Klare

<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">see big picture analysis</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">wkdsmt pending</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">=</font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">good big pix update 1 23</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/climate-change-pentagon/">https://www.alternet.org/climate-change-pentagon/</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">klare tom d</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">..<b>.</b></font><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Historically speaking, the United States and the European Union (EU) countries have been the largest GHG emitters,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2019/10/Cumulative-CO2-treemap.png" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">responsible for</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">&nbsp;</span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><b>25% and 22% of cumulative CO2 emissions, respectively.</b>&nbsp;But those countries, and other advanced industrial nations like Canada and Japan, have been taking significant steps to reduce their emissions, including phasing out the use of coal in electricity generation and providing incentives for the purchase of electric vehicles. As a result, their net CO2 emissions</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">have diminished</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">in recent years and are expected to decline further in the decades to come (though they will need to do yet more to keep us below that 1.5-degree warming limit).</span></div><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">China, a relative latecomer to the industrial era, is historically responsible for “only” 13% of cumulative global CO2 emissions.</span>&nbsp;However, in its drive to accelerate its economic growth in recent decades, it has vastly increased its reliance on coal to generate electricity, resulting in ever-greater CO2 emissions. China now accounts for an&nbsp;<a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">astonishing 56%</a>&nbsp;of total world coal consumption, which, in turn, largely explains its current dominance among the major carbon emitters. According to the 2022 edition of the International Energy Agency’s&nbsp;<em>World Energy Outlook</em>, the PRC was responsible for 33% of global CO2 emissions in 2021, compared with 15% for the U.S. and 11% for the EU.</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Like most other countries, China has&nbsp;<a href="https://www.c2es.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/chinas-contribution-paris-climate-agreement.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">pledged</a>&nbsp;to abide by the&nbsp;<a href="https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Paris Climate Agreement of 2015</a>&nbsp;and undertake the decarbonization of its economy as part of a worldwide drive to keep global warming within some bounds. As part of that agreement, however, China&nbsp;<a href="https://unfccc.int/node/180417" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">identified itself</a>&nbsp;as a “developing” country with the option of increasing its fossil-fuel use for 15 years or so before achieving a peak in CO2 emissions in 2030. Barring some surprising set of developments then, the PRC&nbsp;<a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">will undoubtedly remain</a>&nbsp;the world’s leading source of CO2 emissions for years to come, suffusing the atmosphere with colossal amounts of carbon dioxide and undergirding a continuing rise in global temperatures.</span></p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><b>Yes, the United States, Japan, and the EU countries should indeed do more to reduce their emissions, but they’re already on a downward trajectory and an even more rapid decline will not be enough to offset China’s colossal CO2 output</b>. Put differently, those Chinese emissions — estimated by the IEA at 12 billion metric tons annually — represent at least as great a threat to U.S. security as the multitude of tanks, planes, ships, and missiles enumerated in the Pentagon’s 2022 report on security developments in the PRC. That means they will require the close attention of American policymakers if we are to escape the most severe impacts of climate change.</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><strong>China’s Vulnerability to Climate Change</strong></p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Along with detailed information on China’s outsized contribution to the greenhouse effect, any thorough report on security developments involving the PRC should have included an assessment of that country’s vulnerability to climate change. It should have laid out just how global warming might, in the future, affect its ability to marshal resources for a demanding, high-cost military competition with the United States.</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">In the coming decades, like the U.S. and other continental-scale countries, China will suffer severely from the multiple impacts of rising world temperatures, including extreme storm damage, prolonged droughts and heatwaves, catastrophic flooding, and rising seas. Worse yet, the PRC has several distinctive features that will leave it especially vulnerable to global warming, including a heavily-populated eastern seaboard&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/04/07/world/asia/climate-change-china.html" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">exposed to</a>&nbsp;rising sea levels and increasingly powerful typhoons; a vast interior, parts of which, already significantly dry, will be prone to full-scale&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/10/24/world/asia/living-in-chinas-expanding-deserts.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">desertification</a>; and a vital river system that relies on unpredictable rainfall and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.chinawaterrisk.org/opinions/yangtze-headwaters-under-threat/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">increasingly imperiled glacial runoff</a>. As warming advances and China experiences an ever-increasing climate assault, its social, economic, and political institutions, including the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), will be severely tested.</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">According to a recent study from the Center for Climate and Security, “<a href="https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/China-Climate-Security-Vulnerabilities-2022.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">China’s Climate Security Vulnerabilities</a>,” the threats to its vital institutions will take two major forms: hits to its critical infrastructure like port facilities, military bases, transportation hubs, and low-lying urban centers along China’s heavily populated coastline; and the danger of growing internal instability arising from ever-increasing economic dislocation, food scarcity, and governmental incapacitation.</span></p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><b>China’s coastline already suffers heavy flooding during severe storms and significant parts of it could be entirely underwater by the second half of this century, requiring the possible relocation of hundreds of millions of people and the reconstruction of billions of dollars’ worth of vital facilities.&nbsp;</b>Such tasks will surely require the full attention of Chinese authorities as well as the extensive homebound commitment of military resources, leaving little capacity for foreign adventures. Why, you might wonder, is there not a single sentence about this in the Pentagon’s assessment of future Chinese capabilities?</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><b>Even more worrisome, from Beijing’s perspective, is the possible effect of climate change on the country’s internal stability.