HAPPER, Wm

---2/19 capt bak6/16 hack poster boy? pension plan still useful?how was this feck not taken out? mercer, bradly and koch $
see "secret science" BS=eg secret:<a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060084931">https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060084931</a>
no lnxBack to E&E News index page.EPAPruitt science plan may block use of major Harvard studyCorbin Hiar, E&E News reporter
Greenwire: Monday, June 18, 2018Joseph Allen and green building study. Photo credit: @WorldGBC/Twitter]Harvard University researcher Joseph Allen speaks about the results of a green building study in 2016. @WorldGBC/Twitter
This story was updated June 19 at 2:38 p.m. EDT.
Harvard University is working on an international survey that researchers believe could revolutionize the world's understanding of how buildings affect public health.
There's just one problem: Because of a change to scientific standards proposed by Administrator Scott Pruitt, EPA regulators likely won't be able to use the study's findings to better protect Americans.
"This speaks to the central issue with that regulation," Harvard's Joseph Allen, the principal investigator of the global buildings study said of EPA's regulatory science transparency proposal.=from TWO320 poster boy for? physics? hack? he's the mainline channel from denial to trump white house, block congress testimony? [transparency]
<div>omfg  gets better trump gig</div><div>
</div><div>see heartland, sci suppress 3, house intel comm</div><div>=</div><div>new</div><div>note coherent long term strategy!</div><div><div>=</div><div><div>=</div><div>mashey 2012</div><div><div>
</div><div>p 74</div><div>idso co2 BS (long)</div><div>
</div><div>Princeton atomic physicist Will Happer is a quite-distinguished expert in</div><div>that field, but has been Chairman of GMI since 2006, was one of the</div><div>organizers of the APS petition 369 and is vocal in his rejection of</div><div>mainstream climate science. He testified about climate change to the US</div><div>Senate, 02/25/09  370 and a 2nd copy is found at GMI in Happer’s profile. 371</div><div>Ferguson annotated it, inserting many links to CSCDGC and SPPI articles,</div><div>including pieces by Monckton, but disclaiming:372</div><div>
</div><div>“All footnoted cross references added by SPPI; not in original and not by or</div><div>associated with Dr. Happer. Their intent is to provide interested readers with</div><div>related material for consideration.”</div><div>
</div><div>Ferguson calls this a “Reprint,” but the net effect is to “meme-wash” low</div><div>credibility anti-science by modifying Senate testimony so it looks official.</div><div>The Happer Lab website at Princeton features:373</div><div>
</div><div>“On February 25th, 2009, Will Happer spoke before the Committee on</div><div>Environment and Public Works in the U.S. Senate about climate change and</div><div>carbon dioxide. There are several places on the web where you can find his</div><div>testimony—here are two:</div><div>
</div><div> The Environment and Public Works Blog</div><div> The Science and Public Policy Institute”</div><div>The annotated “Reprint” was acceptable to the Happer Lab. The reader</div><div>might wonder that the Happer Lab did not link to the copy at GMI, but</div><div>maybe that connection was deemed unimportant.</div><div>
</div><div>K.4 Summary</div><div>“Charity” donations come to CSCDGC from unspecified sources, but the</div><div>fragmentary data includes ExxonMobil, Scaife, {Lambe, Bradley, and</div><div>DONORS}, of which the latter group sent money to CSCDGC, but at</div><div>Ferguson’s address. IRS-7F. The IRS might inquire about that.</div><div>CSCDGC’s governance is the Idso family. IRS-6G</div><div>I allege that CSCDGC needs investigation for possible violations of charity</div><div>rules on governance and finances, IRS-6G, IRS-7F.</div><div>Craig Idso is listed as a “science advisor” for SPPI, but, in his role as</div><div>CSCDGC Treasurer, pays Ferguson as an employee, unusually well for</div><div>executing a tiny operation.</div><div>
</div><div>I allege that CSCDGC and Ferguson violate charity rules on education</div><div>and research, IRS-0E. The nature of SPPI would have been difficult to</div><div>reconcile with CSCDGC’s claims to do science.</div><div>In any case, SPPI is a fake organization, a front for CSCDGC. The staff is</div><div>essentially Ferguson, with a cast of the usual “advisors.</div><div></div></div></div><div><div><div>=</div><div>
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</div><div><div>wapo</div><div>Health & Science</div><div>
</div><div>White House prepares to scrutinize intelligence agencies’ finding that climate change threatens national security</div><div>
</div><div>The proposed Presidential Committee on Climate Security is being spearheaded by William Happer, a National Security Council senior director.</div><div>The proposed Presidential Committee on Climate Security is being spearheaded by William Happer, a National Security Council senior director. (Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post)</div><div>By </div><div>Juliet Eilperin and </div><div>Missy Ryan </div><div>Feb. 20, 2019</div><div>
</div><div>The White House is working to assemble a panel to assess whether climate change poses a national security threat, according to documents obtained by The Washington Post, a conclusion that federal intelligence agencies have affirmed several times since President Trump took office.</div><div>
</div><div>The proposed Presidential Committee on Climate Security, which would be established by executive order, is being spearheaded by William Happer, a National Security Council senior director. Happer, an emeritus professor of physics at Princeton University, has said that carbon emissions linked to climate change should be viewed as an asset rather than a pollutant....</div><div>
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</div><div><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/06/08/white-house-blocked-intelligence-aides-written-testimony-saying-human-caused-climate-change-could-be-possibly-catastrophic/?tid=lk_inline_manual_34&itid=lk_inline_manual_34">https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/06/08/white-house-blocked-intelligence-aides-written-testimony-saying-human-caused-climate-change-could-be-possibly-catastrophic</a>/?tid=lk_inline_manual_34&itid=lk_inline_manual_34</div><div>
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</div><div><div>no lnx</div><div>
</div><div>Climate and Environment</div><div>
</div><div>White House blocked intelligence agency’s written testimony calling climate change ‘possibly catastrophic’</div><div>
</div><div>Officials sought to excise the State Department’s comments on climate science because they did not mesh with the administration’s stance</div><div>According to the National Park Service, Glacier National Park’s ice sheets are a fraction of the size they were 100 years ago. </div><div>
</div><div>By </div><div>Juliet Eilperin, </div><div>Josh Dawsey and </div><div>Brady Dennis </div><div>June 8, 2019</div><div>
</div><div>White House officials barred a State Department intelligence agency from submitting written testimony this week to the House Intelligence Committee warning that human-caused climate change is “possibly catastrophic.” The move came after State officials refused to excise the document’s references to federal scientific findings on climate change.</div><div>
</div><div>The effort to edit, and ultimately suppress, the prepared testimony by the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research comes as the Trump administration is debating how best to challenge the fact that burning fossil fuels is warming the planet and could pose serious risks unless the world makes deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions over the next decade. Senior military and intelligence officials have continued to warn that climate change could undermine the United States’ national security — a position President Trump rejects....</div></div><div>
</div></div><div>=</div></div></div><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2019/02/20/physicist-william-happer-unmoored-climate-science-denier-heading-white-house-climate-probe">https://www.desmogblog.com/2019/02/20/physicist-william-happer-unmoored-climate-science-denier-heading-white-house-climate-probe</a>2016, retired Princeton physicist Professor <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Will Happer</a> accepted an invitation from conspiracy theorist G. Edward Griffin to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202230407/https://www.freedomforceinternational.org/congress/3rd-congress-2016/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">give a keynote at his conference</a> to talk about the “positive effects of CO2.”Griffin thinks the science behind global warming is a scam. He also thinks there is “no such thing” as the HIV virus and that some plane contrails are part of a political plot to spray the population with poisons.In an interview at the conference, Happer repeated his well-oiled mantra that “CO2 will be good for the Earth” and how it was “pretty clear we are not going to see dangerous climate change.”Under normal circumstances, you might think that Happer's association with a notorious anti-science conspiracy theorist might not look good on your résumè for a government science committee. However, these are not normal times.<h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">White House Probe</h3>But less than three years later, Happer is now on the United States National Security Council and, <a href="https://archive.fo/lX2E8" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">according to the Washington Post</a>, is about to be invited to head a White House committee to assess the risks climate change poses to U.S. national security. A <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226113358/https://www.acq.osd.mil/ie/download/CCARprint.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">2014 Pentagon report </a>concluded that climate impacts including extreme temperatures and rising sea levels were already positing a risk to national security. Happer, 79, has a long list of scientific papers in distinguished journals on optics and atomic physics, but has no training on climate science and has never published a paper in a peer-reviewed journal on climate change.Princeton colleague and climate scientist Professor Michael Oppenheimer has <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2017/feb/21/trumps-potential-science-adviser-william-happer-hanging-around-with-conspiracy-theorists" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">said of Happer</a> that “with respect to climate science and scientists, he is not only unknowledgeable but appears to have become unmoored.”One of the few genuine climate scientists to have engaged with Happer in detail about his interpretation of climate science is Dr. David Karoly, currently leader of the Earth Systems and Climate Change Hub at the Australian government's CSIRO science agency. In 2016, while at the University of Melbourne, Karoly engaged with Happer in a so-called “<a href="https://thebestschools.org/special/karoly-happer-dialogue-global-warming/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">focused civil dialogue</a>” on climate science.Karoly told DeSmog he disengaged from the process after having reservations about the way it was being moderated. “But in the end, I realised that no matter what I said — all based on the peer reviewed science — he was not going to change his view, so I gave up,” said Karoly.   Commenting on Happer's suitability for the White House position, Karoly said: “Usually you would select a scientist with a strong peer-reviewed publication record in the area of interest. But he has not published a single peer-reviewed article on climate change in his career. That would suggest he does not have the credentials. I would argue that he does not have the appropriate experience, or the demonstrated capabilities, to be engaged in this sort of position.”<h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Jews and CO2</h3>In a 2014 interview, Happer repeated a previous comparison he had made between carbon dioxide and the Holocaust. “The demonization of CO2 is just like the demonization of the poor Jews under Hitler. CO2 is actually a benefit to the world, and so were the Jews,” <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2014/07/15/cnbcs-climate-expert-demonization-of-carbon-dio/200107" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">he said</a>.In 2015, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/greenpeace-exposes-sceptics-cast-doubt-climate-science" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Happer was caught in a sting operation</a> after Greenpeace operatives posing as oil and gas industry representatives asked him to write a report on the benefits of CO2. Happer agreed, suggesting payments be made to the CO2 Coalition.For years, Happer has been an active participant in the climate science denial community — serving as a trustee of the Exxon-funded and now-defunct <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/george-c-marshall-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a> and, later, co-founding the institute's next iteration as the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/co2-coalition" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">CO2Coalition</a> with former Exxon manager Roger Cohen.Reacting to Happer’s prospective role in leading an assessment of the national security risks of climate change, Francesco Femia, CEO of the Council on Strategic Risks and co-founder of the Center for Climate and Security, said: “We would welcome a rigorous and independent panel of credible climate and national security experts to study the security implications of climate change. However, this is not that.”“The proposed committee is intended to provide an ‘adversarial’ review of already rigorously-reviewed reports from the intelligence, defense, science, and presumably other agencies, and will be chaired by a vocal climate skeptic that reports to the President. Therefore, it will be neither independent nor rigorous.”Femia told the Washington Post: “This is the equivalent of setting up a committee on nuclear weapons proliferation and having someone lead it who doesn’t think nuclear weapons exist.”[vid]<a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2019/03/12/trump-taps-climate-denier-to-lead-a-secret-white-house-climate-panel">https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2019/03/12/trump-taps-climate-denier-to-lead-a-secret-white-house-climate-panel</a>david aEmeritus Professor of Physics at Princeton University and well-known climate science denier William Happer will lead the Presidential Committee on Climate Security, the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/white-house-readies-panel-to-assess-if-climate-change-poses-a-national-security-threat/2019/02/19/ccc8b29e-3396-11e9-af5b-b51b7ff322e9_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ca13f5312a80" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Washington Post has reported</a>. Happer, a National Security Council senior director since last September, and his panel will “assess whether climate change poses a national security threat,” according to documents obtained by the Washington Post.Happer is a well-regarded researcher in the field of atomic physics and adaptive optics, but has no formal training in climate science. Happer’s name is notorious among climate scientists and environmentalists for his staunch denial of climate change and the science supporting it.Last Thursday, the leaders of four U.S. House Committees <a href="https://science.house.gov/sites/democrats.science.house.gov/files/documents/2.28.19%20Letter%20to%20Trump%20Secret%20Climate%20Panel.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">sent a letter</a> to Trump protesting the move, saying:<blockquote style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 40px; word-spacing: 3.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We are deeply concerned about recent reports that the National Security Council (NSC) is planning to assemble a secret panel, led by a discredited climate change denier, to undermine the overwhelming scientific consensus on the nature and threats of climate change, including to the national security of the United States.</blockquote>The panel will not operate under the standard rules for Federal Advisory Committees, which require open meetings, transparency and public involvement. If the panel meets in secret, its conclusions will not be open to peer review or criticism, hallmarks of science.Trump, who has pulled the U.S. out of the Paris Climate Accord, rolled back the Clean Power Plan, revived plans for Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines, and deregulated the fossil fuel industry, has yet to respond to the congressional letter.<h2 style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px; word-spacing: 3.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Happer’s “CO2 Coalition” Well-Funded by the Far Right</h2>Before joining Trump, Happer served as president of a group called the CO2 Coalition.After a few years of flatlining, global carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/co2-emissions-reached-an-all-time-high-in-2018/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">jumped to an all time high</a> in 2018, but that is not a problem for the CO2 Coalition.CO2 Coalition describes its mission as “educating thought leaders, policy makers, and the public about the important contribution made by carbon dioxide to our lives and the economy.” In a section on its website dubbed, “CO2 Fundamentals,” CO2 Coalition says, “The debate about global warming and climate change has shifted from genuine scientific exploration to a campaign demonizing CO2.”CO2 Coalition has received <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Contributions_of_the_Bradley_Foundation" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">$100,000</a> <a href="http://bradleyfdn.org/Portals/0/pdfs/Report%202017/2017%20Annual%20Report.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">from the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation</a> in 2016 and 2017, according to IRS filings examined by the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD). In an internal Bradley Foundation grant proposal record for CO2 Coalition dated 6/14/2016, Bradley staff writes, “Through strategic public discourse techniques, it will use science to counter the campaign demonizing the use of fossil fuels — a campaign that has effectively replaced scientific inquiry in the climate change debate.”Bradley internal documents show that it is a major funder of the web of climate change denying organizations and that it “has made significant grants to support energy policy think tanks, attack-dog groups that target environmentalists, and efforts to discredit climate science,” <a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2018/07/12/bradley-foundation-funds-web-climate-change-deniers/" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">CMD found</a>.An internal spreadsheet from Bradley shows a matching grant of $130,000 ($132,000 on its 2016 IRS Form) from Scaife Foundation for CO2 Coalition. The <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/scaife-family-foundations" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Scaife Foundation funds many organizations</a> that dispute the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change including: Heartland Institute, Hoover Institution, Heritage Foundation, Competitive Enterprise Institute, and Atlas Economic Research Foundation. Scaife Foundation gave another $135,000 to CO2 Coalition in 2017, its IRS filing shows.The Mercer Family Foundation led by Trump supporter Rebekah Mercer, the daughter of hedge fund billionaire Robert Mercer, is the top supporter of CO2 Coalition with <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mercer_Family_Foundation#Grants" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">$320,000</a> in donations in 2016 and 2017 IRS filings show. A <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/tax-return-shows-mercer-family-fueled-climate-skeptics_us_5c12be38e4b0cce3ea29d15f" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Huffington Post report</a>late last year detailed more than $4 million from the foundation in grants to climate skeptics in 2017.Charles Koch, billionaire owner of one of America’s biggest polluters Koch Industries, has also given to CO2 Coalition but an examination of IRS filings raises some questions. Charles Koch Foundation (CKF) details <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Koch_Family_Foundations" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">$32,409</a> to CO2 Coalition in 2016 and 2017 and Charles Koch Institute (CKI) <a href="https://mk0qeluyepi9drvw7cng.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/CHARLES-KOCH-INSTITUTE-2017-990-AMENDED-PDC.pdf" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">$10,000</a> in 2017 on their individual IRS filings, but CO2 Coalition’s detail no contributions from CKF and $46,409 from CKI in <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5766143-CO2-Coalition-2016-990.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">2016</a> and <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5766144-CO2-Coalition-2017-990.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">2017</a>.Other major contributors to Happer’s climate science denial outfit include many of the major right-wing funders:<ul style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; word-spacing: 3.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5766143-CO2-Coalition-2016-990.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">$125,000</a> <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5766144-CO2-Coalition-2017-990.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">from Searle Freedom Trust (2016-2017)</a></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5766143-CO2-Coalition-2016-990.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">$125,000</a> <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5766144-CO2-Coalition-2017-990.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">from Thomas W. Smith Foundation (2016-2017)</a></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5766143-CO2-Coalition-2016-990.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">$50,000</a> from Achelis and Bodman Foundations (2016)</li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: initial; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5766144-CO2-Coalition-2017-990.html" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">$40,000</a> from the Randolph Foundation (2017)</li></ul>
wapono lnx
Health & ScienceWhite House prepares to scrutinize intelligence agencies’ finding that climate change threatens national security The proposed Presidential Committee on Climate Security is being spearheaded by William Happer, a National Security Council senior director. (Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post)By Juliet Eilperin andMissy Ryan February 20The White House is working to assemble a panel to assess whether climate change poses a national security threat, according to documents obtained by The Washington Post, a conclusion that federal intelligence agencies have affirmed several times since President Trump took office.
