Union of Concerned Scientists U C S

UCS and greenpeace key in exposing FF $  to skeptics

have they come to defense re suppression?
UCS2 918 capt

nice to get a big win. A circuit court just ordered the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to stop delaying and implement the Chemical Disaster Rule, which will help prevent chemical disasters around the country.=<a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/sugar-industry-2004899240.html">http://www.ecowatch.com/sugar-industry-2004899240.html</a>...Next year will mark 50 years since the sugar industry initiated and funded a literature review absolving sugar of its association with chronic heart disease, without disclosing the industry's role in the study.What we now know as the Sugar Association began as the Sugar Research Foundation (SRF) in 1943. Researchers Cristin Kearns, Laura Schmidt and Stanton Glantz of the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) combed through hundreds of SRF documents and found <a href="http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2548255" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">evidence</a> that the sugar industry had manipulated the science to exonerate sugar as a dominant cause of heart disease—an action that shifted the direction of scientific research for decades.<div class="share-tab-img share-buttons share-trigger" style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative; overflow: hidden;">img<div class="share-media-panel">One particularly jarring quote they found was from the president Henry Hass's 1954 speech to the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists in which he said, "if the carbohydrate industries were to recapture this 20 percent of the calories in the US diet (the difference between the 40 percent which fat has and the 20 percent which it ought to have) and if sugar maintained its present share of the carbohydrate market, this change would mean an increase in the per capita consumption of sugar more than a third with a tremendous improvement in general health."The sugar industry was interested in increasing sugar consumption by funding science that would urge Americans to decrease calories from saturated fats and hopefully replace them with sugar.The UCSF analysis reveals that SRF employed the following tactics the Union of Concerned Scientists previously identified in <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/center-for-science-and-democracy/sugar-industry-undermines-public-health-policy.html#.V9gQVPkrKHs" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">Added Sugar, Subtracted Science</a> in order to undermine public health policy on sugar. Our work shows that SRF's successor the Sugar Association and its counterpart in the corn syrup industry, the Corn Refiners Association, took pointers from SRF:Attacking the ScienceJust as the Corn Refiners Association planned to "<a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/gretchen-goldman/added-sugar-subtracted-science-a-new-report-and-a-labeling-debate-at-the-fda-564" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">bury the data</a>" when it was inconvenient, when the sugar industry got word that researchers like John Yudkin at Queen Elizabeth College were challenging the maxim that sugar calories were more desirable than fat calories, the SRF's vice president and director of research called on the organization in 1964 to "embark on a major program" to counter the science coming from Yudkin and others representing "negative attitudes toward sugar."This program would include issuing a public opinion poll to find out what messages would resonate with consumers and decision makers, opening up a venue to publicly call out scientists for their undesirable results regarding sugar, and finally, pushing out studies funded by the sugar industry that look at the causes of chronic heart disease....Spreading MisinformationSimilar to the sugar industry's <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/gretchen-goldman/five-things-sugar-interests-get-wrong-about-fda-added-sugars-labeling-576" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">recent misinforming</a> in order to fight labeling policies, as a part of its campaign to increase sugar consumption in the 1960s, it began to fund its own literature review on sugars, fats, and chronic heart disease in an obvious attempt to dispel the rumors that calories from sugar were at least part of the problem. The SRF paid Dr. Mark Hegsted and Dr. Robert McGandy, under the supervision of Harvard University's Fredrick Stare, a total of nearly $50,000 (in 2015 dollars) for their work. And the SRF was heavily involved throughout the review process, urging the scientists to focus on the perils of fat consumption.The SRF vice president and director of research, John Hickson, emphasized in 1965, "Our particular interest had to do with that part of nutrition in which there are claims that carbohydrates in the form of sucrose make an inordinate contribution to the metabolic condition, hitherto ascribed to aberrations called fat metabolism. I will be disappointed if this aspect is drowned out in a cascade of review and general interpretation."The study authors discounted research showing sugar's impact on chronic heart disease in a number of ways, focusing especially on possible bias within individual studies instead of looking at the consensus across studies. The conclusion of the literature review was that there was "no doubt" that the one way to prevent chronic heart disease was through a reduction of dietary cholesterol and replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats. And the SRF was content with these findings, telling the lead authors, "this is quite what we had in mind."Deploying Industry Scientists/Influencing AcademiaJust as the Sugar Association and Corn Refiners Association today <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/addedsugar" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">work with academic scientists</a>to advance their talking points, when the literature review was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1967, the authors did not disclose the funding or close involvement of the SRF in the review. Dr. Fredrick Stare, the founder and chairman of the nutrition department at the Harvard School of Public Health, had an <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2012/10/sugar-industry-lies-campaign?page=3" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">extended history</a> of funding from the sugar and food industry: over 30 papers authored by members of his department were funded by the SRF just between 1952 and 1956. Stare's department at Harvard is a key example of how industry funding can influence academic science, with dangerous consequences for public discourse and public policy.Undermining PolicyThe manipulation of science doesn't happen in a vacuum. Often, it serves to change the conversation and impact policy, as well. Similar to <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/why-the-food-industry-cant-stomach-transparency-on-food-labels" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">today's efforts</a> by the sugar industry to undermine public health policies, in 1986, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Sugars Task Force <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3543257" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">assessed</a> the scientific evidence around sugar, leaning heavily upon the industry's 1976 review, titled <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/472416-scientists-dispel-sugar-fears" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">"Sugar in the Diet of Man."</a> The FDA report said that "no conclusive evidence on sugars demonstrates a hazard to the general public when sugars are consumed at the levels that are now current." The agency's study was influenced by <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/magazine/mag-17Sugar-t.html?r=0" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">industry sponsorship</a>, as the chair of the study later went on to work at the Corn Refiners Association, a trade group that represents the interests of high-fructose corn syrup manufacturers.This agency study, which had clear influence form the sugar and food industry, has been responsible for the determination of <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/new-fda-ruling-doesnt-close-industrys-favorite-food-safety-loophole?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+TheEquationGennaReed+%28The+Equation+%E2%80%93+Genna+Reed%29" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">GRAS status</a> for several added sugars, and has largely set the precedent for the resulting years of <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/gretchen-goldman/added-sugar-subtracted-science-a-new-report-and-a-labeling-debate-at-the-fda-564" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">denial</a> about the health impacts of sugar-laden diets.The Sugar Industry's Role in Today's Chronic Disease EpidemicIt is no wonder that even today, our food policies are only just beginning to adequately address the association between added sugars and chronic disease. The sugar industry has magnificently managed to delay the inevitable knowledge about the dangers of excessive sugar consumption for a half century. And they are still employing this same behavior. Just last month, the American Heart Association released added sugar consumption <a href="http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2016/08/22/CIR.0000000000000439" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">guidelines</a> for children, recommending that children under two consume no added sugars and that all other children consume less than 10 percent of calories from sugars, because "there is minimal room for nutrient-free calories in the habitual diets of very young children." The Sugar Association <a href="https://www.sugar.org/the-sugar-association-response-to-aha-scientific-statement-on-added-sugars-recommendation-for-kids/" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">responded</a> by accusing the American Heart Association of a lack of scientific integrity.Luckily the tide is beginning to turn in spite of the industry's best efforts. <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/pallavi-phartiyal/hard-fought-battle-over-added-sugar-labeling-at-the-fda-public-health-1-food-industry-0" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">FDA's label</a> will soon include added sugars information on food packages. More and more local <a href="http://news.berkeley.edu/2016/08/23/sodadrinking/" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">resolutions</a> are popping up to place <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/berkeley-soda-tax-1992066540.html" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">taxes on sugary beverages</a>. School meal <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/lindsey-haynes-maslow/lessons-from-the-lunchroom-what-do-we-know-about-school-lunch-and-kids-diet-644" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">policies</a> are adding variety and improving the nutritional quality of kids' diets. And exposés like this one are revealing the truth about how the food industry has manipulated science to influence our diets for the worse.Still, the aforementioned research points to some interesting scientific integrity issues that remain today, including the rigor of conflict-of-interest policies at scientific journals and the ethical questions involved with the ability of decision makers to use industry-funded research to shape policies. My colleague, <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/author/gretchen-goldman#.V9g7qfkrKHs" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">Gretchen Goldman</a>, explains more about how we should be dealing with conflicts of interest in science funding <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/gretchen-goldman/the-trouble-with-science-funding" target="blank" style="color: rgb(78, 147, 66); text-decoration: none;">here</a>. We need greater transparency around the sugar industry's role in scientific studies, including funding but also identification of the nature of the relationship between the industry and the science. Independent science should inform policies that protect public health from the adverse impacts of added sugar.Genna Reed is a science and policy analyst in the Center for Science and Democracy at the Union of Concerned Scientists.==</div></div>