</b>&nbsp;“Climate change impacts are likely to threaten China’s economic growth, its food and water security, and its efforts at poverty eradication,” the climate center’s study suggests (but the Pentagon report doesn’t mention). Such developments will, in turn, “likely increase the country’s vulnerability to political instability, as climate change undermines the government’s ability to meet its citizens’ demands.”</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><b>Of particular concern, the report suggests, is global warming’s dire threat to food security.</b>&nbsp;China, it notes, must feed approximately 20% of the world’s population while occupying only 12% of its arable land, much of which is vulnerable to drought, flooding, extreme heat, and other disastrous climate impacts. As food and water supplies dwindle, Beijing could face popular unrest, even revolt, in food-scarce areas of the country, especially if the government fails to respond adequately. This, no doubt, will compel the CCP to deploy its armed forces nationwide to maintain order, leaving ever fewer of them available for other military purposes — another possibility absent from the Pentagon’s assessment.</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Of course, in the years to come, the U.S., too, will feel the ever more severe impacts of climate change and may itself no longer be in a position to fight wars in distant lands — a consideration also completely absent from the Pentagon report.</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><strong>The Prospects for Climate Cooperation</strong></p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Along with gauging China’s military capabilities, that annual report is required by law to consider “United States-China engagement and cooperation on security matters… including through United States-China military-to-military contacts.” And indeed, the 2022 version does note that Washington interprets such “engagement” as involving joint efforts to avert accidental or inadvertent conflict by participating in high-level Pentagon-PLA crisis-management arrangements, including what’s known as the Crisis Communications Working Group. “Recurring exchanges [like these],” the report&nbsp;<a href="https://media.defense.gov/2022/Nov/29/2003122279/-1/-1/1/2022-MILITARY-AND-SECURITY-DEVELOPMENTS-INVOLVING-THE-PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA.PDF" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">affirms</a>, “serve as regularized mechanisms for dialogue to advance priorities related to crisis prevention and management.”</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">Any effort aimed at preventing conflict between the two countries is certainly a worthy endeavor. But the report also assumes that such military friction is now inevitable and the most that can be hoped for is to prevent World War III from being ignited. However, given all we’ve already learned about the climate threat to both China and the United States, isn’t it time to move beyond mere conflict avoidance to more collaborative efforts, military and otherwise, aimed at reducing our mutual climate vulnerabilities?</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;"><b>At the moment, sadly enough, such relations sound far-fetched indeed. But it shouldn’t be so. After all, the Department of Defense has already designated climate change a vital threat to national security and has indeed called for cooperative efforts between American forces and those of other countries in overcoming climate-related dangers.</b>&nbsp;“We will elevate climate as a national security priority,” Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin&nbsp;<a href="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/04/2002593656/-1/-1/0/SECRETARY-LLOYD-J-AUSTIN-III-MESSAGE-TO-THE-FORCE.PDF" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">declared</a>&nbsp;in March 2021, “integrating climate considerations into the Department’s policies, strategies, and partner engagements.”</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">The Pentagon provided further information on such “partner engagements” in a 2021 report on the military’s vulnerabilities to climate change. “There are many ways for the Department to integrate climate considerations into international partner engagements,” that report&nbsp;<a href="https://media.defense.gov/2021/Oct/21/2002877353/-1/-1/0/DOD-CLIMATE-RISK-ANALYSIS-FINAL.PDF" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">affirmed</a>, “including supporting interagency diplomacy and development initiatives in partner nations [and] sharing best practices.” One such effort, it noted, is the Pacific Environmental Security Partnership, a network of climate specialists from that region who meet annually at the Pentagon-sponsored Pacific Environmental Security Forum.</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">At present, China is not among the nations involved in that or other Pentagon-sponsored climate initiatives. Yet, as both countries experience increasingly severe impacts from rising global temperatures and their militaries are forced to devote ever more time and resources to disaster relief, information-sharing on climate-response “best practices” will make so much more sense than girding for war over Taiwan or small uninhabited islands in the East and South China Seas (some of which will be completely underwater by century’s end). Indeed, the Pentagon and the PLA are more alike in facing the climate challenge than most of the world’s military forces and so it should be in both countries’ mutual interests to promote cooperation in the ultimate critical area for any country in this era of ours.</p><p style="font-family: Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 20px;">[quite long]</p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">=</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">an 11 22</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2022/11/green-diplomacy-united-states-china/">https://www.alternet.org/2022/11/green-diplomacy-united-states-china/</a></font></p><h2 class="widgetheadline h2" style="margin: 25px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; font-size: 1em; font-family: Helvetica; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); cursor: pointer; overflow-wrap: break-word;">gr<a class="widgetheadline-text custom-post-headline rm-stats-tracked" href="https://www.alternet.org/2022/11/green-diplomacy-united-states-china/" aria-label="Green diplomacy: What if the United States and China cooperated on climate change?" data-type="text" style="color: rgb(49, 49, 49); text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; font-family: " open="Open" sans="Sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" word-break="word-break" break-word="break-word" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height">een diplomacy: What if the United States and China cooperated on climate change?</a></h2><div class="social-author clearfix" style="zoom: 1; margin-top: 10px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 17.6px;"><a class="social-authorname rm-stats-tracked" href="https://www.alternet.org/author/michael-klare" data-type="text" style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4; display: inline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; position: relative; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif;">Michael Klare</a>&nbsp;<a class="social-authorname rm-stats-tracked" href="https://www.alternet.org/author/tomdispatch" data-type="text" style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; overflow-wrap: break-word; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4; display: inline; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; position: relative; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif;">TomDispatch</a></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="">