The proposed Presidential Committee on Climate Security, which would be established by executive order, is being spearheaded by William Happer, a National Security Council senior director. Happer, an emeritus professor of physics at Princeton University, has said that carbon emissions linked to climate change should be viewed as an asset rather than a pollutant.The initiative represents the Trump administration’s most recent attempt to question the findings of federal scientists and experts on climate change and comes less than three weeks after Director of National Intelligence Daniel Coats delivered a worldwide threat assessment that identified it as a significant security risk.In late November, Trump dismissed a government report finding that global warming is intensifying and poses a major threat the U.S. economy, saying, “I don’t see it.” Last month, his nominee to head the Environmental Protection Agency, acting administrator Andrew Wheeler, testified that he did not see climate change as one of the world’s pressing challenges.According to the NSC discussion paper, the order would create a federal advisory committee “to advise the President on scientific understanding of today’s climate, how the climate might change in the future under natural and human influences, and how a changing climate could affect the security of the United States.”The document notes that the government has issued several major reports under Trump identifying climate change as a serious threat. “However, these scientific and national security judgments have not undergone a rigorous independent and adversarial scientific peer review to examine the certainties and uncertainties of climate science, as well as implications for national security,” it said.Francesco Femia, chief executive of the Council on Strategic Risks and co-founder of the Center for Climate and Security, said in an interview that the plan appeared to be an effort to undermine the consensus within the national intelligence community that climate change needs to be addressed to avert serious consequences.“This is the equivalent of setting up a committee on nuclear-weapons proliferation and having someone lead it who doesn’t think nuclear weapons exist,” he said. “It’s honestly a blunt-force political tool designed to shut the national security community up on climate change.”[Trump administration report says climate damage is ‘intensifying’ in U.S.]It is unclear how much support Happer’s initiative has inside the administration: Deputies from more than a dozen agencies have been invited to attend a meeting on the topic on Friday in the White House Situation Room.Several agencies declined to comment on the matter this week, including the NSC, the Pentagon, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and Office of the Director of National Intelligence.Happer, who worked at the Energy Department under George H.W. Bush and joined the White House in September to work on “emerging technologies,” is not formally trained as a climate scientist. He developed a national reputation for his work on laser technology used in missile defense and on the interactions between light and atoms.He has sat on the boards of two advocacy groups that have questioned whether global warming poses a serious risk, the CO2 Coalition and the George C. Marshall Institute. Last March, when asked in connection with court proceedings whether he had received money from the fossil fuel industry, Happer said he had been given somewhere between $10,000 and $15,000 from Peabody Coal to testify before a Minnesota Public Utilities Commission hearing.During a December 2016 energy and climate policy summit sponsored by the conservative Heritage Foundation, Happer explained that the CO2 Coalition aimed to counter the idea that carbon dioxide is a pollutant because it is the primary driver of recent climate change.
“I like to call this the CO2 anti-defamation league,” he said, gesturing to a slide, “because there is the CO2 molecule, and it has undergone decade after decade of abuse, for no reason.
“We’re doing our best to try and counter this myth that CO2 is a dangerous pollutant,” he said. “It’s not a pollutant at all. .?.?. We should be telling the scientific truth, that more CO2 is actually a benefit to the earth.”
Most scientists have taken a different view, concluding that the world must curb its carbon output dramatically in the next few decades or risk dire consequences. Global temperatures have risen roughly 1 degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, from preindustrial levels. A U.N. report issued in October said the world has to cut its emissions by more than 1 billion tons each year over the next decade to keep the rise from exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius.
The Trump administration, however, has accelerated domestic fossil fuel production and sought to reverse most of the curbs on greenhouse gas emissions adopted under President Barack Obama. Last year the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration published an analysis predicting that global temperature rise could reach 4 degrees Celsius, or 7 degrees Fahrenheit, by 2100 under the government’s current trajectory.
While several Trump appointees have argued that climate change does not pose a significant risk to the nation’s defense capabilities, the Pentagon and intelligence agencies have reached the opposite conclusion.
[Trump grows frustrated with Coats, leading some to fear he might be fired]
The assessment Coats submitted on Jan. 29 to the Senate Intelligence Committee, for example, states, “Global environmental and ecological degradation, as well as climate change, are likely to fuel competition for resources, economic distress, and social discontent through 2019 and beyond.
The Defense Department said in a report submitted to Congress in mid-January that several dozen military installations around the nation already are experiencing climate impacts. The assessment, which called climate change “a national security issue,” said rising seas, wildfires and other such disasters are likely to create more severe problems for the military in the coming years.Juliet EilperinJuliet Eilperin is The Washington Post's senior national affairs correspondent, covering how the new administration is transforming a range of U.S. policies and the federal government itself. She is the author of two books — one on sharks and another on Congress, not to be confused with each other — and has worked for The Post since 1998. Follow 
Missy RyanMissy Ryan writes about the Pentagon, military issues and national security for The Washington Post. She joined The Post in 2014 from Reuters, where she reported on U.S. national security and foreign policy issues. She has reported from Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Lebanon, Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Mexico, Peru, Argentina and Chile. =<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/02/climate-science-deniers-trump-admin-happer-wehrum-rollins-wynn-simmons" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/02/climate-science-deniers-trump-admin-happer-wehrum-rollins-wynn-simmons</a>readfearnhere are five folks spearheading the United States government who think that when it comes to climate change, they know better than all of the world’s main scientific institutions.There’s <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/donald-trump" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Donald Trump</a> himself, of course, who famously tweeted that climate change was a hoax invented by the Chinese, and said that <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/01/28/donald-trump-piers-morgan-interview-climate-denial-rebekah-robert-mercer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">a cold snap in the weather</a> overturns a century or more of scientific inquiry.Then there’s energy secretary <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/rick-perry" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Rick Perry</a>, whose fuzzy logic on the science sees him unconvinced that CO2 is the key driver of climate change.<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/ryan-zinke" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Ryan Zinke</a>, Secretary of the Interior, is similarly confused and non-committal about the impacts of burning fossil fuels, as is former coal-lobbyist-turned-EPA head <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/andrew-wheeler" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Andrew Wheeler</a>. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ben-carson-believe-candidate-stands-10-issues" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">said in 2015 that climate change was “irrelevant,”</a> that temperatures were driven by natural cycles and, since then, has<a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/it-doesnt-matter-if-cities-are-climate-change-proof-if-no-one-can-afford-to-live-in-them/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;"> avoided questions about the role of human activity in climate change</a>.OK, so there are more than five (with <a href="https://www.factcheck.org/2016/11/pences-stance-on-climate-change/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Mike Pence</a>, <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/07/trump-climate-change-deniers-443533" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Mike Pompeo, and Jeff Sessions</a> among those who have denied the science in the past), but these five are well positioned to influence the energy and climate policies of the nation.Wheeler, for example, is driving through cuts to national efficiency standards for motor vehicles and is relaxing pollution rules on coal power plants. Zinke and Perry are aggresively promoting fossil fuel growth with Trump as the climate-wrecker-in-chief. Carson heads an agency that has a role in promoting (or not) <a href="https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/HUD2014CCADAPTPLAN.PDF" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">climate change adaptation and resilience</a> for homes and properties, particularly after natural disasters.Remembering not only do these five reject the advice of the world’s major science academies, but also the expertise of the scientists working in their own government agencies.But while these five might be relative household names with their views well reported, DeSmog presents five lesser-known climate science deniers inside the administration who are also in positions to gut federal action on climate and promote fossil fuel-friendly policies, backed by their own convictions that climate change just isn't much of a problem.<h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Will Happer</h3><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Will Happer</a>, emeritus professor from Princeton University, was once in the running as Trump’s science advisor but has now been appointed to the National Security Council, specializing in emerging technologies.After news of Happer’s appointment became public, <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/trump-adds-physicist-will-happer-climate-science-opponent-white-house-staff" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Science</a>, republishing E&E News, characterized the 79-year-old physicist as a “vocal critic of mainstream climate science.”But Happer is more than a mere critic — he has acted as an enabler and activist against action on climate change for well over a decade.For years, Happer was chairman at the George Marshall Institute and then, when that was shuttered, he founded the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/co2-coalition" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">CO2Coalition</a> with former Exxon director, the late <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/roger-cohen" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Roger Cohen</a>. Both groups took fringe positions on the science of climate change, with Happer claiming that adding more fossil fuel emissions into the atmosphere will be good for humans.In 2015, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/greenpeace-exposes-sceptics-cast-doubt-climate-science" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Happer was caught in a sting by Greenpeace</a> when he offered to write a report on the “benefits” of CO2 for a fake oil client and then hide the funding, which would be directed to the CO2 Coalition. Since then, that group has received funding from the foundation of Trump backer and hedge fund billionaire <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/robert-mercer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Robert Mercer</a>.In December 2016, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2017/feb/21/trumps-potential-science-adviser-william-happer-hanging-around-with-conspiracy-theorists" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Happer attended a conference</a> organized by conspiracy theorist G. Edward Griffin. Now he’s on the National Security Council.Late in 2017, the Trump administration <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/dec/18/trump-drop-climate-change-national-security-strategy" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">nixed climate change from a list of global threats</a> to the U.S. in the National Security Strategy. It's safe to say Happer won't be leading any pushes to add it back in.<h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Bill Wehrum</h3><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/william-wehrum" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Bill Wehrum</a> is the U.S. government’s most senior official on air pollution, as the assistant administrator in the Office of Air and Radiation at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).Wehrum is a long-serving lawyer for the coal industry, as well as petrochemical and petroleum industry groups (such as <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/koch-industries-inc" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Koch Industries</a>).Wehrum’s office is also tasked with looking at regulations to tackle power plant pollution and climate change and recently proposed the Affordable Clean Energy rule as a replacement for Obama's Clean Power Plan. But as the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/19/us/politics/epa-coal-emissions-standards-william-wehrum.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">New York Times reported</a>, Wehrum has been delivering big time for his former fossil fuel industry clients by proposing the new rule, which EPA's own analysis shows would increase premature deaths from pollution.One former EPA director, Bruce Buckheit, told the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/19/us/politics/epa-coal-emissions-standards-william-wehrum.