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http://www.alternet.org/environment/climate-deception-investigations-gain-momentum-exxonmobil-plays-victim

With several state attorneys general now investigating whether ExxonMobil misled its shareholders and the public about climate change risks, it was more than a little ironic when the company recently cried foul.

“Collaboration, collusion, conspiracy,” <a data-beacon="1}}" href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/04/18/ags-activists-accused-collusion-on-exxon-probe-amid-new-emails.html" target="_hplink">charged</a> ExxonMobil spokesman Alan Jeffers, “pick a word.”

Pick a word? How about nonsense? If anyone could be accused of collusion and conspiracy, it’s ExxonMobil. But more on that later.

What prompted Jeffers’ ludicrous allegation was a meeting that took place on March 29. My colleague Peter Frumhoff, lead climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists, and environmental attorney Matt Pawa briefed a handful of state attorneys general, including New York’s Eric Schneiderman, who launched an investigation of ExxonMobil last November. Later that day, Schneiderman and 16 other attorneys general joined former Vice President Al Gore at a <a data-beacon="2}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/attorneys-exxon-probe_us_56fab959e4b0a372181b113d" target="_hplink">press conference</a> to declare their support for more aggressive government action on climate change. During the event, AGs from the U.S. Virgin Islands and Massachusetts announced that they, too, would initiate investigations of ExxonMobil.

On April 15, Reuters broke the story that Frumhoff and Pawa had met behind closed doors with the state prosecutors before the press conference. The news organization had obtained <a data-beacon="3}}" href="http://eelegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Master-VT-OAG-docs-of-note.pdf" target="_hplink">emails</a> disclosing the meeting through an open records request filed by a group called theEnergy & Environment Legal Institute (E&E Legal).

“The previously unknown level of coordination with outside advisers offered a glimpse behind the scenes in an increasingly pitched battle between Exxon and environmental groups,” Reuters <a data-beacon="4}}" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-exxonmobil-states-idUSKCN0XC2U2" target="_hplink">reported</a>. “Exxon has said it has been unfairly singled out and that climate activists are conspiring to rally public opinion against it.”

Unfortunately, not only did the Reuters story fail to adequately identify E&E Legal, it also mischaracterized what amounted to a routine meeting in an ongoing legal investigation.

Confidentiality is standard operating procedure

Reuters described E&E Legal, a small, three-person nonprofit, as a “free-market think tank with ties to the Competitive Enterprise Institute [CEI], whose website says it opposes U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulation of greenhouse gas emissions.” What it didn’t mention is that E&E Legal — which could hardly be called a think tank — is at least partly <a data-beacon="5}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/elliott-negin/coal-companies-secret-fun_b_9663368.html" target="_hplink">funded</a> by the coal industry and has repeatedly harassed prominent climate scientists, including Katharine Hayhoe and Michael Mann, by filing intrusive open records requests that have tied them up for weeks and wasted hundreds of thousands of public university dollars.

