Glaxosmithkline gsk

=congrats primary on cult corrupt, sci supp=no lnx
=see scott gottleib<a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/glaxosmithkline-tried-silence-scientist-who-exposed-dangers-its-drug-avandia">https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/glaxosmithkline-tried-silence-scientist-who-exposed-dangers-its-drug-avandia</a>
oct 2017
when Dr. John Buse found that a diabetes drug had the side effect of higher risk of heart disease, GlaxoSmithKline officials threatened his integrity and career.In July 2010, an FDA advisory committee recommended a recall of Avandia, a drug used to treat Type-2 diabetes, and placed severe restrictions on its availability. GlaxoSmithKline, Avandia’s manufacturer, had long known about the drug’s potentially life-threatening side effects. But the company used its power to silence scientists rather than protecting its customers by bringing the harm to light.A decade earlier, in 1999, Dr. John Buse at the University of North Carolina found that Avandia users had a high risk of heart disease, and published his findings. In response, Buse alleges, a representative from the company contacted his boss, accused him of lying, and threatened to sue him for a $4 billion drop in the company’s stock valuation.A Senate Finance Committee report confirmed Buse’s charges, revealing that a GlaxoSmithKline official emailed Tadataka Yamada, then the company’s chairman of research and development, urging him to write a “firm letter” to Buse. It would contain a warning that “the punishment will be that we will complain up his academic line and to the CME [continuing medical education] granting bodies that accredit his activities.” Yamada wrote back, “I think there are two courses of action. One is to sue him for knowingly defaming our product even after we have set him straight as to the facts—the other is to launch a well-planned offensive on behalf of Avandia.” Yamada also called Fred Sparling, the chairman of Buse's department at UNC, and communicated the threat of lawsuits.After this blatant harassment, Buse felt he had no choice but to sign a letter drafted by the company which walked back his scientific findings. It stated that his comments on the drug “had been taken out of context” and that “only years of use, greater patient exposure and comparative clinical trials” would provide the data needed to allow any drug “into proper perspective.” The letter was used by the industry to persuade financial analysts to change their safety assessment of Avandia, which resulted in its staying on the market another decade.In 2007, a meta-analysis of 42 randomized controlled trials of the drug confirmed Buse’s findings and revealed that there was a 43 percent increase in the risk of heart disease among diabetics taking Avandia. When questioned on its intimidation of Buse by the Senate Finance Committee in 2007, GlaxoSmithKline released a statement saying, “perhaps we could have handled interactions with Dr. Buse better,” but otherwise denied that it had retaliated against the scientist. After reviewing extensive documents from Buse, the Committee concluded that the behavior of the company was “troubling” and “had Buse been able to continue voicing his concerns, without being characterized as a ‘renegade’ and without the need to sign a ‘retraction letter,’ it appears that the public good would have been better served.”Ultimately, this case—including the ultimate corroboration of Buse’s findings—spawned thousands of lawsuits charging that GlaxoSmithKline’s handling of the drug caused death and illness in patients. The company has already paid at least $90 million to settle some of them.
Further ReadingHow Corporations Corrupt Science at the Public’s Expense==see scott gottleib<a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/glaxosmithkline-tried-silence-scientist-who-exposed-dangers-its-drug-avandia" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/glaxosmithkline-tried-silence-scientist-who-exposed-dangers-its-drug-avandia</a>
oct 2017
when Dr. John Buse found that a diabetes drug had the side effect of higher risk of heart disease, GlaxoSmithKline officials threatened his integrity and career.In July 2010, an FDA advisory committee recommended a recall of Avandia, a drug used to treat Type-2 diabetes, and placed severe restrictions on its availability. GlaxoSmithKline, Avandia’s manufacturer, had long known about the drug’s potentially life-threatening side effects. But the company used its power to silence scientists rather than protecting its customers by bringing the harm to light.A decade earlier, in 1999, Dr. John Buse at the University of North Carolina found that Avandia users had a high risk of heart disease, and published his findings. In response, Buse alleges, a representative from the company contacted his boss, accused him of lying, and threatened to sue him for a $4 billion drop in the company’s stock valuation.A Senate Finance Committee report confirmed Buse’s charges, revealing that a GlaxoSmithKline official emailed Tadataka Yamada, then the company’s chairman of research and development, urging him to write a “firm letter” to Buse. It would contain a warning that “the punishment will be that we will complain up his academic line and to the CME [continuing medical education] granting bodies that accredit his activities.” Yamada wrote back, “I think there are two courses of action. One is to sue him for knowingly defaming our product even after we have set him straight as to the facts—the other is to launch a well-planned offensive on behalf of Avandia.” Yamada also called Fred Sparling, the chairman of Buse's department at UNC, and communicated the threat of lawsuits.After this blatant harassment, Buse felt he had no choice but to sign a letter drafted by the company which walked back his scientific findings. It stated that his comments on the drug “had been taken out of context” and that “only years of use, greater patient exposure and comparative clinical trials” would provide the data needed to allow any drug “into proper perspective.” The letter was used by the industry to persuade financial analysts to change their safety assessment of Avandia, which resulted in its staying on the market another decade.In 2007, a meta-analysis of 42 randomized controlled trials of the drug confirmed Buse’s findings and revealed that there was a 43 percent increase in the risk of heart disease among diabetics taking Avandia. When questioned on its intimidation of Buse by the Senate Finance Committee in 2007, GlaxoSmithKline released a statement saying, “perhaps we could have handled interactions with Dr. Buse better,” but otherwise denied that it had retaliated against the scientist. After reviewing extensive documents from Buse, the Committee concluded that the behavior of the company was “troubling” and “had Buse been able to continue voicing his concerns, without being characterized as a ‘renegade’ and without the need to sign a ‘retraction letter,’ it appears that the public good would have been better served.”Ultimately, this case—including the ultimate corroboration of Buse’s findings—spawned thousands of lawsuits charging that GlaxoSmithKline’s handling of the drug caused death and illness in patients. The company has already paid at least $90 million to settle some of them.
Further ReadingHow Corporations Corrupt Science at the Public’s Expense=CRIMES
<a href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/glaxosmithkline-plead-guilty-and-pay-3-billion-resolve-fraud-allegations-and-failure-report" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/glaxosmithkline-plead-guilty-and-pay-3-billion-resolve-fraud-allegations-and-failure-report</a>very long ...avandia: In its civil settlement agreement, the United States alleges that GSK promoted Avandia to physicians and other health care providers with false and misleading representations about Avandia’s safety profile, causing false claims to be submitted to federal health care programs. Specifically, the United States alleges that GSK stated that Avandia had a positive cholesterol profile despite having no well-controlled studies to support that message. The United States also alleges that the company sponsored programs suggesting cardiovascular benefits from Avandia therapy despite warnings on the FDA-approved label regarding cardiovascular risks. GSK has agreed to pay $657 million relating to false claims arising from misrepresentations about Avandia. The federal share of this settlement is $508 million and the state share is $149 million.
all: <p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Monday, July 2, 2012<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">GlaxoSmithKline to Plead Guilty and Pay $3 Billion to Resolve Fraud Allegations and Failure to Report Safety Data<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Largest Health Care Fraud Settlement in U.S. History<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Global health care giant GlaxoSmithKline LLC (GSK) agreed to plead guilty and to pay $3 billion to resolve its criminal and civil liability arising from the company’s unlawful promotion of certain prescription drugs, its failure to report certain safety data, and its civil liability for alleged false price reporting practices, the Justice Department announced today. The resolution is the largest health care fraud settlement in U.S. history and the largest payment ever by a drug company.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">GSK agreed to plead guilty to a three-count criminal information, including two counts of introducing misbranded drugs, Paxil and Wellbutrin, into interstate commerce and one count of failing to report safety data about the drug Avandia to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Under the terms of the plea agreement, GSK will pay a total of $1 billion, including a criminal fine of $956,814,400 and forfeiture in the amount of $43,185,600. The criminal plea agreement also includes certain non-monetary compliance commitments and certifications by GSK’s U.S. president and board of directors. GSK’s guilty plea and sentence is not final until accepted by the U.S. District Court.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">GSK will also pay $2 billion to resolve its civil liabilities with the federal government under the False Claims Act, as well as the states. The civil settlement resolves claims relating to Paxil, Wellbutrin and Avandia, as well as additional drugs, and also resolves pricing fraud allegations.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“Today’s multi-billion dollar settlement is unprecedented in both size and scope. It underscores the Administration’s firm commitment to protecting the American people and holding accountable those who commit health care fraud,” said James M. Cole, Deputy Attorney General. “At every level, we are determined to stop practices that jeopardize patients’ health, harm taxpayers, and violate the public trust – and this historic action is a clear warning to any company that chooses to break the law.”<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“Today’s historic settlement is a major milestone in our efforts to stamp out health care fraud,” said Bill Corr, Deputy Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). “For a long time, our health care system had been a target for cheaters who thought they could make an easy profit at the expense of public safety, taxpayers, and the millions of Americans who depend on programs like Medicare and Medicaid. But thanks to strong enforcement actions like those we have announced today, that equation is rapidly changing.”<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This resolution marks the culmination of an extensive investigation by special agents from HHS-OIG, FDA and FBI, along with law enforcement partners across the federal government. Moving forward, GSK will be subject to stringent requirements under its corporate integrity agreement with HHS-OIG; this agreement is designed to increase accountability and transparency and prevent future fraud and abuse. Effective law enforcement partnerships and fraud prevention are hallmarks of the Health Care Fraud Prevention and Enforcement Action Team (HEAT) initiative, which fosters government collaboration to fight fraud. <p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Criminal Plea Agreement<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Under the provisions of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, a company in its application to the FDA must specify each intended use of a drug. After the FDA approves the product as safe and effective for a specified use, a company’s promotional activities must be limited to the intended uses that FDA approved. In fact, promotion by the manufacturer for other uses – known as “off-label uses” – renders the product “misbranded.”<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Paxil: In the criminal information, the government alleges that, from April 1998 to August 2003, GSK unlawfully promoted Paxil for treating depression in patients under age 18, even though the FDA has never approved it for pediatric use. The United States alleges that, among other things, GSK participated in preparing, publishing and distributing a misleading medical journal article that misreported that a clinical trial of Paxil demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of depression in patients under age 18, when the study failed to demonstrate efficacy. At the same time, the United States alleges, GSK did not make available data from two other studies in which Paxil also failed to demonstrate efficacy in treating depression in patients under 18. The United States further alleges that GSK sponsored dinner programs, lunch programs, spa programs and similar activities to promote the use of Paxil in children and adolescents. GSK paid a speaker to talk to an audience of doctors and paid for the meal or spa treatment for the doctors who attended. Since 2004, Paxil, like other antidepressants, included on its label a “black box warning” stating that antidepressants may increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in short-term studies in patients under age 18. GSK agreed to plead guilty to misbranding Paxil in that its labeling was false and misleading regarding the use of Paxil for patients under 18.