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C. Boyden Gray

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SEE TWO

cbg tag 7/18

PROJECT 2025?!

NO MERRI

jeez he's everywhere, poster boy? for ? created modern rw scotus?!

no scandals, never busted? mere longevity?

he's a hub and wears many hats, serves on many boards on orgs, plethora of fronts

idea for and funded JG HCRA

engineered Cl Thomas scotus, anita hill hit (brock), also roberts and alito?

ROGER STONE? TP?

WAlker

capt 11/16 bkupnew GRAY CB 2

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10466QYUY1oL5pyUg9XQBehtQ3N_5nAqih_88EhpULBk/edit

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old whores and buildings:

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http://www.prwatch.org/news/2016/06/13118/schimel-rule-of-law-project-complaint

Back in October 2014, Republican Wisconsin attorney general candidate Brad Schimel was neck in neck with Susan Happ when a mysterious dark money group, with the phony name "Rule of Law Project," dropped into the race with a huge ad buy backing Schimel.

Now it appears the Rule of Law Project (ROLP) may have broken a few laws in its eagerness to elect an attorney general of its choosing. Yesterday, the Center for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed a formal complaint with the U.S. Department of Justice, the FBI and the IRS urging an investigation and alleging that the dark money group made false representations to the IRS.

The complaint also sheds some light on who might be bankrolling the phony issue-ad group.

Watchdog Group Files Complaint with FBI and U.S. Department of Justice

The Center for Media and Democracy was the first to link the group to the Washington D.C. law firm ofBoyden Gray and Associates. A founder of the Federalist Society and former White House Counsel, Gray is the chief architect of the 40-year attack on regulations protecting public health and the environment. Gray's firm has been representing a big business and dirty power companies in the fight against President Obama's Clean Power Plan, which if implemented, would reduce greenhouse gases by up to 32 percent in 2030.

ROLP ads applauded Schimel for saying he would join other Republican attorneys general in suing the EPA to stop the Clean Power Plan.

CREW alleges that ROLP violated the law when it spent nearly $200,000 on political ads in backing Schimel, but later told the IRS that it did not engage in any political activity in 2014. CREW asserts that "501(c)(4) social welfare non-profits are allowed to make political expenditures as long as they disclose all political spending to the IRS, but ROLP failed to meet this simple standard."

"The disastrous Citizens United decision opened up the floodgates for dark money groups to spend on politics," CREW Executive Director Noah Bookbinder said. "But there are still some limits to the amount of spending and secrecy these groups are permitted—and too many brazenly ignore these modest limits." The CREW complaint can be found here.

The organization's 2014 tax filings obtained by CREW and a fact sheet accompanying the complaint shed more light on the mystery group. From the fact sheet:

CREW did not nail down the ultimate source of the funds used for the ads, but followed the fingerprints on various IRS tax filings to the Judicial Crisis Network and the Wellspring Committee.The Federalist Society's Leonard Leo is a founder of the Judicial Crisis Network, a dark money issue-ad group tied to the Wellspring Committee. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, Wellspring is "little more than [a] UPS mailbox," and was created to hide the identity of donors who may be individuals or special interests and discredited industries who want to cloak their agenda in anonymity.

If dark money groups have a dark arts leader it isSean Noble of the Center to Protect Patient Rights (CPPR).

Noblewas implicated in a multi-million dollar campaign money laundering operation in California in 2012 designed to hide the out-of-state money flooding into a California referendum campaign. The state of California demanded to know who donated $11 million to a group called the Small Business Action Committee (SBAC), which received the money from a non-profit called Americans for Responsible Leadership (ARL). It took a court order to get ARL to reveal that almost all of its money came from CPPR. As part of a legal settlement, ARL and CPPR were fined $1 million and ordered to disgorge the $15 million that was spent in the state. It was only later revealed that CPPR was largely bankrolled by the Kochs' Freedom Partners operation.

CPPR also gave money to Wisconsin Club for Growth during the time period that Wisconsin prosecutors allege that the Club was involved in a high-dollar coordinated campaign to aid Wisconsin Senators and Governor Scott Walker as they faced recall elections in 2011-2012.

As CMD previously reported, DCI Group is a DC-based public relations and lobbying firm, with a client base that has included big tobacco, the Koch-funded Americans for Prosperity, and several foreign governments with appalling human rights records. DCI works with the coal industry trade association, the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity (ACCCE), and was recently subpoenaed by the state attorneys general investigating Exxon Mobile’s long-term funding of climate change denial.

The bizarre addition of William Kristol to the board of a dark money group, might be a tactic to provide the organization with some cover to yell "free speech" if the propriety or legality of their activities are challenged.

Schimel Goes to Bat for Polluters...

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http://andy-kroll.com/home/2017/4/28/clean-up-on-aisle-trump-a-profile-of-the-presidents-top-lawyer

Clean Up on Aisle Trump

White House counsel Don McGahn has the hardest job in Washington: keeping the president on the right side of the law.

Mother Jones | May/June 2017

IN EARLY MARCH, a procession of lawyers in boxy suits and overcoats crowded into a chandeliered dining room at Tony Cheng's in Washington, DC's Chinatown. Justice Department attorneys passed heaping plates of beef with broccoli and spring rolls to corporate law firm partners and think tank fellows in bow ties. A sign taped to the restaurant's entrance announced the event was sold out, and regulars of the Federalist Society's monthly luncheon marveled at the turnout. The featured guest was Donald F. McGahn II, who had recently ascended to one of Washington's most influential legal perches, White House counsel.

After the fortune cookies were distributed, C. Boyden Gray, a former White House counsel to George H.W. Bush and a Federalist Society board member, approached the microphone. McGahn was stuck at the White House dealing with a "pressing matter," he informed the disappointed audience. Gray didn't elaborate. He didn't need to: The night before, the Washington Post had revealed that Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who had told the Senate that he had no contact with Russian officials during the presidential campaign, had in fact met twice with Russia's ambassador.

Hours after the Federalist Society luncheon let out, Sessions recused himself from ongoing investigations into ties between the Trump campaign and Russia. President Donald Trump spent the next day fuming at his staff—particularly McGahn, who had to explain to the incensed commander in chief that Sessions' recusal was the AG's decision alone. Early the next morning, Trump rattled off a series of tweets accusing Barack Obama of wiretapping Trump Tower during the presidential campaign. McGahn was soon on a plane to Mar-a-Lago; his surreal task was to figure out how the administration might retroactively prove an explosive allegation that Trump had tossed out without evidence.

As the top legal adviser to the president, the White House counsel is one of the most vital positions in any administration. The counsel vets executive orders and nominees, reviews the legal aspects of national security matters, and monitors compliance with federal ethics laws. Rarely does an order or a memo leave the White House without the counsel's sign-off. Gray says that during his time as counsel, his office received four times more paperwork than any other White House department. (This was before email.) A former Obama White House counsel told me, "People used to say to me, 'You and the chief of staff are the only two people who really touch everything.'"

Above all, the White House counsel's role is to keep the president out of trouble, legal or otherwise. With Trump, that's a Herculean task. McGahn has represented scandal-plagued Republicans—Tom DeLay was a client—but the controversy and chaos engulfing the Trump White House are another order of magnitude. McGahn represents the most conflict-ridden commander in chief in the nation's history. He has spent his short time in the White House constantly rushing to put out fires.

Click here to continue reading...

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created run by rao OIRA[adam White Director

The C. Boyden Gray Center for the Study of the Administrative State](https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.nslj.org/pdfs/NSLJ_Vol1_Iss1_Spring2013.pdf+Office+of+Information+and+Regulatory+Affairs,+the+federal+government%E2%80%99s+veritable+nerve+center+for+regulatory+review,+Neomi+Rao&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4peW-z4HcAhVERa0KHetIBHgQHwhJMAM)

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bs

Mr. Gray worked in the White House for twelve years, first as counsel to the Vice President during the Reagan administration and then as White House Counsel to President George H.W. Bush. In this capacity, he was counsel to the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief, and was**instrumental in the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and the Energy Policy Act of 1992, as well as the development of a cap-and-trade system for acid rain emissions**. In 1993, he received the Presidential Citizens Medal. Under President George W. Bush, Mr. Gray was U.S. Ambassador to the European Union and U.S. Special Envoy to Europe for Eurasian Energy.

