroad. Having ties to Kissinger, let alone having him actively work to shape policy, should be toxic for any sitting politician.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">And then he went on:</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">Eamon Javers</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">@EamonJavers</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">Replying to @EamonJavers</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Kudlow said&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">President Xi told Kissinger</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;that he would rather “deal with President Trump, who will focus more on trade in the economy, rather than democrats who won't talk about key trade issues, but instead will go on about human rights and other things.”</span></b></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">Eamon Javers</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">@EamonJavers</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">Replying to @EamonJavers</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">He added: “Now, let me be careful here. President Trump made it very clear that we favor freedom and democracy and a peaceful solution in Hong Kong, and that we oppose, of course, the maltreatment of the Muslims and the<b> Uigurs.”</b></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">Of course, it’s no secret that Trump doesn’t about human rights abuses in China — or anywhere. Nothing about his moves on foreign policy or his public statements have given any indication that he genuinely cares about countering authoritarian regimes, promoting democracy, or empowering the rights of minorities. And Trump openly embraces and lauds brutal rulers like Xi, Russia’s Vladimir Putin, and North Korea’s Kim Jong-un, while often spurning the leaders of democratic allies of the United States.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">But still, Kudlow’s caveat aside, it was remarkable for a top adviser to the president to admit on the record that the Chinese prefer Trump over Democrats because he doesn’t “go on about human rights and other things.”</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p style=""><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2019/11/heres-what-key-details-in-leaked-documents-reveal-about-chinas-detention-camps/"><font face="Times New Roman">https://www.alternet.org/2019/11/heres-what-key-details-in-leaked-documents-reveal-about-chinas-detention-camps/</font></a></p><div style=""><font face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/08/19/twitter-ads-china-uighurs/">https://theintercept.com/2019/08/19/twitter-ads-china-uighurs/</a></font></div><div style=""><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><font face="Times New Roman"></font></div><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p style=""><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/"><font face="Times New Roman">https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/</font></a></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">no linx vid many</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">INSIDE CHINA'S MASSIVE SURVEILLANCE OPERATION</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">THE WOMAN REMEMBERS the first time she got a smartphone.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">It was 2011, and she was living in Hotan, an oasis town in Xinjiang, in northwest China. The 30-year-old, Nurjamal Atawula, loved to take pictures of her children and exchange strings of emoji with her husband while he was out. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2013, Atawula downloaded<b> WeChat, the Chinese social messaging app.</b> Not long after, rumors circulated among her friends: The government could track your location through your phone. At first, she didn’t believe them.</span></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In early 2016, police started making routine checks on Atawula’s home. Her husband was regularly called to the police station. The police informed him they were suspicious of his WeChat activity. Atawula’s children began to cower in fear at the sight of a police officer.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The harassment and fear finally reached the point that the family decided to move to Turkey. Atawula’s husband, worried that Atawula would be arrested, sent her ahead while he stayed in Xinjiang and waited for the children’s passports.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">ABOUT THIS STORY</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">This article is a co-production with Coda's Authoritarian Tech channel.]</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>“The day I left, my husband was arrested,” Atawula said. When she arrived in Turkey in June 2016, her phone stopped working—and by the time she had it repaired, all her friends and relatives had deleted her from their WeChat accounts. They feared that the government would punish them for communicating with her.</b></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">She was alone in Istanbul and her digital connection with life in Xinjiang was over. Apart from a snatched Skype call with her mother for 11 and a half minutes at the end of December 2016, communication with her relatives has been completely cut. “Sometimes I feel like the days I was with my family are just my dreams, as if I have been lonely all my life—ever since I was born,” she said.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Atawula now lives alone in Zeytinburnu, a working-class neighborhood in Istanbul. It’s home to Turkey’s largest population of Uyghurs, the mostly Muslim ethnic minority native to Xinjiang, a vast, resource-rich land of deserts and mountains along China’s ancient Silk Road trade route.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>Atawula is one of around 34,000 Uyghurs in Turkey.</b> She is unable to contact any of her relatives—via phone, WeChat, or any other app. “I feel very sad when I see other people video chatting with their families,” she says. “I think, why can’t we even hear the voice of our children?”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>For Uyghurs in Xinjiang, any kind of contact from a non-Chinese phone number, though not officially illegal, can result in instant arrest</b>. Most Uyghurs in Turkey have been deleted by their families on social media. And many wouldn’t dare try to make contact, for fear Chinese authorities would punish their relatives. It’s just one of the ways President Xi Jinping’s government maintains a tightly controlled net of surveillance over the Uyghurs in China, and it has a ripple effect on Uyghurs living all over the world.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Zeytinburnu, the Istanbul suburb where Atawula lives, lies behind the city’s winding expressways, and is dotted with restaurants and cafés serving Uyghur cuisine: wide, slippery noodles, lamb kebabs, and green tea. The Uyghur separatist flag—a light blue version of the Turkish flag—is a common sight. It’s a banned image in China, representing East Turkestan, the name for Xinjiang despised by the Chinese government that almost all Uyghurs here give to their homeland.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>Xinjiang—meaning “new frontier” in Chinese—was brought under the Communist Party of China’s control in 1949. During the latter half of the 20th century, Uyghur independence was a threat that loomed over the party’s agenda. The government tried to stamp out separatism and “assimilate” the Uyghurs by encouraging mass migration of Han Chinese, China’s dominant ethnic group, to Xinjiang.</b></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>During the ’90s, riots erupted between Uyghurs and Chinese police. </b>In a white paper published in March, the Chinese government defined the riots as “inhuman, anti-social and barbaric acts” perpetrated by separatist groups. Amnesty International, meanwhile, described the 1997 protests in Gulja, Xinjiang, as a peaceful demonstration turned massacre, quoting exiled Uyghur activist Rebiya Kadeer. “I have never seen such viciousness in my life,” she said. “Chinese soldiers were bludgeoning the demonstrators.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">After the 9/11 attacks, the Chinese government took a page from George W. Bush’s war on terror and began targeting separatist groups in Xinjiang. In 2009, bloody ethnic riots broke out between Uyghurs and Han Chinese in Urumqi, the Xinjiang capital. Police put the city on lockdown, enforcing an internet blackout and cutting cell phone service. It was the beginning of a new policy to control the Uyghur population—digitally.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">The WeChat Lockdown</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">In recent years, China has carried out its crackdown on Islamic extremism via smartphone. In 2011, Chinese IT giant Tencent holdings launched a new app called WeChat—known as “Undidar” in the Uyghur language. It quickly became a vital communication tool across China.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>The launch of WeChat was “a moment of huge relief and freedom</b>,” said Aziz Isa, a Uyghur scholar who has studied Uyghur use of WeChat alongside Rachel Harris at London’s SOAS University. “Never before in Uyghur life had we had the opportunity to use social media in this way,” Isa said, describing how Uyghurs across class divides were openly discussing everything from politics to religion to music.