Marburger, J
<p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">joel a tempest wapo 2006:</font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4">
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p>
The skeptics feed on alarmism. They love any sign that global warming is
a case of mass hysteria. Someone like<b> Myron Ebell, an analyst at CEI,
freely admits that, as an advocate in a politicized battle, he tries to
make "the best case against<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> alarmism.</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">" Everyone, on both sides, is
arguing like a lawyer these days, he says. "What is going on right now
is a desperate last-ditch Battle of the Bulge type effort by the forces
of darkness, which is relying heavily on the lockstep/groupthink
scientific community."
</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The president's science adviser, John Marburger, thinks the politicized
debate has made it almost impossible to talk sensibly about the issue.
"There seems to be the general feeling that somehow the administration
doesn't feel that climate change is happening," he says. "That's
completely wrong." The administration just doesn't think the problem can
be solved with the "magic wand" of regulation.
</span></p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span><p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
<b>Marburger recently declined to go on "60 Minutes" to address allegations that
</b></span></p><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></b><p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>
federal scientists were being muzzled and government reports rewritten
by the White House</b> to minimize concerns about global warming. "In
general the public discourse on this has gotten completely off the
track, and we're never going to straighten it out on '60 Minutes,'"
Marburger says.</span>
</p></span></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">nyt obit:</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.467em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Dr. Marburger’s support for nuclear power, and his credentials as a respected scientist with management skills, led President Bush to appoint him as his science adviser and nominate him as director of the <b>White House Office of Science and Technology Policy</b> in September 2001, shortly after the 9/11 attacks. Dr. Marburger was said to have surprised some in the White House when, in answering a reporter’s question, he revealed that he was a Democrat.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.467em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But as successful as he may have been in managing conflict in past jobs, Dr. Marburger encountered new <b>controversy</b> in Washington. <b>He was widely criticized for defending Bush policies on abstinence-only education and global warming, especially in hi</b></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>s defense against an assertion by the National Academy of Sciences that political influence was contaminating the scientific research in government agencies.</b></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.467em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In a critical editorial in April 2004, The New York Times, addressing accusations that the Bush administration had distorted or suppressed scientific information that would conflict with its policy preferences, acknowledged the respect Dr. Marburger commanded, calling him “a respected physicist and lifelong Democrat who would not seem an automatic apologist for this administration.” But it added, “The question yet to be answered is whether he is speaking from conviction when he claims that the critics are off base or is serving as a frontman for an administration whose activities in this area are sometimes hard to defend.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.467em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">He explained his position to an interviewer that same month. On matters of public policy, he said: <b>“No one will know my personal positions on issues as long as I am in this job. I am here to make sure that the science input to policy making is sound </b>and that the executive branch functions properly with respect to its science and technology missions.”</font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></p><p style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">2011</span> interview:(died soon after?)</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">You served as Science Advisor to the President during the Bush Administration. What do you think is the biggest challenge for the current team of science advisors?</strong></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The overwhelming challenge for all U.S. domestic discretionary programs now and for the foreseeable future is the unsustainable growth in the mandatory budget: Medicare, Social Security, and interest on the national debt</b><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. All of science is threatened by the uncontrolled rise in the cost of these ‘mandates.’ How to maintain the strength of science and innovation through the long tail of the Great Recession is an extremely vexing challenge for all the world’s large economies.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font color="#333333">Budget problems aside, the world’s most difficult science policy challenge is also the least tractable at this time: the link between</font><font color="#ff0000"> energy policy and anthropomorphic climate change </font><font color="#333333">has led the world into a grave and I am afraid by now unavoidable crisis in long term global environmental conditions. This is an existential problem that cannot be solved by science or technology alone. It is a global problem whose solution depends on a widespread and highly unlikely change in socioeconomic behavior on a vast scale.</font></b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; line-height: 1.6em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font color="#333333">[so we're screwed?]</font></b></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://www.cambridgeblog.org/2011/09/conversations-with-john-marburger-constructing-reality/">http://www.cambridgeblog.org/2011/09/conversations-with-john-marburger-constructing-reality/</a></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The Bush administration’s participation in the personnel tactic known as “burrowing” <a href="http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2008/11/bushies_burrowing_into_career.php" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">has been well-reported</a> in recent weeks. The practice isn’t unique to the Bush crowd; during presidential transitions, political appointees eager to stay on the government payroll often <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/news/outfront/2008/11/outfront-bushies-dig-in.html" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">wriggle their way into</a> secure civil service positions — despite the differing political beliefs of the White House’s new occupant.