Bolten, Josh

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not to be confused with John Boltonbiz roundtable good corp cit BSbrooks bros, gulf oil spill PR/ lobby for BPfired AG's for failure to do evil BSchronology <a href="http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=joshua_bolten">http://www.historycommons.org/entity.jsp?entity=joshua_bolten</a>

=<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric</a><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Environmental records[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emerson_Electric&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Environmental records" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2>Researchers at the University of Massachusetts (UMass) Amherst have identified Emerson as the 97th largest corporate producer of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution_in_the_United_States" title="Air pollution in the United States" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);">air pollution in the United States</a>, down from its previous rank of 56th. Major pollutants indicated by the study include nickel compounds, manganese, diisocyanate, and lead.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[19]</a><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Corporate relationships[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emerson_Electric&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Corporate relationships" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Emerson's brands acquisitions[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emerson_Electric&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Emerson's brands acquisitions" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h3>On December 22, 2014, Emerson announced the acquisition of Scotland-based Cascade Technologies Ltd., expanding their gas-analysis portfolio with laser-based measurement analyzers and systems for enhanced industrial emissions monitoring, production efficiencies and regulatory compliance.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[20]</a> Other main Emerson acquisitions and brands include:<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="margin-top: 0.3em; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); column-width: 30em;"><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Advanced Protection Technologies</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMS_Device_Manager" title="AMS Device Manager" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">AMS Suite</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americangovernor.com/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/external-link-ltr-icon.svg?b4b84") right center no-repeat; padding-right: 13px;">American Governor Company</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Aperture</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">APM Automation Solutions</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Alco Controls</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Appleton Group (formerly EGS Electrical Group)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Artesyn (spun off on Jan 2014)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">ASCO International (sold to Schneider Electric in 2017)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">ASCO Numatics</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Astec (spun off on Jan 2014)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aventics" title="Aventics" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Aventics</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avocent" title="Avocent" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Avocent</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Avtron Loadbank</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Bettis</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branson_Ultrasonics" title="Branson Ultrasonics" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Branson</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Bristol Babcock</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Cascade Technologies Ltd</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_Group" title="Chloride Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chloride Group</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromalox" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromalox" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chromalox</a> (sold to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="JPMorgan Partners" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">JPMorgan Partners</a> in 2003)<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[21]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Closet Maid (sold to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Griffon_Corp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Griffon Corp (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Griffon Corp</a> in late 2017)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Control Products</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Control Techniques (sold to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nidec</a> in early 2017)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Cooper-Atkins</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Copeland</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">CSI Technologies</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Daniel Industries Inc.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">DeltaV</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Dixell</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Electronic Navigation Industries</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Enardo LLC</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Energy Systems</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Firetrol</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Fisher Regulators</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Fisher Valves & Instruments</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Fusite</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">GeoFields</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Greenlee Tools</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Groveley Detection Ltd</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InSinkErator" title="InSinkErator" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">InSinkErator</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Intelligent Store</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Islatrol</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Knurr (a business of Vertiv now)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy-Somer" class="mw-redirect" title="Leroy-Somer" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Leroy-Somer</a> (sold to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nidec</a> in early 2017)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Liebert (a business of Vertiv now)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">METCO</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Metro (InterMetro Industries)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Micro Motion</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Mimic</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Mobrey</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Systems_International" title="Open Systems International" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Open Systems International</a> (pending sale late 2020) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[22]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Ovation</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Paine Electronics</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Paradigm</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Pentair Valves & Controls</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Permasense</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">PlantWeb</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Power Transmission Solutions</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">ProSys, Inc.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[23]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">ProTeam</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridgid" title="Ridgid" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ridgid</a> (Ridge Tool Company)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Rosemount</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Rosemount Analytical</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxar_AS" title="Roxar AS" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Roxar</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Saab Marine Electronics</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Spence and Nicholson</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">SSB Wind Systems (sold to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nidec</a> in early 2017)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Surge Protection</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Syncade</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">TopWorx</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Tescom</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Therm-O-Disc</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">Vilter</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">White-Rodgers</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">WORKSHOP</li></ul></div><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">NBC Heroes lawsuit[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emerson_Electric&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: NBC Heroes lawsuit" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h3>On October 2, 2006, Emerson filed suit in federal court against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">NBC</a> regarding a scene that appeared in the pilot episode of the network's TV series <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes(U.S.TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heroes (U.S. TV series)" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Heroes</a>. The scene depicted <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Bennet" title="Claire Bennet" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Claire Bennet</a> reaching into an active garbage disposal, severely injuring her hand. Emerson's suit claims the scene "casts the disposer in an unsavory light, irreparably tarnishing the product" by suggesting that serious injuries will result "in the event consumers were to accidentally insert their hand into one."Emerson asked for a ruling barring future broadcasts of the pilot and to block NBC from using any Emerson trademarks in the future.On February 23, 2007, the case was dropped. NBC Universal and Emerson Electric settled the lawsuit outside of court.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric#cite_note-MediaDailyNews-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[24]</a>=Co-founded by Bono and other activists, ONE is strictly nonpartisan. ONE is not a grant-making organisation and does not solicit funding from the public or receive government funds. ONE is funded almost entirely by foundations, individual philanthropists and corporate partners. =<a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/09/study-reveals-how-stakeholder-capitalism-fails-to-live-up-to-promises-as-corporations-continue-putting-profits-over-people/">https://www.alternet.org/2020/09/study-reveals-how-stakeholder-capitalism-fails-to-live-up-to-promises-as-corporations-continue-putting-profits-over-people/</a>no linx twt