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Wellbutrin: The United States also alleges that, from January 1999 to December 2003, GSK promoted Wellbutrin, approved at that time only for Major Depressive Disorder, for weight loss, the treatment of sexual dysfunction, substance addictions and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, among other off-label uses. The United States contends that GSK paid millions of dollars to doctors to speak at and attend meetings, sometimes at lavish resorts, at which the off-label uses of Wellbutrin were routinely promoted and also used sales representatives, sham advisory boards, and supposedly independent Continuing Medical Education (CME) programs to promote Wllbutrin for these unapproved uses. GSK has agreed to plead guilty to misbranding Wellbutrin in that its labeling did not bear adequate directions for these off-label uses. For the Paxil and Wellbutrin misbranding offenses, GSK has agreed to pay a criminal fine and forfeiture of $757,387,200.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Avandia: The United States alleges that, between 2001 and 2007, GSK failed to include certain safety data about Avandia, a diabetes drug, in reports to the FDA that are meant to allow the FDA to determine if a drug continues to be safe for its approved indications and to spot drug safety trends. The missing information included data regarding certain post-marketing studies, as well as data regarding two studies undertaken in response to European regulators’ concerns about the cardiovascular safety of Avandia. Since 2007, the FDA has added two black box warnings to the Avandia label to alert physicians about the potential increased risk of (1) congestive heart failure, and (2) myocardial infarction (heart attack). GSK has agreed to plead guilty to failing to report data to the FDA and has agreed to pay a criminal fine in the amount of $242,612,800 for its unlawful conduct concerning Avandia.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“This case demonstrates our continuing commitment to ensuring that the messages provided by drug manufacturers to physicians and patients are true and accurate and that decisions as to what drugs are prescribed to sick patients are based on best medical judgments, not false and misleading claims or improper financial inducements,” said Carmen Ortiz, U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“Patients rely on their physicians to prescribe the drugs they need,” said John Walsh, U.S. Attorney for Colorado. “The pharmaceutical industries’ drive for profits can distort the information provided to physicians concerning drugs.  This case will help to ensure that your physician will make prescribing decisions based on good science and not on misinformation, money or favors provided by the pharmaceutical industry.”<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Civil Settlement Agreement<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">As part of this global resolution, GSK has agreed to resolve its civil liability for the following alleged conduct: (1) promoting the drugs Paxil, Wellbutrin, Advair, Lamictal and Zofran for off-label, non-covered uses and paying kickbacks to physicians to prescribe those drugs as well as the drugs Imitrex, Lotronex, Flovent and Valtrex; (2) making false and misleading statements concerning the safety of Avandia; and (3) reporting false best prices and underpaying rebates owed under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Off-Label Promotion and Kickbacks: The civil settlement resolves claims set forth in a complaint filed by the United States alleging that, in addition to promoting the drugs Paxil and Wellbutrin for unapproved, non-covered uses, GSK also promoted its asthma drug, Advair, for first-line therapy for mild asthma patients even though it was not approvedor medically appropriate under these circumstances. GSK also promoted Advair for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with misleading claims as to the relevant treatment guidelines. The civil settlement also resolves allegations that GSK promoted Lamictal, an anti-epileptic medication, for off-label, non-covered psychiatric uses, neuropathic pain and pain management. It further resolves allegations that GSK promoted certain forms of Zofran, approved only for post-operative nausea, for the treatment of morning sickness in pregnant women. It also includes allegations that GSK paid kickbacks to health care professionals to induce them to promote and prescribe these drugs as well as the drugs Imitrex, Lotronex, Flovent and Valtrex. The United States alleges that this conduct caused false claims to be submitted to federal health care programs.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">GSK has agreed to pay $1.043 billion relating to false claims arising from this alleged conduct. The federal share of this settlement is $832 million and the state share is $210 million<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">This off-label civil settlement resolves four lawsuits pending in federal court in the District of Massachusetts under the qui tam, or whistleblower, provisions of the False Claims Act, which allow private citizens to bring civil actions on behalf of the United States and share in any recovery.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Avandia: In its civil settlement agreement, the United States alleges that GSK promoted Avandia to physicians and other health care providers with false and misleading representations about Avandia’s safety profile, causing false claims to be submitted to federal health care programs. Specifically, the United States alleges that GSK stated that Avandia had a positive cholesterol profile despite having no well-controlled studies to support that message. The United States also alleges that the company sponsored programs suggesting cardiovascular benefits from Avandia therapy despite warnings on the FDA-approved label regarding cardiovascular risks. GSK has agreed to pay $657 million relating to false claims arising from misrepresentations about Avandia. The federal share of this settlement is $508 million and the state share is $149 million.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Price Reporting: GSK is also resolving allegations that, between 1994 and 2003, GSK and its corporate predecessors reported false drug prices, which resulted in GSK’s underpaying rebates owed under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. By law, GSK was required to report the lowest, or “best” price that it charged its customers and to pay quarterly rebates to the states based on those reported prices. When drugs are sold to purchasers in contingent arrangements known as “bundles,” the discounts offered for the bundled drugs must be reallocated across all products in the bundle proportionate to the dollar value of the units sold. The United States alleges that GSK had bundled sales arrangements that included steep discounts known as “nominal” pricing and yet failed to take such contingent arrangements into account when calculating and reporting its best prices to the Department of Health and Human Services. Had it done so, the effective prices on certain drugs would have been different, and, in some instances, triggered a new, lower best price than what GSK reported. As a result, GSK underpaid rebates due to Medicaid and overcharged certain Public Health Service entities for its drugs, the United States contends. GSK has agreed to pay $300 million to resolve these allegations, including $160,972,069 to the federal government, $118,792,931 to thestates, and $20,235,000 to certain Public Health Service entities who paid inflated prices for the drugs at issue.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Except to the extent that GSK has agreed to plead guilty to the three-count criminal information, the claims settled by these agreements are allegations only, and there has been no determination of liability.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">“This landmark settlement demonstrates the Department’s commitment to protecting the American public against illegal conduct and fraud by pharmaceutical companies,” said Stuart F. Delery, Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Civil Division. “Doctors need truthful, fair, balanced information when deciding whether the benefits of a drug outweigh its safety risks.  By the same token, the FDA needs all necessary safety-related information to identify safety trends and to determine whether a drug is safe and effective.  Unlawful promotion of drugs for unapproved uses and failing to report adverse drug experiences to the FDA can tip the balance of those important decisions, and the Justice Department will not tolerate attempts by those who seek to corrupt our health care system in this way.”<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Non-monetary Provisions and Corporate Integrity Agreement<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">In addition to the criminal and civil resolutions, GSK has executed a five-year Corporate Integrity Agreement (CIA) with the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General (HHS-OIG). The plea agreement and CIA include novel provisions that require that GSK implement and/or maintain major changes to the way it does business, including changing the way its sales force is compensated to remove compensation based on sales goals for territories, one of the driving forces behind much of the conduct at issue in this matter. Under the CIA, GSK is required to change its executive compensation program to permit the company to recoup annual bonuses and long-term incentives from covered executives if they, or their subordinates, engage in significant misconduct. GSK may recoup monies from executives who are current employees and those who have left the company.  Among other things, the CIA also requires GSK to implement and maintain transparency in its research practices and publication policies and to follow specified policies in its contracts with various health care payors.<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
“Our five-year integrity agreement with GlaxoSmithKline requires individual accountability of its board and executives,” said Daniel R. Levinson, Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “For example, company executives may have to forfeit annual bonuses if they or their subordinates engage in significant misconduct, and sales agents are now being paid based on quality of service rather than sales targets.”    ...<a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/08/trumps-vaccine-chief-picks-his-own-former-employer-for-2-1-billion-deal/">https://www.alternet.org/2020/08/trumps-vaccine-chief-picks-his-own-former-employer-for-2-1-billion-deal/</a>no lnxtrump’s vaccine chief picks his own former employer for $2.1 billion dealLt. Governor Rutherford Participates In GlaxoSmithKline Ribbon Cutting Ceremony by Anthony DePanise at 14200 Shady Grove Rd Rockville MD 20850, Image via.Written by Eoin Higgins / Common Dreams August 2, 2020The White House on Friday awarded a record-breaking $2.1 billion contract for development of a Covid-19 vaccine, raising questions about a former pharmaceutical executive’s involvement in the administration’s decision.The deal is for 100 million doses of a vaccine manufactured by Sanofi, a French drug maker, and its British partner GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).
As Fortune reported:The deal follows billions of dollars of U.S. commitments to other experimental vaccines—all still needing to show their effectiveness in testing—and may stoke concerns that other countries will be left behind. Vaccines are seen as the key to leading the world out of the pandemic that has killed about 675,000 people in a matter of months.Dr. Moncef Slaoui, a former GSK executive, is head of the White House’s Operation Warp Speed, the administration’s program to develop and disburse an effective coronavirus vaccine. Slaoui’s connection to his former company has been the focus of concern from advocacy groups and politicians skeptical of his claims of neutrality.According to the New York Times:Dr. Slaoui is not a federal employee, instead working under a $1 contract that exempts him from federal rules that would require him to list his outside positions, stock holdings and other potential conflicts. Dr. Slaoui said in an interview in May that he was determined to avoid any conflicts of interest, but that his GSK stock represented his retirement from 29 years at the company, and that he had told federal officials he would not take the job if he had to sell it.Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) raised concerns over Slaoui’s ties to GSK in May.
