Knappenberger, C

=August 3, 2015IER President Thomas Pyle issued the following <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20160521194514/http://americanenergyalliance.org/2015/08/03/obamas-carbon-rule-still-a-bad-deal-for-americans/" target="blank" rel="noopener external noreferrer" data-wpel-link="external" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">statement criticizing President Obama’s Clean Power Plan</a>: <a href="https://www.desmog.com/institute-energy-research/#s50" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">[50]</a><blockquote class="wp-block-quote" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; position: relative; margin-top: 10px;">“The final version of President Obama’s ‘Clean Power Plan’ is somehow more harmful than the proposed rule. It forces states to make even steeper cuts, it guts natural gas in favor of costly renewables, and it still has no effect on climate change. While the EPA touts these adjustments to the rule as a sign of ‘flexibility’, it’s really an admission that Obama needs states to do his dirty work. But state leaders shouldn’t give in to the administration’s bribery schemes. Regardless of these cosmetic changes to the rule, the fundamental flaws remain.“It’s important to remember that President Obama’s carbon regulation, the crown jewel of his climate legacy, has no impact on climate change. EPA’s own models [note triple faced BS] show that their carbon rule will limit global temperature rise by a mere 0.018 degrees Celsius by 2100. That’s a bad deal for the American people. State leaders should protect their citizens from Obama’s costly carbon rule by refusing to submit a plan.”[[The study, conducted by an international team led by researchers at University of Leeds, says that even if lockdown measures continue until the end of 2021—more than a year and a half in total—the planet may only cool by about 0.018 degrees Fahrenheit by 2030.]]{{<a href="https://www.heritage.org/environment/report/the-many-problems-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-primer">https://www.heritage.org/environment/report/the-many-problems-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-primer</a></blockquote><blockquote class="wp-block-quote" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; position: relative; margin-top: 10px;">...</blockquote><h3 gotham="gotham" a="a" b="b" font-weight="font-weight" font-size="font-size" rem="rem" color="color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Climate and Environmental Benefits: None</h3>The trade-off that Americans receive for higher electricity rates, unemployment, and lower levels of prosperity is not an appealing one. Even though electricity generation accounts for the single-largest source of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States, the estimated reduction is minuscule compared to global greenhouse gas emissions. Using the “Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Induced Climate Change,” developed with support from the EPA, climatologists Paul Knappenberger and Patrick Michaels estimate that the climate regulations will avert a meager –0.018 degree Celsius (C) of warming by the year 2100.<a name="ftnref14" href="https://www.heritage.org/environment/report/the-many-problems-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-primer#ftn14" id="ftnref14" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">[14]</a>In fact, the U.S. could cut its CO2 emissions 100 percent and it would not make a difference in global warming...<div><a href="https://www.heritage.org/environment/report/the-many-problems-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-primer#ftnref13" name="ftn13" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">[13]</a> Kevin D. Dayaratna, Nicolas Loris, and David W. Kreutzer, “The Obama Administration’s Climate Agenda Will Hit Manufacturing Hard: A State-by-State Analysis,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2990, February 17, 2015, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2015/02/the-obama-administrations-climate-agenda-will-hit-manufacturing-hard-a-state-by-state-analysis.
<a href="https://www.heritage.org/environment/report/the-many-problems-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-primer#ftnref14" name="ftn14" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">[14]</a> Paul C. Knappenberger and Patrick J. Michaels, “0.02°C Temperature Rise Averted: The Vital Number Missing from the EPA’s ‘By the Numbers’ Fact Sheet,” Cato at Liberty blog, June 11, 2014, http://www.cato.org/blog/002degc-temperature-rise-averted-vital-number-missing-epas-numbers-fact-sheet (accessed May 26, 2015).
<a href="https://www.heritage.org/environment/report/the-many-problems-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-primer#ftnref15" name="ftn15" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">[15]</a> Paul C. Knappenberger and Patrick J. Michaels, “Current Wisdom: We Calculate, You Decide: A Handy-Dandy Carbon Tax Temperature-Savings Calculator,” Cato at Liberty blog, July 23, 2013, http://www.cato.org/blog/current-wisdom-we-calculate-you-decide-handy-dandy-carbon-tax-temperature-savings-calculator (accessed May 26, 2015).<a href="https://www.heritage.org/environment/report/the-many-problems-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-primer#ftnref16" name="ftn16" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s;">[16]</a> Judith A. Curry, “Statement to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the United States Senate,” January 16, 2014, http://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=07472bb4-3eeb-42da-a49d-964165860275 (accessed May 26, 2015).