Druckenmiller, $

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They may disagree on politics, but they earned fortunes together. Thehedge fund investor George Soros, who earned $1 billion in a bet against theBritish pound in 1992, is a prominent liberal donor and philanthropist whohas given $1 million to a super PAC backing Hillary Rodham Clinton. Hispartner on that trade was Stanley F. Druckenmiller, who would become aprominent hedge fund manager in his own right, and is now close to Gov.Chris Christie of New Jersey, a Republican. Mr. Druckenmiller is a strongadvocate of reduced spending on entitlement programs, which he has called“current seniors stealing from future seniors.” He has put a total of more than$300,000 behind Mr. Christie, Jeb Bush and Gov. John R. Kasich of Ohio.</div><div style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">==</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">Meet the Hedge Funders and Billionaires Who Pillage Under the Shield of Philanthropy</div><div style="font-weight: normal;">
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<div style="font-weight: normal;">For every dollar they give, they take 44 from the rest of us.</div><div style="font-weight: normal;">
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<div style="font-weight: normal;">By Lynn Stuart Parramore / AlterNet July 29, 2015</div>

<div style="font-weight: normal;">America’s parasitical oligarchs are masters of public relations. One of their favorite tactics is to masquerade as defenders of the common folk while neatly arranging things behind the scenes so that they can continue to plunder unimpeded. Perhaps nowhere is this sleight of hand displayed so artfully as it is at a particular high-profile charity with the nerve to bill itself as itself as “New York's largest poverty-fighting organization.”</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">British novelist Anthony Trollope once wrote, “I have sometimes thought that there is no being so venomous, so bloodthirsty as a professed philanthropist.”</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">Meet the benevolent patrons of the Robin Hood Foundation.</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">Robin Hood in Reverse</div>

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<div>The Robin Hood Foundation, named for that green-jerkined hero of redistribution who stole from the rich to give to the poor, is run, ironically, by some of the most rapacious capitalists the country has ever produced — men who make robber barons of previous generations look like small-time crooks. Founded by hedge fund mogul Paul Tudor Jones, the foundation boasts 19 billionaires on its leadership boards and committees, the likes of which include this sample of American plutocracy:</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">-Hedge fund billionaire Steven A. Cohen, who, when he is not being probed for insider trading  (his company, SAC Capital Advisors, pled guilty to securities and wire fraud) is busy throwing parties for himself worthy of a Roman emperor at his Hamptons palace and bragging about his $700 million art collection. He suspends a 13-foot shark in formaldehyde from the ceiling his office, perhaps as an avatar of his business practices.</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">-Billionaire Home Depot founder Ken Langone, who threatened to turn off the charity donations if Pope Francis dared to continue criticizing capitalism and inequality, and also likened the plight of the wealthy in America to Nazi Germany. The GOP megadonor doesn’t care for bank regulation and it’s no surprise that he is the main booster for New Jersey Governor Chris Christie’s presidential bid, as his plan to shred Social Security is a fond wish of the tycoon’s.</div>

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<div>- Hedge fund billionaire Stanley Druckenmiller, funder of right-wing causes who dedicates himself to spreading deficit hysteria and ginning up generational warfare on college campuses by trying to convince young people that they are being robbed by seniors using Social Security and Medicare. A long-time anti-tax crusader and supporter of such anti-labor enthusiasts as Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker, Druckenmiller warned President Obama that any attempt to tax the rich to pay for social services for the poor would be futile.</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">By occupation (the more useless and parasitical the better), it comes as no surprise that 12 of the 19 men in leadership positions at the Robin Hood Foundation happen to be hedge fund managers. A group called Hedge Clippers, supported by a coalition of labor unions and community groups and devoted to exposing how billionaires scheme to inflate their wealth and influence, has pointed out in a scathing report that the Robin Hood Foundation has close ties to an organization called the Managed Funds Association (MFA) that — shocker! —lobbies tirelessly for unjustified tax breaks for hedgies. Paul Tudor Jones’s top deputy, John Torell, chairs the MFA, and 31 members of Robin Hood’s governing board and leadership committees are executives at firms that belong to the highest membership levels of the organization.</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">The MFA was relatively small until 2007, when Congress started eyeing the “carried interest” tax loophole. Then it brought out the heavy artillery to protect elites from paying their fair share. The carried interest loophole is the MFA’s top priority.</div>

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<div style="font-weight: normal;">The King of Scams</div>