[elsewhere ref to congr testimony and dep schmidtz sp

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1992

-:(style="background-color:#ffffffff"):}:**Oct. 24**:{ - President Bush signs the :(style="background-color:#ffffffff"):}:**Energy Policy Act of 1992**:{, which, among other things, forces utilities to allow upstart power marketers like Enron access to the utilities' transmission grids.:(style="background-color:#ffffffff"):}::{ Enron lobbied heavily for this provision, :(style="background-color:#ffff66ff"):}::{which allowed it to gain a foothold in wholesale markets. The law paves the way for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's 1996 Order 888.

http://www.citizen.org/cmep/article_redirect.cfm?ID=7101

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aka signed by b1

Coal Industry Retiree Health Benefit Act of 1992

The **Energy Policy Act** (102nd Congress H.R.776.ENR, abbreviated as EPACT92) is aUnited States government act. It was passed by Congress and set goals, created mandates, and amended utility laws to increase clean energy use and improve overall energy efficiency in the United States. The Act consists of twenty-seven titles detailing various measures designed to lessen the nation's dependence on imported energy, provide incentives for clean and renewable energy, and promote energy conservation in buildings.

It reformed the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 and amended the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, broadening the range of resource choices for utility companies and outlined new rate-making standards.

Contents

  [hide] 

The titles

The act addressed:

and other issues.[1]

Among the provisions of Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992 is Section 801, which directed the United States Environmental Protection Agency to promulgate radiation protection standards for the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository, which had been designated by the Federal government to serve as the permanent disposal site for used nuclear fuel and other radioactive materials from commercial nuclear power plants and U.S. Department of Defense activities.

The EPAct directed the federal government to decrease energy consumption in federal buildings when feasible, and to integrate the use of alternative fuel vehicles in federal and state fleets. Title XXII in the EPAct authorized tax incentives and marketing strategies for renewable energy technologies in an effort to encourage commercial sales and production.

Title I established a comprehensive energy efficiency program that included incentives for energy conservation in buildings and created efficiency standards for appliances.

There are separate sections dedicated to coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy detailing clean energy incentives, research & development strategies, conservation goals, and responsible management practices.

TITLE III--Alternative Fuels

Title III of the 1992 Energy Policy Act addresses alternative fuels. It gave the U.S. Department of Energy administrative power to regulate the minimum number of light duty alternative fuel vehicles required in certain federal fleets beginning in fiscal year 1993. Title III includes:

TITLE VI--Electric Motor Vehicles

The United States Department of Energy, which has EPACT92 implementation authority, ruled that diesel-electric or gasoline-electric hybrids are not "alternative fuel vehicles." [2]

Energy Efficiency Provisions

Amendment of prior energy acts

The Act amended the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 to help small utility companies stay competitive with larger utilities. It amended parts of the Federal Power Act of 1935 (Title VII). It also amended the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 and broadened the range of resource choices for utility companies and outlined new rate-making standards.

Impact

EPACT92 was far reaching in the impacting electric power deregulation, building codes and new energy efficient products.

The act was also responsible for the mandate of low flush toilets and outlawing the installation of toilets that flushed more than 1.6 gallons (6 liters) of water.

See also

References

  1. :{Jump up:(style="-webkit-user-select:none;top:-99999px;clip:rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);overflow:hidden;position:absolute !important;padding:0px !important;border:0px !important;height:1px !important;width:1px !important"):}:^ "Senate passage of H.R. 6" (PDF). US Government Printing office. 28 Jun 2005. Retrieved 12 Apr 2014.
  2. :{Jump up:(style="-webkit-user-select:none;top:-99999px;clip:rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);overflow:hidden;position:absolute !important;padding:0px !important;border:0px !important;height:1px !important;width:1px !important"):}:^ http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/alternate/page/datatables/atf14-20_05.html

External links

Categories: 

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ark pjt Hunt of Pres 3 mentions

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not dead yet; plum ambassador b2

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304765304577480451892603234

Why Dodd-Frank Is Unconstitutional

The financial regulations signed into law in 2010 do not honor checks and balances. They eliminate them.

By C. BOYDEN GRAY AND JIM R. PURCELL

June 21, 2012 6:41 p.m. ET

When President Obama signed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act into law nearly two years ago, he stated that "our financial system only works—our market is only free—when there are clear rules and basic safeguards that prevent abuse, that check excess, that ensure that it is more profitable to play by the rules than to game the system.

We completely agree. Which is why we filed a lawsuit on Thursday asking a federal court to declare that two parts of Dodd-Frank violate a bedrock rule of law: the Constitution's separation of powers, which the Founders designed specifically to limit the growth of government...

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http://www.prwatch.org/news/2014/10/12649/dirty-energy-barons-go-bat-wi-ag-candidate-schimel

Wisconsin AG Candidate Brad Schimel has said he wants to sue the EPA to stop new rules limiting coal fired emissions, citing "federal overreach."

Now those who want him to do that are pouring on cash. With polls showing Schimel and his challenger Susan Happ neck and neck, new ads have popped up in Wisconsin from a mystery group called the "Rule of Law Project".

The ads specifically laud Schimel for asserting that he would sue the EPA over the emissions standards.

The ad buy is likely to be large, $180,000 in Green Bay alone.

The ads credit an unknown group called "TheRule of Law Project." The gentleman listed on the ad buy as the group's treasurer is Adam J. White. Mr. White an attorney for the law firm ofBoyden Gray and Associates, whose chief counsel is former White House counsel to George H.W. Bush and C. Boyden Gray. The address on the ad buy is the same address as Boyden Gray and Associates.

A key founder of the Federalist Society and a current board member, C. Boyden Gray is the chief architect of the 30 year attack on regulations protecting public health and the environment. As science shows increasingly alarming signs that catastrophic climate change is around the corner, Gray's firm represents clients like First Energy Corp., one of America's top polluters according to a UMass Amherst study.

As our Sourcewatch profile documents, Gray has long been tied to the Koch Brothers' anti-regulatory crusades going back decades to when Gray served as the Co-Chairman for Citizens for a Sound Economy which would later split to become Freedomworks and Americans for Prosperity. Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE) was a powerful industry-funded think tank, promoting deregulation of all stripes

While on the board for Citizens for Sound Economy, Gray worked with Charles and David Koch. He continues to serve on the board of FreedomWorks and continues to represent the fossil fuel industry in cases against the EPA. Including a failed effort to represented several states challenging EPA's greenhouse gas permits in the Supreme Court.

ALEC Has Urged State AGs to Sue the EPA

And naturally ALEC has a role in all this too. Schimel is taking a leaf right out of the American Legislative Exchange Council playbook. As CMD research director Nick Surgey uncovered, ALEC -- bankrolled by big fossil fuel interests like Koch Industries and Peabody coal -- have been coordinating efforts to get state AGs to sue the federal government over the emissions standards.

"Alec has become quite well known and notorious for promoting model legislation. This is different," Surgey told the Guardian. "Alec is engaging much more broadly in the campaign against the EPA regulations, and they are doing so by asking their members to advocate for the coal industry with attorney generals. That is very unusual for them."

Unfortunately for Mr. Gray and the Kochs, limiting carbon pollution is actually quite popular with the American public. Two polls this year found that 70 percent of Americans approve of establishing carbon pollution limits.

- See more at: http://www.prwatch.org/news/2014/10/12649/dirty-energy-barons-go-bat-wi-ag-candidate-schimel#sthash.VJCt04O6.dpuf

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While Schimelsays he is protecting Wisconsin businesses and rate payers, the lawsuits are a strategy in a national playbook written by the fossil fuel industry and anti-government ideologues like the Koch's Americans for Prosperity and the Koch-funded American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). In addition to urging the AGs to sue, ALEC is pushing one cookie-cutter "model" bill designed to block implementation of the power plan and another to allow industry to bankroll the state litigation. Apparently, ALEC is worried that state taxpayers might get riled when they learn about their AG's efforts to attack the CPP.

Schimel's decision to go to bat for polluters comes as no surprise. While running for office in 2014, Schimel said he would sue and was promptly backed by a mysterious group called the "Rule of Law Project." CMD traced the group to the law firm of C. Boyden Gray. A key founder of the Federalist Society and former White House Counsel, Gray is the chief architect of the 40-year attack on regulations protecting public health and the environment. Gray's firm has been representing big business and utility coalition in the fight against the CPP.