</div>}}=published by cato:<div class="wrapper--long-form spacer--standout" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: var(--spacer-double); margin-bottom: var(--spacer-double); padding-left: var(--spacer-lf); padding-right: var(--spacer-lf);"><div class="js-animation-scroll animation animation-fadein animation-fadein--up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: var(--background); transition: all 0.75s ease-in-out 0s;"><div class="block" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: var(--background);"><div class="block--inner" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: var(--background);"><div class="mb-3 spacer--nomargin--last-child text-default" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: var(--background); margin-bottom: 0px !important;">When it comes to global warming, most people think there are two camps: “alarmist” or “denier” being their respective pejoratives. Either you acknowledge the existence of man‐made climate change and consider it a dire global threat, or you deny it exists at all. But there is a third group: the “lukewarmers.” In Lukewarming: The New Climate Science that Changes Everything, Pat Michaels and Chip Knappenberger explain the real science and spin behind the headlines and come to a provocative conclusion: global warming is not hot—it’s lukewarm. Climate change is real, it is partially man‐made, but it is clearer than ever that its impact has been exaggerated—with many of the headline‐grabbing predictions now being rendered implausible or impossible. This new paperback edition of the book is a revised and expanded edition of last year’s ebook‐only edition of Lukewarming. This new edition includes updates in science and policy following the accords reached at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris. This fresh analysis is an invaluable source for those looking to be more informed about global warming and the data behind it. Also available at <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Lukewarming-Climate-Science-Changes-Everything-ebook/dp/B01LWAR9B1/ref=mt_kindle?_encoding=UTF8&me=" style="font-weight: var(--link-weight); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: var(--link-decoration); background-color: initial; --text-color:var(--link-color);">Amazon</a>.</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrapper--long-form spacer--standout" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: var(--spacer-double); margin-bottom: var(--spacer-double); padding-left: var(--spacer-lf); padding-right: var(--spacer-lf);"><div class="js-animation-scroll animation animation-fadein animation-fadein--up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: var(--background); transition: all 0.75s ease-in-out 0s;"><div class="block" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: var(--background);"><h4 class="blocktitle heading" style="font-weight: var(--text-weight); box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; hyphens: none; background: var(--heading-background); --text-weight:600; --link-color:var(--h4-heading-color,--heading-color); --link-hover-color:var(--h4-heading-color,--heading-color); text-transform: uppercase; padding-bottom: 1rem; border-bottom: var(--border-standard);">PRAISE FOR THE BOOK</h4><div class="block--inner" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: var(--background);"><div class="mb-3 spacer--nomargin--last-child text-default" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: var(--background); margin-bottom: 0px !important;">“Pat Michaels and Paul Knappenberger are real climate scientists, who think that man‐made global warming is real. But they refuse to buy into the politicized pseudoscience that has increasingly been used to buttress the case that global warming is also likely to be dangerous. For this they have been routinely vilified. In this light but serious book, they expose many shocking myths about climate change and make a devastating case for lukewarming.” —Matt Ridley, author of The Rational Optimist “This is a splendid book that will help any interested person understand not only the latest advances in honest climate science, but also the nonscientific machinations of the climate movement. I look forward to having a copy of the book in my own library.” —Will Happer, Cyrus Fogg Brackett Professor of Physics at Princeton University “This book is a model of good science. Bad scientists ignore uncomfortable facts; good scientists embrace them. The environmental facts are that the globe is, yet again, warming—but only gently. Pat Michaels describes himself, wittily, as a lukewarmer, and in this witty but penetrating book he shows how good science and sane policies can march together to benefit us all.” —Terence Kealey, Vice Chancellor of the University of Buckingham</div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrapper--long-form spacer--standout" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: var(--spacer-double); margin-bottom: 0px; padding-left: var(--spacer-lf); padding-right: var(--spacer-lf);"><div class="js-animation-scroll animation animation-fadein animation-fadein--up" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.75s ease-in-out 0s;"><div class="block" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h4 class="blocktitle heading" style="font-weight: var(--text-weight); box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; hyphens: none; background: var(--heading-background); --text-weight:600; --link-color:var(--h4-heading-color,--heading-color); --link-hover-color:var(--h4-heading-color,--heading-color); text-transform: uppercase; padding-bottom: 1rem; border-bottom: var(--border-standard);">ABOUT THE AUTHORS</h4><div class="block--inner" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="mb-3 spacer--nomargin--last-child text-default" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px !important;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; background-image: ; background-position-x: ; background-position-y: ; background-size: ; background-repeat-x: ; background-repeat-y: ; background-attachment: ; background-origin: ; background-clip: ;">Patrick J. Michaels is the director of the Center for the Study of Science at the Cato Institute. Michaels is a past president of the American Association of State Climatologists and was program chair for the Committee on Applied Climatology of the American Meteorological Society. He is the author or editor of six books on climate and its impact including Climate Coup: Global Warming’s Invasion of Our Government and Our Lives and Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don’t Want You to Know. Chip Knappenberger is the assistant director of the Center for the Study of Science at the Cato Institute, and coordinates the scientific and outreach activities for the Center. He has over 20 years of experience in climate research and public outreach. He has published numerous papers in the major atmospheric science journals on global warming, hurricanes, precipitation changes, weather and mortality, and Greenland ice melt, among many other areas, and is a very popular presenter at climate conferences worldwide.</div></div></div></div></div>==