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-----------<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">America's very rich keep trying to start a movement among college students to blame senior citizens for the sorry state of the economy that kids will inherit. Specifically, the billionaires keep trying to scapegoat Social Security.This is part of the public relations effort to create a "grand bargain" to cut America's (fast-declining) budget deficit. The Peter G. Peterson Foundation has spent about a billion dollars of Peterson's own money to create faux movements to get students to take up this unlikely cause.The latest of the billionaires to try this gambit is Stanley Druckenmiller, net worth estimated at $2.9 billion, former head of the hedge fund Duquesne Capital. Druckenmiller's personal campus crusade has been the subject of two fawning profiles, one by Tom Friedman in Wednesday's <em style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline;">Times, the other by James Freeman in Saturday's Wall Street Journal.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Druckenmiller's campus crusade is based on such preposterous economics that I hereby challenge him to a college debate or series of debates. <a href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303680404579141790296396688" target="hplink" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Freeman's puff piece in the Journal</a> begins thus:<blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 15px; direction: ltr; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); line-height: 21px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">Stan Druckenmiller makes an unlikely class warrior. He's a member of the 1% -- make that the 0.001% -- one of the most successful money managers of all time, and 60 years old to boot. But lately he has been touring college campuses promoting a message of income redistribution you don't hear out of Washington. It's how federal entitlements like Medicare and Social Security are letting Mr. Druckenmiller's generation rip off all those doting Barack Obama voters in Generation X, Y and Z. "I have been shocked at the reception. I had planned to only visit Bowdoin, " his alma mater in Maine, he says. But he has since been invited to multiple campuses, and even the kids at Stanford and Berkeley have welcomed his theme of generational theft.<div class="ql" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><div class="qr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Tom Friedman column, titled, "<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/friedman-sorry-kids-we-ate-it-all.html?r=1&" target="hplink" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sorry, Kids. We Ate It All</a>.," which I <a href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/2013/10/17/tom_friedman039s_worst_column_ever_318057.html" target="hplink" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">addressed in the American Prospect Thursday</a>, Friedman wrote:<blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 15px; direction: ltr; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); line-height: 21px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">After we baby boomers get done retiring -- at a rate of 7,000 to 11,000 a day -- if current taxes and entitlement promises are not reformed, the cupboard will be largely bare for today's Facebook generation. But what are the chances of them getting out of Facebook and into their parents' faces -- and demanding not only that the wealthy do their part but that the next generation as a whole leaves something for this one? Too bad young people aren't paying attention. Or are they? Wait! Who is that speaking to crowds of students at Berkeley, Stanford, Brown, U.S.C., Bowdoin, Notre Dame and N.Y.U. -- urging these "future seniors" to start a movement to protect their interests? That's Stan Druckenmiller, the legendary investor...<div class="ql" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /><div class="qr" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" /></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Where to start? If you itemize all the reasons why recent college graduates face a wretched economy, Social Security doesn't even make the list. What does make the list are unreliable jobs that pay lousy wages, the aftereffects of a financial bubble created on Wall Street, and unaffordable college that leaves graduates starting life with more than a trillion dollars worth of debt.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The next generation, and the one after that, will have a shot at a decent life if we can get growth and a fairer distribution of earnings back on track. That project has nothing whatever to do with Social Security or the federal deficit. On the contrary, if we keep on the austerity kick and further cut social outlays that promote opportunities, growth will be even slower.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The biggest lie in Druckenmiller's crusade is the premise that the income distribution problem is somehow generational and that he, as a billionaire, has anything whatever in common with most college students or most recipients of Social Security. One of his pitches to students is that Social Security is excessive because he, a very wealthy man, receives it but doesn't need it.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But for the vast majority of the elderly, Social Security is a lifeline, and a meager one at that. Some two-thirds of all seniors depend on Social Security for half of their income. Fully 46 percent of elderly widows and other unmarried seniors depend on Social Security for at least 90 percent of their income.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The entire projected 75-year shortfall in the Social Security trust funds that conservatives make such a big deal about is around one percent of GDP per year. We could make it up with modest tax increases on wealthy people like Druckenmiller.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Since Social Security is financed by payroll taxes -- on wage and salary income -- the real Social Security crisis is the crisis of stagnant wages. If average wages had continued to track average productivity growth during the past three decades, as they did in the three decades after World War II, Social Security would be in perpetual surplus.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The real crisis facing the elderly is not that Social Security is excessive but that it's inadequate -- especially with the collapse of traditional pensions in favor of far less reliable 401k plans (another counter-revolution made on Wall Street.)<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There is a certain moral blindness and chutzpah of very wealthy people trying to enlist students in a generational movement against the alleged affluence of their grandparents. The real issue here is not generation, but class, specifically Druckenmiller's class.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Contrary to the claim in writer Freeman's opening sentence -- that Druckenmiller makes "an unlikely class warrior," his crusade is precisely class war, of the sort we have been seeing for decades -- of the very wealthy against everyone else.