What’s more, the story didn’t explain that the group’s connection with CEI is through CEI staff attorney <a data-beacon="6}}" href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chris-horner" target="hplink">Chris Horner</a>, who handles E&E Legal’s open records filings. CEI has been <a data-beacon="7}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/elliott-negin/unreliable-sources-how-th_b_3273274.html" target="hplink">peddling lies</a> about climate science on behalf of fossil fuel interests for decades, and Horner is associated with other climate science denier groups as well as the coal industry, a relationship that was recently <a data-beacon="8}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/elliott-negin/coal-companies-secret-fun_b_9663368.html" target="_hplink">revealed</a> by coal company bankruptcy filings.

More important, Reuters failed to clarify that the attorneys general were merely doing their jobs. By their very nature, legal investigations can entail gathering information privately from a wide variety of sources.

This is a key point. State attorneys general have the authority to meet with anyone they choose — be it a scientist, an environmental lawyer or a corporate official — in the course of an investigation on a confidential basis. In other words, there was no hint of collusion or conspiracy. Meeting privately with experts is part of the legal discovery process. Moreover, in New York — under the state’s <a data-beacon="9}}" href="http://www.jonesday.com/files/Publication/cc6cfc9e-1517-4707-958d-8ea80d2042c2/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/9be275fc-e882-499c-9045-9a429519ab82/FebMar15%20NYSupplement_MartinActFeature.pdf" target="hplink">Martin Act</a> — the attorney general can initiate a completely confidential investigation of potentially fraudulent practices.

But that didn’t stop <a data-beacon="10}}" href="http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/04/18/ags-activists-accused-collusion-on-exxon-probe-amid-new-emails.html" target="hplink">FoxNews.com</a>, the <a data-beacon="11}}" href="http://dailycaller.com/2016/04/18/new-york-ag-tried-to-cover-up-activist-involvement-in-exxon-probe/" target="hplink">Daily Caller</a>, the <a data-beacon="12}}" href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/ny-atty.-general-sought-to-keep-lawyers-role-in-climate-change-push-secret/article/2588874" target="hplink">Washington Examiner</a> and the <a data-beacon="13}}" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/apr/17/democratic-ags-climate-change-groups-colluded-on-p/" target="hplink">Washington Times</a> — the climate science denial echo chamber — from providing ExxonMobil and E&E Legal a platform to make bogus charges about “collusion” and “conspiracy” in subsequent stories.

ExxonMobil’s disinformation network

Schneiderman’s investigation, and one launched in January by California’s attorney general, followed the release of documents by the <a data-beacon="14}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/elliott-negin/internal-documents-show-f_b_7749988.html" target="hplink">Union of Concerned Scientists</a> and reporters at <a data-beacon="15}}" href="http://insideclimatenews.org/content/Exxon-The-Road-Not-Taken" target="hplink">InsideClimate News</a> and <a data-beacon="16}}" href="http://www.journalism.columbia.edu/page/1184-the-energy-and-environment-reporting-fellowship/8" target="_hplink">Columbia Journalism School</a> revealing that Exxon scientists conducted cutting-edge climate research decades ago and warned top management of the potentially catastrophic risks posed by global warming. Schneiderman’s staff is now reviewing the company’s statements to investors regarding those risks to see if they contradicted what it was hearing from its own scientists.

The New York AGs office also is taking a close look at ExxonMobil’s support for a network of think tanks and advocacy groups that has been spreading disinformation about climate science for nearly 20 years. Here is where questions about “collusion” and “conspiracy” come into play.

That network was exposed back in 2007 when UCS <a data-beacon="17}}" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/fight-misinformation/exxonmobil-report-smoke.html#.Vx1-0Bi9at8" target="hplink">documented</a> that ExxonMobil had spent at least $16 million between 1998 and 2005 on more than 40 climate science denier groups. The group that got the most money? CEI, which received more than $2 million. Despite the fact that it had no scientists on its staff, CEI established itself as the go-to group to provide “the other side” of a manufactured scientific debate. It is perhaps best remembered for reassuring Americans that global warming is nothing to worry about in a <a data-beacon="18}}" href="http://globalwarmingwatch.blogspot.com/2006/05/carbon-dioxide-spot-they-call-it-ad-we.html" target="hplink">TV commercial</a> extolling the virtues of carbon dioxide. The spot’s unforgettable tagline: “They call it pollution. We call it life.”

ExxonMobil publicly ended its direct support for CEI in 2005, but the company <a data-beacon="19}}" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/elliott-negin/exxonmobil-is-still-spend_b_7810880.html" target="hplink">continues to spend</a> millions of dollars annually on denier groups and congressional climate science denier political campaigns. CEI, meanwhile, may have lost ExxonMobil as a benefactor, but according to the most recent available tax records, it is still <a data-beacon="20}}" href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/competitive-enterprise-institute/?order_by=year+DESC" target="hplink">receiving money</a> from billionaire industrialist Charles Koch, co-owner of the coal, oil and gas conglomerate Koch Industries.

In any case, it is difficult to determine just where CEI gets its <a data-beacon="21}}" href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/competitive-enterprise-institute/?order_by=year+DESC" target="hplink">funding</a> these days. Much of it comes from a secretive, pass-through foundation called Donors Trust and its affiliate Donors Capital Fund. Since 2002, the intertwined funds have laundered more than <a data-beacon="22}}" href="http://conservativetransparency.org/org/donorstrust-donors-capital-fund/" target="hplink">$457 million</a> from anonymous corporations, foundations and individuals and distributed that money to hundreds of anti-regulation groups, including the American Enterprise Institute, the Heartland Institute, and of course, CEI.