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">New York Times</a>: “They basically found the most aggressive and knowledgeable fox and said, ‘Here are the keys to the hen-house.'”Over a decade earlier, Wehrum was in the same position at EPA as he is now and back then argued against granting California a Clean Air Act waiver to set more stringent pollution standards for vehicles. Back in power at the EPA, he ran the agency's midterm review of auto emissions standards, which this year <a href="https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/midterm-evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">recommended rolling back</a> the stricter standards proposed by the Obama administration.Under question during his confirmation hearings, Wehrum claimed that CO2 emissions as a main driver of climate change, which the government’s own scientists confirm, was to him an “open question." [vid]Brooke RollinsRollins was an aide to Texas Governor Rick Perry before spending 15 years leading the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/texas-public-policy-foundation" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Texas Public Policy Foundation</a> (TPPF), which she left in early 2018 to become assistant to the president in the Office of American Innovation (OIA), based in the White House (<a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tariniparti/jared-kushners-pet-project-is-missing-a-signature#.ck7gJ1kXQ" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">some wonder what the OIA actually does</a>).During her time at TPPF, Rollins promoted the work of the organization’s <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/kathleen-hartnett-white" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Kathleen Hartnett White</a>, a climate science denier and fossil fuel evangelist whose controversial nomination to lead the White House Council on Environmental Quality was ultimately withdrawn.In August 2018, Rollins appeared at the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Heartland Institute</a>’s energy conference alongside that think tank’s new president <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/tim-huelskamp" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Tim Huelskamp.</a>At the conference, Rollins nodded as Huelskamp suggested American schoolchildren’s heads were being “filled with mush” about the dangers of CO2.When asked if the inner-workings of the White House were as chaotic as some media had claimed, Rollins replied: “Is there chaos? Yes. But I would say it’s like the chaos of my home — having four children in five years.”Home life was like a “goat rodeo,” she said, and working in the White House wasn’t “much different.”While at TPPF, Rollins wrote that <a href="https://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/energy-environment/335908-trump-should-kill-the-failing-paris-agreement" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Trump should exit the Paris climate agreement</a>. What she's actually doing in her role with OIA remains unclear, but the fact that she appeared at the America First Energy Conference, hosted by a climate science denying think tank, indicates she isn't likely straying from her previous positions on climate and energy.<h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Todd Wynn</h3><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/todd-wynn" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Todd Wynn</a> is director of the Interior Department’s Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs after spending years in pro-fossil fuel industry think tanks, many with Koch network connections.On Wynn’s CV is his time working at the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/american-legislative-exchange-council" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">American Legislative Exchange Council</a> (ALEC), the corporate bill mill where he led that group’s energy task force.In that position, he fought against state renewable energy mandates and federal regulation of fracking fluids.Lisa Graves, co-director of DocumentedInvestigations.org, has described Wynn as an “aggressive fossil fuel insider.”In his new position with the Department of the Interior, Wynn is responsible for “strengthen[ing] relationships between state and local partners and external stakeholders” with Secretary Zinke's office, which, by the looks of it, has already been quite <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/lobbyist-regulations-interior-department_us_5ad10ac8e4b0edca2cb9b45f" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">cozy with fossil fuel stakeholders</a>.An investigation by <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/todd-wynn-interior-ethics_us_5b23f523e4b0f9178a9cd1fc" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">HuffPost</a> alleged Wynn may have violated an ethics pledge by continuing to liaise with former associates while in his new job.“Wynn has been a rising star in the influential network of fossil fuel-funded think tanks that push policies and produce pseudoscientific research to muddle the debate on climate change,” the HuffPost report detailed.Wynn has himself questioned the role that fossil fuel emissions have on warming the planet, suggesting in 2010 that it was “absolutely ridiculous” to claim CO2 was driving climate change.<h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Daniel Simmons</h3>Who better to lead the Trump administration's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy than a man who once asked for that same office to be closed while barracking for fossil fuels? <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/daniel-simmons" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Daniel Simmons</a> is just that guy.As <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/05/06/trump-taps-renewable-energy-antagonist-run-renewable-energy-office" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">reported by DeSmog</a> and others, Simmons spent years working for so-called “free market think tanks,” including the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/institute-energy-research" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Institute for Energy Research</a>, before joining the Trump transition team and then securing the nomination for the role, located in the Department of Energy.Simmons has a history of working at organizations that attack programs aimed at encouraging the development of clean energy industries like solar and wind power. But in 2015, the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/american-energy-alliance-aea" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">American Energy Alliance</a> (AEA), where he was working, attacked the office Simmons now heads, writing disapprovingly that its role was to “promote and subsidize 'clean energy' as determined by government bureaucrats.”The office, AEA wrote, “aims to control multiple sectors of the economy, from energy production and transmission to manufacturing and construction.” Cutting the office entirely could “save” the administration more than $9 billion. Simmons himself has claimed that the costs of the Paris climate agreement target of keeping global temperatures below 2 degrees Celsius would be greater than any benefits.Perfect man for the job? In the Trump administration, the answer is yes.<div style=""></div><div style="">
</div><div style="">ref1</div><div style="">https://YYY.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2016/dec/06/more-terrifying-than-trump-the-booming-conspiracy-culture-of-climate-science-denial</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><div>For years now geologists have been politely but forcefully arguing over the existence or otherwise of a new epoch – one that might have started decades ago.</div><div>
</div><div>Some of the world’s most respected geologists and scientists reckon humans have had such a profound impact on the Earth that we’ve now moved out of the Holocene and into the Anthropocene.</div><div>
</div><div>It’s not official. But it’s close.</div><div>
</div><div>Dropping nuclear bombs and burning billions of tonnes of fossil fuels will do that to a planet, as will clearing swaths of forests to make way for food production and supermarket car parks and the like.</div><div>
</div><div>The Anthropocene epoch: scientists declare dawn of human-influenced age</div><div> Read more</div><div>
</div><div>That’s all in the real world though, and sometimes you might get the horrible, chilling idea that when it comes to the production of our thoughts and ideas, that’s not the place a lot of us live anymore.</div><div>
</div><div>So I’d like to also propose the idea of an impending new epoch – the Trumpocene – that in the spirit of the era itself is based solely on a few thoughts held loosely together with hyperlinks and a general feeling of malaise.</div><div>
</div><div>In the Trumpocene, the epoch-defining impacts of climate change are nothing more than a conspiracy. Even if these impacts are real, then they’re probably good for us.</div><div>
</div><div>The era is named, of course, for the phenomenon that is Donald Trump, the Republican pick for US president whose candidacy has been defined by a loose grasp of facts, jingoistic posturing, populist rhetoric, his amazing hair and his treatment of women.</div><div>
</div><div>So what are the things that might define the Trumpocene?</div><div>
</div><div>Is it the point at which large numbers of people started to reject the views of large groups of actual experts – people with university qualifications and things – in exchange for the views of anyone who agrees with them? (Brexit, anyone?)</div><div>
</div><div>How about that point when a critical mass of people have become convinced that they can Google their way out of the laws of physics?</div><div>
</div><div>Let’s go and dig for evidence of the Trumpocene.</div><div>
</div><div>A few months ago, Trump gave an interview to polemicist and conspiracy theorist Alex Jones, who could be the angriest person on the internet.</div><div>
</div><div>Jones has a regular online radio and TV show called Infowars that has expanded beyond being a vehicle for Jones’s cult personality to include regular news bulletins and a line in “alternative” health therapies.</div><div>
</div><div>Las Vegas shooting was 'false flag' operation, InfoWars founder claims</div><div> Read more</div><div>Jones thinks that climate change is a scam being forced on us by the United Nations, which, in turn, is a totalitarian regime and kingpin of a new world order.</div><div>
</div><div>The a fervent Trump supporter has told his viewers that the both US president, Barack Obama, and the Democrat nominee, Hilary Clinton, were “literal demons” who smelt of sulphur. I kid you not.</div><div>
</div><div>In Australia, we have a senator who similarly sees climate change as a thing made up by the UN. Our top-rating radio host, Alan Jones (no relation), has said climate science is “witchcraft”.</div><div>
</div><div>Now, before I go on, there’s a prevailing view (often expressed in the comments of this blog) that climate science deniers and oddballs like Alex Jones should be ignored. In some ways, those commenters are right.</div><div>
</div><div>But then you look at the popularity of people like Jones and see that, to increasing numbers of people, they are not people to be ignored, but are paragons of fearless truth-telling.</div><div>
</div><div>There’s a demographic to which rhetoric from people like Jones and, more broadly, Trump, appeals.</div><div>
</div><div>Jones’s YouTube account has about 1.6 million subscribers and is growing. He has 1.2m likes on his Facebook account. His website, according to SimilarWeb, was getting 27m pageviews a month back in February. Now it’s at 36m.</div><div>
</div><div>Earlier this year Jones snagged a rare interview with the conservative blogger Matt Drudge. Jones and Drudge expressed mutual admiration.</div><div>
</div><div>Drudge’s news and opinion aggregator website, the Drudge Report, is a genuine web phenomenon and considered hugely influential.</div><div>
</div><div>With about 1.37bn page views a month, the Drudge Report is the second-ranked media site in the United States — 600m views behind msn.com but 300m ahead of Google’s news page.</div><div>
</div><div>The Drudge Report also tends to link to news items that disparage any action to cut greenhouse gas emissions.</div><div>
</div><div>There’s now a whole media ecosystem that climate science denialism can exist inside, where there’s little scrutiny of the views of deniers. US-based sites like the Drudge Report, Infowars, Breitbart and Daily Caller are part of that ecosystem.</div><div>
</div><div>As the Guardian’s Roy Greenslade notes, Breitbart “has the dubious honour of challenging Fox News’s status as America’s most influential conservative media outlet”.</div><div>
</div><div>Not only is the outlet having influence, but its executive chairman, Stephen Bannon, is running Trump’s campaign.</div><div>
</div><div>Breitbart too is growing its audience, according to those SimilarWeb statistics. In February 2016 the site registered 89m page views. In August, it was up to 143m.</div><div>
</div><div>Conspiracy central: the activists painting Clinton as a sick, terrorist-friendly killer</div><div> Read more</div><div>Another characteristic of the Trumpocene might be the heightened levels of hubris combined with triumphant rhetoric and the tendency towards insults.</div><div>
</div><div>The Breitbart writer James Delingpole, for example, rejects the evidence of human-caused climate change. Last week he described a Royal Society fellow and climate scientist as a “puffed-up missy”.</div><div>
</div><div>“What a bunch of disgraceful, money-grubbing, charlatans the climate alarmists are,” wrote Delingpole, before then trying to link “climate alarmists” with child abusers.</div><div>
</div><div>For a while, maybe the Trumpocene and the Anthropocene can coexist.</div><div>
</div><div>But even though they exist on separate plains, can we really afford to dismiss the impact of either of them?</div></div><div style="">=</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">ref2</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">https://YYY.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2016/dec/06/more-terrifying-than-trump-the-booming-conspiracy-culture-of-climate-science-denial</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><div>no lnx</div><div>more terrifying than Trump? The booming conspiracy culture of climate science denial</div><div>Graham Readfearn</div><div>Conspiracy websites and hyperpartisan media outlets are building huge online audiences who want to hear climate change is a hoax</div><div>
</div><div> @readfearn</div><div>Tue 6 Dec 2016 01.52 EST Last modified on Wed 14 Feb 2018 12.08 </div><div>
</div><div> The US president-elect, Donald Trump, who has praised the conspiracy theorist and founder of Infowars.com, Alex Jones. Photograph: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images</div><div>Back in December 2015, Donald Trump gave a 30-minute live interview to the website Infowars.com and its combustible leader, Alex Jones.</div><div>
</div><div>“Your reputation is amazing and I will not let you down,” said Trump, who, at the time, was leading in most polls for the Republican presidential nomination.</div><div>
