Shukla, J

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see horner </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GAO bs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see lamar</font></div><div><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 22</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr<a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="blank" href="https://csldf.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=b43f4b84f1&e=15e3916d62" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Shukla’s story</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> is an example of how scientists are threatened or silenced for being outspoken on climate misinformation.</span><br style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><br style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Professor Jagadish Shukla is a prominent climate scientist and a distinguished professor of climate dynamics at George Mason University. He has also been the recipient of targeting, including through hate mail, invasive open records requests, smear campaigns by blogs and news outlets, and a lengthy investigation launched by then-Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX).</span><br style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><br style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Read Dr. Shukla’s story </span><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="blank" href="https://csldf.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=c3d8c52c78&e=15e3916d62" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">here</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Check out the rest of our Scientists’ Stories </span><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="blank" href="https://csldf.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=c9c74e753f&e=15e3916d62" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">here</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span></font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://climatelitigationwatch.org/attorney-general-paper/">https://climatelitigationwatch.org/attorney-general-paper/</a></font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">horner vs GMU? shukla maibach</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">eliz woodley</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Maibach RICO docs II finally produc...</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GMU ‘Puerto Rico’ docs</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Horner v GMU hearing transcript</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Horner et al v GMU</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GMU Bates Stamps 103 – 133</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GMU Bates Stamps 134 – 178</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GMU Bates Stamps 60 – 102</font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GMU Bates Stamps 1 – 59</font></font></p><p open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.chronicle.com/article/to-court-a-secretive-donor-law-deans-at-george-mason-blasted-climate-scientists-and-their-own-accreditor/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.chronicle.com/article/to-court-a-secretive-donor-law-deans-at-george-mason-blasted-climate-scientists-and-their-own-accreditor/</font></a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> Chronicle.com </font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>To Court a Secretive Donor, Law Deans at George Mason Blasted Climate Scientists and Their Own Accreditor</b></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By Jack Stripling and Nell Gluckman</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DECEMBER 18, 2019</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Dean Henry N. Butler</b>, left, and the artist Greg Wyatt unveil a statue of Antonin Scalia at George Mason U. law school in the fall of 2018. In the audience are Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas; Chief Justice John G. Roberts and his wife, Jane Sullivan Roberts; Justice Samuel Alito and his wife, Martha-Ann Bomgardner Alito; Justice Elena Kagan, and Justice Neil Gorsuch.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Leaders of George Mason University’s Antonin Scalia Law School, which has been criticized for its ties to conservative donors, have spent years courting a wealthy Chicago philanthropist who has steered money toward organizations that promote skepticism of climate change or finance conservative and libertarian journalism on college campuses.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Newly released documents show the extent to which <b>Barre Seid</b>, the philanthropist, sought to engage law-school deans on hot-button political topics</span>. On several occasions he raised alarms about political activism by climate scientists at George Mason, prompting assurances from the dean that “some of our friends on the board” were “all over it (behind the scenes).”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The documents, which include more than 800 pages of emails and other communications, were obtained through a public-records request filed by UnKoch My Campus, a national group that seeks to expose the Charles Koch Foundation’s influence on higher education.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2016, George Mason announced that it had received a $10 million grant from the Koch Foundation, along with <b>$20 million from an anonymous donor</b>, who asked that the law school be named in honor of Scalia, the late Supreme Court justice and a conservative icon. In a news release on Thursday, Allison Pienta, a lawyer working with UnKoch My Campus, argued that the <b>documents she had obtained “prove that Mr. Seid is the Scalia Law donor.”</b></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Taxpayers, students, Virginia citizens, we have a right to know who is donating to a public law school and asking the law school in return to serve their interest.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pienta, who had requested records that contained the anonymous donor’s name, suspected that Seid had been the benefactor in part because people associated with him are referred to in a number of exchanges. She concluded that he was the donor after cross-referencing those emails with others that mention Seid by name.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anne Holton, George Mason’s interim president, said in a letter to Pienta that the university could not “confirm or deny your conclusion” that Seid is the anonymous donor, “as universities have an obligation to respect a donor’s right to anonymity.”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After reviewing the records, which contained numerous redactions to protect donor privacy, The Chronicle could not independently verify the identity of the donor.<b> What the records do show, however, is a yearslong, politically tinged dialogue between Seid and two successive deans of George Mason’s law school.</b></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">People who are concerned about undue donor influence often envision clear-cut quid pro quos or prescriptive gift agreements that grant wealthy people too much control over the academic enterprise. These documents imply a subtler form of influence, one in which a donor elevates concerns about a professor or a regulatory body just by passing information along to university decision makers.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">An Activist Donor</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As told through the documents, the story of Seid’s relationships with Daniel D. Polsby, former dean of the law school, and his <b>successor, Henry N. Butler, begins at least nine years ago</b>. By that time, Seid had already been working to transform a tiny part of the higher-education landscape. Through the Barbara and Barre Seid Foundation, he gave $825,000 to Shimer College, an institution that enrolled about 100 students and followed the Great Books curriculum. After the donation, several people with financial ties to Seid joined the college’s Board of Trustees, and a fierce battle over governance of the college followed.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(In 2017, Shimer was absorbed by North Central College, which added the Shimer Great Books School as an academic program).</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Between 2011 and 2016, Seid had or had scheduled at least seven meetings with one or both of George Mason’s law deans.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The deans found in Seid an inquisitive communicator, particularly when it came to conservative causes. In 2012, for example, he wrote to Polsby asking for “any insight” into a new program, housed at George Mason, that was established by the former Republican Congressman Bob Inglis. The question was notable given Seid’s apparent interest in the politics of climate science. Inglis had been voted out of office two years earlier during his primary, largely because he supported a tax on carbon. Now he was being embraced by George Mason.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Inglis’s program, the Energy and Enterprise Initiative, was meant to “promote conservative solutions to America’s energy and climate challenges.” Polsby responded to Seid right away, appearing to distance himself and the law school from the program.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Inglis’s new center is in a different college from us,” Polsby said. “The law school has no role and wasn’t asked before the announcement was made.”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The conversations at times took on an antiregulatory flavor. In one exchange with Seid, in 2013, Polsby launched into a broadside against the law school’s accrediting agency. The American Bar Association, he wrote, “has added all kinds of dubious nonsense in its accreditation standards.”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Poking them in the eye,” Polsby continued, “would be a genuine pleasure.”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Seid seemed particularly curious about the powers of higher-education regulators. Who was to say whether a person could operate a school, he wondered? Did you need the state’s permission, he asked Polsby? Did you need accreditation?</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The impetus for that discussion was a Chronicle article that said the state of Virginia was shutting down an unaccredited university.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">‘Outrageous Behavior’</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2015, the year Butler became dean, a controversy in climate science captured Seid’s attention. Butler assured the philanthropist that he, too, was aghast.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A group of 20 professors, including some at George Mason, signed a letter urging the Obama administration to open a racketeering investigation into fossil-fuel companies and their allies. The companies had “knowingly deceived the American people about the risks of climate change,” the professors wrote, and could be investigated under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, commonly known as RICO.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This wasn’t the professors’ idea. Several months earlier, U.S. Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse, Democrat of Rhode Island, had proposed the possibility of suing fossil-fuel companies under RICO, just as the Justice Department had done to Big Tobacco more than a decade earlier. Tobacco companies had engaged in a “massive 50-year scheme to defraud the public,” the department had argued. The same might be said of fossil-fuel companies, Senator Whitehouse wrote, which had sponsored climate-change research that contradicts peer-reviewed consensus.