Merrill Lynch

owned by B of A=<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch</a><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Merrill Lynch, purchased by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bank of America</a> in 2008, was a large financial services company that had revenues of $70 billion and profits of $7 billion in 2006. It provided financial services for private, institutional, and government clients. It worked with mutual funds, insurance, annuities, trusts, clearing services as well as investment banking and brokerage. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a>The company operated in the United States, Canada, Europe, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Middle_East" title="Middle East" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Middle East</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Africa" title="Africa" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Africa</a>, the Pacific Rim, and Latin America. Headquartered in New York City, USA, it was founded in 1820. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 12px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 12px; display: inline; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Coal_investments" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Coal investments</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Protests_against_coal_investments" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2 Protests against coal investments</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Apr.13.2C_2007:Blockade_of_Asheville_Merrill_Lynch" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.1 Apr. 13, 2007: Blockade of Asheville Merrill Lynch</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Financial_crisis_and_the_bailout" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 Financial crisis and the bailout</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Role_in_the_crisis" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.1 Role in the crisis</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Political_influence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4 Political influence</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Campaign_contributions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4.1 Campaign contributions</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Lobbying" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4.2 Lobbying</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Contact_details" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5 Contact details</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Articles.26_resources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6 Articles & resources</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6.1 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6.2 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#External_articles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6.3 External articles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#External_resources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6.4 External resources</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6.5 External links</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Coal investments</h2>Merrill Lynch is a major financier of new coal plant construction. New coal-fired power plants being funded by the company include:<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Plum_Point_Energy_Station" title="Plum Point Energy Station" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Plum Point Energy Station</a> (AR)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Longleaf" title="Longleaf" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Longleaf</a> (GA)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sutherland_Generating_Station_Unit_4" title="Sutherland Generating Station Unit 4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sutherland Generating Station Unit 4</a> (IA)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/LS_Power_Elk_Run_Energy_Station" title="LS Power Elk Run Energy Station" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">LS Power Elk Run Energy Station</a> (IA)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Smith_Station" title="Smith Station" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Smith Station</a> (KY)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Big_Cajun_II_Unit_4" title="Big Cajun II Unit 4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Big Cajun II Unit 4</a> (LA)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Midland_Power_Plant" title="Midland Power Plant" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Midland Power Plant</a> (MI)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ely_Energy_Center,Phase_I" title="Ely Energy Center, Phase I" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ely Energy Center, Phase I</a> (NV)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ely_Energy_Center,Phase_II" title="Ely Energy Center, Phase II" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ely Energy Center, Phase II</a> (NV)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/White_Pine_Energy_Station" title="White Pine Energy Station" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">White Pine Energy Station</a> (NV)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Huntley_Generating_Station" title="Huntley Generating Station" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Huntley Generating Station</a> (NY)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sallisaw_Project" title="Sallisaw Project" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sallisaw Project</a> (OK)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Cross_Generating_Station_Unit_3" title="Cross Generating Station Unit 3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cross Generating Station Unit 3</a> (SC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Cross_Generating_Station_Unit_4" title="Cross Generating Station Unit 4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cross Generating Station Unit 4</a> (SC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pee_Dee_Generating_Facility" title="Pee Dee Generating Facility" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pee Dee Generating Facility</a> (SC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Marion_City_Project" title="Marion City Project" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Marion City Project</a> (SC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Big_Brown_3" title="Big Brown 3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Big Brown 3</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lake_Creek_3" title="Lake Creek 3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lake Creek 3</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Limestone_3" title="Limestone 3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Limestone 3</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Martin_Lake_4" title="Martin Lake 4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Martin Lake 4</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Monticello_4" title="Monticello 4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Monticello 4</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Morgan_Creek_3%26_4" title="Morgan Creek 3 & 4" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Morgan Creek 3 & 4</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Morgan_Creek_7" title="Morgan Creek 7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Morgan Creek 7</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Oak_Grove_Plant" title="Oak Grove Plant" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Oak Grove Plant</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sandy_Creek_Plant" title="Sandy Creek Plant" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Sandy Creek Plant</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tradinghouse_3%26_4" title="Tradinghouse 3 & 4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tradinghouse 3 & 4</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Valley_4" title="Valley 4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Valley 4</a> (TX)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Wise_County_Plant" title="Wise County Plant" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Wise County Plant</a> (VA)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Nelson_Dewey_Generating_Facility" title="Nelson Dewey Generating Facility" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nelson Dewey Generating Facility</a> (WI)</li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Protests against coal investments</h2><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Apr. 13, 2007: Blockade of Asheville Merrill Lynch</h3>On April 13, 2007, two people calling themselves members of the "Climate Justice League" entered a Merrill Lynch building in Asheville, North Carolina, dumped a sack of coal in the lobby, and used a bicycle lock to blockade the door. The activists demanded that Merrill Lynch stop funding mountaintop removal coal mining companies such as Massey Energy. No arrests were reported.