</div><div>Jones, a fervent Trump supporter, is a conspiracy theorist writ large. He insists there is “iron clad” evidence that the 11 September terrorist attacks in the US were an “inside job”.</div><div>
</div><div>How a dubious tweet about illegal votes found its way to Trump's megaphone</div><div> Read more</div><div>Jones has also said that in 1996 governments deployed a worldwide program to secretly put chemicals into the fuel of aircraft to poison people. These “chemtrails” don’t hurt the “globalists” though, because Jones says they have a “special detox”.</div><div>
</div><div>Oh, and Jones also thinks climate change is a hoax.</div><div>
</div><div>Climate change is an issue he covers regularly on his shows, where he has interviewed climate science deniers such as Christopher Monckton (a familiar name to Australians given his multiple speaking tours here), Marc Morano and James Delingpole.</div><div>
</div><div>While it’s easy to dismiss the conspiracy culture pushed by Jones as pseudoscientific rubbish, it is not so easy to dismiss the size of the audience he has been building. Jones’s website gets 57m page views per month – double where it was six months ago.</div><div>
</div><div>According to analytics site Social Blade, the Alex Jones YouTube channel has 1.8m subscribers and just racked up its one billionth (that’s not a typo) video view. (For comparison, the BBC News YouTube channel has 992,000 subscribers.)</div><div>
</div><div>Jones’s Infowars site is part of an ecosystem of hyperpartisan media outlets that insist climate change is a hoax. Like Jones, that ecosystem is rapidly building a receptive online audience.</div><div>
</div><div>Those sites can now reach hundreds of millions of people with headlines insisting that human-caused climate change is a hoax, that global warming has stopped or that adding CO2 to the atmosphere is good.</div><div>
</div><div>One example. The most popular climate change story across social media in the past six months was not some diligently researched piece from one of the many very good science journalists writing for major news organisations around the world.</div><div>
</div><div>Rather, the story claimed that thousands of scientists had come forward to declare that climate change was a hoax. The writer was a guy running a website in Los Angeles who worked for eight years for the UK conspiracy theorist David Icke.</div><div>
</div><div>Icke thinks the moon might be some sort of spaceship, that the world is controlled by a globalist illuminati and, yes, that climate change is a hoax. Icke is a regular guest on Infowars.</div><div>
</div><div>Infowars will often source material from Breitbart – the website that used to be run by Trump’s campaign chairman and soon-to-be chief strategist, Steve Bannon.</div><div>
</div><div>Many of Breitbart’s most popular climate change items are written by Delingpole, a British polemicist. Guess what he thinks of climate change?</div><div>
</div><div>Given that climate science denial has become a part of the Republican party’s identity, it was hardly surprising that the GOP-led House of Representatives committee on science should tweet a link to a Breitbart climate story written by Delingpole (a story based on a deeply misleading article in the UK’s Daily Mail).</div><div>
</div><div>Breitbart is also building its audience. According to data from SimilarWeb, the site now gets 168m page views per month, doubling its reach in the past six months.</div><div>
</div><div>The Drudge Report – the wildly popular conservative-leaning news aggregator site with 1.7bn page views a month – also helps drive traffic to sites such as Infowars and Breitbart. Its founder, Matt Drudge, was another recent guest of Jones.</div><div>
</div><div>Since Trump won the US election, there has been much talk of the influence of “fake news”, with Facebook in particular identified as a key conduit. That encompasses news that is blatantly fabricated but also lounge room content farms that pass themselves off as news. Then there are the hyperpartisan opinion sites.</div><div>
</div><div>I’m happy to admit the online growth and reach of climate science denialists and conspiracy theorists terrifies me. Why?</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>LeBron James will not stay at Trump-branded hotel in New York</div><div> Read more]</div><div>
</div><div>The problem is not that these sites exist but that not enough people seem to know the difference between actual news, fake news, partisan opinion and conspiratorial bullshit. One of those people is the president-elect of the United States.</div><div>
</div><div>Either that, or people don’t even care to differentiate between fake and real, especially if what they read taps into their own prejudices.</div><div>
</div><div>There is a concerted attempt to cut sensible climate policy off at the knees by building a popular online movement against the science itself.</div><div>
</div><div>For decades, the fossil fuel industry and so-called “free market” ideologues at conservative thinktanks have misled the public on the science and the risks of climate change.</div><div>
</div><div>Now, the decades of material produced by that climate science denial machinery is finding a new audience. Those talking points are being reheated and screamed, in FULL CAPS.</div><div>
</div><div>So what’s the answer? No one seems to know but much appears to be in the hands of Google and Facebook.</div><div>
</div><div>Other than that, a crash course in critical thinking and recognising climate science denial brought to you by the illuminati might be the order of the day.</div></div><div style="">
</div><div style="">=</div><div style="">ref3</div><div style="">https://YYY.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2017/feb/21/trumps-potential-science-adviser-william-happer-hanging-around-with-conspiracy-theorists</div><div style="">
</div><div style=""><div>no lnx many vids</div><div>
</div><div>Trump's potential science adviser William Happer: hanging around with conspiracy theorists</div><div>
</div><div>Graham Readfearn</div><div>The Princeton atomic physicist is no climate scientist – and he’s pushing the same old denier myths</div><div>
</div><div> @readfearn</div><div>Mon 20 Feb 2017 23.14 EST Last modified on Thu 5 Jul 2018 16.52 EDT</div><div> William Happer: who is Trump’s likely science adviser? – video report</div><div>
</div><div>William Happer is a physicist at Princeton University – one of those US academic institutions with brand recognition for academic excellence that travels the globe.</div><div>
</div><div>Happer is well known for his contrarian views (that’s the polite term) on human-caused climate change.</div><div>
</div><div>So when it emerged last week that the professor might seriously be in the running to be President Donald Trump’s science adviser, that Princeton tag no doubt added an air of authority to his opinions.</div><div>
</div><div>In short, Happer thinks more CO2 will only be good for the planet – putting him at odds with science academies around the world.</div><div>
</div><div>Trump's likely science adviser calls climate scientists 'glassy-eyed cult'</div><div> Read more</div><div>
</div><div>“There’s a whole area of climate so-called science that is really more like a cult,” Happer told the Guardian. “It’s like Hare Krishna or something like that. They’re glassy-eyed and they chant. It will potentially harm the image of all science.”</div><div>
</div><div>Happer has also compared the “demonisation” of carbon dioxide to the “demonisation of poor Jews under Hitler” – because a Nazi reference will always get you noticed.</div><div>
</div><div>But here’s the thing — the first of many to note about Happer. First, he is not, by any stretch, an expert on climate change science.</div><div>
</div><div>Happer’s record of getting scientific papers published in leading journals on climate change science is at, or very close to, zero. Simply, he knows a lot about some stuff, but he is not a climate scientist.</div><div>
</div><div>While he has a distinguished career as an atomic physicist, previously serving the administration of George HW Bush as a science director, the 77-year-old’s views on climate science are outnumbered by all the credible evidence, all the credible science agencies and are also being laughed at by the Earth’s thermometers and its melting ice sheets and glaciers.</div><div>
</div><div>Prof Michael Oppenheimer has scores of articles on climate science in leading journals going back to the mid-1990s. He’s a climate scientist … at Princeton.</div><div>
</div><div>So what does Oppenheimer think of his colleague?</div><div>
</div><div>“With respect to climate science and scientists,” Oppenheimer told me by email, “[Happer] is not only unknowledgeable but appears to have become unmoored.”</div><div>
</div><div>Ouch. But then, maybe Oppenheimer has glassy eyes?</div><div>
</div><div>Happer has laid out his thoughts on climate change in some detail in an ongoing Focused Civil Dialogue (my irony meter just exploded) with the Australian climate scientist Prof David Karoly.</div><div>
</div><div>While Happer’s contribution seems technical, it’s the same parade of zombie talking points that actual climate scientists have been dealing with for years.</div><div>
</div><div>Happer says CO2 levels and temperatures have been much higher in the past and that life “flourished” under these conditions many millions of years ago.</div><div>
</div><div>He doesn’t mention that during those times sea levels were probably several metres – sometimes well over 10 metres – higher than they are today. If that’s the world you want to advocate, then it’s time to call the removal guys for most of the world’s major coastal cities.</div><div>
</div><div>The climate scientist Dr Nerilie Abram, of Australian National University, specialises in the climate of the ancient past. She told me:</div><div>
</div><div>Warm periods in Earth’s past tell us a lot about how our climate works and what we can expect if we don’t act to halt current climate change. The last time that temperatures were similar to now, this caused parts of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets to slowly melt and sea level globally ended up six to nine metres higher than now. If we go back 3 million years – the last time carbon dioxide levels were at today’s level – sea level was probably around 10 to 40 metres higher. Life on Earth might not be fazed by those numbers or even higher ones, but for human civilisations they would be catastrophic.</div><div>
</div><div>Happer also rolls out that mouldy old chestnut that CO2 is just food for plants, but ignores the research on the impacts that higher concentrations of CO2 will have on our global food supply.</div><div>
</div><div>Research into some staple crops such as rice, wheat and sorghum, for example, finds that they end up with less protein when CO2 is at higher concentrations. That’s before you worry about how food crops will cope with droughts and heatwaves.</div><div>
</div><div>At a conference in December Happer said his “main concern” was that climate change was “likely to damage public perceptions of science”.</div><div>
</div><div>If Happer is concerned about the reputation of science, then he’s picking some very odd places to hang around – that conference being one of them.</div><div>
</div><div>The Arizona gathering was organised by Freedom Force International – a group led by the famed conspiracy theorist G Edward Griffin. He fits right in with the booming culture of conspiracy that’s growing big audiences online.</div><div>
</div><div>Among many other things, Griffin has said there is “no such thing” as HIV and that human-caused climate change is a hoax.</div><div>
</div><div>Griffin also promotes conspiracies around “chemtrails”. Just punch that word into your favourite search engine for hours of family fun (don’t actually do that).</div><div>
</div><div>To summarise, there’s a plan to spray the atmosphere with chemicals added to planes to poison everyone and “they” are using weather modification as a weapon.</div><div>
</div><div>Griffin has said “somebody is spending a lot of money and effort to spray the planet” and that this is probably some international effort.</div><div>
</div><div>Also appearing at the conference was the British hereditary peer and climate science denier Lord Christopher Monckton, who likes to say he was appointed as a reviewer of the last big UN intergovernmental panel on climate change report without mentioning that, literally, you need no qualifications and can “appoint” yourself.</div><div>
</div><div>Happer’s speech to the conference isn’t yet online but an interview he gave at the venue after is.</div><div>
</div><div>Facebook Twitter Pinterest]</div><div>
</div><div>William Happer gives an interview on the sidelines of a Freedom Force International conference in Arizona in December]</div><div>
</div><div>He goes over the same ground. CO2 is really awesome and life would be much better if there was a lot more of it.</div><div>
</div><div>“I don’t think there are any cons to CO2 … we are really in a CO2 famine,” he says. “My main concern is that it’s likely to damage public perceptions of science. I am hoping that I and other scientists can persuade the public that we are not all for sale.”</div><div>
</div><div>I’m struggling to understand how someone concerned with the reputation of science would want to lend his name, and the name of Princeton University, to a conference organised by conspiracy theorists.</div><div>
</div><div>Greenpeace exposes sceptics hired to cast doubt on climate science</div><div> Read more</div><div>This is also the bit when we mention that Happer was caught in a sting by Greenpeace activists in 2015, when he offered to write a report on the benefits of carbon dioxide for a fake fossil fuel client while avoiding any need to disclose the funding’s source.</div><div>
</div><div>Happer asked that rather than pay him, the fake lobbyists should instead pay the CO2 Coalition – a climate science denial group based in the US. Tax documents list Happer as a director and president.</div><div>
</div><div>He has also given evidence in a court case on behalf of the coal company Peabody Energy where he similarly asked that his fee go to the CO2 Coalition. He laid these facts out in emails released by Greenpeace, stating that the coalition did not pay him any fees or salary.</div><div>
</div><div>Remembering Happer’s dislike of science being “for sale”, it’s noteworthy that his CO2 Coalition colleague Patrick Moore was paid last year by a major European coal lobby organisation to give a presentation in Strasbourg telling the audience we should “celebrate CO2”.</div><div>
</div><div>No doubt Happer would argue that money does not influence the views of people like Moore, though he does say that it influences actual climate scientists who get research grants from universities and governments. Go figure.</div><div>
</div><div>Whether or not Happer gets the gig as Trump’s science adviser remains to be seen. But given the climate science deniers and fossil fuel advocates who Trump has already employed, it seems Happer will fit right in.</div></div><div style="">
</div><div style=""></div>failing up!