</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="">=</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="">the armed forces as climate mediators</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">The military’s approach to climate change could bridge the divide between believers and doubters. People who assert that protecting endangered habitats and species is trivial next to health and economic problems, and that society has time to tackle whatever threats may develop, might be persuaded to take action when they hear from respected generals and admirals that the nation’s security is at stake.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">This is already happening in some communities, such as Norfolk, Virginia, where base commanders and local officials have found common ground in addressing the area’s extreme vulnerability to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/02/08/dod-could-start-funding-base-infrastructure-fixes-sea-level-rise.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">sea level rise and hurricane-induced flooding</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Similarly, congressional Republicans – many of whom have long opposed addressing climate change – are starting to issue&nbsp;<a href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/energy/how-house-republicans-won-over-conservatives-to-gain-consensus-on-a-climate-agenda" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">plans to curb it</a>. Framing climate policy in national security terms might help win conservative support.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">The armed forces continue to plan for conventional conflicts abroad, while recognizing that climate change will affect their ability to perform their combat duties. They must, like it or not, take steps to overcome warming’s damaging impacts. In my view, it’s a message all Americans need to heed.</font></p></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">11 22</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">m<b style="">ichael T. Klare</b>&nbsp;is a&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Colleges(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Colleges (Massachusetts)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Five Colleges</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor" title="Professor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">professor</a>&nbsp;of Peace and World Security Studies, whose department is located at&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampshire_College" title="Hampshire College" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hampshire College</a>&nbsp;(Amherst, Massachusetts, USA), defense correspondent of&nbsp;<i style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Nation</a></i>&nbsp;magazine and author of&nbsp;<i style="">Resource Wars</i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i style="">Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America's Growing Petroleum Dependency</i>&nbsp;(Metropolitan). His 2019 book is,&nbsp;<i style="">All Hell Breaking Loose: the Pentagon's Perspective on Climate Change</i>&nbsp;(Metropolitan). Klare also teaches at&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst_College" title="" style="background: none;">Amherst College</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_College" title="Smith College" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Smith College</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Holyoke_College" title="Mount Holyoke College" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mount Holyoke College</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a>.</font></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Klare serves on the board of directors of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arms_Control_Association" title="Arms Control Association" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arms Control Association</a>. He is a regular contributor to many publications including&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Nation</a></i>,&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TomDispatch.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TomDispatch.com" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">TomDispatch</a></i>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Jones(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mother Jones</a></i>, and is a frequent columnist for&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_Policy_In_Focus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign Policy In Focus (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Foreign Policy In Focus</a>. He also was the narrator of the movie&nbsp;<i>Blood and Oil</i>, which was produced by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Education_Foundation" title="Media Education Foundation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Media Education Foundation</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He lives in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton,Massachusetts" title="Northampton, Massachusetts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Northampton, Massachusetts</a>. Klare is a graduate of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Columbia University</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Institute%26_University" title="Union Institute & University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Union Institute & University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; clear: left;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="margin: 0px; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="text-align: center; direction: ltr;">
</div><ul style="list-style: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#Analysis_of_US_threats_against_Iraq" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Analysis of US threats against Iraq</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#Extreme_energy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Extreme energy</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#Oil_as_an_instrument_of_national_policy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Oil as an instrument of national policy</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#The_future_of_oil" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">The future of oil</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#Bibliography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Bibliography</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#Published_articles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Published articles</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#Notes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Analysis_of_US_threats_against_Iraq">Analysis of US threats against Iraq</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In November 2005, Klare alleged that a major factor motivating the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W.Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George W. Bush administration</a>&nbsp;to attack&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Iraq</a>&nbsp;was its desire to distract attention from domestic political difficulties and to increase popularity for the President.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_perception_and_assessments_of_George_W.Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Public perception and assessments of George W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">US popular support for Bush</a>&nbsp;increased by about 10% during the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>&nbsp;and only dropped back to its previous level several months later.