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Financial crisis and the bailout</h2><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Role in the crisis</h3>In 1975, the SEC’s trading and markets division ruled that investment banks must maintain a debt-to-net capital ratio of less than 12 to 1. In 2004, following extensive lobbying by the investment banks, the SEC under chairman Christopher Cox authorized five investment banks to develop their own net capital requirements. This enabled investment banks to push borrowing ratios to as high as 40 to 1.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> These five investment banks were Goldman Sachs, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Morgan Stanley</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lehman Brothers</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bear_Stearns" title="Bear Stearns" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bear Stearns</a>, and Merrill Lynch. This very high debt-to-reserves helped lead to the financial crisis of 2008 by weakening the ability of these institutions to recover from losses incurred when the risky CDO and CDS bets failed.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a>Lee A. Pickard, who had been Director of the SEC’s Division of Market Regulation when the 1975 12-1 rule was ordered, said of the change, "The SEC modification in 2004 is the primary reason for all of the losses that have occurred."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Political influence</h2><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Campaign contributions</h3><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=E.Stanley_O%27Neal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. Stanley O'Neal (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">E. Stanley O'Neal</a>, then CEO of Merrill Lynch, was a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush%27s_Rangers" title="Bush's Rangers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Bush Ranger</a> having raised at least $200,000 for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_Walker_Bush" title="George Walker Bush" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Bush</a> in the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.presidential_election,2004" title="U.S. presidential election, 2004" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2004 presidential election</a>. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[8]</a>Merrill Lynch gave $184,150 to federal candidates in the 2006 election through its <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">political action committee</a> - 47% to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Democrats" title="Democrats" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Democrats</a> and 53% to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Republican_Party(USA)" title="Republican Party (USA)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Republicans</a>. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a>Decade-long campaign contribution total (1998-2008): $9,977,724<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-Sold_Out-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a>The 2008 top recipients of campaign contributions were:<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-Sold_Out-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a>
1. John McCain (R) $360,620
2. Barack Obama (D) $264,720
3. Rudy Giuliani (R) $210,275
4. Hillary Clinton (D) $202,568
5. Mitt Romney (R) $172,025
<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Lobbying</h3>The company spent $3,952,760 for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lobbying" title="Lobbying" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">lobbying</a> in 2006. $2,445,000 went to eight <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lobbying_firms" title="Lobbying firms" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">lobbying firms</a> with the remainder being spent using in-house lobbyists. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a>Decade-long lobbying expenditure total (1998-2008): $59,076,760<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-Sold_Out-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a>2008 Top Lobbying Expenditure Recipients:<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_note-Sold_Out-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a>
1. Merrill Lynch $4,700,000
2. Ernst & Young $604,000
3. Johnson, Madigan et al $240,000
<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Contact details</h2>4 World Financial Center
250 Vesey St.
New York, NY 10080
Phone: 212-449-1000
Fax: 212-449-9418
Web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.merrilllynch.com/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://www.merrilllynch.com</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Articles & resources</h2><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">References</h3><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/merrill-lynch/--ID10990--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Merrill Lynch Profile</a>, Hoovers, accessed July 2007.</li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=MER" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Merrill Lynch Profile</a>, Yahoo Finance, accessed July 2007.</li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoshop.org/inews/article.php?story=20070413090459871" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Climate Justice League Strikes Merrill Lynch</a>, Infoshop News, April 13, 2007.</li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> Stephen Labaton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/03/business/03sec.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Agency’s ’04 Rule Let Banks Pile Up New Debt</a>, NY Times, October 8, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2009</li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> Julie Satow, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/business/ex-sec-official-blames-agency-for-blow-up/86130/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Ex-SEC Official Blames Agency for Blow-Up of Broker-Dealers</a>, NY Sun, September 18, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2009</li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> Ben Protess, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.propublica.org/article/flawed-sec-program-failed-to-rein-in-investment-banks-101" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">‘Flawed’ SEC Program Failed to Rein in Investment Banks</a>, ProPublica, October 1, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2009</li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> Julie Satow, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/business/ex-sec-official-blames-agency-for-blow-up/86130/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Ex-SEC Official Blames Agency for Blow-Up of Broker-Dealers</a>, NY Sun, September 18, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2009</li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpj.org/docs/pioneers/pioneers_table.jsp" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Pioneers and Rangers</a>, Texans for Public Justice, accessed July 2007.</li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.asp?strID=C00040550" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">2006 PAC Summary Data</a>, Open Secrets, accessed July 2007.</li><li id="cite_note-Sold_Out-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-Sold_Out_10-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:10.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-Sold_Out_10-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">10.1</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-Sold_Out_10-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">10.2</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-Sold_Out_10-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">10.3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wallstreetwatch.org/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Sold Out: How Wall Street and Washington Betrayed America"</a>, accessed October 2009.