Now Schimel is bringing in a compatriot of Gray's straight out of coal country. He announced that Misha Tseytlin was to serve as Wisconsin's first "Solicitor General" with a $1 million dollar budget.

Tseytlin is a key player in the national game plan to derail the effort to rein in carbon emissions. Tseytlin may not have yet taken the Wisconsin bar, but he is listed as General Counsel on the West Virginia lawsuit challenging the CPP. He also battled an EPA rule which restored Clean Water Act protections to wetlands and streams. In private practice, he worked for Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, a major law firm representing energy clients like Chevron in its fight against a $19 billion dollar judgement for polluting the Ecuadorian rainforest. Tseytlin is a "proud member" of the Koch-funded Federalist Society.

For Schimel and Tseytlin apparently, clean air and clean water are not something to celebrate, but a regulatory burden for polluters.

Schimel argues that the CPP will hit Wisconsin harder because it is more reliant than other states on coal, but the argument relies on smoke and mirrors say utility and energy experts.

"Wisconsin is in a relatively good position to meet CPP standards compared to states like West Virginia and North Dakota," said Keith Reopelle Senior Policy Director for Wisconsin Environment. "But we would be in an even better position had the state revisited renewable portfolio standards or invested more in energy efficiency as neighboring states have done."

Wisconsin utilities have met renewable portfolio standards two years ahead of schedule, but no effort has gone into expanding them and setting new targets.

Schimel also argues that the CPP will cost the state $13 billion, but that number is bunk, reports Reopelle, who says that was based on incorrect assumptions regarding the proposed rule and never adjusted for the final published rule.

Schimel once voted to bar state employees from talking about and working on climate change. Now heclaims "this is not about pollution" and carbon "isn't the traditional thing that most people think about as pollution." This leaves Reopelle shaking his head. "Carbon dioxide is certainly a pollutant, accumulating in our atmosphere and causing global warming," he said. It was found to be a pollutant actionable under the Clean Air Act by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2007.

"The Clean Power Plan is a commonsense approach that will reduce carbon pollution, lower health risks, and create countless clean energy jobs in Wisconsin," says Kerry Schumann of the Wisconsin League of Conservation Voters. The administration is "wasting taxpayer dollars and valuable time by joining this suit."

Even though nations in Paris are closer to an accord to rein in carbon pollution than ever before, it is likely to be non-binding and well short of what is needed to prevent super droughts, rising seas, and mass extinctions.

Schimel and the other AGs are hoping that they can blow enough smoke to convince negotiators that the Obama administration cannot deliver on any climate commitment. But in doing so they find themselves on the wrong side of public opinion, the law, and of history.

- See more at: http://www.prwatch.org/news/2015/12/12995/brad-schimels-dirty-power-play#sthash.Byr5sGZu.dpuf

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rough writeup from riskasses:

C Boyden Gray: I sort of forgot about him (three way race for Zelig: Forest Gump: Meese, CBG or Khadoggi]

clerked for Earl Waren Ch Justice

["Gray was born May 1, 1874 in Forsyth County. He began working with R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in 1895 at a salary of $5.75 per week. In 1931, he became chairman of the company and remained in that position until his death in 1935."[2] ] very successful: Gray died of a heart attack on a cruise ship off the coast of Norway and was buried at sea off North Cape above the Arctic Circle."

{{In 1921, following World War I, Reynolds came under the control of the Gray family then headed by Bowman Gray I (aka Sr.). He made the company's fortune by introducing a pre-rolled American cigarette at a time when Egyptian tobacco was considered the best available. The cigarettes were sold under the "Camel " brand using Egyptian symbolism on the packet even though only a fraction of the tobacco actually came from the Middle East.

Bowman Gray II (aka Jr.) took over the company a decade after World War II (He only became president in 1957). By then it was the top American cigarette company, but his tenure came at the time the smoking-health (S&H) controversy was just getting underway. Bowman Jr. lacked the entrepreneurial abilities of his father, and, during his time at the head of the company, Philip Morris (denigrated by the Southerners as an "upstart New York firm run by Jews" ) took the lead both in sales and in organising the combined industry's political and public-relations counter-measures to growing anti-smoking activism. }} both PM and RJR? Moved into food KKR sold Nabisco?

Gordon Gray Sr (1909- 1982:A lawyer, Gray's service to the federal government began with his appointment as President Harry S. Truman's assistant secretary of the war in 1947; two years later, he was appointed to secretary of the Army. President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed him his national security adviser in 1958. He served on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford.

Son is C Boyden

…

In the late-1990s the European Union filed a lawsuit in a US Federal District Court alleging that RJR Nabisco had engaged in global money laundering for various mafia and organized crime groups. The statement of claims says:??

[“ Prominent recent members of the Gray family were:

  He is also highly influential at the top levels of the Republican Party, and he provided political connections and support for the tobacco industry both in the party and in the White House. As a lobbyist, he had been a vigorous defender of other large industry groups in promoting small-government and unfettered free-enterprise, and is a recognised climate denier/lobbyist on behalf of major energy companies.]”

{“In 1995, CSE's budget hit $10 million and its "research" - funded entirely by corporations, conservative foundations, and wealthy businessmen -- is tailored to ensure results favorable to its patrons. Hence, a recent CSE study found that the American people were furious with the Food and Drug Administration. The CSE discovered this by asking respondents if they agreed with rigged statements such as, "The additional years it takes for the FDA to approve products costs lives by forcing people, including those with incurable diseases, to go without potentially beneficial drugs." Sixty-eight per cent agreed.[citation needed]

Armed with this information, Gray went before a House subcommittee in early 1995 and demanded "reform" of the FDA. Gray told members of Congress that as a result of FDA dawdling, tens of thousands of Americans die annually. One particularly absurd case was that of the miracle drug nitrazepam. Deprived by FDA bureaucrats of the right to take this drug, some 4,000 people had perished. Or so Gray claimed.[citation needed]

Questioned by committee members, CSE's head conceded that he wasn't sure what nitrazepam was used for. Rep. Richard Durbin informed him: insomnia.[citation needed]

Chairs Freedomworks (ties to TP) before co-chair CSE (Dick Armey; Kibbe coup post mortem?)

1992? B1 Counsel risk assessment, bring in John Graham; asks him to set up HCRA?! Got him Bradley $

Florida 2000

B2 (recess? Never confirmed?) appoints amb to EU; 2004:Gray formed the Committee for Justice in 2004 to push George W. Bush's judicial nominees .Owen, Pryor, Miers? Alito Roberts; Cl Th 1991

He lobbies against chemical testing in EU while ambasador?! Miscrosoft client

Harv Risk Analysis

Cap and Trade? Acid rain? Bs?

WT column?

Law firm beats Clean Air and Water Act, rep Exxon valdez

bewildering orwellian affiliations

lead out of gas? Ethanol car?

END ASSESS chunk

==

sci corruption:

RJR and the Bowman Gray family    

(History of RJ Reynolds Tobacco)

Three generations of the Bowman Gray family have been involved with the tobacco industry mainly through the family control over RJ Reynolds tobacco, but also through their influence in the Republican party.

Early History

RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company was one of the original competitive companies formed by the judicial split up of the old tobacco trust (monopoly) which operated in the 1890s and early 1900s. For many years the company was headed by RJ Reynolds himself, but it gradually changed and became an old Southern family concern controlled by various lines of the family, and based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. 

    In 1921, following World War I, Reynolds came under the control of the Gray family then headed by Bowman Gray I (aka Sr.). He made the company's fortune by introducing a pre-rolled American cigarette at a time when Egyptian tobacco was considered the best available. The cigarettes were sold under the "Camel" brand using Egyptian symbolism on the packet even though only a fraction of the tobacco actually came from the Middle East. 

    He was also the first to introduce mass advertising and aggressive marketing techniques, and by the time he died of a heart attack in 1935 the company was spending $200 million a year on advertising Camels alone. 

Bowman Gray II (aka Jr.) took over the company a decade after World War II (He only became president in 1957). By then it was the top American cigarette company, but his tenure came at the time the smoking-health (S&H) controversy was just getting underway. Bowman Jr. lacked the entrepreneurial abilities of his father, and, during his time at the head of the company, Philip Morris (denigrated by the Southerners as an "upstart New York firm run by Jews" ) took the lead both in sales and in organising the combined industry's political and public-relations counter-measures to growing anti-smoking activism. 