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>By 2013, around a million Uyghurs were using the app.</b> Harris and Isa observed a steady rise in Islamic content, “most of it apolitical but some of it openly radical and oppositional.” Isa remembers being worried by some of the more nationalist content he saw, though he believes it accounted for less than 1 percent of all the posts. Most Uyghurs, he said, “didn’t understand the authorities were watching.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>This kind of unrestricted communication on WeChat went on for around a year. But in May 2014, the Chinese government enlisted a taskforce to stamp out “malpractice” on instant messaging apps, in particular “rumors and information leading to violence, terrorism, and pornography.” WeChat, alongside its rival apps, was required to let the government monitor the activity of its users.</b></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Miyesser Mijit, 28, whose name has been changed to protect her family, is a Uyghur master’s student in Istanbul who left Xinjiang in 2014, just before the crackdown. During her undergraduate studies in mainland China, she and her Uyghur peers had already learned to use their laptops and phones with caution. They feared they would be expelled from university if they were caught expressing their religion online.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>Mijit’s brother, who was drafted into the Xinjiang police force in the late 2000s, warned her to watch her language while using technology.</b> “He always told me not to share anything about my religion and to take care with my words,” Mijit said. She did not take part in the widespread WeChat conversations about religion. If her friends sent her messages about Islam, she would delete them immediately, and performed a factory reset on her phone before coming home to Xinjiang for the university vacation period. Her precautions turned out to be insufficient.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">A Surveillance State Is Born</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">VIDEO BY CODA]</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The monitoring of Uyghurs was not limited to their smartphones. Mijit remembers first encountering <b>facial recognition technology in the summer of 2013</b>. Her brother came home from the police station carrying a device slightly bigger than a cellphone. <b>He scanned her face and entered her age range as roughly between 20 and 30. The device promptly brought up all her information, including her home address. Her brother warned her this technology would soon be rolled out across Xinjiang. “All your life will be in the record,” he told her.</b></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">In May 2014, alongside the WeChat crackdown, China announced a wider “Strike Hard Campaign Against Violent Terrorism.” It was a response to several high-profile attacks attributed to Uyghur militants, including a suicide car bombing in Tiananmen Square in 2013 and, in the spring of 2014, a train station stabbing in Kunming followed by a market bombing in Urumqi. Authorities zeroed in on ethnic Uyghurs, alongside Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and other Turkic minorities in Xinjiang.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">After being subjected to daily police checks on her home in Urumqi, Mijit decided to leave Xinjiang for Turkey. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">When she returned to China for a vacation in 2015, she saw devices like the one her brother had shown her being used at police checkpoints every few hundred feet. Her face was scanned by police the moment she arrived at the city gates. “I got off the bus and everyone was checked one by one,” she said. She was also greeted by devices affixed to the entrance of every supermarket, mall, and hospital.</span></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">NATASHA WIGODER]</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Amina Abduwayit, 38, a businesswoman from Urumqi who now lives in Zeytinburnu, remembers being summoned to the police station and having her face scanned and inputted into the police database.“It was like a monkey show,” she said. “They would ask you to stare like this and that. They would ask you to laugh, and you laugh, and ask you to glare and you glare.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Abduwayit was also asked to give DNA and blood samples to the police.</b> This was part of a larger, comprehensive campaign by the Chinese government to build a biometric picture of Xinjiang’s Uyghur population and help track those deemed nonconformists. “The police station was full of Uyghurs,” Abduwayit says. “All of them were there to give blood samples.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Finally, Abduwayit was made to give a <b>voice sample</b> to the police. “They gave me a newspaper to read aloud for one minute. It was a story about a traffic accident, and I had to read it three times. They thought I was faking a low voice.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">The voice-recognition program was powered by Chinese artificial intelligence giant iFlytek, which claims a 70 percent share of China’s speech recognition industry.</span> In August 2017, <b>Human Rights Watch found information indicating<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> iFlytek</span> supplied voiceprint technology to police bureaus in Xinjiang province. The company opened an office in Silicon Valley in 2017 </b>and remains open about working “under the guidance of the Ministry of Public Security” to provide “a new experience for public safety and forensic identification,” according to the Chinese version of its website. The company says it offers a particular focus to creating antiterrorism technology.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Human Rights Watch believes the company has been piloting a system in collaboration with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security to monitor telephone conversations. “Many party and state leaders including Xi Jinping have inspected and praised the company’s innovative work,” iFlytek’s website reads.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Halmurat Harri, a Finland-based Uyghur activist, visited the city of Turpan in 2016 and was shocked by the psychological impact of near-constant police checks. “You feel like you are under water,” he says. “You cannot breathe. Every breath you take, you’re careful.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">He remembers driving out to the desert with a friend, who told him he wanted to watch the sunset. They locked their cellphones in the car and walked away. “My friend said, ‘Tell me what’s happening outside. Do foreign countries know about the Uyghur oppression?’ We talked for a couple of hours. He wanted to stay there all night.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">To transform Xinjiang into one of the most tightly controlled surveillance states in the world, a vast, gridlike security network had to be created. <b>Over 160,000 cameras</b> were installed in the city of Urumqi by 2016, according to China security and surveillance experts Adrian Zenz and James Leibold.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">In the year following Chen Quanguo’s 2016 appointment as regional party secretary,<b> more than 100,000 security-related positions were advertised, while security spending leapt by 92 percent—a staggering $8.6 billion increase.</b></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">SOFIYA VOZNAYA]</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">It’s part of a wider story of huge domestic security investment across China, which hit a record $197 billion in 2017. Around 173 million cameras now watch China’s citizens. In the imminent future, the government has laid out plans to achieve 100 percent video coverage of “key public areas.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">For Uyghurs, “the employment situation in Xinjiang is difficult and limited,” said Zenz. A lot of the good jobs require fluency in Chinese—which many Uyghurs don’t have. Joining the police force is one of the only viable opportunities open to Uyghurs, who are then tasked with monitoring their own people.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">China’s Uyghur Gulags</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">VIDEO BY CODA]</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">The government’s efforts to control the people of Xinjiang were not only digital; it also began to imprison them physically.<b> In August 2018, a United Nations human rights panel said it believed one million Uyghurs were being held in what amounts to a “massive internment camp shrouded in secrecy.”</b></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">At first, China denied the existence of the camps entirely. But then, in October 2018, the government announced it had launched “a vocational education and training program” and passed a law legitimizing what they termed “training centers.