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Happily, most of America's students don't seem to be taking the bait. None of Pete Peterson's front groups has had much resonance on campus -- not his "Fiscal Wake-Up Tour," nor "Fix the Debt," nor more far-fetched groups aimed a college students such as "America's Promise Alliance," nor the foundation's poetry contest aimed at battling deficits in verse.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">However, these crusades do have a certain resonance among media elites and even in the Obama White House. As we go into the next phase of a trumped up budget crisis, with Social Security and Medicare as targets A and B, the politics and economics could not be more perverse.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So how about it Mr. Druckenmiller? If you are so sure of the righteousness of your cause, how about defending yourself in a campus debate?<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; direction: ltr; line-height: 21px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Robert Kuttner's new book is <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Debtors-Prison-Politics-Austerity-Possibility/dp/0307959805" target="hplink" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Debtors' Prison: The Politics of Austerity Versus Possibility</a>. He is co-editor of The American Prospect and a senior Fellow at Demos.<h2 class="title" style="margin: 13px 0px 9px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0.94em; border-color: rgb(154, 154, 154); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="journal-entry-navigation-current" href="http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/grants-for-k-12-education/druckenmiller-foundation-grants-for-k-12-education.html" style="text-decoration: none; line-height: 1.2em;">Druckenmiller Foundation: Grants for K-12 Education</a></h2><div class="body" style="margin: 1em 0px; line-height: 25.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">OVERVIEW: Now into its third decade, the foundation of retired hedge fund manager Stanley Druckenmiller and his wife Fiona is a major operation, with around $1 billion in assets and tens of millions of dollars in annual giving. Education is among the couple's top interests.  IP TAKE: While this funder's main K-12 commitment has been to the Harlem Children's Zone, money flows to other education groups, too, and the foundation has ramped up its giving in recent years. Unfortunately, the foundation has no website or clear grant application process.PROFILE: Stanley Druckenmiller once had aspirations of being an English professor and received an undergraduate degree from Bowdoin College before moving into finance. Druckenmiller founded his own investment firm, Duquesne Capital Management, which he ran until he retired in 2010. His retirement coincided with a huge uptick in his philanthropy, channeled through the Druckenmiller Foundation, which he runs with his wife Fiona, a Wall Street executive turned business owner. Founded in 1993, the foundation's recent tax filings show $1 billion in assets and giving in the neighborhood of $75 million per year. A substantial amount of that money went to education causes. The largest K-12 beneficiary by far in in recent years is Harlem Children's Zone, a children's education and antipoverty outfit in Harlem, New York. Druckenmiller chairs the organization, having been successfully courted by fellow Bowdoin alumnus and friend Geoffrey Canada. Canada came to Druckenmiller to help fund his project, and Druckenmiller agreed, provided he was allowed to build the board.Druckenmiller once said of his philanthropy: "I like putting all my eggs in one basket and then watching that basket carefully.” This certainly appears to be his strategy when it comes to Harlem Children's Zone. The funds Druckenmillher has provided to Harlem Children's Zone total well over $100 million, and in one recent year alone, the foundation awarded HCZ a whopping $30 million. Yet the Druckenmillers have put smaller eggs in other baskets, too, and the couple appears to be passionate about preparing kids for college and supporting them once they get there. In recent years, several million dollars have gone to College Summit in Washington D.C., a nonprofit organization with a stated mission to increase youth college enrollment rates in low-income communities. The Druckenmiller Foundation also has a special "Oakmont Scholarship," offered exclusively to current or former caddies at Oakmont Country Club to help pay for their undergraduate educations.Druckenmiller clearly has an interest in education reform and fighting poverty and inequality. The couple has been a past funder of Teach for America, providing $100,000 annually in two recent years. Smaller sums have gone to Harlem Village Academies, Storefront Academy, Prep for Prep, Children’s Scholarship Fund, and Success Academy Charter Schools. In addition, a rare international donation recently went to Reaching U, a nonprofit focused on providing educational opportunities to children living in poverty in Uruguay. Closer to home, the couple also has deep ties to Spence School, a K-12 all girls private school that received more than $10 million over the course of two recent years. Fiona Druckenmiller is an alumna of the school, as are the Druckenmillers' kids, and Fiona served as a trustee at Spence for many years. The Robin Hood Foundation has also been a recipient of significant funding (Robin Hood cofounder Paul Tudor Jones and Druckenmiller have been friends for years). Beyond Druckenmiller's support for K-12 causes, the foundation's philanthropic arm has also extended high-level funding to a diversity of recipients that have recently included a number of universities (among them, not surprisingly, Druckenmiller's alma mater Bowdoin) as well as environmental, medical, journalism, and animal welfare organizations.  With a net worth well into the billions, Druckenmiller has been moving funds through his foundation at a fast rate. This is someone to watch. Alas, the Druckenmiller Foundation has no website or apparent process by which an organization can apply for grants. PEOPLE:<ul style="list-style-type: square; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2em;"><li>Stanley F. Druckenmiller, Trustee</li><li>Fiona Druckenmiller, Trustee</li></ul>CONTACT:<div id="mcePaste">40 W. 57th St., 25th Fl.