Seralini
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>somewhat late: see entine, gmonsanto tag</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>note bak has some newer content</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><a href="https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/2018/06/european-studies-disprove-seralinis-gmo-maize-tumor-claims/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/2018/06/european-studies-disprove-seralinis-gmo-maize-tumor-claims/</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">june 2018</font></div><div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Three European studies have disproved Gilles-Éric Séralini’s widely circulated claims that genetically modified maize (corn) induces tumors in rats.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Séralini, a professor at the University of Caen, published his sensational claims in Food and Chemical Toxicology in September 2012, and used them to call for long-term GMO feeding studies. Though the publication later retracted his study, anti-GMO groups have continued to circulate Séralini’s conclusions in a bid to stoke fears about the safety of GM foods.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Now three studies — GRACE and G-TwYST, funded by the European Union, and GMO90+ in France — have refuted Séralini’s main conclusions about the toxicity of herbicide-tolerant (Roundup Ready) maize. The research — conducted to address concerns raised by the Seralini study and provide the EU with guidance on the need for long-term studies — identified no potential risk from the product.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“European consumers must be informed of the results of these studies, [which] should reassure them on the quality for their health of genetically modified plants authorized for commercialization and on the European evaluation procedure, already the most rigorous in the world,” the French Association of Plant Biotechnology (AFBV) stated. “In addition, these new studies contradict Seralini’s proposal on the need to carry out long-term studies.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The EU requires applicants to conduct a 90-day feeding assessment study on whole GMO food/feed before it can be placed on the market. The original assessment conducted for herbicide-tolerant maize identified no potential risk to humans.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The G-TwYST (GM Plant Two Year Safety Testing) data from 90-day and long-term rodent feeding studies did not identify potential risks as well, and therefore support the results from the initial analyses,” according to the study’s <a href="https://www.g-twyst.eu/files/Conclusions-Recommendations/GTwYSTConclusionsandrecommendations-final.pdf" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 30px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;">conclusions and recommendation’s document</a>, which was presented at an April 29, 2018 conference in Bratislava, Slovaki.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It was concluded that there were no adverse effects related to the administration of the GM maize NK603 cultivated with or without Roundup,” the report stated.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The research included a combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study, and “no toxicologically relevant effects related to the GM maize NK603 or the GM maize NK603 treated with Roundup were observed,” the report stated.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The GRACE (GMO Risk Assessment and Communication of Evidence) study conducted two 90-day feeding trials on rats using two different varieties of maize genetically modified to resist insect pests and tolerate glyphosate. “The results showed that the two GM maize varieties tested did not trigger any negative effects in the trial animals,” according to <a href="http://www.grace-fp7.eu/content/eu-research-project-grace-publishes-first-study-findings" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 30px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;">a report on the findings.</a></font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Additionally, data showed the GM maize did not affect the immune functions tested in both of the 90-day studies.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The GRACE study was published in <a href="http://www.grace-fp7.eu/sites/default/files/GRACE-FeedingTrials_AB_ArchToxicol_2014.pdf" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 30px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;">Archives of Toxicology</a>.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <a href="http://www.recherche-riskogm.fr/sites/default/files/projets/2015_02_13_gmo90plus_en_ligne.pdf" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 30px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;">GMO90+ study</a> also assessed the Bt maize, using a 180-day feeding trial, and found no negative effects on the rodents.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In addition to addressing concerns raised by the Séralini study, the research was intended to provide the EU with guidance whether it’s necessary to conduct a two-year carcinogenicity feeding trial on rats with whole food/feed. “The necessity to perform a feeding trial with whole food/feed should be carefully evaluated given the high number of animals needed,” the G-TwYST report concluded.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Due to the controversial nature of the research, “substantial efforts were made to ensure stakeholder engagement, transparency and data accessibility,” the G-TwYST report stated. “These included stakeholder engagement in both project plans and results; making available draft research plans and preliminary research results (all data produced) for stakeholder scrutiny; a procedure for discussing, systematically considering and responding to all stakeholder comments as well as tracking how the comments were considered in the project; detailed documentation and transparency of all steps; open access publications, and an open access repository for raw data to be available following academic publication of the results. The approach received high praising from the majority of stakeholder participants.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 15px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The report further noted: “These challenges and the considerable resources and efforts needed do not suggest this approach to be used on a routine basis. Yet, in case of highly contested scientific-technical issues and polarized views, the approach remains an interesting option to improve the quality and social robustness of research.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The results from the experiments are now published on <a href="https://www.enviscope.com/" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 30px; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none;">envision.com</a>.</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">translated auto:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate"><i><b>Agriculture & Environment</b></i> is a monthly <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France&usg=ALkJrhhO6gW7PSJ2Kb_LG2UJMZRS66HAgw" title="la France" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">French</a> newsletter and a polemical decryption blog of <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture&usg=ALkJrhiq6is-vvYZBOn6yx1NUtG-ZgfrwA" title="Agriculture" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">agricultural</a> news.</span> <span class="notranslate">Founded and written by Gil Rivière-Wekstein and edited by consulting firm Amos Prospective, it is available by <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abonnement&usg=ALkJrhhGz-MG_I2u7lbukyZu-1z1qVG-hQ" title="Subscription" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">subscription</a> .</span> <span class="notranslate">Editorials, news, dossiers and book reviews are <span title="This passage is evasive and deserves to be clarified" style="border-bottom: 1px solid blue;">regularly</span> <sup class="need_ref_tag" style="line-height: 1; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%25C3%25A9dia:Contenu%25C3%25A9vasif&usg=ALkJrhjAnsCSIEVx8oUJ41p65OlffM0DSg" title="Wikipedia: Evasive Content" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[evasive]</a></sup> published on the website.</span> <span class="notranslate">In addition, a <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettre_d%2527information&usg=ALkJrhg8EPCgE4ha3pTv4oP8d377fs5OmA" title="Information letter" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">newsletter</a> is available free of charge on the site.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><div class="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#Statut_et_direction" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Status and direction</span></font></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#Diffusion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Dissemination</span></font></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#Contenu_r%C3%A9dactionnel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Editorial content</span></font></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#Critiques" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Reviews</span></font></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes and references</span></font></a></span><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="notranslate"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#Lien_externe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External link</span></font></a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate"><span class="mw-headline" id="Statut_et_direction">Status and direction</span> <span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span> <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DAgriculture%2526_Environnement%26veaction%3Dedit%26section%3D1&usg=ALkJrhi_pd_B9cZvQOxP9F4lcC8xFI8KMQ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Edit section: Status and direction" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a> <span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="">|</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DAgriculture%2526_Environnement%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D1&usg=ALkJrhjDOw5TCc1y2DRxYJ0pHL1I70nb7w" title="Edit section: Status and direction" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">change the code</a> <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">]</span></span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span class="notranslate" style="">The publisher of the magazine and the website, Amos Prospective, is not a press company but a consulting firm <span id="cite_ref-bilan_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-bilan-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1 </a></span>.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="">It employs two employees <span id="cite_ref-Le_Monde_2-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-Le_Monde-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2 </a></span>.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="">Mr. Rivière-Wekstein is the director of the publication while <abbr class="abbr" title="Mrs" style="border-bottom: 0px; cursor: help; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial;"><sup style="line-height: 1;">Ms.</sup></abbr> Rivière-Wekstein is the editorial secretary <span id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3 </a></span>.</span> </span><span class="notranslate" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It achieved in 2013 a turnover of <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">191 455 euros</span> <span id="cite_ref-bilan_1-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-bilan-1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">1 </a></span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></span></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate"><span class="mw-headline" id="Diffusion">Broadcast</span> <span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span> <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DAgriculture%2526_Environnement%26veaction%3Dedit%26section%3D2&usg=ALkJrhhbiC0ue6rzdgmuAkkmwVSVrURnmg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Edit section: Broadcasting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a> <span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="">|</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DAgriculture%2526_Environnement%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D2&usg=ALkJrhgqWAVGP7-b1zX3Bo7LjfY9LeJMqw" title="Edit section: Broadcasting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">change the code</a> <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">]</span></span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate">The magazine is available by subscription, at a rate ranging from 75 to 150 euros per year.</span> <span class="notranslate">According to the managing editor, 30 to 40 agricultural structures subscribe for an average price of <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">3,000 euros</span> , the subscription then including consulting activities <span id="cite_ref-Le_Monde_2-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-Le_Monde-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2 </a></span>.</span></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><span id="Contenu_r.C3.A9dactionnel"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate"><span class="mw-headline" id="Contenu_rédactionnel">Editorial content</span> <span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span> <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DAgriculture%2526_Environnement%26veaction%3Dedit%26section%3D3&usg=ALkJrhiigxXp4zYZuyGu4z3-AaAjgRTApg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" title="Edit section: Editorial content" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a> <span class="mw-editsection-divider" style="">|</span></span></span> <span class="notranslate"><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DAgriculture%2526_Environnement%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D3&usg=ALkJrhhPriNG3SQgPpce1Zs6rJgNvq9uZA" title="Edit section: Editorial content" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">change the code</a> <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">]</span></span></span></font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="notranslate"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>Agriculture & Environment</i> is an 8 - page newsletter and a controversial website on topics related to <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture&usg=ALkJrhiq6is-vvYZBOn6yx1NUtG-ZgfrwA" title="Agriculture" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">agriculture</a> and the <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environnement&usg=ALkJrhiT8u6U2GQ9vkH74gAsvI9vUkLBdA" title="Environment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">environment,</a> including <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_g%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9tiquement_modifi%25C3%25A9&usg=ALkJrhiKAmRQ_oBR6JOdCGZuDBhb6fjDkA" title="Genetically modified organism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">GMOs</a> , <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide&usg=ALkJrhh3nqSlyA_pKbtrxCiRaP7UJYk1TQ" title="Pesticide" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">pesticides</a> , <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation&usg=ALkJrhhVYkoGf7crG0F3YdzRj1hViS825A" title="Irrigation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">irrigation</a> and criticism of <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_biologique&usg=ALkJrhgkUEe924_qcwyeaYZeSkFiI6n6uQ" title="Organic Agriculture" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">organic farming</a> <span id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4 </a></span>.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate">In 2013, an article on the site <span id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5 </a></span>highlights the links between <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles-%25C3%2589ric_S%25C3%25A9ralini&usg=ALkJrhgI0qNlh_tEUADzTEg1Im4BbFZJqQ" title="Gilles-Éric Séralini" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gilles-Éric Séralini</a> and the Sevene Pharma phytotherapy company, some of whose directors are members of the <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitation%25C3%25A0_la_vie&usg=ALkJrhjLw3DhVAvIp8dXWaojBkMQxrc5gg" title="Invitation to life" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Invitation to Life movement</a> , listed as a <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secte&usg=ALkJrhgaW1bYfayohUWozko7FoJiiomTPg" title="Sect" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">sect</a> in <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapports_de_la_Mission_interminist%25C3%25A9rielle_pour_la_lutte_contre_les_sectes&usg=ALkJrhgwclJ1AqYlgjG1UNcy8GbzCDgmPg" class="mw-redirect" title="Reports of the Interministerial Mission for the fight against sects" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">reports <abbr class="abbr" title="number" style="border-bottom: 0px; cursor: help; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial;">No.</abbr> 2468 and <abbr class="abbr" title="number" style="border-bottom: 0px; cursor: help; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial;">No.</abbr> 1687</a> (1995 and 1996) made by the <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_parlementaire_sur_les_sectes_en_France&usg=ALkJrhi9q6mumxmId2wIETE4-kQkYuQpMA" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Commission on sects in France" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Parliamentary Inquiry Committee</a> .</span> <span class="notranslate">Twenty years later, this spiritual association is no longer referenced as such <sup class="need_ref_tag" style="line-height: 1; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:R%25C3%25A9f%25C3%25A9rence_n%25C3%25A9cessaire&usg=ALkJrhj5t1l3X4tP1oX6iC6OXtdXJb-OPQ" title="Help: Reference needed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[ref.</a></sup></span> <span class="notranslate"><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="line-height: 1; padding-left: 2px;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:R%25C3%25A9f%25C3%25A9rence_n%25C3%25A9cessaire&usg=ALkJrhj5t1l3X4tP1oX6iC6OXtdXJb-OPQ" title="Help: Reference needed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">necessary]</a></sup> .</span> <span class="notranslate">Interviewed by the newspaper <i>Le Monde</i> <span id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">6 </a></span>, <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles-%25C3%2589ric_S%25C3%25A9ralini&usg=ALkJrhgI0qNlh_tEUADzTEg1Im4BbFZJqQ" title="Gilles-Éric Séralini" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gilles-Éric Séralini</a> denies any relationship with <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitation%25C3%25A0_la_vie&usg=ALkJrhjLw3DhVAvIp8dXWaojBkMQxrc5gg" title="Invitation to life" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">IVI</a> and declares to ignore the links between <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitation%25C3%25A0_la_vie&usg=ALkJrhjLw3DhVAvIp8dXWaojBkMQxrc5gg" title="Invitation to life" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">IVI</a> and Sevene Pharma, whose detoxifying products he studied in the frame of a thesis and two publications.</span> <span class="notranslate">In two rights of response <span id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-:0-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7 </a></span>to <i>Agriculture & Environment,</i> Daniel Chauvin, Chairman of the Executive Board of Sevene Pharma and President of <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitation%25C3%25A0_la_vie&usg=ALkJrhjLw3DhVAvIp8dXWaojBkMQxrc5gg" title="Invitation to life" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">IVI</a> , confirms the statements of <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles-%25C3%2589ric_S%25C3%25A9ralini&usg=ALkJrhgI0qNlh_tEUADzTEg1Im4BbFZJqQ" title="Gilles-Éric Séralini" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gilles-Éric Séralini</a> , and denounces an "amalgam" that feeds "a controversy that opposes supporters and opponents of <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_g%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9tiquement_modifi%25C3%25A9&usg=ALkJrhiKAmRQ_oBR6JOdCGZuDBhb6fjDkA" title="Genetically modified organism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">GMOs</a> , and who seeks to discredit Professor Séralini and its work on the toxicity of GMOs " <span id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-:0-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7 </a></span>.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><span class="notranslate" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It is punctually </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">echoed by critics of <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25A9chauffement_climatique&usg=ALkJrhiNuTyW4YOSIol06lT0bekg_OXcMA" title="Global warming" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">global warming</a> or questioning of its anthropogenic origin,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> giving the floor to French climate scientist </span><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Leroux&usg=ALkJrhjbgknHX0CigE6IdYakk5pO-oQj4Q" title="Marcel Leroux" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Marcel Leroux</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8 </a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></span></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate">Reviews</span> <span class="notranslate"><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DAgriculture%2526_Environnement%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D4&usg=ALkJrhiLgSLRuHPdAryqj-TvGsnoRm3SDw" title="Edit section: Reviews" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">change the code</a> <span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">]</span></span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate" style=""><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Christine_Blandin&usg=ALkJrhgFIxwN7y930vRN5MYCKUmp6J26Lg" title="Marie-Christine Blandin" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Marie-Christine Blandin</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> , </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Senator <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe%25C3%2589cologie_Les_Verts&usg=ALkJrhjLUPdNrScPEkNcDptoRir_hzX3nw" title="Europe Ecology The Greens" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Europe Ecology The Greens</a> , says that <i style="">Agriculture and Environment</i> <span class="citation" style="">"violently attacks those who question intensive agriculture and evoke global warming.</span></span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> <span class="notranslate" style="">There are slanders, defamation on Professor Belpomme, <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace&usg=ALkJrhiWVP5ji-zrYy-lJSlhISBZu8to1g" title="Greenpeace" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Greenpeace</a> , <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Hulot&usg=ALkJrhgfS93XdON4XQLOpH88l7XXI-mUgw" title="Nicolas Hulot" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Nicolas Hulot</a> , the <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWF&usg=ALkJrhigcNb2x_AJg2mpxA1o1E3VYv-Hww" title="WWF" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">WWF</a> or the <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokopelli&usg=ALkJrhjlDzHJROdc0tAJdB5klBxpru-DZQ" title="Kokopelli" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Kokopelli</a> association.</span> <span class="notranslate" style="">Often sordid attacks.</span> </span><span class="notranslate" style=""><span class="citation" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">With an almost militant tone </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"</span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9 </a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate">The journalist <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%25C3%25A9phane_Foucart&usg=ALkJrhgKxMeNe2duhMnPGmgL5cM-CQTHmg" title="Stéphane Foucart" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stéphane Foucart</a> considers that <span class="citation">"the website at the origin of the attacks launched against Mr. Séralini is not trivial.</span></span> <span class="notranslate">It is well known to researchers whose work involves the safety of products marketed by the agrochemical industry (GMOs, pesticides, <abbr class="abbr" title="and so on" style="border-bottom: 0px; cursor: help; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial;">etc.</abbr> ).</span> <span class="notranslate"><span class="citation">In particular, scientists working on the risks of pesticides for bees are systematically questioned, even if their work is not controversial "</span> <span id="cite_ref-Le_Monde_2-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-Le_Monde-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2 </a></span>.</span> <span class="notranslate">Recurring targets of the site are for example Professor <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles-%25C3%2589ric_S%25C3%25A9ralini&usg=ALkJrhgI0qNlh_tEUADzTEg1Im4BbFZJqQ" title="Gilles-Éric Séralini" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gilles-Éric Séralini</a> , <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_V%25C3%25A9lot&usg=ALkJrhhpcOlLzdfgOPhvwcJwsrMzIN0thg" title="Christian Velot" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Christian Vélot</a> and Angelica Hilbeck, all three responsible for <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comit%25C3%25A9_de_recherche_et_d%2527information_ind%25C3%25A9pendantes_sur_le_g%25C3%25A9nie_g%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A9tique&usg=ALkJrhiJEmPqKfYYd7vGEiZe7QhzJEUJNQ" title="Independent Research and Information Committee on Genetic Engineering" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CRIIGEN</a> <span id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">10 </a></span>, or Professor <a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Belpomme&usg=ALkJrhjgsBftwiSoxWpu6hTlvSSdSXS2fg" title="Dominique Belpomme" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dominique Belpomme</a> whose commitment to the environmental cause is also displayed <span id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">11 </a></span>.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><span class="notranslate" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For </span><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Testart&usg=ALkJrhg_XK3q5uumFjgis_7U64aC7YPYWA" title="Jacques Testart" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Jacques Testart</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> , </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Gil Rivère-Wekstein is <span class="citation" style="">"a genuine lobbyist paid by the industry to systematically counterattack any criticism of productivist agriculture"</span> </span><span id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">12 </a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></span></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="notranslate">In an article dated June 22, 2006 <span id="cite_ref-condamnation_grw_13-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-condamnation_grw-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">13 </a></span>, Gil Rivière-Wekstein claims that Jean-Marc Bonmatin, a CNRS researcher and specialist in insect neurotoxins, is not a doctor even though he has a doctorate in science.</span> <span class="notranslate">On 6 March 2007, Gil Rivière-Wekstein was sentenced by the Orléans Criminal Court to a fine of 750 euros and <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2,500 euros</span> in damages for public defamation against a public official <span id="cite_ref-condamnation_grw_13-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-condamnation_grw-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">13 </a></span>.</span> <span class="notranslate">The sentence is upheld on appeal on 19 May 2009 by the Criminal Court of Angers Court of Appeal <span id="cite_ref-condamnation_grw_13-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; vertical-align: text-top; position: relative; top: -5px; padding-left: 1px; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=fr&sp=nmt4&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture%2526_Environnement&usg=ALkJrhigeI4fbYGZ5besIvgF-Sfqg7ytw#cite_note-condamnation_grw-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">13 </a></span>.</span></font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/11/18/why-are-public-officials-protecting-the-pesticides-industry-digging-down-into-the-cesspool-of-corruption/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">sci media ctr ~ seralini</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px 10px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.7em; max-width: 560px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2) <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Glyphosate, conflicts of interest and PR masquerading as science. </em></strong>By naming names (Alan Boobis, Angelo Moretti, Chris Wolf, Michael Pragnell and others), Mason notes how key positions are held by individuals with proven links to the agrochemicals industry. As a result, crucial decisions and documents are slanted accordingly.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px 10px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.7em; max-width: 560px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mason mentions Critical Reviews in Toxicology and how, in 2016 Volume 46, Monsanto commissioned five reviews published in a supplement to Critical Reviews in Toxicology. Monsanto also funded them. The whole point was to raise serious doubts about the adverse effects of glyphosate by using junk science and to confuse the whole issue. Mason says that this is what Monsanto paid the scientists for.</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div class="journal-banner" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-color: rgb(217, 217, 217); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px; display: table; margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: center; width: 613px; line-height: 20.72px; background: rgb(252, 252, 252);"><div class="journal-brand" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: table-cell; padding: 9px; vertical-align: top; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="elsevier-logo" style="box-sizing: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -999em; display: inline-block; height: 80px; width: 73px; background: url(" images="images" mainsprite.png="mainSprite.png" px="px" no-repeat="no-repeat" /></font></div><div class="journal-title-details" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p class="journal-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 9px 0px;"><a class="track-usage" title="Go to Food and Chemical Toxicology on ScienceDirect" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02786915" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Food and Chemical Toxicology</font></a></p><p class="journal-volume" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 9px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a title="Go to table of contents for this volume/issue" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02786915/50/11" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Volume 50, Issue 11</a>, November 2012, Pages 4221-4231</font></p><p class="journal-special-issue" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 9px;" /></div><div class="journal-cover" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: table-cell; padding: 9px; vertical-align: top; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="line-height: 1.4;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">RETRACTED: Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize</font></span></div></div><div id="article-author-list" class="article-author-list" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 20.72px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="accessible-text" id="explainFootnote" style="box-sizing: inherit; height: 1px; left: -10000px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: auto; width: 1px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Author links open the overlay panel. Numbers correspond to the affiliation list which can be exposed by using the show more link.</font></span><div class="author-group" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="list list--inline list--article list--author" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 9px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="author" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="author-name-link" data-related-url="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/related-articles?position=1&last-name=Séralini&first-name=Gilles-Eric" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Gilles-Eric Séralini</a></span> <a class="author-affiliation" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#aff1" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" title="author affiliation" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">a</span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">,</span> <a class="author-correspondence" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#cor1" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" title="corresponding author" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -999em; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 16px; background: url("");" images="images" mainsprite.png="mainSprite.png" px="px" no-repeat="no-repeat">⁎</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">,</span> <a class="author-email" href="mailto:criigen@unicaen.fr" title="author email" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -999em; display: inline-block; height: 16px; width: 16px; background: url("");" images="images" mainsprite.png="mainSprite.png" px="px" no-repeat="no-repeat">criigen@unicaen.fr</a>,</span> <span class="author" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="author-name-link" data-related-url="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/related-articles?position=2&last-name=Clair&first-name=Emilie" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Emilie Clair</a></span> <a class="author-affiliation" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#aff1" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" title="author affiliation" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">a</span></a>,</span> <span class="author" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="author-name-link" data-related-url="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/related-articles?position=3&last-name=Mesnage&first-name=Robin" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Robin Mesnage</a></span> <a class="author-affiliation" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#aff1" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" title="author affiliation" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">a</span></a>,</span> <span class="author" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="author-name-link" data-related-url="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/related-articles?position=4&last-name=Gress&first-name=Steeve" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Steeve Gress</a></span> <a class="author-affiliation" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#aff1" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" title="author affiliation" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">a</span></a>,</span> <span class="author" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="author-name-link" data-related-url="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/related-articles?position=5&last-name=Defarge&first-name=Nicolas" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Nicolas Defarge</a></span> <a class="author-affiliation" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#aff1" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" title="author affiliation" style="box-sizing: inherit; 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vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">b</span></a>,</span> <span class="author" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="author-name-link" data-related-url="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/related-articles?position=7&last-name=Hennequin&first-name=Didier" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Didier Hennequin</a></span> <a class="author-affiliation" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#aff3" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" title="author affiliation" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">c</span></a>,</span> <span class="author" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><span class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a class="author-name-link" data-related-url="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/related-articles?position=8&last-name=de Vendômois&first-name=Joël Spiroux" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Joël Spiroux de Vendômois</a></span> <a class="author-affiliation" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#aff1" aria-describedby="explainOverlay" title="author affiliation" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">a</span></a></span></font></div></div></div><div class="show-more" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 9px; line-height: 20.72px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="show-morelink js-toggle" title="bibliographic information" aria-expanded="false" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#" data-element="#content" data-class="show-more--visible" data-text-enabled="Show less" data-text-disabled="Show more" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Show more</font></a></div><div class="article-doi-rights" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: table; margin-bottom: 9px; width: 613px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="article-doi" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: table-cell; margin-bottom: 0px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005" id="doi-value" target="blank" title="persistent link using digital object identifier" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005</font></a></p></div><div class="article-open-access" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="article-open-access-license" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Under a Creative Commons <a target="blank" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">license</a></font></p></div><div class="js-async-container" data-href="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/refers-to" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 20.72px;"><div class="js-async-container" data-href="/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637/part/referred-to-by" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 20.72px;"><div class="referred-to-by" style="box-sizing: inherit; overflow: hidden;"><h3 class="refers-to-heading" style="box-sizing: inherit; float: left; margin: 0px; width: 100px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Referred to by</font></h3><ul class="list list--stacked" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 9px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; overflow: hidden;"><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="external-articleauthors single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">G.E. Séralini, R. Mesnage, N. Defarge, J. Spiroux de Vendômois</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px;"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691514002002" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691514002002" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Conclusiveness of toxicity data and double standards</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 69, July 2014, Pages 357-359</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. 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Rosanoff</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px;"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691514000027" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691514000027" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letter to the Editor</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 65, March 2014, Page 389</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. 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Toxicol. 50 (2012) 4221–4231]</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 63, January 2014, Page 244</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. 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Heinemann</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px;"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512008009" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512008009" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Food and chemical toxicology</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Page 442</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. 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Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007983/pdfft?md5=a9e1f2c21fc0f366e100c968ccce083b&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007983-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007983" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (210 K)</font></a></p></li><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 12px;"><p class="external-articleauthors single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Anthony Trewavas</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512007958" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007958" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letter to the editor</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Page 449</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007958/pdfft?md5=a2699d4c421312ef9e3278bc0175f7cc&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007958-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007958" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (180 K)</font></a></p></li><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="external-articleauthors single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dale Sanders, Sophien Kamoun, Bella Williams, Michael Festing</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px;"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512007946" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007946" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letter to the editor</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Pages 450-453</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007946/pdfft?md5=9c38776d77e83faa5ad01c9881d030fd&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007946-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007946" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (201 K)</font></a></p></li><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px;"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512007922" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007922" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letter to the editor</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Pages 455-456</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007922/pdfft?md5=94ad4fc6338b07d742ccabb7287d5c28&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007922-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007922" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (182 K)</font></a></p></li><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 12px;"><p class="external-articleauthors single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Mark Tester</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512007910" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007910" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letter to the Editor</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Page 457</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007910/pdfft?md5=d8bc846e0fa65feeb8d28582157d965b&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007910-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007910" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (176 K)</font></a></p></li><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="external-articleauthors single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Louis Ollivier</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px;"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512007909" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007909" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">A Comment on “Séralini, G.-E., et al., Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Food Chem. Toxicol. (2012),” http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Page 458</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007909/pdfft?md5=ff65bc006c1ec39da8f08ec17fc322d8&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007909-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007909" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (182 K)</font></a></p></li><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="external-articleauthors single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frederic Schorsch</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px;"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512007880" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007880" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Serious inadequacies regarding the pathology data presented in the paper by Séralini et al. (2012)</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Pages 465-466</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007880/pdfft?md5=a2e3eda03b0743d869457e54809e5a03&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007880-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007880" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (190 K)</font></a></p></li><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="external-articleauthors single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">David Tribe</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512007879" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007879" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letter to the editor</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Pages 467-472</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007879/pdfft?md5=43d77861568ba6fcc8f51c410967df5a&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007879-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007879" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (228 K)</font></a></p></li><li class="listitem" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="external-articleauthors single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Erio Barale-Thomas</font></p><p class="external-articletitle" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px;"><a class="track-usage single-line" data-origin="browse" id="title_S0278691512007867" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; display: block; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Letter to the editor</font></a></p><p class="external-articlemeta single-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.81818; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 53, March 2013, Pages 473-474</font></p><p class="external-articlelinks" style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 0px;"><a class="external-article-link--pdf track-usage" rel="nofollow" target="blank" title="Download PDF Opens in a new window. Recommended articles will be shown in a dialog on return to ScienceDirect." data-origin="browse" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867/pdfft?md5=0a2a35bd0767197235fbf0f5925a91c4&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007867-main.pdf" aria-describedby="title_S0278691512007867" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; margin-right: 24px; white-space: nowrap; word-break: break-word; background-color: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"> PDF (194 K)</font></a></p></li></ul></div></div><div class="article-content-separator-container" style="box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; line-height: 20.72px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><hr class="article-content-separator" style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 1px; border: 0px; margin: 12px 0px; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);" /><span class="article-content-open-access-archive" style="box-sizing: inherit; padding-left: 10px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: -12px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Open Access</font></span></div><div class="article-author-abstract" style="box-sizing: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; line-height: 20.72px;"><div class="abstract abstract-type-author" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div id="sp0110" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 9px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (<a id="ir0020" href="http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy</a>).</font></div><div id="sp0010" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 9px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The journal Food and Chemical Toxicology retracts the article “Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize,” which was published in this journal in November 2012. This retraction comes after a thorough and time-consuming analysis of the published article and the data it reports, along with an investigation into the peer-review behind the article. The Editor in-Chief deferred making any public statements regarding this article until this investigation was complete, and the authors were notified of the findings.</font></div><div id="p0015" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 9px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Very shortly after the publication of this article, the journal received Letters to the Editor expressing concerns about the validity of the findings it described, the proper use of animals, and even allegations of fraud</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Many of these letters called upon the editors of the journal to retract the paper.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> According to the journal’s standard practice, these letters, as well as the letters in support of the findings, were published along with a response from the authors</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><a id="bfn1" title="footnote" aria-describedby="explainWorkspace" class="footnote-ref" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#fn1" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">1</span></a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Due to the nature of the concerns raised about this paper, the Editor-in-Chief examined all aspects of the peer review process and requested permission from the corresponding author to review the raw data. The request to view raw data is not often made; however, it is in accordance with the journal’s policy that authors of submitted manuscripts must be willing to provide the original data if so requested.</span><a id="bfn2" title="footnote" aria-describedby="explainWorkspace" class="footnote-ref" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637#fn2" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">2</span></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The corresponding author agreed and supplied all material that was requested by the Editor-in-Chief. The Editor-in-Chief wishes to acknowledge the co-operation of the corresponding author in this matter, and commends him for his commitment to the scientific process.</span></font></div><div id="p0020" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 9px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Unequivocally, the Editor-in-Chief found no evidence of fraud or intentional misrepresentation of the data. However, there is a legitimate cause for concern regarding both the number of animals in each study group and the particular strain selected.</b> The low number of animals had been identified as a cause for concern during the initial review process, but the peer review decision ultimately weighed that the work still had merit despite this limitation. <b>A more in-depth look at the raw data revealed that no definitive conclusions can be reached with this small sample size regarding the role of either NK603 or glyphosate in regards to overall mortality or tumor incidence. Given the known high incidence of tumors in the Sprague–Dawley rat, normal variability cannot be excluded as the cause of the higher mortality and incidence observed in the treated groups.</b></font></div><div id="p0025" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 9px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ultimately, the results presented (while not incorrect) are inconclusive, and therefore do not reach the threshold of publication for Food and Chemical Toxicology. The peer review process is not perfect, but it does work. The journal is committed to getting the peer-review process right, and at times, expediency might be sacrificed for being as thorough as possible. The time-consuming nature is, at times, required in fairness to both the authors and readers. Likewise, the Letters to the Editor, both pro and con, serve as a post-publication peer-review. The back and forth between the readers and the author has a useful and valuable place in our scientific dialog.</font></div><div id="p0030" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: 9px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Editor-in-Chief again commends the corresponding author for his willingness and openness in participating in this dialog. The retraction is only on the inconclusiveness of this one paper. The journal’s editorial policy will continue to review all manuscripts no matter how controversial they may be. The editorial board will continue to use this case as a reminder to be as diligent as possible in the peer review process.</font></div></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.scienceforthepublic.org/assets/154/STHV%20GMO%20ILLUSORY%20CONSENSUS.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Krimsky :</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">denied that he threatened the editor. Lachmann was an author of the Royal
Society’s 1998 highly favorable report on GMOs.
