ropeik, d
<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style=""><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">=</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">see nisbet et al</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">lomborgian psych shuffle phobia? // gmo alarmist</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">also note lomborgian K self-contradiction: ppl won't act until scared, but don't scare them: bottom line, do nothing, biz as usual</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">=</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Comparing Atomic bombs and Climate Change? Ludicrous!!</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> You know those national debt counters, with the numbers that rapidly get bigger and bigger? Or those global population counters that do the same thing? Well now comes a […]</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://bigthink.com/articles/comparing-atomic-bombs-and-climate-change-ludicrous/">https://bigthink.com/articles/comparing-atomic-bombs-and-climate-change-ludicrous/</a></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">you know those national debt counters, with the numbers that rapidly get bigger and bigger? </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Or those global population counters that do the same thing? Well now comes a climate change counter, that measures the heat we’ve added to the biosphere since 1998, in terms of the heat that was released by Hiroshima atomic bombs. As this is being written, the counter says we’ve added the equivalent of 2,041,000,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs worth of heat to the climate in just the past 15 years.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How do you react to that link, between climate change and atomic bombs? Does it seem dramatic? Does it change your thinking about climate change? That’s what it’s creators hope. Specifically it was designed…“…</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b style="">to counter a misconception that has gained in popularity over the last year – that global warming has stopped since 1998 (or sometime around then</b>). People who deny global warming fail to take one simple fact into account – our planet continues to build up heat. In fact, the heat build-up hasn’t slowed down at all over the last few decades – it has increased. The laws of physics did not cease to operate after 1998 and the greenhouse effect continues to blaze away. Our widget demonstrates this in strong, clear, visual terms.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">
</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Will it work? Almost certainly not. </b>Robust research on the psychology of the way we perceive risk suggests that, almost instantaneously (and largely subconsciously) as any climate skeptic/denier read that first paragraph, they found a way to dispute the data, or deny the relevance of the comparison altogether. They did what we all do all the time on lots of issues; twist the facts around so we can see them they way we want to.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> Research into Cultural Cognition by Dan Kahan and others has found that when information comes along that conflicts with a view we have on some polarized issue, we don’t consider that information with open minds. Rather, we find ways to interpret that information so we can maintain our pre-existing view. And our initial view isn’t the product of an open-minded consideration of the facts either. As we first make up our minds about an issue, Cultural Cognition research has found that we come up with views that are consistent with the beliefs in the groups with which we most closely identify. We agree with our friends. This is a powerful part of the psychology of how social animals like us perceive risk, because being a member in good standing of our group – our tribe – helps protect us. It feels safe to agree with the group, and threatening when we go against the tribe’s beliefs and risk going it alone. So as we consider the facts, the fundamental motivation for safety and survival easily overwhelms dispassionate open-minded objective reasoning and we end up with beliefs that match those of our ‘ingroups’.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(The smarter we are, the worse this gets. Smarter brains are more proficient at seeing the facts the way we want to see them, so our views match up with our group’s beliefs. See an earlier post, The Smarter We Are, the Dumber About the Facts We Can Be)</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> So the Hiroshima/climate change comparison is not likely to accomplish it’s goal of changing the minds of climate skeptics or deniers. It’s another instance where scientists trying to communicate risk ignore what the research on risk perception and science communication has taught us, that risk perception is emotional and subjective, not just a matter of the facts by themselves, but also how those facts feel. The would-be science communicators talk about the facts but only through the lens of their own science…in this case about the heat and physics and atmosphere chemistry…in the belief that just giving people the facts will make them see The Light. That’s arrogant behavior for scientists, because it ignores vital findings from the social sciences, like Cultural Cognition, that would help them be better communicators.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> But Cultural Cognition is only one element of the psychology of risk perception. Other emotional factors also shape what feels scary and what doesn’t, and those factors influence how many people feel about climate change as much as or more than Cultural Cognition. <b>Research by Anthony Lieserowitz and Ed Maibach and others has found that there are plenty of people, for example, who do believe that human activity is causing the climate to change in dangerous ways but who don’t seem all that worried, because climate change doesn’t feel like a serious personal or imminent threat. Those two emotional qualities – can it happen to ME, and how soon – have a lot to do with how scary any risk feels</b>.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> Will the dramatic comparison between climate change and atomic bombs help get the people who are only somewhat concerned, more concerned? Probably not, because, again, risk perception is subjective, not just a matter of the facts but how those facts feel. And the two risks being compared don’t feel anywhere near the same. The emotional nature of the impacts of climate change bears no resemblance to the emotional quality of the horrific fiery instant death and suffering of exploding atomic bombs. In terms of the feelings these risks engender, thecomparison is apples and sneakers. It is ridiculous.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> In fact, it is so ridiculous that it just might backfire. Comparing such patently different risks could lead some people, who might have been receptive to the information about the heat we’re adding to the climate, to reject the whole comparison outright as a forced and manipulative PR exercise.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">