</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Extreme_energy">Extreme energy</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Klare originated the concept of extreme energy. Extreme energy is a range of techniques for the production of energy from&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconventional_oil" title="Unconventional oil" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">unconventional resources</a>&nbsp;which share characteristics of being environmentally damaging or risky. Examples include exploitation of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">oil sands</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_oil" title="Tight oil" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">tight oil</a>&nbsp;(shale oil) and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_oil" title="Shale oil" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">shale oil</a>&nbsp;(oil from&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">oil shale</a>),&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_drilling" title="Deepwater drilling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">deepwater drilling</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">hydraulic fracturing</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaintop_removal_mining" title="Mountaintop removal mining" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">mountaintop removal mining</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_exploration_in_the_Arctic" title="Petroleum exploration in the Arctic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">petroleum exploration in the Arctic</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathrate" title="Methane clathrate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">natural gas hydrates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Slate_3-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-Slate-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-CNN-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Oil_as_an_instrument_of_national_policy">Oil as an instrument of national policy</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The movie&nbsp;<i>Blood and Oil</i>, which came out before the end of the Bush Administration, explains Klare's view on oil as an instrument of national policy. Using sources including statements from official government sources and statements by media commentators, Klare pushes for&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative energy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">alternative energy</a>&nbsp;and warns that energy will be hard to get in the next century. The website for the movie describes the movie as follows:</font></p><blockquote style="overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 8px 32px; border-left: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The notion that oil motivates America's military engagements in the Middle East has long been dismissed as nonsense or mere conspiracy theory. Blood and Oil, a new documentary based on the critically-acclaimed work of Nation magazine defense correspondent Michael T. Klare, challenges this conventional wisdom to correct the historical record. The film unearths declassified documents and highlights forgotten passages in prominent presidential doctrines to show how concerns about oil have been at the core of American foreign policy for more than 60 years – rendering our contemporary energy and military policies virtually indistinguishable. In the end, Blood and Oil calls for a radical re-thinking of US energy policy, warning that unless we change direction, we stand to be drawn into one&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_war" title="Oil war" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">oil war</a>&nbsp;after another as the global hunt for diminishing world petroleum supplies accelerates.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></font></p></blockquote><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="The_future_of_oil">The future of oil</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In a number of articles, Klare has commented on the future of oil. In an article published on March 13, 2012, he discussed "the principal cause of higher oil prices",</span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;concluding that "a fundamental shift in the structure of the oil industry" has occurred because of "the disappearance of relatively accessible and inexpensive petroleum", and that countries will have to grasp for the harder oil in the future. In another article, he continues this thesis and suggests that&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iran" title="Sanctions against Iran" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">sanctions on Iran</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;make not only Iranians suffer, but also those that buy oil from Iran.</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;That same month, Klare noted the sensitive spots of conflict in the "Geo-energy era". They include the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Strait of Hormuz</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">East</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">South China Seas</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Caspian Sea</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;basin, and the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Arctic</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;polar region.</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;In another article in 2011, Klare expanded his thesis to something more radical. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">He noted that America and oil were falling together</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><table class="infobox" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-spacing: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; line-height: 1.5em; width: 22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External video</font></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="video icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?64308-1/rogue-states-nuclear-outlaws" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right"><i>Booknotes</i>&nbsp;interview with Klare on&nbsp;<i>Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws</i>, April 30, 1995</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C-SPAN</a></font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="video icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?164586-1/resource-wars" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">Presentation by Klare on&nbsp;<i>Resource Wars</i>, May 17, 2001</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C-SPAN</a></font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="video icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?205044-1/rising-powers-shrinking-planet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">Presentation by Klare on&nbsp;<i>Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet</i>, April 17, 2008</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C-SPAN</a></font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="video icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" />&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?305971-1/the-race-left" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">Presentation by Klare on&nbsp;<i>The Race for What's Left</i>, March 20, 2012</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C-SPAN</a></font></td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">War Without End: American Planning for the Next Vietnams&nbsp;(New York: Knopf, 1972). (Translations in Italian, Norwegian, and Spanish.)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Supplying Repression&nbsp;(New York: Field Foundation, 1978). (2nd ed., with Cynthia Arnson, Institute for Policy Studies, Washington, D.C., 1981.)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Beyond the 'Vietnam Syndrome': U.S. Interventionism in the 1980s&nbsp;(Washington, D.C.: Institute for Policy Studies, 1981).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Arms Supermarket&nbsp;(Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Low-Intensity Warfare: Counterinsurgency, Proinsurgency and Anti-terrorism in the Eighties, co-editor and contributor (New York: Pantheon, 1988).