</font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">But because the central objective of burrowing is for political appointees to fly under the radar while Washington changes hands, it’s often hard to tell when the practice is actually occurring. Consider the case of <b>Kathie Olsen, who just made a very curious move: going from the No. 2 post at the National Science Foundation to the far less influential job of “senior advisor” in the NSF’s Office of Information and Resource Management.</b></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>As <a href="http://blogs.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2009/01/new-deputy-dire.html#more" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><em>Science </em>magazine observes</a>, Olsen had already submitted her resignation to the Obama administration and would have been out the door had she not slipped into her new, seemingly secure post. </b>And this isn’t just any Bush appointee avoiding the need to find a new job —<b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Olsen was at the forefront of the <a href="http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2008/07/bush_administration_formally_d.php" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">former president’s systematic denial</a> of the human causes of climate change.</b></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Before becoming deputy director of the NSF, Olsen <a href="http://www.ostp.gov/cs/news/news_detail?pressrelease.id=35" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">was the associate director</a>of the Bush White House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy. Her immediate boss there was Bush science adviser<font color="#ff0000"> John Marburger, <a href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21795734/">who was implicated</a> in the 2007 censorship of congressional testimony that would have publicly illustrated the human health risks of the warming climate.</font></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Remember Phil Cooney, the once and future oil industry representative <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/08/politics/08climate.html" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">who habitually erased</a> from government documents any evidence that fossil fuels cause global warming? It was Olsen who first handed Cooney a debunked, Big-Oil-underwritten study that purported to disprove the existence of climate change. As <em>Rolling Stone</em> <a href="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/15148655/the_secret_campaign_of_president_bushs_administration_to_deny_global_warming/print" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">reported in 2007</a>:</font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger</a></font></p><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><div id="mw-content-text" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 19.1875px;" lang="en"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>John Harmen Marburger III</b> (February 8, 1941 – July 28, 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-nytobit-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a></sup> was an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">American</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">physicist</a> who directed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> in the administration of President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">George W. Bush</a>, thus serving as the Science Advisor to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">President</a>. His tenure was marked by controversy: he defended the administration against allegations that scientific evidence was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politicization_of_science" title="Politicization of science" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">being suppressed or ignored</a> in policy decisions, but he has been credited with keeping the political effects of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">September 11 attacks</a> from harming science research, and with increasing awareness of the relationship between science and government. He also served as the President of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Stony Brook University</a> from 1980 until 1994, and director of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a> from 1998 until 2001.</font></p><table id="toc" class="toc" style="font-size: 12px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><h2 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 12px; display: inline;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Contents</font></h2> <span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 11px;"> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>] </span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#Early_life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></font></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#Stony_Brook_University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Stony Brook University</span></a></font></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Brookhaven National Laboratory</span></a></font></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#Bush_administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Bush administration</span></a></font></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#Later_life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Later life</span></a></font></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></font></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></font></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Marburger&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: Early life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Marburger was born on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_Island,New_York" title="Staten Island, New York" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Staten Island, New York</a>, to Virginia Smith and John H. Marburger Jr., and grew up in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severna_Park,Maryland" title="Severna Park, Maryland" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Severna Park, Maryland</a>. He attended<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Princeton University</a>, graduating in 1962 with a B.A. in Physics, followed by a Ph.D. in Applied Physics from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Stanford University</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-nytobit-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bnlobit_3-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After completing his education, he served as a professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering at the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">University of Southern California</a> in 1966, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">specializing in the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">theoretical physics</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_optics" title="Nonlinear optics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">nonlinear optics</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_optics" title="Quantum optics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">quantum optics</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and co-founded the Center for Laser Studies there. He rose to become chairman of the physics department in 1972, and then Dean of the College of Letters, Arts and Sciences in 1976. He was engaged as a public speaker on science, including hosting a series of <b>educational television programs on CBS</b>. He was also outspoken on campus issues, and was designated the university's spokesperson during a scandal over preferential treatment of athletes.