2013

Staffers from some Koch-funded nonprofit groups have continued to testify before Congress, sowing doubt about climate change in spite of scientists’ consensus that global warming exists, that it warrants concern and that it is tied to human behavior.

Recent 2013 testimony includes:

• On Feb. 5, Mary Hutzler, senior fellow at the Institute for Energy Research, told members of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce that research shows America has an abundance of fossil fuel reserves that could power the nation for nearly 600 years.

Hutzler urged lawmakers to allow drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, off the coast of the southern United States and in the Green River that runs through Colorado, Utah and Wyoming.

“Our economy needs the lasting stimulus that robust energy development on federal lands and waters would provide,” she said, according to the committee transcript.

• On Feb. 14, her colleague, Daniel Simmons, director of Regulatory and State Affairs at the Institute for Energy Research, told members of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform that environmental regulation of the oil industry is to blame for the rising cost of gasoline. He also suggested opening up the same federal lands to oil and gas drilling.

• A month later, on March 13, Hutzler testified during a hearing of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology that federal subsidies of wind, solar and other renewable energy sources had failed to make America energy independent. She argued that the fuels receiving the most government money produced the least amount of energy.

• On April 24, an energy policy analyst at the Heritage Foundation, testifying before the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, criticized federal incentives for companies that make fuel-efficient cars.

• On April 25, Simmons urged members of the House Committee on Natural Resources to support a bill that would allow companies to drill for oil in the Gulf of Mexico, in waters belonging to the United States and Mexico. At the same hearing, research fellows at the Heritage Foundation also testified in favor of the bill.

• On May 7, Paul Knappenberger, assistant director of the Center for the Study of Science at the Cato Institute, told members of House Committee on Science, Space and Technology that carbon dioxide emissions from the proposed Keystone XL oil pipeline would have an insignificant impact on climate change. He also challenged the notion of a scientific consensus linking carbon dioxide emissions to climate change.

“The more we learn, the less responsive it seems that the earth’s average temperature is to human carbon-dioxide emissions,” Knappenberger said.

And testimony last year included this:

• On Sept. 11, 2012: David Kreutzer, a research fellow at the Heritage Foundation, emphasized uncertainty about carbon dioxide’s role in global warming during a hearing before the House Energy and Commerce Committee. Kreutzer criticized the EPA’s funding of environmental programs in developing countries, adding that “the magnitude of carbon dioxide’s impact on global warming is, in fact, not settled.”