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Seid forwarded to Butler a blog post by Judith A. Curry</b>, a high-profile skeptic of climate science and former chairwoman of the Georgia Institute of Technology’s School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. Curry wrote that “the consensus on human caused climate change is not as overwhelming as you seem to think.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">” She admonished the professors for engaging in “irresponsible advocacy,” accusing them of trying to “silence scientists that disagree with you.”</span></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Is it significant that 6 GMU guys,” Seid wrote to Butler, “were the originators” of the letter.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“This is really outrageous behavior,” Butler replied on September 18, 2015. “I do not know the GMU folks who signed the letter, but they should be embarrassed. I wonder if they really understand anything about RICO, which was the source of much abuse by prosecutors (and the plaintiffs’ bar in follow on private suits) until the Feds went totally crazy and criminalized almost all behavior (which meant there was less need to use conspiracy theories).</span>”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A few weeks later, Seid forwarded to Butler another blog post on the same subject from Powerline, an outlet for conservative commentary.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Not your problem — but. … ” Seid wrote to the dean.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">The post, titled “An Instance of Warmist Corruption,” took aim at Jagadish Shukla, a climate scientist at George Mason and the first signatory to the professors’ letter calling for a RICO investigation. The blog described Shukla as “remarkably well paid” and suggested some form of financial malfeasance on his part.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Shukla was one of the lead authors of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report</span>, who shared the Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President Al Gore Jr., in 2007.</b></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Responding to the Powerline post, Butler assured Seid that powerful people at George Mason were involved with the matter.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“This is such absurd behavior,” Butler wrote to Seid on October 9, 2015. “Totally indefensible.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Some of our friends on the board,” he continued, “are all over it (behind the scenes).</span>”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>That same month, George Mason began an internal audit of Shukla’s handling of grants, a university spokesman confirmed to The Chronicle.</b></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">By this time, Shukla had run smack into a political buzz saw. Lamar S. Smith, a Republican Congressman from Texas, had announced plans to investigate a nonprofit research group led by Shukla.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>On November 5, 2015, Seid forwarded to Butler an email about Shukla from Joseph L. Bast, then the president of the Heartland Institute, a conservative think tank.</b> Seid’s foundation has donated at least $1 million to the institute, which rejects as “propaganda” the idea of scientific consensus on the causes and consequences of climate change. George Mason’s own “multimillionaire government trough-feeder,” Bast wrote, was finally being exposed.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In response to Seid, Butler wrote, “The president is freaking out about this,” referring to Ángel Cabrera, George Mason’s president at the time.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For climate scientists like Shukla, criticism often comes with the job. But the newly released emails, Shukla told The Chronicle, suggest that those attackers had the ear of George Mason’s Board of Visitors.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“The ferocity of their attack was totally expected,” Shukla said in an email. “The fact that these guys had access to GMU board members, as the emails show, that is very unusual.</b>”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Sandler, a spokesman for George Mason, told The Chronicle that <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">George Mason’s audit “concluded no wrongdoing on the part of Professor Shukla.”</span></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Chronicle requested a copy of the audit, but George Mason officials said it was a personnel record and not subject to public-disclosure laws.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">As for congressional scrutiny, a politically connected board member says he came to Shukla’s defense. Thomas M. Davis III, the rector of George Mason’s board and a former Republican congressman from Virginia, said in an interview on Tuesday that he had quietly urged Representative Smith not to call a public hearing.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I said ‘Look, lay off this guy,’” Davis said. “I made it clear we stood behind him and they ought to lay off him, and they did. I met with Shukla and told him we supported him.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“When one of our professors is under attack, either from the right or the left, we are behind them,” Davis continued.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Butler, the dean, declined an interview request </b>and did not answer specific questions from The Chronicle about his emails. In a statement, Butler said he had nothing to do with the university’s response to Shukla.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I had no influence in this matter, nor did I attempt to exert any influence in this matter,” Butler’s statement reads. “I support academic freedom at George Mason University’s Scalia Law School and across the university. Academic freedom and an open marketplace of ideas, including room for robust debate, is the very foundation of higher learning.”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A spokeswoman for Tripp Lite, a manufacturing company where Seid served as president, did not respond to emails this week seeking comment from Seid, who did not respond to a phone message on Wednesday.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A University on the Defensive</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">For George Mason, the release of a new cache of documents related to donor influence marks a chapter in a continuing saga. For years the university has fought in courts of law and public opinion, defending its relationships with conservative philanthropists. Only recently, however, did the university acknowledge that it hasn’t always gotten it right.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Last year when Cabrera, then the university’s president, announced a review of George Mason’s gift-acceptance policies, he conceded that some of its grant agreements “fall short of the standards of academic independence.” The agreements gave donors opportunities to weigh in on faculty hiring and stated with some specificity what professors would study.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But donors can still keep their identities secret, making it difficult to discern their intent.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By channeling a gift through a third party, a donor can further obscure the source of the money. That appears to have happened at George Mason. Several of the newly released emails refer to Donors Trust, a nonprofit organization that, among other things, offers donors anonymity.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donors Trust describes itself as a public charity that was created to work with donors who are “dedicated to the ideals of limited government, personal responsibility, and free enterprise.” Mother Jones described it as “the dark-money ATM of the right.” In her book Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right, Jane Mayer explained that donors could give to the fund, which in turn donated to conservative groups and, in effect, “erased the donors’ names from the money trail.”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That kind of opacity troubles some at George Mason, who say the public deserves more information about who may be exerting influence on a public university’s leadership and its faculty members. Pienta, the lawyer working with UnKoch My Campus, said “Mason has become basically ground zero for improper donor influence on a public institution.”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Taxpayers, students, Virginia citizens, we have a right to know who is donating to a public law school and asking the law school in return to serve their interest,” said Pienta, a graduate of George Mason’s law school.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Virginia code, however, exempts from disclosure any records that could reveal the identity of a donor who has requested anonymity. (The state’s Supreme Court ruled last week that George Mason’s fund-raising arm is exempt from public-records laws).</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It is still not clear what Seid’s involvement in renaming the law school may have been, if anything. But when the school unveiled a 4,300-pound “Bill of Rights Eagle” statue in front of its building, Butler wanted Seid to know about it.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Yesterday was a really cool day at Scalia Law,” he wrote to Seid in May 2017, just over a year after the school was renamed. The sculptor had another project in the works, Butler explained: “a larger-than-life statue of Justice Scalia.”</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jack Stripling covers college leadership, particularly presidents and governing boards. Follow him on Twitter @jackstripling, or email him at jack.stripling@chronicle.com.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nell Gluckman is a senior reporter who writes about research, ethics, funding issues, affirmative action, and other higher-education topics. You can follow her on Twitter @nellgluckman, or email her at nell.gluckman@chronicle.com.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dan Bauman and Megan Zahneis contributed to this report.</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A version of this article appeared in the January 10, 2020, issue.</font></font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla</font></a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style=""><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jagadish Shukla<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">born 1944) is an Indian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorologist" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">meteorologist</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_University_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished University Professor" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Distinguished University Professor</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">George Mason University</a> in the United States.