“It is a huge conflict of interest for the White House’s new vaccine czar to own $10 million of stock in a company receiving government funding to develop a Covid-19 vaccine,” Warren tweeted. “Dr. Slaoui should divest immediately.As Common Dreams reported, the former executive’s refusal to relinquish his shares in the company made the process of awarding a contract a “sham,” in the words of former Office of Government Ethics director Walter Shaub.“You can’t have a contractor supervising government officials,” said Shaub.<div>=</div><div><h2 class="media__headline" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 7.5px; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/06/university-california-crispr-researchers-form-drug-discovery-alliance-pharma-giant" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">University of California CRISPR researchers form drug discovery alliance with pharma giant</a></h2>BY <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/author/jon-cohen" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">JON COHEN</a><time style="box-sizing: inherit; white-space: nowrap; border-left: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); margin-left: 7.5px; padding-left: 7.5px;">JUN. 13, 2019</time>Top CRISPR researchers at two University of California (UC) campuses have teamed up with pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) to form a new laboratory in San Francisco that will exploit the genome editor to screen for new drugs. Drawing on a GSK commitment of $67 million over 5 years, UC Berkeley’s Jennifer Doudna, a co-inventor of the powerful CRISPR tool, and UC San Francisco’s Jonathan Weissman will select the academic talent to work in the new Laboratory for Genomics Research (LGR). “This is really, for us as academics, kind of a dream come true,” Doudna says. Although Doudna has already co-founded two CRISPR-related companies and co-runs the Innovative Genomics Institute with Weissman, she says the LGR “takes the not very interesting parts of the screening efforts out of the picture.” A friend who visited her lab a few years ago described it as “artisanal,” she recalls and wondered why they weren’t using more automation. “It was a nice way of saying that it seems really fusty,” Doudna says. She hopes the LGR will allow them to use “genome editing and CRISPR, in particular, as a tool to understand the causes of disease in a way that had really never been possible in the past.”<time style="box-sizing: inherit; white-space: nowrap; border-left: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); margin-left: 7.5px; padding-left: 7.5px;" />Weissman, a physicist who morphed into a protein-folding specialist, specializes in using CRISPR to construct large-scale probes of gene functions. “We don’t have the capability, the knowledge, or the resources to develop drugs,” he says. “I’m trying to understand what are the problems that [GSK is] facing and what are the tools that would really solve the problem. As a tool builder, my biggest fear is we build a bridge to nowhere.” In all, London-based GSK will fund 24 full-time UC researchers—only some of whom will come from Doudna’s and Weissman’s labs. GSK will contribute as many as 14 of its own employees. UC will own the intellectual property (IP) of any new tools invented in the lab, while GSK hopes to patent new drug targets. UC will receive a “financial benefit if a drug that requires licensed IP comes to market,” a GSK spokesperson says, noting that the exact terms are “confidential.” Hal Barron, GSK’s chief scientific officer, says 90% of genes still have opaque functions. He hopes that by using CRISPR to knock out or turn on genes in cells and animal models, the LGR will be able to double the number of genes with known functions. “Think about the impact of that as being able to develop twice as many drugs,” Barron says. Other academics who have had similar partnerships said they are useful, but can be tricky. “Overall, the model is great and the [CRISPR] space is ripe for innovation that’s not fundamental biology or chemistry but an engineering problem,” says UC San Francisco’s Jeffrey Bluestone, an immunologist who for the past 9 years has taken part in a collaboration between the school and Pfizer. The challenge, he says, is that there can be a “disconnect” when there’s a discovery about a potential drug that targets a disease not in the company’s portfolio. The Harvard Stem Cell Institute took part in a collaboration with GSK between 2008 and 2013 to develop new drug targets for regenerative medicine. “It was a really great interaction,” says Harvard stem cell biologist David Scadden, who notes it ended because GSK got out of the regenerative medicine business. “Having academics who are bilingual in terms of understanding how companies have to think as they develop products is a good thing,” he says. The lab, located at UC San Francisco’s Mission Bay campus, is already up and running.<time style="box-sizing: inherit; white-space: nowrap; border-left: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); margin-left: 7.5px; padding-left: 7.5px;">
</time></div><div></div>=<a href="https://www.alternet.org/drugs/drug-companies-are-funding-investigational-studies-influence-their-results">https://www.alternet.org/drugs/drug-companies-are-funding-investigational-studies-influence-their-results</a>Remember how appalled we felt as a society when we discovered that, for so long, we had been mistakenly taking <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/big-tobacco-finally-tells-truth-court-ordered-ad-campaign-n823136" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Big Tobacco’s word</a> that cigarettes are harmless? Rinse and repeat with <a href="https://thinkprogress.org/a-deeply-misleading-ad-tries-to-derail-marijuana-legalization-in-massachusetts-b0e1b0189d7a/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">lobbyists for Big Alcohol fear-mongering about legal weed</a>. And again and again with a panoply of consumer-level commodities and goods.Nowadays we have all these familiar worries, but about our drugs and medications instead. It’s become so bad that there's now reason to believe Big Pharma is also colluding to poison the well of scientific inquiry.The truth is, there are many examples of private industry paying for positive press from the scientific community. When you look closer at our spending priorities as a nation, it’s not entirely difficult to see why. As public funding for the sciences has fallen away, many scientists have had to pivot toward more consistent—and ethically fraught—sources of funding and stability as surely as politicians who, for want of public election funding, get buoyed by billionaires at <a href="https://wlns.com/2017/11/30/skubick-whats-on-the-menu-snyder-hosts-100k-per-plate-fundraiser-tonight/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">$100,000-per-plate fundraising dinners</a>.We’ll take a look at case studies in a moment, but for right now, think about how important it is for us to be able to trust, at a minimum level, the products we invite into our bodies and our homes.It’s become common knowledge that the pharmaceutical industry is one of the most corrupt out there. This is a serious affront to justice that has gone on for far too long. The fight for consumer protections of all kinds can and must begin with health care, medicines, prescription drugs and medical devices. Here are the stakes.The Erosion of TrustIn 2006, GlaxoSmithKline—the esoteric name for a ubiquitous diabetes treatment brand—took a victory lap after a lengthy <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa066224" style="text-decoration-line: none;">report in the New England Journal of Medicine</a> declared its Avandia medication to be the most effective of the three diabetes drugs tested.Unfortunately for readers and patients, the extent of the report’s bias was not as attention-grabbing as the headline and ensuing celebratory press releases. In fact, with the help of the FDA and renowned heart specialist Steven Nissen, the Washington Post found that GlaxoSmithKline directly funded the research itself. All 11 of the paper's authors <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias/2012/11/24/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story.html?utm_term=.4b6b45f7a087" style="text-decoration-line: none;">had received consultation fees</a>, grants or another form of monetary compensation.There may be no clearer example of conflicts of interest in the halls of science. Given the degree to which private money may have influenced the result of this scientific endeavor, we have little choice but to assume it did.Even worse? The drug didn’t merely fail to help patients cope with their illnesses, it actually raised their risk of heart attack. Avandia effectively doesn’t exist anymore in the U.S., in part because GlaxoSmithKline was so busy trying to force two logical dots to connect that it didn’t even pick up on all the collateral damage.This is outrageous. Consumers shouldn’t have to second-guess the medical professionals who are supposed to help us take care of ourselves.The Fall of Accountable ScienceBetween 2011 and 2012, the New England Journal of Medicine published more than 70 “original studies” of newly FDA-approved and experimental drugs. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/as-drug-industrys-influence-over-research-grows-so-does-the-potential-for-bias/2012/11/24/bb64d596-1264-11e2-be82-c3411b7680a9_story.html?utm_term=.4b6b45f7a087" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Of these 70-plus reports</a>:<ul dir="ltr"><li>
Up until about the 1980s, the federal government was the primary financier of scientific research in the world of medicine. In the '60s and '70s, the federal government had a 70 percent share of scientific research. In 2013, that number <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/03/data-check-us-government-share-basic-research-funding-falls-below-50" style="text-decoration-line: none;">finally dropped below the 50 percent mark</a>.Sixty received direct pharmaceutical company funding.</li><li>Fifty were written or co-written by a current employee of a pharmaceutical company.</li><li>Thirty-seven had lead writers who had, at some point, received speaking fees or other compensation from the subject of the study.</li></ul>As you may have guessed, there is at least token legal oversight available for clinical investigations of new drugs in the form of FDA regulation. In addition to protecting the personal information of trial participants (patients), the FDA also maintains that <a href="https://www.td2inc.com/news/what-is-a-clinical-investigation" style="text-decoration-line: none;">no drug may reach the investigation phase</a> until its effects—and its lack of harm—have both been documented in a lab setting. As you can likely tell, these protections no longer appear adequate.It has become an open secret that most of the drugs the FDA concerns itself with <a href="https://ethics.harvard.edu/blog/risky-drugs-why-fda-cannot-be-trusted" style="text-decoration-line: none;">cannot be relied upon to greatly outperform placebos, or existing treatments, in a vast majority of cases</a>. Moreover, the wholesale regulatory capture of the FDA has resulted in a situation where this vital public office <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f2809" style="text-decoration-line: none;">serves as a glorified rubber patent stamp</a> for protecting medicines as privately owned, profit-generating pieces of intellectual property.The American People Are No Longer in Control of Their Scientific DestinyA generation or so ago, the skill with which a nation pursued and made use of scientific knowledge was one of the chief metrics of its greatness. However, starting in the 1980s, the United States <a href="https://hbr.org/1991/11/does-privatization-serve-the-public-interest" style="text-decoration-line: none;">took a decided turn away from public sector expansion</a>. Reagan-era policies aimed to privatize government services in the name of balancing local and state budgets. Since then, the world has watched as Americans have continued to vote accountable government and transparent scientific study nearly out of existence by proponents of “small government” and the shifting of fiscal, bureaucratic and legislative power from the public to the private sector.When corporatists boast of the rate of innovation in the private sector, they generally fail to mention <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21929310-200-state-of-innovation-busting-the-private-sector-myth/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">where the money came from</a> that makes all that innovation possible—or what America used to do with it instead. In truth, privatization does not necessarily lead to less government, as its proponents would like to believe. In many cases of privatized innovation, the government still plays a significant role along the value chain of innovation.The difference, though, is that instead of the government being involved for the sake of oversight and accountability, profit-seeking privatized enterprises can lobby for the expansion of public funding just the same as those in the public sector would. Those private companies can then <a href="https://hbr.org/1991/11/does-privatization-serve-the-public-interest" style="text-decoration-line: none;">skim off only the most successful ventures</a>. It’s simply another example of how the government continues to turn a blind eye to unethical, profit-mongering business practices in the name of “trickle down economics,” which we know <a href="https://newrepublic.com/minutes/143174/purest-supply-side-economics-experiment-date-finally-over-unmitigated-failure" style="text-decoration-line: none;">have not worked in the past</a>.However, the winds of change seem to be shifting. For all our present social and political turmoil, we’re more aware of the problem than ever before. But before we can fix it, we must remember science is, like any other endeavor, a human institution.Like a passionate grade-school teacher who can’t do her best work due to a lack of school funding, scientists of all stripes are, after all, human beings with their own biases, internal monologues, ideas, agendas and needs. Science is one of the most vitally important institutions we have right now. Most <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climatechange-poll/most-americans-want-aggressive-action-on-climate-change-reuters-ipsos-poll-idUSKBN18X198" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Americans say it’s very nearly the only thing that matters</a> in the face of global, anthropocentric climate change, but it’s currently perishing from neglect.Here is the silver lining: Though junk science seems to have a stubborn place in the spotlight and in our shared vocabulary, scientists are actively trying to turn the tables. Inspired in part by the fallout from the 2016 election, American scientists are <a href="https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/8qeypb/3000-scientists-have-asked-for-help-running-for-office-to-oppose-trump" style="text-decoration-line: none;">seeking political office at a brisk clip</a>—and being vocal about it, too.Additionally, it seems that we are finally collectively beginning to wake up to the enormous disservices that Big Pharma has done our society. Throwing our support behind scientist-politicians could be one aid to the problem, but we also need to address the bigger issues at hand with how our medical knowledge is funded and who we can trust to provide us with real answers to medical questions.Government oversight and funding are important aspects of that, and improved transparency regarding where we’re getting our “science” is something people <a href="https://www.commondreams.org/news/2015/09/17/health-advocates-combat-opioid-epidemic-target-big-pharma" style="text-decoration-line: none;">are finally starting to advocate for</a>, and should continue to. With this two-part awakening in both the scientific and general community, we can only hope that we are, at last, reaching the end of the road for scientific illiteracy in the States.<div wibbitz="embed-main-player" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="bio-new body_living" style="width: 630px; line-height: 22px; height: auto; border-top: 3px solid rgb(223, 223, 218); clear: both; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="author-bio">Kate Harveston</div></div>=