A widely reported story line goes as follows: in <b>1999, Lachmann</b> tried to
persuade the editor of <b>The Lancet </b>not to publish A´ rpa´d Pusztai’s research on
the adverse effects of GM potatoes on rats on the grounds that it was not
sound science. The Lancet’s editor, Richard Horton, received what he
described as an aggressive phone call from Lachmann. Dr. Horton said
he was called at his office in central London on the morning of Wednesday
October 13, two days before the Lancet published the paper by Pusztai.
Dr. Horton, editor of The Lancet since 1995, said the phone call began in
a ‘‘very aggressive manner.’’ He said he was called ‘‘immoral’’ and accused
of publishing Dr. Pusztai’s paper, which he ‘‘knew to be untrue.’’ Toward
the end of the call,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Dr. Horton said the caller told him that if he published
the Pusztai paper, it would ‘‘have implications for his personal position’’ as
editor. The Lancet is owned by Reed Elsevier, one of Europe’s largest scientific
publishing houses (Flynn and Gillard 1999). Lachmann’s own
account of the Pusztai affair can be found in Panic Nation (2005). He categorically
denies making the threat to Richard Horton. </span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When The Lancet received the manuscript from Ewen and Pusztai, it was
sent to six referees, whereas the usual peer review has two to three referees.
Five of the six referees recommended the paper for publication, while one
referee was strongly against publication. In addition, that referee transgressed
a long-standing norm of the journal to keep reviews to the editor confidential
by disclosing his negative review to the press. The Lancet published the article
despite the pressures to do otherwise. The <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">attacks against Pusztai were
unrelenting</span>. He and Ewen responded to a number of his critics in The Lancet
(Ewen and Pusztai 1999b). Pusztai left Rowett and periodically has commented
on the incident.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> To this date, no one has made an effort to replicate his
study. The episode left Pusztai’s otherwise distinguished career in shambles.</span> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Se´ralini Case </b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The second most highly publicized study was led by Gilles-Eric Se´ralini, a
professor of molecular biology at the University of Caen in Normandy,
France. He is the founder and president of the scientific advisory board
of the nonprofit Committee of Research and Independent Information on
Genetic Engineering (CRIIGEN), an association that was in the public
record. Funding from CRIIGEN was acknowledged in Se´ralini’s papers.
In 2009, Se´ralini and eight other authors published a paper in the International
Journal of Biological Sciences that discussed the relevant criteria </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Downloaded from sth.sagepub.com at The New School on August 7, 2015 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">that should be used to evaluate GMOs. Their paper raised questions about
what regulatory agencies use to undertake risk assessments involving
mammalian feeding experiments of GMOs (Se´ralini et al. 2009).<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> By that
time Monsanto had been undertaking short-term tests (ninety days) on certain
GMO food products. The authors considered the current criteria to be
fostering false negative results because of sample size and statistical
design</span>. Referring to some experiments that found adverse effects from
GMOs the authors stated, ‘‘These GM-linked effects are then considered
as<b> signs of toxicity in the ninety-days, not proofs of toxicity’</b>’ (Se´ralini
et al. 2009, 442).
The authors proposed....</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The fifth scientific review was published by the European Food Safety</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Association</b> (EFSA 2014). Like many agency reviews, it typically is prepared</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by a scientific panel and has many scientific reviewers commenting</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">on drafts before it is released. ‘‘The EFSA GMO panel concludes that the</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">proposed uses of </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MON 87769 soybean oil in foods will not result in intakes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4 Science, Technology, & Human Values</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Downloaded from sth.sagepub.com at The New School on August 7, 2015</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">of stearidonic acid (SDA) with diverse effects and that the other changes in</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">the dietary fatty acid pattern are unlikely to have negative nutritional consequences</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">for humans. The EFSA GMO panel notes that the quantitative</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">dietary estimates described here would have to be revisited if the oil produced</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by the soybean MON 87769 were to be extensively used in food</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">products not considered in this assessment, for example as dietary supplements</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">or to modify animal feed products.’’</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The second paper was a published commentary that focused on conflicts of interest of those criticizing Se´ralini’s papers (Se´ralini et al. 2014). The authors note that a new assistant editor of biotechnology joined the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology after Se´ralini’s article was published and that this assistant editor previously worked for Monsanto for seven years. The authors interpret the decision to retract their paper a little over a year after it was appropriately refereed grew out of the role of the new assistant editor who had a conflict of interest as a former employee of Monsanto. A third paper discussed the conflicts of interest at the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), a weak counterpart to the US FDA since it issues advisories to members of the European Union. According to its website<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, ‘<b>‘The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)</b> [an independent European agency funded by the EU budget that operates separately from the European Commission, European Parliament and EU Member States</span>] is the keystone of European Union (EU) risk assessment regarding food and feed safety ... . EFSA provides independent scientific advice and clear communication on existing and emerging risks’’ (EFSA).<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The agency reviewed the Se´ralini et al. publication and published the results in the EFSA Journal in 2012. EFSA found the study to be ‘‘inadequately designed, analysed’’ and discounted Se´ralini’s response to critics concluding that the study is of ‘‘insufficient scientific quality for safety assessments.’’</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Robinson et al. (2013) argued that the EFSA has been rife with conflicts of interest.</span> For example, the<b> chair of EFSA’s management board had a longstanding relationship with the industry funded International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI).</b> They claim that in 201<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">0 more than half of the EFSA experts on the GMO panel had financial conflicts of interest. </span>The agency had been cited by the Ombudsman for failing to manage conflicts of interest and </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Krimsky 25 Downloaded from sth.sagepub.com at The New School on August 7, 2015 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">despite changes still has not distanced itself from ILSI and thus does not represent an independent review of Se´ralini’s work. Among the points raised by Robinson et al. is that when differences are found between GMOs and non-GMO counterparts, several authors, including those funded by industry, dismiss the findings as being within the normal range of variation and are not biologically relevant. ‘‘An EFSA opinion allows industry to define biological relevance on a case-by-case basis’’ (Robinson et al. 2013, 2).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b> Conclusion </b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I began this article with the testimonials from respected scientists that there is literally no scientific controversy over the health effects of GMOs. My investigation into the scientific literature tells another story. I found<b> twenty-six animal feeding studies that have shown adverse effects or animal health uncertainties </b>(Table 2). The eight review articles were mixed in their assessment of the health effects of GMOs (Table 1).<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The analysis of how two respected scientists were treated so poorly by the scientific community over their peer-reviewed work raises questions about likely political and ideological influences in the science.<b> I could find no comparable case in the history of science where someone’s published and peer-reviewed work was retracted because it was not definitive</b>. Comparable works that found GMOs equivalent to their non-GMO parental strain were not retracted for the same reason since they too were not definitive.</span> It has been argued that the weight of evidence is favorable to the hypothesis that the current family of commercialized GMOs is safe to humans and animals because there is a preponderance of articles establishing that point. In risk assessment, the number of studies that reveal a risk can be more significant than a larger number of studies that do not. Imagine a hundred flights to test a new aircraft. Ninety-five prove safe. Five flights produce electrical problems, failed landing gear, and a wing collapse. Does one just negate the five flights and go with the weight of evidence? Those five flights are very significant, perhaps because the aircraft was pushed beyond standard flight operations but within its design limits. When there is a controversy about the risk of a consumer product, instead of denying the existence of certain studies, the negative results should be replicated to see if they hold up to rigorous testing.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> This point was made by the 300 scientists who signed a joint statement that was published in Environmental Sciences Europe. The statement ‘‘does not assert that GMOs are unsafe or safe. Rather the statement concludes that the scarcity and </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">26 Science, Technology, & Human Values Downloaded from sth.sagepub.com at The New School on August 7, 2015 </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">contradictory nature of the scientific evidence published to date prevents conclusive claims of safety, or lack of safety, of GMOs’’ (Hilbeck et al. 2015, 1). David Schubert, professor at the<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Salk Institute, summarized the state of affairs of the GMO controversy as follows: ‘‘To me, the only reasonable solution is to require that all GM plant products be tested for long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity before being brought to market’’</span> (2002, 969). Until the twenty-six studies, or at least the best of them, are replicated and shown to be false positives, we have an obligation to treat these studies with respect and concern. My results have broad implications for the study of scientific and medical controversies, whether climate change, endocrine disruptors, statins, or mercury preservatives in vaccines. STS scholarship is best accomplished when it approaches a controversial issue systemically and includes a deep analysis of the primary science, a review of the function of professional societies, an analysis of the peer review process of journals, a study of the political climate and its impact on science and on federal regulatory agencies which set policy, the media’s role in shaping public understanding or misunderstanding, and the role that financial interests play in scientific risk analysis. All of these factors are brought into play in the GMO debate, about which I have argued that the putative consensus about the inherent safety of transgenic crops is premature.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Sheldon Krimsky</b> is no stranger to the evolution of genetic testing and manipulation. In fact, he's authored and co-authored dozens of books on a range of topics including industrial genetics, hormone mimickers, corrupt biomedical research and why the public needs a "Genetic Bill of Rights."</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Krimsky, a professor of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning at Tufts University in Massachusetts, has dedicated his career to analyzing the relationship between agricultural biotechnology and the environment.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">His latest book entitled, <i>The GMO Deception: What You Need to Know about the Food, Corporations, and Government Agencies Putting Our Families and Our Environment at Risk</i></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, discusses genetically engineered foods and the long-term effects that they have on people's health and the environment.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A </span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-GMO-Deception-Corporations-Environment/dp/1628736607" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">preview</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> of his book on Amazon discusses his reaction to his college biology professor's allegation that "science is science," a statement that Krimsky highly disagrees with. "Today, my response would be 'not quite,'" wrote the author.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Krimsky is head of the Council for Responsible Genetics, a public interest group that "fosters public debate about the social, ethical and environmental implications of genetic technologies," </span><a href="http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/Help/About.aspx" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">according the group's website</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">His expertise includes links between science, technology, ethics, values and public policy. Recently, Krimsky </span><a href="http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2014/08/17/with-sheldon-krimsky/oR1rIk3yspnUcJvHKtrrbM/story.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">spoke</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> with </span><i>The Boston Globe's</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Karen Weintraub about his new book.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Weintraub quickly began questioning Krimsky about his apparent "anti-GMO position," asking whether or not he's truly opposed to them or just skeptical.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Krimsky cleverly rebutted by explaining that one of the core values of science is "organized skepticism," and the only way to truly test science is by being skeptical, exploring every possible fault until the skepticism disappears.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">When Krimsky addressed the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) failure to test the safety of GMOs, instead working a backward approach asking industry to report problems after they have occurred, Weintraub asked if he disagrees with that approach.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
"You cannot predict what's going to happen to an organism if you put in a foreign gene. It could interfere with other genes, it could over-express some things and under-express other things. You cannot make predictions without testing them," explained Krimsky.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Weintraub responded by questioning whether or not a company can control where a gene goes or what it does after insertion.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
"Genes do more than one thing. If you think of the genome as an ecosystem rather than a Lego system, it gives you a different idea of what the possibilities are.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> We have to test in order to understand what the foreign gene is going to do to the organism," said Krimsky.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He explained the difference between cross-pollination and genetic engineering, clarifying that hybrid crops come from the same species, while GM crops involve inserting genes from a completely different species and placing them into a plant genome.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Unsatisfied, the interviewer began referencing industry studies that regard GMOs as safe and no different from ordinary crops. Scientists that question the corporate narrative are often "vilified," replied Krimsky, and not all studies have proven GMOs to be safe.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Krimsky discussed the criticism that French scientists received after publishing research which found GMOs to cause "</span><a href="http://www.motherearthnews.com/natural-health/gmo-safety-zmgz13amzsto.aspx#axzz3Bo4oCpYm" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">severe adverse health effects</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">" in mice, including the development of mammary tumors and organ damage.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">After calling the French study "unrealistic," Weintraub asked, "So this one negative finding carries more weight than dozens of positive ones?"</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Whenever you're looking at the risk of a product, a single negative result is more important than 99 positive results, especially when a substantial number of those positive results are funded by the agribusiness industry. We've had products on the market for 50 years: PCBs, asbestos, tobacco, DDT. Early on people said they were safe," answered Krimsky.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Weintraub wrapped up the interview by asking if anything would convince Krimsky that GMOs are safe.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"I would feel convinced if there were independent studies asking the right questions and seeking experiments looking for the most vulnerable cases," he replied.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A </span><a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/index.php/news/archive/2014/15598-the-gmo-deception-q-a-with-prof-sheldon-krimsky" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">reprint</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> of the interview by </span><i>GMWatch</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> corrected a few of Weintraub's points, including that there was nothing "unrealistic" about Seralini's long-term safety study on GM maize NK603 and Roundup.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Secondly, regarding Weintraub's comment about one negative study carrying more weight than dozens of positive ones, </span><i>GMWatch</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> points out that there are no other long-term safety studies on GM corn.</span>
<b>Additional sources:</b>
<a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/index.php/news/archive/2014/15598-the-gmo-deception-q-a-with-prof-sheldon-krimsky" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.gmwatch.org</a>
<a href="http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2014/08/17/with-sheldon-krimsky/oR1rIk3yspnUcJvHKtrrbM/story.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.bostonglobe.com</a>
<a href="http://www.tufts.edu/skrimsky/bio.htm" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.tufts.edu</a>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-GMO-Deception-Corporations-Environment/dp/1628736607" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.amazon.com</a>
<a href="http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/Help/About.aspx" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org</a>
<a href="http://www.ijbs.com/v05p0706.htm" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.ijbs.com</a>
<a href="http://www.motherearthnews.com/natural-health/gmo-safety-zmgz13amzsto.aspx#axzz3Bo4oCpYm" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.motherearthnews.com</a>
<a href="http://science.naturalnews.com/gmo.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">http://science.naturalnews.com</a>
Learn more: <a href="http://www.naturalnews.com/046689_GMOs_biomedical_research_Krimsky.html#ixzz3lY4dZM2L" style="text-decoration: none;">http://www.naturalnews.com/046689_GMOs_biomedical_research_Krimsky.html#ixzz3lY4dZM2L</a></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">lomborg</span> 2 fer <a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/project_syndicate/2012/10/gm_crops_and_global_warming_two_studies_use_scare_tactics_that_could_backfire.html">http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/project_syndicate/2012/10/gm_crops_and_global_warming_two_studies_use_scare_tactics_that_could_backfire.html</a>
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</font></div><div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">OPINION<b> 6/24/2014</b> @ 10:24AM 4,749 views</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Profile of Gilles-Éric Séralini, Author Of Republished Retracted GMO Corn Rat Study</font></b></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">[note: this is clone (shorter) of JLP site: ]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>Gilles-Éric Séralini has <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">republished</span> his retracted study of herbicide resistant GMO maize and glyphosate in an obscure European open source journal.</b> The Genetic Literacy Project’s Jon Entine offers a detailed factual profile of the embattled French molecular biologist (along with a compilation of reactions from scientists from around the world).</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Gilles-Éric Séralini (born August 23, 1960 in Annaba, Algeria, then known as Bône) is a French scientist who has been a professor of molecular biology at the University of Caen since 1991. He is best known for publishing research concluding that genetically modified food is unsafe for human consumption. He is president and chairman of the board of CRIIGEN (Committee of Independent Research and Information. He has published multiple studies alleging health risks associated with plant biotechnology which have been called flawed and biased by various regulatory and academic groups.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini Career</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Caen, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, I.B.F.A., Esplanade de la Paix,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> 14032 Caen Cedex, France email:</span> gilles-eric.seralini arobase unicaen.fr Séralini studied in Nice and became a Doctor in biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of Montpellier in 1987. He left then for North America to carry out fundamental research for four years, at the University of Western Ontario and Laval University Medical Center, doing research on corticosteroid-binding globulin. Qualified to supervise research, he passed, at the age of 30, the French national competitive exam for University Professors.</font></p><div style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini chose to focus on the interface of cancer research and endocrinology at the University of Caen, where he was appointed professor in June 1991, a position he has held ever since. He wrote about 100 scientific articles and conference papers for international specialist symposiums, and a number of lectures with a nation-wide impact, he assumes several roles in the Commissions of the University of Caen, where he leads a research team associated to CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and INRA.”</font></p><h3 id="toc_criigen-committee-of-independent-research-and-information-on-genetic-engineering" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Research at CRIIGEN (Committee of Independent Research and Information on Genetic Engineering</font></h3><div id="article_container_1_loge" class="loge_ad ad_initialized article_body_ad" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 30px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: right; clear: right; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/7175/fdc.forbes/article-new_7container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Under the auspices of CRIIGEN, Séralini has published multiple studies claiming health risks associated with GMOs and the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup on human cells and the enzyme <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">aromatase</span> in vitro, as well as rat testicular cells. His in vitro research has concluded that Roundup (the formulation with adjuvants, not just glyphosate) is toxic to cells in a dish, as well as that it is an endocrine disruptor. In 2013, the Séralini lab published a study in the <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Journal of Applied Toxicology</em> that examined the effects of Cry1ab and Cry1ac insecticidal Bt toxins, as well as their effects in conjunction with Roundup, on HEK cells</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In his most controversial research, in 2012, Séralini et al published a study in the journal <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</em> (Volume 50, Issue 11, November 2012, pages 4221-4231) titled “Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize”. Here is the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22999595" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">original abstract of the <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</em> paper</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">This study informed the banning of genetically modified foods by the Kenyan government in November 2012<a id="ref_2_text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_2" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">[2]</a>. On November 28, 2013, however, the journal<a id="ref_3_text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_3" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">[3]</a> retracted the article due to <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/rat-study-sparks-gm-furore-1.11471" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">strong criticism</a> from the scientific community about the way the study was conducted. The editor, A. Wallace Hayes, wrote that he retracted the paper because it was “<a href="http://retractionwatch.com/2013/11/28/controversial-seralini-gmo-rats-paper-to-be-retracted/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">inconclusive</a>,” claiming that this was consistent with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, although <a href="http://retractionwatch.com/2014/01/16/journal-editor-defends-retraction-of-gmo-rats-study-while-authors-reveal-some-of-papers-history/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">others disagreed</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">[note: cite 3 says nothing about retraction: <span style="line-height: 18px;">RE:</span><span style="line-height: 18px;"> </span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; line-height: 18px;">Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><em><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 50, Issue 11, November 2012, Pages 4221-4231</font></em></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Gilles-Eric Séralini, Emilie Clair, Robin Mesnage, Steeve Gress, Nicolas Defarge, Manuela Malatesta, Didier Hennequin, Joël Spiroux de Vendômois</font></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Since the publication of the above paper by Séralini et al., the Editors and the Publisher of <em>Food and Chemical Toxicology </em>have received many questions from members of the Scientific community.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In the light of these comments, the Editors and Publisher wish to make clear that the normal thorough peer review process was applied to the Seralini et al. paper. The paper was published after being objectively and anonymously peer reviewed, with a series of revisions made by the authors and the corrected paper then accepted by the Editor.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Post-publication members of the scientific community have challenged the paper, citing serious concerns about the study design, data presentation and related issues.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In responding to these criticisms, the Editors have encouraged those people with concerns to write formally to the Editor-in-Chief, so that that their views can be publicly aired. These letters and a response from Seralini et al. will shortly be published in the Journal.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Separately, the Editors and the Publisher, Elsevier, will be considering these criticisms. We are continually reviewing our peer review processes to ensure that the journal accepts the right papers with the appropriate levels of rigor and attention to detail. If we conclude that changes need to be made to the peer review process, that will be communicated openly to readers of the journal.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><em>Food and Chemical Toxicology </em>deals with issues that are often controversial and where there are strong views held both within and beyond science. Preserving editorial independence and a robust peer review system in this process is obviously crucial. Here as elsewhere, Elsevier, as publisher of <em>Food and Chemical Toxicology</em>, both helps to facilitate the peer review process and upholds the principle of independent editorial decision making. ]</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">"inconclusive: <a href="http://retractionwatch.com/2013/11/28/controversial-seralini-gmo-rats-paper-to-be-retracted/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">http:/<b>/retractionwatch.</b>com/2013/11/28/controversial-seralini-gmo-rats-paper-to-be-retracted/</a> ...<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 19.5px;">Unequivocally, the Editor-in-Chief found no evidence of fraud or intentional misrepresentation of the data. However, there is legitimate cause for concern regarding both the number of animals in each study group and the particular strain selected</span><em style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 19.5px;">....</em></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">----</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">On June 24, 2014, the retracted study, in <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">expanded form</a>, this time including the data, was republished with the tile “Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize” in an obscure open source journal, <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Environmental Sciences Europe</i></a>—where Seralini has <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/10" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">published before</a>. The journal, part of<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> SpringerOpen</span>, is too young to have an official Impact Factor (IF). <a href="http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=19900191887&tip=sid&clean=0" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Using the same calculation</a>, however, the journal would have an IF of .55. That would place it about 190th out of the 210 journals in the “environmental sciences” category at Thomson Scientific. (For comparison, Food and Chemical Toxicology has an IF of just above 3, and a ranking of 27th.)</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">This <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">study</a> is almost identical to the prior study, with some minor but important differences. Séralini claimed in a <a href="http://www.ensser.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Press_kit_Seralini_republication2014_EN.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">press release</a> that the republished study was peer reviewed [it was previously?] but that is <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/paper-claiming-gm-link-with-tumours-republished-1.15463" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">not accurate</a>, according to the publishing journal’s editor made to <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Nature magazine.[kai?]</span> “We were Springer Publishing’s first open access journal on the environment, and are a platform for discussion on science and regulation at a European and regional level.” [note no cite] <i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">ESEU </i>conducted no scientific peer review, said editor <a href="http://www.bio5.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49:prof-dr-henner-hollert&catid=34:institutsleiter&Itemid=138&lang=en" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Henner Hollert</a>, “because this had already been conducted by <i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, and had concluded there had been no fraud nor misrepresentation.” The role of the three reviewers hired by <i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">ESEU</i> was to check that there had been no change in the scientific content of the paper, Hollert added.</font></p><div id="article_container_1_recx_0" class="recx_ad ad_initialized article_body_ad rec_ad_wide" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 30px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: right; clear: right; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/7175/fdc.forbes/article-new_8container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">As before, the study claimed that rats fed a diet containing NK603—a seed variety made tolerant to the spraying of glyphosate (Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide)—died earlier than those on a standard diet. The Séralini team reported that 50 percent of males and 70 percent of females died prematurely, compared with only 30 percent and 20 percent in the control group. The number of rats used in the study was too small to draw statistically meaningful conclusions. The study team also selected a breed of rat to use in the experiments in which 80 percent routinely develop cancers, further obscuring the results. Some of the rats fed GM corn outlived the control group, further confusing the picture. The newly-released study, as the first version, did not include any pictures of the control rats. Critical scientists say that is most likely because the type of rat used is tumor prone and would almost certainly show numerous tumors after two years of life; including pictures of control rats with tumors would further undermine Séralini’s claims that the cancer was caused by the corn or glyphosate.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2014, Séralini et al. published a study in <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">BioMed Research International</em> claiming that pesticides were more toxic than regulatory bodies had previously thought. The study prompted Ralf Reski, one of the editors of the journal in which it was published, to resign. Reski said, “I do not want to be connected to a journal that provides [Séralini] a forum for such kind of agitation.”[http://news.sciencemag.org/environment/2014/02/pesticide-study-sparks-backlash</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">53% pvt $: https://www.plant-biotech.net/members/CV_Reski_BE_2014.pdf</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">kai K is glp author? http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/author/kai-kupferschmidt/</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="line-height: 27px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">SCIENCEINSIDER</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="line-height: 27px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Breaking news and analysis from the world of science policy</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="line-height: 27px;">Pesticide Study Sparks Backlash </span><span style="line-height: 27px; background-color: transparent;">http://news.sciencemag.org/environment/2014/02/pesticide-study-sparks-backlash only www ref to ralf?</span><span style="line-height: 27px; background-color: transparent;">]</span></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.1; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini Affair</font></strong></h2><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">What became known as the <b style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Séralini Affair</b> began in September 2012, and involved the publication of an experiment conducted by a group led by Séralini involving the feeding of of Monsanto’s Round-Up-resistant NK603 maize (called corn in North America) and the herbicide Round-Up to rats, over the rats’ two-year lifespan.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini had required that journalists, in order to receive a copy of the paper prior to the press conference, sign a confidentiality agreement prohibiting them from contacting other researchers for comment before the press conference. During the press conference, Séralini also announced he was releasing a book and a documentary film on the research. The press conference received extensive coverage in the media.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In the paper and in the press conference, Séralini claimed that the results showed that Round-Up-resistant maize and Round-Up are toxic. The abstract indicates: “The health effects of a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize (from 11% in the diet), cultivated with or without Roundup, and Round-Up alone (from 0.1 ppb in water), were studied 2 years in rats. In females, all treated groups died 2–3 times more than controls, and more rapidly. This difference was visible in 3 male groups fed GMOs. All results were hormone and sex dependent, and the pathological profiles were comparable.” The study used 200 Sprague-Dawley rats, 100 male and 100 female, and divided them into twenty groups with 10 rats each; ten experimental conditions were tested on male rats and separately on female rats for two years.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Other long-term studies, which were publicly funded, have uncovered no health issues. The Japanese Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology released a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17657996" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">52-week feeding study</a> of GM soybeans in 2007, finding “no apparent adverse effect in rats.” In 2012, a team of scientists at the University of Nottingham School of Biosciences <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691511006399" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">released</a> a review of 12 long-term studies (up to two years) and 12 multi-generational studies (up to 5 generations) of GM foods in the same journal that published the Seralini paper, concluding there is no evidence of health hazards.”</font></p><div id="article_container_1_recx_1" class="recx_ad ad_initialized article_body_ad" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 30px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: right; clear: right; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/7175/fdc.forbes/article-new_9container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The release of the book and movie in conjunction with the scientific paper, and the requirement that journalists sign a confidentiality agreement, were also criticized and negatively peer reviewed.</font></p><h3 style="line-height: 1.1; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Scientific evaluation</font></h3><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">As summarized on Wikipedia, the study was widely criticized. The London-based <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Science Media Centre</a>, which assists reporters when major science news breaks, posted an <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-gm-maize-causing-tumours-in-rats/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">entire page of criticisms</a>,Scientists claimed that Séralini’s conclusions were impossible to justify given the experimental design – the small sample size together with the length of the study together with the known high incidence of tumors in the species of rats used.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The paper was also challenged by numerous food standards agencies. Many claimed that the conclusions were impossible to justify given the statistical power of the study. Sprague-Dawley rats have a lifespan of about two years and have a high tendency to get cancer over their lifespan (one study found that over eighty percent of males and over seventy percent of females got cancer under normal conditions). The Séralini experiment lasted the normal lifespan of these rats, and the longer the experiment went, the more statistical “noise” there was – the more rats get cancer naturally, regardless of what was done to them. For the experiment to have adequate statistical power, all the groups – control groups and test groups – would have to number at least 65 rats per group in order to sort out any experimentally caused cancers from cancers that would occur normally – but the Séralini study had only ten per group.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines recommends 20 rats for chemical-toxicity studies, and 50 rats for carcinogenicity studies. In addition, if the survival of the rats is less than 50% at 104 weeks (which is likely given the Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study) the recommended number of rats is 65.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Dr. Francis Nang’ayo of the African Agricultural and Technology Foundation<a id="ref_4_text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_4" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">[4]</a> criticized the study for having used rats that were susceptible to cancer. “In science, the sample size for a study of such a magnitude should be at least 50 yet Seralini used only ten rats which to me greatly compromise the findings,” added Mr. Nang’ayo.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">King’s College London Professor Tom Sanders wrote that since Sprague-Dawley rats are susceptible to mammary tumors when food intake is not restricted, data should have been provided about how much food the rats were fed (as well as the presence of fungus in the feed, another confounder). Sanders also wrote of this study, “The statistical methods are unconven</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">--</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Sanders also wrote of this study, “The statistical methods are unconventional … and it would appear the authors have gone on a statistical fishing trip.”</font></p><div id="article_container_1_recx_2" class="recx_ad ad_initialized article_body_ad" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 30px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: right; clear: right; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/7175/fdc.forbes/article-new_10container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;" /><div style="line-height: 27px; text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The Washington Post quoted food activist and GMO critic Marion Nestle, the Paulette Goddard professor in the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health at New York University: “‘[I] can’t figure it out yet….It’s weirdly complicated and unclear on key issues: what the controls were fed, relative rates of tumors, why no dose relationship, what the mechanism might be. I can’t think of a biological reason why GMO corn should do this…..So even though I strongly support labeling, I’m skeptical of this study.’” University of Calgary Professor Maurice Moloney, among others, wondered why there were so many pictures in the study, and in sympathetic news reports about it, of treated rats with horrific tumors, but no pictures of the rats in the control group.</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 27px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 27px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Many national food safety and regulatory agencies reviewed the paper and condemned it. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment VP Reiner Wittkowski said in a statement, “The study shows both shortcomings in study design and in the presentation of the collected data. This means that the conclusions drawn by the authors are not supported by the available data.”</font></span></div><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">A joint report by three Canadian regulatory agencies also “identified significant shortcomings in the study design, implementation and reporting.” Similar conclusions were reached by the French HCB and the National Agency for Food Safety, the Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, the Technical University of Denmark, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, the Brazilian National Technical Commission on Biosafety, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The conclusions of the EFSA evaluation were:</font></p><blockquote style="line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 161.65625px 25px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; position: relative; z-index: 0; left: 25px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 7px 25px 14px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; position: relative; left: -25px; background: transparent;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The study as reported by Séralini <i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">et al.</i> was found to be inadequately designed, analysed and reported…The study as described by Séralini et al. does not allow giving weight to their results and conclusions as published. Conclusions cannot be drawn on the difference in tumour incidence between treatment groups on the basis of the design, the analysis and the results as reported. Taking into consideration Member States’ assessments and the authors’ answer to critics, EFSA finds that the study as reported by Séralini et al. is of insufficient scientific quality for safety assessments.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The <a title="European Federation of Biotechnology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federation_of_Biotechnology" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">European Federation of Biotechnology</a> lobby, which counts Monsanto and other GM firms among its members, called for the paper to be retracted, calling its publication a “dangerous failure of the peer-review system.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Six French national academies (of Agriculture, Medecine, Pharmacy, Science, Technology and Veterinarians) issued a joint statement – “an extremely rare event in French science”– condemning the study and the journal that published it. The joint statement dismissed the study as ‘a scientific non-event’. The Food and Chemical Toxicology journal, an Elsevier imprint, has a full peer review process, and at least three scientists were needed to endorse the Seralini article prior to publication. The journal in question published a statement in their November 2012 issue, that “the Editors have encouraged those people with concerns to write formally to the Editor-in-Chief, so that their views can be publicly aired.”