</div><div>New York, NY 10019</div><div id="mcePaste">Telephone: (212) 404-1150</div></div>http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/08/24/billionaire-investors-make-massive-bets-on-gold-and-airlines/<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 21px; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-margin-before: 0px; -webkit-margin-after: 0px; -webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Druckenmiller Sees Gold as a “Home Run”</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-margin-before: 0px; -webkit-margin-after: 0px; -webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Druckenmiller has commented in the past that if he sees something that really excites him, he’ll bet the ranch on it.<div id="article-0-inread" article-ad-inbody="inread" class="inread ng-isolate-scope inread-active" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 21px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-margin-before: 0px; -webkit-margin-after: 0px; -webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“The way to build long-term returns is through preservation of capital and home runs,” he said. “Grind it out until you’re up 30 to 40 percent, and then if you have the convictions, go for a 100-percent year.”<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-margin-before: 0px; -webkit-margin-after: 0px; -webkit-padding-start: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">While I have always advocated for a diversified approach, this all-in approach has served him well. Between 1986 and 2010, the year he closed his fund to investors, Druckenmiller consistently delivered 30 percent on an average annual basis. Thirty percent a year! That’s a superhuman, Michael Jordan-caliber performance—or Ted Williams, if we want to stick to baseball imagery. The point is that words such as “legendary” and “titan” were invented with people like Druckenmiller in mind.wiki<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 17.92px;">Stanley Freeman Druckenmiller<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-gas1-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> (born June 14, 1953) is an American <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hedge fund</a> manager, he is the former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman" title="Chairman" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Chairman</a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President" title="President" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">President</a> of Duquesne Capital, which he founded in 1981. He closed the fund in August 2010 because he felt unable to deliver high returns to his clients.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-ForbesBillionaires-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a> At the time of closing, Duquesne Capital had over $12 billion in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">assets</a>.From 1988 to 2000, he managed money for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">George Soros</a> as the lead portfolio manager for Quantum Fund.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> He is reported to have made $260 million in 2008.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Early_life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1Early life</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Career" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2Career</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Trading_style_and_philosophy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2.1Trading style and philosophy</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Pittsburgh_Steelers" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2.2Pittsburgh Steelers</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Retirement" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2.3Retirement</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Philanthropy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3Philanthropy</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Political_activities" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4Political activities</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Personal_life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5Personal life</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#Further_reading" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6Further reading</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">7References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">8External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Early life[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Druckenmiller was born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pennsylvania</a>, the son of Anne and Stanley Thomas Druckenmiller, a chemical engineer.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-gas1-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> He grew up in a middle-class household in the suburbs of Philadelphia.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-gas1-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> His parents divorced when he was in elementary school and he went to live with his father in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbstown,New_Jersey" title="Gibbstown, New Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Gibbstown, New Jersey</a> (a section of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Township,Gloucester_County,New_Jersey" title="Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey</a>) and then in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Richmond, Virginia</a> (his sisters, Helen and Salley, would stay with their mother in Philadelphia).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-gas1-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> Druckenmiller is a graduate of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegiate_School(Richmond,Virginia)" title="Collegiate School (Richmond, Virginia)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Collegiate School</a>, Richmond, Virginia. In 1975, he received a BA in English and economics from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bowdoin College</a>(where he opened a hot dog stand with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_B.Lindsey" title="Lawrence B. Lindsey" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Lawrence B. Lindsey</a>, who later became economic policy adviser to President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">George W. Bush</a>).