Study reveals how ‘stakeholder capitalism’ fails to live up to promises as corporations continue putting profits over peopleWritten by Kenny Stancil / Common Dreams September 23, 2020When the Business Roundtable issued a statement on corporate purpose and promised to “deliver value to all of… our stakeholders” in 2019, some applauded the attention paid to social and environmental concerns by 181 CEOs as a significant improvement from neoliberal economist Milton Friedman’s 1970 dictate that “the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits,” which marked the beginning of an era of shareholder primacy.But a study (pdf) published Tuesday by the Test of Corporate Purpose (TCP) initiative showed that amid 2020’s disastrous public health, economic, social, and environmental challenges—the coronavirus pandemic, massive unemployment and worsening inequality, persistent police violence and racial injustice, and intensified climate crisis—”stakeholder capitalism” has failed to follow through on its promises to do more to benefit workers and communities, continuing to “put profits ahead of people” instead.Joshua Bolten, president of the Business Roundtable (BRT), told the New York Times that he thinks corporations “have done exceptionally well” in supporting employees during the unprecedented crisis set in motion by Covid-19.But Times reporter Peter Goodman painted a different picture. When large technology company Salesforce “celebrated more than $5 billion in quarterly sales… in late August,” its chief executive, Marc Benioff—a self-styled “evangelist for stakeholder capitalism”—declared victory, explained Goodman. “The next day, in the midst of the pandemic, Salesforce informed 1,000 employees that their jobs were no longer needed.”In March, Arne Sorenson—president and CEO of Marriott International and co-chairman of a BRT task force convened to address Covid-19—”announced that he was furloughing tens of thousands of employees, asserting that his hand had been forced by the swift deterioration of the business,” wrote Goodman. “Less than two weeks later, Marriott paid out $160 million in dividends to shareholders.”TCP’s study, which was conducted with KKS Advisors and supported by the Ford Foundation, summarized the “conundrum” this way: “The interests of stockholders and other stakeholders will not always align.”The analysis showed that U.S. companies that signed the BRT statement “performed no better than their nonsignatory counterparts through the 2020 crises.”Researchers pointed to stock buybacks, political spending, tax evasion, and unchecked pollution as additional examples of practices reflecting the continued prioritization of shareholder interests despite pledges to pursue “inclusive prosperity” for all stakeholders.In the words of the report’s authors, many companies still “campaign for one world while publicly proclaiming a vision of another.”The report noted that only a handful of the signatories to the BRT statement even submitted it to their companies for approval, which is why some scholars have argued that the promises made by proponents of “stakeholder capitalism” are a public relations gimmick that will not improve social welfare.On social media, commentators such as Krystal Ball and Bharat Ramamurti concurred. Ramamurti, the managing director of the Roosevelt Institute’s Corporate Power Program, wrote: “The way to change corporate behavior is with new laws. Press releases won’t cut it.”According to Goodman, “The study enhances doubts that corporations can be depended upon to moderate their quest for profits to pursue solutions to challenges like climate change, racial injustice, and economic inequality.”Proponents of a genuinely just and sustainable society like Marjorie Kelly, executive vice president of The Democracy Collaborative, have criticized the BRT statement while arguing that what’s known as the triple-bottom-line approach to business—people, planet, and prosperity—is a step in the right direction.Kelly cautioned against viewing companies’ simultaneous pursuit of multiple interests as inherently disingenuous, pointing to “national brands as diverse as Ben & Jerry’s, Amalgamated Bank, and King Arthur Baking” that govern themselves according to formal commitments giving “social and environmental benefits equal standing with profit goals.”One key to differentiating the mission-driven enterprises truly committed to the creation of an equitable and ecological economy from those corporations for whom social responsibility is a marketing ploy is to analyze the gap between rhetoric and practice, Kelly argued.The study noted: “Given the enormous influence major corporations have over the trajectory of policy and regulation, no analysis of corporate purpose and its alignment with a stakeholder primacy model would be complete without incorporating an evaluation of companies’ lobbying and political spending activities,” which often contradict the information coming from marketing departments.Fidelity to progressive economic and environmental policies, or lack thereof, provides another clue. In addition to well-known instances of greenwashing and pinkwashing, political scientist Cedric Johnson has called attention to the ‘blackwashing‘ at play when, for example, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos adamantly pledged his support for Black Lives Matter even though “the company fired Chris Smalls, a black Amazon worker who led a walkout at the end of March demanding more protective gear and hazard pay.”Economists Emily Kawano, former director of the Center for Popular Economics, and Julie Matthaei, co-founder of the U.S. Solidarity Economy Network, argued thatprofit-maximization is intrinsic to capitalism and the privately owned corporations that characterize it, so even the “stakeholder” variety is incapable of balancing moneymaking with competing objectives like greater equality and sustainability.According to Kawano, Matthaei, and other proponents of public goods and a cooperative model of social wealth-building, successfully prioritizing human and environmental well-being will require moving toward a non-capitalist economy based around democratic ownership.Now “would be a great time to push for real reforms,” Chuck Collins, director of the Institute for Policy Studies’ Program on Inequality, told Common Dreams. “Why shouldn’t Amazon or any of the hundreds of companies that are benefiting from pandemic conditions share their ownership with employees?”“Any talk of corporations being responsive to a broad spectrum of stakeholders is just that—talk—as long as stakeholders don’t have power,” said Kelly. “And power means ownership.”<div></div>----<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; line-height: 1.2em; background-image: none;">Joshua B. Bolten</h1><div id="bodyContent" style="position: relative; width: 887.2px;"><div id="contentSub" style="line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 1em; width: auto;"><div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump" style="overflow: hidden; height: 0px; zoom: 1; margin-top: -1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#mw-head" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;" /><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;" /></div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"></a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"></a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"></a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joshua B. Bolten took over April 14, 2006, as President </a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George W. Bush</a>'s Chief of Staff "with authority to do whatever he deemed necessary to stabilize Bush's presidency, and he has moved quickly with changes," Terence Hunt <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/B/BUSH_SHAKEUP?SITE=TXABI&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&SECTION=HOME" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">reported</a> for the Associated Press.In a White House shakeup, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joel_Kaplan" title="Joel Kaplan" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joel Kaplan</a>, who had been in "the No. 2 job in the White House budget office" under Bolten, was promoted to be Bush's Deputy Chief of Staff, taking over <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Karl Rove</a>'s responsibilities as Bush's chief policy coordinator, Hunt wrote.Previously, Bolten was selected by President to be White House Chief of Staff to replace <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Andrew_H.Card,Jr." title="Andrew H. Card, Jr." style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Andrew H. Card, Jr.</a>, who resigned March 28, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.conservativeusa.org/whosonfirst.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[1]</a>Bolten, Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy, was Director of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Office of Management and Budget</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/administration/whbriefing/whoswho.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[2]</a>"For the two years prior to joining the White House, Mr. Bolten was Policy Director of the Bush presidential campaign. For the five years preceding that, from 1994 to 1999, Mr. Bolten was Executive Director, Legal & Governmental Affairs, for Goldman Sachs International in London."<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM////QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAGklEQVR42mJgBAEGokgGBjBGBxBxsBqAAAMACHwALd5r8ygAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Director, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/ONE_Campaign" title="ONE Campaign" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">ONE Campaign</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#cite_note-0" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[1]</a></li></ul><table id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; display: inline; background-image: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#Profiles" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 Profiles</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#Related_SourceWatch_Resources" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 Related SourceWatch Resources</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3 External links</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#Profiles_2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.1 Profiles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joshua_B.Bolten#Articles.26_Commentary" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.2 Articles & Commentary</a></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">Profiles</h2>Bolten was "Policy director, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush-Cheney_2000" title="Bush-Cheney 2000" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bush-Cheney 2000</a> presidential campaign and presidential transition; executive director for legal and government affairs, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Goldman_Sachs_International" title="Goldman Sachs International" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Goldman Sachs International</a> in London; deputy assistant to President <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H.W. Bush" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George H.W. Bush</a> for legislative affairs; general counsel, Office