The First Amendment doesn’t protect fraud

As one of ExxonMobil’s top climate science denier grantees, CEI now finds itself in the hot seat. U.S. Virgin Islands Attorney General Claude Walker not only launched an investigation of ExxonMobil for defrauding investors and the general public, he also subpoenaed communications between ExxonMobil and many of its denier network groups. He specifically asked CEI for all its climate change and energy policy materials, as well as its donor lists, over a 10-year period beginning in 1997.

CEI has filed to quash the subpoena and pushed back in an April 23 <a data-beacon="23}}" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/an-environmental-campaign-that-punishes-free-speech/2016/04/22/e2eafd88-07bc-11e6-b283-e79d81c63c1b_story.html" target="hplink">op-ed</a> in the Washington Post. CEI president Kent Lassman and his general counsel, Sam Kazman, insisted that their organization and ExxonMobil are being unfairly harassed for exercising their First Amendment rights. A week later, the Wall Street Journal editorial board chimed in, <a data-beacon="24}}" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-climate-police-escalate-1461968775#:Yo8l7Qr3C_wuzA" target="hplink">calling</a> Walker’s subpoena of CEI documents “a form of harassment” and “a dangerous turn for free speech.”

But the real issue is not CEI’s or ExxonMobil’s First Amendment rights. CEI, which has been exercising its right to mislead the public about climate change for quite some time, is being investigated to determine the extent to which it functioned as ExxonMobil’s paid surrogate. ExxonMobil, meanwhile, is being investigated to ascertain if it is guilty of fraud. As Attorney General Schneiderman has <a data-beacon="25}}" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/30/science/new-york-climate-change-inquiry-into-exxon-adds-prosecutors.html" target="_hplink">noted</a>, “The First Amendment, ladies and gentlemen, doesn’t give you the right to commit fraud.”

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jrnlism 7/14

http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/fight-misinformation/cable-news-coverage-climate-change-science.html

fox wrong 72%, worst cable

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rfk2:

UCS rep 2/2004 60 sci, 20 nobels, say scope and scale ... of manip, suppression, and

misrep of sci by bush admin unprecedented 95

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<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists</a>

Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) "is the leading science-based nonprofit working for a healthy environment and a safer world. UCS combines independent scientific research and citizen action to develop innovative, practical solutions and to secure responsible changes in government policy, corporate practices, and consumer choices." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_note-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a>

<dd style=" line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"The Union of Concerned Scientists is celebrating its 40th anniversary this year. Founded in 1969, it was born out of a teach-in organized by a group of scientists and students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to protest the militarization of scientific research and promote science in the public interest." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_note-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a></dd>

</dl>

<h2 style=" color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; background-image: none;">Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>] </div>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#Support_for_a_Moratorium_on_New_Coal_Plants" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1 Support for a Moratorium on New Coal Plants</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#Agriculture_.26_antibiotics" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2 Agriculture & antibiotics</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#Personnel" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3 Personnel</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#Board" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4 Board</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#Board_of_directors" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4.1 Board of directors</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#Board_members" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4.2 Board members</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#Contact" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">5 Contact</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#Articles_.26_sources" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6 Articles & sources</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#SourceWatch_articles" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6.1 SourceWatch articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#References" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6.2 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#UCS_Reports" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6.3 UCS Reports</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#External_resources" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6.4 External resources</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2 style=" color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;">Support for a Moratorium on New Coal Plants</h2>

In a study released in October, 2008, the UCS called for a moratorium on new coal-fired power plants that do not capture their carbon dioxide emissions. The authors of the study wrote that the United States should:

<dd style=" line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"Stop building new coal-fired power plants without CCS. Each new coal plant built without CCS represents a major long-term source of CO2. It is not safe to assume that new coal plants built today without CCS could cost-effectively add it later, because the cost of CCS (considerable even when included in the plant’s original design) would be much higher if added as a retrofit. The federal government should therefore adopt a strong performance standard limiting CO2 emissions from new coal plants, which will prevent the construction of any plant not employing CCS from the outset. Until such a policy is put in place, state regulators should evaluate proposed plants using a projected range of prices those plants would likely have to pay for their CO2 emissions under a capand-trade program." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_note-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></dd>

</dl>

<h2 style=" color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;">Agriculture & antibiotics</h2>

In 2001, the UCS announced that antibiotics in factory farms account for the overwhelming majority of all antibiotic use in the country. Dr. Margaret Mellon, is author of the UCS's report on anti-biotic use in livestock and the director of their food and environment program. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_note-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a> According to Dr. Mellon, her group "did not oppose using antibiotics to treat sick animals, but that it did oppose their use for promoting growth or preventing infections in healthy animals." According her report, U.S. livestock producers use about 24.6 million pounds of antibiotics annually for "nontherapeutic" purposes (growth promotion and disease prevention) as opposed to treatment of disease. The nontherapeutic total includes about 10.3 million pounds in hogs, 10.5 million pounds in poultry and 3.7 million pounds in cattle. By contrast, humans use approximately 3 millions pounds of antibiotics annually in the U.S. Figures from the report showed much higher figures for animals and much smaller figures for humans, than industry generated reports. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_note-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[5]</a> The UCS reports that antibiotics administered to livestock are approximately eight times the amount administered to people for illnesses. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_note-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[6]</a> See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Meat_%26_Dairy_industry" title="Meat & Dairy industry" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Meat & Dairy industry</a>, sections 4 & 5.