<a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="https://desmogblog.cmail19.com/t/t-l-uuiyiyy-yuirlyty-yu/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Will Happer</a> has been chosen by President Trump to join the National Security Council as senior director for emerging technologies, an odd role for a man who denies basic climate science, claiming "warming will be very beneficial," and “A coal power plant and a person are emitting essentially the same thing. Mostly water vapor and CO2. […] So CO2 is not a pollutant.”Happer once offered to produce denier-for-hire "research" promoting the benefits of carbon dioxide for $250 per hour (not realizing he was talking to undercover Greenpeace journalists). He's received funding from the scandalous Heartland Institute, and thousands of dollars from coal giant Peabody Energy which was disclosed and verified in a court of law, although that didn't stop <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="https://desmogblog.cmail19.com/t/t-l-uuiyiyy-yuirlyty-jl/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Happer from angrily yelling at a Greenpeace investigator,</a> “you son of a btch, I haven’t taken a dime.” Awkward!Read the <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="https://desmogblog.cmail19.com/t/t-l-uuiyiyy-yuirlyty-jr/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">full profile </a>and browse other individuals and organizations in our <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="https://desmogblog.cmail19.com/t/t-l-uuiyiyy-yuirlyty-jy/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">research database</a>.In addition to providing the start-up funding for Big Green Radicals, Bradley gave $85,000 to the <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Capital_Research_Center" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Capital Research Center</a> (CRC), a group led by former Berman and Company employee Scott Walter. The grant was designated for “general operations,” but it may have been used to support the publication Green Watch. A background document on CRC states that, “Green Watch tracks the money flow to environmental nonprofits and critiques their positions, and those of their allies, including their policymaking ones.” (Capital Research Center GPR, August 19, 2014)Since 2014, the Bradley Foundation has distributed numerous grants to discredit the vast amount of scientific research demonstrating the harmful effects of climate change. In 2014, it gave $65,000 to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_C.Marshall_Institute" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a> (GMI), a right-wing front group largely funded by oil and gas interests. Newsweek <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/global-warming-deniers-well-funded-99775" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">called</a> GMI “a central cog in the denial machine” in 2007.GMI folded in late 2015, so Bradley recommended $50,000 in “seed funding” the following year for its “successor organization,” the CO2 Coalition. The coalition is led by a <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_Happer" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Dr. William Happer</a>, a well-known climate change denier. “We’re doing our best to try and counter this myth that CO2 is a dangerous pollutant. It’s not a pollutant at all,” Happer <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=Asj-3efMVB8" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">said</a> at a Heritage Foundation event on energy and climate.Another $10,000 Bradley grant in 2014 for the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change (CSCDGC) went to support its Science & Public Policy Institute (SPPI). A staff recommendation notes that SPPI “has helped demonstrate that no real-world data confirms that floods, draughts [sic], or hurricanes are becoming more frequent or severe, as global-warming alarmists allege. Neither is there any real-world data that sea levels are about to rise precipitously, inundating the world’s coasted [sic] lowlands, as is also often alleged.” (Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change GPR, June 17, 2014)<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">orwellian transparency, no press allowed?</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">secert ssci bs:</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">: On April 24, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator <a href="http://desmogblog.com/scott-pruitt" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Scott Pruitt</a> released a <a href="https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-administrator-pruitt-proposes-rule-strengthen-science-used-epa-regulations" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">proposed rule</a> that would restrict which scientific studies EPA could use in creating new regulations. The move — already controversial when it was first revealed over a month ago — would <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/04/24/pruitt-to-unveil-controversial-transparency-rule-limiting-what-research-epa-can-use/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">prevent EPA from considering studies</a> in which the data is not available to the public, including the private health information of individuals in medical studies, and which is based on one-time events, such as the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.Prominent <a href="https://twitter.com/ClimateDepot/status/988839896285663232" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">climate science deniers were in attendance</a> at the EPA announcement, including <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/marc-morano" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Marc Morano</a>, <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/steve-milloy" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Steve Milloy</a>, and <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Will Happer</a>. ...</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">twit: "era of secret science @EPA is coming to an end. The ability to test, authenticate, & reproduce scientific findings is vital for integrity of rulemaking process. Americans deserve to assess legitimacy of the science underpinning Agency decisions"</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060076559" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">March 16, E&E reported</a> that EPA Admin Scott Pruitt is brewing more plans to further hobble how the EPA uses (or in this case, doesn’t use) science to protect the public. According to E&E, the effort will be similar to the Orwellian-esque HONEST Act that Lamar Smith sponsored a year ago but is stalled in the Senate. Pruitt’s idea is to apply a blanket set of new criteria to studies the EPA can cite. The “sound science” recommendations are designed to sound reasonable, but in practice would render lots of high quality, relevant research off-limits.</div>NAS ass enstrom defend:<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">The letter is below.<p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">For more on liberal political activism at the University of California, read the April 2, 2012 report from the National Association of Scholars, “<a href="http://www.nas.org/images/documents/A_Crisis_of_Competence.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">NAS Report “A Crisis of Competence: The Corrupting Effect of Political Activism in the University of California</a>.”<p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">###<p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">January 25, 2017<p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">Professor Eric L. Russell UC Davis French <a href="https://frenchanditalian.ucdavis.edu/people/profile/96" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://frenchanditalian.ucdavis.edu/people/profile/96</a> <a href="mailto:erussell@ucdavis.edu" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">erussell@ucdavis.edu</a><p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">Professor Dennis J. Silverman UC Irvine Physics and Astronomy <a href="http://www.physics.uci.edu/_silverma/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.physics.uci.edu/_{silverma/</a>} <a href="mailto:dennis.silverman@uci.edu" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dennis.silverman@uci.edu</a><p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">Dear Professors Russell and Silverman,<p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">UC professors must not misuse UC resources for political attacks on President Donald J. Trump and his advisors. UC must adhere to underlying state law and must not engage in activities that might violate its 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status. You can make your political attacks using your own personal resources. Please read the four articles below and realize that you are being watched by those of us who want UC to adhere to its original mission and to not engage in political activism.<p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">Thank you very much for your consideration of my request.<p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">Sincerely yours,<p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">James E. Enstrom, Ph.D.,M.P.H. UCLA and Scientific Integrity Institute <a href="mailto:jenstrom@ucla.edu" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">jenstrom@ucla.edu</a><p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">January 23, 2017 California Political Review “UC Davis Professors STEAL From Students/Taxpayers” <a href="http://www.capoliticalreview.com/capoliticalnewsandviews/uc-davis-professors-steal-from-studentstaxpayers/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.capoliticalreview.com/capoliticalnewsandviews/uc-davis-professors-steal-from-studentstaxpayers/</a><p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">January 16, 2017 UCI Energy Observer “Trump Advisor Will Happer is Not a Climate Scientist” <a href="http://sites.uci.edu/energyobserver/2017/01/16/trump-advisor-will-happer-is-not-a-climate-scientist/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://sites.uci.edu/energyobserver/2017/01/16/trump-advisor-will-happer-is-not-a-climate-scientist/</a><p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">January 18, 2017 UCI Energy Observer “Update on the Climate Science Denier’s Praise of Increasing CO2” <a href="http://sites.uci.edu/energyobserver/2017/01/18/update-on-the-climate-science-deniers-praise-of-increasing-co2/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://sites.uci.edu/energyobserver/2017/01/18/update-on-the-climate-science-deniers-praise-of-increasing-co2/</a><p noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" em="em" outline="outline" padding="padding" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px;">January 18, 2017 UCI Energy Observer “Trump’s Cabinet: Make America Dumber, Sicker, Smoggier, and Thirstier Again” <a href="http://sites.uci.edu/energyobserver/2017/01/18/trumps-cabinet-make-america-dumber-sicker-smoggier-and-thirstier-again/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://sites.uci.edu/energyobserver/2017/01/18/trumps-cabinet-make-america-dumber-sicker-smoggier-and-thirstier-again/</a></div>=<a href="https://www.desmog.uk/2017/06/13/new-irish-climate-science-denial-group-hosts-co2-coalition-director-william-happer">https://www.desmog.uk/2017/06/13/new-irish-climate-science-denial-group-hosts-co2-coalition-director-william-happer</a>The second meeting in a month of the newly formed climate sceptic group, the Irish Climate Science Forum, took place behind a veil of secrecy and a media blackout in Dublin on June 1, DeSmog UK can confirm.Guest speaker was noted climate science denier <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">William Happer</a>, a retired Princeton professor who is currently understood to be on a shortlist for the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/15/trump-science-adviser-william-happer-climate-change-cult" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">role of Science Advisor</a> to the climate-denying Trump administration in the US.Happer is a director of the US-based <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/co2-coalition" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">CO2 Coalition</a>, whose tagline is “Carbon dioxide, a nutrient vital for life”. In December of 2015, Happer was <a href="https://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">implicated in a Greenpeace investigation</a> where activists posed as consultants for a Middle Eastern energy company and asked Happer and Frank Clemente, an emeritus sociology professor at Pennsylvania State University, to author reports on the benefits of coal and carbon dioxide emissions and keep the source of the funding secret.  Happer delivered his behind-closed-door presentation in an upmarket Dublin hotel to a hand-picked audience, numbering around 40-50, which included a number of <a href="http://www.met.ie/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">senior staff from Met Éireann</a>, Ireland’s national meteorological service.His presentation, which DeSmog has seen, was titled: ‘Irish Agriculture – A New Look at the Influences of Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Carbon Dioxide’.The ICSF describes itself as “a voluntary group of Irish scientists, engineers and other professionals” and claims to carry out: “neutral, independent analysis of the latest climate research with the purpose of better informing climate and energy policies in Ireland”.In May, <a href="https://www.desmog.uk/2017/05/05/new-climate-science-denial-group-launches-ireland" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">DeSmog UK revealed</a> the group launched with a speech by US climate science denier Richard Lindzen.<h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Spreading Misinformation</h3>Happer began is speech by excoriating what he called “climate hysteria” and went on to accuse people involved with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of being “on the take”. Happer added that others, such as climate NGOs and activists, were driven primarily by a “financial agenda”.Within his presentation, one slide claimed that fossil fuel power plants emit no pollution, and equated their <a href="https://www.skepticalscience.com/breathing-co2-carbon-dioxide-intermediate.htm" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">CO2 emissions with a human exhaling</a>. His inability to distinguish between CO2 in the current carbon cycle versus injecting carbon from millions of years ago is a standard denier sleight of hand, but it went unchallenged by his Dublin audience sources claim.Next, Happer presented a series of charts purporting to show that “Global Warming Models Don’t Work!”. For this, he used <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/feb/19/republicans-favorite-climate-chart-has-some-serious-problems?CMP=twt_a-science_b-gdnscience" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">a long-debunked chart</a> produced by Dr John Christy of the University of Alabama and a favourite among climate deniers in the US Republican Party.Happer then did a number of slides explaining how CO2 is really “plant food” and how the world has been in a “CO2 famine for the last several million years”. When challenged by an audience member on this “CO2 as fertilizer” myth, Happer admitted that this was not in fact his area of expertise. But this in no way prevented him from continuing to spread misinformation.One audience member attending Happer’s talk was rural TD (member of parliament), industrial turf cutter and noted <a href="http://www.climatechange.ie/shocking-climate-change-denial-aired-on-rte-during-claire-byrne-live/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">climate denier, Michael Fitzmaurice</a>. In a surreal moment, he asked Happer for advice on how to defeat the arguments of people “who claim that climate change is real”.Happer next stated that radiative forcing “cannot be verified by direct measurement”. This too is manifestly false, as demonstrated by <a href="https://phys.org/news/2015-02-carbon-dioxide-greenhouse-effect.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">the US Department of Energy’s Berkeley Lab research</a>.The presumed reason the ICSF invited Happer to present is to provide ammunition to downplay the role of agricultural emissions by inferring that methane is largely irrelevant to climate change. This is the key message the founder of the ISCF, Ray Bates, a retired meteorologist who is an <a href="http://www.thinkorswim.ie/ray-bates-on-the-scourge-of-climate-over-alarmism/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">active lobbyist to exempt Ireland’s GHG-intensive beef and dairy sectors</a> from the impact of climate regulations.Ireland’s agricultural emissions are by far the highest per capita in the EU, with the government committed to backing the politically powerful farm lobby expanding both forms of ruminant agriculture despite the climate implications.<h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Closed-Door Science</h3>Dr Gerard Fleming, Head of Forecasting with Met Éireann, was invited to both talks but declined to attend. Fleming has also seen Prof Happer’s slide presentation and commented: “a lot of the stuff in there wasn’t science”, adding that it went instead “into the realm of political advocacy”. He stressed that Met Éireann has no corporate connection whatever with the ICSF(Bates is a former assistant director).Dr Fleming emphasised that Met Éireann regard IPCC science as the “gold standard” and was baffled by Happer’s assertion about alleged IPCC corruption. “I haven’t seen too many [climate] scientists driving around in gold-plated cars,” he added.He accepted that the presence of senior Met Éireann staff at both ICSF events could lead to the perception that they were giving the event “silent assent”, but stressed no formal discussion had yet occurred within Met Éireann. “We will probably now have to sit down and consider this internally”.Dr Fleming added that he was personally unhappy with the closed nature of the ICSF meetings. “Science is not to be discussed behind closed doors; I’m not at all comfortable with that idea of inviting some and excluding others. We need an open exchange of views”.No information on the funding for Happer’s visit was made available. It is understood that, once again, no cover charge was levied for the meeting, and no donations were sought.Following ICSF hosting Lindzen for their inaugural meeting last month, their choice of another hard-core denier as their second speaker removes any remaining doubt as to the climate-denying credentials of the well-funded ICSF, whatever about its stated aims of “better informing climate and energy policies in Ireland”.Group organiser, Jim O’Brien, an engineer, refused to answer any questions from DeSmog UK and barred our reporter from attending. DeSmog UK also contacted Happer directly by email with a series of questions, but at time of going to press, he had not responded.John Gibbons is a Dublin-based specialist writer and commentator on climate and environmental issues. He blogs at <a href="http://www.thinkorswim.ie/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">ThinkOrSwim.ie</a>.  You can <a href="https://twitter.com/think_or_swim" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">follow him on Twitter here</a>.= 