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In a September 2018 report, Human Rights Watch found human rights violations in Xinjiang to be of a scope and scale not seen since the Cultural Revolution and that the creation of the camps reflected Beijing’s commitment to “transforming Xinjiang in its own image.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Gulbahar Jalilova, 54, a Uyghur clothes retailer from Kazakhstan, spent one year, three months and 10 days in detention centers and camps in Urumqi. She now lives in Istanbul. According to her arrest warrant in China, issued by the Urumqi Public Security Bureau, she was detained “for her suspicious involvement in terrorist activities in the region.” Police accused her of money laundering via one of her employees in Urumqi, who was also arrested. Jalilova denies the charges, saying that they were a mere pretext.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Jalilova was taken to a kanshousuo, one of the many temporary detention centers in the Xinjiang capital. Over the next 15 months, she was transferred to three different jails and camps in Urumqi. She is precise and exacting in her memory of life in detention: a 10-by-20 foot cell, with up to 50 people sitting in tightly packed rows, their feet tucked beneath them.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Jalilova, who has struggled with her memory since being released in August 2018, keeps a notebook where she has written down all the names of the women who were in the cell with her. She also notes the <b>reasons for their arrest, which include downloading WhatsApp</b>—a blocked app in China—storing the numbers of prominent Uyghur scholars, and being caught with religious content on their phones.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">She remembers how the cell was fitted with cameras on all four sides, with a television mounted above the door. “The leaders in Beijing can see you,” the guards told her. Once a month, Jalilova said, the guards would play Xi Jinping’s speeches to inmates and make them write letters of remorse. “If you wrote something bad, they would punish you,” Jalilova said. “You could only say ‘Thank you to the Party’ and ‘I have cleansed myself of this or that’ and ‘I will be a different person once I am released.’”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">SOFIYA VOZNAYA]</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">She was set free in August 2018 and came to Turkey, no longer feeling safe in Kazakhstan, where the government has been accused of deporting Uyghurs back to Xinjiang.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Escape to Turkey</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Though no official statistics for the camps exist, the volunteer-run Xinjiang Victims Database has gathered more than 3,000 Uyghur, Kazakh, and other Muslim minorities’ testimonials for their missing relatives. It shows that around 73 percent of those recorded as being in detention are men.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">It follows that the majority of people who have escaped Xinjiang for Turkey in recent years are women. Local activists estimate 65 percent of the Uyghur population in Turkey is female, many separated from their husbands.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Some Uyghur women made their clandestine escape from Xinjiang by fleeing overland, through China and Thailand to Malaysia, before flying to Turkey. In Zeytinburnu, they live in a network of shared apartments, making whatever money they can by doing undocumented work in the local textile industry, as tailors or seamstresses.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>The women who arrived without their husbands are known among other Uyghurs as “the widows.” Their husbands are trapped in Xinjiang, and they do not know if they are alive, imprisoned, or dead.</b></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Kalbinur Tursun, 35, left Xinjiang in April 2016 with her youngest son Mohamed, the only one of her children who had a passport at the time. She left her other children and husband in Xinjiang. She was pregnant with her seventh child, a daughter called Marziya whom she feared she would be forced to abort, having already had many more children than China’s two-child policy allows.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">When Tursun first arrived in Turkey, she video-called her husband every day over WeChat. Tursun believes Chinese police arrested him on June 13, 2016—as that was the last time she spoke to him. She was then told by a friend that her husband had been sentenced to 10 years in jail as a result of her decision to leave. “I am so afraid my children hate me,” she said.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">NATASHA WIGODER</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Turkey is seen as a safer place to go than other Muslim-majority countries, including Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, whose leaders have both recently dismissed the Uyghurs’ plight. Uyghurs have come to Turkey in waves from China since the 1950s. They are not given work permits, and many hope they will eventually find refuge in Europe or the United States.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Though Turkey has traditionally acted as protector for Uyghurs, whom they view as Turkic kin,<b> President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has been reluctant to speak up for the Uyghurs in recent years as trade relations with China have improved. (By the same token, the Trump administration has declined to press China on human rights issues in Xinjiang as it negotiates a trade deal with Beijing.</b>)</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On February 9, 2019, Hami Aksoy, a spokesman for Turkey’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, broke the diplomatic hush. “It is no longer a secret that more than one million Uyghur Turks incurring arbitrary arrests are subjected to torture and political brainwashing in internment camps and prisons,” Aksoy’s statement read.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Hua Chunying, a spokesperson for China’s foreign ministry, rebuffed these claims two days later, calling the statement “a groundless accusation based on lies.” She highlighted the threat of “three evil forces”—terrorism, extremism and separatism—in China and abroad.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">As a result of China’s policy in the region, Hua said, Xinjiang residents “now have a stronger sense of security, happiness, and fulfillment… the radiant smile on the faces of local people is the most eloquent response to those rumours.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Hua also underlined the terrorist threat Turkey faces as a multi-ethnic country. “If it adopts double standards on counter-terrorism, it will only end up hurting itself as well as others,” she said.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Amina Abduwayit, the businesswoman from Urumqi, was afraid to speak freely when she arrived in Turkey in 2015. For the first two years after she arrived, she did not dare to greet another Uyghur. “Even though I was far away from China, I still lived in fear of surveillance,” she said. Though she now feels less afraid, she has not opened her WeChat app in a year and a half.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Others tried to use WeChat to contact their families, but the drip-feed of information became steadily slower. In 2016, findings by Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto, a research center that monitors methods of information control, showed how the app was censoring its users by tracking their keyword usage. Among the search terms that could trigger official suspicion are any words relating to Uyghur issues such as “2009 Urumqi riots,” “2012 Kashgar riots,” and anything to do with Islam.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">In Zeytinburnu, seamstress Tursungul Yusuf, 42, remembers how phone calls and messages from relatives in Xinjiang became increasingly terse as 2017 went on. “When we spoke, they’d keep it brief. They’d say, ‘We’re OK, safe.’ They’d speak in code—if someone was jailed in the camps, they would say they’d been ‘admitted to hospital.’ I’d say ‘understood.’ We could not talk freely. My older daughter wrote ‘I am helpless’ on her WeChat status. She then sent me one message, ‘Assalam,’ before deleting me.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>A kind of WeChat code had developed through emoji:</b> A half-fallen rose meant someone had been arrested. A dark moon, they had gone to the camps. A sun emoji—“I am alive.” A flower—“I have been released.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Messages were becoming more enigmatic by the day. Sometimes, a frantic series of messages parroting CPC propaganda would be followed by a blackout in communication. Washington, DC-based Uyghur activist Aydin Anwar recalls that where Uyghurs used to write “inshallah” on social media, they now write “CPC.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">On the few occasions she was able to speak with relatives, she said “it sounded like their soul had been taken out of them.” A string of pomegranate images were a common theme: the Party’s symbol of ethnic cohesion, the idea that all minorities and Han Chinese people should live harmoniously alongside one another, “like the seeds of a pomegranate.” By late 2017, most Uyghurs in Turkey had lost contact with their families completely.