<h2 style=" color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;">Personnel</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kevin_Knobloch" title="Kevin Knobloch" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Kevin Knobloch</a> - President</li>

</ul>

<h2 style=" color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;">Board</h2>

<h3 style=" color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background-image: none;">Board of directors</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_J._McCarthy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James J. McCarthy (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">James J. McCarthy</a> (Chair)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Peter_A._Bradford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter A. Bradford (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Peter A. Bradford</a> (Vice-Chair)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Eisner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Eisner (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Thomas Eisner</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_A._Fay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James A. Fay (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">James A. Fay</a> (Board Member Emeritus)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_L._Garwin" title="Richard L. Garwin" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Richard L. Garwin</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Kurt_Gottfried&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Gottfried (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Kurt Gottfried</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Andrew_Gunther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Gunther (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Andrew Gunther</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Heal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Heal (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Geoffrey Heal</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_S._Hoyte" title="James S. Hoyte" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">James S. Hoyte</a> (Treasurer)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Anne_R._Kapuscinski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne R. Kapuscinski (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Anne R. Kapuscinski</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jessica_T._Mathews" title="Jessica T. Mathews" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Jessica T. Mathews</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Edward_L._Miles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward L. Miles (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Edward L. Miles</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mario_J._Molina" title="Mario J. Molina" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mario J. Molina</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Stuart_L._Pimm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart L. Pimm (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Stuart L. Pimm</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Adele_Simmons" title="Adele Simmons" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Adele Simmons</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Nancy_Stephens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy Stephens (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Nancy Stephens</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Louis_Salkind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Salkind (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Louis Salkind</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_H._Stone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas H. Stone (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Thomas H. Stone</a> (Secretary)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ellyn_R._Weiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellyn R. Weiss (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ellyn R. Weiss</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style=" color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background-image: none;">Board members</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Kurt_Gottfried&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Gottfried (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Kurt Gottfried</a> (Chair)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Andrew_Gunther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Gunther (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Andrew Gunther</a> (representative of the National Advisory Board)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Geoffrey_M._Heal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey M. Heal (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Geoffrey M. Heal</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_J._McCarthy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James J. McCarthy (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">James J. McCarthy</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_H._Stone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas H. Stone (page does not exist)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Thomas H. Stone</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style=" color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;">Contact</h2>

2 Brattle Square

Cambridge, MA 02238

Phone: 617-547-5552

Fax: 617-864-9405

Web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">http://www.ucsusa.org</a>

<h2 style=" color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;">Articles & sources</h2>

<h3 style=" color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background-image: none;">SourceWatch articles</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Citizen_groups_working_on_coal_issues" title="Citizen groups working on coal issues" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Citizen groups working on coal issues</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Coal_moratorium" title="Coal moratorium" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Coal moratorium</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Exxon_Mobil" title="Exxon Mobil" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Exxon Mobil</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Francesca_Grifo" title="Francesca Grifo" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Francesca Grifo</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Political_interference_in_scientific_research_(U.S.)" title="Political interference in scientific research (U.S.)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Political interference in scientific research (U.S.)</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Meat_%26_Dairy_industry" title="Meat & Dairy industry" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Meat & Dairy industry</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Henry_W._Kendall" title="Henry W. Kendall" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Henry W. Kendall</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Howard_Ris" title="Howard Ris" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Howard Ris</a> - executive director</li>

</ul>

<h3 style=" color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background-image: none;">References</h3>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_ref-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/ucs/about/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">What We Do</a>, UCS, accessed August 3, 2007.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_ref-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/about/ucs-celebrates-40-years.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">History</a>, Union of Concerned Scientists, accessed September 1, 2009.</li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_ref-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/news/press_release/coal-power-warming-world-0151.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Coal Power in A Warming World," (Executive Summary)</a> Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2008</li>

<li id="cite_note-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_ref-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> Union of Concerned Scientists <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/impacts_industrial_agriculture/hogging-it-estimates-of.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Hogging It!: Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock</a>, Food & Agriculture, January 2001</li>

<li id="cite_note-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_ref-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> Denise Grady <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507E0D7153AF93BA35752C0A9679C8B63" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Scientists See Higher Use Of Antibiotics on Farms</a>, New York Times, January 8, 2001</li>

<li id="cite_note-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_ref-6" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> Brian Colleran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emagazine.com/view/?4266" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Think Before You Eat The Widespread Effects of Factory-Farmed Meat</a>, e-magazine.com, accessed January 2009</li>

<li id="cite_note-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_ref-7" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/about/board.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Directors</a>, Union of Concerned Scientists, accessed September 1, 2009.</li>

<li id="cite_note-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists#cite_ref-8" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/ucs/about/board.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">About UCS</a>, UCS, accessed August 3, 2007.</li>

</ol>

<h3 style=" color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background-image: none;">UCS Reports</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/global_warming/exxon_report.pdf" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAATklEQVR4XmXKQQqAMAwF0X/7XsSz9CSKiyIIFRFcjMmihmiGbB5fqDCaQJ4j46pzYLUWe+cXZ6OVBhTS0srY2Njp/+XxXXZOLu6EUWAOPX1vnwTBe6qQAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Smoke, Mirrors, and Hot Air: How ExxonMobil Uses Big Tobacco's Tactics to Manufacture Uncertainty on Climate Science,"</a> January 2007.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/solutions/big_picture_solutions/federal-science-and-the.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Federal Science and the Public Good"</a>, February 2008. (This is the portal page to the report).</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/case_studies_and_evidence/a-to-z-guide-to-political.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"A to Z Guide to Political Interference in Science"</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style=" color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background-image: none;">External resources</h3>

<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c01.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Coal vs. wind comparison</a>, Union of Concerned Scientists website, accessed February 2008.

</div>

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icn

Leading environmental organizations are pressing the White House not to bow to industry pressure to abandon the government's main method for measuring the future costs of global warming pollution and the benefits of new pollution controls.

At issue is an economic calculation known as the "social cost of carbon," or SCC, which estimates the cost in dollars that society will ultimately pay for the harm caused by each ton of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere.

That price tag helps policymakers decide how much economic sense it makes to impose costly emissions controls.

Oil, gas and other industry groups recently petitioned the White House Office of Management and Budget to prohibit the use of the cost-benefit tool, arguing that it was imprecise and needed additional peer review.