<ul>

<h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/July/12-civ-842.html" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','','14','AFQjCNEHcWzv31ctULYYcJLZroJlnoyHGg','u58zMFchfLmrTKf2_cNDPA','0CEEQFjADOAo','','',event)" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">USDOJ: GlaxoSmithKline to Plead Guilty and Pay $3 Billion to ...</a></h3>

<div>

<div class="f kv Eu" style="display: block; height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Yc bc" style="font-style: normal;">www.justice.gov › <a href="http://www.justice.gov/briefing-room.html" onmousedown="return rwt(this,'','','','14','AFQjCNE7VEHj4BRBR-upF5wQ12gw_TbUHw','h6zAyNlbQmZ2LT2NzhnBQA','0CEMQ6QUoADADOAo','','',event)" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; font-style: normal;">Briefing Room</a></cite>‎

</ul>

</div>

<div class="crl" data-async-econtext="ri:;site:justice.gov" data-async-context="ri:;site:justice.gov" data-async-trigger="cra-3" jsaction="crd.tglpop" data-ved="0CEgQ5CswAzgK" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;">United States Department of Justice</div>

</div>

Jul 2, 2012 - Largest Health Care Fraud Settlement in U.S. History ... GSK will pay a total of $1 billion, including a criminal fine of $956,814,400 and forfeiture  ...</div>

</div>

</div></li>

</ul>

</div>

Merck, the world's third-biggest drugmaker, is the largest to make the switch.

Companies that develop medicines and consumer products such as cosmetics have long used animals to test safety and effectiveness. In the case of experimental medicines, drugmakers must test on animals before the Food and Drug Administration will let them do the human testing needed for approval of a new therapy.

Nearly all animal experiments in the U.S. involve mice, rats and guinea pigs, although some are done on dogs and great apes, almost always chimpanzees.

But animal research, particularly on primates and pet species such as dogs and rabbits, has long drawn criticism from animal rights groups, including protests outside laboratories and at annual shareholder meetings. Besides calling the practice inhumane, activists often have alleged — and sometimes proven — that animals were being abused.

Many companies previously said it was necessary to test potential medicines and vaccines on nonhuman primates because they needed an animal in which the anatomy and disease course were very similar to that in humans.

That thinking changed as technology allowed researchers to do initial testing via computer simulations, in bacteria or cells, and in animals as small as fish. Many drugmakers also found ways to do testing on far fewer animals and to limit the discomfort of experiments by using painkillers and tranquilizers. And many of the companies pledging not to use chimps in the future never did so.

British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline PLC was one of the first to stop research in chimps, back in 2008.

"Research we did on nonhuman primates was kept to a minimum" even before that, said spokeswoman Melinda Stubee.

Because chimpanzees used for commercial medical research generally are confined in the labs of contract testing companies, Conlee said the Humane Society is trying to convince them that there's no longer enough demand to continue warehousing chimpanzees for potential future work. She hopes they'll pay to support those chimpanzees in one of five U.S. accredited sanctuaries for former research chimps.

Online:

http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/chimpanzee_research/

==

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline</a>

GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is an international <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pharmaceutical" title="Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect">pharmaceutical</a> giant headquartered in Britain. GSK traces its heritage back to a London pharmacy established in 1715. Various entities, including Burroughs Wellcome & Company, Smith-Kline & French Laboratories and Glaxo Laboratories merged to form GSK.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-0">[1]</a> GSK is one of the top five drug firms in the world.