</p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;" /><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> It grows more and more frustrating for the pioneers in the research of risk perception and science communication, people like Kahan and Paul Slovic and Baruch Fischhoff and </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Matt Nisbet</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (and for the proselytizers of that knowledge like me),</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> that the wisdom of what they have taught us is ignored by the people who could use it, like climate change communicators. The danger we face is huge, and the time to act to avoid the serious harms of climate change grows ever shorter. It is long past due that the people trying to encourage the public to take the risk of climate change more seriously look to sciences beyond their own for guidance and insights about how to communicate in order to encourage the public to make more informed and intelligent choices. no lnx</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bigthunker</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://bigthink.com/articles/genetically-modified-food-one-step-closer-to-your-plate/">https://bigthink.com/articles/genetically-modified-food-one-step-closer-to-your-plate/</a></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">you </font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">may have missed it, but on the Friday heading into the Christmas holiday, the FDA announced its decision about the safety of salmon genetically engineered to grow faster. After reviewing more than a decade of research, the FDA says the fish are A) safe for human consumption and B) would have “no significant impact on the environment.” This is a pretty big deal, close to the final approval for the first genetically modified (GM) food we would eat directly, as opposed to the GM grains that have been mixed into other foods for years.</font></span></p><hr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 10px 0px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); height: 0.625rem; margin: 0px 0px 1.5rem; width: 0.625rem; letter-spacing: -0.2px;" /><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); margin: 0px 0px 1rem; position: relative; letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Sure enough, the anti-GM folks reacted with almost knee-jerk predictability. The <a href="http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/2012/12/21/obama-administration-snubs-risks-moves-forward-with-ge-salmon-approval/" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration: inherit; --tw-text-opacity: 1;">Center for Food Safety</a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> charged that the Obama administration ‘snubbed’ the risks, saying; “The G.E. salmon has no socially redeeming value. It’s bad for the consumer, bad for the salmon industry and bad for the environment. F.D.A.’s decision is premature and misguided.” Which, given how much </span><a href="http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/GeneticEngineering/GeneticallyEngineeredAnimals/ucm280853.htm" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration: inherit; --tw-text-opacity: 1;">research backs up the FDA decision</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, is the same sort of denial of science the right wing uses to contort itself into denying climate change. But then, the arguments about GM food, as is the case with climate change or any risk, are not just about the facts, but how those facts </span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia);">feel.</em></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); margin: 0px 0px 1rem; position: relative; letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The facts here are reasonably clear. Scientists take a gene from a Chinook salmon, which grows really fast, and plug it into an Atlantic salmon, which is the principal salmon species sold today but which grows more slowly. Then they add a gene from another ell-like fish called the ocean pout that keeps the Chinook growth gene firing all the time, and, presto, you get the Atlantic to grow to maturity much faster. It’s basically a modified hybrid salmon but hybridized in a lab rather than the old fashioned way, in a fish tank. More than a decade of research reviewed by the FDA says its safe to eat. And the GM fish are grown from eggs that grow into sterile female fish, so if they get out they can’t mate and proliferate, which is why the FDA says they would not be an environmental risk.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); margin: 0px 0px 1rem; position: relative; letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The reasons why genetically modified food upsets people are pretty clear too. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/How-Risky-Really-Fears-Always/dp/0071629696/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1266244724&sr=1-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration: inherit; --tw-text-opacity: 1;">Research on the psychology of risk perception </a>has identified more than a dozen characteristics that make some things feel scarier than others, several of which apply to the genetically modified salmon. It’s <span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); font-weight: bolder;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration-line: underline;">human-made,</span></span> and that makes it scarier than a risk that’s natural (naturally hybridized food). We’re more afraid of what we can’t detect with our own senses, and what we don’t understand, creating <span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); font-weight: bolder;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration-line: underline;">uncertainty</span></span> that leaves us feeling powerless, and more worried. We more afraid of a risk if we’re exposed <span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); font-weight: bolder;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration-line: underline;">involuntarily</span></span> (which is why opponents of GM food demand labeling). And we depend on the government to keep us safe, but if we don’t trust the government (the FDA), that <span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); font-weight: bolder;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration-line: underline;">lack of trust</span></span> feeds greater worry.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); margin: 0px 0px 1rem; position: relative; letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On top of that, research into <a href="http://www.culturalcognition.net/" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration: inherit; --tw-text-opacity: 1;">Cultural Cognition</a> has found that we shape our views so they agree with the common opinion in the groups we most strongly identify with, and environmentalists usually belong to groups called Egalitarians and Communitarians. Egalitarians don’t like a society that is controlled by a “One Percent” of a few rich companies and individuals that dictate a fixed ‘traditional’ hierarchy of social and economic class, limiting freedom and social and economic mobility for “the 99%”. Communitarians prefer a society that sacrifices some individual freedoms for the greater common good. They don’t like a society that allows a few big companies to get rich while polluting the world for everybody else.</font></p><div id="div-gpt-ad-bt_content1" data-google-query-id="COG2gtCKm_QCFQhV7AodMLUAtw" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/1037571/bt_content1_0container" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0pt none; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); width: 620px; height: 0px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); margin: 0px 0px 1rem; position: relative; letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Cultural Cognition research helps explain <a href="http://www.skepticblog.org/2012/11/08/argumentum-ad-monsantium/" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration: inherit; --tw-text-opacity: 1;">Brian Dunning’s </a><em style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia);"><a href="http://www.skepticblog.org/2012/11/08/argumentum-ad-monsantium/" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration: inherit; --tw-text-opacity: 1;">Argumentum ad Monsantium</a>,</em> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the way environmentalists oppose genetically modified food not on the merits alone but because it is the profit-making product of a huge polluting corporation that has too much control over society.