</span></font></font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /></font><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#Early_years" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Early years</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#Professional_activities" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Professional activities</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#Awards" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Awards</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#RICO_20_Controversy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">RICO 20 Controversy</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_years">Early years</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagadish_Shukla&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early years" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></font></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla was born in 1944 in the village of Mirdha in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballia_district" title="Ballia district" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ballia district</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Uttar Pradesh</a>, India. This village had no electricity, no roads or transportation, and no primary school building. Most of his primary school education was received under a large banyan tree. He passed from the S.R.S. High School, Sheopur, in the first class with distinction in Mathematics and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sanskrit</a>. He studied science, firstly outside school, then at S.C. College, Ballia. At <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_University" title="Banaras Hindu University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Banaras Hindu University</a>, he passed BSc (honors) at the age of 18 with Physics, Mathematics, and Geology (first class) followed after a brief interval from studies by an MSc in Geophysics in 1964 and PhD in Geophysics in 1971 as an external student of BHU. He subsequently gained an ScD in Meteorology from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">MIT</a> in 1976.</font></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Professional_activities">Professional activities</span></font></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Shukla is a </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distinguished_University_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished University Professor" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Distinguished University Professor</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">George Mason University</a>, USA, where he founded the Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Earth Sciences and Climate Dynamics PhD Program.</span></font></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">During the 1970s, the "butterfly effect" or "chaos" was the dominant theme of predictability research, and the community was sceptical about the prospects for dynamical seasonal prediction. Shukla's research led to the notion of predictability in the midst of chaos, and the development of a scientific basis for the prediction of climate which derives from the influence of the slow variations of the atmosphere's lower boundary conditions and their interactions with the atmosphere. Recognizing the enormous scientific implications and potential benefits to society from accurate and reliable seasonal forecasts, <b>Shukla took an extraordinary and risky decision to resign from his tenure professorship at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Maryland</a>, and start a nonprofit institute, IGES, in his garage. </b></font></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Work by Shukla and his scientific colleagues has inspired routine dynamical seasonal prediction by numerous weather and climate centres around the world, helping society manage agricultural and economic activities, saving lives and property. Shukla also recognised the importance of land surface processes in climate variability and predictability and therefore established the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA). Recognition of the importance of atmosphere-land interactions in climate dynamics has led to numerous research programs, field experiments, and space-missions. Another important contribution made by Shukla was his proposal in the early 1980s to carry out retrospective analysis of atmospheric observations. COLA scientists conducted the first pilot reanalysis as proof of concept at a time when the community was sceptical about the feasibility of reanalysis. Reanalysis of past data and climate diagnostic studies are now an important component of climate research.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Shukla's scientific contributions include studies of: the dynamics of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">monsoon</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> depressions; the influences of snow, albedo, soil wetness, and surface roughness on climate variability; the influences of sea surface temperature in the Arabian Sea, equatorial Pacific Ocean, and north Pacific Ocean on seasonal variability; the intraseasonal and inter-annual variability of monsoons; the predictability and prediction of monsoons, tropical droughts, and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" title="El Niño" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">El Niño</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and the Southern Oscillation; Amazon </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">deforestation</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">desertification</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">reforestation</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> in Sahel; and the seamless prediction of natural and forced climate variability. He has served as PhD thesis adviser for more than 20 students at </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">MIT</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">University of Maryland</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">George Mason University</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">He has contributed to over 250 scientific papers and book chapters as author or co-author. He was a lead author of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report in 2007, which shared the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Nobel Peace Prize</a> with Vice-President Al Gore. He was appointed by the <b>Governors of Virginia in 2008 and 2014</b> to their respective Climate Commissions.</span></font></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla has worked closely with scientists in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">India</a>, Italy, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Brazil</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Korea</a>. At the behest of the then Prime Minister <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, Shukla helped establish the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centre_for_Medium_Range_Weather_Forecasting" title="National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting</a> (NCMRWF) in New Delhi, India. At the behest of the late Dr. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Abdus Salam</a>, Shukla helped to form a weather and climate research group at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for_Theoretical_Physics" title="International Centre for Theoretical Physics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">International Centre for Theoretical Physics</a> (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy, which provides training to many scientists from developing countries. Shukla and COLA scientists have also helped in the establishment of a new Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Allahabad University</a>, India. He was a member of the inaugural committees for the establishment of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Research_Institute_for_Climate_and_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="International Research Institute for Climate and Society" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">International Research Institute for Climate and Society</a> (IRI) at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Columbia University</a>, and the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Hawaii" title="University of Hawaii" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Hawaii</a>. In collaboration with the Director of ICTP, and the Secretary General of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World Meteorological Organization</a> (WMO), Shukla helped establish the South Asian Climate Outlook Forum which enables South Asian countries to meet before each monsoon season to discuss their monsoon forecasts. At the behest of the then Prime Minister, Dr. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Manmohan Singh</a>, Shukla was appointed to be the Chairman of the International Advisory Panel to advance the weather and climate enterprise of India.</font></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla has been associated with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Climate_Research_Programme" title="World Climate Research Programme" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World Climate Research Programme</a> since its inception. He has been a member or chairman of numerous national and international programs, including the Monsoon Experiment (MONEX), the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRMM" class="mw-redirect" title="TRMM" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">TRMM</a>), the Dynamical Extended-Range Forecasting (DERF) project, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Ocean_Global_Atmosphere_program" title="Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program</a> (TOGA), the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Surface (GOALS) Program, the Climate Variability (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIVAR" title="CLIVAR" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CLIVAR</a>) program, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMWF_re-analysis" title="ECMWF re-analysis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ECMWF re-analysis</a> (ERA) project, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Energy_and_Water_Cycle_Experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment</a> (GEWEX), Continental-scale International Project (GCIP), the Atlantic Climate Change Program (ACCP), the Seasonal-to-Interannual Modeling and Analysis Project (SIMAP), the Austral-Asian Monsoon Working Group (AAMWG), the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Joint Scientific Committee (JSC), the Coordinated Observation and Prediction of the Earth System (COPES) program, and the WCRP Modeling Panel (WMP). He was chairman of the 2008 World Modeling Summit for Climate Prediction, and he has been an advocate for creating multi-national climate modelling and prediction centres.</font></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla was the Founding President of the Institute of Global Environment and Society (IGES) and directed its Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA), which aims to improve understanding of climate variability and predictability on intraseasonal to decadal time scales within a changing climate. In 2013 it was decided to dissolve IGES. In 2015, IGES/COLA staff were hired as GMU employees and COLA continues to thrive as a centre of excellence within GMU.</font></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla has also been involved with several organisations dedicated to social justice, poverty reduction, and rural development. He was a long-time member of the Board of Trustees of the Seghal Foundation, dedicated to rural development in India. He established Gandhi College in his village for education of rural students especially women.