</span><sup id="cite_ref-bnlobit_3-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newsday_4-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-newsday-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="Stony_Brook_University">Stony Brook University</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Marburger&action=edit§ion=2" title="Edit section: Stony Brook University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 1980, he left USC to become the third president of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_at_Stony_Brook" title="State University of New York at Stony Brook" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">State University of New York at Stony Brook</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Long Island</a>, New York. At the time, state budget cuts were afflicting the university; he returned it to growth with increases in the university's science research funding from the federal government. He also presided over the founding of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stony_Brook_University_Medical_Center" title="Stony Brook University Medical Center" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Stony Brook University Medical Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-nytobit-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bnlobit_3-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 1983, he was picked by New York Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mario Cuomo</a> to chair a scientific fact-finding commission on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreham_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant</a>, a job that required him to find common ground between the many viewpoints represented on the commission. The commission eventually recommended the closure of the plant, a course he personally disagreed with.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-nytobit-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newsday_4-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-newsday-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a></sup> Cuomo had formed the commission in mid-May 1983 to provide him with recommendations regarding the plant's safety, the adequacy of emergency plans, and the economics of operating the plant. The commission's consensus recommendations included unanimous findings that no emergency evacuation of the plant could be conducted without the cooperation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffolk_County,New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Suffolk County</a>, which was refusing to approve an evacuation plan; that the construction of the plant would have been prevented if it had been started after new <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a> regulations were put into effect after the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident" title="Three Mile Island accident" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Three Mile Island accident</a> in 1979; and that operating the plant would not reduce utility costs. Marburger himself at the time emphasized that the governor had not been seeking a consensus but rather encouraged multiple viewpoints to be reflected, and characterized the consensus conclusions as not the only important section of the report.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[5]</a></sup> Marburger also characterized his participation as a learning experience, and the experience was credited with profoundly changing his view on the relationship between science and the public. He had never been to a public hearing before his participation in the Shoreham commission, and he said that he had initially expected that the issues could be resolved by examining scientific data and establishing failure probabilities. However, he quickly became aware of the importance of the public participation process itself, saying that "it became apparent to me this commission was one of the rare opportunities for the public to feel they were being heard and taken seriously." Marburger's conduct on the committee was praised by activists on both sides of the debate, with his focus on listening to all viewpoints and ability to not take disagreements personally being especially noted.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[6]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">From 1988 to 1994, Marburger chaired <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities_Research_Association" title="Universities Research Association" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Universities Research Association</a>, the organization that operated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Fermilab</a> and oversaw construction of the ill-fated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_Super_Collider" title="Superconducting Super Collider" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Superconducting Super Collider</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bnlobit_3-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></sup> and this experience is credited with convincing him of the influence government had in how science is done.<sup id="cite_ref-newsday_4-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-newsday-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a></sup> During this time he also served as a trustee of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Princeton University</a>. He stepped down as President of Stony Brook University in 1994, and began doing research again as a member of the faculty there.