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Peace and World Security Studies: A Curriculum Guide, 6th ed., editor and contributor (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1994). (5th ed., co-editor and contributor, 1991).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lethal Commerce: The Global Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons, co-editor and contributor (Cambridge, MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1995).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws: America's Search for a New Foreign Policy&nbsp;(New York: Hill & Wang, 1995).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Scourge of Guns: The Diffusion of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Latin America, with David Andersen (Washington, D.C.: Federation of American Scientists, 1996).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">World Security: Challenges for a New Century, 3rd ed., co-editor and contributor (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998). (1st ed., co-editor and contributor, 1991; 2nd ed., co-editor and contributor, 1994.)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Light Weapons and Civil Conflict, co-editor and contributor (Lanham, MD.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict&nbsp;(New York: Owl Books, reprint edition 2002).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Blood and Oil: The Dangers and Consequences of America’s Growing Dependency on Imported Petroleum&nbsp;(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004; paperback, Owl Books, 2005).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(with&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kornbluh" title="Peter Kornbluh" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Peter Kornbluh</a>)&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Intensity_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Intensity Warfare" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Low Intensity Warfare</a>: How the USA Fights Wars Without Declaring Them&nbsp;(Methuen Publishing Ltd, 1989,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-61590-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-61590-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0-413-61590-1</a>).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet: The New Geopolitics of Energy&nbsp;(Henry Holt & Company, Incorporated, 2008,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8064-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8064-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">978-0-8050-8064-3</a>).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Race for What's Left: The Global Scramble for the World's Last Resources, Metropolitan Books; First Edition (March 13, 2012), hardcover, 320 pages,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805091262" title="Special:BookSources/0805091262" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">0805091262</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0805091267" title="Special:BookSources/978-0805091267" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">978-0805091267</a>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All Hell Breaking Loose: The Pentagon's Perspective on Climate Change, New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2019,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62779-248-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62779-248-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">978-1-62779-248-6</a>).</font></li></ul><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Published_articles">Published articles</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/3702-Shopaholic-China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Shopaholic China: chinadialogue July 2, 2010</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819210404/http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/5462" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">Russia and Georgia: All About Oil</a>&nbsp;at the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>&nbsp;(archived 2008-08-19)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041221070445/http://www.globalpublicmedia.com/transcripts/245" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">Michael Klare on the Carter Doctrine</a>&nbsp;at the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>&nbsp;(archived 2004-12-21)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monthlyreview.org/0703klare.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New Geopolitics</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creelcommission.com/interviews.php?action=show&id=8&title=A+discussion+with+Michael+T.+Klare+-+Blood+%26+Oil..&date=21-02-2006" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">"Michael Klare interviewed by Creel Commission" February 21, 2006.</a>&nbsp;also at&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928165409/http://www.jackaloperecordings.com/?p=15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">Jackalope Recordings</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciam.com/2000/0600issue/0600boutwell.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">"A Scourge of Small Arms," from Scientific American, June 2000 (with Jeffrey Boutwell).</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011116033448/http://www.pacificnews.org/jinn/stories/6.12/000622-korea.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">"New Korean War Peace Accord Spells Disaster for Pentagon War Planners," from Pacific News Service, June 22, 2000.</a>&nbsp;at the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Library of Congress</a>&nbsp;Web Archives (archived 2001-11-16)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040412204123/http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=9111" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">"Quest for Oil Drives Aid to Colombia," from Alternet, May 4, 2000.</a>&nbsp;at the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>&nbsp;(archived 2004-04-12)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/directory/bios/michael_t_klare" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">Archive of Michael Klare's articles</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nation(U.S.periodical)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nation (U.S. periodical)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Nation</a></i>&nbsp;(1999–2006).</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011116083015/http://www.pacificnews.org/jinn/stories/5.23/991124-bond.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">"New James Bond Thriller Foreshadows Real Dangers in Caucasus," from Pacific News Service, November 24, 1999.</a>&nbsp;at the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Library of Congress</a>&nbsp;Web Archives (archived 2001-11-16)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite id="CITEREFKlare1999" class="citation journal cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Klare, Michael (January 1999). "The Kalashnikov age".&nbsp;<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebulletin.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"</a></i>.&nbsp;<b>55</b>&nbsp;(1): 18–22.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999BuAtS..55a..18K" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">1999BuAtS..55a..18K</a>.