</font></p><div id="article_container_1_recx_3" class="recx_ad ad_initialized article_body_ad" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 30px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: right; clear: right; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/7175/fdc.forbes/article-new_11container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In March 2013, the same journal that published the Seralini study, published a letter from Erio Barale-Thomas, Principal Scientist of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development and the President of the Conseil d’Administration of The Société Française de Pathologie Toxicologique (SFPT, French Society of Toxicologic Pathology. SFPT is “a non governmental/non profit organization formed by veterinarians, physicians, pharmacists and biologists specialized in veterinary and toxicologic pathology. The letter criticized the Seralini study on several fronts, and concluded: “However, given this study presents serious deficiencies in the protocol, the procedures and the interpretation of the results, the SFPT cannot support any of the scientific claims drawn by the authors, and any relevance for human risk assessment. This letter presents the consensus scientific opinion of the Conseil d’Administration of the SFPT.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">As a result of the publication of the Séralini paper, the Belgian Federal Minister of Public Health asked the Belgian Biosafety Advisory Council (BBAC) to evaluate the paper. The BBAC was asked to “inform the Minister whether this paper (i) contains new scientific information with regard to risks for human health of GM maize NK603 and (ii) whether this information triggers a revision of the current authorisation for commercialisation for food and feed use of this GM maize in the European Union (EU). Responding to the two point mandate, the BBAC committee, whose members are drawn from the Belgian biotech Professoriat, pointed out that “the long duration of this study is a positive aspect since most of the toxicity studies on GMOs are performed on shorter periods,” and concluded:</font></p><blockquote style="line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 161.65625px 25px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; position: relative; z-index: 0; left: 25px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 7px 25px 14px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; position: relative; left: -25px; background: transparent;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">“Given the shortcomings identified by the experts regarding the experimental design, the statistical analysis, the interpretation of the results, the redaction of the article and the presentation of the results, the Biosafety Advisory Council concludes that this study does not contain new scientifically relevant elements that may lead to reconsider immediately the current authorisation for food and feed use of GM maize NK603. Considering the issues raised by the study (i.e. long term assessment), the Biosafety Advisory Council proposes EFSA urgently to study in depth the relevance of the actual guidelines and procedures. It can find inspiration in the GRACE project to find useful information and new concerted ideas.”</font></p></blockquote><div id="article_container_1_recx_4" class="recx_ad ad_initialized article_body_ad" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 30px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: right; clear: right; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/7175/fdc.forbes/article-new_12container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><h3 style="line-height: 1.1; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Support for Séralini paper</font></strong></h3><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">According to Wikipedia, Séralini defended the study design, the interpretation of the results, and manner and content of the publication. Support for the study came from ENSSER (European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility), of which CRIIGEN, the institute that Seralini founded and that funded the study, is a member. A study funded by and conducted in consultation with ENSSER also found that EFSA applied double standards. An open letter in support of Seralini’s article, signed by about 300 scientists, doctors, scholars and activists, was published in Independent Science News, a project of the Bioscience Resource Project, both of which oppose GM crops.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The German research group Testbiotech, which opposes GMOs and which believes that regulators have been captured by the biotech industry, posted a report critical of the EFSA’s reaction to the study as not applying the same standards to studies submitted by industry as it did to Seralini’s study.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">A statement opposing the controversy, and especially the attacks on Seralini, was published in the newspaper <i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Le Monde</i> and was signed by 140 French scientists; the letter said: “We are deeply shocked by the image of our community that this controversy gives citizens. Many of the threats to our planet have been revealed by scientists isolated and confirmed by many studies coming from the scientific community. In this case, it would be more efficient to implement research on the health and environmental risks of GMOs and pesticides, improve toxicological protocols used for placing on the market and finance a variety of researchers in this domain….”</font></p><h2 style="line-height: 1.1; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Reaction in the media</font></h2><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The press conference led to wide coverage in the media, which “energized opponents of GM food, especially in Europe”. <i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Le Nouvel Observateur </i>covered the press conference in a story called, “Yes, GMOs are poisons!”.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">As Jon Entine <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/30/does-the-seralini-corn-study-fiasco-mark-a-turning-point-in-the-debate-over-gm-food/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">put it</a> in <i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Forbes</i>, “Seralini’s research is anomalous. Previous peer-reviewed rat feeding studies using the same products (NK603 and Roundup) have not found a</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">--</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Jon Entine <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/30/does-the-seralini-corn-study-fiasco-mark-a-turning-point-in-the-debate-over-gm-food/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">put it</a> in <i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Forbes</i>, “Seralini’s research is anomalous. Previous peer-reviewed rat feeding studies using the same products (NK603 and Roundup) have not found any negative food safety impacts.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Andrew Revkin dubbed it another instance of “single-study syndrome”, and contended that the study was in support of an “agenda”.</font></p><div id="article_container_1_recx_5" class="recx_ad ad_initialized article_body_ad" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 30px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: right; clear: right; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/7175/fdc.forbes/article-new_13container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Henry I. Miller, writing for Forbes, said of the study that “the investigators have refused to release all the data from the experiment, which constitutes scientific misconduct.” Séralini responded by saying, “…that he won’t make any data available to the EFSA and the BfR until the EFSA makes public all the data under-pinning its 2003 approval of NK603 maize for human consumption and animal feed.”</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">The Guardian’</i>s Environmental Blog stated that the study linking GM maize to cancer “must be taken seriously by regulators” and that although it “attracted a torrent of abuse”, “it cannot be swept under the carpet”. It noted that CRIIGEN funded the research although it did not report the source of the funds from organic interests and Greenpeace, which are vocal in opposition to genetic modification, and reported Séralini’s response: namely, that studies in support of GM food are usually funded by “corporates or by pro-biotech institutions”.</font></p><h2 style="line-height: 1.1; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GMO-Seralini</font></h2><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The Seralini research claims are officially promoted via a website run and managed by U.K. organic exporter, Sustainable Pulse publisher and anti-GMO activist <a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/henry-rowlands/#.U6dJTI1dVMk" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Henry Rowlands</a>.<a id="ref_5_text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_5" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">[5]</a></font></p><h2 id="toc_advocacy" style="line-height: 1.1; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Advocacy</font></h2><h4 id="toc_funding" style="line-height: 1.1; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Funding</font></h4><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini’s research campaign (reported to be more than 5 million Euros was funded in part with more than 3.2 million Euros by French organic food giants Auchan and Carrefour.<a id="ref_6_text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_6" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">[6]</a> A million euros were also donated by the the Fondation pour le progrès de l’homme (FPH – Foundation for the Progress of Humankind), a foundation with a reputation for generosity towards an assortment of anti-GMO groups. Séralini’s work is also funded by the activist group Greenpeace.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; line-height: 27px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Publicity for the release of his GMO rat feeding study claims was coordinated by the Sustainable Food Trust (SFT) lead by former UK organic industry Soil Association executive director Patrick Holden. A PR agency called Greenhouse PR managed the events, with media releases, sample tweets etc. and a press release telling media that “for pictures of the rats contact Greenhouse PR” (this page has since been removed from the Sustainable Food Trust website). Greenhouse PR also helped Sustainable Food Trust leverage Patrick Holden’s close relationship with the Prince of Wales to try to secure positive media coverage for Séralini’s controversial GMO corn study. Its website says: “Greenhouse helped organise a series of events hosted by Patrick Holden at Highgrove Farm, home of the Prince of Wales. Events were attended by leading industry opinion formers and key media and included off-the-record debates on issues related to the future of food and farming, followed by a guided tour of the farm.</font></p><div id="article_container_1_recx_6" class="recx_ad ad_initialized article_body_ad rec_ad_wide" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 30px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: right; clear: right; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div id="google_ads_iframe/7175/fdc.forbes/article-new_14container" style="line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0pt none; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">To raise awareness of GM on behalf of the SFT, Greenhouse also launched peer-reviewed scientific research into the impact of GM feed on the health of rats, accompanied by an educational website calling for more regulation and research.”<a id="ref_7_text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_7" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">[7</a>] Former SFT staffer <a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/henry-rowlands/#.U6dJTI1dVMk" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Henry Rowlands</a>, now an organic marketing exporter and publisher, hosts and maintains the GMO-Seralini official websites. Seralini is linked to a company called Sevene Pharma, where he is a consultant. The company sells homeopathic remedies. He is also reportedly linked to the ‘Invitation to Life’ cult.</font></p><h2 style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Books</font></h2><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.65625px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini, Gilles-Éric (2004). <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Ces-OGM-qui-changent-monde/dp/2080800620/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&qid=1377787758&sr=8-6&keywords=Seralini" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Ces OGM Qui Changent Le Monde</i></a>. <a title="Flammarion Publishing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammarion_Publishing" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Flammarion Publishing</a>. <a title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">ISBN</a> <a title="Special:BookSources/2080800620" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2080800620" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">2080800620</a>.</font></li><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.65625px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini, Gilles-Éric (2006). <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Apr%C3%A8s-d%C3%A9luge-Gilles-%C3%89ric-S%C3%A9ralini-Jean-Marie/dp/2082105490/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1377787913&sr=8-8&keywords=Seralini" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Après Nous le Déluge?</i></a>. <a title="Flammarion Publishing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammarion_Publishing" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Flammarion </a></font></li></ul><div><h2 id="toc_criticisms" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Criticisms</font></h2><p style="margin: 0px 161.65625px 21px 0px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Seralini’s claims and tactics have been heavily criticized by the regulatory, academic and science watchdog communities. Examples include:</font></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/p/criigen.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">CRIIGEN evaluation</a>, by David Tribe, GMO Pundit, December 2012.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theconversation.com/genetically-modified-corn-and-cancer-what-does-the-evidence-really-say-9746" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Genetically modified corn and cancer – what does the evidence really say?</a>, by Ashley Ng, The Converation, September 2012.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.science20.com/news_articles/700_researchers_call_gilleseric_seralini_release_gmo_test_data-95574" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">700 Researchers Call On Gilles-Eric Seralini To Release GMO Test Data</a>, Science 2.0, October 2012.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2013/06/10/being-gilles-eric-seralini-inside-the-mind-of-the-anti-gm-movement/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Being Gilles-Eric Seralini: Inside the mind of the anti-GM movement – See more at: http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2013/06/10/being-gilles-eric-seralini-inside-the-mind-of-the-anti-gm-movement/#sthash.RVnii37e.dpuf</a>, by Jon Entine, Genetic Literacy, June 2013.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://academicsreview.org/2012/09/scientists-smell-a-rat-in-fraudulent-study/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Scientists smell a rat in fraudulent study</a>, by Bruce Chassy & Henry Miller, Forbes Magazine, September 2012.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/anti-gm-corn-study-reconsidered-seralini-finally-responds-to-torrent-of-criticism/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Anti-GM corn study reconsidered: Seralini finally responds to torrent of criticism</a>, AEI, November 2012.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.passfail.com/news/forbes/seralini-paper-influences-kenya-ban-of-gmo-imports/seralini-paper-influences-kenya-ban-of-gmo-imports.htm" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Seralini paper influence Kenya ban of GMO imports</a>, by Emily Willingham, Forbes Magazine, December 2012.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://technyou.edu.au/2012/09/seralini-gmo-rats-and-cancer-part-2/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Seralini GMO rats & Cancer</a>, Tech ‘N You, 2013.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://weedcontrolfreaks.com/2012/09/why-i-think-the-seralini-gm-feeding-trial-is-bogus/comment-page-1/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Why I think the Seralini GM feeding trial is bogus</a>, by Andrew Kniss, Control Freaks, September 2012.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/05/29/anti-gmo-scientist-gilles-eric-seralini-activist-jeffrey-smith-withdraw-from-food-biotech-debate/" target="blank" class="exit_trigger_set" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Anti-GMO Scientist Gilles-Eric Seralini, Activist Jeffrey Smith Withdraw from Food Biotech Debate</a>, by Jon Entine, Forbes Magazine, May 2013</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.dailypaul.com/256135/french-government-anti-monsanto-study-was-so-poorly-conducted-it-harms-the-anti-gmo-movement" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Seralini anti-Monsanto study was so poorly conducted it harms the anti-GMO movement</a>, The Daily Paul, September 2012.</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://skeptico.blogs.com/skeptico/2013/06/the-seralini-rule-gmo-bogus-study.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">The Seralini Rule</a>, Skeptico, June 2013. Excerpt: “I have a new rule for debating anti-GMO people: If you favorably cite the 2012 Séralini rats fed on Roundup ready maize study, you just lost the argument…”</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://theprogressivecontrarian.com/2013/05/27/march-against-monsanto-nyc-version/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">March Against Monsanto</a>, The Progressive Contrarian, May 2013. Excerpt: “I mentioned Seralini and Smith were frauds who refuse to publicly debate scientists who want to challenge them…”</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.skepticalraptor.com/skepticalraptorblog.php/science-gmo-safe/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Science says GMOs are safe</a>, Skeptical Raptor, June 2013. Excerpt: “But be forewarned, if it is junk science, I will call it junk science, like Gilles-Eric Séralini et al.’s paper about GMO corn causing cancer. Except it was poorly designed, utilized bad statistics, and really provided no evidence whatsoever for anything except that Séralini is an incompetent scientist…”</font></li></ul><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://storify.com/vJayByrne/was-seralini-gmo-study-designed-to-generate-negati" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Was Seralini GMO study designed to generate negative outcome</a>, Storify, October 2012.</font></li></ul><h2 id="toc_references" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></h2><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li id="ref_1" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_1_text" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">1</a> <a href="http://www.criigen.org/SiteEn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=57&Itemid=105" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">Gilles Eric Séralini – President of the Scientific Board – Molecular Biology Professor </a>, by HH, CRIIGEN website, November 12, 2008.</font></li><li id="ref_2" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_2_text" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">2</a> <a href="http://gantdaily.com/2013/11/27/is-africa-ready-for-genetically-modified-foods/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">http://gantdaily.com/2013/11/27/is-africa-ready-for-genetically-modified-foods/</a></font></li><li id="ref_3" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_3_text" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">3</a> <a href="http://www.journals.elsevier.com/food-and-chemical-toxicology/news/journal-statement/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">http://www.journals.elsevier.com/food-and-chemical-toxicology/news/journal-statement/</a></font></li><li id="ref_4" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_4_text" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">4</a> <a href="http://mobile.nation.co.ke/business/Study-on-GMOs-withdrawn/-/1950106/2093496/-/format/xhtml/-/lt3pkm/-/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">http://mobile.nation.co.ke/business/Study-on-GMOs-withdrawn/-/1950106/2093496/-/format/xhtml/-/lt3pkm/-/index.html</a></font></li><li id="ref_5" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_5_text" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">5</a> <a href="http://gmoseralini.org/en/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">http://gmoseralini.org/en/</a></font></li><li id="ref_6" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_6_text" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">6</a> <a href="http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/2012/09/auchan-and-carrefour-financed-criigen.html" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/2012/09/auchan-and-carrefour-financed-criigen.html</a></font></li><li id="ref_7" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 15px 161.656px 15px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/profile-of-gilles-eric-seralini-author-of-republished-retracted-gmo-corn-rat-study/#ref_7_text" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">7</a> <a href="http://greenhousepr.co.uk/clients/about/sustainable-food-trust/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;">http://greenhousepr.co.uk/clients/about/sustainable-food-trust/</a></font></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><div class="print-content" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="node-1007241" class="node node-story view-mode-print clearfix" about="/food/major-study-demonstrates-monsanto-gmo-corn-product-can-cause-damage-liver-and-kidneys-and" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" style="position: relative;"><div class="byline environment"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="field field-name-field-sources field-type-node-reference field-label-hidden"><span class="field-items"><span class="field-item even"><a href="http://www.theecologist.org/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">The Ecologist</a> <span class="print-footnote">[1]</span></span></span></span> / <em>By</em> <em><a href="http://www.alternet.org/authors/oliver-tickell" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Oliver Tickell</a> <span class="print-footnote">[2]</span></em></font></div><div class="story_comments"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div class="headline"><h1 property="dc:title" datatype="" class="node-title"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Major Study: Monsanto GMO Corn Can Cause Damage to Liver and Kidneys, and Severe Hormonal Disruption</font></h1></div><div class="the_body body_environment clearfix"><div class="big_story_tools_bottom_container"><div class="authors_signup"><div class="talk_box"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="small" /></font></div><div class="clear"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div></div><div class="clear"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div class="story_tools_bottom"><div class="text-size"><div class="story_tools_email"><div class="story_tools_print"><div class="story_tools_share"><div style="clear: left;"><div class="story-date"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><em><span class="field field-name-field-date field-type-date field-label-hidden"><span class="field-items"><span class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single" property="dc:date" datatype="xsd:dateTime" content="2014-07-09T13:07:00-07:00">July 9, 2014</span></span></span></span> </em> | </font></div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A scientific study that identified serious health impacts on rats fed on 'Roundup ready' GMO maize has been republished following its controversial retraction under strong commercial pressure. Now regulators must respond and review GMO and agro-chemical licenses, and licensing procedures.</font></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A highly controversial paper by Prof Gilles-Eric Séralini and colleagues has been republished after a stringent peer review process.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <a href="http://sustainablepulse.us5.list-manage.com/track/click?u=96b2dcb7821c7b93f09376626&id=f44b24ebe5&e=e92fbf61bb" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">chronic toxicity study</a> <span class="print-footnote">[3]</span> examines the health impacts on rats of eating a commercialized genetically modified (GM) maize, Monsanto's NK603 glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The original study, published in Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT) in September 2012, found severe liver and kidney damage and hormonal disturbances in rats fed the GM maize and low levels of Roundup that are below those permitted in drinking water in the EU.</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However it was retracted by the editor-in-chief of the Journal in November 2013 after a <a href="http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/science/item/164-smelling-a-corporate-rat" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">sustained campaign</a> <span class="print-footnote">[4]</span> of criticism and defamation by pro-GMO scientists.</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Toxic effects were found from the GM maize tested alone, as well as from Roundup tested alone and together with the maize. Additional unexpected findings were higher rates of large tumours and mortality in most treatment groups.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Criticisms addressed in the new version</font></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Now the <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">study has been republished</a> <span class="print-footnote">[5]</span> by Environmental Sciences Europe. The republished version contains extra material addressing criticisms of the original publication.</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The raw data underlying the study's findings are also published - unlike the raw data for the industry studies that underlie regulatory approvals of Roundup, which are kept secret.</span> However, the new paper presents the same results as before and the conclusions are unchanged.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The republication restores the study to the peer-reviewed literature so that it can be consulted and built upon by other scientists.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The republished study is accompanied by a <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/13" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">separate commentary by Prof Séralini's team</a> <span class="print-footnote">[6]</span> (also <a href="http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/2452325/biosafety_and_the_seralini_affair_scientific_and_regulatory_reform_are_essential.html" target="self" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">published on The Ecologist</a> <span class="print-footnote">[7]</span>) describing the lobbying efforts of GMO crop supporters to force the editor of FCT to retract the original publication.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The authors explain that the retraction was "a historic example of conflicts of interest in the scientific assessments of products commercialized worldwide."</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We also show that the decision to retract cannot be rationalized on any discernible scientific or ethical grounds. Censorship of research into health risks undermines the value and the credibility of science; thus, we republish our paper."</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paper subjected to extraordinary scrutiny and peer review</font></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claire Robinson, editor of <a href="http://www.gmoseralini.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">GMOSeralini.org</a> <span class="print-footnote">[8]</span>, commented: "This study has now successfully passed no less than three rounds of rigorous peer review."</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">First</span> the paper was peer reviewed for its initial publication in Food and Chemical Toxicology, and <a href="http://retractionwatch.com/2014/01/16/journal-editor-defends-retraction-of-gmo-rats-study-while-authors-reveal-some-of-papers-history/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">according to the authors</a> <span class="print-footnote">[9]</span> it passed with only minor revisions.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The second review involved a non-transparent examination of Prof Séralini's raw data by a secret panel of unnamed persons organized by the editor-in-chief </span>of FCT, A. Wallace Hayes, in response to criticisms of the study by pro-GMO scientists.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/files/Letter_AWHayes_GES.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">letter to Prof Séralini, Hayes admitted</a> <span class="print-footnote">[10]</span> that the anonymous reviewers found nothing incorrect about the results, but argued that the tumour and mortality observations in the paper were "inconclusive", and this justified his decision to retract the study:</font></span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"A more in-depth look at the raw data revealed that no definitive conclusions can be reached with this small sample size regarding the role of either NK603 or glyphosate in regards to overall mortality or tumor incidence.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Given the known high incidence of tumors in the Sprague-Dawley rat, normal variability cannot be excluded as the cause of the higher mortality and incidence observed in the treated groups."</span></font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><em>"The rationale given for the retraction was <a href="http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/jan/08/science-food-health/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">widely criticized by scientists</a> <span class="print-footnote">[11]</span> as an act of censorship and a bow to the interests of the GMO industry",</em> says Robinson.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Some scientists pointed out that numerous published scientific papers contain inconclusive findings, including Monsanto's own short (90-day) study on the same GM maize, and have not been retracted. The retraction was even <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691514000039" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">condemned by a former member</a> <span class="print-footnote">[12]</span> of the editorial board of FCT."</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Now the study has passed a <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">third</span> peer review arranged by the journal that is republishing the study, Environmental Sciences Europe.[JE denies?]</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Let the critics carry out their own studies</font></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr Michael Antoniou, a molecular geneticist based in London, commented, "Few studies would survive such intensive scrutiny by fellow scientists.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The republication of the study after three expert reviews is a testament to its rigour, as well as to the integrity of the researchers. If anyone still doubts the quality of this study, they should simply read the republished paper. The science speaks for itself.</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"If even then they refuse to accept the results, they should launch their own research study on these two toxic products that have now been in the human food and animal feed chain for many years."</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr Jack A Heinemann, Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Canterbury New Zealand, said: "I applaud Environmental Sciences Europe for submitting the work to yet another round of rigorous blind peer review and then bravely standing by the process and the recommendations of its reviewers, especially after witnessing the events surrounding the first publication.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"This study has arguably prevailed through the most comprehensive and independent review process to which any scientific study on GMOs has ever been subjected."</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'Significant biochemical disturbances and physiological failures'</font></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The study examines the health effects on rats of eating Roundup-tolerant NK603 genetically modified (GM) maize (from 11% in the diet), cultivated with or without Roundup application, and Roundup alone (from 0.1 ppb of the full pesticide containing glyphosate and adjuvants) in drinking water. It found:</font></p><ul><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Biochemical analyses confirmed very significant chronic kidney deficiencies, for all treatments and both sexes; 76% of the altered parameters were kidney-related.</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"In treated males, liver congestions and necrosis were 2.5 to 5.5 times higher. Marked and severe nephropathies were also generally 1.3 to 2.3 times greater.</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"In females, all treatment groups showed a two- to threefold increase in mortality, and deaths were earlier.</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"This difference was also evident in three male groups fed with GM maize.</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"All results were hormone- and sex-dependent, and the pathological profiles were comparable.</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Females developed large mammary tumors more frequently and before controls;</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"the pituitary was the second most disabled organ;</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"the sex hormonal balance was modified by consumption of GM maize and Roundup treatments.</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Males presented up to four times more large palpable tumors starting 600 days earlier than in the control group, in which only one tumor was noted.</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"These results may be explained by not only the non-linear endocrine-disrupting effects of Roundup but also by the overexpression of the EPSPS transgene or other mutational effects in the GM maize and their metabolic consequences.</font></em></li><li><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Our findings imply that long-term (2 year) feeding trials need to be conducted to thoroughly evaluate the safety of GM foods and pesticides in their full commercial formulations."</font></em></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
The paper concludes: <em>"Taken together, the significant biochemical disturbances and physiological failures documented in this work reveal the pathological effects of these GMO and R treatments in both sexes, with different amplitudes.</em></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"They also show that <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/pubmed/15110110" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">the conclusion of the Monsanto authors</a> <span class="print-footnote">[13]</span> that the initial indications of organ toxicity found in their 90-day experiment were not 'biologically meaningful' is not justifiable.</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We propose that agricultural edible GMOs and complete pesticide formulations must be evaluated thoroughly in long-term studies to measure their potential toxic effects."</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Regulators must take these results seriously</font></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr Heinemann commented: "The work provides important new knowledge that must be taken into account by the community that evaluates and reports upon the risks of genetically modified organisms, indeed upon all sources of pesticide in our food and feed chains."</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to Patrick Holden, Chief Executive of the <a href="http://www.sustainablefoodtrust.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Sustainable Food Trust</a> <span class="print-footnote">[14]</span> (SFT) the study highlights the inadequacy of current safety testing:
<em>"The most obvious deficiency relates to the fact that the current approval process is based on animal feeding trials of only 90 days, a totally inadequate duration when one considers that chronic diseases in animals and humans do not usually manifest until mid-life."</em>
A second deficiency, he added, relates to the newly emerging science of epigenetics - which demonstrates that endocrine systems can be seriously disrupted by the presence of chemical residues at concentrations as low as a few parts per billion.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"This turns on its head the logic of an approval process based on MRL (maximum residue levels), since it is becoming increasingly apparent that these chemicals have patterns of non-linear response."</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong>An 'urgent review' of pesticide licensing is needed</strong>
Given these concerns, said Holden, "there is a strong case for an urgent review of the regulatory process for licensing both the herbicide Roundup and the neonicotinoid class of insecticides. A fundamental review of the entire process for licensing agricultural chemicals is required to ensure that in future the public interest is better served."
<em>Professor Pete Myers, Chief Executive of Environmental Health Sciences and scientific advisor to the SFT points out that only "the tiniest fraction of agricultural chemicals" have been studied for health effects by independent scientists:</em></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Over the last two-decades there has been a revolution in environmental health sciences that suggests the proportion of diseases attributable to chemical exposures is far bigger and more significant than previously understood.</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The tools we have available to us to say what is safe and not safe are deeply flawed. They are not based on two decades of development in the fields of endocrine disruption and epigenetics, but instead on tests developed in the 1950s.</font></em></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"They do not reflect the complexity of mixtures, or the way in which chemicals interact."</font></em></p></div><div id="report-typos"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div class="tags"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See more stories tagged with:</font></em><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.alternet.org/tags/gmo" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">gmo</a> <span class="print-footnote">[16]</span>,</font></div><div class="field-item odd"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.alternet.org/tags/maize" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">maize</a> <span class="print-footnote">[17]</span></font></div></div></div></div><div class="comment_button"><div class="print-footer" style="text-align: center;"><hr class="print-hr" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; height: 1px; width: 1551px; background-color: rgb(158, 158, 158);" /><div class="print-source_url" style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong>Source URL:</strong> <a href="http://www.alternet.org/food/major-study-demonstrates-monsanto-gmo-corn-product-can-cause-damage-liver-and-kidneys-and" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">http://www.alternet.org/food/major-study-demonstrates-monsanto-gmo-corn-product-can-cause-damage-liver-and-kidneys-and</a></font></div><div class="print-links"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" /><div style="text-align: left;"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Links:</font></strong></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[1] http://www.theecologist.org/</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[2] http://www.alternet.org/authors/oliver-tickell</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[3] http://sustainablepulse.us5.list-manage.com/track/click?u=96b2dcb7821c7b93f09376626&id=f44b24ebe5&e=e92fbf61bb</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[4] http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/science/item/164-smelling-a-corporate-rat</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[5] http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[6] http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/13</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[7] http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/2452325/biosafety_and_the_seralini_affair_scientific_and_regulatory_reform_are_essential.html</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[8] http://www.GMOSeralini.org/</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[9] http://retractionwatch.com/2014/01/16/journal-editor-defends-retraction-of-gmo-rats-study-while-authors-reveal-some-of-papers-history/</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[10] http://www.gmwatch.org/files/Letter_AWHayes_GES.pdf</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[11] http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/jan/08/science-food-health/</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[12] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691514000039</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[13] http://www.enveurope.com/pubmed/15110110</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[14] http://www.sustainablefoodtrust.org/</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[15] mailto:corrections@alternet.org?Subject=Typo on Major Study: Monsanto GMO Corn Can Cause Damage to Liver and Kidneys, and Severe Hormonal Disruption</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[16] http://www.alternet.org/tags/gmo</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[17] http://www.alternet.org/tags/maize</font></div><div style="text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[18] http://www.alternet.org/%2Bnew_src%2B</font></div></div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/science/item/164-smelling-a-corporate-rat</font></p><p><span class="itemDateCreated" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; display: block; line-height: 22.1px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tuesday, 11 December 2012 21:17</font></span></p><h2 class="itemTitle" style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 4px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 35.2px; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 1px; display: inline-block; border-radius: 0px 3px 3px 0px; font-weight: normal; position: relative; z-index: 2; background: 0px 0px repeat-x rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Smelling a corporate rat</font></h2><p><span style="line-height: 22.1px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="line-height: 22.1px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="itemAuthor" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; display: block; line-height: 22.1px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By <a rel="author" href="http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/jonathan-matthews" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in 0s; background: transparent;">Jonathan Matthews</a></font></span></span></span></p><div class="itemIntroText" style="margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 12px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">new study suggesting a Monsanto GM maize and the company's Roundup herbicide may pose serious health risks has been widely attacked, not just by scientists and commentators but also by scientific bodies and regulators. Here, Jonathan Matthews of GMWatch looks at the role of industry-linked scientists and lobbyists in a campaign aimed at getting the paper retracted. You can also<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/116473155/Smelling-a-corporate-rat" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in 0s; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">download this article as a PDF</a>.
</font></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At the end of November <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Reuters </span>ran the headline <a href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/11/30/us-science-gm-journal-idUKBRE8AT10920121130" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Science Journal Urged to Retract Monsanto GM Study</a> and New Scientist <a href="http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2012/11/retraction-gm-crop-cancer-study.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">also reported</a> the growing pressure for retraction. These articles marked the latest stage in a campaign that kicked off the moment the study was published in mid-September, when researchers led by Prof. Gilles-Eric Seralini at the University of Caen in France announced <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">their findings</a> of serious health problems in rats that had been fed a Monsanto maize genetically engineered to be resistant to the company's herbicide Roundup, as well as in rats just fed low doses of the herbicide itself. In both cases the rats fed with the GM maize and/or minute amounts of the herbicide in water were several times more likely to develop lethal tumours and suffer severe liver and kidney damage when compared to the controls.</font></p></div><div class="itemFullText" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 22.1px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Science Media Centre spearheads the attack</strong>
Although the publication of the results of the long-term feeding trial in Food and Chemical Toxicology made front page news in France, it got a very different reception in the English-speaking world. This was thanks to the rapid rebuttal efforts of the London-based Science Media Centre (SMC), which almost as soon as the study was published began <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-gm-maize-causing-tumours-in-rats/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">spoon-feeding journalists with ready-made quotes from scientists</a> savaging the study.