</li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Merrill_Lynch#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/lobbyists/clientsum.asp?txtname=Merrill+Lynch&year=2006" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Merrill Lynch lobbying expenses</a>, Open Secrets.</li></ol><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Related SourceWatch articles</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_H.Komansky" title="David H. Komansky" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">David H. Komansky</a>- former ceo</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Matthew_Greenburgh" title="Matthew Greenburgh" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Matthew Greenburgh</a> - former vice chair</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Peter_S.Kraus" title="Peter S. Kraus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Peter S. Kraus</a></li></ul><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">External articles</h3><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">External resources</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docstoc.com/docs/4647166/Sold-Out---How-Wall-Street-and-Washington-Betrayed-America" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Sold Out - How Wall Street and Washington Betrayed America</a> , Consumer Education Foundation, March, 2009.</li></ul><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pressreleases/PresFR3Q.asp" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) 100% 50% no-repeat;">Merrill Lynch Top Contributor to Bush After Third Quarter</a>", Open Secrets, Oct. 17, 2003.</li></ul><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">External links</h3></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Real_Economy_Project" title="Category:Real Economy Project" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Real Economy Project</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Coal_Issues" title="Category:Coal Issues" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Coal Issues</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; 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Don Regan (nomi prins says ot allowed to fail in _ bailoutwikiDonald Thomas "Don" Regan (December 21, 1918 – June 10, 2003) was the 66th <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Secretary of the Treasury</a>, from 1981 to 1985, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_Staff" title="Chief of Staff" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chief of Staff</a> from 1985 to 1987 in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Administration" title="Ronald Reagan Administration" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ronald Reagan Administration</a>, where he advocated "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Reaganomics</a>" and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_cuts" title="Tax cuts" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">tax cuts</a> to create <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment" title="Employment" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">jobs</a> and stimulate production. Before serving in the Reagan administration, Regan served as Chairman and CEO of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" title="Merrill Lynch" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Merrill Lynch</a> from 1971 to 1980. He had worked at Merrill Lynch since 1946 and before this he had studied at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard University</a> and served in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Marine Corps</a>, achieving the rank of lieutenant colonel.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 13px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#Early_life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Early life</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#Wall_Street" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2 Wall Street</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#Reagan_administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 Reagan administration</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#Sayings" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4 Sayings</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#Retirement_and_death" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5 Retirement and death</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">7 External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early life<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Regan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, the son of Kathleen (née Ahearn) and William Francis Regan, he was of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Catholic" title="Irish Catholic" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Irish Catholic</a> origins. Regan earned his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bachelor of Arts</a> in English from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard College</a> in 1940 and attended <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard Law School</a> before dropping out to join the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Marine Corps</a> at the outset of World War II. He reached the rank of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">lieutenant colonel</a> while serving in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Pacific theater</a>, and was involved in five major campaigns including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Guadalcanal</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Okinawa</a>. In 1942, Regan married the former Ann George Buchanan (1921-2006), they had four children, (Donna Regan Lefeve, Donald T. Regan, Jr., Richard William Regan and Diane Regan Doniger).<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Wall Street<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Regan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wall Street" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>After the War, he joined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrill_Lynch%26_Co.,Inc." title="Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc." class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc.</a> in 1946, as an account executive trainee, working up through the ranks, eventually taking over as Merrill Lynch's chairman and CEO in 1971, the year the company went public. He held those positions until 1980.Regan was one of the original directors of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securities_Investor_Protection_Corporation" title="Securities Investor Protection Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Securities Investor Protection Corporation</a> and was vice chairman of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New York Stock Exchange</a> from 1973 to 1975. Regan was a major proponent of brokerage firms going public, which he viewed as an important step in the modernization of Wall Street; under his supervision, Merrill Lynch had its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Public_Offering" title="Initial Public Offering" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">IPO</a> on June 23, 1971, becoming only the second Wall Street firm to go public, after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaldson,Lufkin%26_Jenrette" title="Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette</a>.During his tenure in these two positions, Regan also pushed hard for an end to minimum fixed commissions for brokers, which were fees that brokerage companies had to charge clients for every transaction they made on the clients' behalf; Regan saw them as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">cartel</a>-like restriction. In large part thanks to his lobbying, fixed commissions were abolished in 1975.