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2968%2F055001009" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">10.2968/055001009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebulletin.org+%22Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists%22%5D&rft.atitle=The+Kalashnikov+age&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=18-22&rft.date=1999-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2968%2F055001009&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999BuAtS..55a..18K&rft.aulast=Klare&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Klare" class="Z3988">&nbsp;<span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" style=""><code class="cs1-code" style="background: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 2px; padding: inherit;">{{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">cite journal</a>}}</code>:&nbsp;</span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" style="">External link in&nbsp;<code class="cs1-code" style="background: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 2px; padding: inherit;"><code class="cs1-code" style="background: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 2px; padding: inherit;">|journal=</code></code>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">help</a>)</span></span></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010708052010/http://www.armscontrol.org/ACT/augsep98/mkas98.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">"Small Arms and Light Weapons: Controlling the Real Instruments of War," from Arms Control Today, August/September 1998 (with Jeffrey Boutwell).</a>&nbsp;at the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>&nbsp;(archived 2001-07-08)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite id="CITEREFKlare1997" class="citation journal cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Klare, Michael (January–February 1997).&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=owwAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">"East Asia's militaries muscle up"</a>.&nbsp;<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebulletin.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists"</a></i>. Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc.&nbsp;<b>53</b>&nbsp;(1): 56–61.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997BuAtS..53a..56K" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">1997BuAtS..53a..56K</a>.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.1997.11456701" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">10.1080/00963402.1997.11456701</a>.&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0096-3402" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right">0096-3402</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved&nbsp;<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2009-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebulletin.org+%22Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists%22%5D&rft.atitle=East+Asia%27s+militaries+muscle+up&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=56-61&rft.date=1997-01%2F1997-02&rft.issn=0096-3402&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00963402.1997.11456701&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997BuAtS..53a..56K&rft.aulast=Klare&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DowwAAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Klare" class="Z3988">&nbsp;<span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" style=""><code class="cs1-code" style="background: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 2px; padding: inherit;">{{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">cite journal</a>}}</code>:&nbsp;</span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment" style="">External link in&nbsp;<code class="cs1-code" style="background: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 2px; padding: inherit;"><code class="cs1-code" style="background: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 2px; padding: inherit;">|journal=</code></code>&nbsp;(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">help</a>)</span></span></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/en/1997/11/usmil" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg="link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg" cd31="cd31" right="right" center="center" em="em" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">"Rogue States and ‘Peer Competitors' - A New Military Strategy for Washington?" from Le Monde Diplomatique, November 1997.</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Notes...</font></span></h2><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article id="r1-1" data-handled-by-react="true" data-testid="result" data-nrn="result" class="yQDlj3B5DI5YO8c8Ulio CpkrTDP54mqzpuCSn1Fa SKlplDuh9FjtDprgoMxk" style="margin: 0px; padding: calc(var(--px-in-rem)7.2) 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-radius: var(--rounded-md); box-shadow: var(--theme-shadow-ui); cursor: pointer;"><div class="OQ_6vPwNhCeusNiEDcGp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-grow: 0;"><div class="mwuQiMOjmFJ5vmN6Vcqw B433VpEfaxl6n8VNRUDy NvMwcsUp56q4W2Z_b8E7 hAeZQDlu0XXeGwL7U722 SgSTKoqQXa0tEszD2zWF LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-url-main); vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-url-main);"><a href="https://www.hampshire.edu/academics/faculty/michael-klare" rel="noopener" target="self" data-testid="result-extras-url-link" class="Rn_JXVtoPVAFyGkcaXyK" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="Wo6ZAEmESLNUuWBkbMxx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.hampshire.edu</span><span class="oaxCunrdbQs3WQDCq3Ls" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;academics › faculty › michael-klare</span></font></a></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 BrPN5UiFwJN5HlfRhga9 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://www.hampshire.edu/academics/faculty/michael-klare" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael Klare | Hampshire College</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">413.549.4600 Michael&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>, Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute.</font></span></div></div></article></div><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article id="r1-2" data-handled-by-react="true" data-testid="result" data-nrn="result" class="yQDlj3B5DI5YO8c8Ulio CpkrTDP54mqzpuCSn1Fa SKlplDuh9FjtDprgoMxk" style="margin: 0px; padding: calc(var(--px-in-rem)7.2) 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-radius: var(--rounded-md); box-shadow: var(--theme-shadow-ui); cursor: pointer;"><div class="OQ_6vPwNhCeusNiEDcGp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-grow: 0;"><div class="mwuQiMOjmFJ5vmN6Vcqw NvMwcsUp56q4W2Z_b8E7 hAeZQDlu0XXeGwL7U722 SgSTKoqQXa0tEszD2zWF LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-url-main); vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-url-main);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="DpVR46dTZaePK29PDkz8" style="margin: -4px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; max-width: 16px; overflow: hidden;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=micael%20klare+site:www.armscontrol.org" rel="noopener" title="Search domain armscontrol.org" data-testid="result-extras-site-search-link" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.armscontrol.org.ico" height="16" width="16" loading="lazy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a href="https://www.armscontrol.org/about/Michael_Klare" rel="noopener" target="self" data-testid="result-extras-url-link" class="Rn_JXVtoPVAFyGkcaXyK" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="Wo6ZAEmESLNUuWBkbMxx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.armscontrol.org</span><span class="oaxCunrdbQs3WQDCq3Ls" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;about › Michael_Klare</span></a></font></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://www.armscontrol.org/about/Michael_Klare" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael Klare, Board Secretary and Senior Visiting Fellow</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="MILR5XIVy9h75WrLvKiq" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Sep 14, 2022</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Michael&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;mklare@armscontrol.org 202-463-8270 Michael&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;is currently the secretary for the Arms Control Association board of directors and a senior visiting fellow working on emerging technologies—such as lethal autonomous weapons and unmanned aerial vehicles—and how arms control strategies can mitigate their adverse impacts.