<sup id="cite_ref-bnlobit_3-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="Brookhaven_National_Laboratory">Brookhaven National Laboratory</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Marburger&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: Brookhaven National Laboratory" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In January 1998, Marburger became president of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brookhaven_Science_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brookhaven Science Associates (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Brookhaven Science Associates</a>, which subsequently won a bid to operate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookhaven_National_Laboratory" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a> for the federal government, and Marburger became the director of the lab. He took office after a highly publicized scandal in which <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">tritium</a> leaked from the lab's High Flux Beam Reactor, leading to calls by activists to shut down the lab. Rather than directly oppose the activists, Marburger created policies that improved the environmental management of the lab as well as community involvement and transparency. Marburger also presided over the commissioning of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_Heavy_Ion_Collider" title="Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider</a>, expanded the lab's program in medical imaging and neuroscience, and placed more emphasis on its<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_transfer" title="Technology transfer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">technology transfer</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-bnlobit_3-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newsday_4-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-newsday-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="Bush_administration">Bush administration</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Marburger&action=edit§ion=4" title="Edit section: Bush administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><b>Marburger's tenure as Director was the longest in the history of that post.</b> After the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">September 11 attacks</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">, he helped to establish the </span><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHS_Directorate_for_Science_and_Technology" title="DHS Directorate for Science and Technology" class="mw-redirect" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">DHS Directorate for Science and Technology</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> within the new </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Department of Homeland Security</a></b><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">. He has been called a central player opposing new restrictions of international scientific exchanges of people and ideas after the attacks. He later was responsible for reorienting the nation's </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W.Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">space policy</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> after the</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Space Shuttle Columbia disaster</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">, and played an important part in the nation's re-entry into the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Thermonuclear_Experimental_Reactor" title="International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor" class="mw-redirect" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">program. Marburger was also known for his support of the emerging field of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_of_science_policy" title="Science of science policy" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">science of science policy</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">, which seeks to analyze how </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_policy" title="Science policy" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">science policy</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">decisions affects a nation's ability to produce and benefit from innovation.</span><sup id="cite_ref-bnlobit_3-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sci11_7-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-sci11-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[7]</a></sup>In<b><font color="#ff0000"> September 2001, Marburger became Director of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George W. Bush</a>. </font></b>His tenure was marked by controversy as he defended the Bush Administration from accusations that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politicization_of_science" title="Politicization of science" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">political influence was distorting scientific research</a> in federal agencies and that scientific evidence was being suppressed or ignored in policy decisions, especially on the topics of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstinence-only" title="Abstinence-only" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">abstinence-only</a> birth control education, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_policy_of_the_George_W.Bush_administration" title="Climate change policy of the George W. Bush administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">climate change policy</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_laws_and_policy_in_the_United_States" title="Stem cell laws and policy in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">stem cell research</a>. Marburger defended the Bush Administration from these accusations, saying they were inaccurate or motivated by partisanship, especially on the issue of science funding levels. Marburger continued to be personally respected by many of his academic colleagues.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-nytobit-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sci11_7-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-sci11-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[7]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In February 2004, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Concerned_Scientists" title="Union of Concerned Scientists" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Union of Concerned Scientists</a> published a report<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[8]</a></sup> accusing the Bush administration of manipulating science for political purposes</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, listing more than 20 alleged incidents of censoring scientific results or applying a </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litmus_test(politics)" title="Litmus test (politics)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">litmus test</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> in the appointment of supposedly scientific advisory panel members. In </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">April 2004, Marburger published a statement<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[9]</a></sup> rebutting the report</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and exposing errors and incomplete explanations in it, and stating that "even when the science is clear—and often it is not—it is but one input into the policy process," but "in this Administration, science strongly informs policy."