</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); margin: 0px 0px 1rem; position: relative; letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As valid as those emotional risk perception filters may be, and as scary as they might make GM food of any kind <em style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia);">feel</em>, they have nothing to do with the facts about the safety of the GM salmon to humans or the environment. The FDA is supposed to try to make a ruling based on objective evidence, which their scientific report does. But we live in the real world of public passions and politics, which explains why that report was issued last May but, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">according to <a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2012/12/genetically_modified_salmon_aquadvantage_fda_assessment_is_delayed_possibly.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); text-decoration: inherit; --tw-text-opacity: 1;">a report by Jon Entine in Slate</a> last week, was kept quiet under orders from the Obama White House for fear of offending environmentalists during the election campaign. Entine claims his expose forced the FDA to go public.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia); margin: 0px 0px 1rem; position: relative; letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It wouldn’t be the first time that public passions and politics about an emotionally controversial risk issue interfered with the objective consideration of science. But we live in a democracy, and the way a risk feels is as important, often <em style="box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: currentcolor; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-transform: translateX(var(--tw-translate-x)) translateY(var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)); --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-inset: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-drop-shadow: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-filter: var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow); --tw-backdrop-blur: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-brightness: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-contrast: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-grayscale: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-invert: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-opacity: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-saturate: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-sepia: var(--tw-empty, ); --tw-backdrop-filter: var(--tw-backdrop-blur) var(--tw-backdrop-brightness) var(--tw-backdrop-contrast) var(--tw-backdrop-grayscale) var(--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate) var(--tw-backdrop-invert) var(--tw-backdrop-opacity) var(--tw-backdrop-saturate) var(--tw-backdrop-sepia);">more </em>important, than the science as policy makers try to decide what to do. As a result, what we end up with, whether it’s genetically modified food or so many other risk-related issues, is a decision making process that may feel democratic and right, but in the end it might not produce polices that provide the most public and environmental benefit.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></b></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>David P. Ropeik</b> is an international consultant, author, teacher, and speaker on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_perception" title="Risk perception" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">risk perception</a> and risk communication. He is also creator and director of Improving Media Coverage of Risk, a training program for journalists. He is a regular contributor to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Think" title="Big Think" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Big Think</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_Today" title="Psychology Today" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Psychology Today</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup> Cognoscenti,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Huffington Post</a>.</font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="background: none; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></h2><span class="toctogglespan" style=""><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox" style="cursor: pointer;" /></span></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#Background" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Background</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#Career" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Career</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#Bibliography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Bibliography</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#Books" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Books</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#Essays_and_reporting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Essays and reporting</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#Sources" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Sources</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);" linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ropeik&action=edit§ion=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Background" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He was born March 6, 1951 in Albany, NY and grew up in Trenton, NJ. David attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Northwestern University</a> where he received a BSJ from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medill_School_of_Journalism" title="Medill School of Journalism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Medill School of Journalism</a> in 1972 and a MSJ the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Following graduate school, David began as a radio and television reporter for WTIC in Hartford, CT, which was soon sold to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Newsweek" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Newsweek" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Post-Newsweek</a> and became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFSB-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WFSB-TV" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">WFSB-TV</a>. From 1978-2000: he worked at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCVB-TV" title="WCVB-TV" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">WCVB-TV</a> in Boston as a reporter.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup> David became a specialist in environmental news and was an early member of the Society for Environmental Journalists (SEJ).