In the fiscal year ending in December of 2010, the company had total revenues of approximately $45.6 billion.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-1">[2]</a> Its CEO, Andrew Witty, received an annual compensation of $3.69 million in 2010.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-2">[3]</a>

GSK is on the corporate ("<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/ALEC_Boards_and_Task_Forces#.22Private_Enterprise.22_Board_of_Directors" title="ALEC Boards and Task Forces">Private Enterprise</a>") board of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Legislative_Exchange_Council" title="American Legislative Exchange Council">American Legislative Exchange Council</a> (ALEC) as of 2011. John Del Giorno, Vice President of State Government Affairs, represents GSK on the board as of 2011.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-3">[4]</a>

A list of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/ALEC_Corporations" title="ALEC Corporations">ALEC Corporations can be found here</a>.

About ALEC

</th></tr><tr><td style="">

<div style="padding: 2px 5px;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/ALEC" title="ALEC" class="mw-redirect">ALEC</a> is a corporate bill mill. It is not just a lobby or a front group; it is much more powerful than that. Through ALEC, corporations hand state legislators their wishlists to benefit their bottom line. Corporations fund almost all of ALEC's operations. They pay for a seat on ALEC task forces where corporate lobbyists and special interest reps vote with elected officials to approve “model” bills. Learn more at the Center for Media and Democracy's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alecexposed.org/">ALECexposed.org</a>, and check out breaking news on our <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.PRWatch.org">PRWatch.org site</a>.</div>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>Lobbying</h2>

The company spent $8,760,000 for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> in 2009. $1,250,000 went to eight outside firms, and the remaining about was spent on in-house lobbyists.

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bockorny_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bockorny Group (page does not exist)">Bockorny Group</a> - $360,000</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Foley_Hoag_LLP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foley Hoag LLP (page does not exist)">Foley Hoag LLP</a> - $300,000</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Dutko_Worldwide" title="Dutko Worldwide">Dutko Worldwide</a> - $160,000</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/BGR_Holding" title="BGR Holding" class="mw-redirect">BGR Holding</a> - $160,000</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Walker,Martin%26_Hatch" title="Walker, Martin & Hatch" class="mw-redirect">Walker, Martin & Hatch</a> - $90,000</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/BKSH_%26_Associates" title="BKSH & Associates" class="mw-redirect">BKSH & Associates</a> - $80,000</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Cornerstone_Government_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornerstone Government Affairs (page does not exist)">Cornerstone Government Affairs</a> - $80,000</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Health_Policy_Alternatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health Policy Alternatives (page does not exist)">Health Policy Alternatives</a>, Inc. - $20,000 <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-4">[5]</a></li>

</ul>

<h2>Political contributions</h2>

GSK gave $860,122 to federal candidates in 2010 through its <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a> (PAC) - 54% to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Democrats" title="Democrats" class="mw-redirect">Democrats</a> and 43% to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Republican_Party_%28USA%29" title="Republican Party (USA)">Republicans</a>. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-5">[6]</a>

<h2>Public relations</h2>

<h3>Aggressive PR</h3>

Due to the low public standing of GSK and drug industry as a whole, GSK began engaging in aggressive, often locally-focused <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a>. In spring 2004, GSK launched a "<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> outreach" effort, sending "sales representatives to deliver its message in front of the religious, fraternal, and other community groups to which they belong." A year into the effort, PR Week reported that GSK's standing had improved by 13 points, according to a Harris Interactive poll.

<dl>

<dd>"Clearly the grassroots campaign is having an impact," said <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Michael_Pucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Pucci (page does not exist)">Michael Pucci</a>, Glaxo's VP of external advocacy.</dd>

</dl>

GSK "also forged a partnership with WebMD, launching the website <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Plaintalkaboutmeds.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plaintalkaboutmeds.com (page does not exist)">plaintalkaboutmeds.com</a> to address issues ranging from the cost of developing drugs to patient assistance programs," reported PR Week.

In Fall 2005, the company will begin "an extensive state-by-state media blitz," paralleling its "grassroots outreach." PR Week reported:

<dl>

<dd>"Glaxo will target local media markets in each state - outlets that do not often have the chance to communicate directly with pharmaceutical executives."</dd>

</dl>

GSK's Pucci said that local reporters were easier for the drug company to deal with.

<dl>

<dd>"These folks are hungry for news. They'll print everything we say … without the political spin."</dd>

</dl>

GSK hired two <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_relations_firms" title="Public relations firms">PR firms</a> for the media work, but declined to name them. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-6">[7]</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-7">[8]</a>

<h3>Americans for Medical Progress</h3>

GSK personnel sit on the board of AMP. See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Americans_for_Medical_Progress" title="Americans for Medical Progress">Americans for Medical Progress</a>.

<h2>Products</h2>

GSK's top sellers include central nervous system therapies, respiratory drugs, antiviral (AZT) therapies and vaccines. The company's top seller is the asthma medication Advair, a combination of two other company products, Flovent and Serevent. Other best sellers include Valtrex (herpes), Lamictal (epilepsy), Paxil (antidepressant), Imitrex (migrains) and Augmentin (antibiotic). GSK's consumer products include Tums (sour stomach); dental care products Aquafresh and Sensodyne; and NicoDerm and Nicorette for smoking addiction. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-8">[9]</a>

<h2>Drug issues</h2>

<h3>GSK & placebo effect</h3>

In 2003, a senior executive for GlaxoSmithKline announced that the vast majority of drugs, more than 90%; only work in 30 to 50% of the people. Dr. Allen Roses, an academic geneticist from <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> spoke at a scientific meeting in London:<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-9">[10]</a>

<dl>

<dd>"Drugs for Alzheimer's disease work in fewer than one in three patients, whereas those for cancer are only effective in a quarter of patients. Drugs for migraines, for osteoporosis, and arthritis work in about half the patients. Most drugs work in fewer than one in two patients mainly because the recipients carry genes that interfere in some way with the medicine." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-10">[11]</a></dd>

</dl>

30 to 70% is considered to be placebo effect.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-11">[12]</a> See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical industry</a>, sections 4 through 6.

<h3>Antidepressants for teens</h3>

In March 2004, the Canadian Medical Association Journal published excerpts from a GSK "internal document" that advised staff "to withhold clinical trial findings in 1998 that indicated the antidepressant paroxetine (Paxil in North America and Seroxat in the UK) had no beneficial effect in treating adolescents." The GSK memo recommended, in part, that the company needed to "effectively manage the dissemination of these data in order to minimize any potential negative commercial impact" and stated that "It would be commercially unacceptable to include a statement that efficacy had not been demonstrated, as this would undermine the profile of paroxetine." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-12">[13]</a>

<h3>Avandia controversy</h3>

Following Dr. Steven Nissen's publication of a study warning that "GlaxoSmithKline's diabetes drug <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Avandia" title="Avandia">Avandia</a> increased the risk of heart attacks by 43% and death from cardiovascular events by possibly 64%," he was publicly pilloried. "More than one story from ostensibly different sources" derisively referred to him as "St Steven," the "Patron Saint of Drug Safety," and "Saint Steven the Pure," reported Evelyn Pringle in an August of 2007 <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Counterpunch" title="Counterpunch">CounterPunch</a> article.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-13">[14]</a>

[lachmann uk gmo 1998]

Among the Nissen attackers was <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration" class="mw-redirect">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) spokesman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Douglas_Arbesfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Arbesfeld (page does not exist)">Douglas Arbesfeld</a>. Arbesfeld previously worked for the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> firm <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Manning_Selvage_%26_Lee" title="Manning Selvage & Lee" class="mw-redirect">Manning Selvage & Lee</a> (MS&L), helping Glaxo and other "healthcare clients maximize internet-relations." Former FDA Deputy Commissioner Dr. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Scott_Gottlieb" title="Scott Gottlieb">Scott Gottlieb</a>, who ridiculed Nissen in a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Wall_Street_Journal" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a> editorial, also consulted for pharmaceutical companies at MS&L. Two more FDA alums, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Peter_Pitts" title="Peter Pitts">Peter Pitts</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_Goldberg" title="Robert Goldberg">Robert Goldberg</a>, mocked Nissen in a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Washington_Times" title="Washington Times">Washington Times</a> piece. Pitts is the senior vice-president for global health affairs at MS&L. Goldberg doesn't have ties to the PR firm, but serves with Pitts as an officer of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_Medicine_in_the_Public_Interest" title="Center for Medicine in the Public Interest">Center for Medicine in the Public Interest</a> (CMPI), which Pringle describes as a "nest of ex-moles who served the industry in one capacity or another in the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush_Administration" title="Bush Administration" class="mw-redirect">Bush Administration</a>'s FDA."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-14">[15]</a>

CMPI is a project of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">Pacific Research Institute</a>, a free market <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Think_tank" title="Think tank" class="mw-redirect">think tank</a>.