More than the managers of Philip Morris, Bowman Gray II became increasingly concerned about the health issues and began to move RJR into other businesses, both to decrease its reliance on cigarette sales and also to utilize the extraordinary profits generated by cigarettes.[Back in 1963 the RJR Tobacco company had had revenues of $117 million, while 20 years later it was a conglomerate with $14 billion in annual revenues.] 

    Bowman Gray Jr died in 1969 without designating an established successor or family succession path — which left Reynolds subject to constant managerial in-fighting and it became vulnerable to take-overs. These new managers were not confirmed tobacco executives like the members of the Bowman Gray family, so they focussed on the non-tobacco business, acquiring Del Monte (canned fruit) and Nabisco (biscuits etc.) and venturing into quite alien industries, including Sea-Land, the world's largest container shipping and transport company (1969) and Burmah Oil (in 1976). 

The Junk-bond buyout

Ross Johnson, the CEO of Nabisco, eventually took control of the combined entity, and in 1988 he tried to organise an executive buyout of the company. RJR Nabisco (as it was then known) then becamecaught up in a complex leverage buyout by junk-bond dealers, Kohlberg, Kravis and Roberts(KKR) who split up the conglomerate and sold off constituent parts to finance their junk-bond purchase.   barbarians at the gate?

    This left the tobacco company loaded with debt to the point where it couldn't expand internationally. So effectively it began to drop out of international competition after about 1995, leaving most of the running to Philip Morris and British-American Tobacco.

At about this time the company came under attack again from corporate raider Bennett LeBowwho had purchased the smallest of the six US tobacco companies Liggett & Myers in 1986. He wanted to merge Reynolds with his own smaller L&M operation, then spin off Nabisco under his own control. LeBow was only really interested in the non-tobacco businesses, and he thought that this reverse-acquisition of the two tobacco companies would be highly profitable. 

    He was rebuffed, but in Mar-Apr 1996, LeBow took what he saw was defensive action for L&M's survival by initiating a private legal settlement with the Attorneys-General which guaranteed his small company would not be destroyed by successful State suits over Medicaid costs. This effectively destroyed the long-standing unity and collaboration within the industry over Smoking & Health issues.

    LeBow's agreement with the Attorneys-General involved the release of what were confidential insider documents which contained information about industry lobbying, bribery and corruption. This left RJ Reynolds, Brown & Williamson, Lorillard, and Philip Morris high and dry, and they were forced to settle with the AGs and the Clinton Administration. 

Post-Master Settlement Agreement

In the late-1990s the European Union filed a lawsuit in a US Federal District Court alleging that RJR Nabisco had engaged in global money laundering for various mafia and organized crime groups. The statement of claims says:

*"The RJR DEFENDANTS have engaged in and facilitated organized crime by laundering the proceeds of narcotics trafficking and other crimes. 

    The DEFENDANTS knowingly sell their products to organized crime, arrange for secret payments from organized crime, and launder such proceeds in the United States or offshore venues known for bank secrecy. 

    The RJR DEFENDANTS have, at the highest corporate level, determined that it will be a part of their operating business plan to sell cigarettes to and through criminal organizations and to accept criminal proceeds in payment for cigarettes by secret and surreptitious means,.*

The Gray family

    RJ Reynolds Tobacco owed much of its early success to a large network of family members in influential position, and to its long associations with the commercial/conservative faction of the Republican Party, 

    Prominent recent members of the Gray family were:

Second Generation
Third Generation

  He is also highly influential at the top levels of the Republican Party, and he provided political connections and support for the tobacco industry both in the party and in the White House. As a lobbyist, he had been a vigorous defender of other large industry groups in promoting small-government and unfettered free-enterprise, and is a recognised climate denier/lobbyist on behalf of major energy companies.

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still kickin

On April 26, Judge Douglas Ginsburg of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit will accept the 8th annual Georgetown Federalist Society Lifetime Service Award. Judge Ginsburg will be introduced by the Hon. C. Boyden Gray and deliver an address entitled "An Accidental Life Servant."

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http://www.**sourcewatch.**org/index.php?title=C._Boyden_Gray

C. Boyden Gray (Clayland Boyden Gray), of the District of Columbia, is a longtime DC lobbyist, a partner at Boyden Gray & Associates in Washington, the former Ambassador to the European Union (2006-2007)and former Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy Diplomacy (2008-2009). He also served as former Special Envoy for European Union Affairs (2008-2009) and as White House Counsel in the administration of President George H.W. Bush (1989-1993). [1]

He was nominated February 10, 2006, by President George W. Bush to be Representative of the United States of America to the EU, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. Gray replaced Rockwell A. Schnabel, who resigned. Mr. Gray served as U.S. Ambassador to the European Union in Brussels from 2006 to 2007.

Gray was last appointed January 17, 2006, to the same position by President Bush in a recess appointment. Previously, on July 25, 2005, Gray was nominated by President Bush to the same position. Gray's nomination was sent to the Senate July 25, 2005, and the status of his nomination remained pending.

Contents [hide]

Freedomworks

Boyden co-chairs and serves on the board of FreedomWorks Foundation, that has close ties with the Tea Party Movement, which is led by Gray and former Majority Leader Dick Armey. [2]

Gray served as the Co-Chairman for Citizens for a Sound Economy which would later become Freedomworks and Americans for Prosperity. [3] Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE) was a powerful industry-funded think tank, promoting deregulation. It was founded by Koch Industries interests and continues to maintain strong links. In 2003, an internal rift between CSE and its affiliated Citizens for a Sound Economy Foundation led to a split in which CSEF was renamed as a separate organization, called Americans For Prosperity. In July 2004, CSE announced it was merging with Empower America to create FreedomWorks.

Gray formed the Committee for Justice in 2004 to push George W. Bush's judicial nominees. ^[4][:{During the :(style="background-color:#ffffff;"):}:[108th Congress(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/108th_Congress "108th Congress") in which the Republicans regained control of the Senate by a 51-49 margin, the nominees that the Senate Democrats had blocked in the 107th Congress began to be moved through the now Republican Senate Judiciary Committee.[10] Subsequently Senate Democrats started to filibuster judicial nominees. On February 12, 2003, Miguel Estrada, a nominee for the D.C. Circuit, became the first court of appeals nominee ever to be successfully filibustered.[citation needed] Later, nine other conservative court of appeals nominees were also filibustered. These nine werePriscilla Owen, Charles W. Pickering, Carolyn Kuhl, David W. McKeague, Henry Saad,Richard Allen Griffin, William H. Pryor, William Gerry Myers III and Janice Rogers Brown.[11] Three of the nominees (Estrada, Pickering and Kuhl) withdrew their nominations before the end of the 108th Congress.]] end insert 109th 2005:  Gang of 14, in a deal to avoid the use of the "nuclear option", agreed to drop the filibuster against three of the seven remaining affected court of appeals nominees (Priscilla Owen, Janice Rogers Brown, and William Pryor) but not two others (Henry Saad and William Myers).[13] In addition, the senators in the group agreed not to block future judicial nominees with filibusters except in cases involving "extraordinary circumstances".]]alito roberts, miers?

Political Contributions

Jon Huntsman

Gray donated $50,000 to Our Destiny PAC, a multimillion-dollar super PAC supporting 2012 Republican presidential candidate Jon Huntsman. [5] Gray directly donated $2,500 to Huntsman's campaign with another $2,500 from his family members. [6] Huntsman has since withdrawn from the race and endorsed Mitt Romney. [7]

Scott Walker

Gray donated $25,000 to Scott Walker to fight an expected recall election in Wisconsin. Mike McCabe, executive director of the Wisconsin Democracy Campaign, said Walker had raised more money from donors than any other candidate in state history. Walker raised an astounding $5,749,926.26 from out-of-state donors within five weeks. [8]

John Boehner

In 2011 Gray gave $7,400 (split between personal and family donation), to Boehner's Freedom Project, and $5,000 (split between a personal and family donation) directly to Boehner. [9]

Mitt Romney

In January 2012 Gray donated 2,500 to Romey after Jon Huntsman dropped out of the 2012 U.S. presidential race. [10]

Koch Connection

In 1995 the Kochs hired Gray, who had been counsel to George H.W. Bush and had worked in the Ronald Reagan administration before that, to write federal legislation called theComprehensive Regulatory Reform Act of 1995.This came after the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard and Janet Reno's Justice Department filed a $54 million lawsuit against the Kochs over oil spills at Koch-owned refineries.