In a filing on Wednesday, the method's defenders countered that while the estimates could be improved over time, they are "an important, if conservative estimate of the costs of climate change and the benefits of reducing carbon pollution."

The SCC estimate has been used in more than 40 regulatory actions, ranging from efficiency standards for appliances to proposed emissions standards for coal-fired power plants.

Similar approaches are used by other governments and international institutions. The cost calculations are based on widely used peer-reviewed climate and economic models.

"Without an SCC estimate, regulators would by default be using a value of zero for the benefits of reducing carbon pollution, implying that carbon pollution has no costs," a joint submission by experts from four organizations said. "That, sadly, is not the case, as evidenced by the large body of research outlining the sobering health, environmental, and economic impacts of rising temperatures, extreme weather, intensifying smog, and other climate impacts."

The document was sent to OMB by the Environmental Defense Fund, the Natural Resources Defense Council, the Union of Concerned Scientists and the Institute for Policy Integrity at the New York University School of Law.

A central estimate used by the Obama administration is that a ton of carbon dioxide carries a price tag to society of about $37. That means it would be worthwhile to spend $37 a ton today to control carbon pollution in order to prevent the damages the emissions would cause in the future....

<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/corporate-climate-company-profiles.html">http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/corporate-climate-company-profiles.html</a>  2012

Profiles are PDFs, each approximately 500 KB. (You can also download <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-climate-appendix-c.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">all 28 profiles as a single document</a>.)

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/aes.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">AES Corporation</a> (AES)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/alcoa.pdf" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Alcoa, Inc.</a> (AA)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/ameren.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Ameren Corporation</a> (AEE)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/applied-materials.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Applied Materials, Inc.</a> (AMAT)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/boeing.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Boeing Company</a> (BA)</li>

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<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/chesapeake-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(235, 107, 12) !important; background: transparent;">Chesapeake Energy Corporation</a>(CHK)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/conoco-phillips.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">ConocoPhillips</a> (COP)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/denbury-resources.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Denbury Resources Inc.</a> (DNR)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/dte-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">DTE Energy Company</a> (DTE)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/exxon-mobil.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Exxon Mobil Corporation</a> (XOM)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/first-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">FirstEnergy Corporation</a> (FE)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/fmc.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">FMC Corporation</a> (FMC)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/general-electric.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">General Electric Company</a> (GE)</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/marathon-oil.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Marathon Oil Company</a> (MRO)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/murphy-oil.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Murphy Oil Corporation </a>(MUR)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/next-era-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">NextEra Energy, Inc.</a> (NEE)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/nrg-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">NRG Energy, Inc.</a> (NRG)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/occidental-petroleum.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Occidental Petroleum Corporation</a> (OXY)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/peabody-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Peabody Energy Corporation</a>(BTU)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/progress-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Progress Energy, Inc.</a> (PGN)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/sempra-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Sempra Energy</a> (SRE)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/tesoro.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">TECO Energy, Inc.</a> (TE)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/tesoro.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Tesoro Corporation</a> (TSO)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/valero-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Valero Energy Corporation</a>(VLO)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/waste-management.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Waste Management, Inc.</a> (WM)</li>

<li style=" margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; background: url(http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/img/bullet.gif) 0px 2px no-repeat;"><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/corporate-profiles/xcel-energy.pdf" target="_blank" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 165); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Xcel Energy, Inc. </a>(XEL)</li>