See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline,the_Diabetes_Drug_Avandia_and_The_Intimidation_of_Dr.John_Buse" title="GlaxoSmithKline, the Diabetes Drug Avandia and The Intimidation of Dr. John Buse">GlaxoSmithKline, the Diabetes Drug Avandia and The Intimidation of Dr. John Buse</a>

<h3>Paxil controversy & lawsuits</h3>

In 2003 GSK signed a corporate integrity agreement and paid $88 million in a civil fine for overcharging <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Medicaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medicaid (page does not exist)">Medicaid</a> for the antidepressant <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Paxil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paxil (page does not exist)">Paxil</a>, and nasal-allergy spray <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Flonase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flonase (page does not exist)">Flonase</a>. Later that year GSK also ran afoul of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> (IRS) and was facing a demand for $7.8 billion in backdated taxes and interest, the highest in IRS history.

On September 12, 2006 GSK settled the largest tax dispute in IRS history agreeing to pay $3.1 billion. At issue in the case were Zantac and the other Glaxo Group heritage products sold from 1989–2005. The case was about an area of taxation dealing with intracompany "transfer pricing"—determining the share of profit attributable to the US subsidiaries of GSK and subject to tax by the IRS. Taxes for large multi-divisional companies are paid to revenue authorities based on the profits reported in particular tax jurisdictions, so how profits were allocated among various legacy Glaxo divisions based on the functions they performed was central to the dispute in this case.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-15">[16]</a>

On December 22, 2006, a US court decided in Hoorman, et al. v. SmithKline Beecham Corp that individuals who purchased <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Paxil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paxil (page does not exist)">Paxil</a>(R) or Paxil CR(TM) (paroxetine) for a minor child may be eligible for benefits under a $63.8 million Proposed Settlement.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-16">[17]</a>

The lawsuit won the argument that GSK promoted Paxil(R) or Paxil CR(TM) for prescription to children and adolescents while withholding and concealing material information about the medication's safety and effectiveness for minors. The lawsuit stemmed from a consumer advocate protest against Paroxetine manufacturer GSK. Since the FDA approved paroxetine in 1992, approximately 5,000 U.S. citizens – and thousands more worldwide – have sued GSK. Most of these people feel they were not sufficiently warned in advance of the drug's side effects and addictive properties.

<h4>Paxil induced suicides</h4>

According to "Paxil Protest", hundreds more lawsuits have been filed against GSK by families who claim Paxil drove a loved one to suicide. One account on describes the death of a child who left a note written in crayon, before hanging herself from a doorknob:<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-17">[18]</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-18">[19]</a>

<dl>

<dd>"Mom, by the time you find me, I'll be dead. I love you with all my heart. Don't worry, Jesus is with me."</dd>

</dl>

The mother had asked the child's doctor to take her off the medication after she suspected adverse side effects, which the doctor refused to do. The "Paxil Protest" reveals the hidden horrors of a drug claiming to improve quality of life; horrors that are not new to GSK. The Paxil Protest also reveals the history of the drug's development; revealing that GSK knew that the drug could induce suicide, dependence and withdrawal, prior to the drug being approved. Furthermore, GSK conspired to hide adverse effects in order to obtain approval from the FDA. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-19">[20]</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-20">[21]</a>

<h4>Paxil Protest</h4>

The Paxil Protest website was launched August 8, 2005 to offer both information about the protest and information on Paxil previously unavailable to the public. Just three weeks after its launch, the site received more than a quarter of a million hits. The original Paxil Protest website was removed from the internet in 2006. It is possible that the action to take down the site was undertaken as part of a confidentiality agreement or 'gag order' which the site owner entered into, as part of a settlement of his action against GSK. However, in March of 2007, the web site Seroxat Secrets. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-21">[22]</a> discovered that an archive of the was still available.

Gag orders are common in such cases and can extend to documents that defendants wish to remain hidden from the public. In some cases, such documents can become public at a later date, such as those made public by Dr. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Peter_Breggin" title="Peter Breggin" class="mw-redirect">Peter Breggin</a> in February of 2006.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-22">[23]</a>

<h3>Diet drugs</h3>

Drugs marketed by GSK include the weight loss drug <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alli" title="Alli">Alli</a>.

<h3>Antivirals (AZT & Retrovir)</h3>

Drugs used to treat HIV and AIDS are various classes of toxic chemotherapies known as "antivirals" or "antiretrovirals".

AZT was developed in 1964 in a cancer research lab. It is a chemotherapy drug used to kill the cells that make up living tissue and blood. It works by disrupting cellular replication at the genetic level. DNA is comprised of four bases that combining in pairs. The pairs line up and spiral into a double helix. AZT stops the spiral, breaks the chain and kills the cell. Considered too dangerous even for short term use, AZT was shelved and a patent was never filed. However, over 20 years later in 1986, Burroughs Wellcome (now GSK) recycled AZT into an AIDS drug. Testing labs that ordered the drug received it in a package bearing a skull and crossbones on a bright orange background with a "TOXIC" label and warnings against swallowing, inhaling and skin contact. Today, GSK sells AZT under the brand name "Retrovir" and as an ingredient in "Combivir" and "Trizivir." According to the warning label:

<dl>

<dd>"Retrovir (AZT) has been associated with Hematologic Toxicity (blood toxicity), including Neutropenia (loss of neurophils, an essential component of blood) and Severe Anemia (potentially fatal lack of blood production). Prolonged use of Retrovir has been associated with Symptomatic Myopathy (muscle wasting), Lactic Acidosis and Severe Hepatomegaly (liver swelling) with Steatosis (fat degeneration). Fatal Cases have been reported with the use of Nucleoside Analogues (AZT, 3TC, ddl, D4T) alone or in combination, including Retrovir and other Antiretrovirals."</dd>

</dl>

Worse yet, AZT doesn't even claim to work:

"Retrovir is not a cure for HIV infection ...The long-term effects of Retrovir are unknown at this time ...The long-term consequences of in utero and infant exposure to Retrovir are unknown, including the possible risk of cancer."

</blockquote>

Drugs containing AZT as an ingredient accounted for about one billion British pounds (over 1. 5 billion dollars) in GSK's 2002 sales alone. Other nucleoside analogues provided another 470 million pounds (750 million dollars) in sales. In 1986, AZT was rushed through its <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration" class="mw-redirect">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) approval trials in record speed. Overseen and funded by Burroughs Wellcome (now GSK), the trials were marred by false reporting and a total breakdown of study controls. Nevertheless, the drug was released to the market. Subsequent independent AZT studies revealed the obvious deadly nature of the drug. In English, Australian, and Dutch studies, AZT patients developed severe anemia, requiring multiple blood transfusions just to stay alive. In the Dutch study, three-quarters of the AZT patients died. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-23">[24]</a> See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/AIDS_industry" title="AIDS industry">AIDS industry</a>.

<h2>Clinical trials</h2>

<h3>Toxic drug trials on foster children</h3>

See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Foster_child_drug_trials" title="Foster child drug trials">Foster child drug trials</a>.

<h2>Animal testing</h2>

<div class="thumbcaption">Demonstration against HLS customer GSK. - NYC4 Animals - January 2008</div>

</div>

GlaxoSmithKline does <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">animal testing</a>.

<h4>Facility information, progress & USDA-APHIS reports</h4>

For links to copies of a facility's <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA)-Animal Plant Health Inspection (APHIS) reports, other information and links, see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.all-creatures.org/saen/res-fr.html">Stop Animal Experimentation NOW!: Facility Reports and Information</a>. This site contains listings for all 50 states, links to biomedical research facilities in that state and PDF copies of government documents where facilities must report their animal usage. (Search: GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania)

<h4>USDA AWA reports</h4>

As of May 26, 2009, the USDA began posting all inspection reports for animal breeders, dealers, exhibitors, handlers, research facilities and animal carriers by state. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/inspection_list.shtml">USDA Animal Welfare Inspection Reports</a>.

<h4>Contract testing</h4>

GlaxoSmithKline contract tests out to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a> (HLS).<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-24">[25]</a> Huntingdon Life Sciences is the 3rd largest contract research organization (CRO) in the world and the largest animal testing facility in all of Europe. Firms hire CROs to conduct animal toxicity tests for agrochemicals, petrochemicals, household products, pharmaceutical drugs and toxins. HLS has a long history of gross animal welfare violations. See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a>.