Other Koch-funded groups whose staff and researchers have testified in recent years against federal environmental regulation are the George C. Marshall Institute, the American Council for Capital Formation, the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, the Mercatus Center at George Mason University, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, the Reason Foundation and the Texas Public Policy Foundation.

===

bs <a href="http://www.cato.org/people/chip-knappenberger">http://www.cato.org/people/chip-knappenberger</a>

eg grow our way out of agw = supply side tax voodoo

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 28px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">The impact of climate change will be easier to handle in a wealthier world. So how much global GDP be devoted to the problem? Paul C. “Chip” Knappenberger comments.

==SW

Paul C. ("Chip") Knappenberger is the Administrator of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/World_Climate_Report" title="World Climate Report" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">World Climate Report</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_note-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a>, a blog published by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/New_Hope_Environmental_Services" title="New Hope Environmental Services" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New Hope Environmental Services</a>, "an advocacy science consulting firm"<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a> run by global warming skeptic, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Patrick_J.Michaels" title="Patrick J. Michaels" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Patrick J. Michaels</a>. New Hope Environmental Services does not disclose its clients but these have included fossil-fuel based power utilities including <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tri-State_Generation%26_Transmission_Association" title="Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association" class="mw-redirect" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Tri-State Generation & Transmission Association</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Intermountain_Rural_Electric_Association" title="Intermountain Rural Electric Association" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Intermountain Rural Electric Association</a>. In an affidavit in a court case Michaels argued against disclosure of his clients on the grounds that "large companies are understandably adverse to negative publicity. Thus, the global warming controversy has created an environment in which companies who wish to support New Hope's research and advocacy about global warming science are increasingly willing to do so only if their support remains confidential."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_note-PMAffadavit-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a>

Knappenberger has co-authored several papers with fellow warming skeptic <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Patrick_Michaels" title="Patrick Michaels" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Patrick Michaels</a> (see the resources section below) and is a contributor toMasterResource, a "free-market energy blog."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_note-MR-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#Background" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 Background</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#Disputed_background" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.1 Disputed background</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#Articles_and_resources" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 Articles and resources</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2.1 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2.2 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#External_articles" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2.3 External articles</a>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#Articles_co-authored_by_Knappenberger" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2.3.1 Articles co-authored by Knappenberger</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto;">Background</h2>

A biographical note states that Knappenberger "holds an M.S. degree in Environmental Sciences (1990) from the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/University_of_Virginia_Department_of_Environmental_Sciences" title="University of Virginia Department of Environmental Sciences" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">University of Virginia</a> as well as a B.A. degree in Environmental Sciences (1986) from the same institution. His over 20 years of experience as a climate researcher have included 10 years with the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Virginia_State_Climatology_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia State Climatology Office (page does not exist)" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Virginia State Climatology Office</a> and 13 years with <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/New_Hope_Environmental_Services" title="New Hope Environmental Services" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New Hope Environmental Services</a>, Inc. During his career, he has studied such diverse topics as patterns of global warming, causes of global warming, hurricanes, behavior of U.S. temperature and precipitation change, weather/mortality relationships in the United States, Greenland ice melt, diurnal temperature change, weather and agriculture, circulation changes in the eastern United States, snowfall/temperature relationships in Canada, wintertime coastal storm tracks in the eastern United States, and winter weather forecasting techniques. From this research, he has authored or co-authored over 20 papers appearing in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, and numerous others appearing in scientific conference proceedings, professional journals, and the popular press."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_note-MR-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a>

<h3 style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;">Disputed background</h3>

The ExxonSecrets site lists Knappenberger and Michaels as having worked on the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_C._Marshall_Institute" title="George C. Marshall Institute" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Marshall Institute</a>'s <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Independent_Commission_on_Environmental_Education" title="Independent Commission on Environmental Education" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Independent Commission on Environmental Education</a>(ICEE)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a>, but this information appears to be incorrect, as the ExxonSecrets list of ICEE personnel matches neither the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Independent_Commission_on_Environmental_Education#Personnel" title="Independent Commission on Environmental Education" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Marshall Institute's ICEE list</a> nor Knappenberger's recollections<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a>

<h2 style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto;">Articles and resources</h2>