of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=U.S.Trade_Representative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Trade Representative (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">U.S. Trade Representative</a>; international trade counsel, Senate Finance Committee; private practice, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=O%27Melveny%26_Myers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O'Melveny & Myers (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">O'Melveny & Myers</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A28440-2003May22&notFound=true" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[3]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">Related SourceWatch Resources</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM////QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAGklEQVR42mJgBAEGokgGBjBGBxBxsBqAAAMACHwALd5r8ygAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush_Administration" title="Bush Administration" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bush Administration</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush%27s_White_House_Staff" title="Bush's White House Staff" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bush's White House Staff</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.budget_deficit" title="U.S. budget deficit" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">U.S. budget deficit</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.National_Debt" title="U.S. National Debt" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">U.S. National Debt</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.tax_cuts" title="U.S. tax cuts" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">U.S. tax cuts</a></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">External links</h2><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Profiles</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM////QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAGklEQVR42mJgBAEGokgGBjBGBxBxsBqAAAMACHwALd5r8ygAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/organization/office.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Official Biography: Joshua B. Bolten</a>, Office of Management and Budget.</li></ul><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Articles & Commentary</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM////QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAGklEQVR42mJgBAEGokgGBjBGBxBxsBqAAAMACHwALd5r8ygAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Elisabeth Bumiller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://college4.nytimes.com/guests/articles/2003/01/06/2207504.xml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">An Invisible Aide Leaves Fingerprints</a>, New York Times, January 6, 2003.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">David Stout, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://college4.nytimes.com/guests/articles/2003/02/03/2213530.xml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Big Deficits Seen</a>, New York Times, February 3, 2003.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">David E. Rosenbaum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://college4.nytimes.com/guests/articles/2003/03/12/2220698.xml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">House Budget Chairman Vows Tax Cuts and Balanced Budget</a>, New York Times, March 12, 2003.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mike Allen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A28440-2003May22&notFound=true" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Quiet Maven Steps Onto the Policy Stage. Deficits Challenge OMB Pick</a>, Washington Post, May 23, 2003.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Elisabeth Bumiller, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://college4.nytimes.com/guests/articles/2004/02/02/2288081.xml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Budget Director Girds for Angry Congress</a>, New York Times, February 2, 2004.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/administration/whbriefing/whoswho.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Who's Who in the White House,"</a> Washington Post, updated June 22, 2005.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/03/20060328.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">News Release: "President Thanks Andy Card, Announces Bolten as New Chief of Staff,"</a> White House, The Oval Office, March 28, 2006.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Terence Hunt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://customwire.ap.org/dynamic/stories/B/BUSH_SHAKEUP?SITE=JRC&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2006-03-28-08-04-55" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Bolten to Replace Card As Chief of Staff,"</a> Associated Press, March 28, 2006.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Janet Hook, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0603290202mar29,1,5001381.story?coll=chi-newsnationworld-hed" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Bolten a biker, a bowler and a Bush loyalist,"</a> Los Angeles Times (Chicago Tribune), March 29, 2006.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Terence Hunt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/B/BUSH_SHAKEUP?SITE=TXABI&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&SECTION=HOME" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Rove Surrenders Some Control in Shake-Up,"</a> Associated Press, April 20, 2006.</li></ul>

</div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Politics</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Politicians" title="Category:Politicians" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Politicians</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div id="siteSub" style="line-height: 19.2px; display: inline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div><div id="contentSub" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 1em; width: auto;"><div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump" style="line-height: 19.2px; overflow: hidden; height: 0px; zoom: 1; margin-top: -1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#mw-navigation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;" /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;" /></div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"></a><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="line-height: 19.2px; direction: ltr;"><table class="infobox vcard" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; line-height: 1.5em; width: 22em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="n" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">Joshua Bolten</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 250); text-align: center;">22nd <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">White House Chief of Staff</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom-style: none; text-align: center;">In office
April 14, 2006 – January 20, 2009</td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">President</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="Deputy White House Chief of Staff" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Deputy</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hagin" title="Joe Hagin" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joe Hagin</a>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Gottesman" title="Blake Gottesman" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Blake Gottesman</a>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Karl Rove</a>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Kaplan" title="Joel Kaplan" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joel Kaplan</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Preceded by</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Card" title="Andrew Card" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Andrew Card</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Succeeded by</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rahm Emanuel</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 250); text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Director of the Office of Management and Budget" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom-style: none; text-align: center;">In office
June 6, 2003 – April 14, 2006</td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">President</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Preceded by</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_Daniels" title="Mitch Daniels" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Mitch Daniels</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Succeeded by</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rob Portman</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 250); text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">White House Deputy Chief of Staff</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom-style: none; text-align: center;">In office
January 20, 2001 – June 2003
Served with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Hagin" title="Joe Hagin" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joe Hagin</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">President</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Preceded by</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Echaveste" title="Maria Echaveste" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Maria Echaveste</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Succeeded by</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Miers" title="Harriet Miers" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Harriet Miers</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 250); text-align: center;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Born</th><td style="vertical-align: top;">Joshua Brewster Bolten