Gray worked closely with the Koch's when he was on the board of Citizens for Sound Economy, which was founded in 1984 by Charles and David Koch. [11] David Koch currently chairs the Americans for Prosperity Foundation (AFPF), formerly known as the Citizens for a Sound Economy Educational Foundation, a prominent ALEC-contributor, largely funded by CKF and Koch Industries. [12]

Lobbying against REACH

In June 2006, the Wall Street Journal reported that a bill before the European Union that would require "manufacturers to test industrial chemicals used in the manufacturing process to gather health and safety data" had prompted an international lobbying effort, led by the U.S., "to make the final measure more amenable to industry." The legislation, which is expected to be finalized by the end of 2006, is called REACH, for "Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals." [1]

Referring to REACH, Ambassador Gray told the :{American Chamber of Commerce :(style="background-color:#ffff66;"):}:in Brussels, "We should not regulate if there is no harm to address and there is no benefit of safety to confer." Gray also complained to the Wall Street Journal that European policymakers "never did a proper impact assessment to evaluate the risk-versus-benefit status of this legislation." [2]

Harvard Center for Risk Analysis

The Harvard Group on Risk Management Reform (HGRMR)) was established in 1992. C. Boyden Gray, asCounsel in the Bush I Administration, began developing a presidential executive order (used to bypass Congress) to impose risk assessment requirements on the government regulatory agencies, thereby making it more difficult and costly to regulate against unsafe or environmentally unsound practices. He enlists John D. Graham as advisor. Action was defered until after the election campaign.

The Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA) was founded by John D. Graham in 1994 at request of Gray while Counsel to President to help developent of a new presidential order (in 1992), it aimed at bringing more scientific rigor and political accountability to the process of health, safety and environmental regulation.

With the assistance of Mr. Gray, HCRA received a grant from the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation to convene the group. The goal of the HCRA was to devise a concrete set of recommendations that Congress and the President might consider in their deliberations about regulatory reform. [13]

Profiles

"In a lengthy profile of Gray in 1997, The New Republic magazine wrote "So many different money trails lead to, by and through Gray it is bewildering." There is Gray the lobbyist, Gray the lawyer, Gray the former White House Counsel, Gray the chairman of Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE), Gray the head of the Alliance for Reasonable Regulation, Gray the co-chair of the Air Quality Standards Coalition, Gray the board member of :{Federalist Society:(style="background-color:#ffff66;"):}: for Law and Public Policy Studies, Gray the major soft money contributor to the Republican Party, Gray the friend of judges and justices (many of whom owe their jobs to him), to name but a few." [3]

Add to this the most recent of Gray's "organizations" and you come up with (see other links below) Gray, John D. Podesta and Timothy E. Wirth, connected by funding provided by R. E. Ted Turner in both the Energy Coalition Foundation (June 2003) and Energy Future Coalition (2002-3), Gray's newest media connection to Media General (May 2003), the Committee for the Republic (July 2003), and a continuous link to all things "Bush" and "corporate."

Nancy Cerrulo, Ocean Ridge, Florida, posted the following in the August 5, 2003, OPINION section of the *Palm Beach Post*:

"'Note Cohen's exposure of Gray, one to be feared': Richard Cohen's column about federal appellate judge nominee [to the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals] [Alabama Attorney General] William H. Pryor, Jr. ('Advertising in bad faith,' Wednesday) mentioned the ubiquitous C. Boyden Gray, the corporate lobbyist, who has been very active in pushing President [George Walker] Bush's judicial nominees. Readers may remember him from the 2000 presidential brouhaha in this state."He was behind the recent ad that attempted to smear Democratic senators with the anti-Catholic brush. He was financially aided in that attempt by the first President Bush and the royal grandson, George P. Bush. They both helped raise money for this campaign."Mr. Gray has been extremely active in anti-environmental causes, was active in the anti-Clinton movement, and much more can be found if you do a Google search online for his name. He and Sen. Orrin G. Hatch, R-Utah, have teamed up against American citizens' well-being. This man should be feared; learn his name and remember it."

The March 13, 2000 issue of Business Week online provided an insight via a book review of John B. Judis's "The Paradox of American Democracy. Elites, Special Interests, and the Betrayal of Public Trust.":

"Even natural-born policy aristocrats such as former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and former White House counsel C. Boyden Gray, heir to the Reynolds tobacco fortune, have been co-opted, the author charges, presenting themselves as disinterested public servants while shilling for corporate clients. But Americans, who once trusted the elites to do right by them, have gotten wise to such shenanigans. The result: Public cynicism is at an all-time high."So when self-proclaimed visionaries such as liberal elitist Bill Clinton and conservative elitist Newt Gingrich arrive on the scene, their calls for revolution end in nothing gained. Voters no longer listen. Congress is paralyzed by special interests. The '90s will be remembered as 'a decade...in which the historical pretensions of political leaders far outweighed their actual achievements.'"

According to the Citizens for a Sound Economy web site, C. Boyden Gray, Chairman of CSE, "is a partner at the Washington, D.C. law firm of Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering where he focuses on a range of regulatory matters including, environmental, biotechnology, trade, clean air, and risk management.Gray served as counsel to George Herbert Walker Bush, during his terms as president and vice president. Gray also clerked for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren. He graduated magna cum laude fromHarvardUniversity and earned his law degree from the University of North Carolina Law School."

A very interesting article ran in a July 1995 issue of The New York Times -- "On My Mind - $20 Billion Thriller - a limited hangout" by Council on Foreign Relations Member A.M. Rosenthal, which included the following:

"Members of the Council on Foreign Relations in the State Department and National Security Council planned a carefully prepared psycho-political operation to defraud the American public and enrich themselves and other Council on Foreign Relations members. It was planned and scripted by members of the Council on Foreign Relations in the state department, and on the National Security Council. This group has been carrying out similar psycho-political operations aimed at the American public since World War I."C. Boyden Gray is the son of Gordon Gray, a powerful Council of Foreign Relations member, now deceased. Upon graduating law school C. Boyden Gray joined Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering. Many of the firms associates counsel different Government departments including the FBI and CIA. Lloyd N. Cutler counseled President James Earl Carter, Jr.; C. Boyden Gray counseled President Bush. Cutler, Carter, and Bush belong to the CFR. The OIC Iran-Contra report tells us about the character of Presidential Counsel Gray -- Gray and his colleagues advised Bush to lie."In 1993 Environmental Organizations sued to compel production of an environmental impact statement on NAFTAbefore it was submitted to Congress. William Jefferson Clinton sided with the Environmental Organizations. A law called The National Environmental Policy Act required an environmental impact study in major Federal Actions. The Environmental Organization won. The judge ordered the study."The group that lost was the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (OTR), an executive agency that advises the president. The OTR appealed. The Automobile Manufactures Association, had C. Boyden Gray file a friend of the court brief in behalf of the OTR. Gray used political connections, legal chicanery, weasel words and double talk.The OTR won the appeal. President Clinton and the American Citizen lost. NAFTA was 'fast-tracked' through congress, there was no impact study."

Mother Jones 400 Bio of C. Boyden Gray, April 1996:

"C. Boyden Gray ... Age: 53 State and Town Washington, D.C. ... Total Donated $98,044 ... Party R ... Lobbyist for Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, a firm specializing in environmental and regulatory risk management. He was White House counsel for President Bush, 1989-93. Critics claim he ghostwrote the weakened Clean Water Act for Sen. Bob Dole."