<h3 style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;">Related SourceWatch articles</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Global_warming_skeptics" title="Global warming skeptics" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Global warming skeptics</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;">References</h3>

<li id="cite_note-0" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_ref-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldclimatereport.com/index.php/personnel/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"Staff"</a>, World Climate Report, March 15, 2005.</li>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhes.com/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"New Hope Environmental Services"</a>, New Hope Environmental Services website, accessed May 2009.</li>

<li id="cite_note-PMAffadavit-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_ref-PMAffadavit_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> Dr. Patrick J. Michaels, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/images/e/e5/GreenMtDoc521-3.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcaqaaaanowc2aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaae5jrefuef5lykekgdambdf="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF" es="Es" qkiosicburxizjoozohmwex6gwmkcei="QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI" oqc2c1fnvnf2ejlqyu0tlk2njy6f="Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f" l8v12ti7uhffgdj19b58ewxuqkaaaaabjru5erkjggg="=" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"Affidavit of Dr. Patrick J. Michaels"</a>, United States District Court for the District of Vermont, Green Mountain Chrysler et al. v. Crombie et al., Docket No. 02:05-CV-302, July 6, 2007.(Pdf)</li>

<li id="cite_note-MR-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_ref-MR_3-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_ref-MR_3-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://masterresource.org/?page_id=71/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"About - MasterResource"</a>, MasterResource (blog), accessed May 2009.</li>

<li id="cite_note-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> Greenpeace USA, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=86" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"FACTSHEET: Independent Commission on Environmental Education, ICEE"</a>, Exxonsecrets, accessed May 2009.</li>

<li id="cite_note-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/images/c/c9/Email_PCKnappenberger_2010-01-08.pdf" class="internal" title="Email PCKnappenberger 2010-01-08.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Media:Email PCKnappenberger 2010-01-08.pdf</a></li>

</ol>

<h3 style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;">External articles</h3>

<h4 style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto;">Articles co-authored by Knappenberger</h4>

<li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Patrick J. Michaels, P.C. Knappenberger, and R.E. Davis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv23n3/michaels.pdf" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: url("");" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcaqaaaanowc2aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaae5jrefuef5lykekgdambdf="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF" es="Es" qkiosicburxizjoozohmwex6gwmkcei="QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI" oqc2c1fnvnf2ejlqyu0tlk2njy6f="Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f" l8v12ti7uhffgdj19b58ewxuqkaaaaabjru5erkjggg="=" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"The way of warming"</a>, Regulation, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Cato Institute</a>, January 1, 2000, Volume 33, pages 10-16.</li>

<li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Patrick J. Michaels, and P.C. Knappenberger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2000/2000GL011833.shtml" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: url("");" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"Natural signals in the MSU lower tropospheric temperature record"</a>, Geophysical Research Letters, August 2, 2000, Volume 27, pages 2905-2908.</li>

<li style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">P.C. Knappenberger, Patrick J. Michaels and R.E. Davis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.int-res.com/articles/cr/17/c017p045.pdf" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: url("");" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcaqaaaanowc2aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaae5jrefuef5lykekgdambdf="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF" es="Es" qkiosicburxizjoozohmwex6gwmkcei="QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI" oqc2c1fnvnf2ejlqyu0tlk2njy6f="Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f" l8v12ti7uhffgdj19b58ewxuqkaaaaabjru5erkjggg="=" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"The Nature of Observed Temperature Changes Across the United States During the 20th Century"</a>, Climate Research, July 2001, Volume 17, pages 45-53.</li>

<li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">J.D. Hux, P.C. Knappenberger, Patrick J. Michaels, and P.J. Stenger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/41304.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcaqaaaanowc2aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaae5jrefuef5lykekgdambdf="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF" es="Es" qkiosicburxizjoozohmwex6gwmkcei="QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI" oqc2c1fnvnf2ejlqyu0tlk2njy6f="Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f" l8v12ti7uhffgdj19b58ewxuqkaaaaabjru5erkjggg="=" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"Development of a discriminant analysis mixed precipitation (DAMP) forecast model for mid-Atlantic winter storms"</a>, Weather and Forecasting, Number 16, 2001, pages 248-259.</li>

</ul>

</div>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Category</a>:

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Climate_change" title="Category:Climate change" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Climate change</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

===

• On May 7, Paul Knappenberger, assistant director of the Center for the Study of Science at the Cato Institute, told members of House Committee on Science, Space and Technology that carbon dioxide emissions from the proposed Keystone XL oil pipeline would have an insignificant impact on climate change. He also challenged the notion of a scientific consensus linking carbon dioxide emissions to climate change.