</font></font></p><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Awards">Awards</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagadish_Shukla&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Awards" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></font></h3><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2016, Shukla became an Honorary Member of the American Meteorological Society, in recognition of his outstanding achievements in the atmospheric and related sciences. This distinction is considered the highest award of the Society and is "as much of an honor for the Society as it is for the individual."</font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2012, Shukla received the Padma Shri Award from the President of India, a national award honouring high achievement.<sup id="cite_ref-Padma_Awards_2-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_note-Padma_Awards-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2008, Shukla became a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).</font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2007, Shukla received the 52nd <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Meteorological_Organization_Prize" title="International Meteorological Organization Prize" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">International Meteorological Organization (IMO) Prize</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World Meteorological Organization</a>, the highest scientific recognition in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2005, Shukla received the Carl Gustav Rossby Research Medal of the American Meteorological Society, the highest scientific recognition in the United States.</font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2001, Shulka received the Walker Gold Medal of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Meteorological_Society" title="Indian Meteorological Society" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Indian Meteorological Society</a>, the highest scientific recognition in India. * In 1982, Shukla received the Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal of NASA, the highest honour given to a civilian by NASA.</font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1996, Shukla was named a Fellow of the Indian Meteorological Society (AMS), and an Associate Fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the Developing World (TWAS).</font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1982, Shukla received the Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, the highest honour given to a civilian by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">NASA</a>.</font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla has been a member/chairman of numerous national and international panels and committees, including a member of the Virginia Governor's Commission on Climate Change, and the Indian Prime Minister's Council on Climate Change.</font></font></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="RICO_20_Controversy">RICO 20 Controversy</span></font></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On 1 September 2015, Shukla was lead author of a letter from twenty climate scientists to President Obama, Attorney General </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loretta_Lynch" title="Loretta Lynch" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Loretta Lynch</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSTP" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTP" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">OSTP</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Director </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Holdren" title="John Holdren" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">John Holdren</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> calling on government to prosecute skeptics of global warming using RICO laws designed to go after the mob.</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> This letter was cited the following October by Representative </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_S.Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamar S. Smith" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Lamar Smith</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (R–TX) in an announcement of plans to investigate Shukla's IGES.</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Subsequently, the<b> Inspector General of the National Science Foundation completed the investigation of IGES in November 2017 and concluded that there was no evidence to substantiate the allegations,</b> the investigation was closed, and no further action would be taken.</span></font></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jagadish_Shukla&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></font></h2><div class="reflist" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cola.gmu.edu/shukla/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Jagadish Shukla"</a>. <i>Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">6 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Ocean-Land-Atmosphere+Studies+%28COLA%29&rft.atitle=Jagadish+Shukla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcola.gmu.edu%2Fshukla%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJagadish+Shukla" class="Z3988" /></span></font></font></li><li id="cite_note-Padma_Awards-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_ref-Padma_Awards_2-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Padma Awards"</a> <span class="cs1-format" style="">(PDF)</span>. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format" style="">(PDF)</span> on 15 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">21 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Padma+Awards&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Home+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmha.nic.in%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fmha%2Ffiles%2FLST-PDAWD-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJagadish+Shukla" class="Z3988" /></span></font></font></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2008/20080405/world.htm#3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Indian wins UN's top met prize"</a>. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tribune(Chandigarh)" title="The Tribune (Chandigarh)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Tribune</a></i>. 5 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">26 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Indian+wins+UN%27s+top+met+prize&rft.date=2008-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2008%2F20080405%2Fworld.htm%233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJagadish+Shukla" class="Z3988" /></span></font></font></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920110942/http://www.iges.org/letter/LetterPresidentAG.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Letter to President Obama, Attorney General Lynch, and OSTP Director Holdren</a></span></font></font></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Shukla#cite_ref-5" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Warren Cornwall (5 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sciencemag.org/policy/2015/10/turnabout-house-republicans-say-they-ll-investigate-climate-scientist-requesting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Climate scientist requesting federal investigation feels heat from House Republicans"</a>. <i>Science Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">25 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Magazine&rft.atitle=Climate+scientist+requesting+federal+investigation+feels+heat+from+House+Republicans&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft.au=Warren+Cornwall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fpolicy%2F2015%2F10%2Fturnabout-house-republicans-say-they-ll-investigate-climate-scientist-requesting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJagadish+Shukla" class="Z3988" /></span></font></font></li></ol></div></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless|text-top|10px|alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6122342|Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); width: 1358px; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 3px; margin: 1em auto 0px;"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="width: 1350px; 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background: none;">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12378379f" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">cb12378379f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12378379f" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">(data)</a></span></span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000033094905" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">0000 0000 3309 4905</a></span></span></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n93013348" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">n93013348</a></span></span></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NNL10&find_code=SYS&con_lng=eng&request=002266455" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">002266455</a></span></span></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/29614104" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">29614104</a></span></span></li><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/29614104" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">29614104</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: </font></font><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none none; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></font><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1944_births" title="Category:1944 births" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1944 births</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Living people</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Indian_meteorologists" title="Category:Indian meteorologists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Indian meteorologists</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:People_from_Ballia_district" title="Category:People from Ballia district" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">People from Ballia district</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Padma_Shri_in_science%26_engineering" title="Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_earth_scientists" title="Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">20th-century Indian earth scientists</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scientists_from_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Scientists from Uttar Pradesh</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_Maryland,College_Park_faculty" title="Category:University of Maryland, College Park faculty" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Maryland, College Park faculty</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress">http://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress</a></font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">curry piles on</font></div><div><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funding issues</font></strong></p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other articles that I’ve spotted focus on the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> government funding going to IGES, particularly what is being paid to Shukla and members of his family:</span></font></p><ul style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://dailycaller.com/2015/09/21/climate-scientists-asking-obama-to-prosecute-skeptics-gets-millions-from-u-s-taxpayers/" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Climate Scientists Asking Obama to Prosecute Skeptics Got Millions From US Taxpayers</font></a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.examiner.com/article/silence-of-the-scientists-how-the-global-warming-rico-letter-backfired" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Silence of the scientists: how the global warming RICO letter backfired</font></a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/09/22/lead-climate-scientist-behind-obamarico-letter-serious-questions-answer/" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The lead scientist behind the Obama RICO letter has some serious questions to answer</font></a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://quadrant.org.au/opinion/qed/2015/09/warmists-golden-fleece/" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Warmists’ golden fleece</font></a></li></ul><p style="font-style: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">From the </span><b>Examiner </b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">article:</span></font></p><p style="font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">"What is not criminal is having an opposing scientific opinion. What is not criminal is pursuing the science and extending the debate on climate. To call such science as criminal without a crime having been committed is a political witch hunt without a broomstick to stand on."