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Resilience, Resistance, Resolve</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">In a book-lined apartment in Zeytinburnu, Abduweli Ayup, a Uyghur activist and poet, coaches Amina Abduwayit, the businesswoman who fled Xinjiang after police took her DNA. They’re filming a video they plan to upload to Facebook. Ayup films her on his smartphone, while she sits at a table and recounts how her home city of Urumqi was a “digital prison.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Abduwayit describes how they were afraid to turn the lights on early in the morning, for fear the police would think they were praying. She then lists all the members of her family whom she believes have been transferred to detention centers.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Abuwayit is just one of hundreds of Uyghurs in Turkey—and thousands across the world—who have decided to upload their story to the internet.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Since this time last year, a kind of digital revolution has taken place. The Finland-based Uyghur activist Halmurat Harri believes he was the first person to film a testimonial. “I want freedom for my parents, freedom for Uyghur,” he said in a cell phone video recorded in his bathroom in Helsinki last April, before shaving off his hair in protest. “Then I called people and asked them to make their own testimony videos,” Harri said.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Videos filmed on smartphones from Uyghur kitchens, living rooms, and bedrooms began appearing on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter. Ayup described how at the beginning, people would “cover their faces and were afraid of their voices being recognized,” but as 2018 progressed, people became braver.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Gene Bunin, a scholar based in Almaty, Kazakhstan, manages the volunteer-run Xinjiang Victims Database, and has cataloged and gathered thousands of testimonials from Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and other Muslim minorities targeted in Xinjiang.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Bunin noticed that unlike private attempts to make contact, public exposure of missing relatives seemed to push the Chinese authorities to respond. This is particularly true for cases where victims had links to Kazakhstan, where the government has been exerting pressure on China to release ethnic Kazakhs. “There’s evidence the Chinese government is willing to make concessions for those whose relatives give video testimonies,” Bunin said.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">He was told of people being released as little as 24 hours after their relatives posted testimonies online. “It’s a strong sign the Xinjiang authorities are reacting to these videos,” he said.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">China has recently stepped up its defense of practices in Xinjiang, seemingly in response to broader Western attention. In March, Reuters reported that China would invite European diplomats to visit the region. That followed a statement by Xinjiang governor Shohrat Zakir that the camps were in fact “boarding schools.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Harri recently started a hashtag, #MeTooUyghur, encouraging Uyghurs around the world to demand evidence that their families were alive.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Large WhatsApp news groups, with members from the international Uyghur diaspora, have also been a vital source of solidarity for a community deprived of information.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">On December 24, 2018, Kalbinur Tursun—the woman who left five of her children in Xinjiang—was sitting in the ladies’ clothing shop she manages in Zeytinburnu, scrolling through a Uyghur WhatsApp group. She checks it first thing in the morning, last thing at night, and dozens of times throughout the day, as several hundred Uyghur members post near-constant videos and updates on the crisis in Xinjiang.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">She tapped on a video of a room full of Uyghur children, playing a game. An off-camera voice shouts “Bizi! Bizi! Bizi!”—Chinese for “Nose! Nose! Nose!” and an excited group of children tap their noses. Tursun was astonished.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">On the left, she recognized her 6-year-old daughter, Aisha. “Her emotion, her laugh … it’s her. It’s like a miracle,” she said. “I see my child so much in my dreams, I never imagined I would see her in real life.” It had been two years since she had last heard her daughter’s voice.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><b>The video appears to come from one of the so-called “Little Angel Schools” in Hotan province, around 300 miles from Tursun’s native Kashgar, where it’s been reported nearly 3,000 Uyghur children are held.</b> Tursun wonders whether her four other children may have been taken even further afield. Speaking to Radio Free Asia, a Communist Party official for the province said the orphanages were patrolled by police to “provide security.”</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Unlike almost everyone in the global Uyghur diaspora, Nurjamal Atawula managed to find a way to contact her family after the WeChat blackout. She used one of the oldest means possible: writing a letter. In late 2016, she heard of a woman in Zeytinburnu who regularly traveled back and forth between Turkey and her parents’ village in Xinjiang. She asked the woman to take a letter to her family. The woman agreed. Atawula wrote to her brother and was careful not to include anything border inspection or police might be able to use against him.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">“When I was writing the letter, I felt I was living in the dark ages,” Atawula said. She gave it to the woman, along with small presents for her children and money she had saved for her family.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">A month later, she got a reply. The Uyghur woman, who she calls sister, smuggled a letter from her brother out of China, hidden in a packet of tissues.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">Atawula sent a reply with her go-between—but after the third trip, the woman disappeared. Atawula doesn’t know what happened to her. She still writes to her family, but her letters are now kept in a diary, in the hope that one day her children will be able to read them.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">It has now been more than two years since Atawula received her brother’s letter. She keeps it carefully folded, still in the tissue it came in. In that time, she has only read the words three times, as if by looking at them too much they will lose their power.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">My beautiful sister,</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">How are you? After you left Urumqi we couldn’t contact you, but when we got your letter we were so pleased. I have so many words for you… maybe after we reunite we will be able to say them to one another. You said you miss your children. May Allah give you patience. Mother, me, and the relatives all miss you very much. We have so many hopes for you. Please be strong and don’t worry about the children.</font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p style=""><a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/07/18/743211959/how-americans-some-knowingly-some-unwittingly-helped-chinas-surveillance-grow"><font face="Times New Roman">https://www.npr.org/<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">2019</span>/07/18/743211959/how-americans-some-knowingly-some-unwittingly-helped-chinas-surveillance-grow</font></a></p><div id="storytext" class="storytext storylocation linkLocation" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 139.938px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: left; min-height: 120px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">The Chinese government has created a surveillance state</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> using DNA, voice, and face recognition technology to track and target China's Uighur population. Americans helped advance this system.&nbsp;</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">AILSA CHANG, HOST:</span></font></p></div><div class="transcript storytext" aria-label="Transcript" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px 139.938px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; min-height: 120px; overflow: hidden;"><span class="icn-story-transcript-wrap" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;"><span class="icn-story-transcript" style="background-image: url(" background-position="background-position" initial="initial" background-size="background-size" background-repeat="background-repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" margin="margin" px="px" padding="padding" border="border" font-style="font-style" inherit="inherit" font-variant="font-variant" font-stretch="font-stretch" line-height="line-height" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" display="display" block="block" media.npr.org="media.npr.org" chrome="chrome" news="news" tab_transcript.png="tab_transcript.png" left="left" top="top" no-repeat="no-repeat"><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">One of the most high-tech police states in the world is in a remote corner of China. The Chinese Communist Party has been ramping up its persecution of Uighurs. They're a Muslim minority. And some of the technology China is using to target and track Uighurs has been developed with the help of American companies and scientists, scientists like Kenneth Kidd. He's a geneticist at Yale who collaborated with the Chinese government on some research. And what Kidd says he didn't know - what he couldn't know was how he would end up helping advance one of the</span><b> biggest, most invasive surveillance projects anywhere on Earth</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">. And so I asked him...