August 16, 1954 (age 58)</td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Political party</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Alma mater</a></th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Princeton University</a>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Stanford Law School</a></td></tr><tr><th style="vertical-align: top;">Religion</th><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" title="Jew" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Jewish</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-ref2-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-ref1-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[3]</a></td></tr></tbody></table><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joshua Brewster Bolten (born August 16, 1954) served as the </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">White House Chief of Staff</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">U.S. President</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George W. Bush</a>. Long time <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Republican</a> Bolten replaced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Card" title="Andrew Card" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Andrew Card</a> on April 14, 2006.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[4]</a><table id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 7px; display: inline-block; zoom: 1; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0px;"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; background-image: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#Early_life" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 Early life</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#Professional_life" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 Professional life</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#Citation_for_contempt" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3 Citation for contempt</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#Post-government_career" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4 Post-government career</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#Personal_life" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">5 Personal life</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">7 External links</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 class="" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early life<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten?veaction=edit&vesection=1" title="Edit section: Early life" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Bolten&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early life" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style="text-decoration: none; visibility: hidden; background-image: none;"></a></h2>Bolten is the son of Analouise (née Clissold) and Seymour Bolten.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[5]</a> His father worked for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA" title="CIA" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">CIA</a> and his mother taught world history at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George Washington University</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[6]</a> He graduated from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.Albans_School(Washington,D.C.)" title="St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">St. Albans School</a>, and served on the school's board until 2007.Bolton attended <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Princeton University</a>, where he studied in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" title="Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs</a> and served as class president and president of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ivy_Club" title="The Ivy Club" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">The Ivy Club</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[7]</a> He graduated in 1976. He graduated with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">J.D.</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Law_School" title="Stanford Law School" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Stanford Law School</a> in 1980 and served as an editor of the law review.<h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;">
Formerly the Director of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Office of Management and Budget</a>(OMB), Bolten was confirmed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Senate" title="U.S. Senate" class="mw-redirect" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">U.S. Senate</a> to that position in 2003. Bolten was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">White House</a> from 2001 to 2003. He previously served as policy director for the 2000 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush_presidential_campaign,2000" title="George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">George W. Bush Presidential campaign</a> from 1999 to 2000 and as Executive Director for Legal and Government Affairs at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs" style="line-height: 1.5em; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Goldman Sachs</a> in London from 1994 to 1999.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[8]</a>Professional life
<span class="mw-editsection" style="font-weight: normal; -webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten?veaction=edit&vesection=2" title="Edit section: Professional life" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Bolten&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Professional life" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style="text-decoration: none; visibility: hidden; background-image: none;"></a></h2>He was general counsel to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Trade_Representative" title="U.S. Trade Representative" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Office of the United States Trade Representative</a> for three years and Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs for one year during the administration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H. W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George H. W. Bush</a>. Bolten was the second <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" title="Jew" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Jewish</a> person appointed as White House Chief of Staff (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Duberstein" title="Kenneth Duberstein" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Ken Duberstein</a>, who held that post during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_Administration" title="Reagan Administration" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Reagan Administration</a>, was the first, and Rahm Emanuel, who held the post in the Obama administration, was the third).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-ref2-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-ref1-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[2]</a> In August of 2005 Bush temporarily appointed him to be Ambassador to the UN, but he failed to receive enough votes for confirmation.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[9]</a>Bolten was named as White House Chief of Staff to smooth relations with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">United States Congress</a>, and to reinvigorate the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">West Wing</a> staff.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">citation needed</a>] He is credited with having assisted the President in recruiting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M.Paulson,Jr." title="Henry M. Paulson, Jr." class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Henry Paulson</a> - the CEO of Goldman Sachs - to serve as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Treasury Secretary</a>, based on his former employment at the firm.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[10]</a> In addition, he recruited <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Snow" title="Tony Snow" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Tony Snow</a> to work as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">White House Press Secretary</a>, offered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rob Portman</a> the opportunity to succeed him as OMB Director, and brought his OMB deputy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Kaplan" title="Joel Kaplan" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joel Kaplan</a> into the White House as Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[11]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Citation for contempt<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten?veaction=edit&vesection=3" title="Edit section: Citation for contempt" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Bolten&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Citation for contempt" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style="text-decoration: none; visibility: hidden; background-image: none;"></a></h2>On June 13, 2007, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Judiciary_Committee" title="House Judiciary Committee" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">House Judiciary Committee</a> issued a subpoena to Bolten for documents related to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">dismissal of U.S. attorneys</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[12]</a> The subpoena had a deadline of June 28.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[13]</a> On Wednesday, July 25, 2007, the House Judiciary Committee voted 22-17 to cite Bolten for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">contempt of Congress</a> for his failure to produce the documents in response to its subpoena.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[14]</a> On February 14, 2008, the House of Representatives voted to cite him for contempt by a vote of 223-32. Many Republicans walked out of the chamber in protest, deriding the priorities of the speaker in calling the vote, as opposed to a vote on a surveillance bill.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[15]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Post-government career<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten?veaction=edit&vesection=4" title="Edit section: Post-government career" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Bolten&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Post-government career" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style="text-decoration: none; visibility: hidden; background-image: none;"></a></h2>Bolten became the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L.Weinberg" title="John L. Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">John L. Weinberg</a>/Goldman Sachs & Co. Visiting Professor at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School in September 2009, teaching classes on the federal budget and international trade and financial regulation.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[16]</a> In March 2010, Bolten was appointed a member of the board and co-chair of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a>, which has raised $36 million to date for immediate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">earthquake</a> relief and long-term recovery efforts in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Caribbean</a> country.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[17]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Personal life<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten?veaction=edit&vesection=5" title="Edit section: Personal life" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Bolten&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Personal life" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style="text-decoration: none; visibility: hidden; background-image: none;"></a></h2>Joshua Bolten plays <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">bass guitar</a> in a band called the Compassionates and enjoys riding his Harley Davidson Fatboy motorcycle.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[18]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">References<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten?veaction=edit&vesection=6" title="Edit section: References" class="mw-editsection-link-primary" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Bolten&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" class="mw-editsection-link-secondary" style="text-decoration: none; visibility: hidden; background-image: none;"></a></h2><div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; -webkit-column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-ref2-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-ref2_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-ref2_1-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">b</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/28/ap/politics/mainD8GKSLRG1.