</font></span></p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This topic is receiving much discussion in academic circles – astonishment at the amount of government funding Shukla has been pulling in and the large double salary he is paying himself.  Based on conflict of interest guidelines at Georgia Tech and University of Colorado, there is no way that I can see that this would have been legal/allowed.  I know of several people investigating this issue informally; I assume someone will pick up this investigation in a more formal way.</font></p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All this makes Willie Soon’s $1.2 M  over 10+ years from energy companies, all of which went to the Harvard Smithsonian, look virtuous (not to mention paltry).</font></p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><strong style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BREAKING:  </strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Steve McIntyre </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">has a thorough expose </span><a href="http://climateaudit.org/2015/09/28/shuklas-gold/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shukla’s Gold</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.  Must read.</span></font></p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JC reflections</font></strong></p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 23.8px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></strong></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><h3 dir="ltr" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A History of Inquiries</font></strong></h3><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-082831c3-4295-7647-d5a1-b53c2a828dbc"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Smith's investigation is just the latest in a long line of probes into climate scientists by conservative politicians. In 2005, Republican Rep. Joe Barton of Texas, who was then Chair of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, examined the work of climate scientists Michael Mann of Penn State and Ray Bradley of the University of Massachusetts.</span> Over the last decade, the scientific community has had to field an increasing number of public records requests from conservative groups looking to cast doubt on their research.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Overall, scientists whose work is policy relevant are certainly under more scrutiny than ever before through a variety of means, from subpoenas to open records requests, and need to be prepared to respond to that scrutiny," said Halpern. Such investigations, he said, "can send the wrong message to researchers about how valuable their expertise is to society. We need scientists to engage in public conversations on science-based issues, no matter how contentious the topic." </font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-082831c3-4295-7647-d5a1-b53c2a828dbc"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The biggest difference between Smith's investigation today and the one Mann and Bradley faced in 2005, Mann said, is that "back then, there were a number of moderate pro-science, pro-environment Republicans who came to my defense. Chief among them was Sherwood Boehlert—an old-school Republican from upstate New York."</b></font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Unfortunately, we no longer have moderate republicans like Boehlert chairing the House science committee," said Mann.</font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-082831c3-4295-7647-d5a1-b53c2a828dbc"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Shukla</b> and his colleagues' letter was sent three weeks before an eight-month investigation by InsideClimate News showed that ExxonMobil's own research confirmed fossil fuels' role in climate change in the 1970s and 1980s. The company then spent the next two decades funding a campaign to derail climate regulations and question climate science.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-082831c3-4295-7647-d5a1-b53c2a828dbc" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">"If corporations in the fossil fuel industry and their supporters are guilty of the misdeeds that have been documented in books and journal articles, it is imperative that these misdeeds be stopped as soon as possible," Shulka and the other climate scientists wrote in the letter.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="docs-internal-guid-082831c3-4295-7647-d5a1-b53c2a828dbc">Holdren wrote back to the researchers that "the [Obama] administration shares the concern expressed in the letter about the seriousness of the threat posed by climate change," according to </span>ScienceInsider.</font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="docs-internal-guid-082831c3-4295-7647-d5a1-b53c2a828dbc">ScienceInsider</span> also reported that Shulka is not the only signatory of the letter facing backlash. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Attorney <b>Christopher Horner,</b> a senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a Washington, D.C.-based libertarian think tank, filed a public records request with several of the signatories' universities for emails contained the words "RICO, racketeer, racketeering, DOJ, prosecute or prosecution."</span></font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="docs-internal-guid-082831c3-4295-7647-d5a1-b53c2a828dbc">"If they believe this is part of their job, we will not dispute that, but instead would like to see how the institutions were used in this innovative application of public education resources," Horner told </span>ScienceInsider.</font></p></div><div><p><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></b></p><p><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">10/15</font></b></p><p><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This week, </span><span style="font-weight: 700; line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CSLDF filed a legal brief as amicus curiae</span><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, or “friend of the court,” urging the Arizona Court of Appeals to protect two University of Arizona climate scientists from massive and harassing open records requests.</span><br style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><br style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As described in our </span><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://climatesciencedefensefund.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=7e8df4de84&e=15e3916d62" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 22.5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">brief</a><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, a group is claiming that state open records laws entitle it to virtually unfettered access to public university climate scientists’ emails.  These hugely invasive open records requests are a key element of a campaign to harass and intimidate scientists and are part of a broader strategy of attacking individual scientists to try to discredit theories or even entire fields of study.  </span><span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446398101955_3902" style="font-weight: 700; line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span id="yui_3_16_0_1_1446398101955_3901">We have urged the Court to protect scientists’ correspondence against such invasions</span></span><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">  Please read more about our brief and the case </span><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://climatesciencedefensefund.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=4c0f2ab407&e=15e3916d62" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 22.5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">here</a><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><br style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><br style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition, this month Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX) launched an investigation against climate scientist Dr. Jagadish Shukla for engaging in “partisan political activity."  Dr. </span><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><b>Shukla</b></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="line-height: 22.5px;"> wrote a letter to President Obama, supporting a </span><em style="line-height: 22.5px;">Washington Post</em><span style="line-height: 22.5px;"> op-ed that proposed an inquiry of some corporate opponents to climate action.  Rep. Smith, who has criticized the very notion of man-made climate change (and who has been </span><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://climatesciencedefensefund.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=9ed692a787&e=15e3916d62" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 22.5px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">well-supported by the oil and gas industries</a><span style="line-height: 22.5px;">), seems to believe Dr. Shukla was thus guilty of “</span><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://climatesciencedefensefund.us4.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=463862ba6e&e=15e3916d62" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 22.5px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">unwelcome politics</a><span style="line-height: 22.5px;">” worthy of a Congressional investigation</span></span><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.  </span><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://climatesciencedefensefund.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=940e322f64&e=15e3916d62" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 22.5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-weight: 700;">CSLDF has been working to help defend Dr. Shukla</span></a><span style="line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, including arranging attorney assistance to help him navigate what appears to be a clearly ideologically-motived Congressional probe. </span></font></p><p><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></b></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Climate Scientist Faces Backlash for Urging Investigation of Fossil Fuel Companies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Jagadish Shukla will be questioned by a Congressional committee after he and other scientists called for a racketeering probe of deliberate climate denial.