</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">I mean, did you have any concerns at the outset?</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">KENNETH KIDD: Not at the outset.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">CHANG: We'll hear more from him a bit later. But first, it's hard to understand the scale of the police state in Xinjiang province until you're ensnared in it. So I talked to someone who was. He asked me to call him Alim. And his story begins when he was getting off a plane from the U.S. to China and a flight attendant approached him.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">ALIM: She was like, oh, they're asking for you. There might be something wrong with your visa. And I was like, I don't need a visa. I'm a citizen of this country.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">CHANG: Alim is Uighur. He grew up in Xinjiang. And I should say this is not his real voice. We're using a voice actor to protect his identity, a voice actor who is reciting word-for-word from Alim's interview.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">Anyway, police officers escort him off the plane. They search him. They question him. And then they </span><b>take him to a hospital for what they call a health check. An officer takes two tubes of Alim's blood and places them in a box.</b></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">ALIM: As he was placing my sample - my blood sample into that box, I could see easily hundreds of other samples.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">CHANG: Then they </span><b>take pictures of his face.</b></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ALIM:</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> They started to tell me, open my mouth - and then taking pictures of that; and then, close my mouth - and taking pictures of that. And like, reveal my teeth - like, kind of like smile - and then taking pictures of that. It's as if they're trying to, you know, like, take pictures of my facial expressions</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">CHANG: At this point, Alim starts to realize, the government is building a profile on me. That's what they want all this data for. </span><b>They take his handprints, his footprints. They sit him down to record his voice.</b></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ALIM:</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> They handed me this passage in Uighur and told me to read it in front of a very expensive-looking mic.</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">CHANG: Alim would spend a total of 28 days in detention. He watches propaganda videos, chants slogans about how great the Chinese Communist Party is. And then one day, just like that, they let him go. They take him to his family's home, tell him, go on about your life. But the very first time he steps out of the apartment, he begins to notice how radically different his hometown has become.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ALIM: </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As soon as I get out of the building, I actually notice cameras in the apartment complex, which is, you know, weird because there wasn't cameras last year.</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CHANG:</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> He also notices security checkpoints everywhere with facial scanners and these new police stations on every block. But what was most unnerving was that no one was talking about it. Like, once when he was over at his uncle's, one of his family members starts talking about Ramadan.</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ALIM: And my uncle immediately stopped the conversation. He was like, no, don't talk about this - because those vehicles outside with the giant antennas, what do you think they're there for? They're listening to us.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">SOPHIE RICHARDSON: All of these behaviors that are perfectly legal - perfectly legal - are now considered suspicious - and that that information can and will be used against you.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">CHANG: Sophie Richardson is with Human Rights Watch.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: initial; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RICHARDSON: </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Behavior ranging from suddenly socializing less with your neighbors, talking to family members overseas, going out the back door instead of the front door, putting gas in somebody else's car...</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CHANG: All suspicious and all tracked with cutting-edge technology, some of that technology developed with the help of Americans. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">A Massachusetts company called Thermo Fisher Scientific sold DNA sequencers to Xinjiang. They've since stopped.</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b style="">MIT is collaborating with a Chinese company called iFlytek, which supplied voice recognition technology to Xinjiang</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">. By the way, this is why we're using a voice actor for Alim. China has his voice now. And engineers at NPR told us, even if we tried distorting Alim's voice to protect his identity, it could be reverse-engineered.</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">There is one particular American who worked with the Chinese police who stands out to Richardson. Remember that geneticist from Yale at the beginning of the story named Kenneth Kidd?</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">Do you feel that you have done absolutely nothing wrong?</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">KIDD: I have done nothing wrong.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">CHANG: Here's Kidd's story in short.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">His research looks at certain markers inside your DNA that can point to the region or ethnic group you're from. It's like 23andMe but fancier. There was a hole, though, in his research, and that hole was China. So when he gets an invitation from the Chinese Ministry of Public Security, which is the Chinese police, he accepts.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">One of their top scientists tells Kidd she's really interested in his ancestry research. And thanks to her job, she has access to DNA samples from all sorts of minorities in China. Do you want to work together? - she asks. Can I come visit your lab? And Kidd says, sure. Come on over to Yale University.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">So this top scientist for the Chinese police spends a year inside Kidd's lab. They share DNA samples they've each collected, and the two of them write a paper together. And one thing the paper looks at is, what differentiates the DNA of certain ethnic groups, including groups that the Chinese government is targeting in Xinjiang, like Uighurs, Tajiks Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. Kidd says the scientist for the Chinese police claimed that all of her DNA samples, including the Uighur ones, were collected with signed informed consent.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">Knowing what you know now about how the Chinese government has treated Uighurs and now treats Uighurs, do you still believe that every genetic sample taken from a Uighur was definitely taken with informed consent? Do you really believe that?</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">KIDD: It's impossible to believe that unequivocally. But on the other hand, I have no way of knowing one way or the other.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">CHANG:</span><b> Critics say, by collaborating with the Chinese police, Kidd helped China advance a system to target, track and oppress the Uighurs.</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;"> He says he followed accepted practice and that this collaboration happened years ago, before much of the world knew what was happening in Xinjiang. Besides, Kidd says, he's now stopped all collaborations with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security.</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">Have you asked scientists at the Chinese Ministry of Public Security to stop using the genetic samples you provided them?</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">KIDD: Yes.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">CHANG: Did they say they would stop?</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">KIDD: I've gotten no reply.