<h2>Personnel & board</h2>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Christopher_Gent" title="Christopher Gent">Christopher Gent</a> - Chairman</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Andrew_Witty" title="Andrew Witty">Andrew Witty</a> - CEO & Director</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Simon_Dingemans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Dingemans (page does not exist)">Simon Dingemans</a> - Executive Director & CFO<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-25">[26]</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>Key executives & 2008 pay</h3>

<ul>

<li>Andrew Witty - CEO - 2.65 M</li>

<li>Julian Heslop - Chief Financial Officer 1.40 M</li>

<li>Moncef Slaoui - Chairman of R&D, 1.75 M</li>

<li>David Pulman - President, Global Manufacturing and Supply</li>

<li>Marc Dunoyer - Pres, Pharmaceuticals, Asia-Pacific, Japan <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-26">[27]</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>Selected board members</h3>

<ul>

<li>Christopher Gent - Former CEO, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> Group, Director of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a> Holdings Inc, Director of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ferrari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrari (page does not exist)">Ferrari</a> S.p.A., member of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a>’s Chairman’s Advisory Group</li>

<li>Deryck Maughan - Managing Director, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/KKR" title="KKR">Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.</a>, Former Chairman & CEO, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a> International</li>

<li>Robert Wilson - Chairman, BG Group</li>

<li>Stephanie Burns - Chairman, President & CEO, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Dow_Corning" title="Dow Corning">Dow Corning</a> Corporation</li>

<li>Lawrence Culp - President and CEO of Danaher Corporation</li>

<li>Sir Crispin Davis - CEO, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Reed_Elsevier" title="Reed Elsevier">Reed Elsevier</a> PLC</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sir_Ian_Prosser" title="Sir Ian Prosser">Sir Ian Prosser</a> - CEO & CEP, Bass PLC, Former Chairman, London Stock Exchange Listed Advisory Council <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-27">[28]</a></li>

</ul>

<h4>James Murdoch</h4>

In February 2009, GSK announced that <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_Murdoch" title="James Murdoch">James Murdoch</a>, son of media mogul <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch" class="mw-redirect">Rupert Murdoch</a>, was joining GSK as a non-executive director its main board and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Corporate_social_responsibility" title="Corporate social responsibility" class="mw-redirect">corporate responsibility</a> committee. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_note-28">[29]</a>

<h3>Former board members</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tom_de_Swaan" title="Tom de Swaan">Tom de Swaan</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_Coombe" title="John Coombe">John Coombe</a> - former CFO</li>

</ul>

<h2>Contact</h2>

GlaxoSmithKline plc

980 Great West Road

Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS

United Kingdom

Phone: +44-20-8990-9000 Fax: +44-20-8990-4321

Web address: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://gsk.com/index.htm">http://gsk.com/index.htm</a>

5 Moore Drive

P.O. Box 13398

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

USA

Phone: 888 825 5249

One Franklin Plaza

Philadelphia, PA 19102

USA

Web address: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://us.gsk.com">http://us.gsk.com</a>

<h2>Articles & sources</h2>

<h3>SourceWatch articles</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/AIDS_industry" title="AIDS industry">AIDS industry</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Citizens_for_Better_Medicare" title="Citizens for Better Medicare">Citizens for Better Medicare</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_%26_The_Drug_Industry" title="Corporate Social Responsibility & The Drug Industry">Corporate Social Responsibility & The Drug Industry</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Direct-to-consumer_advertising_in_the_United_States" title="Direct-to-consumer advertising in the United States">Direct-to-consumer advertising in the United States</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Edelman" title="Edelman" class="mw-redirect">Edelman</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Eli_Lilly" title="Eli Lilly">Eli Lilly</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Foster_child_drug_trials" title="Foster child drug trials">Foster child drug trials</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline,the_Diabetes_Drug_Avandia_and_The_Intimidation_of_Dr.John_Buse" title="GlaxoSmithKline, the Diabetes Drug Avandia and The Intimidation of Dr. John Buse">GlaxoSmithKline, the Diabetes Drug Avandia and The Intimidation of Dr. John Buse</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline/stats,_details" title="GlaxoSmithKline/stats, details" class="mw-redirect">GlaxoSmithKline/stats, details</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Health_Care" title="Health Care">Health Care</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Healthcare_Leadership_Council" title="Healthcare Leadership Council">Healthcare Leadership Council</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Medicare_Prescription_Drug_Bill_Vote_Scandal,_2003" title="Medicare Prescription Drug Bill Vote Scandal, 2003">Medicare Prescription Drug Bill Vote Scandal, 2003</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/National_Alliance_on_Mental_Illness" title="National Alliance on Mental Illness">National Alliance on Mental Illness</a> (NAMI)</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/National_Primate_Research_Center_System" title="National Primate Research Center System">National Primate Research Center System</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pharmaceutical_Research_and_Manufacturers_of_America" title="Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America">Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SANE_Australia" title="SANE Australia">SANE Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Homeland_and_Lilly_Protection_Act" title="The Homeland and Lilly Protection Act">The Homeland and Lilly Protection Act</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S._prescription_drug_system" title="U.S. prescription drug system">U.S. prescription drug system</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Stacey_Cartwright" title="Stacey Cartwright">Stacey Cartwright</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_Cochrane" title="James Cochrane">James Cochrane ‎</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>External articles</h3>

<ul>

<li>Patricia Reaney <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodhealth.nu/News_Articles/040424-Drug_firms_withheld.htm">Drug Firms Withheld Negative Data Study</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Reuters" title="Reuters" class="mw-redirect">Reuters</a>, April 23, 2004.</li>

<li>Jeremy Laurance <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/pharmaceutical-companies-accused-of-manipulating-drug-trials-for-profit-560934.html">Pharmaceutical companies accused of manipulating drug trials for profit</a>, The Independent (UK), April 23, 2004.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3653779.stm">"Plans for new malaria treatment"</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> News, April 23, 2004.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tobacco.org/news/160406.html">Court backs GlaxoSmithKline on Calif. labeling"</a>, Reuters, April 15, 2004. (GSK wins case claiming that CA nicotine warning law is too stringent.)</li>

<li>Jeffrey H. Birnbaum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/22/AR2006112201940.html">"Democrats' Victory Is Felt On K Street,"</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Washington_Post" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, November 23, 2006. re: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>External resources</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Peter_Breggin" title="Peter Breggin" class="mw-redirect">Peter Breggin</a>, M.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breggin.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=55&Itemid=79">Medication Madness: The Role of Psychiatric Drugs in Cases of Violence, Suicide and Murder</a>, St. Martins Griffin, May 2009, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:BookSources/9780312565503" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0312565503</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>References</h3>

<li id="cite_note-0"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsk.com/about/history.htm">Our History</a>, GlaxoSmithKline, accessed February 2009</li>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=GLAXF:US&dataset=incomeStatement&period=A&currency=US%20Dollar">GlaxoSmithKline PLC Financials</a>,"Bloomberg BusinessWeek", accessed July 9, 2011</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=3027345&ticker=GSK:LN&previousCapId=275442&previousTitle=GLAXOSMITHKLINE%20PLC">Executive Profile: Andrew Witty</a>, Bloomberg BusinessWeek, accessed July 9, 2011</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-3">↑</a> American Legislative Exchange Council, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alec.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Private_Enterprise_Board&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=15992">Private Enterprise Board</a>, organizational website, accessed July 8, 2011</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?lname=GlaxoSmithKline&year=2009">GlaxoSmithKline lobbying expenses</a>, Open Secrets, accessed February 2010</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00199703&cycle=2010">2010 PAC Summary Data</a>, Open Secrets, accessed February 2010</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-6">↑</a> Beth Herskovits "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prweekus.com/pages/login.aspx?returl=/glaxosmithkline-to-engage-media-on-state-by-state-level/article/52502/&pagetypeid=28&articleid=52502&accesslevel=2&expireddays=0&accessAndPrice=0">GlaxoSmithKline to engage media on state-by-state level</a>, PR Week, June 6, 2005</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/node/3752">Plain Talk About Drug Company PR</a>, PR Week, June 6, 2005</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/company/GlaxoSmithKline_plc/crkxri-1-1njdap.htmlCompany">Description: GlaxoSmithKline</a>, Hoovers, accessed January 2011</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-9">↑</a> Steve Connor <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/glaxo-chief-our-drugs-do-not-work-on-most-patients-575942.html">GlaxoSmithKline Chief: Our Drugs Do Not Work On Most Patients</a>, The Independent Science, December 2003</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-10">↑</a> Steve Connor <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/glaxo-chief-our-drugs-do-not-work-on-most-patients-575942.html">GlaxoSmithKline Chief: Our Drugs Do Not Work On Most Patients</a>, The Independent Science, December 2003</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-11">↑</a> Darrel Crain, DC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetc1.com/search/placebos-accept-no-substitutes.html">Placebos: Accept no substitutes</a>, Planet Chiropractic.com, May 2006</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-12">↑</a> Wayne Kondro <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/170/5/783">Drug Company Experts advised staff to withhold data about SSRI use in children</a>, Canadian Medical Association Journal, March 2, 2004</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-13">↑</a> Evelyn Pringle <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counterpunch.org/pringle08162007.html">Protection Racket? The FDA and Avandia</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/CounterPunch" title="CounterPunch" class="mw-redirect">CounterPunch</a>, August 15, 2007</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-14">↑</a> Evelyn Pringle <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counterpunch.org/pringle08162007.html">Protection Racket? The FDA and Avandia</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/CounterPunch" title="CounterPunch" class="mw-redirect">CounterPunch</a>, August 15, 2007</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-15">↑</a> Carl Mortished <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,13129-2353321,00.html">GSK settles largest tax dispute in history for $3.1 billion</a>, The Times, Sept 12 2006</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pediatricpaxiltppsettlement.com/">Welcome to the Pediatric Paxil Third-Party Payor Settlement</a> Pediatric Paxil Third-Party Payor Settlement Information Website, accessed February 2010</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-17">↑</a> Dani Veracity <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstarget.com/011470.html">National Paxil Protest invites antidepressant drugs victims to join public outcry against GlaxoSmithKline</a>, Natural News, September 06, 2005</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepaxilprotest.com/">The Paxil Protest</a>, thepaxilprotest.com, accessed February 2010</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-19">↑</a> Dani Veracity <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstarget.com/011470.html">National Paxil Protest invites antidepressant drugs victims to join public outcry against GlaxoSmithKline</a>, Natural News, September 06, 2005</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepaxilprotest.com/">The Paxil Protest</a>, thepaxilprotest.com, accessed February 2010</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seroxatsecrets.wordpress.com/2007/03/03/the-paxil-protest-time-machine/">The Paxil Protest time machine</a>, Seroxat Secrets, March 3, 2007</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Dr. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Peter_Breggin" title="Peter Breggin" class="mw-redirect">Peter Breggin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-peter-breggin/fda-warns-that-paxil-make_b_21388.html">FDA Warns that Paxil Makes Depressed Adults Suicidal</a>, Huffington Post, May 2006</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-23">↑</a> Liam Scheff <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://campaignfortruth.com/Eclub/231104/CTM%20-%20AIDS%20orphans.htm">Noble Doctors Try New Drugs on AIDS Orphans</a>, Crux Magazine, November 2004</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shac.net/HLS/exposed/inside_hls/Inside_customers.html">Inside Customers</a>, SHAC.net, accessed December 2009</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/company/GlaxoSmithKline_plc/crkxri-1-1njdap.htmlCompany">Description: GlaxoSmithKline</a>, Hoovers, accessed January 2011</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=GSK">GlaxoSmithKline Key Executives</a>, Yahoo Finance, accessed February 2008</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gsk.com/investors/reps06/annual-report-2006.pdf">Pg 54, Board of Directors</a>, GlaxoSmithKline, accessed October 2007.</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline#cite_ref-28">↑</a> Javier Espinoza <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/03/glaxosmithkline-murdoch-jobs-markets-equity-0203_drugmakers-appointment.html?feed=rss_markets">Murdoch Joins Glaxo's Ranks: Drug maker recruits son of media mogul Rupert Murdoch as a non-executive director</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Forbes" title="Forbes" class="mw-redirect">Forbes</a>, February 3, 2009</li>