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A? climate scientist who was the lead signatory on a letter urging President Obama to launch a federal investigation into whether fossil fuel companies "knowingly deceived the American people about the risks of climate change" is now facing an investigation by Congress because of his part in the letter.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Jagadish Shukla, a climate scientist at George Mason University in Virginia, </b>received notice Oct. 1 that the non-profit research organization he runs, the Institute of Global Environment and Society (IGES), will soon be investigated by the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology for suspected misuse of federal funding.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Republican Rep. Lamar Smith of Texas, who chairs the House committee, requested that Shukla and IGES "preserve all e-mail, electronic documents, and data (‘electronic records’) created since January 1, 2009," according to the notice.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The investigation stems from Shukla's involvement in the letter to President Obama, Attorney General Loretta Lynch and White House science advisor John Holdren on Sept. 1. The letter's 20 signees—climate scientists from Columbia University, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Maryland and other institutions—asked the administration to explore whether energy companies could be prosecuted under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) of 1970 for purposefully casting doubt on the scientific evidence for climate change. Federal prosecutors used the RICO Act in the 1990s and 2000s to sue tobacco companies for covering up the health impacts of smoking. ScienceInsider first reported Smith's investigation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla's research organization, IGES, posted a copy of the RICO letter to its website—a move that Smith told Shukla "raises serious concerns" over a taxpayer-funded scientific group "participating in partisan political activity." The research center has received funds from the National Science Foundation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NASA.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Promoting a lobbying effort and publicizing that effort on a website is not an appropriate use of federal research funds," an aide for the House Science, Space and Technology Committee told<b> InsideClimate</b> News.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"Additional questions have been raised regarding the fiscal management of federal grant dollars received by IGES and the transfer of IGES to George Mason University," the aide said. The committee will be looking into the salaries of Shukla and his wife Anastasia, who works as the organization's business manager.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"I signed this letter as a private citizen on personal time, urging action on climate change, and I have been shocked by the reaction," Shukla told InsideClimate News. "Any allegations of inappropriate behavior are untrue."</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">IGES said the letter was posted on its website inadvertently. It has since been removed.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"IGES's recent decision to remove documents from its website raises concerns that additional information vital to the Committee's investigation may not be preserved," Smith wrote. Smith informed Shukla he and his colleagues had until Oct. 8 to inform the House Committee on how IGES would comply with the request.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The House Science Committee isn’t going after Dr. Shukla and his colleagues for their scientific work, but for their opinions as private citizens," said <b>Michael Halpern, program manager of the Center for Science and Democracy at the Union of Concerned Scientists. "</b>Scientists have the same right as anyone to engage in the political process and express their beliefs without fear of being hauled before Congress for their views." </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A History of Inquiries</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Smith's investigation is just the latest in a long line of probes into climate scientists by conservative politicians. In 2005, Republican Rep. Joe Barton of Texas, who was then Chair of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, examined the work of <b>climate scientists Michael Mann of Penn State and Ray Bradley</b> of the University of Massachusetts. Over the last decade, the scientific community has had to field an increasing number of public records requests from conservative groups looking to cast doubt on their research.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Overall, scientists whose work is policy relevant are certainly under more scrutiny than ever before through a variety of means, from subpoenas to open records requests, and need to be prepared to respond to that scrutiny," said Halpern. Such investigations, he said, "can send the wrong message to researchers about how valuable their expertise is to society. We need scientists to engage in public conversations on science-based issues, no matter how contentious the topic." </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The biggest difference between Smith's investigation today and the one Mann and Bradley faced in 2005, Mann said, is that "back then, there were a number of moderate pro-science, pro-environment Republicans who came to my defense. Chief among them was Sherwood Boehlert—an old-school Republican from upstate New York."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"Unfortunately, we no longer have moderate republicans like Boehlert chairing the House science committee," said Mann.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Shukla and his colleagues' letter was sent three weeks before an eight-month investigation by InsideClimate News showed that ExxonMobil's own research confirmed fossil fuels' role in climate change in the 1970s and 1980s. The company then spent the next two decades funding a campaign to derail climate regulations and question climate science.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"If corporations in the fossil fuel industry and their supporters are guilty of the misdeeds that have been documented in books and journal articles, it is imperative that these misdeeds be stopped as soon as possible," Shulka and the other climate scientists wrote in the letter.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Holdren wrote back to the researchers that "the [Obama] administration shares the concern expressed in the letter about the seriousness of the threat posed by climate change," according to ScienceInsider.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ScienceInsider also reported that Shulka is not the only signatory of the letter facing backlash. Attorney Christopher <b>Horner, </b>a senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a Washington, D.C.-based libertarian think tank, filed a public records request with several of the signatories' universities for emails contained the words "RICO, racketeer, racketeering, DOJ, prosecute or prosecution."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"If they believe this is part of their job, we will not dispute that, but instead would like to see how the institutions were used in this innovative application of public education resources," Horner told ScienceInsider.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See Also:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After Boehner, Could the House Get Even Less Climate Friendly?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'Pollute at Will' Bill Enjoys Widespread Support From House Republicans</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Journal Corrects Fracking Study Over Undisclosed Industry Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">sci mag 2015</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">C<span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">limate scientist requesting federal investigation feels heat from House Republicans</span></font></b></div><header class="articleheader articleheader--inline" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 699px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="byline byline--article" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; width: 699px; font-weight: 700;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/author/warren-cornwall" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Warren Cornwall</a><time style="box-sizing: inherit; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: 400; border-left: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); margin-left: 7.5px; padding-left: 7.5px;">Oct. 5, 2015 , 3:30 PM</time></font></p></header><div class="article__body" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 699px; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230); margin-top: 30px; padding-top: 30px;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A scientist who helped organize a call for a federal investigation of the fossil fuel industry—for allegedly orchestrating a cover-up of climate change dangers—has himself become the target of a congressional probe.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Last week, Representative Lamar Smith (R–TX), the chairman of the science panel of the House of Representatives, <a href="https://science.house.gov/news/press-releases/smith-taxpayer-funded-climate-org-allegedly-seeks-criminal-penalties-skeptics" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700;">announced plans</a> to investigate a nonprofit research group led by climate scientist Jagadish Shukla of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. He is the lead signer of a letter to White House officials that urges the use of an antiracketeering law to crack down on energy firms that have funded efforts to raise doubts about climate science.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a <a href="https://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/10-1-15%20CLS%20to%20Shukla.pdf" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700;">1 October letter</a>, Smith asked Shukla, who is director of the independent <a href="http://www.iges.org/" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700;">Institute of Global Environment and Society (IGES)</a> in Rockville, Maryland, to preserve all of the “email, electronic documents, and data” that the institute has created since 2009. Smith’s panel soon may be asking for those documents, the letter suggests.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;" /><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.538em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The flap has its origins in calls from some climate advocates for the federal government to investigate industry-funded groups that have challenged climate science.  </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D–RI) discussed the idea this past May in an </span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-fossil-fuel-industrys-campaign-to-mislead-the-american-people/2015/05/29/04a2c448-0574-11e5-8bda-c7b4e9a8f7ac_story.html" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.538em;">opinion piece</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.538em;"> for </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.538em;">The Washington Post</em></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.538em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He noted that federal prosecutors had used the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO)—originally developed to combat organized crime and corrupt unions—to sue the tobacco industry for covering up the health effects of smoking. And he suggested they could do the same to investigate fossil fuel firms that he charged were “funding a massive and sophisticated campaign to mislead the American people about the environmental harm caused by carbon pollution.”