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/28/ap/politics/mainD8GKSLRG1.shtml</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2006%2F03%2F28%2Fap%2Fpolitics%2FmainD8GKSLRG1.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> Missing or empty <code style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">|title=</code> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">help</a>)[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">dead link</a>]</li><li id="cite_note-ref1-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-ref1_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-ref1_2-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">b</a> Berger, Matthew (31 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/28777/format/html/displaystory.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"New chief of staff has strong Jewish identity"</a>. Jewish News Weekly of Northern California. Retrieved 2007-03-14.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.au=Berger%2C+Matthew&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.btitle=New+chief+of+staff+has+strong+Jewish+identity&rft.date=31+March+2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishsf.com%2Fcontent%2F2-0-%2Fmodule%2Fdisplaystory%2Fstory_id%2F28777%2Fformat%2Fhtml%2Fdisplaystory.html&rft.pub=Jewish+News+Weekly+of+Northern+California&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Copeland, Libby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/28/AR2006082801451_pf.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"The Sideman"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 3, 2010.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.atitle=The+Sideman&rft.au=Copeland%2C+Libby&rft.aufirst=Libby&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F08%2F28%2FAR2006082801451_pf.html&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/526/000109199/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[1]</a></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?n=analouise-clissold-bolten&pid=145035156" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx?n=analouise-clissold-bolten&pid=145035156</a></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Birnbaum, Jeff (Summer 2004). Stanford Lawyer<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.law.stanford.edu/publications/stanford_lawyer/issues/69/bolten.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">http://www.law.stanford.edu/publications/stanford_lawyer/issues/69/bolten.html</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+Jeff&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.date=Summer+2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.stanford.edu%2Fpublications%2Fstanford_lawyer%2Fissues%2F69%2Fbolten.html&rft.pub=Stanford+Lawyer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> Missing or empty <code style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">|title=</code> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">help</a>)</li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Cai, Angela (March 29, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2006/03/29/news/14966.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Bush names Bolten '76 chief of staff"</a>. Daily Princetonian Publishing Company, Inc. Retrieved 2008-07-06.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.au=Cai%2C+Angela&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.aulast=Cai&rft.btitle=Bush+names+Bolten+%2776+chief+of+staff&rft.date=March+29%2C+2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyprincetonian.com%2Farchives%2F2006%2F03%2F29%2Fnews%2F14966.shtml&rft.pub=Daily+Princetonian+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/bolten-bio.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Joshua Bolten, White House Chief of Staff</a></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-12-04-bolton_x.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">[2]</a></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Gleckman, Howard (30 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/may2006/nf20060530_1022.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Paulson to the Rescue?"</a>. BusinessWeek.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.au=Gleckman%2C+Howard&rft.aulast=Gleckman&rft.btitle=Paulson+to+the+Rescue%3F&rft.date=30+May+2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fbwdaily%2Fdnflash%2Fmay2006%2Fnf20060530_1022.htm&rft.pub=BusinessWeek&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Baker, Peter (June 17, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/16/AR2006061601664.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"White House Personnel Changes Complete"</a>. Washington Post.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.au=Baker%2C+Peter&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.btitle=White+House+Personnel+Changes+Complete&rft.date=June+17%2C+2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F06%2F16%2FAR2006061601664.html&rft.pub=Washington+Post&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Original Text of the Subpoena, U.S. House Judiciary Committee,<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://judiciary.house.gov/Media/PDFS/BoltenSubpoena070613.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">http://judiciary.house.gov/Media/PDFS/BoltenSubpoena070613.pdf</a></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Perine, Keith (2007-06-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.cq.com/docs/cqt/news110-000002542737.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Bush, Congress in Legal Limbo Over Privilege"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Congressional Quarterly</a>. Retrieved 2007-07-26.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.aulast=Perine&rft.au=Perine%2C+Keith&rft.btitle=Bush%2C+Congress+in+Legal+Limbo+Over+Privilege&rft.date=2007-06-28&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublic.cq.com%2Fdocs%2Fcqt%2Fnews110-000002542737.html&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Stout, David (2007-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/25/washington/25cnd-contempt.html?r=1&oref=slogin" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Panel Holds Two Bush Aides in Contempt"</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New York Times</a>. Retrieved 2007-07-26.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.au=Stout%2C+David&rft.btitle=Panel+Holds+Two+Bush+Aides+in+Contempt&rft.date=2007-07-25&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F07%2F25%2Fwashington%2F25cnd-contempt.html%3F_r%3D1%26oref%3Dslogin&rft.pub=New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-15" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Shenon, Philip (February 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/15/washington/15contempt.html?hp" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"House Votes to Issue Contempt Citations"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2010.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.atitle=House+Votes+to+Issue+Contempt+Citations&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.aulast=Shenon&rft.au=Shenon%2C+Philip&rft.date=February+15%2C+2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F15%2Fwashington%2F15contempt.html%3Fhp&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-16" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }Princeton University (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S24/69/78K29/index.xml?section=topstories" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Former Bush chief of staff Bolten to join Wilson School faculty</a>. Retrieved July 8, 2009.</li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2010/03/22/25560" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Bolten '76, Frist '74 appointed to serve on Clinton Bush Haiti Fund's Board of Directors"</a> by Daily Princetonian Staff, March 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-30.</li><li id="cite_note-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Bolten#cite_ref-18" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20061211150614/http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=884602006" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"White House's Bolten shows "Born to be Wild" side"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Reuters</a>. June 16, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=884602006" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">the original</a> on December 11, 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-25.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoshua+Bolten&rft.btitle=White+House%27s+Bolten+shows+%22Born+to+be+Wild%22+side&rft.date=June+16%2C+2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.scotsman.com%2Flatest.cfm%3Fid%3D884602006&rft.pub=Reuters&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li></ol></div><h2 class="mw-editsection-expanded" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">External links</h2></div><p style="line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BP has embarked on an aggressive campaign to repair its public image in the wake of its disastrous oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. It has repeatedly <a href="http://thinkprogress.org/2010/05/25/bp-ads/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">run full-page ads</a> in major newspapers, retained high-powered <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/677-e2-wire/98285-gulf-oil-driller-transocean-beefs-up-lobbying-pr-team" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">lobbying and public relations firms</a>, and <a href="http://thinkprogress.org/2010/06/03/hayward-pr-campaign/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">launched a series of television ads</a> with CEO Tony Hayward looking apologetic. The company has even<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2010/06/01/100037/cheney-bp-flack/" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">hired </a><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2010/06/01/100037/cheney-bp-flack/">Anne Womack-Kolton</a>, a former top aide to Vice President Cheney, to be its new spokesperson.<p style="line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Now, joining Womack-Kolton in helping BP repair its image is former chief of staff to President Bush, <a href="http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/markets/article7147145.ece">Josh Bolten</a>:<blockquote style="line-height: 22.5px; margin: 10px 50px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The former European Commission president Romano Prodi is understood to be assisting BP in its attempt to restore its battered reputation in the United States.The Times understands that Mr Prodi, who twice served as Italy’s prime minister, is a key member of an “international advisory board” assisting BP that also includes Josh Bolten, the former chief of staff to President George W. Bush. Both Mr Prodi and Mr Bolten are former employees of Goldman Sachs, the investment bank that advises BP. BP’s former chairman Peter Sutherland also held a senior role at Goldman.The group has been helping the oil giant to defend its interests against a fierce onslaught from the US Government, which intensified yesterday as it emerged that 44 US Senators have signed a letter demanding that BP does not pay a dividend next month.