</span></font></div></div></article></div><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article id="r1-3" data-handled-by-react="true" data-testid="result" data-nrn="result" class="yQDlj3B5DI5YO8c8Ulio CpkrTDP54mqzpuCSn1Fa SKlplDuh9FjtDprgoMxk" style="margin: 0px; padding: calc(var(--px-in-rem)7.2) 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-radius: var(--rounded-md); box-shadow: var(--theme-shadow-ui); cursor: pointer;"><div class="OQ_6vPwNhCeusNiEDcGp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-grow: 0;"><div class="mwuQiMOjmFJ5vmN6Vcqw NvMwcsUp56q4W2Z_b8E7 hAeZQDlu0XXeGwL7U722 SgSTKoqQXa0tEszD2zWF LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-url-main); vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-url-main);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="DpVR46dTZaePK29PDkz8" style="margin: -4px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; max-width: 16px; overflow: hidden;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=micael%20klare+site:www.thenation.com" rel="noopener" title="Search domain thenation.com" data-testid="result-extras-site-search-link" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.thenation.com.ico" height="16" width="16" loading="lazy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a href="https://www.thenation.com/authors/michael-t-klare/" rel="noopener" target="self" data-testid="result-extras-url-link" class="Rn_JXVtoPVAFyGkcaXyK" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="Wo6ZAEmESLNUuWBkbMxx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.thenation.com</span><span class="oaxCunrdbQs3WQDCq3Ls" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;authors › michael-t-klare</span></a></font></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://www.thenation.com/authors/michael-t-klare/" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael T. Klare | The Nation</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael T.&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>, The Nation 's defense correspondent, is professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in...</font></span></div></div></article></div><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; 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padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-url-main); vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-url-main);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="DpVR46dTZaePK29PDkz8" style="margin: -4px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; max-width: 16px; overflow: hidden;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=micael%20klare+site:twitter.com" rel="noopener" title="Search domain twitter.com" data-testid="result-extras-site-search-link" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; 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padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;mklare1</span></a></font></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://twitter.com/mklare1" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael Klare (@mklare1) / Twitter</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;(@mklare1) / Twitter Michael&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;@mklare1 Five College Professor of Peace & World Security Studies @ Amherst, Hampshire, Smith, Mt. Holyoke & UMass. since 1985. Northampton, Mass. michaelklare.com Joined August 2014 19 Following 1,766 Followers Tweets Tweets & replies Media Likes Michael&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;@mklare1 · May 31</font></span></div></div></article></div><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article id="r1-5" data-handled-by-react="true" data-testid="result" data-nrn="result" class="yQDlj3B5DI5YO8c8Ulio CpkrTDP54mqzpuCSn1Fa SKlplDuh9FjtDprgoMxk" style="margin: 0px; padding: calc(var(--px-in-rem)7.2) 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-radius: var(--rounded-md); box-shadow: var(--theme-shadow-ui); cursor: pointer;"><div class="OQ_6vPwNhCeusNiEDcGp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-grow: 0;"><div class="mwuQiMOjmFJ5vmN6Vcqw NvMwcsUp56q4W2Z_b8E7 hAeZQDlu0XXeGwL7U722 SgSTKoqQXa0tEszD2zWF LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-url-main); vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-url-main);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="DpVR46dTZaePK29PDkz8" style="margin: -4px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; max-width: 16px; overflow: hidden;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=micael%20klare+site:itif.org" rel="noopener" title="Search domain itif.org" data-testid="result-extras-site-search-link" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/itif.org.ico" height="16" width="16" loading="lazy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a href="https://itif.org/person/michael-klare/" rel="noopener" target="self" data-testid="result-extras-url-link" class="Rn_JXVtoPVAFyGkcaXyK" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="Wo6ZAEmESLNUuWBkbMxx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">https://itif.org</span><span class="oaxCunrdbQs3WQDCq3Ls" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;person › michael-klare</span></a></font></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://itif.org/person/michael-klare/" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael Klare | ITIF</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;is currently the secretary for the Arms Control Association board of directors and a senior visiting fellow working on emerging technologies—such as lethal autonomous weapons and unmanned aerial vehicles—and how arms control strategies can mitigate their adverse impacts.</font></span></div></div></article></div><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article id="r1-6" data-handled-by-react="true" data-testid="result" data-nrn="result" class="yQDlj3B5DI5YO8c8Ulio CpkrTDP54mqzpuCSn1Fa SKlplDuh9FjtDprgoMxk" style="margin: 0px; padding: calc(var(--px-in-rem)7.2) 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-radius: var(--rounded-md); box-shadow: var(--theme-shadow-ui); cursor: pointer;"><div class="OQ_6vPwNhCeusNiEDcGp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-grow: 0;"><div class="mwuQiMOjmFJ5vmN6Vcqw NvMwcsUp56q4W2Z_b8E7 hAeZQDlu0XXeGwL7U722 SgSTKoqQXa0tEszD2zWF LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-url-main); vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-url-main);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="DpVR46dTZaePK29PDkz8" style="margin: -4px 0.5em 0px 0px; 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padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="Wo6ZAEmESLNUuWBkbMxx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.coasttocoastam.com</span><span class="oaxCunrdbQs3WQDCq3Ls" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;guest › michael-t-klare</span></a></font></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/michael-t-klare/" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael T. Klare | Coast to Coast AM</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="MILR5XIVy9h75WrLvKiq" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Oct 17, 2022</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Michael T.&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;is the author of more than fifteen books, including Resource Wars and Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet. A contributor to Current History, Foreign Affairs, and the Los Angeles Times, he is the defense correspondent for The Nation and the director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts.</span></font></div></div></article></div><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article id="r1-7" data-handled-by-react="true" data-testid="result" data-nrn="result" class="yQDlj3B5DI5YO8c8Ulio CpkrTDP54mqzpuCSn1Fa SKlplDuh9FjtDprgoMxk" style="margin: 0px; padding: calc(var(--px-in-rem)7.2) 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-radius: var(--rounded-md); box-shadow: var(--theme-shadow-ui); cursor: pointer;"><div class="OQ_6vPwNhCeusNiEDcGp" style="margin: 0px; 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max-width: 16px; overflow: hidden;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=micael%20klare+site:truthout.org" rel="noopener" title="Search domain truthout.org" data-testid="result-extras-site-search-link" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/truthout.org.ico" height="16" width="16" loading="lazy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a href="https://truthout.org/authors/michael-t-klare/" rel="noopener" target="self" data-testid="result-extras-url-link" class="Rn_JXVtoPVAFyGkcaXyK" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="Wo6ZAEmESLNUuWBkbMxx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">https://truthout.org</span><span class="oaxCunrdbQs3WQDCq3Ls" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;authors › michael-t-klare</span></a></font></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://truthout.org/authors/michael-t-klare/" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael T. Klare - Truthout</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="MILR5XIVy9h75WrLvKiq" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Oct 11, 2022</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Michael T.&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author, most recently, of Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet.A documentary movie version of his previous book, Blood and Oil, is available from the Media Education Foundation.</span></font></div></div></article></div><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article id="r1-8" data-handled-by-react="true" data-testid="result" data-nrn="result" class="yQDlj3B5DI5YO8c8Ulio CpkrTDP54mqzpuCSn1Fa SKlplDuh9FjtDprgoMxk" style="margin: 0px; padding: calc(var(--px-in-rem)7.2) 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-radius: var(--rounded-md); box-shadow: var(--theme-shadow-ui); cursor: pointer;"><div class="OQ_6vPwNhCeusNiEDcGp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-grow: 0;"><div class="mwuQiMOjmFJ5vmN6Vcqw NvMwcsUp56q4W2Z_b8E7 hAeZQDlu0XXeGwL7U722 SgSTKoqQXa0tEszD2zWF LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-url-main); vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-url-main);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="DpVR46dTZaePK29PDkz8" style="margin: -4px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; max-width: 16px; overflow: hidden;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=micael%20klare+site:www.salon.com" rel="noopener" title="Search domain salon.com" data-testid="result-extras-site-search-link" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/www.salon.com.ico" height="16" width="16" loading="lazy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a href="https://www.salon.com/writer/michael_klare" rel="noopener" target="self" data-testid="result-extras-url-link" class="Rn_JXVtoPVAFyGkcaXyK" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="Wo6ZAEmESLNUuWBkbMxx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.salon.com</span><span class="oaxCunrdbQs3WQDCq3Ls" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;writer › michael_klare</span></a></font></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://www.salon.com/writer/michael_klare" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michael Klare's Articles at Salon.com</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael T.&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>&nbsp;is a professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author of "Resource Wars," "Blood and Oil," and "Rising Powers, Shrinking Planet: The New...</font></span></div></div></article></div><div class="nrn-react-div" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article id="r1-9" data-handled-by-react="true" data-testid="result" data-nrn="result" class="yQDlj3B5DI5YO8c8Ulio CpkrTDP54mqzpuCSn1Fa SKlplDuh9FjtDprgoMxk" style="margin: 0px; padding: calc(var(--px-in-rem)7.2) 10px; border: 1px solid transparent; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-radius: var(--rounded-md); box-shadow: var(--theme-shadow-ui); cursor: pointer;"><div class="OQ_6vPwNhCeusNiEDcGp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-grow: 0;"><div class="mwuQiMOjmFJ5vmN6Vcqw NvMwcsUp56q4W2Z_b8E7 hAeZQDlu0XXeGwL7U722 SgSTKoqQXa0tEszD2zWF LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-url-main); vertical-align: baseline; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-url-main);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="DpVR46dTZaePK29PDkz8" style="margin: -4px 0.5em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; max-width: 16px; overflow: hidden;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/?q=micael%20klare+site:warisacrime.org" rel="noopener" title="Search domain warisacrime.org" data-testid="result-extras-site-search-link" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><img src="https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/ip3/warisacrime.org.ico" height="16" width="16" loading="lazy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 16px;" /></a></span><a href="https://warisacrime.org/2022/03/07/tomgram-michael-klare-the-geopolitics-of-hell/" rel="noopener" target="self" data-testid="result-extras-url-link" class="Rn_JXVtoPVAFyGkcaXyK" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="Wo6ZAEmESLNUuWBkbMxx" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">https://warisacrime.org</span><span class="oaxCunrdbQs3WQDCq3Ls" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;›&nbsp;2022 › 03 › 07 › tomgram-michael-klare-the-geopolitics-of-hell</span></a></font></div></div><div class="ikg2IXiCD14iVX7AdZo1" style="margin-top: calc(var(--px-in-rem)2.1024); margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: calc(var(--px-in-rem)*4.09696); margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h2 class="LnpumSThxEWMIsDdAT17 CXMyPcQ6nDv47DKFeywM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-title-main); vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: var(--letter-spacing-result-title-main); position: relative;"><a href="https://warisacrime.org/2022/03/07/tomgram-michael-klare-the-geopolitics-of-hell/" rel="noopener" target="self" class="eVNpHGjtxRBq_gLOfGDr LQNqh2U1kzYxREs65IJu" data-testid="result-title-a" data-handled-by-react="true" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; display: block;"><span class="EKtkFWMYpwzMKOYr0GYm LQVY1Jpkk8nyJ6HBWKAk" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: inherit; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Tomgram: Michael Klare, The Geopolitics of Hell - War Is A Crime</font></span></a></h2></div><div class="E2eLOJr8HctVnDOTM8fs" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="OgdwYG6KE2qthn9XQWFC" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: var(--line-height-result-snippet-main); vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="MILR5XIVy9h75WrLvKiq" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Mar 7, 2022</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">By Michael&nbsp;<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Klare</span>. Russia's invasion of Ukraine has been widely described as the beginning of a new cold war, much like the old one in both its cast of characters and ideological nature. "In the contest between democracy and autocracy, between sovereignty and subjugation, make no mistake — freedom will prevail," President Biden asserted ...</span></font></div></div></article></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">==</font></div>