</span></span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Last month, 20 climate scientists, led by Shukla, picked up on the idea of using RICO. In a <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20150920110942/http:/www.iges.org/letter/LetterPresidentAG.pdf" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700;">1 September letter</a> to President Barack Obama, Attorney General Loretta Lynch, and White House science adviser John Holdren, they wrote that “if corporations in the fossil fuel industry and their supporters are guilty of the misdeeds that have been documented in book and journal articles, it is imperative that these misdeeds be stopped as soon as possible.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Other signers of the RICO letter include climate researchers from George Mason as well as the University of Washington, Seattle; Rutgers University in New Jersey; the University of Maryland, College Park; and Columbia University.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla, a professor at George Mason, is an expert in the seasonal variability of climate, as well as how land surfaces influence climate. He helped found IGES, which has housed research projects funded with grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and NASA, according to the group’s website.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The RICO letter was “inadvertently” posted on the IGES website, </span><a href="http://www.iges.org/letter/LetterPresidentAG.pdf" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700;">according to a statement posted on the institute’s domain</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (which also notes that “[a]ll projects by IGES  were  completed  in  July  2015,  and  the  IGES  web  site  is  in  the process  of  being  decommissioned”).  The letter eventually came to the attention of outsiders, including science policy specialist</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Roger Pielke, Jr.,</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> of the University of Colorado, Boulder. Pielke, an active voice in debates over climate science and policy, called attention to the letter on Twitter, and also raised questions about IGES’s finances. Soon, journalists, including several associated with conservative news outlets, were writing about the letter and IGES.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The<b style=""> Daily Caller, </b>for example, noted that “climate scientists asking Obama to prosecute skeptics got millions from U.S. taxpayers,” <a href="http://dailycaller.com/2015/09/21/climate-scientists-asking-obama-to-prosecute-skeptics-gets-millions-from-u-s-taxpayers/" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700;">in a 21 September story</a>.</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Smith cites that story and others in his letter, </b>which notes that “IGES appears to be almost fully funded by taxpayer money while simultaneously participating in partisan political activity by requesting a RICO investigation of companies and organizations that disagree with the Obama administration on climate change.” Smith notes his letter was prompted, in part, by the removal of the RICO letter from IGES’s website. Smith gives Shukla until 8 October to confirm that he is conforming to the letter’s request, as well as provide his committee with a list of IGES’s current and former employees</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shukla could not be reached for an interview, but in an email to <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Science</em>Insider expressed surprise at the storm the RICO letter has caused. “We can not believe the viciousness of attacks because we signed a letter as our civic duty with the ultimate goal of repairing our planet,” he wrote.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It’s not clear what exactly Smith’s committee will be investigating. A committee spokeswoman, Laura Crist, declined to say whether the panel was looking at whether public funds were misused for political purposes, or whether IGES might have violated its nonprofit status with political activity. [OMFG vs c4's?!]</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The committee’s </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ranking Democrat, Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson (D–TX), said in a statement to <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Science</em>Insider that, “since the letter contains no specific allegations, I am puzzled as to the Chairman’s intent in writing it</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. To be clear about my own position, I would resist any attempt to stifle the <b>constitutionally protected right of any citizen, including the nation’s scientists, to engage in free speech</b> without interference.”</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b style="">The RICO letter has also drawn the attention of Christopher Horner,</b> an attorney and senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a Washington, D.C.–based libertarian think tank that has criticized climate change research. Horner recently filed public records requests with several public universities that employ authors of the RICO letter. In a letter to the University of Texas, Austin, Horner asks for any emails over a roughly 4-month period from or to Robert Dickinson, one of the letter’s signers, containing the words “‘RICO’, racketeer, racketeering, DOJ, prosecute or prosecution.”</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Horner has previously tangled with scientists over records requests for their emails. He was at the center of an unsuccessful effort several years ago to obtain the correspondence of climate scientist Michael Mann during his time at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Horner says he filed the requests to see how the scientists, as employees at public universities, were involved. “If they believe this is part of their job, we will not dispute that, but instead would like to see how the institutions were used in this innovative application of public education resources,” he wrote in an email.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Dickinson, a climate modeler who studies how land surfaces interact with climate, says the RICO letter isn’t seeking to squelch individuals who question the science of climate change. His intended target is corporations.</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I heard energy industry scientists talking about global warming 30 years ago. And they disappeared and the lobbyists popped up,” Dickinson says. “I don’t know if anything can be done. But it seemed to me that there's been an obvious cover-up.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Department of Justice did not respond to a request for comment. The RICO letter scientists did get a </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">letter back from Holdren, who wrote that although such legal matters were up to the Justice Department, “the Administration shares the concern expressed in the letter about the seriousness of the threat posed by climate change.”</span></font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAQQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFSgAMAF6BAgEEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://www.foxnews.com/science/climate-spin-behind-the-scenes-emails-show-profs-evading-questions" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.foxnews.com/science/climate-spin-behind-the-scenes-emails-show-profs-evading-questions&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjABegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4" /></a><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><a href="https://www.foxnews.com/science/climate-spin-behind-the-scenes-emails-show-profs-evading-questions" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.foxnews.com/science/climate-spin-behind-the-scenes-emails-show-profs-evading-questions&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjABegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4" /></a></font></font></font></font><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><a href="https://www.foxnews.com/science/climate-spin-behind-the-scenes-emails-show-profs-evading-questions" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.foxnews.com/science/climate-spin-behind-the-scenes-emails-show-profs-evading-questions&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjABegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4">Climate spin: Behind-the-scenes emails show profs evading questions ...</font></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></h3><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.foxnews.com › science › climate-spin-behind-the-scenes-emails-...</cite></font></font></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Jun 1, 2016 - </span>Jagadish <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla</span>, Professor, Atmospheric Oceanic Earth Sciences, George ... of <span style="font-weight: bold;">global warming</span> using <span style="font-weight: bold;">RICO</span> laws designed to go after the mob.</font></span></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFSgAMAJ6BAgBEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/05/13/breaking-cei-defeats-rico-20-ringleader-shukla-in-foia-lawsuit-emails-to-be-made-public/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjACegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">BREAKING: CEI Defeats RICO-20 Ringleader Shukla In FOIA Lawsuit ...</a></font></div></h3>