The SMC's director Fiona Fox was subsequently <a href="http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=421361" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">reported as saying</a> that she took pride in the fact that the SMC's "emphatic thumbs down had largely been acknowledged throughout UK newsrooms: apart from the Mail, only the Daily Telegraph and the Financial Times covered the story in their print editions – and both used quotes supplied by the Science Media Centre.” She added that several television news programmes had also rejected the story after reading the quotes
The SMC's quotes were pumped out internationally via its clones, like <a href="http://www.smc.org.au/2012/09/rapid-reaction-long-term-toxicity-of-gm-maize-food-and-chemical-toxicology-experts-respond/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the Australian Science Media Centre</a>, with like-minded local experts layered on the top. The quotes were also <a href="http://corporateeurope.org/news/study-monsantos-gm-maize-intensifies-concerns-about-efsas-reliability-monsanto-strikes-back-pr" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">circulated to the media by Monsanto and other GM lobby groups</a>. As a result, the quotes ended up in a lot of media coverage worldwide<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. One even </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/business/energy-environment/disputed-study-links-modified-corn-to-greater-health-risks.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">popped up in the New York Times</a> along with the scathing comments of Bruce M. Chassy, professor emeritus of food science at the University of Illinois. </span>
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Retraction campaign kicks in</strong>
Another key player in whipping up hostility to the paper was the American business magazine <font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Forbes.</font> In the ten days following the study's release, Forbes published no less than six separate attack pieces targeting not just the research but also the researchers. The first two pieces drew extensively on the quotes from the Science Media Centre and ran with them, but the Forbes piece that grabbed the most attention, <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">particularly on social media, was one that kicked off with a headline that <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/09/25/scientists-smell-a-rat-in-fraudulent-genetic-engineering-study/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">labelled the paper a fraud</a>. </span>The article went on to accuse Prof. Seralini not just of "gross scientific misconduct" but also of having "a long and sordid history" of "activism". The article concluded by bluntly telling the editors of Food and Chemical Toxicology that the only "honorable course of action for the journal would be to retract the paper immediately".
The retraction campaign was by then well under way. An<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> </span><a href="http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dr-seralini-please-release-data/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">online petition</span> </a>was up and running, demanding in the name of "the scientific community" that Seralini hand over all his raw data. The petition was aggressively promoted via social media, often with <a href="https://twitter.com/mark_lynas/status/250151291022626817" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the implication that the researchers had something to hide</a>. The assertion that the study was "fraudulent" obviously played well into this campaign, which culminated in the<font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Reuters and New Scientist </font>pieces reporting the retraction calls. Both these articles reported on the petition, as well as containing lacerating comments from two UK scientists – <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsa-report-conclusion-that-seralini-study-conclusions-were-not-supported-by-data/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">comments once again provided by the Science Media Centre</a>.
One of the published comments – from Prof. Maurice Moloney – said it was "appalling" that such a study should ever have been published in a respected journal. And a researcher from the UK's John Innes Centre demanded to know whether it was not "time for Food and Chemical Toxicology to retract the manuscript?" The only other scientist quoted claimed the publication of the paper was more than just "a dangerous case of failure of the peer-review system." It represented a threat to not just the credibility of the journal but "the scientific method overall". This apocalyptic claim was backed up by the news that hundreds of outraged scientists had signed the online petition.
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Who's behind the retraction petition?</strong>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/sep/28/study-gm-maize-cancer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Writing in The Guardian </a>at the end of September, John Vidal described the attacks already raining down on Seralini and his team as "a triumph for the scientific and corporate establishment which has used similar tactics to crush other scientists". These included, Vidal said, "Arpad Pusztai of the Rowett Institute in Scotland, who was sacked after his research suggested GM potatoes damaged the stomach lining and immune system of rats, and David Quist and Ignacio Chapela", who studied the flow of genes from illegally planted GM maize to Mexican indigenous maize.</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The vociferous attacks on Quist and Chapela resulted in the apparent retraction of their paper by the journal Nature,<b> even though </b><b><a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">such a move was not supported by the majority of its reviewers </a>and subsequent research <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/02/24/2499950.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">confirmed the paper’s main finding</a></b><b>.</b> But, as the French journalist Benjamin Sourice <a href="http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14424" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">has pointed out</a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, the simplest way to definitively discredit a study and nullify its impact is to pressurise the journal that published it to retract it from its list of publications.</span>
In the case of Quist and Chapela, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">an investigation that I undertook with the journalist and author Andy Rowell of Spinwatch</a> revealed how the campaign of retraction had been carefully orchestrated from the start by <b>Monsanto's PR people. </b>It used proxies to whip up feeling against the lead author by branding Dr Chapela an "activist" rather than a scientist and by maintaining his findings were bogus and arrived at through collusion with environmental NGOs. Our research, which was <a href="http://ngin.tripod.com/deceit_index.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">widely reported in both print and broadcast media</a>, suggested that at the heart of that retraction campaign sat<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Monsanto's former chief internet strategist and director of corporate communications. <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Jay_Byrne" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Jay Byrne</a> had gone on to found his own internet PR company v-Fluence, based like Monsanto in the corporation's home town of St Louis. </span>
Although Byrne <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">appeared to be the campaign's chief architect,</a> its principal conduit was the lobby group AgBioWorld, overseen by the GM scientist CS Prakash. The <a href="http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dr-seralini-please-release-data/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">"ipetition" </a>on Seralini contains no information as to who sponsored it, but its first signatory is CS Prakash. Prakash also seems to have set up <a href="http://www.change.org/petitions/global-scientific-community-urge-dr-seralini-to-release-data-from-studies-on-biotech-corn-with-rats" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">an earlier more primitive version of the petition</a>, which clearly identifies him as its sponsor.
Some time after GMWatch <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14235" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">flagged up </a>the likely role of Prakash and AgBioWorld in the ipetition, the organisation acknowledged its authorship <a href="http://presswire.einnews.com/247pr/309289" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">in a press release </a>which asserted that "the petitioning scientists are calling on the publishing journal editors to retract the Seralini study" if he failed to give in to their demand that he hand over all his data.
The AgBioWorld press release contained a quote by Bruce Chassy, who was also <a href="http://www.change.org/petitions/global-scientific-community-urge-dr-seralini-to-release-data-from-studies-on-biotech-corn-with-rats" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the first signatory of the earlier Seralini petition</a>. Chassy was also<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/09/25/scientists-smell-a-rat-in-fraudulent-genetic-engineering-study/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> the co-author of the Forbes piece</a>accusing Seralini of fraud.
The article's other author was Henry Miller, a darling of the rightwing press who operates out of the Hoover Institution, among <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14255" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">other industry backed lobby groups</a>. Miller, like Chassy, has long been associated with Prakash's AgBioWorld. Miller recently co-authored<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/10/22/the-roots-of-the-anti-genetic-engineering-movement-follow-the-money/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">another vitriolic piece on GM for Forbes</a>, denouncing the "fear profiteers" of the anti-GM "protest industry". Miller's co-author on that occasion was none other than former Monsanto PR boss Jay Byrne of v-Fluence. Tellingly, Michael Pollan, the renowned New York Times food writer and professor of journalism at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism, described the piece by Byrne and Miller as <a href="https://twitter.com/michaelpollan/status/260791206412423168" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a breathtaking example of "the Big Lie"</a>.
Byrne hasn't published any media pieces on Seralini. But it is apparent from <a href="https://twitter.com/vJayByrne" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Byrne's Twitter account</a> that he was almost solely preoccupied with discrediting the Seralini study from the day of its publication for about the next month. Byrne describes himself on Twitter as v-Fluence CEO and as "Contributing author, Let Them Eat Precaution", a book on GM edited by Jon Entine. Entine, as it happens, is the author of probably more articles to date attacking Seralini than any other commentator.
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Agribiz apologist</strong>
Entine's book emerged out of an <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/American_Enterprise_Institute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">American Enterprise Institute </a>conference overseen by Entine at which Byrne was an invited speaker. And Byrne's v-Fluence turns up again in company with Entine at another AEI conference he oversaw – this one attacking corporate social responsibility (CSR). <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/44-2005/7898" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">According to Business Ethics</a>: "A second AEI conference featured AEI fellow Jon Entine – a long-time critic of SRI [socially responsible investing] – and Sarah Fuhrmann of v-Fluence Interactive Public Relations. Several v-Fluence employees are ex-public affairs staffers for Monsanto – where they honed skills fighting CSR initiatives that targeted genetically modified foods."
Entine hasn't just worked with Byrne and v-Fluence, but has also done paid work for Byrne's company. In a piece about Entine by the food and farming commentator Tom Philpott, <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/tom-philpott/2012/02/atrazine-syngengta-tyrone-hayes-jon-entine" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Making of an Agribusiness Apologist</a>, Entine denies being a hired gun for Syngenta in his work defending pesticides and downplays the fact that his company (ESG MediaMetrics) lists Monsanto as a client. This is how he explains it: "Nine years ago, I did a $2000 research project for v-Fluence, a social media company formed by former Monsanto executives. That's the entirety of my Monsanto relationship." Presumably Entine <a href="http://www.esgmediametrics.com/clients.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">lists Monsanto and not Jay Byrne's firm as his company's paymaster </a>because he recognises that what he does for v-Fluence he's really doing for Monsanto.
Entine's <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/20/scientists-savage-study-purportedly-showing-health-dangers-of-monsantos-genetically-modified-corn/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">first attack</a> on Seralini came out on Forbes within 24 hours of the paper's publication. His <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/30/does-the-seralini-corn-study-fiasco-mark-a-turning-point-in-the-debate-over-gm-food/2/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">second piece </a>a few days later contained further attacks, not just on Seralini, whom he accused of steadfastly refusing to share his raw data, but on almost anyone who attempted to defend the study. Entine also published <a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2012/11/19/anti-gm-corn-study-reconsidered-seralini-finally-responds-to-torrent-of-criticism/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a third more recent article</a> which focuses particularly on letters to Food and Chemical Toxicology requesting Seralini's paper be retracted. In this he notes, "More than two dozen scientists from around the world co-signed a stinging rebuke of the Seralini study, concluding: 'We appeal to you to subject the paper to rigorous re-review by appropriate experts and promptly retract it if it fails to meet widely held scientific standards of design and analysis, as we believe it fails to do.'"
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007922" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The letter </a>Entine is referring to was signed by, among others, CS Prakash, Henry Miller and Bruce Chassy. Several of the other signatories also have connections to AgBioWorld. Entine's <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/44-2005/5314" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">book on GM</a>, incidentally, also has contributions from CS Prakash and his AgBioWorld co-founder, Greg Conko of the Competitive Enterprise Institute.
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Cancer-prone rat</strong>
Another signatory of this joint letter to Food and Chemical Toxicology is Prof. Anthony Trewavas. Trewavas was also one of the experts quoted by the SMC<a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-gm-maize-causing-tumours-in-rats/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> in their media release</a>that had such an impact on the reporting of the Seralini study.
In his SMC comments, which ended up being <a href="http://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/clippings/professor-anthony-trewavas-comments-on-controversial-scientific-paper-on-gm-corn%285703ab8a-99b1-4eef-8f2a-e6da273c7fa4%29.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">quoted in well over 20 different publications</a>worldwide, Trewavas accuses the researchers of using a cancer-prone rat and claims: "[A] line [of rats] which is very susceptible to tumours can easily bias any result." This line of argument was also developed for the SMC by another expert, Maurice Moloney who says Sprague-Dawley rats frequently develop mammary tumours
It is this cancer-prone rat claim, which Trewavas and Moloney first set running, that more than any other underpins the Chassy-Miller allegation of fraud. The suggestion is that the study was deliberately designed to generate tumours, i.e. that Seralini and his team intentionally chose the Sprague-Dawley rat for their research in order to produce exactly the result they wanted - cancer!
But although variants on this claim have been widely reported, there are a number of problems with it. Not only is this line of rats the same one that <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691504000547" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Monsanto used for the study</a> that underlies the regulatory approval of this GM maize (NK603), but Sprague-Dawley rats have also been used repeatedly in toxicology and carcinogenesis trials, <a href="http://www.ensser.org/democratising-science-decision-making/ensser-comments-on-seralini-study/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">including long-term ones</a>. They were even <a href="http://earthopensource.org/files/pdfs/Roundup-and-birth-defects/VOLUME3-1_GLYPHOSAT_04.PDF" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">used in industry’s own two-year research studies</a> submitted to regulators to support the regulatory approval of glyphosate – the active ingredient in Monsanto's Roundup, one of the two substances that Seralini's team were researching.
And the fact that this strain of rat has <a href="http://www.ramazzini.it/ricerca/pdfUpload/Cancer%20Medicine%2049-64_2006.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a 30%-plus tendency to “spontaneous” cancers across its lifetime actually means it a good model for humans</a>, who have a similar susceptibility to the disease. What's more, even allowing for the Sprague-Dawley rats having a tendency to spontaneous tumours, Seralini's team found the rats fed on either the GM maize or the herbicide suffered an increase in the number of tumours and they had an earlier onset when compared to those in the control group. The researchers also took account of the spontaneous tumour issue by comparing their results to the rates of similar types of tumour in other published studies using the same strain of rat.
This is not say that the Seralini study does not have its shortcomings. It's true that the study had fewer rats than are recommended for cancer studies, but Seralini did not set out to look for tumours. His study was a chronic toxicity one that unexpectedly found striking evidence of increased tumours in the treated rats. Given this finding, the onus should now be on Monsanto to fund a full-scale carcinogenicity study using larger groups of rats to prove that its products are safe – something it has so far failed to do.
Angelika Hilbeck of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) describes the "wrong rat" argument first put forward by Trewavas and Moloney as "absurd". <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14451" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Hilbeck says</a>, "Seralini chose the same strain of rat as Monsanto. Do we really think that a substance should be tested on an animal that is not sensitive to it? With these defamations they wanted to distract us from the fact that Seralini used the same methodology as Monsanto. Because if you take Seralini seriously as a researcher, you have to take seriously his study and the comparison with Monsanto's study. That would put into question Monsanto's study and hence the approval of GM maize."
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Double standards used to condemn studies showing risk</strong>
In fact, many of the charges that have been made against the Seralini study could be levelled against the studies that have been used to approve GM crops, which are less detailed than Seralini's and typically shorter-term. This is why <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14288" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a report by the European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility (ENSSER)</a> concluded that a careful comparison of the Seralini rat feeding trial with Monsanto trials shows that if the Seralini experiments are considered insufficient to demonstrate harm, then those carried out by Monsanto cannot prove safety. This is because, whatever its limitations, <font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Seralini's study was conducted to generally higher scientific standards than the studies underlying GM food approvals. </font>
ENSSER highlights the double standards whereby studies on GM crops like Seralini's that show adverse effects are subjected to obsessive yet often poorly justified criticism of their experimental and statistical methods, while those like Monsanto's that claim safety are taken at face value. In this way risk is assessed in an asymmetrical fashion so that the burden of proof is not on the biotech industry to provide adequate evidence of the safety of its products, but is on public researchers like Seralini to prove harm beyond any doubt.<a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14372" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Other experts</a> have echoed the charge of double standards, including around 140 French scientists who, <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14434" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">in a public statement published in Le Monde</a>, declared that it was contrary to scientific ethics to damn an experimental protocol when it gave results that were not wanted, while accepting it when it gave results that were.
These double standards can also be seen in the ipetition demanding that Seralini hand over all of his raw data to his critics. Those championing the petition have no history of demanding from Monsanto full public disclosure of all the raw data underlying its studies supporting safety (the industry studies on glyphosate, for example, are <a href="http://www.omicsonline.org/2161-0525/2161-0525-S4-006.php?aid=7453" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">kept secret under 'commercial confidentiality' agreements between industry and regulators</a>). This is why Seralini has said he will undertake full disclosure when the same level of disclosure takes place for all the studies underlying GM food approvals, so that like can be compared with like.
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Public science and private interests</strong>
One of the early UK signatories of the ipetition, as well as a co-signatory, like Prof. Trewavas, of the letter to Food and Chemical Toxicology from Prakash, Chassy and Miller, is <a href="http://powerbase.info/index.php/Chris_Leaver" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Prof. Chris Leaver</a>. Leaver, like Trewavas, is a GM scientist. He is also a former advisor to the Science Media Centre and a former consultant to the GM/agrochemical giant Syngenta. Since 1984 Prof. Leaver has also been<a href="http://www.jic.ac.uk/corporate/about/organisation/gov-council.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> on the Governing Council </a>of the UK's leading public plant biotechinstitute, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/John_Innes_Centre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the John Innes Centre</a> – something else he has in common with Prof. Trewavas, who was also for several years on the JIC's Governing Council.
The JIC has been a key player in the criticism of Seralini. This is apparent as soon as you look at the SMC's three media releases on the study. <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-gm-maize-causing-tumours-in-rats/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The first</a> quoted eight experts including a senior scientist at the JIC and a former member of its Governing Council (Trewavas). <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsa-initial-review-of-gm-maize/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The second </a>quoted just one expert, Cathie Martin of the JIC. <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-efsa-report-conclusion-that-seralini-study-conclusions-were-not-supported-by-data/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The third </a>quoted five experts, of which three, including Cathie Martin, were from the JIC.
What makes this predominance particularly revealing is that the scientists in question are not experts on toxicology or animal studies. Their expertise is in plant genetics and GM. What's more, the JIC and its Sainsbury Laboratory have had tens of millions of pounds in investment from GM giants like Syngenta. In fact, they are so dependent on the public acceptance of GM that a previous acting director of the JIC<a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/John_Innes_Centre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> confided to his local paper </a>that any major slowdown or halt in the development of GM crops "would be very, very serious for us".
These vested interests are personal as well as institutional. Cathie Martin, for instance, says in <a href="http://www.jic.ac.uk/profile/cathie-martin.asp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">her JIC profile</a>, "I am inventor on seven patents and I recently co-founded a spin-out company (Norfolk Plant Sciences) with Professor Jonathan Jones FRS, to bring the benefits of plant biotechnology to Europe and the US." <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Jonathan_Jones" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Jones</a>, who is quoted along with Martin in one of the SMC releases, co-founded another biotech firm, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mendel_Biotechnology" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Mendel Biotechnology</a>, which has Monsanto as its "most important customer and collaborator".
The failure of Jones, who is also an advisor to Mendel Biotechnology, to be more explicit about his industry links, has <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jul/18/gm-scientist-defends-monsanto-links" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">generated controversy</a>. Yet journalists are given no indication of these kind of conflicts of interest by the SMC's releases, as <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14267" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the journalist Joanna Blythman has noted</a>: "The SMC introduced these experts to the media solely by listing the universities and public institutions that employ them, failing to give the full flavour of their interests." And the problem goes much wider than the JIC, as <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14267" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Blythman notes with regard to the experts quoted in the SMC's first media release</a>: "seven out of eight are either evangelical advocates of GM food, or have received funding from, or worked with, prominent biotech corporations."
Take, for instance, the very first expert quoted by the SMC, Prof. Maurice Moloney. This year, the SMC has featured Moloney <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/?s=moloney&cat=" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">in no fewer than four different media releases on GM</a>. They typically identify him only as "Institute Director and Chief Executive, Rothamsted Research", which is an independent charitable agricultural research centre. What journalists aren't told is that Moloney is so enamoured of GM that <a href="http://www.spinwatch.org.uk/-articles-by-category-mainmenu-8/46-gm-industry/5505-science-one-whining-greenies-nil" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">he drives around in a Porsche with a GMO number plate</a>, and has a CV to match. He is the inventor on more than 300 patents and his GM research underpins one of Monsanto's main GM crops. He has also founded his own GM company in which the GM giant Dow AgroScience was an investor. The fact that Prof. Moloney's career and business interests have long been centered around GM is not something the SMC seems to think journalists need to know.
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Letters to journal fail to disclose conflicts of interest</strong>
This pattern of significant but undisclosed conflicts of interest is relevant to not only the majority of the SMC's experts but also to many of Seralini's other critics, including those responsible for the twenty or so letters published by Food and Chemical Toxicology in response to Seralini's paper. Some of the letter writers are, in fact, exactly the same people that the SMC quotes. They are also often to be found amongst<a href="http://www.ipetitions.com/petition/dr-seralini-please-release-data/signatures" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> the earliest signatories of the AgBioWorld ipetition</a>. Maurice Moloney, for example, not only turns up twice in the SMC's media rebuttals of Seralini, but comes in at no. 11 on the list of ipetition signatories, and <a href="http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/features/online/6048/gm-corn-and-cancer-s%C3%A9ralini-affair?page=0%2C2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">he wrote a letter to the journal</a>.
Another <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007910" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">letter writer demanding retraction is Prof. Mark Tester</a>. Like Moloney and the JIC, Tester is a firm favourite with the SMC, <a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/?s=mark%20tester&cat=" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">featuring in three of this year's SMC's media releases </a>and in many more over the years. He was already a favoured expert a decade ago when the SMC was<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.medicalscience" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> accused of orchestrating a spin campaign</a> to discredit a BBC drama on GM crops. <a href="http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/mark.tester" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The University of Adelaide staff directory</a> broadens out Prof. Tester's academic profile in a way the SMC never has: "His commercial acumen is clear from his establishment of private companies and successful interactions with multinational companies such as Monsanto, Syngenta, Bayer and Pioneer-DuPont."
Many other letter writers also have undisclosed industry links. Take, for instance, Martina Newell-McGloughlin. <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007922" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">She identifies herself </a>as the director of the International Biotechnology Program at the University of California/Davis, but fails to mention that <a href="http://www.citywatchla.com/4box-left/3879-damning-report-questions-monsanto-genetically-modified-corn-study" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the Program is funded by the likes of Monsanto, Syngenta, DuPont and Bayer</a>. Another letter writer and a colleague at UC Davis, Kent Bradford, <a href="http://www.sacbee.com/static/live/news/projects/biotech/c3_3.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">has consulted for Monsanto</a>. Lucia de Souza<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512008022" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> wrote to the journal </a>with Leila Macedo Oda on behalf of <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/ANBio" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">ANBio – the Brazilian Biosafety Association</a>, without mentioning that ANBio's funders include Monsanto, Bayer, and DuPont.
Then there are the letter writers who fail to mention their previous employers, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Sense_about_Science#Monsanto_scientist_named_on_early_draft_of_SAS_guide_to_GM" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">like Andrew Cockburn</a>, Monsanto's former director of scientific affairs (Europe and Africa); <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/L.Val_Giddings" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">L. Val Giddings</a>, former Vice President of the <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/BIO" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Biotechnology Industry Organisation</a>; and <a href="http://www.zoominfo.com/#!search/profile/person?personId=90497954&targetid=profile" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Sivramiah (Shanthu) Shantharam</a>, former Syngenta man and until recently head of the biotech industry's main lobby group in India.
Even letter writers who at first glance seem like they must be entirely independent of the biotech industry can turn out to have links. Take, for instance, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Erio_Barale-Thomas" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Erio Barale-Thomas</a>, one of the few toxicologists <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">to criticize the Seralini paper in the journal</a>. Barale-Thomas, who says he writes on behalf of the Administrative Council of the French Society of Toxicological Pathology, takes Seralini to task for his failure to declare a conflict of interest in his paper, namely that Seralini is president of CRIIGEN, an independent research group with concerns about GM, which contributed funding to the research. Yet CRIIGEN's contribution to funding the study was declared in the paper, while Barale-Thomas does not disclose in his letter <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Erio_Barale-Thomas" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">his own biotech interests</a>. He is not only principal scientist at Janssen Biotech, but immediately prior to that he worked for the GM crop and agrochemical giant Bayer CropScience (1998-2003).
Another French scientist among the letter writers is Prof. Marc Fellous, whose declared connections are academic posts in the sphere of human genetics. What he doesn't mention is that he heads up the <a href="http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14362" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">French Association of Plant Biotechnology</a>, which lobbies for GM crops and has been so aggressive in its attacks on Seralini that last year he successfully sued Fellous for defamation.
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Science or ideology?</strong>
Another letter writer <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007983" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">is the pathologist Sir Colin Berry</a>. Like Trewavas, <a href="http://www.scientific-alliance.org/scientific-advisory-forum" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Berry is an advisor to the Scientific Alliance</a>, an organization which campaigns on environmental issues, particularly climate change, energy policy and agriculture. It is pro-GM, pro-nuclear and sceptical about climate change. Its director, <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Martin_Livermore" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Martin Livermore</a>, runs an agri-food PR consultancy, prior to which he did PR for the GM giant DuPont. <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Scientific_Alliance" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Alliance</a> was established by the lobby firm Foresight Communication with money from right-wing business interests.
Trewavas is one of only a couple of scientists who not only signed onto the Prakash, Chassy, Miller letter but also sent <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007958" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">their own letter of complaint to the journal</a>. Trewavas concludes it like this: "this paper and this journal have dealt the value of evidence-based knowledge a serious blow and it can only be rectified if the paper is withdrawn by the authors with an apology for misleading the public and the scientific community alike… Ideology and politics must be kept out of scientific study or we all suffer."
It is revealing that critics like Berry and Trewavas claim to champion an evidence-based approach while operating out of lobby groups that attack the scientific consensus on issues like climate change. <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Colin_Berry" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Berry</a>, incidentally, is also a shareholder in the company that owns the aggressively libertarian online magazine <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Spiked" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Spiked</a>, which also promotes climate scepticism.<a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Fiona_Fox" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Fiona Fox</a>, the director of the <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Science_Media_Centre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Science Media Centre</a>, was a long-time affiliate of <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/LM_network" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the anti-environmental LM network</a> that are behind Spiked.
The network around AgBioWorld also contains people with similar attitudes on environmental issues. These include <a href="http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14330" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Henry Miller</a>, who co-wrote the article accusing Seralini of fraud, and AgBioWorld's co-founder <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Gregory_Conko" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Greg Conko</a> of the Exxon-funded<a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>, which <a href="http://gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14330" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">specializes in</a> denialist "straight talk on global warming."
Given this, it is ironic that AgBioWorld's Seralini petition was set up in the name of "the scientific community." Similarly, <a href="http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/features/online/6048/gm-corn-and-cancer-s%C3%A9ralini-affair?page=0%2C2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Maurice Moloney says in his letter </a>to Food and Chemical Toxicology that he thinks he can speak "for the vast majority of the biological sciences community." But as we have seen, Moloney and many of the other letter writers link to a narrow and heavily commercialised sector of the biological sciences, albeit one with powerful backers. And some in this community have links to extremist lobby groups more concerned with ideology than evidence.
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Peeling the GM onion</strong>
Identifying the real forces behind the front-men and carefully selected experts of "the scientific community" can be like peeling back the layers of an onion. Take Anthony Trewavas, the scientist who first helped get the cancer-prone rat claim into circulation. In 2001 Prof. Trewavas was named in the High Court in London as the source of a letter published in a Scottish newspaper that made libelous claims against GM critics (<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2001/oct/08/research.highereducation" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Greenpeace wins damages over professor's "unfounded" allegations</a>). Trewavas subsequently denied being the author of the libel letter published under his name, though he did admit circulating the material, which he said he had got from AgBioWorld. He said it had been written by a "lady in London" but "she" later turned out to be<a href="http://artsci.wustl.edu/anthro/bnc/readings/Monbiot%20The%20fake%20persuaders.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> a front for the same Monsanto PR people</a> who <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">covertly directed the campaign</a> that resulted in Nature's apparent retraction of Chapela's GM maize paper.
Trewavas, a long-time associate of Prakash and AgBioWorld, also <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14211" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">played a notable role</a> in that campaign. In that case, Trewavas <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/latest-listing/51-2012/14211" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">encouraged people to demand</a> Chapela be fired by the University of California, Berkeley, unless he handed over his maize samples for checking: "We should be asking Berkeley to request Chapela to release his samples so that they at least can be checked... Refusal to do so should then be used to request Berkeley to relinquish Chapella's [sic] position." Such calls to arms against Chapela were mostly posted on the AgBioWorld listserv. This use of the listserv eventually enabled Monsanto's <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">covert orchestration</a> of the campaign to be exposed.
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The attack dog in the night-time</strong>
Interestingly, as the attacks on Prof. Seralini and his paper spread across both mainstream and social media, AgBioWorld's listserv went missing. In the two months following the publication of Seralini's paper, <a href="http://www.agbioworld.org/newsletter_wm/index.php?caseid=archive" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">not a single bulletin went out on the listserv</a> that <a href="http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Immoral_Maize:Extract_from_Don't_Worry,It's_Safe_to_Eat_by_Andrew_Rowell" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">played such a pivotal role</a> in achieving retraction of the Mexican maize paper.
AgBioWorld's sudden silence calls to mind a famous exchange in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes:
Detective: "Is there any other point to which you would wish to draw my attention?"
Holmes: "To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time."
Detective: "The dog did nothing in the night-time."
Holmes: "That was the curious incident."
With Seralini, it's the curious silence of Monsanto's attack dog that suggests that this time the covert PR war is being conducted by other means.
If the silence of AgBioWorld's listserv is suggestive, so too is the attempt to silence<a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">GMWatch</a>. Within days of the publication of the Seralini paper, our website came under major DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks. The contours of the attacks followed the peaks of the controversy, with the two biggest and most debilitating attacks coinciding with days on which the major rebuttals of Seralini's paper were published. <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The GMWatch website</a> had by then become a clearing house for rapid responses in English to the attacks on Seralini. We have no proof as to who was behind the attacks – that's hard to establish with DDOS. But oddly enough, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2002/may/29/research.highereducation" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">an article in the Guardian</a> about the retraction campaign against Quist and Chapela noted, "Just before the [Mexican maize] paper in Nature was publicly challenged, the server hosting the accounts used by its authors was disabled by a particularly effective attack which crippled their capacity to fight back."
More than a decade later history seems to be repeating itself in the covert war over GM crops.