</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)</font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.17647em; padding: 0px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.70588; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 680px; position: static; float: none; width: auto;"><font face="Times New Roman">CHANG: You can hear a longer version of this story on NPR's Planet Money podcast.</font></p></span></span></div><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.33;"><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" /></a><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAHegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Inside China's Surveillance Crackdown on Uyghurs | WIRED</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">May 9, 2019 -&nbsp;</span>In&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Xinjiang</span>, northwest&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">China</span>, the government is cracking down on the ... Mijit remembers first encountering&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">facial recognition</span>&nbsp;technology in the&nbsp;...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.54; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BNnWYb0cd74J:https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:BNnWYb0cd74J:https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/%2B%26cd%3D8%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QIDAHegQIAxAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.54; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BNnWYb0cd74J:https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:BNnWYb0cd74J:https://www.wired.com/story/inside-chinas-massive-surveillance-operation/%2B%26cd%3D8%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QIDAHegQIAxAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font face="Times New Roman">also guk</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px;"><div data-hveid="CAAQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFSgAMAB6BAgAEAA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAAegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" /></a></font></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.33;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjAAegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">One Month, 500,000 Face Scans: How China Is Using A.I. to Profile a ...</font></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline-block; line-height: 1.54; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.43;">https://www.nytimes.com/.../china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.htm...</cite></font></font></div></div><div class="s" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">Apr 14, 2019 -&nbsp;</span>The&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">facial recognition</span>&nbsp;technology, which is integrated into&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">China's</span>&nbsp;... The technology and its use to keep tabs on&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">China's</span>&nbsp;11 million&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Uighurs</span>&nbsp;...</font></span></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAUQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFSgAMAF6BAgFEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/07/18/743211959/how-americans-some-knowingly-some-unwittingly-helped-chinas-surveillance-grow" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/18/743211959/how-americans-some-knowingly-some-unwittingly-helped-chinas-surveillance-grow&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjABegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" /></a></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.33;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/07/18/743211959/how-americans-some-knowingly-some-unwittingly-helped-chinas-surveillance-grow" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/18/743211959/how-americans-some-knowingly-some-unwittingly-helped-chinas-surveillance-grow&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjABegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman">How Americans — Some Knowingly, Some Unwittingly — Helped ...</font></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.54; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.43;">https://www.npr.org/.../how-americans-some-knowingly-some-unwittingly-helped-china...</cite></font></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">1 day ago -&nbsp;</span>The&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Chinese</span>&nbsp;government has created a surveillance state using DNA, voice, and&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">face recognition</span>&nbsp;technology to track and target&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">China's Uighur</span>&nbsp;...</font></span></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFSgAMAJ6BAgBEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.33;"><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" /></a><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">China Is Using Facial Recognition To Track Ethnic Minorities, Even In ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.54; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.43;">https://www.forbes.com/.../china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-eth...</cite></font></font></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?ei=dkYyXeeeDc_WtAaB0qiQAw&q=facial+recongnition+china+uigur&oq=facial+recongnition+china+uigur&gs_l=psy-ab.3...12673.24486..25972...0.0..0.322.2075.0j10j1j1......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i10j0i13j0i8i13i30.ICLwaGEN5ik&ved=0ahUKEwjnsaWdhsLjAhVPK80KHQEpCjIQ4dUDCAo&uact=5#" id="am-b2" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20Q7B0wAnoECAEQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">May 3, 2019 -&nbsp;</span>The only surprise is that this time it was in Beijing and not&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Xinjiang</span>. ...&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">China</span>&nbsp;Is Using&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Facial Recognition</span>&nbsp;To Track Ethnic Minorities, Even In&nbsp;...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:L4kse_cfJ_AJ:https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:L4kse_cfJ_AJ:https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/05/03/china-new-data-breach-exposes-facial-recognition-and-ethnicity-tracking-in-beijing/%2B%26cd%3D3%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwi8wI-olMLjAhVQiqwKHQc7A20QIDACegQIARAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theconversation.com/the-history-of-chinas-muslims-and-whats-behind-their-persecution-117365"><font face="Times New Roman">https://theconversation.com/the-history-of-chinas-muslims-and-whats-behind-their-persecution-117365</font></a></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-xinjiang-rights/15-million-muslims-could-be-detained-in-chinas-xinjiang-academic-idUSKCN1QU2MQ" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Over 1 million Uighur Muslims</a>&nbsp;are being held in detention centers in the far western province of Xinjiang, China.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Uighur leaders and experts located outside China have warned that the situation could worsen, and “mass murder”&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/07/uighur-leaders-warn-chinas-actions-could-be-precursors-to-genocide" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">could not be ruled out</a>. With upwards of 10% of the Uighurs being held against their will, it is being called the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/3/30/18287532/china-uighur-muslims-internment-camps-turkey" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">worst and the most neglected humanitarian crisis</a>&nbsp;of the past 10 years.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Why is this is happening, and what makes the Chinese government see Muslims as a threat?</font></font></font></p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-rendering: optimizelegibility;" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Islam in China</font></font></font></h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">I have studied&nbsp;<a href="https://fulbright.uark.edu/departments/history/directory/faculty/uid/kah018/name/Kelly-Hammond/" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">the long history of Muslims in China</a>. Today’s China is home to a large Muslim population – around 1.6% of the total population, or around&nbsp;<a href="https://guides.lib.unc.edu/china_ethnic/statistics" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">22 million people</a>.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">They are not newcomers. Islam was introduced to China by envoys from the Middle East who traveled to meet Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Shortly after this visit, the&nbsp;<a href="https://jsah.ucpress.edu/content/67/3/330" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">first mosque was built</a>&nbsp;in the southern trading port of Guangzhou for Arabs and Persians who traveled around the Indian Ocean and the South China Seas. During this time, Muslim merchants established themselves in Chinese ports and in Silk Route trading posts.