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-gas1-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> He dropped out of a three-year Ph.D. program in economics at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Michigan</a> in the middle of the second semester to accept a position as an oil analyst for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_National_Bank" title="Pittsburgh National Bank" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pittsburgh National Bank</a>.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Career[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Career" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Druckenmiller began his financial career in 1977 as a management trainee at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNC_Financial_Services" title="PNC Financial Services" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pittsburgh National Bank</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a> He became head of the bank's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_research" title="Equity research" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">equity research</a> group after one year. In 1981, he founded his own firm, Duquesne Capital Management.In 1985, he became a consultant to Dreyfus, splitting his time between Pittsburgh and New York, where he lived two days each week. He moved to Pittsburgh full-time in 1986, when he was named head of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreyfus_Fund" title="Dreyfus Fund" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Dreyfus Fund</a>. As part of his agreement with Dreyfus, he also maintained management of Duquesne. In 1988, he was hired by George Soros to replace <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Niederhoffer" title="Victor Niederhoffer" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Victor Niederhoffer</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Fund" title="Quantum Fund" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Quantum Fund</a>. He and Soros famously "broke the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bank of England</a>" when they shorted British <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">pound sterling</a> in 1992, reputedly making more than $1 billion in profits. They calculated that the Bank of England did not have enough foreign currency reserves with which to buy enough sterling to prop up the currency and that raising interest rates would be politically unsustainable.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-bloomberg.com-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a> He left Soros in 2000 after taking large losses in technology stocks.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a>Since then, he has concentrated full-time on Duquesne Capital. He is profiled in the book <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Market_Wizards" title="The New Market Wizards" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The New Market Wizards</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_D.Schwager" title="Jack D. Schwager" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jack D. Schwager</a>. According to Bloomberg News, on August 18, 2010, Druckenmiller announced the closing of his hedge fund "telling investors he'd been worn down by the stress of trying to maintain one of the best trading records in the industry while managing an 'enormous amount of capital.'"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-bloomberg.com-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a> Duquesne Capital Management posts an average annual return of 30 percent without any money-losing year. His funds were down for about 5 percent when he announced his retirement in August. However, they had since erased the losses and closed with a small gain through successful bets that the market would rally in anticipation that the Federal Reserve would announce further "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_easing" title="Quantitative easing" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Quantitative Easing</a>" to assist in reducing unemployment and avoid deflation.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;">Trading style and philosophy<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Trading style and philosophy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>Druckenmiller is a top-down investor who adopts a similar trading style as George Soros by holding a group of stocks long, a group of stocks short, and uses leverage to trade futures and currency.<h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;">Pittsburgh Steelers<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Pittsburgh Steelers" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>In July 2008, Druckenmiller emerged as a potential investor in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers" title="Pittsburgh Steelers" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pittsburgh Steelers</a> franchise of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Football League</a>. The five sons of Steelers founder Art Rooney Sr. were working to restructure ownership of the team, and Druckenmiller was contacted by a member or representative of the Rooney family about buying the shares of several of the Rooney brothers. On September 18, Druckenmiller withdrew his bid to purchase the team.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a>Former Steelers President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Rooney" title="Dan Rooney" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Dan Rooney</a> stated that he has no ill will toward Druckenmiller, mentioning that he hopes the financier remains a great <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steeler_Nation" title="Steeler Nation" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Steelers fan</a>.<h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none;">Retirement<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Retirement" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>According to the Wall Street Journal, on August 18, 2010 Druckenmiller "told clients that he's returning their money and ending his firm's 30-year run, citing the 'high emotional toll' of not performing up to his own expectations." He indicated it was not easy to make big profits while handling very large sums of money.