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Jonathan Matthews is the founder and director of <a href="http://www.gmwatch.org/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">GMWatch</a> and has written numerous articles on <a href="http://www.spinwatch.org/-articles-by-category-mainmenu-8/46-gm-industry/157-genetically-modified-language-professor-bullsht-unspun" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the politics and spin</a> around GM crops. He's a contributing author to </em><a href="http://www.spinwatch.org/test/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5161:thinker-faker-spinner-spy&catid=314:books&Itemid=120" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Thinker, Faker, Spinner, Spy: Corporate PR and the Assault on Democracy</a><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">,</em></span><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> eds Dinan and Miller (Pluto Press). Additional research: Claire Robinson, co-editor, GMWatch.</em></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">
</em>*<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Spinwatch plans to publish a separate piece looking at some of the study's European critics, including science academies and the European Food Safety Authority.</strong></font></p></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair</font></a></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The <b>Séralini affair</b> began in September 2012, and involved the publication of an experiment conducted by a group led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles-%C3%89ric_S%C3%A9ralini" title="Gilles-Éric Séralini" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Gilles-Éric Séralini</a>. The experiments involved feeding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Monsanto</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphosate" title="Glyphosate" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">RoundUp</a>-resistant NK603<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize" title="Maize" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">maize</a> (called corn in North America) and the herbicide RoundUp to rats, over the rats' two-year lifespan.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2012_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2012-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Séralini had required that journalists, in order to receive a copy of the paper prior to the press conference, sign a confidentiality agreement that prohibited them from contacting other researchers for comment before the press conference. During the press conference, Séralini also announced that he was releasing a book and a documentary film on the research. The press conference received extensive coverage in the media. In the paper and in the press conference, Séralini claimed that the results showed that Roundup-resistant maize and RoundUp are toxic.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The conclusions that Séralini drew from the experiments were widely criticized, as was the design of the experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-Arjo_2-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Arjo-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kuntz_3-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Kuntz-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup> Scientists claimed that Séralini's conclusions were impossible to justify given the experimental design – the small sample size together with the length of the study together with the known high incidence of tumors in the species of rats used, namely <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprague-Dawley_rat" title="Sprague-Dawley rat" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Sprague-Dawley rats</a>. The paper was also refuted by food standards agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricroch_4-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Ricroch-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></sup> Other long term studies, which were publicly funded, have uncovered no health issues.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuntz_3-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Kuntz-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ricroch_4-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Ricroch-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></sup> The release of the book and movie in conjunction with the scientific paper, and the requirement that journalists sign a confidentiality agreement, were also criticized and negatively peer reviewed.<sup id="cite_ref-Arjo_2-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Arjo-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In November 2013, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Chemical_Toxicology" title="Food and Chemical Toxicology" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</a></i>, the journal that published the 2012 paper, announced that it was retracting the paper, after the authors refused to withdraw it.<sup id="cite_ref-Elsevier2013_5-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Elsevier2013-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup> The article was republished in June 2014 in the journal <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Sciences_Europe" title="Environmental Sciences Europe" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Environmental Sciences Europe</a></i>, without further peer-review.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h2> <span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Background" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></font></a><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Previous_S.C3.A9ralini_papers_and_reactions_to_them" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Previous Séralini papers and reactions to them</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#2012_study_and_release" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">2012 study and release</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Scientific_evaluation" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Scientific evaluation</span></font></a><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Responses" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Responses</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Reaction_by_public_and_government_officials" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Reaction by public and government officials</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Reaction_in_the_media" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Reaction in the media</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Criticism_of_the_way_the_study_was_publicized" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Criticism of the way the study was publicized</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Retraction_and_response" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Retraction and response</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#Republication" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Republication</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></font></a></li></ul></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: Background" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Gilles-Eric Séralini is a professor of molecular biology at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Caen" title="University of Caen" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Caen</a> in France, and is founder and president of the scientific advisory board of the Committee of Research and Independent Information on Genetic Engineering (CRIIGEN), which is known for being opposed to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" title="Genetically modified food" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">genetically modified food</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SeraliniBio_6-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-SeraliniBio-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Carman2012_7-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Carman2012-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reuters2012_8-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Reuters2012-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a></sup> Séralini founded CRIIGEN because he judged that studies on the safety of GMOs are inadequate, and questioned their scientific evaluation.<sup id="cite_ref-SeraliniBio_6-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-SeraliniBio-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2004, Monsanto sought approval in Europe to introduce a rootworm resistant (MON863) maize, which led to controversy over acceptance by regulatory bodies of industry-funded toxicity studies and over the design of those studies. Séralini, who was on the committee that reviewed MON863 for the French government,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a></sup> was a major figure in those controversies and continues to be a critic of toxicity study design.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2011_10-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2011-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2004, the GMO Panel of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">European Food Safety Authority</a> recommended the authorisation of MON863.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA2004-MON863_11-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-EFSA2004-MON863-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup> Its report described the data that Monsanto provided, and referenced changes in some blood cell parameters and in kidney weights of rats that were tested.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA2004-MON863_11-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-EFSA2004-MON863-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup> Because of concerns in general but specifically referencing these changes, Greenpeace sued for release of the rat feeding studies that Monsanto had provided. Monsanto fought against the suit in order to protect its trade secrets.<sup id="cite_ref-NoSecrets_12-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-NoSecrets-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup> In June 2005 a German court ordered the release of the original study.<sup id="cite_ref-NoSecrets_12-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-NoSecrets-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup> With the full study in hand, critics of GM foods, including Séralini, pointed to differences in kidney size and blood composition found in this study, suggesting that the observed differences, as well as the design of the studies, raised questions about the regulatory concept of substantial equivalence.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Previous_S.C3.A9ralini_papers_and_reactions_to_them">Previous Séralini papers and reactions to them</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=2" title="Edit section: Previous Séralini papers and reactions to them" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Prior to 2012, Séralini had published other peer-reviewed papers which concluded that there were health risks to genetically modified foods. However, some members of the scientific community and food safety authorities had questioned whether Séralini's data were sufficient to support his conclusions.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2007, Séralini and two other authors from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Caen_Lower_Normandy" title="University of Caen Lower Normandy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Caen</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Rouen" title="University of Rouen" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Rouen</a> published a study of these data, funded by Greenpeace.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2007_15-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2007-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Z_Magazine_Ananda_2010_17-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Z_Magazine_Ananda_2010-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[17]</a></sup> The study concluded that MON 863 caused numerous health problems in rats, including weight changes, triglyceride level increases in females, changes in urine composition in males, and reduced function or organ damage in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver" title="Liver" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">liver</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">kidney</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_glands" title="Adrenal glands" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">adrenal glands</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart" title="Heart" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">heart</a>, and<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis" title="Haematopoiesis" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">haematopoietic</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2007_15-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2007-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a></sup> The study concluded that evaluating MON 863 safety required experiments longer than 90 days, as chronic organ problems are rarely evident within such a short amount of time.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2007_15-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2007-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a></sup>Greenpeace cited the study in a press release, in which it said that MON 863 should be completely recalled from the global market and called for a strict review of current testing methods.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenpeace_March_2007_18-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Greenpeace_March_2007-18" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[18]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The paper prompted the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">European Food Safety Authority</a> (EFSA) to reexamine the MON 863 safety data. This included asking EU countries for any new data about the strain and new opinions on the original Monsanto toxicity study, and a technical meeting with the authors of the 2007 CRIIGEN paper. The EFSA concluded that all blood chemistry and organ weight values fell within the normal range of values for control animals<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA2007_review_of_Seralini_2007_19-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-EFSA2007_review_of_Seralini_2007-19" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[19]</a></sup> and that the paper used incorrect statistical methods.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA2007_Statistical_Review_of_Seralini2007_20-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-EFSA2007_Statistical_Review_of_Seralini2007-20" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[20]</a></sup> These conclusions were reported by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markos_Kyprianou" title="Markos Kyprianou" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Markos Kyprianou</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Health_and_Consumer_Policy" title="European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy</a>) to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">European Parliament</a> on 9 July 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-LeFigaro_21-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-LeFigaro-21" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[21]</a></sup> The French Commission du Génie Biomoléculaire (AFBV) also reached critical conclusions.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[22]</a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand" title="Food Standards Australia New Zealand" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Food Standards Australia New Zealand</a> also reviewed the 2007 Séralini study and concluded that "...all of the statistical differences between rats fed MON 863 corn and control rats are attributable to normal biological variation."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[24]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2009, the Séralini lab published another study, which re-analyzed the toxicity data for NK603 (glyphosate resistant), MON 810, and MON 863 strains.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2009_25-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2009-25" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[25]</a></sup> The data included three rat feeding studies published by Monsanto scientists on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MON_810" title="MON 810" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">MON 810</a> (Bt corn).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15110110_26-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-pmid15110110-26" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16084637_27-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-pmid16084637-27" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16487643_28-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-pmid16487643-28" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[28]</a></sup> This study concluded that the three crops caused liver, kidney, and heart damage in the rats.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2009_25-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2009-25" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[25]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">EFSA</a> reviewed the 2009 Séralini paper and concluded that the authors' claims were not supported by the data in their paper, that many of their fundamental statistical criticisms of the 2007 paper also applied to the 2009 paper, and that there was no new information that would change the EFSA's conclusions that the three GM maize types were safe for human and animal health, and for the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[29]</a></sup> The French High Council of Biotechnologies Scientific Committee<sup id="cite_ref-hcb_30-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-hcb-30" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[30]</a></sup> (HCB) also reviewed the Séralini 2009 study and concluded that it "..presents no admissible scientific element likely to ascribe any haematological, hepatic or renal toxicity to the three re-analysed GMOs."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[31]</a></sup> The HCB also questioned the authors' independence, noting that, in 2010, the Séralini web page still showed a 2008 Austrian anti-GM article which had been previously withdrawn by the authors themselves as flawed. Food Standards Australia New Zealand concluded that the results from the 2009 Séralini study were due to chance alone.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[32]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2010, Séralini sued <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Paris_VII-Diderot" class="extiw" title="fr:Université Paris VII - Diderot" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Paris VII</a> <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Fellous" class="extiw" title="fr:Marc Fellous" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Professor Marc Fellous</a>, president of the <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_fran%C3%A7aise_des_biotechnologies_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tales" class="extiw" title="fr:Association française des biotechnologies végétales" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">French Association of Plant Biotechnology</a>, and the Association, for libel, on the grounds that they had unjustly criticized his scientific ability, and on the grounds that they had criticized the science as invalid because it was funded by Greenpeace. The judge ruled that because Séralini was able to show that Fellous and other critics had financial ties to the agricultural biotechnology industry, their charge about the Greenpeace funding was defamatory; the judge refused to rule on the scientific grounds. Fellous was fined 1000 euros and Séralini was awarded a symbolic 1 euro in damages, and court costs.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[33]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">A 2011 review by the Séralini lab, which used 19 published animal feeding studies, as well as data from several animal feeding studies submitted for regulatory approval, continued to find that GM food had liver and kidney effects that were sex and dose dependent, and advocated for longer and more elaborate toxicology tests for regulatory approval.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2011_10-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2011-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="2012_study_and_release">2012 study and release</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: 2012 study and release" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">On 19 September 2012, Séralini and his colleagues published a paper titled "Long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize" in the journal <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Chemical_Toxicology" title="Food and Chemical Toxicology" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</a></i>. The published research, which cost €3.2 million to perform,<sup id="cite_ref-GuardianSeralini_34-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-GuardianSeralini-34" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[34]</a></sup> was funded and run with CRIIGEN, and comprised a two-year study of the effect of Monsanto's genetically modified maize NK603, engineered to be resistant to the herbicide <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundup(herbicide)" title="Roundup (herbicide)" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">RoundUp</a>, on rats.<sup id="cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The abstract indicates: "The health effects of a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize (from 11% in the diet), cultivated with or without Roundup, and Roundup alone (from 0.1 ppb in water), were studied 2 years in rats. In females, all treated groups died 2–3 times more than controls, and more rapidly. This difference was visible in 3 male groups fed GMOs. All results were hormone and sex dependent, and the pathological profiles were comparable." The study used 200 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprague-Dawley" title="Sprague-Dawley" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Sprague-Dawley rats</a>, 100 male and 100 female, and divided them into twenty groups with 10 rats each; ten experimental conditions were tested on male rats and separately on female rats for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2012_1-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2012-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini held a press conference on the day the study was released that also included an announcement of the release of a book and film about the study; selected journalists were given access to the paper prior to the press conference, and each writer was required to sign a confidentiality agreement that prevented them from discussing the paper with other scientists before the embargo expired. The agreement included a penalty for non-compliance: “A refund of the cost of the study of several million euros would be considered damages if the premature disclosure questioned the release of the study.”<sup id="cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup> In contrast, embargo guidelines by journals such as Nature do allow journalists to disclose the contents of upcoming papers to other scientists in order to comment.<sup id="cite_ref-naturepre_36-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-naturepre-36" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[36]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Scientific_evaluation">Scientific evaluation</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=4" title="Edit section: Scientific evaluation" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The study has been criticized by various regulatory authorities and scientists.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Many claimed that Séralini's conclusions were impossible to justify given the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_power" title="Statistical power" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">statistical power</a> of the study. Sprague-Dawley rats have a lifespan of about two years and have a high tendency to get cancer over their lifespan (one study found that over eighty percent of males and over seventy percent of females got cancer under normal conditions).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-37" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huntingdon_sprague_dawley_data_38-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-huntingdon_sprague_dawley_data-38" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harlan_sprague_dawley_data_39-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-harlan_sprague_dawley_data-39" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[39]</a></sup> The Séralini experiment lasted the normal lifespan of these rats, and the longer the experiment goes, the more statistical "noise" there is – the more rats get cancer naturally, regardless of what you do to them. So for the experiment to have adequate statistical power, all the groups – control groups and test groups – would have to include at least 65 rats per group in order to sort out any experimentally caused cancers from cancers that would occur anyway – but the Séralini study had only ten per group.<sup id="cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup> OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines recommend 20 rats for chemical-toxicity studies, and 50 rats for carcinogenicity studies.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA_40-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-EFSA-40" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[40]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;">:5–6</sup> In addition, if the survival of the rats is less than 50% at 104 weeks (which is likely given the Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study) the recommended number of rats is 65.<sup id="cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huntingdon_sprague_dawley_data_38-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-huntingdon_sprague_dawley_data-38" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harlan_sprague_dawley_data_39-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-harlan_sprague_dawley_data-39" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[39]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">King's College London</a> Professor Tom Sanders<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[41]</a></sup> wrote that since Sprague-Dawley rats are susceptible to mammary tumors when food intake is not restricted, data should have been provided about how much food the rats were fed (as well as the presence of fungus in the feed, another confounder). Sanders also wrote of this study, "The statistical methods are unconventional ... and it would appear the authors have gone on a statistical fishing trip."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[42]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The Washington Post quoted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Nestle" title="Marion Nestle" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Marion Nestle</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulette_Goddard" title="Paulette Goddard" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Paulette Goddard</a> professor in the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">New York University</a> and food safety advocate: "'[I] can’t figure it out yet....It’s weirdly complicated and unclear on key issues: what the controls were fed, relative rates of tumors, why no dose relationship, what the mechanism might be. I can’t think of a biological reason why GMO corn should do this.....So even though I strongly support labeling, I’m skeptical of this study.'"<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-43" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[43]</a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Calgary</a> Professor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Moloney" title="Maurice Moloney" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Maurice Moloney</a>, among others, went on record wondering why there were so many pictures in the study, and in sympathetic news reports about it, of treated rats with horrific tumors, but no pictures of the rats in the control group.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[44]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Many national food safety and regulatory agencies reviewed the paper and condemned it. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment VP Reiner Wittkowski said in a statement, ""The study shows both shortcomings in study design and in the presentation of the collected data. This means that the conclusions drawn by the authors are not supported by the available data."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-45" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[45]</a></sup> A joint report by three Canadian regulatory agencies also "identified significant shortcomings in the study design, implementation and reporting."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[46]</a></sup> Similar conclusions were reached by the French HCB<sup id="cite_ref-hcb_30-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-hcb-30" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[30]</a></sup> and the National Agency for Food Safety,<sup id="cite_ref-2012AFP_47-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-2012AFP-47" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[47]</a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaams_Instituut_voor_Biotechnologie" title="Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-48" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[48]</a></sup> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark" title="Technical University of Denmark" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Technical University of Denmark</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-49" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[49]</a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Standards_Australia_New_Zealand" title="Food Standards Australia New Zealand" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Food Standards Australia New Zealand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-50" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[50]</a></sup> the Brazilian National Technical Commission on Biosafety,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-51" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[51]</a></sup> and the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Food_Safety_Authority" title="European Food Safety Authority" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">European Food Safety Authority</a> (EFSA).<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA_40-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-EFSA-40" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[40]</a></sup> The conclusions of the EFSA evaluation were:</font></p><blockquote style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The study as reported by Séralini <i>et al.</i> was found to be inadequately designed, analysed and reported...The study as described by Séralini et al. does not allow giving weight to their results and conclusions as published. Conclusions cannot be drawn on the difference in tumour incidence between treatment groups on the basis of the design, the analysis and the results as reported. Taking into consideration Member States’ assessments and the authors’ answer to critics, EFSA finds that the study as reported by Séralini et al. is of insufficient scientific quality for safety assessments.<sup id="cite_ref-EFSA_40-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-EFSA-40" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[40]</a></sup></font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federation_of_Biotechnology" title="European Federation of Biotechnology" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">European Federation of Biotechnology</a> lobby, which counts Monsanto and other GM firms among its members,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-52" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[52]</a></sup> called for the paper to be retracted, calling its publication a "dangerous failure of the peer-review system."<sup id="cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup> Six French national academies (of Agriculture, Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, Technology and Veterinarians<sup id="cite_ref-avis_53-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-avis-53" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[53]</a></sup>) issued a joint statement – "an extremely rare event in French science"<sup id="cite_ref-SFPonAcademies_54-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-SFPonAcademies-54" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[54]</a></sup> – condemning the study and the journal that published it.<sup id="cite_ref-avis_53-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-avis-53" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[53]</a></sup> The joint statement dismissed the study as 'a scientific non-event'.<sup id="cite_ref-SFPonAcademies_54-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-SFPonAcademies-54" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[54]</a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Chemical_Toxicology" title="Food and Chemical Toxicology" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</a> journal, an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Elsevier</a> imprint, has a full <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">peer review</a> process, and at least three scientists were needed to endorse the Seralini article prior to publication. The journal in question published a statement in their November 2012 issue,<sup id="cite_ref-Seralini2012_1-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Seralini2012-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup> that "the Editors have encouraged those people with concerns to write formally to the Editor-in-Chief, so that their views can be publicly aired."</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In March 2013, the same journal that published the Seralini study, published a letter<sup id="cite_ref-Barale-Thomas_55-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Barale-Thomas-55" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[55]</a></sup> from Erio Barale-Thomas,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-56" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[56]</a></sup> Principal Scientist of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%26_Johnson_Pharmaceutical_Research_and_Development" title="Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development</a> and the President of the Conseil d’Administration of The Société Française de Pathologie Toxicologique (SFPT, French Society of Toxicologic Pathology<sup id="cite_ref-sfpt_57-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-sfpt-57" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[57]</a></sup>). SFPT is "a non governmental/non profit organization formed by veterinarians, physicians, pharmacists and biologists specialized in veterinary and toxicologic pathology. Its aim is to promote knowledge in pathology, toxicology and laboratory animal sciences for safety studies of drugs, chemicals and food products, and the role of the pathologist in the study design and data interpretation."<sup id="cite_ref-Barale-Thomas_55-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Barale-Thomas-55" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[55]</a></sup> The letter criticized the Seralini study on several fronts, and concluded: "However, given this study presents serious deficiencies in the protocol, the procedures and the interpretation of the results, the SFPT cannot support any of the scientific claims drawn by the authors, and any relevance for human risk assessment. This letter presents the consensus scientific opinion of the Conseil d’Administration of the SFPT."<sup id="cite_ref-Barale-Thomas_55-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Barale-Thomas-55" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[55]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">As a result of the publication of the Séralini paper, the Belgian Federal Minister of Public Health asked the Belgian Biosafety Advisory Council (BBAC) to evaluate the paper. The BBAC was asked to "inform the Minister whether this paper (i) contains new scientific information with regard to risks for human health of GM maize NK603 and (ii) whether this information triggers a revision of the current authorisation for commercialisation for food and feed use of this GM maize in the European Union (EU)."<sup id="cite_ref-Belgium_58-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Belgium-58" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[58]</a></sup> Responding to the two point mandate, the BBAC committee, whose members are drawn from the Belgian biotech Professoriat,<sup id="cite_ref-Belgium_58-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Belgium-58" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[58]</a></sup> pointed out that "the long duration of this study is a positive aspect since most of the toxicity studies on GMOs are performed on shorter periods," and concluded that:</font></p><blockquote style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">"Given the shortcomings identified by the experts regarding the experimental design, the statistical analysis, the interpretation of the results, the redaction of the article and the presentation of the results, the Biosafety Advisory Council concludes that this study does not contain new scientifically relevant elements that may lead to reconsider immediately the current authorisation for food and feed use of GM maize NK603. Considering the issues raised by the study (i.e. long term assessment), the Biosafety Advisory Council proposes EFSA urgently to study in depth the relevance of the actual guidelines and procedures. It can find inspiration in the GRACE project<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-59" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[59]</a></sup> to find useful information and new concerted ideas."<sup id="cite_ref-Belgium_58-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Belgium-58" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[58]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;">:9</sup></font></p></blockquote><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Responses">Responses</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=5" title="Edit section: Responses" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Séralini and supporters have defended the study design, the interpretation of the results, and manner and content of the publication.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-60" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[60]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-61" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[61]</a></sup> They maintain a website about their views.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-62" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[62]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Support for the study came from ENSSER (European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility), of which CRIIGEN, the institute that Seralini founded and that funded the study, is a member.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-63" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-64" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[64]</a></sup> A study funded by and conducted in consultation with ENSSER also found that EFSA applied double standards.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-65" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[65]</a></sup> An open letter in support of Seralini's article, signed by about 130 scientists, scholars, and activists, was published in Independent Science News, a project of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioscience_Resource_Project" title="Bioscience Resource Project" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bioscience Resource Project</a>, both of which oppose GM crops.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-66" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[66]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The German research group Testbiotech, which opposes GMOs and which believes that regulators have been captured by the biotech industry, posted a report critical of the EFSA's reaction to the study as not applying the same standards to studies submitted by industry as it did to Seralini's study.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-67" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[67]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-68" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[68]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">A statement opposing the controversy, and especially the attacks on Seralini, was published in the newspaper <i>Le Monde</i> and was signed by 140 French scientists; the letter said: "We are deeply shocked by the image of our community that this controversy gives citizens. Many of the threats to our planet have been revealed by scientists isolated and confirmed by many studies coming from the scientific community. In this case, it would be more efficient to implement research on the health and environmental risks of GMOs and pesticides, improve toxicological protocols used for placing on the market and finance a variety of researchers in this domain...."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-69" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[69]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Reaction_by_public_and_government_officials">Reaction by public and government officials</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=6" title="Edit section: Reaction by public and government officials" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">At the time of the initial release, French Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault said that, if the results are confirmed, the government would press for a Europe-wide ban on the maize and The European Commission instructed the independent European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) in Parma, Italy, to assess the study.<sup id="cite_ref-Furor_70-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Furor-70" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[70]</a></sup> In late September 2012, the government of Russia temporarily suspended importing genetically-modified corn as a result of the study<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-71" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[71]</a></sup> and in November 2012, the government of Kenya banned all GM crops.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-72" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[72]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Reaction_in_the_media">Reaction in the media</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=7" title="Edit section: Reaction in the media" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The press conference led to wide coverage in the media, which "energized opponents of GM food, especially in Europe".<sup id="cite_ref-Furor_70-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Furor-70" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[70]</a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Nouvel_Observateur" title="Le Nouvel Observateur" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Le Nouvel Observateur</a></i> covered the press conference in a story called, "Yes, GMOs are poisons!".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-73" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[73]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">As <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Entine" title="Jon Entine" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jon Entine</a> put it at <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Forbes</a></i>, "Seralini's research is anomalous. Previous peer-reviewed rat feeding studies using the same products (NK603 and Roundup) have not found any negative food safety impacts. The Japanese Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology released a 52-week feeding study of GM soybeans in 2007, finding "no apparent adverse effect in rats." In 2012, a team of scientists at the University of Nottingham School of Biosciences released a review of 12 long-term studies (up to two years) and 12 multi-generational studies (up to 5 generations) of GM foods, concluding there is no evidence of health hazards."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-74" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[74]</a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Revkin" title="Andrew Revkin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Andrew Revkin</a> dubbed it another instance of "single-study syndrome", and contended that the study was in support of an "agenda".<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-75" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[75]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I.Miller" title="Henry I. Miller" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Henry I. Miller</a>, writing for Forbes, said of the study that "the investigators have refused to release all the data from the experiment, which constitutes scientific misconduct."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-76" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[76]</a></sup> Séralini responded by saying, "...that he won't make any data available to the EFSA and the BfR until the EFSA makes public all the data under-pinning its 2003 approval of NK603 maize for human consumption and animal feed."<sup id="cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><i>The Guardian'</i>s Environmental Blog stated that the study linking GM maize to cancer "must be taken seriously by regulators" and that although it "attracted a torrent of abuse", "it cannot be swept under the carpet". They also noted CRIIGEN's funding of the research and reported Séralini's response: namely, that studies in support of GM food are usually funded by "corporates or by pro-biotech institutions".<sup id="cite_ref-GuardianSeralini_34-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-GuardianSeralini-34" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[34]</a></sup> Proponents of California's GM labeling referendum, Proposition 37, hailed the study.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-77" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[77]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Criticism_of_the_way_the_study_was_publicized">Criticism of the way the study was publicized</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=8" title="Edit section: Criticism of the way the study was publicized" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The method by which the Séralini team publicized their 2012 paper was widely criticized. The original Agence France-Presse story noted: "Breaking with a long tradition in scientific journalism, the authors allowed a selected group of reporters to have access to the paper, provided they signed confidentiality agreements that prevented them from consulting other experts about the research before publication."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-78" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[78]</a></sup> The confidentiality agreement contained a severe penalty for breaching the agreement: "A refund of the cost of the study of several million euros would be considered damages if the premature disclosure questioned the release of the study."<sup id="cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup> An editorial at the prestigious scientific journal, <i>Nature</i>, noted: "With such strong claims and the predictably large effect they will have on public opinion, researchers should take care how they present their findings to the public and the media. They should spell out their results clearly; emphasize the limitations and caveats; and make it clear that the data still need to be assessed, and replicated, by the scientific community. That didn't happen. The paper was promoted in a public-relations offensive, with a related book and film set for release this week. Furthermore, journalists wishing to report the research had to sign confidentiality agreements that prevented them from contacting other scientists for comment on the paper until after the embargo had expired. Some, to their credit, refused, or accepted and then revisited the story critically once their hands were no longer tied by these outrageous restrictions. The result was the exclusion of critical comment in many of the breaking stories — the ones that most people will remember."<sup id="cite_ref-NatureOnSeralini2012_79-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-NatureOnSeralini2012-79" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[79]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-80" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[80]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-81" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[81]</a></sup> National Public Radio's program, <i>On the Media</i>, discussed the way the paper was released to the media on 28 September 2012, with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Zimmer" title="Carl Zimmer" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Carl Zimmer</a>, a science journalist, who was especially critical of science journalists who allowed themselves to be manipulated, as well as criticizing the Séralini lab.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-82" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[82]</a></sup> Zimmer had earlier posted on his blog at <i>Discover</i> magazine, "This is a rancid, corrupt way to report about science."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-83" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[83]</a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos_Magazine" title="Cosmos Magazine" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Cosmos Magazine</a>'</i>s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Finkel" title="Elizabeth Finkel" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Elizabeth Finkel</a>, wrote, "...a clause barring the gathering of independent opinions is extraordinary. What it meant was that Séralini’s story, when it broke, got to prance unfettered in the media limelight before second opinions could dull its shine. By the time the storm of criticism blew in, the media limelight had moved on."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-84" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[84]</a></sup> The ethics committee of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) also criticized the public-relations offensive as "inappropriate for a high-quality and objective scientific debate, and reminded researchers working on controversial topics of the need to report results responsibly to the public."<sup id="cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[35]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Retraction_and_response">Retraction and response</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=9" title="Edit section: Retraction and response" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In November 2013, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Elsevier</a>, the publishing company for <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, the journal that published the 2012 paper, announced that the journal was retracting the paper, after the authors refused to withdraw it.<sup id="cite_ref-Elsevier2013_5-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Elsevier2013-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Casassus_85-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Casassus-85" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[85]</a></sup> The editors of the journal concluded that, after an in-depth look at the raw data of the study, no definitive conclusions can be reached regarding the role of either NK603 or glyphosate in overall mortality or tumor rates, given the known high incidence of tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats and the small sample size. Normal variance could not be excluded as the cause of the results.