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">However, they lived segregated from the Han Chinese majority for five centuries.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">This changed in the 13th century under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, when&nbsp;<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41930343?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Muslims came to China in unprecedented numbers</a>&nbsp;to serve as administrators for the new rulers who were descendants of Ghengis Khan, founder of the Mongol empire.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">The Mongols had little experience running the bureaucracy of the Chinese empire and turned to Muslims from important Silk Road cities like Bukhara and Samarkand in Central Asia for help. They recruited and forcibly relocated hundreds of thousands of Central Asians and Persians to help them govern their expanding empire to the Yuan court.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">During this time, wealthy officials continued to bring their wives with them, while lower-ranking officials took local Chinese wives.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">After Ghengis Khan conquered much of Eurasia in the 12th century, his heirs ruled different parts of the continent,&nbsp;<a href="http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/history/history5.htm" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">leading to a period of unprecedented peace and prosperity</a>. This allowed cultures to flourish and goods and ideas to travel more freely. It brought the cultural traditions of China and the Muslim world together in new ways.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">For about the next 300 years – during the Ming Dynasty – Muslims continued to be influential in government.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1000ce_mingvoyages.htm" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Zheng He</a>, the admiral who led Chinese fleets on exploratory and diplomatic journeys through Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean, was a Muslim eunuch. His familiarity with Arabic –&nbsp;<a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/ibn-battuta-black-africa" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">the lingua franca of the Indian Ocean</a>&nbsp;– and his knowledge of the social graces associated with Islam made him an ideal choice to lead the journeys.</font></font></font></p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-rendering: optimizelegibility;" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Persecution during Cultural Revolution</font></font></font></h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">In the 18th century, the relationship between Muslims and the state in China began to change. This period witnessed some violent clashes as the state tried to exert more direct control over territories where the majority of Muslims lived.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">The Qing Dynasty, which lasted from 1644 through 1911, marked a period of unprecedented population growth and territorial expansion. During this period,&nbsp;<a href="https://china.usc.edu/atwill-chinese-sultanate-islam-ethnicity-and-panthay-rebellion-southwest-china-1856-1873-2005" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Muslim populations clashed with the Qing rulers</a>&nbsp;and revolted on numerous occasions.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Many revolts were staged as opposition to the influx of migrants, who were coming from the overpopulated regions of China to regions that had not previously been under direct Chinese control. These revolts were violently suppressed by the state, ending a long period of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/LIPFAM.html" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">accommodation for Muslims in China</a>.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, ethnographers and anthropologists divided the people who lived within the borders of the new state into&nbsp;<a href="https://history.stanford.edu/publications/coming-terms-nation-ethnic-classification-modern-china" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">56 ethnic groups</a>&nbsp;based on relatively ambiguous criteria, such as shared language, territory, history and traditions.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Of these groups, 10 are now recognized as Muslim minorities. They are, in descending order based on the sized of their populations: Hui, Uighur, Kazakh, Dongxiang, Kyrgyz, Salar, Tajik, Uzbek, Bonan and finally Tatar, who currently number around 5,000.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">In the first years after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, Muslims enjoyed relative religious freedom. However, during the chaotic early years of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26196674?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Cultural Revolution</a>&nbsp;between 1966 and 1969, mosques were defaced, copies of the Quran were destroyed, Muslims were prohibited from going on the religious pilgrimage of&nbsp;<a href="https://theconversation.com/explaining-the-muslim-pilgrimage-of-hajj-83284" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">hajj</a>&nbsp;and expressions of all religious beliefs were banned by the Communist Red Guards.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, the Communists adopted more relaxed policies towards Muslim communities.</font></font></font></p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-rendering: optimizelegibility;" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Silence of world leaders</font></font></font></h2><figure class="align-center " style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative;" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><figcaption style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 18px;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" sans-serif="sans-serif" cursor="cursor" default="default"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="caption" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Uighur drivers have their vehicles checked at a police checkpoint in Hotan, in western China’s Xinjiang region.</span>&nbsp;<span class="attribution" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><a class="source" href="http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/China-Ethnic-Unity-Village/2bc6b2cf025f497590c064ddb90e853a/68/0" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; display: inline; max-width: 100%;">AP Photo/Andy Wong</a></span></font></font></font></figcaption></figure><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">But tensions have been escalating since 9/11, and reached a boiling point in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/06/world/asia/06china.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=6BD4EE699B76C1228E1803DA3E46D4D4&gwt=pay" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">2009 when there were ethnic riots</a>&nbsp;between the Uighurs and Han Chinese throughout Xinjiang province. Since then, the Chinese state has slowly and quietly increased&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/05/01/chinas-algorithms-repression/reverse-engineering-xinjiang-police-mass-surveillance" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">restrictions on the movement</a>&nbsp;and culture of Uighurs and other Muslim minorities.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">In the past 18 months, these tensions have been exacerbated by the unlawful incarceration of Muslims living in the Uighur region of western China. A campaign that started with the Uighurs is now being extended to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47157111" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Kazakhs and others</a>. There is also mounting evidence that the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ft.com/content/fa830466-1166-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Hui are facing increasing restrictions</a>.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Our recent work also shows that Islamophobia in the West is further abetting the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.chinafile.com/conversation/islamophobia-china" style="outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Islamophobia in China</a>, with global leaders willing to stay silent about the treatment of Muslims.</font></font></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></p><div style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></div><div style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" /></font></font><div><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">China's hi-tech war on its Muslim minority | News | The Guardian</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman">https://wXw.theguardian.com/.../china-hi-tech-war-on-muslim-minority-xinjiang-uighur...</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman">Apr 11, 2019 - In mid-2017, Alim, a Uighur man in his 20s, returned to China from ... before a security camera equipped with facial recognition software.