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Philanthropy[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Philanthropy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>In 2009, Druckenmiller was the most charitable man in America,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a> giving $705 million to foundations that support medical research, education, and anti-poverty, including a $100 million gift to found a Neuroscience Institute at NYU School of Medicine.Druckenmiller is also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Board" title="Chairman of the Board" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Chairman of the Board</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Children%27s_Zone" title="Harlem Children's Zone" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Harlem Children's Zone</a>, a multi-faceted, community-based project. Harlem Children's Zone was founded by Druckenmiller's college friend and fellow <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bowdoin College</a> alumnus <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Canada" title="Geoffrey Canada" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Geoffrey Canada</a>. In 2006, Druckenmiller gave $25 million to the organization. In 2013, Druckenmiller and Canada toured college campuses urging reform in taxation, health care, and Social Security to ensure <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergenerational_equity" title="Intergenerational equity" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">intergenerational equity</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a>Druckenmiller and his wife are also principal sponsors of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS_Walk_New_York" title="AIDS Walk New York" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">New York City AIDS walk</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a>The Stanley F. Druckenmiller Hall, built in 1997 at Bowdoin College, is named after Druckenmiller's grandfather and was dedicated to Bowdoin by Druckenmiller himself.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Political activities[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=7&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Political activities" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Druckenmiller advocates reducing spending on entitlement programs such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Social_Security" title="United States Social Security" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Social Security</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-lichtblau-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a> Druckenmiller is a major supporter of Republican Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Chris Christie</a> of New Jersey.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-barbaro-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a> In 2015, Druckenmiller donated $300,000 total to the presidential candidacies of Christie, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jeb Bush</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">John Kasich</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-lichtblau-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Personal life[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=8&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Personal life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Druckenmiller has been married twice. In 1976, he married his high school sweetheart; they divorced in 1980.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-gas1-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> In 1988, Druckenmiller married Fiona Katharine Biggs, niece of investor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton_Biggs" title="Barton Biggs" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Barton Biggs</a>. The service was conducted by an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Episcopalian</a> priest.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[17]</a> Druckenmiller has three daughters with Biggs.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_note-ForbesBillionaires-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Further reading[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=9&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Further reading" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><cite class="citation book" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Mallaby" title="Sebastian Mallaby" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Mallaby, Sebastian</a> (2010). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/More_Money_Than_God" title="More Money Than God" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">More Money Than God: Hedge Funds and the Making of a New Elite</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft.aulast=Mallaby&rft.btitle=More+Money+Than+God%3A+Hedge+Funds+and+the+Making+of+a+New+Elite&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><cite class="citation book" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_D.Schwager" title="Jack D. Schwager" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Schwager, Jack D.</a> (1995). The New Market Wizards. 13 pages: Wiley; New Ed edition. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-13236-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-13236-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">0-471-13236-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.aufirst=Jack+D.&rft.aulast=Schwager&rft.btitle=The+New+Market+Wizards&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-471-13236-5&rft.place=13+pages&rft.pub=Wiley%3B+New+Ed+edition&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">References[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=10&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-Bloomberg_Billionaires_Index-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-Bloomberg_Billionaires_Index_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-15/druckenmiller-bets-on-market-surprise-with-china-boom-oil-rise" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">[1]</a> April 2015</li><li