<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/05/10/conservative-groups-pushing-trump-exit-paris-deal-have-taken-millions-koch-brothers-and-exxon">https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/05/10/conservative-groups-pushing-trump-exit-paris-deal-have-taken-millions-koch-brothers-and-exxon</a>The “conservative groups” urging President Donald Trump to withdraw from the Paris climate change agreement have accepted tens of millions of dollars from groups linked to the billionaire petrochemical brothers Charles and David Koch, ExxonMobil, and the Mercer family.More than 40 groups have co-signed an <a href="https://cei.org/content/forty-four-free-market-groups-urge-trump-withdraw-paris-climate-agreement" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">open letter </a>urging Trump to keep his campaign promise and “withdraw fully from the Paris Climate Treaty.”The groups, including the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/competitive-enterprise-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a> (CEI), <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">The Heartland Institute</a>, and the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/heritage-foundation" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Heritage Foundation</a>, claim failing to withdraw from the treaty could put Trump’s policy agenda of promoting fossil fuels at risk.The <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-wont-make-decision-on-paris-climate-accord-until-later-this-month-1494356353" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Wall Street Journal</a> has quoted a White House spokesperson saying the president will not make a decision on the Paris agreement until after meeting G-7 leaders later this month.Analysis carried out by DeSmog and the <a href="https://climateinvestigations.nationbuilder.com/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Climate Investigations Center (CIC)</a> shows many of the groups signing the letter have taken multi-million dollar donations from groups tied to the Koch brothers, who own <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/koch-industries-inc" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Koch Industries</a>. Several of the groups have accepted cash from oil giant <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/exxonmobil-funding-climate-science-denial" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">ExxonMobil while many also deny the basic science</a> linking fossil fuel burning to dangerous climate change.In the letter, the groups say Trump should withdraw from the Paris deal and “stop all taxpayer funding of UN global warming programs” — two promises made by Trump during his campaign.<h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Paris Deal</h3>As part of the Paris deal, agreed to by almost 200 countries as part of the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change, the U.S. pledged in a document known as a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 26 to 28 percent by 2025, based on their levels in 2005.“Paris then requires a more ambitious NDC every five years in perpetuity,” the groups write.The letter says environment groups and some attorneys general are using court action to try and protect the Obama era’s Clean Power Plan that sought to cut greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.The U.S. participation in the Paris deal is being cited in these lawsuits, the groups claim.“Failing to withdraw from Paris thus exposes key parts of your deregulatory energy agenda to unnecessary legal risk,” the letter claims.Right-wing media outlets including <a href="http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/08/forty-conservative-groups-urge-trump-to-withdraw-from-paris-climate-treaty/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Breitbart</a> and <a href="http://dailycaller.com/2017/05/08/conservatives-urge-trump-to-keep-his-promise-ditch-the-paris-climate-agreement/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">The Daily Caller</a> have been reporting the letter from conservative groups without mentioning the known links to the Koch brothers and to their denial of the science of climate change.<h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Koch Cash</h3>The DeSmog and CIC analysis, using publicly available IRS disclosures, shows the Koch brothers have donated at least $6.9 million to the groups, much of which went to the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/heritage-foundation" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Heritage Foundation</a>. Exxon donated about $5.9 million to the groups since the late 1990s.Several of the letter signers had roles in Trump’s various transition teams, including the CEI’s <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/myron-ebell" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Myron Ebell</a> and <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/thomas-pyle" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas Pyle</a> of the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/american-energy-alliance-aea" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">American Energy Alliance</a>.In 2014, Freedom Partners (FP) — a group once described as the <a href="http://www.politico.com/story/2013/09/behind-the-curtain-exclusive-the-koch-brothers-secret-bank-096669#ixzz2hj4y5I8o" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Koch brothers secret bank</a> — <a href="http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/453/453732750/453732750_201412_990O.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">gave some $16 million</a> to <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/americans-for-prosperity" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Americans for Prosperity</a>, another of the letter’s signatories. FP also gave $2.3 miilion to the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/american-energy-alliance-aea" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">American Energy Alliance</a>.<h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Denial Dollars</h3>But as well as accepting millions of dollars from vested interests such as the Kochs and Exxon over the years, another thing the groups have in common is their denial of the clear science linking fossil fuel burning to dangerous climate change — an issue backed by all the major scientific academies around the world.The analysis shows groups have also accepted about $80 million through two linked funding organisations — <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/donors-capital-fund" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Donors Capital Fund</a> and <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/who-donors-trust" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Donors Trust</a> — that <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/dec/20/conservative-groups-1bn-against-climate-change" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">academics have confirmed</a> is a key financial source for many U.S. climate science denial groups.The Koch brothers, through a funding group known as the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/knowledge-and-progress-fund" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Knowledge and Progress Fund</a> (KPF), gave more than $7.6 million to the Donors Trust since 2010. The only grants made by the KPF over that period were to Donors Trust.The Heartland Institute, which has been given more than <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/03/27/trump-kingmakers-rebekah-and-robert-mercer-heartland-institute-s-climate-science-denial-conference" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">$5 million in recent years by major Trump financier Robert Mercer</a>, is known for organizing regular conferences where climate science denialists gather. In the run-up to one conference in May 2012, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219195059/http://heartland.org/press-releases/2012/05/03/do-you-still-believe-global-warming-billboards-hit-chicago" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Heartland said in a statement</a>: “The people who still believe in man-made global warming are mostly on the radical fringe of society. This is why the most prominent advocates of global warming aren't scientists. They are murderers, tyrants, and madmen.”Another signer to the letter is Professor <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">William Happer</a>, the president of the CO2 Coalition — a group that emerged from the disbanded <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/george-c-marshall-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">George C. Marshall Institute.</a>The <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/co2-coalition" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">CO2 Coalition</a> denies the evidence that humans are causing dangerous climate change and runs with the tag line “CO2 — Essential for Life.”Happer, thought to be <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2017/feb/21/trumps-potential-science-adviser-william-happer-hanging-around-with-conspiracy-theorists" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">in the running as Trump’s science adviser</a>, has compared what he called the “demonization” of CO2, to the “<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/02/25/trump-potential-science-adviser-will-happer-carbon-dioxide-demonized-jews" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">demonization of poor Jews under Hitler</a>.”zombies don't die:<h4 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Conservative Op-Eds Argued Wrongly That China and India Are Not Taking Action</h4>Right-wing op-eds falsely claimed that China, India and other developing nations were not committed to Paris goals.In a syndicated column that appeared in <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/05/23/trump-keep-climate-deal-promise/102017252/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">USA Today</a> and USA Today Network newspapers, Phil Kerpen, president of American Commitment and a former vice president of Americans for Prosperity, wrote, "The Paris treaty effectively bans coal-fired power plants in the United States—while China has 368 coal plants under construction and more than 800 in the planning stage. India's coal production under the deal is allowed to double by 2020—and they are likely to have emissions much higher than what they promised." And in his anti-Paris op-ed in the<a href="http://www.bostonherald.com/opinion/op_ed/2017/05/loris_prez_should_keep_vow_dump_paris_climate_pact" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;"> Boston Herald</a>, Loris wrote, "Developing nations want affordable, dependable energy to raise their standards of living, and countries such as India, China and Indonesia need to use a lot of coal to get there."China and India are on pace to meet their emissions targets ahead of schedule.The <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/05/15/trump-may-not-be-able-to-halt-the-worlds-climate-progress-thanks-to-china-and-india/?utm_term=.3521a1e85016" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">Washington Post</a> recently reported that an analysis conducted by the Climate Action Tracker found that "China and India are on track to overachieve on their climate pledges" and quoted Bill Hare, CEO of the nonprofit science and policy institute Climate Analytics, saying that China and India "are going to slow the global growth in CO2 emissions significantly." A <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/opinion/paris-agreement-climate-china-india.html?ref=opinion" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">New York Times</a> editorial discussing the same analysis noted, "The shift from fossil fuels has ... been much faster and more pronounced than most experts expected. China has reduced coal use for three years in a row and recently scrapped plans to build more than 100 coal power plants. Indian officials have estimated that country might no longer need to build new coal plants beyond those that are already under construction."China and India are taking big steps to develop clean energy and scale back coal plants.In January of this year, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/05/world/asia/china-renewable-energy-investment.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">China</a> announced that it plans to spend more than $360 billion through 2020 on renewable energy sources and is <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/world/asia/china-coal-power-plants-pollution.html?r=0" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">canceling plans</a> to build more than 100 coal-fired power plants. Last year, India <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/21/india-renewable-energy-paris-climate-summit-target" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">announced</a> that it plans to get 57 percent of its total electricity capacity from renewable sources by 2027 and <a href="https://cleantechnica.com/2016/11/17/india-will-launch-2-billion-renewable-energy-equity-fund/?utm_source=Inside+Climate+News&utm_campaign=87a9ee131a-Clean_Economy_Wire12_10_2014&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_29c928ffb5-87a9ee131a-327780849" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">launch a $2 billion equity fund</a> to boost renewable energy development. According to <a href="https://www.voanews.com/a/report-climate-outlook-improves-as-fewer-coal-plants-built/3776691.html" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">The Associated Press</a>, a March report by the groups CoalSwarm, the Sierra Club and Greenpeace found that "construction starts for coal-fired plants in China and India were down by 62 percent in January from a year earlier while new facilities starting operation declined 29 percent." Additionally, a May 22 <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/22/opinion/paris-agreement-climate-china-india.html?ref=opinion" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">New York Times</a> editorial noted, "Electric vehicle sales in China jumped 70 percent last year, thanks in large part to generous government incentives. India is much further behind in this area, but the country's minister of power said last month that all cars sold in the country should be electric by 2030.Developing nations pushed for a strong Paris agreement and were "crucial" to its adoption.Developing countries, including the least developed countries, were a key part of the "<a href="http://www.climatechangenews.com/2016/07/22/paris-high-ambition-coalition-to-tackle-unfinished-business/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">high ambition coalition</a>" that called for tougher climate change policies and "was widely credited with ensuring the Paris meeting ended in agreement," according to Climate Change News. Far from pushing for a weak agreement and wanting leeway to burn coal, the <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/what-the-paris-climate-agreement-means-for-vulnerable-nations" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">developing nations</a> have been insistent on the need for fast action to deal with climate change, and have <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/16/climate/corporations-global-climate-talks-bonn-germany.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">sounded alarms</a> about the role of corporations and lobbyists in UN climate negotiations, fearing that they might weaken emissions goals.Developing nations committed to cutting emissions even though it's more difficult for them and they have less responsibility to do so.The world's developing countries have emitted <a href="https://wri.org/blog/2014/11/6-graphs-explain-world%E2%80%99s-top-10-emitters" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">only a small proportion</a> of the climate-warming gases that humans have sent into the atmosphere over the past 160 years, and so they're responsible for only a small proportion of the global warming the world is experiencing. And yet all but two of the world's developing nations signed onto the Paris agreement and submitted action plans, many of which experts said were <a href="http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/developing_countries_surprise_with_ambitious_climate_plans_for_paris/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">ambitious</a>. Yet developing countries face a tougher challenge reducing emissions than their wealthier counterparts do. As Robert Lempert of the RAND Corporation explained to the <a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/science/ct-paris-climate-agreement-trump-20170516-story.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">Chicago Tribune</a>, "The richest countries have much of their economy in lower-emitting sectors. ... The U.S. can grow their economy and improve their quality of life without increasing energy use. But in developing countries, you can't do that."<h4 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Op-Eds Against the Agreement Pushed Climate Science Denial</h4>Anti-Paris agreement op-eds spread climate science misinformation.In an op-ed for <a href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/23/paris-agreement-should-be-nixed/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">The Washington Times</a>, Princeton emeritus physics professor and <a href="http://www.ecowatch.com/tag/climate-denier" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">climate denier</a> William Happer wrote that the U.S. "should withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement," claiming, "For too long, well-meaning policymakers have been misled by propaganda, masquerading as science, that more atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will harm the planet ... More CO2 is not a pollutant but is a benefit to humanity." In an op-ed in <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/energy-environment/335002-the-scientific-argument-against-the-paris-climate" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">The Hill</a>, Patrick J. Michaels of the Cato Institute attempted to undermine the scientific rationale behind the Paris agreement by disputing that human activity is the dominant cause of recent global warming.Slate's Phil Plait: Claiming CO2 is not a pollutant is "ridiculous" and "in-your-face wrong."In a Feb. 18 column, science journalist Phil Plait wrote in Slate that the frequently used climate-denier claim that <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/blog/2016/02/19/slate-destroys-climate-denier-myth-that-co2-is/208696" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">CO2 is not a pollutant</a> is "ridiculous," "in-your-face wrong" and a "typical denier distraction technique, trying to downplay or distract you from what's really going on." He summarized the overwhelming scientific consensus: While some carbon dioxide is necessary for plant life, burning fossil fuels and thus releasing excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is warming up the globe "too quickly for many living things to adapt." Carbon pollution is causing rapid changes to the Earth's climate, and, as Plait explained, that speed is the "danger; the rate at which we are heating the planet is unprecedented."Humans are "by far" the dominant cause of global warming.<a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/14042016/climate-change-consensus-affirmed-global-warming-manmade-scientists" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">InsideClimate News</a> reported in 2016 that "ninety to 100 percent of climate scientists agree that the planet is warming due to human activity, according to a peer-reviewed paper published Wednesday in the journal Environmental Research Letters. The study, called a 'consensus on consensus' synthesizes findings from prior published research." In 2013, the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported, "It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century." The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines "extremely likely" as having 95 to 100 percent probability. A <a href="https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/migrate/uploads/1021climate_letter1.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">2009 letter</a> signed by 18 U.S. scientific organizations stated that "greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver" of climate change. In a 2012 literature review for the blog <a href="https://skepticalscience.com/a-comprehensive-review-of-the-causes-of-global-warming.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">Skeptical Science</a>, Dana Nuccitelli laid out the overwhelming evidence that humans are the primary driver of climate change, writing, "A wide variety of statistical and physical approaches all arrived at the same conclusion: that humans are the dominant cause of the global warming over the past century, and particularly over the past 50 years. This robust scientific evidence is why there is a consensus among scientific experts that humans are the dominant cause of global warming."Reposted with permission from our media associate <a href="https://www.mediamatters.org/research/2017/06/01/EPA-reportedly-helped-Paris-agreement-opponents-place-op-eds-in-newspapers/216727" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; word-wrap: break-word;">Media Matters for America</a>.=omfgPresident Donald Trump is on the look-out for a chief science adviser, but who to choose?If his most recent appointments are any indication of the future, then, on climate change at least, Americans should expect the president to tap a climate science denier.So it is little surprise then that one person <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2017/feb/21/trumps-potential-science-adviser-william-happer-hanging-around-with-conspiracy-theorists" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">reportedly in the running</a> is 77-year-old Princeton atomic physicist <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">William Happer</a>.Happer has for more than a decade rejected all the credible evidence on the risks of human-caused climate change. He is often described as an “expert” on climate change, yet his record of publishing research on the issue in peer-reviewed scientific journals is almost non-existent.So who is he?Happer’s expertise is in atomic physics. He served in the George H.W. Bush administration as a science director.But since the late 90s, Happer has become known for his outspoken and often offensive views on climate change and climate scientists, whom he has described as being “more like a cult.”