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup> While at WCVB, David won two <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_I.duPont-Columbia_University_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Awards</a> for excellence in television journalism. He also won a national <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Award" title="Gabriel Award" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gabriel Award</a>, National Headliner Awards (including a Best of Show additional honor), and seven regional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy_Award" title="Emmy Award" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Emmy Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Science_Journalism_Fellowships" title="Knight Science Journalism Fellowships" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Knight Science Journalism Fellow</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">MIT</a> from 1994-5 and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Tropical_Botanical_Garden" title="National Tropical Botanical Garden" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Tropical Botanical Garden</a> Fellow in 1999.</font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);" linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ropeik&action=edit§ion=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Career" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In January 2000, Ropeik joined the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_School_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard School of Public Health" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harvard School of Public Health</a>, as Director of Communications for the Center for Risk Analysis<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup> and faculty member of the school's professional education course "The Risk Communication Challenge". He went on to become Instructor of risk communication at the school and co-director of the Risk Communication challenge course. He has taught courses on media coverage of risk issues at Harvard's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_School_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy School of Government" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kennedy School of Government</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieman_Fellowship" title="Nieman Fellowship" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nieman Fellowship</a> Program, The Knight Science Journalism Fellowship at MIT, Boston University's Program in Science Journalism, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_College" title="Emerson College" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Emerson College</a>, the Council for the Advancement of Science Writers, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Science_Writers" title="National Association of Science Writers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Association of Science Writers</a>, and the Society of Environmental Journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">With the then-director of the Center for Risk Analysis, George Gray, Ropeik co-authored the book "RISK, A Practical Guide for Deciding What’s Dangerous and What’s Safe in the World Around You", published by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Houghton Mifflin</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2006, Ropeik left the School of Public Health, though he continues teaching in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Extension_School" title="Harvard Extension School" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harvard Extension School</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup> He is now an independent consultant to government, business, trade associations, consumer groups, and educational institutions. He has written dozens of articles on risk perception.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup> Ropeik is also author of the book, "How Risky Is It Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts," published in March 2010 by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGraw_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw Hill" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">McGraw Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He served as the risk communication member of the Congressionally mandated Veterans Affairs Board on Dose Reconstruction,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup> which oversees the joint <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Department of Defense</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterans_Health_Administration" title="Veterans Health Administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Veterans Health Administration</a>program to compensate veterans exposed to nuclear radiation. He was an Advisory Board member of the America Prepared campaign for terrorism and natural disaster preparedness, a joint effort of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Department of Homeland Security</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Advertising Council</a>, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_P.Sloan_Foundation" title="Alfred P. Sloan Foundation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alfred P. Sloan Foundation</a>, and a consortium of businesses and individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);" linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ropeik&action=edit§ion=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Bibliography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This list is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ropeik&action=edit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none !important; padding: 0px !important;">expanding it</a>.</font></div><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Books">Books</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ropeik&action=edit§ion=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Books" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="citation book" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Ropeik, David. <i>How risky is it, really? Why our fears don't always match the facts</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+risky+is+it%2C+really%3F+Why+our+fears+don%27t+always+match+the+facts&rft.au=Ropeik%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Ropeik" class="Z3988" /></font></li></ul><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Essays_and_reporting">Essays and reporting</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ropeik&action=edit§ion=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Essays and reporting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="citation journal" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Ropeik, David (Feb–Mar 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/issues/special-issue-food-wars" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Risky business : psychology can teach us much about why many people fear GM foods"</a>. Special Feature. Food Wars. <i>Cosmos</i>. <b>55</b>: 80–86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cosmos&rft.atitle=Risky+business+%3A+psychology+can+teach+us+much+about+why+many+people+fear+GM+foods&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=80-86&rft.date=2014-02%2F2014-03&rft.au=Ropeik%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcosmosmagazine.com%2Fissues%2Fspecial-issue-food-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Ropeik" class="Z3988" /></font></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);" linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Ropeik&action=edit§ion=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Sources" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); column-width: 30em;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ropeik#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bigthink.com/blogs/risk-reason-and-reality" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">http://bigthink.com/blogs/risk-reason-and-reality</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; 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