The following is a cache file from the George Bush Presidential Library Foundation web site (2001):

"Mr. Gray advises clients on all aspects of air pollution and was one of the principal architects of the 1991 Clean Air Act Amendments. In addition to his long involvement with clean fuels and reformulated gasoline, he has extensive experience with the use of market incentives to achieve environmental goals, and he is widely credited with having triggered the Clean Air Act acid rain emissions trading system and the use of market incentives in connection with the phaseout of CFCs under the Montreal Protocol. He has had extensive experience with new drug approval procedures at the FDA. He represents clients in connection with EPA, FDA, SEC, and other regulatory agencies and Congressional legislation affecting these organic statutes. He also has had extensive experience with legislative struggles at the federal level."Mr. Gray is a graduate of Harvard University (A.B. 1964, magna cum laude) and the University of North Carolina (J.D. 1968, first in class), where he served as Editor-in-Chief of the UNC Law Review. Following graduation from law school, he clerked for Chief Justice Earl Warren of the U.S. Supreme Court for a year. Mr. Gray joined WCP in 1969 and became a partner in 1976. In 1981,he left the firm to serve as Legal Counsel to Vice President George Bush. He also served as Counsel to the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief, chaired by Vice President Bush.[wendy gramm?] Mr. Gray later served as Director of the Office of Transition Counsel for the Bush transition team, and as Counsel to President Bush from 1989-1993. He returned to WCP in 1993."Mr. Gray currently served as Chairman of Citizens for a Sound Economy. In addition, he is a member of Harvard University's Committee on University Development, the Board of Trustees of the Washington Scholarship Fund, St. Mark's School, and National Cathedral School. He recently served on the Bush-Cheney Transition Department of Justice Advisory Committee. Mr. Gray is the recipient of the Presidential Citizens Medal and the Distinguished Alumnus Award of the University of North Carolina Law School."

The Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. Executive Council's Corporate Connections: C. Boyden Gray

- Counsel to the Vice-President of the United States, 1981-1989

Affiliations

- Trustee, George C. Marshall Foundation[8]

- Trustee, Reason Foundation

- Trustee, :{Center for the Study of t:(style="background-color:#ffff66;"):}:he Presidency[9]

- Former Director, Climate Institute [14]

Note: Among the other members of the Atlantic Council Working Group (part of the ATUS "Program on Transatlantic Relations") for "Risk and Reward: U.S.-EU Regulatory Cooperation on Food Safety and the Environment" (November 2002) was William A. Nitze, of the Gemstar Group.

SourceWatch Resources

External Articles

b2 made him EU ambassador (microsoft)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Boyden_Gray

Clayland Boyden Gray (born February 6, 1943) is an attorney and former American diplomat and public servant. He is a member of the board of directors at the Atlantic Council, The European Institute and FreedomWorks.

He served most recently as the Special Envoy for European Affairs and Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy at the Mission of the United States to the European Union. He was previously United States Ambassador to the European Union. He was appointed Special Envoy for European Affairs by United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on January 11, 2008. On March 31, the White House announced his appointment to the additional post of Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy.[4]

He took up the post of Ambassador to the EU on 17 January 2006, when US President George W. Bush granted him a recess appointment to the post.[5] Prior to that, he was a partner with the law firm Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr. He served as White House Counsel to President George H. W. Bush.

He is a member of the Federalist Society[6] and on the board of FreedomWorks.[7] He was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal in 1993 by President H. W. Bush.[8]

Contents

Education and career

C. Boyden Gray attended Fay School and St. Mark's School in Southborough, Massachusetts, and graduated from Harvard University in 1964. He also served as a sergeant in the United States Marine Corps Reserve from 1965-1970. He attended law school at the University of North Carolina, where he served as Editor-in-Chief of the UNC law review. He graduated in 1968.

After graduation he clerked for Chief Justice Earl Warren for one term. He joined the firm of Wilmer Cutler & Pickering in 1969, becoming partner in 1976. He left the firm in 1981 to serve as legal counsel for Vice President George Bush. He also served as Counsel to the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief, chaired by Vice President Bush. Gray later served as Director of the Office of Transition Counsel for the Bush transition team, and as Counsel to President Bush from 1989-1993. During this time he became one of the main architects of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments that suggested market solutions for environmental problems.

He returned to Wilmer Cutler & Pickering in 1993 where his practice focused on a range of regulatory matters with emphasis on environmental issues, including those relating to biotechnology, trade, clean air, and the management of risk. He also served as Chairman of the section of Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice of the American Bar Association.

Prior to his appointment as ambassador, Gray also served as Co-chairman with former majority leader Dick Armey of FreedomWorks. In addition, he is or was a member of Harvard University's Committee on University Development, the Board of Trustees of the Washington Scholarship Fund, St. Mark's School, and National Cathedral School. He recently served on the Bush-Cheney Transition Department of Justice Advisory Committee.

When he emerged as George W. Bush's preferred candidate for the post of the US's ambassador to the European Union in July 2005,[9] that potential nomination deeply perturbed open source advocates who viewed his ties to Microsoft with suspicion.[10]

This latest tale of the war at FreedomWorks is an indication of how bad the blood has become. This man-with-a-gun story, which would seem to benefit Kibbe's side, comes after Mother Jones revealed that board members C. Boyden Gray and James Burnley IV recently initiated a legal investigation of alleged wrongdoing at FreedomWorks and that Kibbe, in response, drafted a memo accusing Armey, Gray, and Burnley of mounting a "hostile takeover" of the group in order to make it part of the Republican establishment. There's no telling if FreedomWorks, an important outfit for the tea party, can survive this civil war. But there probably are more leaks to come.

B1 counsel see 

http://www.amazon.com/Who-Will-Tell-The-People/dp/0671867407#reader_0671867407

Who Will Tell The People? : The Betrayal Of A…

by William Greider

ch 6 on gray and RR OMB

fox effect:  

sev fox shows called for ira audit,led by CG Gray of FW, ex fox contrib 258  col in Wa Times  

-> gray interview and 35 segs on MM  link to online petition

conservative green"? CB Gray read krupp, drove ethanol car, helped get lead out of gas war

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Boyden_Gray

http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=C._Boyden_Gray

former  bush2? White House counsel C. Boyden Gray, heir to the Reynolds tobacco fortune, have been co-opted, the author charges, presenting themselves as disinterested public servants while shilling for corporate clients.

http://www.muckety.com/C-Boyden-Gray/167.muckety

Citizens for a Sound Economy

After graduation he clerked for Chief Justice Earl Warren for one term.

 ==

http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=deregulation_run_riot

Deregulation Run RiotDeregulation Run Riot
John B. JudisSeptember 1, 1999

The two corporate lobbyists began by arguing that the EPA had failed to prove scientifically that new standards were needed to protect public health. "No one knows whether [fine particulate matter] poses any kind of health hazard," they asserted. But since there are a host of scientists who would contest this ridiculous assertion, they introduced a stiffer test, based on the Cato argument, that the EPA had to pass. According to Gray and Raul, Congress had to provide "intelligible principles" for an agency to follow (a phrase borrowed from a 1928 Court ruling) and the agency had to "apply those intelligible principles to known scientific fact." If an agency acts without establishing "scientific fact," it is violating the delegation of powers by making policy and usurping the authority of Congress.

 hmmn:wacko?

http://tarpley.net/online-books/george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/chapter-3-race-hygiene-three-bush-family-alliances/

In this matter the President has expert advice. Mr. (Clayland) Boyden Grayhas been counsel to George Bush since the 1980 election. As chief legal officer in the White House, Boyden Gray can walk the President through the dangers and complexities of waging such unusual warfare against Third World populations. Gray knows how these things are done.

When Boyden Gray was four and five years old, his father organized the pilot project for the present worldwide sterilization program, from the Gray family household in North Carolina.

It started in 1946. The eugenics movement was looking for a way to begin again in America.

Nazi death camps such as Auschwitz had just then seared the conscience of the world. The Sterilization League of America, which had changed its name during the war to “ Birthright, Inc., ” wanted to start up again. First they had to overcome public nervousness about crackpots proposing to eliminate “ inferior ” and “ defective ” people. The League tried to surface in Iowa, but had to back off because of negative publicity: A little boy had recently been sterilized there and had died from the operation.

They decided on North Carolina, where the Gray family could play the perfect host. Through British imperial contacts, Boyden Gray’s grandfather, Bowman Gray, had become principal owner of the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Boyden’s father, Gordon Gray, had recently founded the Bowman Gray (memorial) Medical School in Winston-Salem, using his inherited cigarette stock shares. The medical school was already a eugenics center.

As the experiment began, Gordon Gray’s great aunt, Alice Shelton Gray, who had raised him from childhood, was living in his household. Aunt Alice had founded the “ Human Betterment League, ” the North Carolina branch of the national eugenical sterilization movement.

Aunt Alice was the official supervisor of the 1946-47 experiment. Working under Miss Gray was Dr. Claude Nash Herndon, whom Gordon Gray had made assistant professor of “ medical genetics ” at Bowman Gray Medical School.