</blockquote><p style="line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bolten became most famous during the Bush administration when the House Judiciary Committee voted to hold Bolten and former Bush counsel Harriet Miers <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/25/washington/25cnd-contempt.html">in contempt</a> after they refused to cooperate in an investigation into the administration’s firings of U.S. attorneys.<p style="line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This aggressive PR campaign by BP may actually be having the opposite effect of what the company is hoping for. Last week, President Obama chastised BP for devoting its resources in this area instead of to the people along the Gulf Coast who are struggling to maintain a living because the spill took away their occupations:<blockquote style="line-height: 22.5px; margin: 10px 50px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">My understanding is, is that BP has contracted for $50 million worth of TV advertising to manage their image during the course of this disaster. In addition, there are reports that BP will be paying $10.5 billion — that’s billion with a B — in dividend payments this quarter.Now, I don’t have a problem with BP fulfilling its legal obligations. But I want BP to be very clear, they’ve got moral and legal obligations here in the Gulf for the damage that has been done. And what I don’t want to hear is, when they’re spending that kind of money on their shareholders and spending that kind of money on TV advertising, that they’re nickel-and-diming fishermen or small businesses here in the Gulf who are having a hard time.</blockquote><p style="line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BP shares “plunged” in London today, with investors “shaken by the prospect that the British oil giant <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/business/11markets.html">might cut its dividend</a>.” <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE6590WC20100610" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">UK business leaders</a> are upset at the criticism the Obama administration is directing at BP, and Prime Minister <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE65916020100610" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Cameron will be speaking with Obama</a> about BP this weekend.<p style="line-height: 22.5px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In response to its tumbling stock prices on the New York Exchange last night, BP said it was “<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/10281079.stm">not aware of any reason</a> which justifies this share price movement.”---

<h3 class="r" style="line-height: 1.2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pKTnVxyveE8C&pg=PT54&lpg=PT54&dq=jim+wilkinson+bush+2000+brooks&source=bl&ots=1i5I67vhoX&sig=ZGVD2Zh-KkNptjtjjcsMJ4E_ddY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZcX8T_GEFdSFqQG98ZyLCQ&ved=0CGEQ6AEwBA">Holy Cow 2000: The Strange Election of George W. Bush - Google Books Result</a></h3>

<cite class="kv">books.google.com/books?isbn=1937853004...</cite><a href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=vml&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Kenneth+O%27Reilly%22&sa=X&ei=ZcX8T_GEFdSFqQG98ZyLCQ&ved=0CGIQ9Ag">Kenneth O'Reilly</a>
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The dismissal of U.S. Attorneys controversy was initiated by the unprecedented<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[1]</a> midterm dismissal of seven <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">United States Attorneys</a> on December 7, 2006, by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W.Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">George W. Bush administration</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Department of Justice</a>. Congressional investigations focused on whether the Department of Justice and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President" title="Executive Office of the President" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">White House</a> were using the U.S. Attorney positions for political advantage. Allegations were that some of the attorneys were targeted for dismissal to impede investigations of<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Republican</a> politicians or that some were targeted for their failure to initiate investigations that would damage <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Democratic</a> politicians or hamper Democratic-leaning voters.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-Bowermaster-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-WashingtonPost-20070513-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[3]</a> The U.S. attorneys were replaced with interim appointees, under provisions in the 2005 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act" title="USA PATRIOT Act" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">USA PATRIOT Act</a> reauthorization.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-Newsweek-Sceifo-2007-03-15-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[4]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-WP-Eggen-2007-03-14-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[5]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-WP-Graphic-2007-03-06-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[6]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-CBS-Public-Eye-2007-03-14-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[7]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-Boston-Globe-AP-Jordan-2007-09-15-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[8]</a>The dismissed U.S. Attorneys had all been appointed by President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">George W. Bush</a> and confirmed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Senate</a>, more than four years earlier.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-WP-Gonzaales-2007-04-15-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[9]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-NPR-ME-2007-03-14-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[10]</a> Two other attorneys were dismissed in controversial circumstances in 2005–2006. Twenty-six or more U.S. Attorneys had been under consideration for dismissal during this time period.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[11]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[12]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-WP-Memos-List-2007-05-28-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[13]</a> The firings received attention via hearings in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Congress</a> in January 2007, and by March 2007 the controversy had national visibility. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Attorney General</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Gonzales" title="Alberto Gonzales" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Alberto Gonzales</a> stated that the U.S. Attorneys "serve at the pleasure of the president" and described the affair as "an overblown personnel matter".<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-Gonzales-03-06-07-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[14]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[15]</a>By mid-September 2007, nine of the highest-level officers of the Department of Justice associated with the controversy had resigned,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-WPost-Eggen-2007-09-19-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[16]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-Jordan-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[17]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-WP-Eggen-2007-06-23-18" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[18]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-McClatchy-Gordon-2007-08-22-19" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[19]</a> most prominently, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-TalkingPointsMemo-Gonzales_Resignation_Letter-2007-08-27-20" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[20]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-NYTimes-Nizza-2007-08-27-21" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[21]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-NY_Times-Myers-2007-08-27-22" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[22]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-NY_Times-Phillips-2007-08-27-23" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[23]</a>A subsequent report by the Justice Department Inspector General in October 2008 found that the process used to fire the first seven attorneys and two others dismissed around the same time was "arbitrary", "fundamentally flawed", and "raised doubts about the integrity of Department prosecution decisions".<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-USDOJ-IG-24" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[24]</a> In July 2010, the Department of Justice prosecutors closed the two-year investigation without filing charges after determining that the firing was inappropriately political, but not criminal, saying "Evidence did not demonstrate that any prosecutable criminal offense was committed with regard to the removal of David Iglesias. The investigative team also determined that the evidence did not warrant expanding the scope of the investigation beyond the removal of Iglesias."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[25]</a> 
<div id="toc" class="toc" style="line-height: 1.2em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background-image: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.6em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Issues_in_brief" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 Issues in brief</a><ul style="line-height: 1.6em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Changed_interim_appointment_law_in_2006" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.1 Changed interim appointment law in 2006</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Administration_rationale_unclear" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.2 Administration rationale unclear</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Administration_testimony_contradicted_by_documents" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.3 Administration testimony contradicted by documents</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Politicization_of_hiring_at_the_Department_of_Justice" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.4 Politicization of hiring at the Department of Justice</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Dismissed_attorneys_and_elections" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.5 Dismissed attorneys and elections</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Fallout" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 Fallout</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Replacement_of_the_U.S.Attorneys" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3 Replacement of the U.S. Attorneys</a><ul style="line-height: 1.6em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Initial_planning" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.1 Initial planning</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Kyle_Sampson" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.2 Kyle Sampson</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Implementing_the_plan" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.3 Implementing the plan</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Reactions_and_congressional_investigation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4 