<sup id="cite_ref-Elsevier2013_5-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Elsevier2013-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-86" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[86]</a></sup> Séralini and his supporters strongly objected to the retraction,<sup id="cite_ref-Casassus_85-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Casassus-85" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[85]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-87" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[87]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-88" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[88]</a></sup> and Séralini himself threatened to sue <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-89" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[89]</a></sup> In January 2014, an online petition calling for the Séralini study be reinstated was posted by a group of Séralini's supporters from the Bioscience Resource Project.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-90" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[90]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Republication">Republication</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=10" title="Edit section: Republication" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In June 2014, the original study that had first been published two years earlier was republished in the journal <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Sciences_Europe" title="Environmental Sciences Europe" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Environmental Sciences Europe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-91" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[91]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Casassus2_92-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Casassus2-92" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[92]</a></sup> The editor of <i>Environmental Science Europe</i> said that the paper was republished without further peer review, "because this had already been conducted by <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, and had concluded there had been no fraud nor misrepresentation".<sup id="cite_ref-Casassus2_92-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-Casassus2-92" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[92]</a></sup> Like the original study in <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, this new study faced considerable criticism from some scientists, some of whom had also criticized the study when it had been published in 2012. For instance, ecologist Joe Perry noted that the <i>Environmental Sciences Europe</i> study "appears to be based on the same data as Séralini’s previous 2012 paper, with no real new information and only minor rephrasing and a few new references. Therefore, I doubt whether my conclusions would differ from those of the vast majority of independent members of the scientific community, who concluded in 2012 that there was insufficient evidence to justify the claims."<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_note-93" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[93]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px;">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ralini_affair&action=edit§ion=11" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-Seralini2012-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2012_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2012_1-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2012_1-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Séralini, Gilles-Eric; Clair, Emilie; Mesnage, Robin; Gress, Steeve; Defarge, Nicolas; Malatesta, Manuela; Hennequin, Didier; De Vendômois, Joël Spiroux (2012). "Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize". <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i> <b>50</b> (11): 4221–31.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2012.08.005" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22999595" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">22999595</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Long+term+toxicity+of+a+Roundup+herbicide+and+a+Roundup-tolerant+genetically+modified+maize&rft.au=Clair%2C+Emilie&rft.au=Defarge%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=De+Vend%C3%B4mois%2C+Jo%C3%ABl+Spiroux&rft.aufirst=Gilles-Eric&rft.au=Gress%2C+Steeve&rft.au=Hennequin%2C+Didier&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9ralini&rft.au=Malatesta%2C+Manuela&rft.au=Mesnage%2C+Robin&rft.au=S%C3%A9ralini%2C+Gilles-Eric&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fct.2012.08.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22999595&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.pages=4221-31&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=50" class="Z3988"> <span class="" style="font-weight: bold;">(Retracted)</span></span></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Arjo-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Arjo_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Arjo_2-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Arjó, Gemma; Portero, Manuel; Piñol, Carme et al. (2013). "Plurality of opinion, scientific discourse and pseudoscience: An in depth analysis of the Séralini et al. Study claiming that Roundup™ Ready corn or the herbicide Roundup™ cause cancer in rats". <i>Transgenic Research</i> <b>22</b> (2): 255–67. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11248-013-9692-9" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1007/s11248-013-9692-9</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23430588" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">23430588</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Plurality+of+opinion%2C+scientific+discourse+and+pseudoscience%3A+An+in+depth+analysis+of+the+S%C3%A9ralini+et+al.+Study+claiming+that+Roundup%E2%84%A2+Ready+corn+or+the+herbicide+Roundup%E2%84%A2+cause+cancer+in+rats&rft.au=Arj%C3%B3%2C+Gemma&rft.au=Bartholomaeus%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Capell%2C+Teresa&rft.au=Christou%2C+Paul&rft.aufirst=Gemma&rft.aulast=Arj%C3%B3&rft.au=Matias-Guiu%2C+Xavier&rft.au=Parrott%2C+Wayne&rft.au=Pi%C3%B1ol%2C+Carme&rft.au=Portero%2C+Manuel&rft.au=Vi%C3%B1as%2C+Juan&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11248-013-9692-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23430588&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Transgenic+Research&rft.pages=255-67&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=22" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Kuntz-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Kuntz_3-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Kuntz_3-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Kuntz, Marcel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566841" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Why the postmodern attitude towards science should be denounced"</a>. <i>EMBO Reports</i> <b>14</b> (2): 114–6. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fembor.2012.214" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1038/embor.2012.214</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3566841" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">3566841</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306654" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">23306654</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Why+the+postmodern+attitude+towards+science+should+be+denounced&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft.au=Kuntz%2C+Marcel&rft.aulast=Kuntz&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3566841&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fembor.2012.214&rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F3566841&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23306654&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Reports&rft.pages=114-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=14" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Ricroch-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Ricroch_4-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Ricroch_4-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Ricroch, Agnès E. (2013). "Assessment of GE food safety using '-omics' techniques and long-term animal feeding studies". <i>New Biotechnology</i> <b>30</b> (4): 349–54. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nbt.2012.12.001" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1016/j.nbt.2012.12.001</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253614" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">23253614</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+GE+food+safety+using+%27-omics%27+techniques+and+long-term+animal+feeding+studies&rft.aufirst=Agn%C3%A8s+E.&rft.aulast=Ricroch&rft.au=Ricroch%2C+Agn%C3%A8s+E.&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nbt.2012.12.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23253614&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=New+Biotechnology&rft.pages=349-54&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=30" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Elsevier2013-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Elsevier2013_5-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Elsevier2013_5-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Elsevier2013_5-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/research-and-journals/elsevier-announces-article-retraction-from-journal-food-and-chemical-toxicology" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Elsevier Announces Article Retraction from Journal Food and Chemical Toxicology"</a>. Elsevier<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2013-11-29</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=Elsevier+Announces+Article+Retraction+from+Journal+Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.com%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fresearch-and-journals%2Felsevier-announces-article-retraction-from-journal-food-and-chemical-toxicology&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-SeraliniBio-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-SeraliniBio_6-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-SeraliniBio_6-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"HH", CRIIGEN, 12 November 12, 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criigen.org/SiteEn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=57&Itemid=105" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Profile, Pr Gilles Eric Séralini – President of the Scientific Board – Molecular Biology Professor</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Carman2012-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Carman2012_7-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Carman, Tim (September 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/all-we-can-eat/post/french-scientists-question-safety-of-gm-corn/2012/09/19/d2ed52e4-027c-11e2-8102-ebee9c66e190_blog.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"French scientists question safety of GM corn"</a>. Washington Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved May 20, 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.au=Carman%2C+Tim&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.aulast=Carman&rft.btitle=French+scientists+question+safety+of+GM+corn&rft.date=September+19%2C+2012&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fall-we-can-eat%2Fpost%2Ffrench-scientists-question-safety-of-gm-corn%2F2012%2F09%2F19%2Fd2ed52e4-027c-11e2-8102-ebee9c66e190_blog.html&rft.pub=Washington+Post&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Reuters2012-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Reuters2012_8-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trust.org/item/?map=french-study-finds-tumours-in-rats-fed-gm-corn" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"French study finds tumours in rats fed GM corn"</a>. Reuters. September 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved May 20, 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=French+study+finds+tumours+in+rats+fed+GM+corn&rft.date=September+19%2C+2012&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trust.org%2Fitem%2F%3Fmap%3Dfrench-study-finds-tumours-in-rats-fed-gm-corn&rft.pub=Reuters&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criigen.org/SiteEn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=57&Itemid=105" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Seralini bio on CRIIGEN</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Seralini2011-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2011_10-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2011_10-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Séralini, Gilles-Eric; Mesnage, Robin; Clair, Emilie; Gress, Steeve; De Vendômois, Joël; Cellier, Dominique (2011). "Genetically modified crops safety assessments: Present limits and possible improvements". <i>Environmental Sciences Europe</i> <b>23</b>: 10. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F2190-4715-23-10" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1186/2190-4715-23-10</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Genetically+modified+crops+safety+assessments%3A+Present+limits+and+possible+improvements&rft.au=Cellier%2C+Dominique&rft.au=Clair%2C+Emilie&rft.au=De+Vend%C3%B4mois%2C+Jo%C3%ABl&rft.aufirst=Gilles-Eric&rft.au=Gress%2C+Steeve&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9ralini&rft.au=Mesnage%2C+Robin&rft.au=S%C3%A9ralini%2C+Gilles-Eric&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F2190-4715-23-10&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Sciences+Europe&rft.pages=10&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=23" class="Z3988"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary.2C_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (May 2013)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-EFSA2004-MON863-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-EFSA2004-MON863_11-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-EFSA2004-MON863_11-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (2004). "Opinion of the Scientific Panel on genetically modified organisms [GMO] on a request from the Commission related to the safety of foods and food ingredients derived from insect-protected genetically modified maize MON 863 and MON 863 x MON 810, for which a request for placing on the market was submitted under Article 4 of the Novel Food Regulation (EC) No 258/97 by Monsanto". <i>The EFSA Journal</i> <b>50</b>: 1–25. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2004.50" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.2903/j.efsa.2004.50</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Opinion+of+the+Scientific+Panel+on+genetically+modified+organisms+%5BGMO%5D+on+a+request+from+the+Commission+related+to+the+safety+of+foods+and+food+ingredients+derived+from+insect-protected+genetically+modified+maize+MON+863+and+MON+863+x+MON+810%2C+for+which+a+request+for+placing+on+the+market+was+submitted+under+Article+4+of+the+Novel+Food+Regulation+%28EC%29+No+258%2F97+by+Monsanto&rft.au=EFSA+Panel+on+Genetically+Modified+Organisms&rft.aulast=EFSA+Panel+on+Genetically+Modified+Organisms&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2004.50&rft.jtitle=The+EFSA+Journal&rft.pages=1-25&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=50" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-NoSecrets-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-NoSecrets_12-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-NoSecrets_12-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmo-safety.eu/archive/246.secrets-safety-matters.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">MON863 maize: Court orders disclosure of all documents: No secrets in safety matters</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Monsanto, 2002. 13-Week Dietary Subchronic Comparison Study with MON 863 Corn in Rats Preceded by a 1-Week Baseline Food Consumption Determination with PMI Certified Rodent Diet #5002 Note, original links to document at Monsanto site are dead as of Sept 2012 – dead links are<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://monsanto.com/monsanto/content/sci_tech/prod_safety/fullratstudy.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://monsanto.com/monsanto/content/sci_tech/prod_safety/fullratstudy.pdf</a> and<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.monsanto.com/monsanto/content/products/technicalandsafety/fullratstudy.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">http://www.monsanto.com/monsanto/content/products/technicalandsafety/fullratstudy.pdf</a>. Internet archive has the document here <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20051109175625/http://www.monsanto.com/monsanto/content/sci_tech/prod_safety/fullratstudy.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[1]</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_M.Smith" title="Jeffrey M. Smith" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jeffrey M. Smith</a> January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biophile.co.za/genetic-engineering/study-reveals-gm-threats" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Study reveals GM threats</a> Biophile Magazine, Issue 6.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Seralini2007-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2007_15-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2007_15-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2007_15-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Séralini, Gilles-Eric; Cellier, Dominique; De Vendomois, Joël Spiroux (2007). "New Analysis of a Rat Feeding Study with a Genetically Modified Maize Reveals Signs of Hepatorenal Toxicity". <i>Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology</i> <b>52</b> (4): 596–602. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00244-006-0149-5" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1007/s00244-006-0149-5</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17356802" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">17356802</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=New+Analysis+of+a+Rat+Feeding+Study+with+a+Genetically+Modified+Maize+Reveals+Signs+of+Hepatorenal+Toxicity&rft.au=Cellier%2C+Dominique&rft.au=De+Vendomois%2C+Jo%C3%ABl+Spiroux&rft.aufirst=Gilles-Eric&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9ralini&rft.au=S%C3%A9ralini%2C+Gilles-Eric&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00244-006-0149-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17356802&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.pages=596-602&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=52" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-16" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/news/messages/200703.docu.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"GM maize MON863: French scientists doubt safety"</a>. GMO Compass. 16 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 11 November 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=GM+maize+MON863%3A+French+scientists+doubt+safety&rft.date=16+March+2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmo-compass.org%2Feng%2Fnews%2Fmessages%2F200703.docu.html&rft.pub=GMO+Compass&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Z_Magazine_Ananda_2010-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Z_Magazine_Ananda_2010_17-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Ananda, Rady (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zcommunications.org/three-approved-gmos-linked-to-organ-damage-by-rady-ananda.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Three Approved GMOs Linked to Organ Damage"</a> (PDF). <i>Z Magazine</i> <b>23</b> (3)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 21 July 2010</span>. "The data 'clearly underlines adverse impacts on kidneys and liver, the dietary detoxifying organs, as well as different levels of damages to heart, adrenal glands, spleen, and haematopoietic system,' reported Gilles-Eric Séralini, a molecular biologist at Caen University."</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Three+Approved+GMOs+Linked+to+Organ+Damage&rft.au=Ananda%2C+Rady&rft.aufirst=Rady&rft.aulast=Ananda&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zcommunications.org%2Fthree-approved-gmos-linked-to-organ-damage-by-rady-ananda.pdf&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Z+Magazine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=23" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Greenpeace_March_2007-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Greenpeace_March_2007_18-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090330230559/http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/gp_briefing_seralini_study.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Regulatory systems for GE crops a failure: the case of MON863"</a> (PDF). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Greenpeace</a>. Archived from<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/reports/gp_briefing_seralini_study.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">the original</a> on 30 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 21 July 2010</span>. "Greenpeace demands an immediate and complete recall of MON863 from the global market. We also call upon governments to undertake an urgent reassessment of all other authorised GE products and a strict review of current testing methods."</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=Regulatory+systems+for+GE+crops+a+failure%3A+the+case+of+MON863&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenpeace.org%2Fraw%2Fcontent%2Finternational%2Fpress%2Freports%2Fgp_briefing_seralini_study.pdf&rft.pub=Greenpeace&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-EFSA2007_review_of_Seralini_2007-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-EFSA2007_review_of_Seralini_2007_19-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statement of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms on the analysis of data from a 90-day rat feeding study with MON 863 maize <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/doc/753.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[2]</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-EFSA2007_Statistical_Review_of_Seralini2007-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-EFSA2007_Statistical_Review_of_Seralini2007_20-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">European Food Safety Authority (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/19r.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"EFSA review of statistical analyses conducted for the assessment of the MON 863 90-day rat feeding study"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2007.19r" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.2903/j.efsa.2007.19r</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.au=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft.aulast=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft.btitle=EFSA+review+of+statistical+analyses+conducted+for+the+assessment+of+the+MON+863+90-day+rat+feeding+study&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fefsajournal%2Fpub%2F19r.htm&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2007.19r&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-LeFigaro-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-LeFigaro_21-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/sciences/20070713.WWW000000717_les_experts_europeens_innocentent_un_ogm.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Les experts européens innocentent un OGM</a> Le Figaro, 13 July 2007. Retrieved 27 October 2010</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-22" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/system/files/d1b51c34d01.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Les Organismes Génétiquement Modifiés, Annexe B. Avis de la commission du génie biomoléculaire sur l’étude statistique du CRIIGEN du maïs MON863</a> Report prepared for the French Prime Minister by the Centre d'Analyse Strategique, 20 July 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2013</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-23" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/srcfiles/Review_of_Report_by_Seralini_et_al_July_2007.doc" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Review of the report by Séralini et al., (2007): "New analysis of a rat feeding study with a genetically modified maize reveals signs of hepatorenal toxicity<span style="padding-right: 0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. FSANZ final assessment report<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 11 November 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=Review+of+the+report+by+S%C3%A9ralini+et+al.%2C+%282007%29%3A+%22New+analysis+of+a+rat+feeding+study+with+a+genetically+modified+maize+reveals+signs+of+hepatorenal+toxicity%22&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodstandards.gov.au%2F_srcfiles%2FReview_of_Report_by_Seralini_et_al_July_2007.doc&rft.pub=FSANZ+final+assessment+report&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span title=" since August 2013">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-24" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/scienceandeducation/factsheets/factsheets2007/updatefsanzreaffirms3622.cfm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">"FSANZ reaffirms its risk assessment of genetically modified corn MON 863"</a>. FSANZ fact sheets 2007. 25 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 11 November 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=FSANZ+reaffirms+its+risk+assessment+of+genetically+modified+corn+MON+863&rft.date=25+July+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodstandards.gov.au%2Fscienceandeducation%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheets2007%2Fupdatefsanzreaffirms3622.cfm&rft.pub=FSANZ+fact+sheets+2007&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Seralini2009-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2009_25-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Seralini2009_25-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">De Vendômois, Joël Spiroux (2009). "A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health". <i>International Journal of Biological Sciences</i>: 706. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.7150%2Fijbs.5.706" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.7150/ijbs.5.706</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+of+the+Effects+of+Three+GM+Corn+Varieties+on+Mammalian+Health&rft.au=De+Vend%C3%B4mois%2C+Jo%C3%ABl+Spiroux&rft.aufirst=Jo%C3%ABl+Spiroux&rft.aulast=De+Vend%C3%B4mois&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7150%2Fijbs.5.706&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Biological+Sciences&rft.pages=706&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-pmid15110110-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-pmid15110110_26-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Hammond, B; Dudek, R; Lemen, J; Nemeth, M (2004). "Results of a 13 week safety assurance study with rats fed grain from glyphosate tolerant corn". <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i> <b>42</b> (6): 1003–14.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2004.02.013" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1016/j.fct.2004.02.013</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15110110" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">15110110</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Results+of+a+13+week+safety+assurance+study+with+rats+fed+grain+from+glyphosate+tolerant+corn&rft.au=Dudek%2C+R&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Hammond%2C+B&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.au=Lemen%2C+J&rft.au=Nemeth%2C+M&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fct.2004.02.013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15110110&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.pages=1003-14&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=42" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-pmid16084637-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-pmid16084637_27-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Hammond, B.; Lemen, J.; Dudek, R.; Ward, D.; Jiang, C.; Nemeth, M.; Burns, J. (2006). "Results of a 90-day safety assurance study with rats fed grain from corn rootworm-protected corn". <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i> <b>44</b> (2): 147–60. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2005.06.008" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.008</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16084637" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">16084637</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Results+of+a+90-day+safety+assurance+study+with+rats+fed+grain+from+corn+rootworm-protected+corn&rft.au=Burns%2C+J.&rft.au=Dudek%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+B.&rft.au=Jiang%2C+C.&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.au=Lemen%2C+J.&rft.au=Nemeth%2C+M.&rft.au=Ward%2C+D.&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fct.2005.06.008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16084637&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.pages=147-60&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=44" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-pmid16487643-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-pmid16487643_28-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Hammond, B.G.; Dudek, R.; Lemen, J.K.; Nemeth, M.A. (2006). "Results of a 90-day safety assurance study with rats fed grain from corn borer-protected corn". <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i> <b>44</b> (7): 1092–9.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2006.01.003" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1016/j.fct.2006.01.003</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16487643" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">16487643</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Results+of+a+90-day+safety+assurance+study+with+rats+fed+grain+from+corn+borer-protected+corn&rft.au=Dudek%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+B.G.&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.au=Lemen%2C+J.K.&rft.au=Nemeth%2C+M.A.&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fct.2006.01.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16487643&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.pages=1092-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=44" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-29" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/events/event/gmo100127-m.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"EFSA Minutes of the 55th Plenary Meeting of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms Held on 27–28 January 2010 IN Parma, Italy, Annex 1, Vendemois et al 2009"</a>. European Food Safety Authority report<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 11 November 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=EFSA+Minutes+of+the+55th+Plenary+Meeting+of+the+Scientific+Panel+on+Genetically+Modified+Organisms+Held+on+27%E2%80%9328+January+2010+IN+Parma%2C+Italy%2C+Annex+1%2C+Vendemois+et+al+2009&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fevents%2Fevent%2Fgmo100127-m.pdf&rft.pub=European+Food+Safety+Authority+report&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-hcb-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-hcb_30-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-hcb_30-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haut_Conseil_des_biotechnologies" class="extiw" title="fr:Haut Conseil des biotechnologies" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">French wiki: Haut conseil de biotechnologies</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:V#SELF" title="Wikipedia:V" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (August 2013)">self-published source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-31" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/acnfp9612a2" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Opinion relating to the deposition of 15 December 2009 by the Member of Parliament, François Grosdidier, as to the conclusions of the study entitled "A comparison of the effects of three GM corn varieties on mammalian health<span style="padding-right: 0.2em;">"</span>"</a>. English translation of French High Council of Biotechnologies Scientific Committee document<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 11 November 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=Opinion+relating+to+the+deposition+of+15+December+2009+by+the+Member+of+Parliament%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois+Grosdidier%2C+as+to+the+conclusions+of+the+study+entitled+%22A+comparison+of+the+effects+of+three+GM+corn+varieties+on+mammalian+health%22&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.food.gov.uk%2Fmultimedia%2Fpdfs%2Facnfp9612a2&rft.pub=English+translation+of+French+High+Council+of+Biotechnologies+Scientific+Committee+document&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-32" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/scienceandeducation/factsheets/factsheets/feedingstudiesandgmc5604.cfm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Feeding studies and GM corn MON863"</a>. Food Standards Australia New Zealand. July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 10 October 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=Feeding+studies+and+GM+corn+MON863&rft.date=July+2012&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodstandards.gov.au%2Fscienceandeducation%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheets%2Ffeedingstudiesandgmc5604.cfm&rft.pub=Food+Standards+Australia+New+Zealand&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-33" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vincent Olivier for L'Express. January 19, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/environnement/ogm-deux-chercheurs-au-tribunal_953626.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">OGM: deux chercheurs au tribunal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fenvironnement%2Fogm-deux-chercheurs-au-tribunal_953626.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">English translation</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-GuardianSeralini-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-GuardianSeralini_34-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-GuardianSeralini_34-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Vidal, John (28 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/sep/28/study-gm-maize-cancer" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Study linking GM maize to cancer must be taken seriously by regulators"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (London)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 8 May 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Study+linking+GM+maize+to+cancer+must+be+taken+seriously+by+regulators&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Vidal&rft.au=Vidal%2C+John&rft.date=28+September+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fenvironment%2F2012%2Fsep%2F28%2Fstudy-gm-maize-cancer&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.place=London&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-ButlerNatureNews-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-ButlerNatureNews_35-7" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Butler, Declan (2012). "Hyped GM maize study faces growing scrutiny". <i>Nature</i> <b>490</b> (7419): 158. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F490158a" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1038/490158a</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23060167" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">23060167</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Hyped+GM+maize+study+faces+growing+scrutiny&rft.au=Butler%2C+Declan&rft.aufirst=Declan&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F490158a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23060167&rft.issue=7419&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=158&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=490" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-naturepre-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-naturepre_36-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v5/n1/full/ngeo1365.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Nature GeoScience: "Embargoes on the web" 21 December 2011</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-37" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Suzuki, H; Mohr, U; Kimmerle, G (1979). "Spontaneous endocrine tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats". <i>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology</i> <b>95</b> (2): 187–96. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00401012" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1007/BF00401012</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/521452" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">521452</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Spontaneous+endocrine+tumors+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Kimmerle%2C+G&rft.aulast=Suzuki&rft.au=Mohr%2C+U&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+H&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00401012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F521452&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cancer+research+and+clinical+oncology&rft.pages=187-96&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=95" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-huntingdon_sprague_dawley_data-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-huntingdon_sprague_dawley_data_38-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-huntingdon_sprague_dawley_data_38-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huntingdon.com/assets/Posters/Poster0458.pdf?1340119893" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Mortality and In-Life Patterns in Sprague-Dawley"</a>. Huntingdon Life Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 26 October 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=Mortality+and+In-Life+Patterns+in+Sprague-Dawley&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huntingdon.com%2Fassets%2FPosters%2FPoster0458.pdf%3F1340119893&rft.pub=Huntingdon+Life+Sciences&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-harlan_sprague_dawley_data-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-harlan_sprague_dawley_data_39-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-harlan_sprague_dawley_data_39-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harlan.com/download.axd/117b20f991764a5e98e32d366d83e876.pdf?d=spraguedawley%2520rat" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Sprague Dawley"</a>. Harlan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 26 October 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=Sprague+Dawley&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harlan.com%2Fdownload.axd%2F117b20f991764a5e98e32d366d83e876.pdf%3Fd%3Dspraguedawley%252520rat&rft.pub=Harlan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-EFSA-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-EFSA_40-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-EFSA_40-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-EFSA_40-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">European Food Safety Authority (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2986.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Final review of the Séralini et al. (2012a) publication on a 2-year rodent feeding study with glyphosate formulations and GM maize NK603 as published online on 19 September 2012 in Food and Chemical Toxicology"</a>. <i>EFSA Journal</i> <b>10</b> (11): 2986.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2012.2910" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2910</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/121004.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Lay summary</a> – <i>EFSA</i> (4 October 2012).</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Final+review+of+the+S%C3%A9ralini+et+al.+%282012a%29+publication+on+a+2-year+rodent+feeding+study+with+glyphosate+formulations+and+GM+maize+NK603+as+published+online+on+19+September+2012+in+Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.au=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft.aulast=European+Food+Safety+Authority&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsa.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fefsajournal%2Fpub%2F2986.htm&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2012.2910&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=EFSA+Journal&rft.pages=2986&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=10" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-41" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcl.ac.uk/medicine/research/divisions/dns/about/people/profiles/tomsanders.aspx" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">KCL webpage of Prof Sanders</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-42" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Hirschler and Kate Kelland. Reuters. September 20, 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.yahoo.com/study-monsanto-gm-corn-concerns-draws-skepticism-125703342.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Study on Monsanto GM corn concerns draws skepticism</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-43" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Carman for the Washington Post. Posted at 07:30 PM ET, 19 September 2012. French scientists question safety of GM corn <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/all-we-can-eat/post/french-scientists-question-safety-of-gm-corn/2012/09/19/d2ed52e4-027c-11e2-8102-ebee9c66e190_blog.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">[3]</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-44" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Amos, Jonathan (19 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19654825" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"French GM-fed rat study triggers furore"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">BBC News</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 22 August 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.au=Amos%2C+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Amos%2C+Jonathan&rft.btitle=French+GM-fed+rat+study+triggers+furore&rft.date=19+September+2012&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-19654825&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-45" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (1 October 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfr.bund.de/en/press_information/2012/29/a_study_of_the_university_of_caen_neither_constitutes_a_reason_for_a_re_evaluation_of_genetically_modified_nk603_maize_nor_does_it_affect_the_renewal_of_the_glyphosate_approval-131739.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">A study of the University of Caen neither constitutes a reason for a re-evaluation of genetically modified NK603 maize nor does it affect the renewal of the glyphosate approval</a> German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). Retrieved 14 October 2012</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-46" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada; Animal Feed Division, Animal Health Directorate, Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada. October 25, 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/gmf-agm/seralini-eng.php" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Health Canada and Canadian Food Inspection Agency statement on the Séralini et al. (2012) publication on a 2-year rodent feeding study with glyphosate formulations and GM maize NK603</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2012AFP-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-2012AFP_47-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (22 October 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afp.com/en/node/615056" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">French panel rejects study linking GM corn to cancer</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France_Presse" title="Agence France Presse" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Agence France Presse</a>. Retrieved 23 October 2012</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-48" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (8 October 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vib.be/en/news/Pages/VIB-concludes-that-Seralini-study-is-not-substantiated-.aspx" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">VIB concludes that Séralini study is not substantiated</a> VIB Life Sciences Research Institute, Belgium. Retrieved 14 October 2012</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-49" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-49" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (October 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.food.dtu.dk/upload/institutter/food/publikationer/2012/vurdering_gmostudieseralini_okt12.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">The Technical University of Denmark National Food Institute's assessment of a new long-term trial with genetically modified maize NK603 and spray Roundup</a> (In Danish) Technical University of Denmark, Danish National Food Institute, Rertrieved 23 October 2012</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-50" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-50" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20121020112955/http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumerinformation/gmfoods/gmfactsheets/responsetosralinipap5676.cfm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Response to Séralini paper on the long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize"</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSANZ" title="FSANZ" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">FSANZ</a> website</i>. October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumerinformation/gmfoods/gmfactsheets/responsetosralinipap5676.cfm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">the original</a> on 20 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 13 November 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Response+to+S%C3%A9ralini+paper+on+the+long+term+toxicity+of+a+Roundup+herbicide+and+a+Roundup-tolerant+genetically+modified+maize&rft.date=October+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodstandards.gov.au%2Fconsumerinformation%2Fgmfoods%2Fgmfactsheets%2Fresponsetosralinipap5676.cfm&rft.jtitle=FSANZ+website&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-51" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-51" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cibiogem.gob.mx/Sala-prensa/Documents/CTNBIO-Brasil-Seralini1725.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation : Considered Opinion"</a>. Cibiogem.gob.mx<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2013-08-20</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Science+Technology+and+Innovation+%3A+Considered+Opinion&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cibiogem.gob.mx%2FSala-prensa%2FDocuments%2FCTNBIO-Brasil-Seralini1725.pdf&rft.pub=Cibiogem.gob.mx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-52" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-52" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EFB (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efb-central.org/index.php/Members/efb_institutional_members_list" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">Members</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-avis-53" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-avis_53-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-avis_53-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Avis des Académies nationales d’Agriculture, de Médecine, de Pharmacie, des Sciences, des Technologies, et Vétérinaire sur la publication récente de G.E. Séralini et al. sur la toxicité d’un OGM<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-sciences.fr/presse/communique/avis_1012.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Communiqué de presse 19 octobre 2012</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-SFPonAcademies-54" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-SFPonAcademies_54-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-SFPonAcademies_54-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Agence France-Presse. 19 October 2012, as posted on phys.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys.org/news/2012-10-linking-gm-corn-cancer-non-event.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Six French academies dismiss study linking GM corn to cancer (Update 2)</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Barale-Thomas-55" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Barale-Thomas_55-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Barale-Thomas_55-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Barale-Thomas_55-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Barale-Thomas, Erio (2013). "Letter to the editor". <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i> <b>53</b>: 473–4.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2012.10.041" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.041</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23165156" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">23165156</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Letter+to+the+editor&rft.au=Barale-Thomas%2C+Erio&rft.aufirst=Erio&rft.aulast=Barale-Thomas&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fct.2012.10.041&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23165156&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.pages=473-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=53" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-56" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-56" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://be.linkedin.com/in/eriobaralethomas" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Erio Barale-Thomas linked in page</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-sfpt-57" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-sfpt_57-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toxpathfrance.org/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">webpage of the Société Française de Pathologie Toxicologique</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Belgium-58" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Belgium_58-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Belgium_58-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Belgium_58-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bioveiligheidsraad Conseil de Biosécurité (Belgian Biosafety Advisory Council) (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bio-council.be/docs/BAC_2012_0898_CONSOLIDE.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Advice of the Belgian Biosafety Advisory Council on the article by Séralini et al., 2012 on toxicity of GM maize NK603</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-59" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-59" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grace-fp7.eu/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">GRACE project website</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-60" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-60" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Séralini, Gilles-Eric; Mesnage, Robin; Defarge, Nicolas; Gress, Steeve; Hennequin, Didier; Clair, Emilie; Malatesta, Manuela; De Vendômois, Joël Spiroux (2013). "Answers to critics: Why there is a long term toxicity due to a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize and to a Roundup herbicide". <i>Food and Chemical Toxicology</i> <b>53</b>: 476–83. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2012.11.007" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.007</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23146697" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">23146697</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Answers+to+critics%3A+Why+there+is+a+long+term+toxicity+due+to+a+Roundup-tolerant+genetically+modified+maize+and+to+a+Roundup+herbicide&rft.au=Clair%2C+Emilie&rft.au=Defarge%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=De+Vend%C3%B4mois%2C+Jo%C3%ABl+Spiroux&rft.aufirst=Gilles-Eric&rft.au=Gress%2C+Steeve&rft.au=Hennequin%2C+Didier&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9ralini&rft.au=Malatesta%2C+Manuela&rft.au=Mesnage%2C+Robin&rft.au=S%C3%A9ralini%2C+Gilles-Eric&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fct.2012.11.007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23146697&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.pages=476-83&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=53" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-61" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-61" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Séralini et al. (January 31, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criigen.org/user/site/lettertocope_seralinial_en_3101214.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Letter to the Committee On Publication Ethics (COPE)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved June 28, 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9ralini+et+al.&rft.au=S%C3%A9ralini+et+al.&rft.btitle=Letter+to+the+Committee+On+Publication+Ethics+%28COPE%29&rft.date=January+31%2C+2014&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.criigen.org%2Fuser%2Fsite%2Flettertocope_seralinial_en_3101214.