Dr. Clarence Gamble, heir to the Proctor and Gamble soap fortune, was the sterilizers’ national field operations chief.

The experiment worked as follows. All children enrolled in the school district of Winston-Salem, N.C., were given a special “ intelligence test. ” Those children who scored below a certain arbitrary low mark were then cut open and surgically sterilized.

We quote now from the official story of the project@s3@s7:

In Winston-Salem and in [nearby] Orange County, North Carolina, the [Sterilization League's] field committee had participated in testing projects to identify school age children who should be considered for sterilization. The project in Orange County was conducted by the University of North Carolina and was financed by a Mr. Hanes,’ a friend of Clarence Gamble and supporter of the field work project in North Carolina. The Winston-Salem project was also financed by Hanes. ” [` Hanes '' was underwear mogul James Gordon Hanes, a trustee of Bowman Gray Medical School and treasurer of Alice Gray's group]…-

Race science experimenter Dr. Claude Nash Herndon provided more details in an interview in 1990.@s3@s8

Dr. Herndon remarked coolly that “ we had a very good relationship with the press ” for the project. This is not surprising, since Gordon Gray owned the Winston-Salem Journal, the Twin City Sentinel and radio station WSJS.

In 1950 and 1951, John Foster Dulles, then chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation, led John D. Rockefeller III on a series of world tours, focusing on the need to stop the expansion of the non-white populations. In November 1952, Dulles and Rockefeller set up the Population Council, with tens of millions of dollars from the Rockefeller family.

At that point, the American Eugenics Society, still cautious from the recent bad publicity vis-a-vis Hitler, left its old headquarters at Yale University. The Society moved its headquarters into the office of the Population Council, and the two groups melded together. The long-time secretary of the American Eugenics Society, Frederick Osborne, became the first president of the Population Council. The Gray family’s child-sterilizer, Dr. Claude Nash Herndon, became president of the American Eugenics Society in 1953, as its work expanded under Rockefeller patronage.

Meanwhile, the International Planned Parenthood Federation was founded in London, in the offices of the British Eugenics Society.

The undead enemy from World War II, renamed “ Population Control, ” had now been revived.

hmmn: George Bush was U.S. ambassador to the United Nations in 1972, when with prodding from Bush and his friends, the U.S. Agency for International Development first made an official contract with the old Sterilization League of America. The League had changed its name twice again, and was now called the “ Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception. ” The U.S. government began paying the old fascist group to sterilize non-whites in foreign countries.

The Gray family experiment had succeeded.

In 1988, the U.S. Agency for International Development signed its latest contract with the old Sterilization League (a.k.a. Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception), committing the U.S. government to spend $80 million over five years.

Having gotten away with sterilizing several hundred North Carolina school children, “ not usually less than eight to ten years old, ” the identical group is now authorized by President Bush to do it to 58 countries in Asia, Africa and Ibero-America. The group modestly claims it has directly sterilized “ only ” two million people, with 87 percent of the bill paid by U.S. taxpayers.

Meanwhile, Dr. Clarence Gamble, Boyden Gray’s favorite soap manufacturer, formed his own “ Pathfinder Fund ” as a split-off from the Sterilization League. Gamble’s Pathfinder Fund, with additional millions from USAID, concentrates on penetration of local social groups in the non-white countries, to break down psychological resistance to the surgical sterilization teams.

http://tarpley.net/online-books/george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/chapter-3-race-hygiene-three-bush-family-alliances/

http:/:{/tarpley:(style="background-color:#ffff66;"):}:.net/online-books/**george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/**chapter-4-the-center-of-power-is-in-washington/

It was not only covert projects which were developed by the Gray-Bush-Dulles combination; it was also new, hidden structures of the United States government.

Senator Henry Jackson challenged these arrangements in 1959 and 1960. Jackson created a Subcommittee on National Policy Machinery of the Senate Committee on Governmental Operations, which investigated Gordon Gray’s reign at the National Security Council. On January 26, 1960, Gordon Gray warned President Eisenhower that a document revealing the existence of a secret part of the U.S. government had somehow gotten into the bibliography being used by Senator Jackson. The unit was Gray’s “ 5412 Group ” within the administration, officially but secretly in charge of approving covert action. Under Gray’s guidance, Ike “ |`was clear and firm in his response’ that Jackson’s staff not be informed of the existence of this unit [emphasis in the original]. ”@s1@s7

The first of eight admitted assassination attempts against Castro took place in 1960.

The program was, of course, a failure, if not a circus. The invasion of Cuba by the CIA’s anti-Castro exiles was put off until after John Kennedy took over the presidency. The invasion at the Bay of Pigs was a fiasco, and Castro’s forces easily prevailed. But the program continued.

http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Progress_for_America  Progress for America 527 astroturf

* **C. Boyden Gray**, heir to the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company fortune. Boyden has played a key role in most of the well-financed right-wing groups like Citizens for a Sound Economy, founded by the Koch Brothers and related to the beltway gang behind the Tea Party, FreedomWorks. Gray has helped orchestrate everything from the big business attack on the EPA's regulation of air quality standards to the effort to pack the courts with right-wing ideologues through his attack machine, the "Committee for Justice." When I worked as a staffer in the Senate, I helped fight Gray's efforts to use smear campaigns to pack the courts; and Gray's group was one of the recipients of files of mine and my colleagues taken by Republican political operatives. If you're disgusted with the Supreme Court decisions of right-wing ideologues like John Roberts and Clarence Thomas, you can thank Gray for helping them secure lifetime jobs as judges.

http://www.prwatch.org/node/9407

Bowman Gray, Sr. "was the benefactor whose bequest made possible the medical school's (Wake Forest University School of Medicine) move from the town of Wake Forest to Winston-Salem and its expansion to a four-year program."[1]

Biography

"Gray was born May 1, 1874 in Forsyth County. He began working with R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in 1895 at a salary of $5.75 per week. In 1931, he became chairman of the company and remained in that position until his death in 1935."[2]

"Gray, Bowman (1 May 1874-7 July 1935), tobacco executive, was born in Winston, the son of James Alexander Gray and Aurelia Bowman. He attended local schools and was enrolled in The University of North Carolina for the year 1890-91. Withdrawing, he became a clerk in the Wachovia National Bank of which his father was cashier and one of the founders. He joined the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company as a salesman in 1895 and covered the state of Georgia where he was remarkably successful. After two years he was promoted to eastern sales manager and stationed in Baltimore, Md., where his two sons were born. Further promotion came in 1912, when he was made vice-president and director of the company with offices in Winston. In 1924 he became president, succeeding William Neal Reynolds, and in 1931 he became chairman of the board, the post he held at the time of his death.

"Much credit has been ascribed to Gray for the rise of the Reynolds company from fourth to first place in size among tobacco manufacturing plants. Gray, a Methodist, donated the property on which Centenary Methodist Church was built in Winston-Salem. He also contributed generously to orphanages and hospitals. At the time of his death, Gray's holdings in the Reynolds company alone were valued at $12 million. A benevolent fund that he created made possible the establishment of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest College in Winston-Salem.

"In Baltimore on 1 Oct. 1902, he married Nathalie Fontaine Lyons, daughter of Hyman Hart and Ann Elizabeth Maffit Lyons of Asheville. They were the parents of two sons, Bowman Gray, Jr., and Gordon Gray. Gray died of a heart attack on a cruise ship off the coast of Norway and was buried at sea off North Cape above the Arctic Circle." From the Dictionary of North Carolina Biography (Cache File).

Other Related SourceWatch Resources

Gordon Gray, Sr., then serving as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, was appointed on January 16, 1960, by Dwight D. Eisenhower as the first director of the Operations Coordinating Board:[1]

"I hereby designate you Chairman of the Operations Coordinating Board, vice Mr. Robert D. Murphy, to perform duties in accordance with Executive Order 10700 dated February 25, 1957, as mended, in addition to your other duties. I know that you are thoroughly familiar with the work of the OCB through your service as a member of the Board since July 1958. In view of your continuing responsibility as the principal supervisory officer of the work of the National Security Council in formulating national security policies including those assigned by me to the OCB for coordination, you are in a position to provide impartial and objective guidance and leadership to the Board."This new assignment is one step which I feel should be taken toward enabling the President to look to one office for staff assistance in the whole range of national security affairs."