“The more we learn, the less responsive it seems that the earth’s average temperature is to human carbon-dioxide emissions,” Knappenberger said.

==

<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7132">http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7132</a>

<h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; font-weight: 300; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Credentials </h2>

<li style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">M.S., Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia (1990).</li>

<li style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">B.A. degree, Environmental Science, University of Virginia (1986). </li>

</ul>

<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Paul C. ("Chip") Knappenberger is the Administrator of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=World_Climate_Report" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">World Climate Report</a>, a blog published by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=New_Hope_Environmental_Services" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">New Hope Environmental Services</a>, "an advocacy science consulting firm" run by global warming skeptic, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/patrick-michaels" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Patrick J. Michaels</a>.

Knappenberger co-authored several papers with fellow skeptic <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/patrick-michaels" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Patrick Michaels</a> and is also a contributor to <a href="http://www.masterresource.org/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">MasterResource</a>, a "free-market energy blog."

<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">"The fact of the matter is that there does exist a growing body of scientific evidence that the climate changes in the coming decades will be modest and proceed at a rate that will lie somewhere near the low end of the IPCC projected temperature range." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s2" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a>

". . .the warming that appears in the compiled temperature history of the state [Utah] may not be evidence of regional (or larger-scale) climate change, but instead may be caused by non-climatic influences on the local thermometers."<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a>

</blockquote>

"There is still a general lack of evidence that shows a statistically significant relationship between anthropogenic climate change and weather-related damage..." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s4" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a>

</blockquote>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=13" target="_blank" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">According to ExxonSecrets</a>, Knappenberger was a speaker at the Heartland Institute's 2010 International Conference on Climate Change. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s5" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[5</a><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s5" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">]</a>

<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">MasterResource — <a href="http://www.masterresource.org/about/" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Contributor</a>. IER</li>

</ul>

<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=World_Climate_Report" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">World Climate Report (WCR)</a> — "<a href="http://www.worldclimatereport.com/index.php/personnel/" target="blank" style="font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Administrator</a>." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s6" style="font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=New_Hope_Environmental_Services#cite_note-2" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">New Hope Environmental Services</a> — Past "<a href="http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2000/07/01/droughting-forecast" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Technical Supervisor,</a>" <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a> and "<a href="http://www.masterresource.org/about/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Climate Researcher</a>." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></li>

</ul>

<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.5px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">According to MasterResource, Knappenberger has authored or co-authored over 20 papers "appearing in the peer-reviewed scientific literature," and others in scientific conference proceedings, professional journals, and the press.

Many of his papers were co-authored with fellow skeptic Patrick J. Michaels, and some are published by conservative think-tanks such as the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Cato" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Cato Institute</a> and the Science and Public Policy Institute (<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Science_and_Public_Policy_Institute" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">SPPI</a>). Some of Knappenberger's scientific articles have been <a href="http://deepclimate.org/2010/06/06/michaels-and-knappenbergers-world-climate-report-no-warming-whatsoever-over-the-past-decade/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">debunked by DeepClimate</a>. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger#s8" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a>

Sample Publications:

<li style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Patrick J. Michaels, P.C. Knappenberger, and R.E. Davis, "The way of warming" (<a href="http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv23n3/michaels.pdf" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>),Regulation, Cato Institute, January 1, 2000, Volume 33, pages 10-16.</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Patrick J. Michaels, and P.C. Knappenberger, "<a href="http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2000/2000GL011833.shtml" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Natural signals in the MSU lower tropospheric temperature record</a>," Geophysical Research Letters, August 2, 2000, Volume 27, pages 2905-2908.</li>