Reactions and congressional investigation</a><ul style="line-height: 1.6em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#January_2007:Initial_reaction" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.1 January 2007: Initial reaction</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#February_2007:The_controversy_grows" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.2 February 2007: The controversy grows</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#March_2007:Transition_to_scandal" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.3 March 2007: Transition to scandal</a><ul style="line-height: 1.6em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Battle_resignation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.3.1 Battle resignation</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Sampson_resignation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.3.2 Sampson resignation</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Executive_Privilege_claims" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.3.3 Executive Privilege claims</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Goodling_resignation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.3.4 Goodling resignation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Congressional_hearings" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">5 Congressional hearings</a><ul style="line-height: 1.6em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Testimony_of_Sara_Taylor:Claims_of_executive_privilege" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">5.1 Testimony of Sara Taylor: Claims of executive privilege</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Contempt_of_Congress_charges" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">5.2 Contempt of Congress charges</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Subpoenas_and_lost_emails" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6 Subpoenas and lost emails</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#March.E2.80.93August_2007:Gonzales_resignation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">7 March–August 2007: Gonzales resignation</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Status_of_interim_U.S.Attorneys.2C_through_June_2007" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">8 Status of interim U.S. Attorneys, through June 2007</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Inspector_General_Report_and_Special_Prosecutor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">9 Inspector General Report and Special Prosecutor</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Appointment_of_U.S.Attorneys_and_the_2005_Patriot_Act_reauthorization" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">10 Appointment of U.S. Attorneys and the 2005 Patriot Act reauthorization</a><ul style="line-height: 1.6em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#The_appointment_process_for_U.S.Attorneys" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">10.1 The appointment process for U.S. Attorneys</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Revised_interim_appointment_process_in_March_2006" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">10.2 Revised interim appointment process in March 2006</a><ul style="line-height: 1.6em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Related_USA_Patriot_Act_provision" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">10.2.1 Related USA Patriot Act provision</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Dismissal_of_U.S.Attorneys_under_previous_administrations" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">10.3 Dismissal of U.S. Attorneys under previous administrations</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Law_references" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">11 Law references</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#See_also" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">12 See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">13 Notes</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S.attorneys_controversy#References_and_external_links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">14 References and external links</a></li></ul></div>  <div class="text text-1 parbase section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">How do you tell the difference between Bush administration officials Josh Bolten and John Bolton? Both worked in the Reagan administration, both worked for Bush's dad, and both worked on Bush's legal team during the <state><place>Florida recount before landing jobs with the administration. And their names sound alike. But the similarities end there:</place></state></div><div class="text-2 text parbase section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px;">Josh Bolten is the White House's deputy chief of staff for policy. That makes him the president's chief domestic policy adviser, and since Sept. 11 he has headed the White House's new "domestic consequences group" that has developed post-attack legislation such as the airline bailout and the stimulus package. The New Republic's Ryan Lizza calls him "increasingly powerful" and "the anonymous fourth man in the inner circle of Bush's staff" (after Andy Card, Karl Rove, and Karen Hughes). U.S. Newssays he has emerged after the terrorist attacks as Bush's "chief economic architect," and the Washington Post says Bolten "has a quiet hand in all domestic policy and international economic policy."</div><div class="section authorbox" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="text-3 text parbase section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px;">During the 2000 campaign, Bolten was Bush's policy director, and during the <state><place>Florida recount he was a top lieutenant to James Baker.</place></state> He worked as a lawyer in the Reagan administration's State Department, and he served as a staff attorney for the Senate Finance Committee from 1985 to 1989. In the first Bush administration, he worked as general counsel for the <country-region><place>U.S. trade representative and as the White House's deputy assistant for legislative affairs.</place></country-region></div><div class="text parbase text-4 section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bolten is publicity-shy—the rare profile of him always mentions that he didn't want the story written—but he has received some attention for his relationship with Bo Derek.  The Austin American-Statesman says the two are just friends but that the relationship has included "several briefings" and a motorcycle ride. (Bolten owns a Harley.)</div><div class="text parbase text-5 section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px;"><a target="blank" resizable="yes" href="http://www.state.gov/r/pa/biog/index.cfm?docid=2976" linktype="External" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51); text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">John Bolton</a>is <a target="blank" resizable="yes" href="http://www.state.gov/t/" linktype="External" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">undersecretary of state for arms control and international security affairs</a>. <place>Bolton made news in August when he implied in <city><place>Moscow that Bush wanted November's "ranch summit" in <place><city>Crawford, <state>Texas, with Vladimir Putin to be a deadline for a U.S.-Russia deal on scrapping the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. <place>Bolton insisted he didn't mean to imply that there was a deadline but added, "We have said on repeated occasions that we expect to bump up against the limits of the ABM treaty in a manner of months and not years, and that remains the case today." The importance of missile defense to the Bush administration increases the significance of <place>Bolton's already-powerful position.</place></place></state></city></place></place></city></place></div><div class="text text-6 parbase section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Before coming to the Bush administration, <place>Bolton was senior vice president of the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative <state><place>Washington think tank. He was assistant attorney general in the Reagan administration, and he was assistant secretary for international organization affairs in the first Bush administration's State Department.</place></state></place></div><div class="text parbase text-7 section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px;"><place>Bolton may have been Bush's most controversial nominee. Forty-three Democrats voted against his confirmation—one more than voted against John Ashcroft—making him the Bush nominee who racked up the highest tally in the Senate's "nay" column.<place>Bolton's critics worried about his opposition to many arms control agreements and his support of missile defense.</place></place> And perhaps most damning for Democrats, Jesse Helms once said of him, "<place>Bolton is the kind of man with whom I would want to stand at Armageddon."</place></div><div class="text parbase text-8 section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And no, <place>Bolton is not related to the <a target="blank" resizable="yes" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A44895-2001Nov5.html" linktype="External" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">John Bolton</a> that Taliban officials say was an American spy who died in their custody.</place></div><div class="text parbase text-9 section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Explainer declares victory (V-E Day): In a previous column, Explainer <a target="blank" resizable="yes" href="http://slate.msn.com/?id=1008411" linktype="External" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">floated the idea</a> that Osama Bin Laden was referring to the breakup of the <place>Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I when he mentioned "more than 80 years of humiliation and disgrace" in his first videotape address on Al Jazeera. Slate readers responded to the WWI theory in <a target="blank" resizable="yes" href="http://slate.msn.com/?id=1008420" linktype="External" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">this</a> column.</place></div><div class="text parbase text-10 section" style="color: rgb(40, 27, 33); line-height: 21px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Osama's <a target="_blank" resizable="yes" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/monitoring/media_reports/newsid_1636000/1636782.stm" linktype="External" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 51); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">latest Al Jazeera broadcast</a> settles the issue. Bin Laden specifically cites World War I as something that still sticks in his craw: "Let us investigate whether this war against <country-region><place>Afghanistan that broke out a few days ago is a single and unique one or if it is a link to a long series of crusader wars against the Islamic world. Following World War I, which ended more than 83 years ago, the whole Islamic world fell under the crusader banner—under the British, French, and Italian governments. They divided the whole world, and <city><place>Palestine was occupied by the British" (emphasis Explainer's).</place></city></place></country-region></div>White House to Lose A Top Mouthpiece

By Michael AbramowitzWashington Post Staff Writer Wednesday, June 28, 2006White House communications director Nicolle Wallace, a voice for more openness with reporters in an often tight-lipped administration, will step down Friday.