</ul>

===

miller hit grifo gmo

EPA's New Overseer Of 'Scientific Integrity': The Blind Leading The Blind <p style=" line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> If you needed to hire a person to head the financial integrity division of the Securities and Exchange Commission, how about someone who had held that position in Bernie Madoff’s investment firm? In effect, that’s what EPA has done by choosing Francesca Grifo as its “scientific integrity official.” Grifo previously oversaw the scientific integrity program at the Union of Concerned Scientists – an oxymoron if there ever was one. UCS is well known for exploiting every opportunity to distort science to further its radical, antitechnology agendas. In particular, the organization’s “experts” have been consistent, irresponsible and mendacious critics of genetic engineering and nuclear power, among other technologies; and they have been advocates for the kinds of shifts to “renewable energy” that would send energy costs to consumers and companies into the stratosphere. UCS’ view of genetic engineering applied to agriculture is especially indefensible and hypocritical: “Genetic engineering in agriculture has failed to deliver on many of its promised benefits, and has produced some serious unintended consequences.” The facts argue otherwise. Because of its advantages – higher yields, less spraying of chemical pesticides, and greater food security and an improved bottom line for farmers — genetic engineering has been hugely successful and the most rapidly adopted agricultural technology in history. The major factor preventing the realization of even more of the “promised benefits” is the overregulation and Henry I. Miller Contributor I debunk junk science and flawed public policy.. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. 8/7/2015 EPA's New Overseer Of 'Scientific Integrity': The Blind Leading The Blind Forbes http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2013/12/04/epasnewoverseerofscientificintegritytheblindleadingtheblind/print/ 2/5 <p style=" line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<p style="line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">nuisance lawsuits promoted by UCS and similar groups! UCS’s carping about lackluster progress is reminiscent of the story about the man who kills his parents and then begs the court for mercy because he’s an orphan. Serious unintended consequences of genetic engineering? Please. Even after the cultivation of more than 3 billion acres of genetically engineered crops (by more than 17 million farmers in 28 countries) worldwide and the consumption of more than 3 trillion servings of food that contains genetically engineered ingredients by inhabitants of North America alone, there has not been a single ecosystem disrupted or a single confirmed tummy ache or zit. Grifo’s appointment is especially inopportune at an agency in desperate need of an overhaul of its integrity, scientific and otherwise. Its waste, fraud, and abuse in scientific and regulatory programs are legendary. With a research budget in excess of $800 million, EPA has long appeared to be more concerned with public relations than public or environmental health. A scheme was exposed several years that would have diverted EPA “research” funds to pay outside public relations consultants up to $5 million over five years to improve the website of the Office of Research and Development, conduct focus groups on how to polish the office’s image, and produce ghostwritten articles praising the agency “for publication in scholarly journals and magazines.” This payola scheme is similar to the agency’s longstanding practice of buying influence by doling out hundreds of millions of dollars each year to certain favored nonprofit organizations — money that, according to the inspector general and Government Accountability Office, is dispersed with no public notice, competition, or accountability. The GAO investigators documented systematic malfeasance by regulators, including: (1) making grants to grantees who were unable to fulfill the terms of the grants; (2) favoring an exclusive clique of grantees without opening the grants to competition; (3) funding “environmental” grants for activities that lack any apparent environmental benefit; and (4) failing to ensure that grantees performed the objectives identified in the grants. I saw evidence of this while I was an official at the FDA. For some reason I was favored with periodic reports of the research funded by the EPA. The overwhelming majority of it was shoddy, irrelevant, and unpublishable. It is understandable that EPA needs to resort to such chicanery to whitewash its shortcomings. Science is routinely regarded there as a tool to further its antitechnology and antiindustry agendas, even if it means torturing the intent of statutes and affronting common sense. 8/7/2015 EPA's New Overseer Of 'Scientific Integrity': The Blind Leading The Blind Forbes<p style=" line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2013/12/04/epasnewoverseerofscientificintegritytheblindleadingtheblind/print/ 3/5 <p style=" line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<p style=" line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The EPA is the prototype of agencies that spend more and more to address smaller and smaller risks. In one analysis by the Office of Management and Budget, of the 30 least costeffective regulations throughout the government, the EPA had imposed no fewer than 17. For example, the agency’s restrictions on the disposal of land that contains certain wastes prevent 0.59 cancer cases per year – about three cases every five years – and avoid $20 million in property damage, at an annual cost of $194 to $219 million. In his excellent book Breaking the Vicious Circle, written shortly before he became a U.S. Supreme Court justice, Stephen Breyer cited another, similar example of expensive, noncosteffective regulation by the EPA: a ban on asbestos pipe, shingles, coating, and paper, which the most optimistic estimates suggested would prevent seven or eight premature deaths over 13 years – at a cost of approximately a quarter of a billion dollars. Breyer observed that such a vast expenditure would cause more deaths than it would prevent from the asbestos exposure, simply by reducing the resources available for other public amenities. And perversely, the very act of removing asbestos from existing structures poses greater risk from asbestos than simply leaving it where it is: During removal, longdormant asbestos fibers are spread into the ambient air, where they expose workers and bystanders to heightened risk. When the EPA banned asbestos in 1989, it was already an old product whose risks and benefits were well understood. Nevertheless, political pressures from environmental activists pushed the EPA into making a decision that turned out to increase the risk to individuals and society. Another example of flawed decisionmaking at the EPA is the imposition of overly stringent ambient air standards under the Clean Air Act. Clean air is desirable, of course, but an EPA rule finalized in February 2012 that created new emissions standards for coal and oilfired electric utilities was illconceived. According to an analysis by Diane Katz and James Gattuso of the Heritage Foundation, “The benefits are highly questionable, with the vast majority being unrelated to the emissions targeted by the regulation. The costs, however, are certain: an estimated $9.6 billion annually. The regulations will produce a significant loss of electricity generating capacity, which [will] undermine energy reliability and raise energy costs across the entire economy.” Stung repeatedly by such benefitcost calculations, EPA has begun more frequently to manipulate the benefit side by invoking socalled “nonuse benefits” of regulations, such as “the value one places on knowing that an aquatic ecosystem is healthy” or secondary and tertiary ecosystem impacts.” The problem with such supposed benefits is that estimating them is highly prone to wishful thinking. (Read: plucking numbers from the air.) For example, regulators might “calculate” that a significant 8/7/2015 EPA's New Overseer Of 'Scientific Integrity': The Blind Leading The Blind Forbes<p style=" line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2013/12/04/epasnewoverseerofscientificintegritytheblindleadingtheblind/print/ 4/5 <p style=" line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">improvement in water quality in the Mississippi could be a source of benefit to people throughout the nation, not just those who use the river or who live near it, because the river is nationally symbolic. Perhaps not coincidentally related to Grifo’s appointment, the regulation of products made with modern genetic engineering techniques has been a bête noir of both the Union of Concerned Scientists and EPA. The EPA has long regulated field tests and the commercial use of pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). In 2001, the EPA issued final rules for the regulation of genetically engineered plants and concocted a new concept — “plantincorporated protectants,” or PIPs, defined as “pesticidal substances produced and used by living plants.” But the EPA regulatory net captures pestresistant plants only if the “protectant” has been introduced or enhanced by the most precise and predictable techniques of genetic engineering. The registration process is excessively complex and burdensome. The submission required for regulatory review includes copious data on the parental plant, the genetic construction, the behavior of the test plant and so on — requirements that could not be met for any plant modified with older, cruder techniques, which are exempt from the FIFRA rules. EPA then conducts a series of redundant casebycase reviews — before the initial trial; when trials are scaled up or tested on additional sites; and again if even minor changes have been made in the genetic construct. Those reviews are then repeated when the sponsor is ready to cultivate the plants at commercial scale. This approach, which has been condemned repeatedly by the scientific community over many years, has discouraged innovation and provided incentives for the developers of new plant varieties to use inferior but unregulated techniques. Grifo said recently that government scientists are currently working on “safe food” and a “safe environment” using the “best available science,” and that “the most important thing as we move forward is to increase the transparency of the federal government.” She is wrong on both counts. EPA’s science is shoddy, and its scientists and administrators routinely manipulate it to fit their radical policy agendas. Moreover, transparency is less important in government regulation than the content of decisions. Putting it another way, transparency is desirable, but arriving at the right decisions about public health and environmental protection is what is paramount. The EPA has long been intellectually, scientifically and ethically bankrupt. Francesca Grifo will fit right in