“They’re glassy-eyed and they chant. It will potentially harm the image of all science,” he told The Guardian.He has also claimed that the “demonization” of carbon dioxide is like the “<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/carbon-dioxide-demonization-jews_n_5589098" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">demonization of poor Jews under Hitler.”</a>In recent times Happer has been associating with conspiracy theorists and other oddballs as he rolls out the same talking points that have been his staple for years. Since the mid-2000s, Happer was involved with the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/george-c-marshall-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a>, a think tank that concentrated heavily on pushing claims that global warming concerns had been over-hyped. Happer was a former chair of the institute — one of many to take cash from oil giant ExxonMobil.Happer is now the president of the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/co2-coalition" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">CO2 Coalition</a> — a group created after the <a href="http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060029290" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Marshall Institute folded</a> — with the tagline that carbon dioxide (CO2) is “vital for life.” In 2015 <a data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/greenpeace-exposes-sceptics-cast-doubt-climate-science" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Happer was caught in a sting by Greenpeace activists</a> when he offered to write a report on the benefits of carbon dioxide for a fake fossil fuel client. He <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2642410-Email-Chain-Happer-O-Keefe-and-Donors-Trust.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">offered to find a way to hide the funder</a> of the report by asking for the payment to go to the CO2 Coalition.Happer’s position is shown to be wrong by all the credible evidence and scientific institutions across the world. His claims can also be easily checked.So what are his claims?In December 2016, Happer repeated his long-debunked talking points in an <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/In%20December%202016%2C%20Happer%20once%20again%20repeated%20his%20long-debunked%20talking%20points%20in%20an%20interview%20with%20Stefan%20Molyneux%20%28more%20on%20him%20later%29." target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">interview with Stefan Molyneux</a> (himself an odd character who has had to <a href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/02/05/meet-the-cult-leader-stumping-for-donald-trump.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">fend off accusations that he is running a cult-like group</a> through his FreeDomainRadio enterprise).In the interview, Happer talks about a geological period known as the <a href="http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/time/timechart/phanerozoic/home.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Phanerozoic</a> eon which started about 540 million years ago and stretches to the present.Happer says that over this period CO2 has been much higher, suggesting that everything was all fine and, by implication, it would be fine again if levels of carbon dioxide in the air got up to 1,000 parts per million or more.Dr. Nerilie Abram, a climate scientist at Australian National University specializing in understanding the ancient past, told me:<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">The Phanerozoic covers an enormous amount of Earth’s history — the last 541 million years. If we were to think about that time period as a single day, complex life first evolved at midnight and the age of the dinosaurs (252-66 million years ago) lasted from just after midday (12:49 p.m.) through to 9:04 p.m. Modern humans only evolved at 11:59 p.m. (0.2 million years ago).So even though the Earth was able to support the slow evolution of life when it had carbon dioxide in the parts per thousand level, sea levels more than 100 meters higher than today, and land masses that were completely different to the countries we currently live in, that planet was certainly nothing like the one that humans have ever lived upon.</blockquote>Happer also tells Molyneux: “There was no danger from ocean acidification … all of the other scare stories you read about. They just didn’t happen.”That depends if, when you say there was “no danger from ocean acidification,” you don’t think the extinction of 90 percent of all marine species is anything to write home about. Research published in the journal <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/348/6231/229.abstract" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Science</a> in 2015 found that ocean acidification from massive injections of carbon into the atmosphere was the cause of a “mass dying” about 250 million years ago which, according to Happer, “just didn’t happen.”Happer also ignores how warmer conditions in the ancient past have generally coincided with the melting and collapse of ice sheets at the poles, pushing sea levels roughly 30 feet (ten meters) or more higher than they are today.Many of Happer’s arguments ignore how quickly the climate is changing now compared to the past.“The speed of current climate change doesn’t have an analogue in Earth’s past,” says Abram.“We are able to directly measure the carbon dioxide level of Earth’s atmosphere over the last 800,000 years because of the bubbles of ancient air trapped within Antarctic ice cores. The fastest natural changes in the past occurred as the world warmed out of the ice ages, and saw CO2 levels increase by around 35 parts per million over 1,000 years. So far this century we have added an equivalent amount of CO2 to Earth’s atmosphere — 35 parts per million — in just the last 17 years.”What else does Happer get wrong?He claims a well-established climate mechanism, known as the water vapor feedback, “does not seem to work” and that this means future warming might not be so bad. Water vapor feedback is the mechanism where adding extra carbon dioxide causes warming, which then enables the atmosphere to hold more water vapor — another key greenhouse gas — that in turn causes more warming.“There’s time enough [gone by] to see if it works and it doesn’t seem to work,” says Happer.Unfortunately for Happer, the opposite seems to be true. As challenging as it is to measure, scientists have been using instruments on satellites, weather balloons, and aircraft and have <a href="https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/bulletin/observing-water-vapour" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">found that water vapor is indeed increasing</a>.Perhaps Happer would know this if he had been hanging out with leading scientists at genuine academic gatherings, rather than spending time with some genuine oddballs.As I wrote on The Guardian, in December 2016 Happer was a speaker at a gathering in Arizona organized by G. Edward Griffin and his Freedom Force International organization.Griffin is a <a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/2011/03/26/who-is-g-edward-griffin-becks-expert-on-the-fed/177986" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">serial conspiracy theorist</a> who thinks the HIV virus is not real, that there is some sort of international plot to spray the planet with chemicals (that’s right, he’s a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">chemtrailer</a>), and that climate change is a hoax.Will any of this convince Donald Trump to look elsewhere for his advice on science?Given Trump is reportedly taking tips from <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/19/business/media/alex-jones-conspiracy-theories-donald-trump.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">another conspiracy theorist, Alex Jones</a>, the likely answer to that question would be “no.”https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/02/25/trump-potential-science-adviser-will-happer-carbon-dioxide-demonized-jews<h1 class="entry-title" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; font-family: " helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" nimbus="Nimbus" sans="Sans" l="L" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" em="em" font-size="font-size" px="px">Trump Advisor Will Happer is Not a Climate Scientist</h1><div class="entry-meta" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: " helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" nimbus="Nimbus" sans="Sans" l="L" sans-serif="sans-serif" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" text-size-adjust="text-size-adjust">Posted on <a href="http://sites.uci.edu/energyobserver/2017/01/16/trump-advisor-will-happer-is-not-a-climate-scientist/" title="8:42 PM" rel="bookmark" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">January 16, 2017</a> by <a class="url fn n" href="http://sites.uci.edu/energyobserver/author/djsilver/" title="View all posts by Dennis SILVERMAN" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dennis SILVERMAN</a></div><div class="entry-content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 12px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both;" bitstream="Bitstream" charter="Charter" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Trump Advisor Will Happer is Not a Climate ScientistDistinguished Princeton physicist Will Happer was given the honor of visiting our would-be-President Donald Trump at his golden 5th Avenue tower, or White House North.  This is because Prof. Happer is one of the leading scientists pushing the climate denier agenda.  He also publishes in the Wall Street Journal, that great climate denier journal run by Rupert Murdoch.  Looking at Prof. Happer’s publication list since 1994, there are important optics articles, but no climate science articles.  That covers the last 22 years, during which most of climate science has been developed.  Among his honors, he served as director of the Office of Science in the Department of energy from 1991-93 under President George W. Bush.Looking at his articles and public testimony, he only parrots the standard climate change or science deniers one liners, which are standardly shown to be false.  He adds nothing new or scientific, except a lot of vitriol accusing thousands of climate scientists as frauds, comparable to Lysenko’s false domination of Soviet biology, or even (gasp) to Hitler.  Links to these are given in Happer’s Wikipedia article.  Trump and his advisors cite several of the fallacious statements in his interviews, as do almost all Republicans in Congress, adding their own vitriol.(As an aside, I do believe in the statement “As ye sow, so shall you reap” applies to Donald Trump.  I also somewhat believe in “As they go low, we go high”.  I have to be academic in an academic blog, but I am nerd enough to include sophomoric punning.)The American Physical Society of 47,000 physicists, after much argument, endorsed a mild statement backing climate science.  Happer circulated a counter petition, which was signed by only a few hundred, and was dropped.Dr. Happer wrote an article in First Things, titled, “The Truth About Greenhouse Gasses:  The Dubious Science of Climate Crusaders”.  Fortunately, climate scientist Michael MacCracken, published a 42-page scientific rebuttal of Happer’s 43 assertions, titled: “The Real Truth about Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change:  Paragraph-by-Paragraph Comments on an Article by Dr. William Happer”, at Climate Science Watch, September 2011.  This article quotes each of Happer’s statements, so you only have to read MacCracken’s article.  Dr. MacCracken is a very distinguished climate scientist and a leader of governmental and international climate science committees, as is well documented by Wikipedia.  To my knowledge, Dr. MacCracken has not been invited to the Golden Trump Tower to tell President-in-four-days Trump the truth about our warming climate.The main retort that I want to report on in this article is Dr. Happer’s assertion in 2011 that climate science is the second highest funded research subject in the government appropriations.  Dr. MacCracken replied that in the 2010 budget, “of the $147.6 billion the government spends on research and development, the Department of Defense gets about $80 billion and then the Department of Health and Human Services gets $31 billion.  Then come DOE and NASA (mostly for energy and space research, respectively) at about $11 billion each.  … the total enacted global change research budget for all agencies combined in FY-10 was $2.178B, so about 1.5% of the Federal Government’s total research budget …”.The above just shows that Trump’s publicly announced meeting with Dr. Happer, presumably about climate science, was just to reinforce Trump’s own beliefs on the subject, not to give the subject further consideration, as he has promised.<h2 style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5em;">Dr. Happer as potential White House Science Advisor?</h2>The press has speculated that maybe Trump was interviewing Dr. Happer to be the White House science advisor.  There have been questions in the science journals Nature and Science as to whether President Trump would even have a science advisor.  At the same time, President Obama has just published a long paper in the journal Science, arguing the importance of a continued attack on climate change.  The Science Advisor is not a cabinet position, and does not have to be appointed, nor approved by the Senate.We might have to assume that for any scientist to be a Science Advisor for a Republican administration, with a climate denying Congress funded by fossil fuel magnates, and with the biggest such magnate Rex Tillerson being Secretary of State, and their lackeys being head of the Department of Energy and Administrator of the EPA, that the advisor has to be a climate science sceptic.  However, they do not have to be one of the most public deniers of climate science, appearing in such prestigious business journals as the Wall Street Fake-Climate-Science-News Journal.  Dr. Happer is undoubtedly an excellent physicist, but something is wrong if he has not studied climate science yet expounds on it, and claims that all climate scientists are frauds, or worse.  I don’t think many scientists would trust him as a science advisor, since there are many other important areas of science which are political footballs right now, and accurate science advice is needed.  These would include the reliability of our nuclear weapons, childhood vaccines, the continued path to clean air and clean water, the health costs of coal power, which abortion pills do not actually cause abortions, the necessity of universal health care to lessen overall medical costs, the effects of global warming on fisheries, drought, forest fires, mass migrations, etc.Dr. Happer’s incredible exaggeration of how much the Federal Government spends on climate research is a prime example of why he should not be in any Government position.It would be amazing to run a science based economy and country with only the advice of his cabinet, which is hand-picked to deny science, as well as Trump’s Vice President, Mike Pence.</div>mann bk: Singer and happer try to roll Am Phys Soc (Chron Higher Edm, w/ Cohen Exxon?=<a href="http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/">http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/</a>sting: GP
<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">A Greenpeace undercover investigation has exposed how fossil fuel companies can secretly pay academics at leading American universities to write research that sows doubt about climate science and promotes the companies’ commercial interests.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Posing as representatives of oil and coal companies, reporters from Greenpeace UK asked academics from Princeton and Penn State to write papers promoting the benefits of CO2 and the use of coal in developing countries.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The professors agreed to write the reports and said they did not need to disclose the source of the funding.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Citing industry-funded documents – including testimony to state hearings and newspaper articles – Professor Frank Clemente of Penn State said: “In none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Leading climate-sceptic academic, Professor William Happer, agreed to write a report for a Middle Eastern oil company on the benefits of CO2 and to allow the firm to keep the source of the funding secret.  <p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Happer is due to appear this afternoon as a star witness in Senate hearings called by Republican Presidential candidate Ted Cruz.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">In emails to reporters he also revealed Peabody Energy paid thousands of dollars for him to testify at a separate state hearing, with the money being paid to a climate-sceptic think tank.<div class="picshare-wrapper alignright size-full wp-image-7739" open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; float: right; margin-left: 24px; position: relative; max-width: 100%;"><div class="picshare-box" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; z-index: 1; height: 45px; text-align: center; line-height: 45px; max-width: 100%; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.298039);"><a title="Share on Twitter" class="picshare-btn picshare-twitter-btn" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Exposed%3A%20Academics-for-hire%20agree%E2%80%A6%20http%3A%2F%2Fpic.twitter.com%2FvjkiPRrjzv%20http%3A%2F%2Fenergydesk.greenpeace.org%2F2015%2F12%2F08%2Fexposed-academics-for-hire%2F&via=energydesk" style="box-sizing: border-box; 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</a></div><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2642398-Email-Chain-Frank-Clemente.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">Read the emails with Professor Frank Clemente</a><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2642410-Email-Chain-Happer-O-Keefe-and-Donors-Trust.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">Read the emails with Professor Happer and the Donors Trust</a><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The investigation also found:<ul open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">US coal giant Peabody Energy also paid tens of thousands of dollars to an academic who produced coal-friendly research and provided testimony at state and federal climate hearings, the amount of which was never revealed.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Donors Trust, an organisation that has been described as the “<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/02/donors-trust-donor-capital-fund-dark-money-koch-bradley-devos" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">dark money ATM”</a> of the US conservative movement, confirmed in a taped conversation with an undercover reporter that it could anonymously channel money from a fictional Middle Eastern oil and gas company to US climate sceptic organisations.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Princeton professor William Happer laid out details of an unofficial peer review process run by the Global Warming Policy Foundation, a UK climate sceptic think tank, and said he could ask to put an oil-funded report through a similar review process, after admitting that it would struggle to be published in an academic journal.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">A recent report by the GWPF that had been through the same unofficial peer review process, was promoted as “thoroughly peer-reviewed” by influential columnistMatt Ridley -<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> a senior figure</a> in the organisation.</li></ul><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The findings echo the case of Willie Soon, who was the subject of an investigation published in the  <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/us/ties-to-corporate-cash-for-climate-change-researcher-Wei-Hock-Soon.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">New York Times</a> earlier this year. The investigation revealed that Soon had accepted donations from fossil fuel companies and anonymous donors in return for producing climate-sceptic scientific papers. He described his studies as “deliverables” and failed to declare who paid for the research.