The move, announced by the White House yesterday, was not part of the shake-up by new Chief of Staff Joshua B. Bolten, but it has been anticipated since President Bush tapped her husband, Mark Wallace, in January to join the U.S. delegation at the United Nations. Nicolle Wallace has made no secret in recent months about her desire to join her husband in New York, although she said yesterday that she has not decided what she is going to do next professionally.--PoliticsBush AdministrationAnalysisWHITE HOUSE SHIFTS INTO SURVIVAL MODE
By Don BalzWashington Post
April 20, 2006
Page A01<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/19/AR2006041902517.html" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/19/AR2006041902517.html</a>In a White House known for both defiance and optimism, yesterday's senior staff changes represent a frank acknowledgment of the trouble in which President Bush now finds himself. They are also a signal of how starkly Bush's second-term ambitions have shifted after a year of persistent problems at home and abroad.Longtime Bush confidant Karl Rove -- who had hoped to use his position of deputy chief of staff to usher in an expansive conservative agenda -- was relieved of his policy portfolio to concentrate on long-term strategy and planning for a November midterm election that looks increasingly bleak for Republicans.Rove probably will remain one of the most influential voices in the White House, but his shift in responsibilities suggests that new White House Chief of Staff Joshua B. Bolten intends to operate a different White House than his predecessor, Andrew H. Card Jr., who resigned after more than five years at the helm.Bolten's White House, say former administration officials and Republican strategists, is likely to have clearer lines of authority and less free-lancing by powerful officials. They also expect Bolten to play a more active and influential role in shaping domestic policy than did Card.More significantly, they said, unlike Card, who took as his principal responsibility the management of the president, Bolten probably will operate more in the mold of chiefs of staffs in previous administrations, who saw their role as managing the entire White House and sought to oversee the entire federal government, as well.Whether the changes will fundamentally alter a troubled administration is another question. One of Bolten's biggest challenges, administration allies say, will be to find ways to open up the Oval Office to new ideas and to the opinions of people who are not longtime Bush confidants.On that score, many people who know the administration best are privately dubious. Presidents, more than chiefs of staff, determine how White Houses operate, they said, noting that Bush has shown that he prefers a tight circle of advisers and does not welcome the advice of outsiders. As Bush put it on Monday, in asserting that he would not fire Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld, "I'm the decider, and I decide what's best."Rove's return to a role that closely mirrors that which he played in Bush's first term demonstrates how much this White House has now shifted to survival mode -- and how far events have pushed the president from the grand ambitions with which he opened his second term just 15 months ago.Then, with Rove as the animating force, the president sought to engineer Republican political dominance by remaking government with such far-reaching initiatives as his plan to remake the Social Security program. Today, Social Security stands as Exhibit A of what went wrong domestically in 2005.Public disillusionment over Bush's policies in Iraq have left the country in a sour mood and Bush's presidency at low ebb, threatening the entire Bush-Rove project to create a durable Republican majority. While that goal remains central to those closest to Bush, the focus at the White House for the foreseeable future will be trying to revitalize this presidency quickly enough to avoid crippling GOP losses in November that could thrust Bush into instant lame-duck status.Realigning the White House staff and bringing in new faces appear central to that effort. This week's changes include yesterday's resignation of White House press secretary Scott McClellan and appointment of Joel D. Kaplan as White House deputy chief of staff for policy, as well as Monday's announcement that U.S. trade representative and former House member Rob Portman will succeed Bolten as director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).The domestic policy process has been hampered since Bolten went to OMB, and one Republican strategist close to the White House said the new chief of staff appears bent on trying to prevent Rove and others from interfering in every aspect of the governing process.Rove will retain the "gravitational force" of his Bush relationship and could "overpower" Bolten in showdowns because he knows the president and the inside game better, this official predicted. But he added that Bolten believed that the strategy to overhaul Social Security was sloppy and hampered by Rove's becoming too involved in every aspect of the campaign -- policy, politics, and communications.Former administration officials said that Rove, though known for his ability to juggle many roles, was overwhelmed by the sheer volume of his responsibilities when he was promoted to deputy chief of staff after the 2004 election.In addition, he was engulfed in the CIA leak case. He is believed to be under investigation by a special counsel for providing false testimony about his role.Bolten and Rove forged a congenial working relationship during Bush's first presidential campaign, when Rove was chief strategist and Bolten chief policy adviser. That carried over into the White House during the first term, until Bolten departed as deputy chief of staff to take over as OMB director. Administration allies say they hope that the new assignments can restore an operating arrangement that they believe worked well.One former administration official, who asked not to be identified in order to speak freely about his former colleagues, called yesterday's shift in Rove's responsibilities a "huge" development. "This is putting back things where they belong," he said. "It's given Josh back policy. Joel [Kaplan] is a total Josh disciple, and he is very good in the policy world. It focuses Karl back on politics, which is what he needs to do."But former Bush spokesman Ari Fleischer said Rove's losing the policy portfolio also is significant, because the policy job "is where ideas comes from, where creativity comes from, and that is where presidents rise and fall."==

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