id="cite_note-gas1-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-gas1_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-gas1_2-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-gas1_2-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">c</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-gas1_2-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">d</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-gas1_2-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">e</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-gas1_2-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/sports/steelers/steelers-suitor-stanley-druckenmiller-has-always-been-good-at-making-money-406362/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: "Steelers' suitor Stanley Druckenmiller has always been good at making money" By Bill Toland</a> August 17, 2008]</li><li id="cite_note-ForbesBillionaires-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-ForbesBillionaires_3-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-ForbesBillionaires_3-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbes.com/profile/stanley-druckenmiller/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Forbes: The World's Billionaires - Stanley Druckenmiller</a> March 2013</li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Lawrence Delevingne (July 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/101838762#." style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Druckenmiller: Fed policy 'fraught with unappreciated risk'"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">CNBC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=Druckenmiller%3A+Fed+policy+%27fraught+with+unappreciated+risk%27&rft.au=Lawrence+Delevingne&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Fid%2F101838762%23.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topforexbrokers.org/about-forex/the-most-successful-traders.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"The Top 5 Forex Traders of All Time"</a>. Topforexbrokers.org. 2011-02-16. Retrieved 2012-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.btitle=The+Top+5+Forex+Traders+of+All+Time&rft.date=2011-02-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topforexbrokers.org%2Fabout-forex%2Fthe-most-successful-traders.html&rft.pub=Topforexbrokers.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-bloomberg.com-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-bloomberg.com_6-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-bloomberg.com_6-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Burton, Katherine (August 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-18/druckenmiller-calls-it-quits-after-30-years-as-hedge-fund-job-gets-tougher.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Druckenmiller Calls It Quits After 30 Years as Job Gets Tougher"</a>. Bloomberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=Druckenmiller+Calls+It+Quits+After+30+Years+as+Job+Gets+Tougher&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-08-18%2Fdruckenmiller-calls-it-quits-after-30-years-as-hedge-fund-job-gets-tougher.html&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Martin, Mitchell (April 29, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/29/business/worldbusiness/29iht-soros.2.t.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Soros Shuffles Management as Big Funds Struggle"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=Soros+Shuffles+Management+as+Big+Funds+Struggle&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.date=2000-04-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F04%2F29%2Fbusiness%2Fworldbusiness%2F29iht-soros.2.t.html&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Burton, Katherine; Kishan, Saijel (November 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-11-05/druckenmiller-alumni-said-to-start-hedge-fund-with-5-billion-of-capital.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Duquesne Alumni Said to Start New Hedge Fund With $5 Billion"</a>. Bloomberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=Duquesne+Alumni+Said+to+Start+New+Hedge+Fund+With+%245+Billion&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.au=Kishan%2C+Saijel&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.date=2010-11-06&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-11-05%2Fdruckenmiller-alumni-said-to-start-hedge-fund-with-5-billion-of-capital.html&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Dulac, Gerry (2008-09-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08262/913323-66.stm?cmpid=sports.xml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Druckenmiller withdraws name from Steelers sale"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a>. Retrieved 2008-09-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=Druckenmiller+withdraws+name+from+Steelers+sale&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft.aulast=Dulac&rft.date=2008-09-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.post-gazette.com%2Fpg%2F08262%2F913323-66.stm%3Fcmpid%3Dsports.xml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Dealbook (August 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/08/18/druckenmiller-to-shutter-his-hedge-fund/?r=0" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Druckenmiller to Shutter His Hedge Fund"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=Druckenmiller+to+Shutter+His+Hedge+Fund&rft.au=Dealbook&rft.date=2010-08-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F18%2Fdruckenmiller-to-shutter-his-hedge-fund%2F%3F_r%3D0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation journal" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Di Mento, Maria; Preston, Caroline (February 11, 2010). "A Slow Year for Big Gifts Spurs Wealthy Donors to Creativity". <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chronicle_of_Philanthropy" title="The Chronicle of Philanthropy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Chronicle of Philanthropy</a> XXII (6): 25–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=A+Slow+Year+for+Big+Gifts+Spurs+Wealthy+Donors+to+Creativity&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.aulast=Di+Mento&rft.au=Preston%2C+Caroline&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Philanthropy&rft.pages=25-26&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=XXII" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Friedman, Thomas L (2013-10-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/opinion/friedman-sorry-kids-we-ate-it-all.html?r=0" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Sorry, Kids. We Ate It All"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved 2013-10-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=Sorry%2C+Kids.