</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The Union of Concerned Scientists issued a revised version of their report after Marburger's statement was published. Marburger also called the reports conclusions illusory</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and the result of focusing on unrelated incidents within a vast government apparatus, and attributed the controversy as being related to the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_elections,2004" title="United States elections, 2004" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">upcoming elections</a><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font color="#ff0000">. It was noted that Marburger enjoyed a close personal relationship with President Bush, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Card" title="Andrew Card" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Andrew Card</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Office of Management and Budget</a> Director <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten" title="Joshua Bolten" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joshua Bolten</a> attesting to his active involvement within the administration</font></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Marburger responded to criticism of his support for Bush Administration policies in 2004, stating "No one will know my personal positions on issues as long as I am in this job. I am here to make sure that the science input to policy making is sound and that the executive branch functions properly with respect to its science and technology missions." On the topic of stem cell research, he in 2004 said that stem cells "offer great promise for addressing incurable diseases and afflictions. But I can’t tell you when a fertilized egg becomes sacred. That’s not my job. That’s not a science issue. And so whatever I think about reproductive technology or choice, or whatever, is irrelevant to my job as a science adviser."<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-nytobit-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a></sup> However, in February 2005, in a speech at the annual conference of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Science_Writers" title="National Association of Science Writers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">National Association of Science Writers</a>, he stated, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Intelligent design</a> is not a scientific theory.... I don't regard intelligent design as a scientific topic."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[12]</a></sup> <b><font color="#ff0000">Also In 2005, he told<i>The New York Times</i> that "global warming exists, and we have to do something about it."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[13]</a></sup></font></b></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_Boehlert" title="Sherwood Boehlert" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Sherwood Boehlert</a>, the Republican chair of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Science,Space_and_Technology" title="United States House Committee on Science, Space and Technology" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">House Committee on Science</a> during most of Marburger's tenure, said that "the challenge he faced was serving a president who didn't really want much scientific advice, and who let politics dictate the direction of his science policy... and he was in the unenviable position of being someone who had earned the respect of his scientific colleagues while having to be identified with policies that were not science-based."<sup id="cite_ref-sci11_7-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-sci11-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[7]</a></sup> On the other hand, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_P.Crease" title="Robert P. Crease" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Robert P. Crease</a>, a colleague of his at Stony Brook University, characterized him as someone who "[went] to the White House as a scientist, not an advocate. He refused to weigh in on high-profile, politically controversial issues, but instead set about fixing broken connections in the unwieldy machinery by which the government approves and funds scientific projects.... Some bitterly criticized him for collaborating with the Bush administration. But he left the office running better than when he entered."<sup id="cite_ref-newsday_4-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-newsday-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="Later_life">Later life</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Marburger&action=edit§ion=5" title="Edit section: Later life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Marburger returned to Stony Brook University as faculty in 2009, and co-edited the book <i>The Science of Science Policy: A Handbook</i>, which was published in 2011. He also served as Vice President for Research but stepped down on July 1, 2011. Marburger <b>died Thursday, July 28, 2011,</b> at his home in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Jefferson,New_York" title="Port Jefferson, New York" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Port Jefferson, New York</a>, after four years of treatment for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Hodgkins_lymphoma" title="Non-Hodgkins lymphoma" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">non-Hodgkins lymphoma</a>. He was survived by his wife, two sons, and a grandson. His final publication, a book on quantum physics for laypeople called <i>Constructing Reality: Quantum Theory and Particle Physics</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[14]</a></sup> was published shortly after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-bnlobit_3-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Marburger&action=edit§ion=6" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</span></font></h2><div class="reflist" style="font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-nytobit-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-nytobit_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-nytobit_1-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-nytobit_1-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-nytobit_1-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-nytobit_1-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-nytobit_1-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-nytobit_1-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Paul Vitello (July 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/30/us/30marburger.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"John H. Marburger, Bush Science Adviser, Dies at 70"</a>. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The New York Times</a></i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Marburger&rft.atitle=John+H.