</ul>

<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Paul C. Knappenberger, "<a href="http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/originals/utahs_climate_variability.html" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Utah's Climate Variability</a>," SPPI Original Paper, September 29, 2010. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Science_and_Public_Policy_Institute" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Science and Public Policy Institute</a>.</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">P.C. Knappenberger, Patrick J. Michaels and R.E. Davis, "The Nature of Observed Temperature Changes Across the United States During the 20th Century " (<a href="http://www.int-res.com/articles/cr/17/c017p045.pdf" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), Climate Research, July 2001, Volume 17, pages 45-53.</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">J.D. Hux, P.C. Knappenberger, Patrick J. Michaels, and P.J. Stenger, "Development of a discriminant analysis mixed precipitation (DAMP) forecast model for mid-Atlantic winter storms" (<a href="http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/41304.pdf" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), Weather and Forecasting, Number 16, 2001, pages 248-259.</li>

</ul>

<a name="s1" id="s1" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </a>"<a href="http://www.masterresource.org/about/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">About - MasterResource</a>," MasterResource (blog). Accessed January, 2012.

</li>

<a name="s2" id="s2" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </a>"<a href="http://www.federalobserver.com/archive.php?aid=9934" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Caruba</a><a href="http://www.federalobserver.com/archive.php?aid=9934" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">: Global Warming is More Scare than Science</a>," The Federal Observer, Vol. 11, No. 232 (August 21, 2011).

</li>

<a name="s3" id="s3" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </a>Paul C. Knappenberger, "<a href="http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/originals/utahs_climate_variability.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Utah's Climate Variability</a>," SPPI Original Paper, September 29, 2010. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Science_and_Public_Policy_Institute" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Science and Public Policy Institute</a>.

</li>

<a name="s4" id="s4" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </a>"<a href="http://www.masterresource.org/2011/03/coal-externalities-knappenberger/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Coal: 'Externalities' Can be Positive, Not Only Negative</a>," MasterResource (blog), March 7, 2011.

</li>

<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=13" name="s5" id="s5" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">ExxonSecrets Factsheet: Paul C. Knappenberger.</a>

</li>

<a name="s6" id="s6" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </a>"<a href="http://www.worldclimatereport.com/index.php/personnel/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Staff</a>," World Climate Report, March 15, 2005.

</li>

<a name="s7" id="s7" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </a>"<a href="http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2000/07/01/droughting-forecast" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Droughting the forecast</a>," The Heartlander, July 1, 2000.

</li>

<a name="s8" id="s8" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> </a>"<a href="http://deepclimate.org/2010/06/06/michaels-and-knappenbergers-world-climate-report-no-warming-whatsoever-over-the-past-decade/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Michaels and Knappenberger’s World Climate Report: 'No warming whatsoever over the past decade'</a>," Deep Climate, June 6, 2010.

</li>

"<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chip_Knappenberger" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Chip Knappenberger</a>," SourceWatch Profile.

</li>

</ol>

<h2><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger">Chip Knappenberger</a></h2>

<h1>Chip Knappenberger</h1>

<h2>Credentials </h2>

<ul>

<li>M.S., Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia (1990).</li>

<li>B.A. degree, Environmental Science, University of Virginia (1986). </li>

</ul>

Source: <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7132#s1">[1]</a>

</div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/913">global warming</a></div>

<div class="field-item odd"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/939">climate change</a></div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2185">new hope environmental services</a></div>

<div class="field-item odd"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2540">desmogblog</a></div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2560">global warming blog</a></div>

<div class="field-item odd"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2654">denial industry</a></div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/3068">climate change denier</a></div>

<div class="field-item odd"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/3432">global warming skeptic</a></div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4046">global warming research</a></div>

<div class="field-item odd"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4047">climate misinformation</a></div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5721">smogger</a></div>

<div class="field-item odd"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6886">climate change skeptic</a></div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7014">World climate report</a></div>

<div class="field-item odd"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7132" class="active">Paul C Knappenberger</a></div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7133">Chip Knappenberger</a></div>

<div class="field-item odd"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7705">climate denialism</a></div>

<div class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7706">denial database</a></div>

</div>

<div class="blogreadmore">Read more: <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chip-knappenberger">Chip Knappenberger</a></div>

</div>