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-62" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-62" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmoseralini.org/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">"GMOSeralini"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved April 24, 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=GMOSeralini&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmoseralini.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-63" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-63" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff, ENSSER. Page last modified: 10-18-2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensser.org/democratising-science-decision-making/ensser-comments-on-seralini-study/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">ENSSER Comments on Séralini et al. 2012</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-64" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-64" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility (ENSSER) (2012).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensser.org/fileadmin/files/ENSSER-Comments-Seralini-etal2012-en.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Questionable biosafety of GMOs, double standards and, once again, a "shooting-the-messenger" style debate</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-65" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-65" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartmut Meyer and Angelika Hilbeck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/25/1/33" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Rat feeding studies with genetically modified maize – a comparative evaluation of applied methods and risk assessment standards</a> Environmental Sciences Europe 2013, 25:33</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-66" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-66" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Independent Science News (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://independentsciencenews.org/health/seralini-and-science-nk603-rat-study-roundup/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Seralini and Science: an Open Letter</a>, Oct 2 2012</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-67" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-67" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff, Testbiotech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.testbiotech.de/en/testbiotech" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Testbiotech: About Us</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-68" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-68" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Then, C. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.testbiotech.de/sites/default/files/the%20double%20standards%20of%20EFSA_0.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">The European Food Safety Authority: Using double standards when assessing feeding studies</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-69" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-69" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andalo C, Chercheuse AHS, Atlan A, Auclair D, Austerlitz F, Barot S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2012/11/14/science-et-conscience_1790174_3232.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Science et conscience</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=n&prev=t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fidees%2Farticle%2F2012%2F11%2F14%2Fscience-et-conscience_1790174_3232.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">English translation via Google Translate: Science and conscience</a>. Le Monde. 14 November 2012.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Furor-70" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Furor_70-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Furor_70-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Declan Butler for Nature News. September 25, 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/rat-study-sparks-gm-furore-1.11471" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Rat study sparks GM furore</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-71" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-71" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff, Phys.org. September 26, 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys.org/news/2012-09-russia-monsanto-corn-imports.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Russia suspends Monsanto corn imports</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-72" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-72" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emily Willingham for Forbes. December 9, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/emilywillingham/2012/12/09/seralini-paper-influences-kenya-ban-of-gmo-imports/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Seralini Paper Influences Kenya Ban of GMO Imports</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-73" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-73" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/ogm-le-scandale/20120918.OBS2686/exclusif-oui-les-ogm-sont-des-poisons.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">"EXCLUSIF. Oui, les OGM sont des poisons ! – Le Nouvel Observateur"</a>. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2013-08-20</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.btitle=EXCLUSIF.+Oui%2C+les+OGM+sont+des+poisons+%21+%E2%80%93+Le+Nouvel+Observateur&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftempsreel.nouvelobs.com%2Fogm-le-scandale%2F20120918.OBS2686%2Fexclusif-oui-les-ogm-sont-des-poisons.html&rft.pub=Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-74" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-74" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Entine, Jon (30 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/30/does-the-seralini-corn-study-fiasco-mark-a-turning-point-in-the-debate-over-gm-food/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Does the Seralini Corn Study Fiasco Mark a Turning Point in the Debate Over GM Food?"</a>. <i>Forbes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 11 May 2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Does+the+Seralini+Corn+Study+Fiasco+Mark+a+Turning+Point+in+the+Debate+Over+GM+Food%3F&rft.au=Entine%2C+Jon&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.aulast=Entine&rft.date=30+September+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjonentine%2F2012%2F09%2F30%2Fdoes-the-seralini-corn-study-fiasco-mark-a-turning-point-in-the-debate-over-gm-food%2F&rft.jtitle=Forbes.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-75" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-75" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/the-gmo-food-fight-rats-cancer-and-single-study-syndrome/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Single-Study Syndrome and the G.M.O. Food Fight</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-76" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-76" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Miller, Henry I. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/09/25/scientists-smell-a-rat-in-fraudulent-genetic-engineering-study/2/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Scientists Smell A Rat In Fraudulent Genetic Engineering Study"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Scientists+Smell+A+Rat+In+Fraudulent+Genetic+Engineering+Study&rft.aufirst=Henry+I.&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.au=Miller%2C+Henry+I.&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fhenrymiller%2F2012%2F09%2F25%2Fscientists-smell-a-rat-in-fraudulent-genetic-engineering-study%2F2%2F&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-77" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-77" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff, Right to Know.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carighttoknow.org/tags/seralini" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Posts tagged Seralini</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-78" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-78" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Lumley for Stats Chat website. 20 September 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statschat.org.nz/2012/09/20/roundup-scare/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Roundup scare</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-NatureOnSeralini2012-79" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-NatureOnSeralini2012_79-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">"Poison postures". <i>Nature</i> <b>489</b> (7417): 474. September 2012. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F489474a" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1038/489474a</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23025010" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">23025010</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Poison+postures&rft.date=September+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F489474a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23025010&rft.issue=7417&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=474&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=489" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-80" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-80" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Séralini, Gilles-Eric (2012). <i>Tous Cobayes !: OGM, pesticides et produits chimiques</i>. Editions Flammarion.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-08-126236-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-08-126236-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">978-2-08-126236-2</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.aufirst=Gilles-Eric&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9ralini&rft.au=S%C3%A9ralini%2C+Gilles-Eric&rft.btitle=Tous+Cobayes+%21%3A+OGM%2C+pesticides+et+produits+chimiques&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-2-08-126236-2&rft.pub=Editions+Flammarion&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-81" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-81" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2411114/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Tous cobayes? (2012) – IMDb"</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMDB" title="IMDB" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">IMDB</a></i>. IMDB.com.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Tous+cobayes%3F+%282012%29+%E2%80%93+IMDb&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt2411114%2F&rft.jtitle=IMDB&rft.pub=IMDB.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-82" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-82" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the Media Radio Show, 2012 Sep 28 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onthemedia.org/2012/sep/28/manipulating-science-reporting/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Manipulating Science Reporting</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-83" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-83" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Zimmer on Discovery Magazine blog, The Loom. 21 September 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2012/09/21/from-darwinius-to-gmos-journalists-should-not-let-themselves-be-played/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">From Darwinius to GMOs: Journalists Should Not Let Themselves Be Played</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-84" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-84" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/features/gm-corn-and-cancer-seralini-affair/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">GM Corn and Cancer: the Seralini Affair</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Casassus-85" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Casassus_85-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Casassus_85-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara Casassus for Nature News. November 28, 2013 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/study-linking-gm-maize-to-rat-tumours-is-retracted-1.14268" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Study linking GM maize to rat tumours is retracted: Publisher withdraws paper over authors' objections, citing weak evidence</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-86" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-86" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elsevier press release. December 10, 2013 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/research-and-journals/food-and-chemical-toxicology-editor-in-chief,-a.-wallace-hayes,-publishes-response-to-letters-to-the-editors" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Food and Chemical Toxicology Editor-in-Chief, A. Wallace Hayes, Publishes Response to Letters to the Editors</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-87" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-87" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Hiltzik for the Los Angeles Times. November 29, 2013 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2013/nov/29/business/la-fi-mh-gmo-20131129" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Notorious anti-GMO study is retracted – creating more controversy</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-88" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-88" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Portier, Christopher J.; Goldman, Lynn R.; Goldstein, Bernard D. (1 February 2014). "Inconclusive Findings: Now You See Them, Now You Don’t!". <i>Environmental Health Perspectives</i> <b>122</b> (2): A36–A36.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1289%2Fehp.1408106" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1289/ehp.1408106</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Inconclusive+Findings%3A+Now+You+See+Them%2C+Now+You+Don%E2%80%99t%21&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Lynn+R.&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+Bernard+D.&rft.aulast=Portier&rft.au=Portier%2C+Christopher+J.&rft.date=1+February+2014&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.1408106&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.pages=A36-A36&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=122" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-89" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-89" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Entine, Jon (29 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/11/29/notorious-seralini-gmo-cancer-rat-study-retracted-ugly-legal-battle-looms/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Séralini Threatens Lawsuit In Wake Of Retraction Of Infamous GMO Cancer Rat Study"</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 19 February 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=S%C3%A9ralini+Threatens+Lawsuit+In+Wake+Of+Retraction+Of+Infamous+GMO+Cancer+Rat+Study&rft.au=Entine%2C+Jon&rft.aulast=Entine%2C+Jon&rft.date=29+November+2013&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjonentine%2F2013%2F11%2F29%2Fnotorious-seralini-gmo-cancer-rat-study-retracted-ugly-legal-battle-looms%2F&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-90" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-90" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://endsciencecensorship.org/en/page/Statement" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://endsciencecensorship.org/en/page/Statement</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-91" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-91" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Séralini, Gilles-Eric; Clair, Emilie; Mesnage, Robin; Gress, Steeve; Defarge, Nicolas; Malatesta, Manuela; Hennequin, Didier; de Vendômois, Joël. "Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize". <i>Environmental Sciences Europe</i> <b>26</b> (1): 14.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12302-014-0014-5" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">10.1186/s12302-014-0014-5</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Republished+study%3A+long-term+toxicity+of+a+Roundup+herbicide+and+a+Roundup-tolerant+genetically+modified+maize&rft.au=Clair%2C+Emilie&rft.au=Defarge%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=de+Vend%C3%B4mois%2C+Jo%C3%ABl&rft.aufirst=Gilles-Eric&rft.au=Gress%2C+Steeve&rft.au=Hennequin%2C+Didier&rft.aulast=S%C3%A9ralini&rft.au=Malatesta%2C+Manuela&rft.au=Mesnage%2C+Robin&rft.au=S%C3%A9ralini%2C+Gilles-Eric&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12302-014-0014-5&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Sciences+Europe&rft.pages=14&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=26" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-Casassus2-92" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Casassus2_92-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-Casassus2_92-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Casassus, Barbara (26 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/paper-claiming-gm-link-with-tumours-republished-1.15463" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Paper claiming GM link with tumours republished"</a>. <i>Nature</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 26 June 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A9ralini+affair&rft.atitle=Paper+claiming+GM+link+with+tumours+republished&rft.au=Casassus%2C+Barbara&rft.aulast=Casassus%2C+Barbara&rft.date=26+June+2014&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2Fpaper-claiming-gm-link-with-tumours-republished-1.15463&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-93" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="-webkit-user-select: none;"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ralini_affair#cite_ref-93" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web" style="word-wrap: break-word;">Grens, Kerry (24 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/40342/title/Retracted-GMO-Study-Republished/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">"Retracted GMO Study Republished"</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scientist" title="The Scientist" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Scientist</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 24 June 2014</span>.</span></span></font></li></ol></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">note talk has same edit war as ?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Viridium" title="User:Viridium" style="text-decoration: none; line-height: 22.4px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Viridium</a><span style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Kingofaces43" title="User:Kingofaces43" style="text-decoration: none; line-height: 22.4px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Kingofaces43</a><span style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> : </span><span style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I'm an entomologist who works with various agricultural pests, emerald ash borer, etc. I deal a bit in research dealing with toxicology (mainly effects of insecticides on pests and beneficial insects), ecology, and biological control. With that I normally frequent agricultural and entomological related topics. As a scientist, I'm especially interested in how scientific findings reach and are interpreted by the general public. With that, my main interest on Wikipedia is seeing that scientific articles match up with the published literature and are appropriately summarized for general readers. With</span><span style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COI" title="Wikipedia:COI" class="mw-redirect" style="line-height: 22.4px; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">COI</a><span style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">in mind, I don't edit on specific topics that I research directly. That means that while I may edit an emerald ash borer page, I won't be editing content pertaining to my research topics specifically (or citing my own studies for that instance).</span></font></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I also follow guidelines for concise and accurate writing when editing. If it seems like I have removed content, it is very likely the exact same content was summarized earlier in the article and was redundant, or a couple deleted sentences could easy be summarized in one. This is to improve the general readability of articles that sometimes get too verbose for general reading. Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any question about edits or articles I'm working on.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">----</font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jytdog" title="User:Jytdog" style="text-decoration: none; line-height: 22.4px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jytdog</a><span style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> : lays it all out: </span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jytdog">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jytdog</a></span></font></div><div><span style="line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:S%C3%A9ralini_affair"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:S%C3%A9ralini_affair</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">entine orig post on GLP (not all posted on forbes?)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">-Éric Séralini</strong> (born <span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">August 23, 1960 in </span>Annaba<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">, Algeria, then known as Bône</span>) is<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> a </span>French<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> scientist who has been a professor of molecular biology at the </span>University of Caen<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> since 1991. He is best known for publishing research concluding that </span><a title="Genetically modified food" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">g</a>enetically modified food<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> is unsafe for human consumption. He is </span>president and chairman of the board of CRIIGEN (Committee of Independent Research and Information. He has published multiple studies alleging health risks associated with plant biotechnology which have been called flawed and biased by various regulatory and academic groups.</font></p><h2 id="toc_career" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Career</font></h2><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Caen, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, I.B.F.A., Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen Cedex, France email: gilles-eric.seralini arobase unicaen.fr Séralini studied in Nice and became a Doctor in biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of Montpellier in 1987. He left then for North America to carry out fundamental research for four years, at <span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">the </span>University of Western Ontario<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> and </span>Laval University<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> Medical Center, doing research on </span>corticosteroid-binding globulin<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">. </span>Qualified to supervise research, he passed, at the age of 30, the French national competitive exam for University Professors.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Séralini chose to focus on the interface of cancer research and endocrinology <span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">at the University of Caen, where he was appointed professor in June 1991, a position he has held ever since.</span> He wrote about 100 scientific articles and conference papers for international specialist symposiums, and a number of lectures with a nation-wide impact, he assumes several roles in the Commissions of the University of Caen, where he leads a research team associated to CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research) and INRA.”</font></p><h3 id="toc_criigen-committee-of-independent-research-and-information-on-genetic-engineering" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Research at CRIIGEN (Committee of Independent Research and Information on Genetic Engineering</font></h3><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Under the auspices of CRIIGEN, Séralini has published multiple studies claiming health risks associated with GMOs and the <span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup on human cells and the enzyme aromatase in vitro,</span><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> as well as rat testicular cells. </span>H<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">is in vitro research has concluded that Roundup (the formulation with adjuvants, not just glyphosate) is toxic to cells in a dish, as well as that it is an </span>endocrine disruptor<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">. In 2013, the Séralini lab published a study in the <em style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Journal of Applied Toxicology</em> that examined the effects of Cry1ab and Cry1ac insecticidal Bt toxins, as well as their effects in conjunction with Roundup, on HEK cells</span></font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In his most controversial research, in 2012, Séralini et al published a study in the journal <em style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</em> (Volume 50, Issue 11, November 2012, pages 4221-4231) titled “Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize”. <span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Here is the </span><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22999595" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">original abstract of the <em style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</em> paper</a>.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This study informed the banning of genetically modified foods by the Kenyan government in November 2012<a id="ref_2_text" href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_2" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">[2]</a>. On November 28, 2013, however, the journal<a id="ref_3_text" href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_3" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">[3]</a> retracted the article due to <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/rat-study-sparks-gm-furore-1.11471" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">strong criticism</a> from the scientific community about the way the study was conducted. The editor, A. Wallace Hayes, wrote that he retracted the paper because it was “<a href="http://retractionwatch.com/2013/11/28/controversial-seralini-gmo-rats-paper-to-be-retracted/" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">inconclusive</a>,” claiming that this was consistent with Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, although <a href="http://retractionwatch.com/2014/01/16/journal-editor-defends-retraction-of-gmo-rats-study-while-authors-reveal-some-of-papers-history/" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">others disagreed</a>.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On June 24, 2014, the retracted study<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">,</span> in <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">expanded form</a> was republished with the tile “Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize” in an obscure open source journal, <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Environmental Sciences Europe</i></a><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">—where Seralini had </span><a href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/10" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">published before</a><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">. [<strong style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">For an analysis of the study, click <a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-articles/republished-retracted-seralini-corn-rat-study-faces-harsh-criticism-from-scientists/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">here</a></strong>] The journal, part of SpringerOpen, is too young to have an official Impact Factor (IF). </span><a href="http://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=19900191887&tip=sid&clean=0" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Using the same calculation</a><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">, however, the journal would have an IF of .55. That would place it about 190th out of the 210 journals in the “environmental sciences” category at Thomson Scientific. (For comparison, Food and Chemical Toxicology has an IF of just above 3, and a ranking of 27th.)</span></font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This <a href="http://www.enveurope.com/content/26/1/14" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">study</a> is almost identical to the prior study, with some minor but important differences. Séralini claimed in a <a href="http://www.ensser.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Press_kit_Seralini_republication__2014_EN.pdf" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">press release</a> that the republished study was peer reviewed but that is <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/paper-claiming-gm-link-with-tumours-republished-1.15463" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">not accurate</a>, according to the publishing journal’s editor made to Nature magazine. <span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">“We were Springer Publishing’s first open access journal on the environment, and are a platform for discussion on science and regulation at a European and regional level.” </span><i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">ESEU </i><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">conducted no scientific peer review, said editor <a href="http://www.bio5.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49:prof-dr-henner-hollert&catid=34:institutsleiter&Itemid=138&lang=en" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Henner Hollert</a>, “because this had already been conducted by </span><i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">, and had concluded there had been no fraud nor misrepresentation.” The role of the three reviewers hired by </span><i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">ESEU</i><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> was to check that there had been no change in the scientific content of the paper, Hollert added.</span></font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As before, the study claimed that rats fed a diet containing NK603—a seed variety made tolerant to the spraying of glyphosate (Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide)—died earlier than those on a standard diet. The Séralini team reported that 50 percent of males and 70 percent of females died prematurely, compared with only 30 percent and 20 percent in the control group. The number of rats used in the study was too small to draw statistically meaningful conclusions. The study team also selected a breed of rat to use in the experiments in which 80 percent routinely develop cancers, further obscuring the results. Some of the rats fed GM corn outlived the control group, further confusing the picture. The newly-released study, as the first version, did not include any pictures of the control rats. Critical scientists say that is most likely because the type of rat used is tumor prone and would almost certainly show numerous tumors after two years of life; including pictures of control rats with tumors would further undermine Séralini’s claims that the cancer was caused by the corn or glyphosate.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">In 2014, Séralini et al. published a study in <em style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">BioMed Research International</em> claiming that pesticides were more toxic than regulatory bodies had previously thought.<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">The study prompted Ralf Reski, one of the editors of the journal in which it was published, to resign. Reski said, “I do not want to be connected to a journal that provides [Séralini] a forum for such kind of agitation.”</span></font></p><h2 style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Séralini Affair</font></strong></h2><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What became known as the <b style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Séralini Affair</b> began in September 2012, and involved the publication of an experiment conducted by a group led by Séralini involving the feeding of of Monsanto’s Round-Up-resistant NK603 maize (called corn in North America) and the herbicide Round-Up to rats, over the rats’ two-year lifespan.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Séralini had required that journalists, in order to receive a copy of the paper prior to the press conference, sign a confidentiality agreement prohibiting them from contacting other researchers for comment before the press conference. During the press conference, Séralini also announced he was releasing a book and a documentary film on the research. The press conference received extensive coverage in the media.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the paper and in the press conference, Séralini claimed that the results showed that Round-Up-resistant maize and Round-Up are toxic. The abstract indicates: “The health effects of a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize (from 11% in the diet), cultivated with or without Roundup, and Round-Up alone (from 0.1 ppb in water), were studied 2 years in rats. In females, all treated groups died 2–3 times more than controls, and more rapidly. This difference was visible in 3 male groups fed GMOs. All results were hormone and sex dependent, and the pathological profiles were comparable.” The study used 200 Sprague-Dawley rats, 100 male and 100 female, and divided them into twenty groups with 10 rats each; ten experimental conditions were tested on male rats and separately on female rats for two years.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other long-term studies, which were publicly funded, have uncovered no health issues. The Japanese Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology released a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17657996" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">52-week feeding study</a> of GM soybeans in 2007, finding “no apparent adverse effect in rats.” In 2012, a team of scientists at the University of Nottingham School of Biosciences <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691511006399" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">released</a> a review of 12 long-term studies (up to two years) and 12 multi-generational studies (up to 5 generations) of GM foods in the same journal that published the Seralini paper, concluding there is no evidence of health hazards.”</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The release of the book and movie in conjunction with the scientific paper, and the requirement that journalists sign a confidentiality agreement, were also criticized and negatively peer reviewed.</font></p><h3 style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span id="Scientific_evaluation" class="mw-headline" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scientific evaluation</font></span></h3><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As summarized on Wikipedia, the study was widely criticized. <span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">The London-based </span><a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Science Media Centre</a><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">, which assists reporters when major science news breaks, posted an </span><a href="http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-gm-maize-causing-tumours-in-rats/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">entire page of criticisms</a><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">,</span>Scientists claimed that Séralini’s conclusions were impossible to justify given the experimental design – the small sample size together with the length of the study together with the known high incidence of tumors in the species of rats used.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The paper was also challenged by numerous food standards agencies. Many claimed that the conclusions were impossible to justify given the statistical power of the study. Sprague-Dawley rats have a lifespan of about two years and have a high tendency to get cancer over their lifespan (one study found that over eighty percent of males and over seventy percent of females got cancer under normal conditions). The Séralini experiment lasted the normal lifespan of these rats, and the longer the experiment went, the more statistical “noise” there was – the more rats get cancer naturally, regardless of what was done to them. For the experiment to have adequate statistical power, all the groups – control groups and test groups – would have to number at least 65 rats per group in order to sort out any experimentally caused cancers from cancers that would occur normally – but the Séralini study had only ten per group.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines recommends 20 rats for chemical-toxicity studies, and 50 rats for carcinogenicity studies.<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> </span></span>In addition, if the survival of the rats is less than 50% at 104 weeks (which is likely given the Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study) the recommended number of rats is 65.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr. Francis Nang’ayo of the African Agricultural and Technology Foundation<a id="ref_4_text" href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_4" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">[4]</a> criticized the study for having used rats that were susceptible to cancer. “In science, the sample size for a study of such a magnitude should be at least 50 yet Seralini used only ten rats which to me greatly compromise the findings,” added Mr. Nang’ayo.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">King’s College London Professor Tom Sanders wrote that since Sprague-Dawley rats are susceptible to mammary tumors when food intake is not restricted, data should have been provided about how much food the rats were fed (as well as the presence of fungus in the feed, another confounder). Sanders also wrote of this study, “The statistical methods are unconventional … and it would appear the authors have gone on a statistical fishing trip.”</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Washington Post quoted food activist and GMO critic Marion Nestle, the Paulette Goddard professor in the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health at New York University: “‘[I] can’t figure it out yet….It’s weirdly complicated and unclear on key issues: what the controls were fed, relative rates of tumors, why no dose relationship, what the mechanism might be. I can’t think of a biological reason why GMO corn should do this…..So even though I strongly support labeling, I’m skeptical of this study.’” University of Calgary Professor Maurice Moloney, among others, wondered why there were so many pictures in the study, and in sympathetic news reports about it, of treated rats with horrific tumors, but no pictures of the rats in the control group.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Many national food safety and regulatory agencies reviewed the paper and condemned it. The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment VP Reiner Wittkowski said in a statement, “The study shows both shortcomings in study design and in the presentation of the collected data. This means that the conclusions drawn by the authors are not supported by the available data.”</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A joint report by three Canadian regulatory agencies also “identified significant shortcomings in the study design, implementation and reporting.” Similar conclusions were reached by the French HCB and the National Agency for Food Safety, the Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, the Technical University of Denmark, Food Standards Australia New Zealand,<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> </span></span></span>the Brazilian National Technical Commission on Biosafety, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The conclusions of the EFSA evaluation were:</font></p><blockquote style="border: 0px none rgb(233, 233, 233); margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 1em 1em 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(247, 247, 247);"><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The study as reported by Séralini <i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">et al.</i> was found to be inadequately designed, analysed and reported…The study as described by Séralini et al. does not allow giving weight to their results and conclusions as published. Conclusions cannot be drawn on the difference in tumour incidence between treatment groups on the basis of the design, the analysis and the results as reported. Taking into consideration Member States’ assessments and the authors’ answer to critics, EFSA finds that the study as reported by Séralini et al. is of insufficient scientific quality for safety assessments.</font></p></blockquote><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <a title="European Federation of Biotechnology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Federation_of_Biotechnology" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">European Federation of Biotechnology</a> lobby, which counts Monsanto and other GM firms among its members, called for the paper to be retracted, calling its publication a “dangerous failure of the peer-review system.”</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Six French national academies (of Agriculture, Medecine, Pharmacy, Science, Technology and Veterinarians) issued a joint statement – “an extremely rare event in French science”– condemning the study and the journal that published it.<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> </span></span></span>The joint statement dismissed the study as ‘a scientific non-event’. The Food and Chemical Toxicology journal, an Elsevier imprint, has a full peer review process, and at least three scientists were needed to endorse the Seralini article prior to publication. The journal in question published a statement in their November 2012 issue,<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> </span></span></span>that “the Editors have encouraged those people with concerns to write formally to the Editor-in-Chief, so that their views can be publicly aired.”</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In March 2013, the same journal that published the Seralini study, published a letter from Erio Barale-Thomas, Principal Scientist of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development and the President of the Conseil d’Administration of The Société Française de Pathologie Toxicologique (SFPT, French Society of Toxicologic Pathology. SFPT is “a non governmental/non profit organization formed by veterinarians, physicians, pharmacists and biologists specialized in veterinary and toxicologic pathology. The letter criticized the Seralini study on several fronts, and concluded: “However, given this study presents serious deficiencies in the protocol, the procedures and the interpretation of the results, the SFPT cannot support any of the scientific claims drawn by the authors, and any relevance for human risk assessment. This letter presents the consensus scientific opinion of the Conseil d’Administration of the SFPT.”</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As a result of the publication of the Séralini paper, the Belgian Federal Minister of Public Health asked the Belgian Biosafety Advisory Council (BBAC) to evaluate the paper. The BBAC was asked to “inform the Minister whether this paper (i) contains new scientific information with regard to risks for human health of GM maize NK603 and (ii) whether this information triggers a revision of the current authorisation for commercialisation for food and feed use of this GM maize in the European Union (EU). Responding to the two point mandate, the BBAC committee, whose members are drawn from the Belgian biotech Professoriat,<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> </span></span></span>pointed out that “the long duration of this study is a positive aspect since most of the toxicity studies on GMOs are performed on shorter periods,” and concluded:</font></p><blockquote style="border: 0px none rgb(233, 233, 233); margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 1em 1em 0.5em; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(247, 247, 247);"><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Given the shortcomings identified by the experts regarding the experimental design, the statistical analysis, the interpretation of the results, the redaction of the article and the presentation of the results, the Biosafety Advisory Council concludes that this study does not contain new scientifically relevant elements that may lead to reconsider immediately the current authorisation for food and feed use of GM maize NK603. Considering the issues raised by the study (i.e. long term assessment), the Biosafety Advisory Council proposes EFSA urgently to study in depth the relevance of the actual guidelines and procedures. It can find inspiration in the GRACE project<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> </span></span></span>to find useful information and new concerted ideas.”</font></p></blockquote><h3 style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Support for Séralini paper</font></strong></h3><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to Wikipedia, Séralini defended the study design, the interpretation of the results, and manner and content of the publication. Support for the study came from ENSSER (European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility), of which CRIIGEN, the institute that Seralini founded and that funded the study, is a member.<span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"> </span></span></span>A study funded by and conducted in consultation with ENSSER also found that EFSA applied double standards. An open letter in support of Seralini’s article, signed by about 300 scientists, doctors, scholars and activists, was published in Independent Science News, a project of the Bioscience Resource Project, both of which oppose GM crops.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The German research group Testbiotech, which opposes GMOs and which believes that regulators have been captured by the biotech industry, posted a report critical of the EFSA’s reaction to the study as not applying the same standards to studies submitted by industry as it did to Seralini’s study.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A statement opposing the controversy, and especially the attacks on Seralini, was published in the newspaper <i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Le Monde</i> and was signed by 140 French scientists; the letter said: “We are deeply shocked by the image of our community that this controversy gives citizens. Many of the threats to our planet have been revealed by scientists isolated and confirmed by many studies coming from the scientific community. In this case, it would be more efficient to implement research on the health and environmental risks of GMOs and pesticides, improve toxicological protocols used for placing on the market and finance a variety of researchers in this domain….”</font></p><h2 style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span id="Reaction_in_the_media" class="mw-headline" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reaction in the media</font></span></h2><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The press conference led to wide coverage in the media, which “energized opponents of GM food, especially in Europe”. <i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Le Nouvel Observateur </i>covered the press conference in a story called, “Yes, GMOs are poisons!”.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As Jon Entine <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/30/does-the-seralini-corn-study-fiasco-mark-a-turning-point-in-the-debate-over-gm-food/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">put it</a> in <i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Forbes</i>, “Seralini’s research is anomalous. Previous peer-reviewed rat feeding studies using the same products (NK603 and Roundup) have not found any negative food safety impacts.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Andrew Revkin dubbed it another instance of “single-study syndrome”, and contended that the study was in support of an “agenda”.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry I. Miller, writing for Forbes, said of the study that “the investigators have refused to release all the data from the experiment, which constitutes scientific misconduct.” Séralini responded by saying, “…that he won’t make any data available to the EFSA and the BfR until the EFSA makes public all the data under-pinning its 2003 approval of NK603 maize for human consumption and animal feed.”</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">The Guardian’</i>s Environmental Blog stated that the study linking GM maize to cancer “must be taken seriously by regulators” and that although it “attracted a torrent of abuse”, “it cannot be swept under the carpet”. It noted that CRIIGEN funded the research although it did not report the source of the funds from organic interests and Greenpeace, which are vocal in opposition to genetic modification, and reported Séralini’s response: namely, that studies in support of GM food are usually funded by “corporates or by pro-biotech institutions”.</font></p><h2 style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GMO-Seralini</font></h2><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Seralini research claims are officially promoted via a website run and managed by U.K. organic exporter, Sustainable Pulse publisher and anti-GMO activist<a class="wikilinks" href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/henry-rowlands/#.U6dJTI1dVMk" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Henry Rowlands</a>.<a id="ref_5_text" href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_5" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">[5]</a></font></p><h2 id="toc_advocacy" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Advocacy</font></h2><h4 id="toc_funding" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funding</font></h4><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Séralini’s research campaign (reported to be more than 5 million Euros was funded in part with more than 3.2 million Euros by French organic food giants Auchan and Carrefour.<a id="ref_6_text" href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_6" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">[6]</a> A million euros were also donated by the the Fondation pour le progrès de l’homme (FPH – Foundation for the Progress of Humankind), a foundation with a reputation for generosity towards an assortment of anti-GMO groups. Séralini’s work is also funded by the activist group Greenpeace.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Publicity for the release of his GMO rat feeding study claims was coordinated by the Sustainable Food Trust (SFT) lead by former UK organic industry Soil Association executive director Patrick Holden. A PR agency called Greenhouse PR managed the events, with media releases, sample tweets etc. and a press release telling media that “for pictures of the rats contact Greenhouse PR” (this page has since been removed from the Sustainable Food Trust website). Greenhouse PR also helped Sustainable Food Trust leverage Patrick Holden’s close relationship with the Prince of Wales to try to secure positive media coverage for Séralini’s controversial GMO corn study. Its website says: “Greenhouse helped organise a series of events hosted by Patrick Holden at Highgrove Farm, home of the Prince of Wales. Events were attended by leading industry opinion formers and key media and included off-the-record debates on issues related to the future of food and farming, followed by a guided tour of the farm.</font></p><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To raise awareness of GM on behalf of the SFT, Greenhouse also launched peer-reviewed scientific research into the impact of GM feed on the health of rats, accompanied by an educational website calling for more regulation and research.”<a id="ref_7_text" href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_7" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">[7</a>] Former SFT staffer <a class="wikilinks" href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/henry-rowlands/#.U6dJTI1dVMk" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Henry Rowlands</a>, now an organic marketing exporter and publisher, hosts and maintains the GMO-Seralini official websites. Seralini is linked to a company called Sevene Pharma, where he is a consultant. The company sells homeopathic remedies. He is also reportedly linked to the ‘Invitation to Life’ cult.