==http://ecowatch.com/2013/11/08/3-claims-pro-nuclear-film-pandoras-promise/
By Denise RobbinsCNN aired the pro-nuclear power film Pandora’s Promise last night, which propagated three <a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2013/11/07/myths-and-facts-about-nuclear-power/196793" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">common myths</a> about <a href="http://ecowatch.com/category/news/energy-news/nuclear-energy-energy/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">nuclear</a> power: it suggested the environmental movement’s “scare tactics” are what has inhibited nuclear power, claimed nuclear power is cheaper than <a href="http://ecowatch.com/category/renewable-business/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">renewables</a> and downplayed complications from nuclear waste. This led to a generally one-sided story, which has led to <a href="http://grist.org/climate-energy/some-thoughts-on-pandoras-promise-and-the-nuclear-debate/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">criticism</a> from many reviewers.Here’s how the film Pandora’s Promise propagated nuclear power myths:1. Claimed Nuclear Energy Is Cheaper Than Renewable EnergyThe enormous cost of building nuclear power plants is a key inhibiting factor for the energy source. Despite receiving <a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2013/11/07/myths-and-facts-about-nuclear-power/196793#cost" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); transition: color 0.2s linear; background: transparent;">immensely greater</a> subsidies than renewable energy from the beginning of its development, nuclear energy is still not competitive with fossil fuels in the U.S., and new wind energy is estimated to be <a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2013/11/07/myths-and-facts-about-nuclear-power/196793#cost" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); transition: color 0.2s linear; background: transparent;">less expensive</a> than new nuclear generation. Yet the Breakthrough Institute’s Michael Shellenberger asserted that nuclear power is “a much more economical alternative to very expensive solar panels or very expensive wind turbines that require backup power.” He also dismissed renewable energy and energy efficiency, one of the <a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2013/08/01/myths-and-facts-about-energy-efficiency/195171#benefits" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">cheapest</a> ways to address climate change, as a “<a href="http://mediamatters.org/embed/clips/2013/11/08/32831/cnn-pandoraspromise-11082013-renewable" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">religion</a>.”Renewable energy prices have actually been dropping while the costs of nuclear are <a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2011/04/06/207833/does-nuclear-power-have-a-negative-learning-curve/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); transition: color 0.2s linear; background: transparent;">on the rise</a>—as nuclear power has scaled up in France and the U.S., so have the costs of power plant construction. Meanwhile, solar prices have dropped <a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/10/06/2717791/cost-pv-cells-solar-power-grid-parity/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); transition: color 0.2s linear; background: transparent;">99 percent</a> in the last quarter century, and solar and wind energies are <a href="http://cleantechnica.com/2013/08/30/solar-and-wind-power-to-be-cost-competitive-without-subsidies-by-2025-according-to-new-study-from-the-national-renewable-energy-laboratory/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); transition: color 0.2s linear; background: transparent;">predicted</a> to be cost-competitive with fossil fuels—without the use of subsidies—by 2025.2. Blamed Environmentalists For Preventing Nuclear DeploymentPandora’s Promise focused on opposition to nuclear power from some in the environmental movement. In the film, author Mark Lynas even compared anti-nuclear activists to global warming deniers. However, this narrative paints a misleading picture: the lack of nuclear expansion in the U.S. comes down to a simple case of economics. Currently, nuclear power <a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2013/11/07/myths-and-facts-about-nuclear-power/196793#environmentalists" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">cannot compete</a> with gas-fired power. As the libertarian Cato Institute’s Jerry Taylor <a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2013/11/07/myths-and-facts-about-nuclear-power/196793#environmentalists" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">explained</a> that there’s “zero evidence” that environmental opposition is preventing new nuclear power plants, a myth that he said has been purported by nuclear advocates who “like to dodge the cost estimates.”3. Whitewashed The Issue Of Nuclear WasteAlthough nuclear power has potential to become a major power source, it comes with baggage. The U.S. has accumulated more than <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/42219616/#.UnvRhvl4zKc" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); transition: color 0.2s linear; background: transparent;">70,000 metric tons</a> of spent nuclear fuel, and continues to accumulate  2,200 tons per year, yet CNN’s documentary made light of this waste—Lynas claimed that nuclear waste is “not an environmental issue.”The Associated Press <a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2013/11/07/myths-and-facts-about-nuclear-power/196793#risk" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); transition: color 0.2s linear; background: transparent;">reported</a> that the nation “has no place to permanently store the material, which stays dangerous for tens of thousands of years.” Most of this waste currently “sits in water-filled cooling pools like those at the Fukushima Dai-ichi” at the power plants themselves, some of which “contain four times the amount of spent fuel that they were designed to handle.”The film also failed to mention leaks that currently challenge the upstate New York power plant, Indian Point. According to the <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Union of Concerned Scientists</a>, the plant <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_power/nuclear_power_risk/safety/ltr-to-nrc-on-leak-at-indian-point-u2.html%20" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">experiences</a> consistent leaks during refueling, though the Nuclear Regulatory Commission did not act on this. The scientists <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_power/nuclear_power_risk/safety/ltr-to-nrc-on-leak-at-indian-point-u2.html%20" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">called</a> the status quo of nuclear waste cleanup “untenable,” yet CNN’s documentary barely glossed over this ongoing issue.Visit EcoWatch’s <a href="http://ecowatch.com/p/energy/nuclear-energy-energy/" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(67, 146, 65); transition: color 0.2s linear; background: transparent;">NUCLEAR</a> page for more related news on this topic.<p style=" line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(35, 31, 32); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">

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