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Reagan administration<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Regan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reagan administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ronald Reagan</a> selected Donald Regan in 1981 to serve as Treasury Secretary, marking him as a spokesman for his economic policies, dubbed "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Reaganomics</a>." He helped engineer changes in the tax code, reduce income tax rates and decrease taxes for corporations. Regan unexpectedly swapped jobs with then<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">James Baker</a> in 1985. As Chief of Staff, Regan was closely involved in the day-to-day management of White House policy, which led <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Howard Baker</a>, Regan's successor as Chief of Staff, to give a rebuke that Regan was becoming a "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister" title="Prime Minister" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Prime Minister</a>" inside an increasingly complex <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Presidency" title="Imperial Presidency" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Imperial Presidency</a>. Regan was eventually forced to resign because he was unable to contain the continuing political damage being done to President Reagan by public exposure of the Iran/contra scandal.Regan's memoir, For the Record: From Wall Street to Washington, exposes his disagreements with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Lady" title="First Lady" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">First Lady</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nancy Reagan</a>, including the claim that Nancy's personal<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrologer" title="Astrologer" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">astrologer</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Quigley" title="Joan Quigley" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Joan Quigley</a>, helped steer the President's decisions. Regan wrote:<blockquote style="color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Virtually every major move and decision the Reagans made during my time as White House Chief of Staff was cleared in advance with a woman in San Francisco [Quiqley] who drew up horoscopes to make certain that the planets were in a favorable alignment for the enterprise.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></blockquote><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sayings<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Regan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sayings" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>"And the horse you rode in on" was a favorite of Regan's. He learned it from a poker buddy in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Texas</a> who said "expletive you and the horse you rode in on." Regan adopted the latter part of the phrase.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">citation needed</a>] In the portrait of Regan that hangs on the third floor of the treasury, the title of a book in the background reads And the Horse You Rode In On.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a>"Speed it up" is a widely infamous phrase which Regan, somewhat indiscreetly, said to President Reagan during one of the latter's speeches. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Michael Moore</a> gives brief focus to this incident in his documentary,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism:A_Love_Story" title="Capitalism: A Love Story" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Capitalism: A Love Story</a>, who then proceeds to insinuate that Reagan was merely chosen a frontman (or "sheriff") for the real <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_behind_the_throne" title="Power behind the throne" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">power behind the throne</a>, among them Regan, who at the time was the Chairman of Merrill Lynch and whom Reagan appointed as Treasury Secretary and then Chief of Staff. This quote has been used to show the power of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Wall Street</a> and its influence on Capitol Hill.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Retirement and death<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Regan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Retirement and death" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Regan retired quietly in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Virginia</a> with Ann Regan, his wife of over sixty years. Late in life, he spent nearly ten hours a day in his art studio painting landscapes, some of which sold for thousands of dollars and still hang in museums. Regan had four children and nine grandchildren.He died of cancer on June 10, 2003, at age 84, in a hospital near his home in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg,Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Williamsburg, Virginia</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> and was buried in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Arlington National Cemetery</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington,Virginia" title="Arlington, Virginia" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Arlington, Virginia</a>.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">References<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Regan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist" style="font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }Donald Regan. For the Record: From Wall Street to Washington, (San Diego: Harcourt Trade Publishers, 1988), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0151639663" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISBN 0151639663</a></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20099022,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">"The President's Astrologers", People (May 23, 1988)</a></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }Birnbaum, Jeffery H.; Murray, Alan S. (1987). Showdown at Gucci Gulch: Lawmakers, Lobbyists, and the Unlikely Triumph of Tax Reform. New York: Random House. p. 68. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0394560248" title="Special:BookSources/0394560248" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">0394560248</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Regan&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+Jeffery+H.&rft.aufirst=Jeffery+H.&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.au=Murray%2C+Alan+S.&rft.btitle=Showdown+at+Gucci+Gulch%3A+Lawmakers%2C+Lobbyists%2C+and+the+Unlikely+Triumph+of+Tax+Reform&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0394560248&rft.pages=68&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Regan#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/11/us/donald-regan-84-financier-and-top-reagan-aide-dies.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">"Donald Regan, 84, Financier and Top Reagan Aide, Dies"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New York Times</a>.com. June 11, 2003. Retrieved March 20, 2014.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Regan&rft.btitle=Donald+Regan%2C+84%2C+Financier+and+Top+Reagan+Aide%2C+Dies&rft.date=June+11%2C+2003&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F06%2F11%2Fus%2Fdonald-regan-84-financier-and-top-reagan-aide-dies.html&rft.pub=New+York+Times.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li></ol></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">External links<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; font-family: sans-serif;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Regan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="noprint tright portal" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><table style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 13.09000015258789px; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr valign="middle"><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_vip.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Portal icon" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" width="28" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td><td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Biography portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><ul style="line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treasury.gov/about/history/Pages/dtregan.aspx" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">Biography as Secretary of the Treasury</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7561251" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">Donald Regan</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Find a Grave</a></li></ul>

Merrill Lynch

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