</ol>

</div>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>:

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Global_corporations" title="Category:Global corporations">Global corporations</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:ALEC_Exposed" title="Category:ALEC Exposed">ALEC Exposed</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Corporations" title="Category:Corporations">Corporations</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Health" title="Category:Health">Health</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Category:Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:United_Kingdom" title="Category:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Animal_testing" title="Category:Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Category:Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Human_rights_abuses" title="Category:Human rights abuses">Human rights abuses</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:International" title="Category:International">International</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:ALEC_Corporations" title="Category:ALEC Corporations">ALEC Corporations</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

ul class="mw-search-results">

<ul>

<li>

</li>

<li>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">* [[Charles A. Sanders]] -- Former Chairman & CEO, [[Glaxo]] Inc.</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">12 KB (1,624 words) - 16:39, 4 August 2009</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">... transnational biotechnology corporations, such as [[Rhone Poulenc]] and [[Glaxo Wellcome]], as well as from corporations in the oil, gas and nuclear indust</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">25 KB (3,972 words) - 01:43, 11 November 2009</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_K._Sebenius" title="James K. Sebenius">James K. Sebenius</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">... Group, American Express, AT&T, Lederle Labs, Sandoz, Lucent Technologies, Glaxo, Banamex, GE, GTE, Hewlett Packard, Northwest Water PLC, Novartis, Reuters,</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">5 KB (747 words) - 04:22, 3 January 2009</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Harvard_Center_for_Risk_Analysis" title="Harvard Center for Risk Analysis">Harvard Center for Risk Analysis</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">*Glaxo-Wellcome, Inc. (now [[GlaxoSmithKline]]) *Glaxo-Smithkline Beecham (now [[GlaxoSmithKline]])</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">22 KB (2,972 words) - 04:50, 3 January 2009</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Manning,Selvage%26_Lee" title="Manning, Selvage & Lee">Manning, Selvage & Lee</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...eld previously worked at the PR firm Manning Selvage & Lee (MS&L), helping Glaxo and other "healthcare clients maximize internet-relations." Former FDA Depu</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">20 KB (3,046 words) - 15:49, 12 August 2011</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/GlaxoSmithKline" title="GlaxoSmithKline">GlaxoSmithKline</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...luding Burroughs Wellcome & Company, Smith-Kline & French Laboratories and Glaxo Laboratories merged to form GSK.<ref>[http://gsk.com/about/history.htm Our ...arly the grassroots campaign is having an impact," said [[Michael Pucci]], Glaxo's VP of external advocacy. </ref></div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">24 KB (3,382 words) - 12:24, 15 December 2012</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush_Administration_Plan_for_Flu_Outbreaks" title="Bush Administration Plan for Flu Outbreaks">Bush Administration Plan for Flu Outbreaks</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">.../news/fortune500/birdflu/index.htm "Drugmakers meet with Bush, offer help. Glaxo ramping up facilities to fight bird flu after meeting with Bush, other cos. ...osmithkline/index.htm "Glaxo pushes for bird flu vaccine by '06. CEO wants Glaxo to be 'most intensive R&D company in the world',"] CNN/Money, October 28, 2</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">30 KB (4,307 words) - 05:44, 1 April 2008</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_Affairs_Council_Member_Firms" title="Public Affairs Council Member Firms">Public Affairs Council Member Firms</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">*[[Glaxo Wellcome]] (now [[GlaxoSmithKline]])</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">3 KB (389 words) - 21:36, 13 September 2007</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_Earnshaw" title="David Earnshaw">David Earnshaw</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">Earnshaw left SmithKline Beecham in February 2001 after it merged with Glaxo Wellcome. [http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/2001/04/18_mpp.html] In</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">7 KB (1,082 words) - 14:25, 30 November 2006</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...ead entered into a collaborative research agreement with [[GlaxoSmithKline|Glaxo]] for the research and development of genetic code blockers, also known as</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">18 KB (2,341 words) - 23:26, 22 February 2009</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jack_W._Martin" title="Jack W. Martin">Jack W. Martin</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...bott Laboratories]], [[American Home Products]], [[Bristol-Myers Squibb]], Glaxo-Wellcome, [[Hoechst Marion Roussel]], [[ICN Pharmaceuticals]], [[Interneuro</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">2 KB (203 words) - 04:35, 11 August 2008</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Paul_Adamson" title="Paul Adamson">Paul Adamson</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...uglas]], [[Smithkline Beecham]], [[Shell]], [[Rockwell International]] and Glaxo Wellcome. They have offices in Brussels, Strasbourg and Geneva. Adamson is</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">3 KB (399 words) - 11:40, 14 February 2006</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Hunger_Project" title="Hunger Project">Hunger Project</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">*[[Glaxo Smith Kline]]</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">5 KB (623 words) - 14:12, 16 December 2011</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Global_Business_Network" title="Global Business Network">Global Business Network</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">*[[Glaxo Wellcome ( GlaxoSmithKline )]]</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">11 KB (1,269 words) - 15:47, 15 November 2010</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ekbom_Support_Group" title="Ekbom Support Group">Ekbom Support Group</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">... Templeton, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2300695,00.html Glaxo's cure for 'restless legs' was an unlicensed drug]", ''The Sunday Times'',</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">859 B (124 words) - 01:12, 11 August 2008</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Restless_Legs_Syndrome" title="Restless Legs Syndrome">Restless Legs Syndrome</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E2DA1430F935A35756C0A9639C8B63 Glaxo drug for restless legs syndrome is approved]", ''New York Times''; Sect C: ... Templeton, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2300695,00.html Glaxo's cure for 'restless legs' was an unlicensed drug]", ''The Sunday Times'',</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">7 KB (1,057 words) - 14:11, 11 August 2008</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Matt_Ridley" title="Matt Ridley">Matt Ridley</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">* [[Glaxo]] science writer’s award for best science article1983</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">8 KB (1,119 words) - 22:22, 26 December 2011</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_A._Sanders" title="Charles A. Sanders">Charles A. Sanders</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...1989 to May 1995, and also served as a member of the board of directors of Glaxo plc. Previously, Dr. Sanders was general director of Massachusetts General "Before joining Glaxo Inc. Sanders spent eight years with Squibb Corp., where he held a number of</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">2 KB (291 words) - 06:37, 6 December 2006</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/H5N1_Influenza_Virus_Vaccine" title="H5N1 Influenza Virus Vaccine">H5N1 Influenza Virus Vaccine</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...postversion=2007011712 "Feds award bird flu vaccine contracts to Novartis, Glaxo ... receive more than $100 million from HHS to help prepare U.S. against bi ...om/health/2007/04/02/a-glaxo-bird-flu-vaccine-for-the-developing-world/ "A Glaxo Bird Flu Vaccine for the Developing World?"] ''Wall Street Journal'', April</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">14 KB (2,098 words) - 02:54, 11 August 2008</div>

</li>

<li>

<div class="mw-search-result-heading"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a></div>

<div class="searchresult">...the public. The rest were sold off in 1995, when the company was bought by Glaxo to form [[GlaxoWellcome]], which evolved into [[GlaxoSmithKline]].”?[http</div>

<div class="mw-search-result-data">2 KB (312 words) - 13:29, 3 August 2012</div>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

Glaxosmithkline gsk

Attachments