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Yah, Maibach, #2 on the <span style="font-weight: bold;">RICO</span> letter after <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla</span>, propagandizing ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAUQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFSgAMAR6BAgFEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://wattsupwiththat.com/2016/03/25/climate-scientist-shukla-investigation-deepens/+shukla+climate+science+rico&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQHzADegQIAxAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAEegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; 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text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAEegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAEegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Climate Change RICO Letter: George Mason University Professors ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></h3><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.nationalreview.com › corner › climate-change-rico-letter-geor...</cite></font></font></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=shukla+climate+science+rico&oq=shukla+climate+science+rico&aqs=chrome..69i57.10584j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b4" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQ7B0wBHoECAUQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; 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z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:EC2YThdCsnIJ:https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:EC2YThdCsnIJ:https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/%2B%26cd%3D5%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAEegQIBRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:EC2YThdCsnIJ:https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:EC2YThdCsnIJ:https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/%2B%26cd%3D5%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAEegQIBRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">May 13, 2016 - </span>Emails between Pro-<span style="font-weight: bold;">RICO Climate Scientists</span> Made Public ... Last fall, I wrote about Jagadish <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla</span>, professor of climate dynamics at George ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAIQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFSgAMAV6BAgCEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:EC2YThdCsnIJ:https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:EC2YThdCsnIJ:https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/climate-change-rico-letter-george-mason-university-professors-emails/%2B%26cd%3D5%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAEegQIBRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAFegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAFegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; 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text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAFegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Climate Scientist Faces Backlash for Urging Investigation of Fossil ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></h3><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Oct 7, 2015 - </span>Jagadish <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla</span>, a <span style="font-weight: bold;">climate scientist</span> at George Mason University in Virginia, ... <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla's</span> research organization, IGES, posted a copy of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">RICO</span> ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://insideclimatenews.org/news/07102015/climate-scientist-shukla-backlash-RICO-investigation-fossil-fuel-companies-lamar-smith-congress+shukla+climate+science+rico&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQHzAFegQIAhAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAGegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></font></font></font></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAGegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAGegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAGegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAGegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">With Each New Batch of FOIA'd Emails, More Insight into Collusion ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></h3><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.energyindepth.org › with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-mo...</cite></font></font></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=shukla+climate+science+rico&oq=shukla+climate+science+rico&aqs=chrome..69i57.10584j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b6" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQ7B0wBnoECAkQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQqR8wBnoECAkQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:IuBbm2FpOV8J:https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:IuBbm2FpOV8J:https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/%2B%26cd%3D7%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAGegQICRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:IuBbm2FpOV8J:https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:IuBbm2FpOV8J:https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/%2B%26cd%3D7%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAGegQICRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:IuBbm2FpOV8J:https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:IuBbm2FpOV8J:https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/%2B%26cd%3D7%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAGegQICRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Jun 2, 2016 - </span>... to use <span style="font-weight: bold;">RICO</span> laws to prosecute dissenting voices on <span style="font-weight: bold;">climate change</span>. ... September 29, 2015 comes from <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla</span> to Michael Mann, a climate ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAgQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFSgAMAd6BAgIEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:IuBbm2FpOV8J:https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:IuBbm2FpOV8J:https://www.energyindepth.org/with-each-new-batch-of-foiad-emails-more-insight-into-collusion-behind-rico-climate-effort/%2B%26cd%3D7%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAGegQICRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/03/02/house-probe-reveals-audit-detailing-climate-change-researchers-double-dipping-with-taxpayer-funds/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/03/02/house-probe-reveals-audit-detailing-climate-change-researchers-double-dipping-with-taxpayer-funds/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAHegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/03/02/house-probe-reveals-audit-detailing-climate-change-researchers-double-dipping-with-taxpayer-funds/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/03/02/house-probe-reveals-audit-detailing-climate-change-researchers-double-dipping-with-taxpayer-funds/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAHegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; 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text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/03/02/house-probe-reveals-audit-detailing-climate-change-researchers-double-dipping-with-taxpayer-funds/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/03/02/house-probe-reveals-audit-detailing-climate-change-researchers-double-dipping-with-taxpayer-funds/&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAHegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Audit Details Misuse of Taxpayer Funds by Climate Researcher</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></h3><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.dailysignal.com › 2016/03/02 › house-probe-reveals-audit-det...</cite></font></font></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=shukla+climate+science+rico&oq=shukla+climate+science+rico&aqs=chrome..69i57.10584j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b7" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQ7B0wB3oECAgQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Mar 2, 2016 - </span>Some who hold that man-made <span style="font-weight: bold;">climate change</span> is not established scientific fact say <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla's</span> “<span style="font-weight: bold;">RICO</span> 20” letter essentially calls for the federal ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAcQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFSgAMAh6BAgHEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6KBblZXIdNkJ:https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/03/02/house-probe-reveals-audit-detailing-climate-change-researchers-double-dipping-with-taxpayer-funds/+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:6KBblZXIdNkJ:https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/03/02/house-probe-reveals-audit-detailing-climate-change-researchers-double-dipping-with-taxpayer-funds/%2B%26cd%3D8%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAHegQICBAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAIegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAIegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer; 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text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAIegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Climate scientist requesting federal investigation feels heat from ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></h3><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.sciencemag.org › news › 2015/10 › climate-scientist-requestin...</cite></font></font></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=shukla+climate+science+rico&oq=shukla+climate+science+rico&aqs=chrome..69i57.10584j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b8" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQ7B0wCHoECAcQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; 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z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BFTLseUw7YoJ:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans+&cd=9&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:BFTLseUw7YoJ:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans%2B%26cd%3D9%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAIegQIBxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BFTLseUw7YoJ:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans+&cd=9&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:BFTLseUw7YoJ:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans%2B%26cd%3D9%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAIegQIBxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" color="#000000" /></font></font></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BFTLseUw7YoJ:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans+&cd=9&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:BFTLseUw7YoJ:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/climate-scientist-requesting-federal-investigation-feels-heat-house-republicans%2B%26cd%3D9%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQIDAIegQIBxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Oct 5, 2015 - </span>Last month, 20 <span style="font-weight: bold;">climate scientists</span>, led by <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla</span>, picked up on the idea of using <span style="font-weight: bold;">RICO</span>. In a 1 September letter to President Barack Obama, ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAAQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFSgAMAl6BAgAEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-climate-change-1-1456886481" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-climate-change-1-1456886481&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAJegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-climate-change-1-1456886481" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-climate-change-1-1456886481&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAJegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-climate-change-1-1456886481" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-climate-change-1-1456886481&ved=2ahUKEwjQ3aquzaHkAhVR-qwKHZ_IDZwQFjAJegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The Climate Change 1% - WSJ</font></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></h3><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.wsj.com › Opinion › Review & Outlook</cite></font></font></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Mar 2, 2016 - </span>The well-paid professor who wanted to punish <span style="font-weight: bold;">climate</span> skeptics, the Wall ... wanted the government to use the <span style="font-weight: bold;">RICO</span> law created to prosecute mobsters as ... Mason University Professor Jagadish <span style="font-weight: bold;">Shukla</span> has been running with ...</font></span></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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