</font></div></div><div style=""><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwji2duS2dLiAhUP0KwKHe2ZD50QFSgAMAB6BAgBEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html&ved=2ahUKEwji2duS2dLiAhUP0KwKHe2ZD50QFjAAegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.33;"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html&ved=2ahUKEwji2duS2dLiAhUP0KwKHe2ZD50QFjAAegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" /></a><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html&ved=2ahUKEwji2duS2dLiAhUP0KwKHe2ZD50QFjAAegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html&ved=2ahUKEwji2duS2dLiAhUP0KwKHe2ZD50QFjAAegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html&ved=2ahUKEwji2duS2dLiAhUP0KwKHe2ZD50QFjAAegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html&ved=2ahUKEwji2duS2dLiAhUP0KwKHe2ZD50QFjAAegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">One Month, 500,000 Face Scans: How China Is Using A.I. to Profile a ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.54; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.43;">https://www.nytimes.com/.../china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.htm...</cite></font></font></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">Apr 14, 2019 -&nbsp;</span>The&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">facial recognition</span>&nbsp;technology, which is integrated into&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">China's</span>&nbsp;... The technology and its use to keep tabs on&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">China's</span>&nbsp;11 million&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Uighurs</span>&nbsp;...</font></span></font></font></div></div></div></div></div><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></font></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">omfg</font></font></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/04/china-created-a-racist-artificial-intelligence-to-track-muslims">https://www.vanityfair.com/news<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">/2019</span>/04/china-created-a-racist-artificial-intelligence-to-track-muslims</a></font></font></font></p><p style=""><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><b>The&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">Chinese government is using facial-recognition software to “track and control” a predominantly Muslim minority group, according to a disturbing new</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/technology/china-surveillance-artificial-intelligence-racial-profiling.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">report</a><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">from</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">&nbsp;</span></b><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b>The New York Times</b>.</em><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">The Chinese government has reportedly integrated artificial intelligence into its security cameras to identify the Uighurs and appears to be using the information to monitor the persecuted group. The report, based on the accounts of whistleblowers familiar with the systems and a review of databases used by the government and law enforcement, suggests the authoritarian country has opened up a new frontier in the use of A.I. for racist social control—and raises the discomfiting possibility that other governments could adopt similar practices.</span></font></font></font></p><p data-reactid="224" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Two people familiar with the matter told the&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Times</em>&nbsp;that police in the Chinese city of Sanmenxia screened whether residents were Uighurs 500,000 times in a single month. Documents provided to the paper reportedly show demand for the technology is ballooning: more than 20 departments in 16 provinces sought access to the camera system, in one case writing that it “should support facial recognition to identify Uighur/non-Uighur attributes.”&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">This, experts say, is more than enough to raise red flags. “I don’t think it’s overblown to treat this as an existential threat to democracy,”&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Jonathan Frankle,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">&nbsp;an A.I. researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told the&nbsp;</span><em style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); box-sizing: border-box;">Times</em><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Once a country adopts a model in this heavy authoritarian mode, it’s using data to enforce thought and rules in a much more deep-seated fashion than might have been achievable 70 years ago in the Soviet Union. To that extent, this is an urgent crisis we are slowly sleepwalking our way into.”</span></font></font></font></p><p data-reactid="227" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Racial profiling has long been a&nbsp;<a href="https://qz.com/1286533/a-startup-selling-racial-profiling-software-shows-how-ai-can-be-dangerous-way-before-any-robot-apocalypse/" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">concern</a>&nbsp;in the use of artificial intelligence. But in the United States and other Western countries, much of that scrutiny has centered on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/04/the-trailblazing-roboticist-tackling-diversity-and-bias-in-artificial-intelligence" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">biases</a>&nbsp;built into A.I. systems. Computer scientist&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Aylin Caliskan</span>&nbsp;put the matter succinctly in a 2017&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/1/23/18194717/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-ai-bias" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">interview</a>&nbsp;with Vox: “Many people think machines are not biased. But machines are trained on human data. And humans are biased.”</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">&nbsp;Already, studies have shown this to be the case. A 2016&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">investigation</a><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">&nbsp;by ProPublica found that machine-learning software rated black people at higher risk of committing another crime after an initial arrest. (The software’s conclusions were based on current incarceration rates.) American lawmakers have highlighted these concerns as the A.I. race heats up. “Algorithms are still made by human beings, and those algorithms are still pegged to basic human assumptions,”</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;Rep.&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/1/23/18194717/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-ai-bias" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">said</a>&nbsp;at an event in January. “They’re just automated assumptions. And if you don’t fix the bias, then you are just automating the bias.”</span></font></font></font></p><p data-reactid="227" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font face="Times New Roman">In&nbsp;</font><span style="" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">China, however, the government appears to be exploiting that bias, purposely using the technology to keep tabs on a subset of its population. China has faced increasing criticism from human-rights groups for its treatment of the country’s 11 million Uighurs, about a million of whom are believed to be detained in Chinese indoctrination camps, which the government&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/08/world/asia/china-muslims-camps.html" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">characterized</a><span style="" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">&nbsp;to the&nbsp;</span><em style="box-sizing: border-box;" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Times</em></span><span style="" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;as “vocational training centers that curb extremism</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">.” But the secret use of artificial intelligence as part of its crackdown on the Muslim minority is likely to exacerbate fears about the government’s increasingly aggressive approach to the group, and about the abilities of governments worldwide to use technology for nefarious purposes. China appears to be the first country to use the systems explicitly for racial profiling, but experts are concerned that others will follow. “Take the most risky application of this technology, and chances are good someone is going to try it,”&nbsp;</span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Clare Garvie,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">&nbsp;an associate at the Center on Privacy and Technology at Georgetown Law, told the&nbsp;</span><em style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); box-sizing: border-box;" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Times</em><span style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);" times="times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">. “If you make a technology that can classify people by an ethnicity, someone will use it to repress that ethnicity.”</span></font></font></p><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" style="">=</font></font></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>