+Marburger%2C+Bush+Science+Adviser%2C+Dies+at+70&rft.aulast=Paul+Vitello&rft.au=Paul+Vitello&rft.date=July+29%2C+2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F07%2F30%2Fus%2F30marburger.html&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_A.Pielke,Jr." title="Roger A. Pielke, Jr." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pielke, Jr, Roger</a> (2011). "Obituary: <strong class="selflink">John Marburger</strong> (1941–2011) Physicist and longest-serving US presidential science adviser". <i>Nature</i> <b>476</b> (7360): 284. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F476284a" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">10.1038/476284a</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21850096" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">21850096</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Marburger&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+John+Marburger+%281941%E2%80%932011%29+Physicist+and+longest-serving+US+presidential+science+adviser&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.aulast=Pielke%2C+Jr&rft.au=Pielke%2C+Jr%2C+Roger&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F476284a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21850096&rft.issue=7360&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=284&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=476" class="Z3988"> <span class="plainlinks noprint" style="font-size: smaller;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_doi/10.1038.2F476284a&action=edit&editintro=Template:Cite_doi/editintro2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">edit</a></span></span></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-bnlobit-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-bnlobit_3-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-bnlobit_3-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-bnlobit_3-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-bnlobit_3-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-bnlobit_3-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-bnlobit_3-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-bnlobit_3-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-bnlobit_3-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1em;"><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnl.gov/today/story.asp?ITEM_NO=2516" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"In Memoriam: John Marburger"</a>. Brookhaven National Laboratory. 29 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 4 August 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Marburger&rft.atitle=John+Marburger%27s+Impact+on+U.S.+Science+Policy&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.aulast=Mervis&rft.au=Mervis%2C+Jeffrey&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sciencemag.org%2Fscienceinsider%2F2011%2F08%2Fjohn-marburgers-impact-on-us-science.html&rft.jtitle=ScienceInsider&rft.pub=American+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Science&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/scientific-integrity-in.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Scientific Integrity in Policy Making: Further Investigation of the Bush Administration’s Misuse of Science"</a>. 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"White House Rebuts Charges It Has Politicized Science". <i>Science</i> <b>304</b> (5668): 184–185. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.304.5668.184" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">10.1126/science.304.5668.184</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Marburger&rft.atitle=White+House+Rebuts+Charges+It+Has+Politicized+Science&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Malakoff&rft.au=Malakoff%2C+David&rft.date=9+April+2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.304.5668.184&rft.issue=5668&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=184%E2%80%93185&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=304" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Glanz, James (30 March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/30/science/at-the-center-of-the-storm-over-bush-and-science.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"At the Center Of the Storm Over Bush and Science"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 19 December 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Marburger&rft.atitle=At+the+Center+Of+the+Storm+Over+Bush+and+Science&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Glanz%2C+James&rft.aulast=Glanz&rft.date=30+March+2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F03%2F30%2Fscience%2Fat-the-center-of-the-storm-over-bush-and-science.html&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Mooney, Chris (22 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?articleId=9216" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"Intelligent Denials"</a>. <i>American Prospect</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Marburger, chief science adviser to George W. Bush, dies at 70"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 7 February 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Marburger&rft.atitle=John+H.+Marburger%2C+chief+science+adviser+to+George+W.+Bush%2C+dies+at+70&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.aulast=Schudel&rft.au=Schudel%2C+Matt&rft.date=30+July+2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.washingtonpost.com%2F2011-07-30%2Flocal%2F35267480_1_john-harmen-marburger-iii-science-and-technology-policy-cells&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marburger#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Marburger, John (2011). <i>Constructing Reality: Quantum Theory and Particle Physics'</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00483-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00483-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">978-1-107-00483-2</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Marburger&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Marburger&rft.au=Marburger%2C+John&rft.btitle=Constructing+Reality%3A+Quantum+Theory+and+Particle+Physics%27&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00483-2&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li></ol></div><h2 style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Marburger&action=edit§ion=7" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</span></font></h2><ul style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/194065-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">A 2006 interview of John Marburger by C-SPAN</a></font></li></ul><table class="navbox" style="font-size: 11px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: 1120px; margin: 0.5em auto auto; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 1px; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253);" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 2px;"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="font-size: 11px; 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