</font></p><h2 style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span id="Books" class="mw-headline" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Books</font></span></h2><ul style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 25px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span class="citation book" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Séralini, Gilles-Éric (2004). <a class="external text" href="http://www.amazon.com/Ces-OGM-qui-changent-monde/dp/2080800620/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&qid=1377787758&sr=8-6&keywords=Seralini" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Ces OGM Qui Changent Le Monde</i></a>. <a class="mw-redirect" title="Flammarion Publishing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammarion_Publishing" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Flammarion Publishing</a>. <a title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">ISBN</a> <a title="Special:BookSources/2080800620" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2080800620" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">2080800620</a>.</font></span></li><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><span class="citation book" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Séralini, Gilles-Éric (2006). <a class="external text" href="http://www.amazon.com/Apr%C3%A8s-d%C3%A9luge-Gilles-%C3%89ric-S%C3%A9ralini-Jean-Marie/dp/2082105490/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&qid=1377787913&sr=8-8&keywords=Seralini" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><i style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Après Nous le Déluge?</i></a>. <a class="mw-redirect" title="Flammarion Publishing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammarion_Publishing" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Flammarion Publishing</a>. <a title="International Standard Book Number" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">ISBN</a> <a title="Special:BookSources/2082105490" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2082105490" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">2082105490</a>.</font></span></li></ul><h2 id="toc_criticisms" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Criticisms</font></h2><p style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Seralini’s claims and tactics have been heavily criticized by the regulatory, academic and science watchdog communities. Examples include:</font></p><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/p/criigen.html" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">CRIIGEN evaluation</a>, by David Tribe, GMO Pundit, December 2012.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theconversation.com/genetically-modified-corn-and-cancer-what-does-the-evidence-really-say-9746" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Genetically modified corn and cancer – what does the evidence really say?</a>, by Ashley Ng, The Converation, September 2012.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.science20.com/news_articles/700_researchers_call_gilleseric_seralini_release_gmo_test_data-95574" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">700 Researchers Call On Gilles-Eric Seralini To Release GMO Test Data</a>, Science 2.0, October 2012.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2013/06/10/being-gilles-eric-seralini-inside-the-mind-of-the-anti-gm-movement/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Being Gilles-Eric Seralini: Inside the mind of the anti-GM movement – See more at: http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2013/06/10/being-gilles-eric-seralini-inside-the-mind-of-the-anti-gm-movement/#sthash.RVnii37e.dpuf</a>, by Jon Entine, Genetic Literacy, June 2013.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://academicsreview.org/2012/09/scientists-smell-a-rat-in-fraudulent-study/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Scientists smell a rat in fraudulent study</a>, by Bruce Chassy & Henry Miller, Forbes Magazine, September 2012.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/anti-gm-corn-study-reconsidered-seralini-finally-responds-to-torrent-of-criticism/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Anti-GM corn study reconsidered: Seralini finally responds to torrent of criticism</a>, AEI, November 2012.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.passfail.com/news/forbes/seralini-paper-influences-kenya-ban-of-gmo-imports/seralini-paper-influences-kenya-ban-of-gmo-imports.htm" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Seralini paper influence Kenya ban of GMO imports</a>, by Emily Willingham, Forbes Magazine, December 2012.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://technyou.edu.au/2012/09/seralini-gmo-rats-and-cancer-part-2/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Seralini GMO rats & Cancer</a>, Tech ‘N You, 2013.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://weedcontrolfreaks.com/2012/09/why-i-think-the-seralini-gm-feeding-trial-is-bogus/comment-page-1/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Why I think the Seralini GM feeding trial is bogus</a>, by Andrew Kniss, Control Freaks, September 2012.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/05/29/anti-gmo-scientist-gilles-eric-seralini-activist-jeffrey-smith-withdraw-from-food-biotech-debate/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Anti-GMO Scientist Gilles-Eric Seralini, Activist Jeffrey Smith Withdraw from Food Biotech Debate</a>, by Jon Entine, Forbes Magazine, May 2013</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.dailypaul.com/256135/french-government-anti-monsanto-study-was-so-poorly-conducted-it-harms-the-anti-gmo-movement" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Seralini anti-Monsanto study was so poorly conducted it harms the anti-GMO movement</a>, The Daily Paul, September 2012.</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://skeptico.blogs.com/skeptico/2013/06/the-seralini-rule-gmo-bogus-study.html" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">The Seralini Rule</a>, Skeptico, June 2013. Excerpt: “I have a new rule for debating anti-GMO people: If you favorably cite the 2012 Séralini rats fed on Roundup ready maize study, you just lost the argument…”</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://theprogressivecontrarian.com/2013/05/27/march-against-monsanto-nyc-version/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">March Against Monsanto</a>, The Progressive Contrarian, May 2013. Excerpt: “I mentioned Seralini and Smith were frauds who refuse to publicly debate scientists who want to challenge them…”</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.skepticalraptor.com/skepticalraptorblog.php/science-gmo-safe/" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Science says GMOs are safe</a>, Skeptical Raptor, June 2013. Excerpt: “But be forewarned, if it is junk science, I will call it junk science, like Gilles-Eric Séralini et al.’s paper about GMO corn causing cancer. Except it was poorly designed, utilized bad statistics, and really provided no evidence whatsoever for anything except that Séralini is an incompetent scientist…”</font></li></ul><ul class="listlist" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-position: outside; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px 1em 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 1em; line-height: 22px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://storify.com/vJayByrne/was-seralini-gmo-study-designed-to-generate-negati" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Was Seralini GMO study designed to generate negative outcome</a>, Storify, October 2012.</font></li></ul><h2 id="toc_references" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></h2><ul class="reflink" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-type: none; line-height: 14.3px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li id="ref_1" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; list-style-type: none; display: block; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="refid" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_1_text" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">1</a></span> <span class="reflink" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.criigen.org/SiteEn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=57&Itemid=105" target="blank" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">Gilles Eric Séralini – President of the Scientific Board – Molecular Biology Professor </a>, by HH, CRIIGEN website, November 12, 2008.</span></font></li><li id="ref_2" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; list-style-type: none; display: block; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="refid" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_2_text" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">2</a></span> <span class="reflink" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://gantdaily.com/2013/11/27/is-africa-ready-for-genetically-modified-foods/" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">http://gantdaily.com/2013/11/27/is-africa-ready-for-genetically-modified-foods/</a></span></font></li><li id="ref_3" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; list-style-type: none; display: block; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="refid" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_3_text" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">3</a></span> <span class="reflink" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.journals.elsevier.com/food-and-chemical-toxicology/news/journal-statement/" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">http://www.journals.elsevier.com/food-and-chemical-toxicology/news/journal-statement/</a></span></font></li><li id="ref_4" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; list-style-type: none; display: block; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="refid" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_4_text" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">4</a></span> <span class="reflink" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://mobile.nation.co.ke/business/Study-on-GMOs-withdrawn/-/1950106/2093496/-/format/xhtml/-/lt3pkm/-/index.html" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">http://mobile.nation.co.ke/business/Study-on-GMOs-withdrawn/-/1950106/2093496/-/format/xhtml/-/lt3pkm/-/index.html</a></span></font></li><li id="ref_5" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; list-style-type: none; display: block; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="refid" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_5_text" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">5</a></span> <span class="reflink" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://gmoseralini.org/en/" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">http://gmoseralini.org/en/</a></span></font></li><li id="ref_6" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; list-style-type: none; display: block; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="refid" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_6_text" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">6</a></span> <span class="reflink" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/2012/09/auchan-and-carrefour-financed-criigen.html" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">http://gmopundit.blogspot.com/2012/09/auchan-and-carrefour-financed-criigen.html</a></span></font></li><li id="ref_7" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px; list-style-type: none; display: block; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="refid" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/glp-facts/gilles-eric-sralini/#ref_7_text" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">7</a></span> <span class="reflink" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;"><a href="http://greenhousepr.co.uk/clients/about/sustainable-food-trust/" style="border: 0px none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll transparent;">http://greenhousepr.co.uk/clients/about/sustainable-food-trust/</a></span></font></li></ul></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://topinfopost.com/2014/02/04/scientists-support-retraction-of-the-seralini-gmo-study-the-petition-to-reinstate-it-is-misleading-and-contradictory</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">sustainable pulse? bs?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512005637" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Seralini study that is memorialized by those pictures of rats with huge tumors</a> now has a <a href="http://endsciencecensorship.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">petition online calling for reinstatement</a> of the retraction by Elsevier’s <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i> journal. <a href="http://topinfopost.com/2014/02/01/scientists-and-biosafety-experts-condemning-the-retraction-of-gmo-rat-tumor-study" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And there is an article written around the petition claiming that experts are up in arms, calling for reinstatement</a>. This petition web site is registered to <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/pub/henry-rowlands/b/4b/943" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Henry Rowlands</a>, who claims to be director of <a href="http://sustainablepulse.com/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sustainable Pulse</a>, a site dedicated to anti-GMO activism. Mr. Rowlands, who lives in Bulgaria, lists his profession as Media Production.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The petition misleads with statements bordering on outright lies. </b>For instance:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<a href="http://www.endsciencecensorship.org/en/page/retraction-why-rats#.Uu_yQ7S3Ty4" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">While critics of Séralini’s study claim that the Sprague-Dawley is an unusually tumour-prone strain of rat, in fact it is about as prone to developing tumours as humans living in industrialized countries</a>.” (All of these were copied Feb 3, 2014)</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Sprague Dawley rat develops tumors at very high rates when allowed to eat an unrestricted diet <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">without exposure to carcinogens</i>. Those rates range from <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512008022" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">45% (male) and 70% (female)</a> on <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007995" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">up to 95%</a>. It is true that the overall human lifetime rate of cancer in the general population is <a href="http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/lifetime-probability-of-developing-or-dying-from-cancer" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">45% for males (a rough 1 in 2 risk) and 38% for females ( a rough 1 in 3 risk)</a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">but that is while exposed to carcinogens</i>. Smoking, for instance, raises risk of lung cancer by 10-20 times. When various known risk factors are removed, total cancer risk drops by as much as half or more, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventist_Health_Studies" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">as seen in Seventh Day Adventists</a>. So while the Sprague-Dawley rat is a useful model, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">representing it to laymen as if those rats replicated normal human cancer is essentially lying</i>. It’s just not true.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another misleading petition claim:</font></b></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<a href="http://www.endsciencecensorship.org/en/page/retraction-study-design#.Uu_7hbS3Ty4" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The study was the first and only investigation of the long-term effects of this variety of GM maize (called NK603), grown with and without the pesticide Roundup, which the maize is engineered to tolerate during cultivation</a>.”</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is like saying, “My article is the first and only article covering George Clooney white-water rafting on the American River.” News flash. George Clooney likes white-water rafting even though there is no article on George Clooney on the American River. Similarly, the Seralini paper failed to mention other similar studies which have relevance,<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691511006399" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">including a major review by Snell, et al in the exact journal in which this paper appeared</a>. Making the above claim gives a layman (and a scientist who doesn’t bother to spend hours on it) the impression that Seralini and friends broke new ground nobody had looked at before. Reality is, this study came late. It makes representations that contradict all the previous evidence. If you want to do that, fine. But you better have serious evidence.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What evidence against Seralini was around before he was published?</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> “<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691511006399" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The aim of this systematic review was to collect data concerning the effects of diets containing GM maize, potato, soybean, rice, or triticale on animal health. We examined 12 long-term studies (of more than 90 days, up to 2 years in duration) and 12 multigenerational studies (from 2 to 5 generations). The studies reviewed present evidence to show that GM plants are nutritionally equivalent to their non-GM counterparts and can be safely used in food and feed.</a>” – Snell, et al. 2013</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The petition makes much of how the Seralini paper wasn’t about cancer but presented toxicity and there were other toxicity effects in pathology</b>. No. The Seralini paper presented tumors and various elements of pathology as evidence of toxicity, and specifically the toxicity of GMOs. The petition says so.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The petition contradicts itself.</b> First, it says:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<a href="http://www.endsciencecensorship.org/en/page/Statement#.UvAyf7S3Ty4" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">It is unjustifiable to retract an entire paper because it contains some “inconclusive” findings. Conclusive findings are rare in science.</a>”</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Then it says:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<a href="http://www.endsciencecensorship.org/en/page/Statement#.UvAyf7S3Ty4" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The study found severe organ damage, particularly to the liver, kidneys and pituitary gland, in rats fed the GM maize and/or low levels of Roundup in their diet. Additional unexpected observations were higher rates of large palpable tumours and mortality in most treatment groups</i>.</a>”</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Then it flips back again:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<a href="http://www.endsciencecensorship.org/en/page/Statement#.UvAyf7S3Ty4" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The authors do not claim that the GM maize NK603 and/or Roundup herbicide have a “definitive link” to “cancer”. Moreover, the authors specify in their introduction that the study is not a carcinogenicity study</i>.</a>”</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pardon me. What? That is, in terms of logic, just gibberish. Make up your mind Henry. Is the study inconclusive, or did the study show what it claims? Or were you hired by Seralini?</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The petition claims that the review process that led to retraction was not transparent</strong>. Rubbish. The review process was open in the journal, visible in letters to the editor – many of them. Many of those letters are linked to below in the appendix to this article. They are devastating.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">While the review process for retraction was as open as it could be, Seralini wasn’t.</em> Seralini still refuses to share his raw data with other scientists. He sent something to Elsevier when the editor of the journal requested it. But that hasn’t been released for general consumption. I can only presume that Seralini instructed Elsevier not to do so. You figure that out.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">So what is wrong with Seralini’s paper?</b> It has that picture of rats with huge tumors! What did Seralini do wrong?!</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1.</strong> <a href="http://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-molecular-and-cellular-cardiology/0022-2828/guide-for-authors" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Seralini, et al skated the edge of Elsevier’s policy which says that scientists will make all data available</a>. Sure, not everyone does. I’ve even gotten a review back that complained that it was crazy to expect a reviewer to go through hundreds of pages of supplemental data. Summaries have their place. But when other scientists ask to see your stuff? Not letting them see it is beyond uncool. That’s like <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/taleyarkhan-bubble-fusion-misconduct/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">the cold fusion guy who responded to questions by refusing to share his data</a>. For that alone Elsevier had grounds to retract the paper. Yes, Seralini did supply it when the journal asked for it. If he hadn’t that would have been grounds for retraction right there. But don’t you think it is curious that his data has not been shared openly. <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline;">Why not?</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2.</strong> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Seralini, et al, failed to disclose a big conflict of interest</a>. The major funder of the study was <a href="http://www.criigen.org/SiteEn/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CRIIGEN.org</a>. This is a web site registered to Gilles-Eric Seralini himself. He is the apparent founder of the organization. Perusal of the site shows that it has an anti-GMO agenda. Certainly, there are private foundations that fund such research, and that is fine. But getting funded by the organization that you started and appear to run? Getting funded by that organization when it has a clearly biased position on what you are studying? That’s like a lawyer failing to mention that he is being paid by your opponent. That’s like failing to mention that your study was funded by Monsanto and you are CEO of Monsanto – but in reverse. <a href="http://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-molecular-and-cellular-cardiology/0022-2828/guide-for-authors" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And it is a violation of Elsevier policy on conflict of interest</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3.</strong> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Seralini, et al, violated laboratory standards on animal cruelty</a>. Allowing tumors to get that large and ulcerated is not considered ethical. Based on what is reported in the article it probably violated French law. There is no reason to allow animals with tumors to go on so long without euthanasia. You have the same data whether you euthanize them or not. There are only two plausible reasons to not euthanize the animals that are apparent: A.) Seralini, et al, wanted to produce a photo that would go viral and place it in a scientific publication. It has. Good for him – if his job was in advertising. B.) Seralini, et al, hoped for organ failures to occur secondary to the tumors or due to aging, in order to skew their results. Either way, that’s not science. That’s propaganda. Minor cleverness, but not science.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4. </strong><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The histopathology was so poor it appears to be incompetent</a>. At least 11 serious types of errors were obvious in the article and some specific. For instance, in specific, it named a tumor two different things, and incorrectly attributed the tumor. That incorrect analysis was made much of, and yet in reality it simply proved there is no relationship. (Read the linked criticism for more depth.) The article does not make clear who did the pathology. The pathology is not clearly laid out, but scientifically useless pictures of animals and tumors are shown. <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is a very serious problem for the article since the core of it is pathology</i>. <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline;">So why?</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I’ve done a bit of pathology myself. (And I was pressured to say that results showed X when they didn’t. Cost me, big time, when I didn’t bend – lost a job over it. Professors can be very nasty people, and some put agreement with them above truth.) Usually slides are kept, and photos of the slides, and there is often excess material left in lab freezers. Sure, sometimes, if samples are small, you have to use it all. But that would not be the case in this study. And yes, his lab can say, “Oh, we disposed of it.” But, put this problem together with the others and you may see a pattern emerging.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5.</strong> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007909" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Apparently, Seralini, et al, are incompetent at statistics</a>. The small number of animals per group, even with the poor to incompetent pathology work, shows nothing meaningful. A different critique than the above link says:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> “<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007958" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When I looked at Seralini’s data in table 2 it looked like random numbers to me. So I took a random numbers table that had numbers from 0 to 9 in blocks of five. Assuming a final rodent total of 50% with tumours, the numbers 0–4, I considered a rodent with tumours randomly, 5–9 a rodent without tumours. Placing them in blocks of 10 as Seralini did, I got the following as rodents with tumours for each group of 10; 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 3, 1, 3, 6, 6, 3, 5, 7, 6, 4, 8, 6, 5, 5. Note largest variation is 8-fold, if I had gone to progressively larger numbers then after several hundred many numbers but not all would be 5 and if Seralini et al. had chosen his control group inadvertently as 3 in the figures above (4 in 20 chance of doing do) then variation is nearly 3-fold (3 from 8). All predictable from statistics but there are none in this paper.</a>”</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yet another critique nails it. Take a look at the table in the link.</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007946" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There is no evidence that mortality to the end of the experiment was significantly different in the groups of rats fed either the GMO, GMO + R or when R was administered in the drinking water at three different levels. The claim by the authors that “In females, all treated groups died 2–3 times more than controls, and more rapidly” is not true (allowing for the poor English). I have not yet studied the rest of the paper in detail as the errors noted above alone are sufficient to make the paper unfit for publication.</a>”</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6. </strong>Seralini has produced rubbish studies before.</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 30px 64px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 28.8px; width: 512px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007910" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Similar feeding studies conducted by Séralini in the past have been found to be deficient in their analysis by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), as well as the Public Research and Regulation Initiative (PRRI)</a>.”</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Etcetera. There’s more. But this is more than enough.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Seralini’s group caused needless pain and suffering to animals and proved nothing at all.</strong> The study’s results are no more significant than random numbers selected from a phone book. Actually, this paper is <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">less</i> meaningful than random numbers because the numbers in the study were produced by work that in its most charitable analysis is slipshod or incompetent. To me, it reeks. There is absolutely no reason to be sympathetic to Seralini over this. None.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/our-failing-food-system/genetic-engineering/" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Are there reasons to be concerned about specific GMOs?</a></strong> Yes. There are.UCS goes a bit farther than I do, but I agree that the way GMOs have been used in agriculture promotes problematic approaches to farming.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The existence of Roundup Ready crops has resulted in near eradication of milkweed from much of the midwest. So there is a connection between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundup%28herbicide%29" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Roundup (glyphosate)</a> and monarch butterflies.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00196.x/abstract" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">We estimate that there has been a 58% decline in milkweeds on the Midwest landscape and an 81% decline in monarch production in the Midwest from 1999 to 2010. Monarch production in the Midwest each year was positively correlated with the size of the subsequent overwintering population in Mexico. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that a loss of agricultural milkweeds is a major contributor to the decline in the monarch population.</font></a></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There is the possibility that Bt corn may affect monarch butterfly life cycle or reproduction. But so far, levels of Bt from corn plants does not appear to be high enough to matter. <a href="http://topinfopost.com/2014/02/04/wsfcs.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/NC01001395/Centricity/Domain/123/Environmental%20Effects%20of%20Genetically%20Modified%20Food%20Crops.doc" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The PNAS study showing Bt pollen could kill monarch larvae was not supported by work in the field, since that variety of corn with high Bt levels was not planted much and those that are don’t kill larvae</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Using more and more herbicides on fields because crops can tolerate them creates ecological problems of sustainability. But I am greatly troubled by the way that organizations like Greenpeace have attacked any and all GMO agriculture, from beta-carotene rice (golden rice) to FlavrSavr tomatoes. That has frozen out creation of orange trees that won’t get <a href="http://www.saveourcitrus.org/index.php/citrus-greening" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">citrus greening</a>. We know how to stop it. That’s not a question. Plant immune systems use RNAi (interfering RNA) to control disease. But the RNAi gene has to be in the plant. We could do that, but then the tree is a GMO, even though it has no effect at all on anything except the disease. That’s crazy.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scientists in general don’t have any problem blowing the whistle when it’s needed. But garbage science like Seralini has put out don’t help. In fact, they do the opposite, because when you cry wolf and you faked it, that undermines it for the time when it really does matter.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Appendix: List of published scientific criticism of Seralini, et al.</font></em></b></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The single most complete criticism published is probably that of <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007946" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sanders, Kamoun, Williams and Festing</a>. Together with the critique of <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Erio Barale-Thomas</a>, the criticism is devastating. Any reputable scientist would withdraw the paper on the basis of either set of criticisms.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Kevin Folta </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691514000052" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the Editor</b></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Available online 3 January 2014</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691514000052/pdfft?md5=f65bae9c0f28f96946885d0378c3e8ec&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691514000052-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PDF (165 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lúcia de Souza, Leila Macedo Oda <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512008022" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the editor</b></a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>,<i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Page 440 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512008022/pdfft?md5=50098ebb83afdaa34187a719e9b4de7b&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512008022-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; 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border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pages 443-444 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007995/pdfft?md5=2f14e36fb272284f72ba9921a5aad698&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007995-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (140 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Colin Berry <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007983" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the editor</b></a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>,<i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pages 445-446 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007983/pdfft?md5=a9e1f2c21fc0f366e100c968ccce083b&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007983-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (127 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anthony Trewavas <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007958" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the editor</b></a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>,<i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Page 449 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007958/pdfft?md5=a2699d4c421312ef9e3278bc0175f7cc&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007958-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (131 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dale Sanders, Sophien Kamoun, Bella Williams, Michael Festing <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007946" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the editor</b></a><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pages 450-453 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007946/pdfft?md5=9c38776d77e83faa5ad01c9881d030fd&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007946-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (152 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007922" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the editor</b></a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pages 455-456 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007922/pdfft?md5=94ad4fc6338b07d742ccabb7287d5c28&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007922-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (133 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mark Tester <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007910" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the Editor</b></a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Page 457 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007910/pdfft?md5=d8bc846e0fa65feeb8d28582157d965b&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007910-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (124 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Louis Ollivier <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007909" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A Comment on “Séralini, G.-E., et al., Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Food Chem. Toxicol. (2012),” http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.005</b></a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>,<i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Page 458 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007909/pdfft?md5=ff65bc006c1ec39da8f08ec17fc322d8&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007909-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (134 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frederic Schorsch <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007880" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Serious inadequacies regarding the pathology data presented in the paper by Séralini et al. (2012)</b></a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pages 465-466 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007880/pdfft?md5=a2e3eda03b0743d869457e54809e5a03&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007880-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (142 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">David Tribe</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007879" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the editor</b></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Volume 53</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">March 2013</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,</span><i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Pages 467-472 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007879/pdfft?md5=43d77861568ba6fcc8f51c410967df5a&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007879-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PDF (178 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Erio Barale-Thomas <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Letter to the editor</b></a> <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Food and Chemical Toxicology</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Volume 53</i>,<i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">March 2013</i>, <i style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pages 473-474 </i><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691512007867/pdfft?md5=0a2a35bd0767197235fbf0f5925a91c4&pid=1-s2.0-S0278691512007867-main.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PDF (145 K)</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Author Bio:</font></b></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 25.6px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Brian Hanley</strong> has a</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="http://www.mendeley.com/profiles/brian-p-hanley/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">range of papers in biosciences, economics, and policy and publications on terrorism through West Point</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He obtained his PhD in microbiology with honors from</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> UC Davis</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, has a bachelors degree in computer science, is a multiple entrepreneur and guest lectured for years to the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> MBA program at Santa Clara University.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> He is the author of the book,</span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Radiation-Exposure-treatment-modern-handbook-ebook/dp/B00D7KLQYY" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Radiation – Exposure and Its Treatment</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">available on<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Amazon</strong>.</span></font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is embarking on a<a href="http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">comprehensive study</a> of genetically engineered (GE) crops. <a href="http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/2014/06/05/study-statement-of-task/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">It will examine</a> the historic development of agricultural biotechnology, assess the “purported” benefits and negatives of GE crops, review food and environmental safety issues, and explore where the technology may be headed.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What is prompting such a deep dive into a thorny thicket? <a href="http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/2014/06/05/faq-on-the-study/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">This</a>:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 1em 40px; padding: 15px 15px 1px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Consumers in the United States and abroad get conflicting information about GE crops. Proponents tout the benefits while opponents emphasize the risks. There is a need for an independent, objective study that examines what has been learned about GE crops, assesses whether initial concerns and promises were realized since their introduction, and investigates new concerns and recent claims.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It so happens that the <a href="http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/2014/07/16/first-public-meeting-september-15-16-2014/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">first public meeting</a> for this study will be held today and tomorrow. More on this in a minute.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">First, let’s review essential findings on crop biotechnology and related food safety concerns from the past decade.<span id="more-13767" /></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2004, an NAS <a href="http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309092094" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">report</a> declared:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 1em 40px; padding: 15px 15px 1px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To date, more than 98 million acres of genetically modified crops have been grown worldwide. No evidence of human health problems associated with these ingredients of these crops or resulting food products have been identified.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(As of last year, that <a href="http://isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/16/default.asp" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">cumulative total</a> stood at 4 billion acres.)</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2008, a <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2408621/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">paper</a> published in the UK’s Royal Society of Medicine noted:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 1em 40px; padding: 15px 15px 1px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Foods derived from GM crops have been consumed by hundreds of millions of people across the world for more than 15 years, with no reported ill effects (or legal cases related to human health), despite many of the consumers comring from that most litigious of countries, the USA.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2010, the European Union <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/research/biosociety/pdf/a_decade_of_eu-funded_gmo_research.pdf" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">declared</a>:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 1em 40px; padding: 15px 15px 1px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The main conclusion to be drawn from the efforts of more than 130 research projects, covering a period of more than 25 years of research, and involving more than 500 independent research groups, is that that biotechnology, and in particular, GMOs, are no more risky than e.g. conventional plant breeding technologies.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Finally, the World Health Organization (WHO) <a href="http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/food-technology/faq-geneically-modified-food/en/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">states</a>:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 1em 40px; padding: 15px 15px 1px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GM foods currently available on the international market have passed safety assessments and are not likely to present risks for human health. In addition, no effects on human health have been shown as a result of the consumption of such foods by the general population in the countries where they have been approved.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I know, I know, <a href="http://www.axismundionline.com/blog/the-new-is-gm-food-safe-meme/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">all these</a> scientific institutions, professional societies and health bodies are bought off by Monsanto.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Seriously, back to the NAS <a href="http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">study</a> now underway. Remember, the justification for it is that “the public gets conflicting information about GE crops.” Yet, as I showed above, there is nothing ambiguous about the safety of GMOs. This is not to say that agricultural biotechnology doesn’t warrant strict regulation, monitoring, and continued testing. But let’s be clear: Thus far, nothing in the global food supply derived from genetically modified crops has been found harmful to public health.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So where is “conflicting information” coming from? Unfortunately, much skewed information on GMOs comes from thought leaders, advocacy journalists, and public interest groups, as I discussed in <a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2012/09/are_gmo_foods_safe_opponents_are_skewing_the_science_to_scare_people.html" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">this 2012 <em>Slate</em> piece</a>. And it will be on display at this week’s NAS public meeting. For a virtual <em>who’s who</em> of cranks, pseudoscientists and ideologues–the worker bees and stars on<em> </em>the anti-GMO circuit–will be <a href="http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/files/2014/07/GE-Crops-Agenda-Public-Sessions-1.pdf" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">appearing before the committee</a> (Reputable scientists and science communicators will also be represented.) I don’t have time to run through them all, but two notorious individuals (who should be familiar to anyone vaguely familiar with the GMO discourse) are giving their presentations back to back on Tuesday: Jeffrey Smith and Gilles-Éric Séralini.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Smith is the author of two self-published books on GMOs– <em>Seeds of Deception</em> and <em>Genetic Roulette. </em>He <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_M.Smith" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">appears</a> to have no scientific credentials. I’ve <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/collideascape/2013/05/14/leaky-brains-and-gmos/#.VBZhICgwL18" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">discussed</a> Smith several times in this space, including <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/collideascape/2014/01/30/stop-legitimizing-loony-anti-gmo-voices/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">here</a>. He’s made two appearances on the Dr. Oz show. One of them was a segment called, “GMO Foods: Are They Dangerous to Your Health?” As Michael Specter <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/02/04/the-operator" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">recounts</a> in <em>The New Yorker</em>:</font></p><blockquote style="margin: 1em 40px; padding: 15px 15px 1px; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); background: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oz was not subtle. “You’re probably eating them right now and don’t even know,” he began, darkly invoking “the brave new world of food. Are they safe?” Oz then introduced Jeffrey Smith, the author of “Genetic Roulette,” who says that engineered foods may cause many serious diseases, including colitis, asthma, and cancer. Smith has also made a film version of the book; Oz, for the sake of full disclosure, noted that “my wife, Lisa, was a narrator in Jeffrey’s film.” He added that no scientists were willing to share the stage with Smith. “So today we are doing something we have never done before,” Oz said. “After Jeffrey makes his points, he has to leave the stage before we can speak with the scientists in favor of genetically modified foods.” Other than to say that Smith was controversial, Oz did not indicate why no scientists would appear with him.</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Smith is just a fear-mongering messenger indulged by the likes of Dr. Oz. Séralini is a French researcher who published a<a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2012/09/21/under-controlled-why-the-new-gmo-panic-is-more-sensational-than-sense/#.VBZY6SgwL18" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">deeply flawed</a> (and ultimately retracted) study on GMO corn-fed rats and <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2012/09/21/from-darwinius-to-gmos-journalists-should-not-let-themselves-be-played/#.VBZYsigwL18" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">manipulated</a> the media’s initial coverage of it. (<a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/06/24/zombie-retracted-seralini-gmo-maize-rat-study-republished-to-hostile-scientist-reactions/" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">This is the zombie paper</a> that will not die.) Having Séralini give expert testimony at a scientific panel on GMOs is like having <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" target="blank" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">Andrew Wakefield</a> present evidence at a similar panel on vaccine safety.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But hey, if the goal of the NAS committee is to discern nonsense from actual facts on genetically modified crops, then I suppose it is helpful to hear straight from the sources who have most succeeded in distorting the science of biotechnology and confusing the public about GMOs.</font></p><div style="clear: both; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="categories" style="text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="more-about">CATEGORIZED UNDER: </span><a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=agriculture" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">AGRICULTURE</a>, <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=biotechnology" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">BIOTECHNOLOGY</a>, <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=gmos" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">GMOS</a>, <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=science" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">SCIENCE</a></font></div><div class="categories" style="text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="more-about">MORE ABOUT: </span><a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=agriculture" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">AGRICULTURE</a>, <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=biotechnology" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">BIOTECHNOLOGY</a>, <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=food+security" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">FOOD SECURITY</a>, <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=gilles-%E3%89ric+s%E3%A9ralini" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">GILLES-ÉRIC SÉRALINI</a>, <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=gmos" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">GMOS</a>,<a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=jeffrey+smith" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">JEFFREY SMITH</a>, <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/tags/?tag=national+academy+of+sciences" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;">NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES</a></font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div></div></div>