+We+Ate+It+All&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F10%2F16%2Fopinion%2Ffriedman-sorry-kids-we-ate-it-all.html%3F_r%3D0&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation pressrelease" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aidswalk.net/newyork/about/news/05/20/2012/press-release-results" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"45,000 Walkers Raising $6 Million Prove AIDS Walk New York Steps Still Lead the Way"</a> (Press release). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS_Walk_New_York" title="AIDS Walk New York" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">AIDS Walk New York</a>. May 20, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.btitle=45%2C000+Walkers+Raising+%246+Million+Prove+AIDS+Walk+New+York+Steps+Still+Lead+the+Way&rft.date=2012-05-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aidswalk.net%2Fnewyork%2Fabout%2Fnews%2F05%2F20%2F2012%2Fpress-release-results&rft.pub=AIDS+Walk+New+York&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bowdoin.edu/about/campus/tour/druckenmiller-science-center/index.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Stanley F. Druckenmiller Hall"</a>. Bowdoin College. Retrieved 2012-07-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.btitle=Stanley+F.+Druckenmiller+Hall&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bowdoin.edu%2Fabout%2Fcampus%2Ftour%2Fdruckenmiller-science-center%2Findex.shtml&rft.pub=Bowdoin+College&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-lichtblau-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-lichtblau_15-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-lichtblau_15-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Lichtblau, Eric (10 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/us/politics/wealthy-families-presidential-candidates.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"From Fracking to Finance, a Torrent of Campaign Cash"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved 15 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=From+Fracking+to+Finance%2C+a+Torrent+of+Campaign+Cash&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Lichtblau&rft.date=2015-10-10&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F10%2F11%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fwealthy-families-presidential-candidates.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-barbaro-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-barbaro_16-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Barbaro, Michael (2 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/03/us/politics/Christies-Camp-Mobilizes-to-Salvage-White-House-Hopes.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Christie’s Camp Mobilizes to Salvage White House Hopes"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved 15 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStanley+Druckenmiller&rft.atitle=Christie%99s+Camp+Mobilizes+to+Salvage+White+House+Hopes&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Barbaro&rft.date=2015-05-02&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F05%2F03%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2FChristies-Camp-Mobilizes-to-Salvage-White-House-Hopes.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Druckenmiller#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/04/style/fiona-k-biggs-wed-in-nevada.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">New York Times: "Fiona K. Biggs Wed in Nevada"</a> September 04, 1988</li></ol></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">External links[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit&section=11&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation" style="margin: 0px 104.15px; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(244, 196, 48); background: rgb(251, 251, 251);"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;"><div style="width: 52px;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; width: 745.2px;">This article's use of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Druckenmiller&action=edit" style="text-decoration: none; padding: 0px !important; background: none !important;">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links.2C_images.2C_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">excessive</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">footnote references</a>. (July 2012)</td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/LY6W.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">2006 Forbes List of World's Richest</a> (includes photo)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bowdoin.edu/news/archives/1bowdoincampus/000460.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; 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padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Stanley Druckenmiller and George Soros, a Hedge Fund Pair</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/18/business/profile-soros-s-alter-ego-low-profile-very-high-returns.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Soros's Alter Ego: Low Profile, Very High Returns," The New York Times, 1993</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turtletrader.com/trader-druckenmiller.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Excerpt from The New Market Wizards profile at Turtle Trader</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seekingalpha.com/article/81591-george-soros-and-stanley-druckenmiller-on-outstanding-long-term-returns" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Excerpt from The New Market Wizards profile at Seeking Alpha</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=a0OfuYxe7n7g&refer=home" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Simons Deposes Paulson as Top-Paid Hedge Fund CEO, Survey Says," Bloomberg</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_576679.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"'Low key' billionaire eyes Steelers," Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, July 2008</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3596666" style="text-decoration: none; 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padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("");" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Steelers' suitor Stanley Druckenmiller has always been good at making money,"</a> Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, August 17, 2008</li></ul></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 5px; 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