THE BOWMAN AND GORDON GRAY PROFESSORSHIPS. THE BOWMAN AND GORDON GRAY ASSOCIATE PROFESSORSHIPS:

Several distinguished professorships in the University were created by Bowman Gray, Jr., president and chairman of the board of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in Winston-Salem. Later his brother, Gordon Gray, Sr., added to the fund, and the professorships were renamed for the two men. Previously, the brothers and their mother, Nathalie Lyons Gray, had given UNC-CH the Bowman Gray Swimming Pool in honor of their father, Bowman Gray, Sr., Class of 1894.

Bowman Gray, Jr. graduated with a B.A. in 1929 and was president of his class. Gordon Gray was a member of the Class of 1930. He served as president of UNC from 1950 to 1955.

Born in Baltimore, Md., in 1907, Bowman Gray, Jr. lived in Winston-Salem with his family. He was married to the former Elizabeth Christian of Richmond, Va., and they had five sons: Bowman Gray III (B.A. '64), F. Christian Gray, Robert Gray (B.A. '64), Lyons Gray(B.A. '67) and P. Randolph Gray (B.A. '73).

Like his father and his uncle, Bowman Gray, Jr. became the head of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. He was a strong financial supporter of education and local businesses, serving as a trustee of the University of North Carolina, the Research Triangle Foundation and theBusiness Foundation of North Carolina. He also served as a member of the boards of Wachovia Bank & Trust Co. and Piedmont Airlines. He was also a director of the General Alumni Association and a member of the University's Athletic Council.

Gordon Gray, Sr. was born in 1909, also in Baltimore. He was married in 1938 to the former Jane Boyden Craige, and they had four sons: Gordon Gray, Jr., Burton Gray, C. Boyden Gray (J.D. '68) and Bernard Gray (B.A. '72). After Jane's death, Gray married the former Nancy Maguire Beebe.

In addition to serving as president of the University system, Gordon Gray was chairman of the board of Piedmont Publishing Co.; publisher of the Winston-Salem Journal and Sentinel; chairman of the National Trust for Historic Preservation; and Secretary of the Army. A lawyer, Gray's service to the federal government began with his appointment as President Harry S. Truman's assistant secretary of the war in 1947; two years later, he was appointed to secretary of the Army. President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed him his national security adviser in 1958. He served on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford. The University presented Gray with an honorary law degree in 1949.

His son C. Boyden Gray also has had a career of public service in Washington, clerking for Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warrenand serving as President George Herbert Walker Bush's White House counsel.

Bowman Gray Jr. died in 1969. Gordon Gray Sr. died in 1982.

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James Alexander Gray (1889-1952) was a "businessman and philanthropist of Winston-Salem, N.C. He served in high-level executive capacities with Wachovia National Bank andR.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company."[1]

"Bowman Gray Jr. ... was chairman of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. in the 1960s and his father [Bowman Gray, Sr., brother of James Alexander Gray] was the tobacco company founder's original business partner."[2]

"A local writer once said the moving forces behind the hyphenated city were 'the Salem conscience and the Winston purse.' The Moravians established a tradition of diligence, resourcefulness, piety, and charity. The city's capitalists--chief among them the Reynolds, Hanes, and Gray families--built the greatest industrial center south of Richmond and east of Mississippi. Wachovia Bank and Trust Company grew into one of the best-run banks in the country. P. H. Hanes Knitting Company became the nation's greatest producer of knitwear. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company imported so much cigarette paper and tobacco that Winston-Salem--200 miles inland--was declared a port of entry. During its heyday, the company paid its local taxes by delivering a truckload of money to the courthouse steps--daily."[3]

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

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Whither the Four Horsemen?

Submitted by Kyle Mantyla on Thursday, 6/18/2009 2:47 pm

Back when George W. Bush was seeking confirmation for his Supreme Court nominees, there was a group of right-wing Washington insiders known as the "four horsemen" who were at the center of this effort:

The calls start just after 8 every morning, and the participants phone in from just about anywhere. A lawyer speed dials the teleconference line from a taxi as he dashes to a breakfast meeting. A radio evangelist checks in before heading to Atlanta. An old Reagan hand punches in the password from a hotel room while a federalist movement leader calls from his office near the White House.

The daily conference call, in many ways, is indistinguishable from thousands of others occurring inside Washington's beltway, but with one big difference: This one is shaping the Republicans' nomination strategy for the Supreme Court and, in consultation with the White House, scripting party-line talking points. The daily call is also the glue for a fragile conservative coalition, from the religious right to the business lobby, that's smoothing the way for President Bush's nominee to replace Justice Sandra Day O'Connor.

The men, who have been dialing in since 2003, have come to be known as the "Four Horsemen": C. Boyden Gray, Edwin Meese III, Jay Sekulow, and Leonard Leo. Hand-picked by the White House for their ties to disparate conservative groups, they have been instrumental in helping the president name strict constitutionalists to the federal bench--and now they hope to do the same on the nation's highest court. "We've been waiting for this for four years," says Sekulow of the American Center for Law and Justice. And so the Four Horsemen are galloping into this confirmation fight.

This time around, with a Democrat in the White House and Sonia Sotomayor nominated to the Supreme Court, most of these horsemen have been nowhere to be seen.  While Sekulow remains engaged in the process, both Leo and Gray have been relatively absent, though they have spoken out on occasion, while Meese had been seemingly AWOL entirely.

Or so we thought until we saw this:

Ed Meese is at it again.

The Reagan-era attorney general, beloved by conservatives but long reviled by many liberals, is playing an important behind-the-scenes role in coordinating opposition to Supreme Court nominee Sonia Sotomayor.

From his perch at the conservative Heritage Foundation, the 77-year-old Edwin Meese III has been meeting with a network of right-of-center lawyers, buttonholing Republican senators and preaching the same message he’s been delivering since the 1980s: judges should follow the Constitution and not push a liberal agenda from the bench.

“He’s been very influential in his meetings on Capitol Hill and behind-the-scenes working with leading legal lights,’’ said Gary Marx, executive director of the Judicial Confirmation Network, which has been echoing Meese’s message with regular public blasts against Sotomayor.

“All of us feel like we stand on the shoulders of giants who have come before us, and clearly Meese is one of those giants and a conservative icon,’’ Marx added.

Interestingly, we've read lots of coverage about the Right's efforts to coordinate its opposition to Sotomayor but have never even so much as seen Meese's name mentioned very often.  Frankly, that is not surprising because presumably the Right doesn't really want its anti-Sotomayor efforts to be too compromised by knowledge that the man who played in central role in nominating Robert Bork to the Supreme Court is now playing a similar role in opposing Sotomayor.

Filed Under

Organizations:

Heritage Foundation, Religious Right

People:

Jay Sekulow, Robert Bork, George W. Bush, Sonia Sotomayor, Sandra Day O'Connor

Topics:

Legal, Religious Right, Supreme Court, Attorney General, George W. Bush, Constitution, republicans

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2013 rww

The former George W. Bush administration official who founded a group to push for the confirmation of Bush’s judicial nominees has come up with the most ridiculous justification yet for a possible Republican filibuster of President Obama’s three nominees to vacancies on the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In a Washington Times column today, C. Boyden Gray argues that Obama’s filling all the seats on the court is in fact a "drive to pack" the court and would “risk politicizing an institution that is – and should be – above politics” and lead to a loss of “collegiality” among the judges on the court.

Gray’s concern for the independence of the judiciary is admirable, but it’s interesting that he seems to have developed this concern only when a Democratic president started nominating judges.

In fact, Gray seems to have held the opposite view of what to do with the D.C. Circuit during the George W. Bush administration, when he founded and led an organization dedicated to getting President Bush’s most conservative nominees confirmed to the federal courts. Among the nominees Gray worked to confirm were current D.C. Circuit judges Thomas Griffith, Brett Kavanaugh and Janice Rogers Brown, who have given the court a serious right-wing ideological bent, and now- Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts. In total, thanks in part to Gray, Bush had four nominees confirmed to the D.C. Circuit, filling all eleven of the twelve seats then available.

In contrast, President Obama has had just one nominee confirmed to the D.C. Circuit in his five years in office, bringing the total number of judges on the court up to eight out of eleven designated seats. This puts him far behind all of his recent predecessors in placing judges on the court. In fact, every president since Jimmy Carter, going through the process laid out in the Constitution, has had at least three nominees confirmed to the D.C. Circuit.

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