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The revelations also follow a series of reports showing fossil fuel companies burying the truth about climate change, while <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/18/1509433112.abstract" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">funding flawed research</a> to cast doubt on the scientific consensus.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Academics for hire<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Reporters approached the academics claiming to be representatives of unnamed fossil fuel companies – one, a Middle Eastern oil and gas exploration company, the other a coal mining firm based in Indonesia – looking to commission “independent” research.<blockquote open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 12px 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“In none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.” – Professor Frank Clemente</blockquote><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The individuals approached have previously been linked to fossil fuel companies or climate sceptic organisations that have received fossil fuel funding.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Frank Clemente, a sociologist from Penn State university, was asked if he could produce a report “to counter damaging research linking coal to premature deaths (in particular the World Health Organization’s figure that 3.7 million people die per year from fossil fuel pollution)”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">He said that this was within his skill set; that he could be quoted using his university job title; and that it would cost around $15,000 for an 8–10 page paper. He also explained that he charged $6,000 for writing a newspaper op-ed.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When asked whether he would need to declare where the money came from, Professor Clementesaid: “There is no requirement to declare source funding in the US.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Clemente is a favourite of the coal industry and particularly Peabody Energy, which<a href="https://www.advancedenergyforlife.com/search/node/frank%20clemente" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> regularly uses his research</a> as evidence of the need for an expansion of coal power in developing countries. 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</a></div></div><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;"><a title="Share on Facebook" class="picshare-btn picshare-facebook-btn" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fenergydesk.greenpeace.org%2F2015%2F12%2F08%2Fexposed-academics-for-hire%2F%3Fpicshare%3D7736" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; float: left; display: block; width: 45px; height: 45px;">In the exchange Clemente disclosed that for another report on “the Global Value of Coal” he was paid $50,000 by Peabody Energy – the sponsorship was mentioned in the small print of the paper, but the amount has not been disclosed until now.</a><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;"><a title="Share on Facebook" class="picshare-btn picshare-facebook-btn" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fenergydesk.greenpeace.org%2F2015%2F12%2F08%2Fexposed-academics-for-hire%2F%3Fpicshare%3D7736" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; float: left; display: block; width: 45px; height: 45px;">Following the report Clemente produced an</a><a href="http://www.gazettextra.com/20150319/con_protesters_oppose_energies_that_make_life_cleaner_and_better_for_all%20/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> op-ed</a> arguing against the coal divestment movement in universities, which was picked up by over 50 newspapers across the US. But as Clemente told undercover reporters: “In none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Clemente failed to respond to requests for comment.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Investigators also approached Professor William Happer of Princeton University, who is chairman of the climate sceptic<a href="http://marshall.org/people/william-happer/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> George Marshall Institute</a> and a former Director of Energy Research at the<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116185525/http:/globalwarming.house.gov/files/HRG/052010SciencePolicy/happer.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> US Department of Energy</a> under the first President Bush where he “<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20150909001347/http:/scienceandpublicpolicy.org/reprint/happer_senate_testimony.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">supervised</a> all of DOE’s work on climate change”.   <p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Happer, who is a physicist rather than a climatologist, told Greenpeace reporters that he would be willing to produce research promoting the benefits of carbon dioxide for $250 per hour. He asked that the money be paid to climate sceptic campaign group, the CO2 Coalition, of which he is a board member.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Happer described his work on carbon dioxide as a “labor of love” and said that while other pollutants produced by burning fossil fuels are a problem, in his opinion “More CO2 will benefit the world”, adding “The only way to limit CO2 would be to stop using fossil fuels, which I think would be a profoundly immoral and irrational policy.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When reporters asked if it would be possible for the fossil fuel client’s role in commissioning the research to remain hidden, in order to give the work more credibility, Happer replied that: “If I write the paper alone, I don’t think there would be any problem stating that ‘the author received no financial compensation for this essay.’”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Happer also disclosed that Peabody Energy paid $8,000 in return for his testimony in a<a href="https://www.edockets.state.mn.us/EFiling/edockets/searchDocuments.do?method=showPoup&documentId=%7B68777D48-7ABE-4C61-B62B-8FC998FE9C2D%7D&documentTitle=20158-113608-01" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> crucialMinnesota state hearing</a> on the impacts of carbon dioxide. This fee was also paid to the CO2 Coalition.<blockquote open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 12px 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“I am trying get [sic] another mysterious client to donate funds to the CO2 Coalition instead of compensating me for my writing something for them.” – Professor Happer</blockquote><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The academics’ willingness to conceal the source of funding contrasts strongly with the ethics of journals such as Science, which states in its<a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/contribinfo/prep/gen_info.xhtml#funding" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> submission requirements</a> that research “should be accompanied by clear disclosures from all authors of their affiliations, funding sources, or financial holdings that might raise questions about possible sources of bias”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Late last month Happer appeared at a<a href="http://www.climatedepot.com/2015/11/19/scientists-declare-un-climate-summit-goals-irrational-based-on-nonsense-leading-us-down-a-false-path/#ixzz3sbk3JZT0" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> climate sceptic summit</a> in Texas. There he defended CO2 production saying: “Our breath is not that different from a power plant.” He went on to say, “If plants could vote, they would vote for coal”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Hiding the money trail<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The investigation has also revealed a system by which oil and gas companies can anonymously fund US climate-sceptic scientists and organisations.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When asked to ensure that the commissioning of the report could not be traced back to the Middle East oil and gas company, Professor Happer contacted his fellow CO2 Coalition board member, Bill O’Keefe,explaining: “I am trying get [sic] another mysterious client to donate funds to the CO2 Coalition instead of compensating me for my writing something for them.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">O’Keefe, a former<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060127035836/http:/clerk.house.gov/pd/houseID.html?reg_id=34946" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> Exxon lobbyist</a>, suggested channelling it through the Donors Trust, a controversial organisation that has previously been called the<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/09/secretive-donors-gave-us-climate-denial-groups-125m-over-three-years" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> “Dark Money ATM”</a> of the US conservative movement.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The organisation has a long history of channelling <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/09/secretive-donors-gave-us-climate-denial-groups-125m-over-three-years" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">funding to US climate sceptics</a>, including controversial professor Willie Soon, and some of the most influential organisations in the US conservative movement, including Americans for Prosperity, the Heartland Institute and the American Enterprise Institute.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When investigators asked Peter Lipsett of the Donors Trust if the Trust would accept money from an oil and gas company based in the Middle East, he said that, although the Trust would need the cash to come from a US bank account, “we can take it from a foreign body, it’s just we have to be extra cautious with that.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">He added that: “I’ll double check everything and make sure I’m wording things  correctly after chatting with our CFO [Chief Financial Officer], but what he’s told me before is that the preference is to have it in US dollars, and the ideal preference is to have it originate from a US source, but the US dollars is the important bit”.[sound file]Peter Lipsett is<a href="http://www.donorstrust.org/who-we-are/directors-staff/" open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" color="color" rgb="rgb" text-decoration="text-decoration" none="none"> director of growth strategies</a> at the Donors Trust and has worked in a senior position for Charles Koch, and before that Koch Industries for almost a decade. When contacted for on the record comment, Mr Lipsett said:<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“We only accept donations in U.S. currency and drawn from U.S. banks. Donors Trust has never accepted secret donations from foreign donors. We have supported over 1,500 organizations representing the arts, medicine and science, public policy, education, religion, and civics. We are no more a “middle man” between donors and their causes than any other community or commercial donor-advised fund sponsoring organization”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Mr O’Keefe said: “As a matter of personal policy, I do not respond to requests such as yours.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Peer review<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">As well as exposing how fossil fuel companies are able to anonymously commission scientific research, Greenpeace can reveal details of a so-called “peer review” process being operated by the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF), a UK climate sceptic think tank.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Sense About Science, a UK charitable trust, <a href="http://www.senseaboutscience.org/data/files/resources/17/peerReview.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">describes peer review</a> as the process by which “scientists submit their research findings to a journal, which sends them out to be assessed for competence, significance and originality, by independent qualified experts who are researching and publishing work in the same field (peers).” The process usually involves varying degrees of anonymity.<blockquote open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 12px 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“I would be glad to ask for a similar review for the first drafts of anything I write for your client. Unless we decide to submit the piece to a regular journal, with all the complications of delay, possibly quixotic editors and reviewers that is the best we can do, and I think it would be fine to call it a peer review.” – Professor Happer</blockquote><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Happer, who sits on the GWPF’s<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> Academic Advisory Council</a>, was asked by undercover reporters if he could put the industry funded report through the same peer review process as previous GWPF reports they claimed to have been “thoroughly peer reviewed”. Happer explained that this process had <a href="http://bishophill.squarespace.com/blog/2012/9/9/david-henderson-on-gwpf-reports.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">consisted of</a> members of the Advisory Council and other selected scientists reviewing the work, rather than presenting it to an academic journal.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">He added: “I would be glad to ask for a similar review for the first drafts of anything I write for your client. Unless we decide to submit the piece to a regular journal, with all the complications of delay, possibly quixotic editors and reviewers that is the best we can do, and I think it would be fine to call it a peer review.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">GWPF’s “peer review” process was used for a recent GWPF report on the benefits of carbon dioxide. According to Dr Indur Goklany, the author of the report, he was initially encouraged to write it by the journalist Matt Ridley, who is also a GWPF academic advisor. That report was then promoted by Ridley, who claimed in his Times column that the paper had been<a href="http://www.rationaloptimist.com/blog/the-benefits-of-carbon-dioxide/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> “thoroughly peer reviewed”.</a><p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Sense About Science, which lists Ridley as a member of its Advisory Council, has <a href="http://www.senseaboutscience.org/data/files/resources/17/peerReview.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">warned against</a> such review processes, saying: “sometimes organisations or individuals claim to have put their studies through peer review when, on inspection, they have only shown it to some colleagues. Such claims are usually made in the context of a campaign directed at the public or policy makers, as a way of trying to give scientific credibility to certain claims in the hope that a non-scientific audience will not know the difference.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The organisation also says that: “reporters or advocates citing these sources as peer reviewed would show themselves to be biased or uninformed”.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Happer claimed that the review of the paper was “more rigorous than the peer review for most journals”.  But he also told undercover reporters that he believed most members of the Academic Advisory Council had been too busy to comment on the paper:<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“I know that the entire scientific advisory board of the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF) was asked to submit comments on the first draft.  I am also sure that most were too busy to respond,” he said.  <p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professor Happer also noted that submitting a report on the benefits of carbon dioxide to a peer-reviewed scientific journal would be problematic.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“That might greatly delay publication and might require such major changes in response to referees and the journal editor that the article would no longer make the case that CO2 is a benefit, not a pollutant, as strongly as I would like, and presumably as strongly [as] your client would also like,” he said.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">When asked about the review process behind Dr Goklany’s report, GWPF explained that the report had gone for review to other chosen scientists beyond just those in their Advisory Council and that: “the quality of Dr Goklany’s report is self-evident to any open-minded reader.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Peabody Energy<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The investigation raises further questions for coal giant Peabody Energy, which earlier this year was <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/12/peabody-strikes-deal-with-new-york-attorney-general-over-climate-risk-filings" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">investigated by New York attorney general</a> Eric Schneiderman over accusations that they <a href="http://www.ag.ny.gov/press-release/ag-schneiderman-secures-unprecedented-agreement-peabody-energy-end-misleading" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">violated New York laws</a> prohibiting false and misleading conduct, in relation to misleading statements on the risks it could face from tightening climate change laws. Peabody have now agreed to change the way it reports the risks posed to investors by climate change.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Professors Clemente and Happer were both employed by Peabody to provide testimony favourable to the company in state and governmental hearings. The company paid $8,000 for Professor Happer to make the case on the social costs of carbon.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Other prominent climate sceptics who provided testimony in the Minnesota hearing on behalf of Peabody<a href="https://www.edockets.state.mn.us/EFiling/edockets/searchDocuments.do?method=showPoup&documentId=%7B68777D48-7ABE-4C61-B62B-8FC998FE9C2D%7D&documentTitle=20158-113608-01" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;"> included</a>: Roy Spencer who told Greenpeace he was paid $4,000 by Peabody; <a href="https://www.edockets.state.mn.us/EFiling/edockets/searchDocuments.do?method=showPoup&documentId=%7BA39ADC16-205E-44D3-B080-BC19501F3247%7D&documentTitle=20158-113190-07" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none;">Richard Tol</a>who said he was not paid and Richard Lindzen and Robert Mendelsohn who failed to reply to questions. Tol, Lindzen and Mendelsohn are all members of the GWPF Academic Advisory Council.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Both Penn State and Princeton University declined to comment.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">The GWPF said: “Professor Happer made his scientific views clear from the outset, including the need to address pollution problems arising from fossil fuel consumption. Any insinuation against his integrity as a scientist is outrageous and is clearly refuted by the correspondence.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“Nor did Professor Happer offer to put a report “commissioned by a fossil fuel company” through the GWPF peer review process. This is a sheer fabrication by Greenpeace.<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">“The cack-handed attempt by Greenpeace to manufacture a scandal around Dr Goklany’s report, and to smear Professor Happer’s reputation, only points to the need for the Global Warming Policy Foundation to redouble its efforts to bring balanced, rigorous and apolitical research on climate and energy policyissues to the public’s attention, as counter to the misleading noise and activist rhetoric from groups like Greenpeace.”<p open="Open" sans="Sans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; max-width: 760px;">Journalist and GWPF Academic Advisor, Matt Ridley, did not respond to requests for comment.= <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/exposed-academics-hire-agree-not-disclose-fossil-fuel-funding-20151208">http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/exposed-academics-hire-agree-not-disclose-fossil-fuel-funding-20151208</a><h1 class="page-title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">EXPOSED: ACADEMICS-FOR-HIRE AGREE NOT TO DISCLOSE FOSSIL FUEL FUNDING</h1><div id="heading-after" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20.995px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="block-block-67" class="block block-block " style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="addthis_sharing_toolbox" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div id="node-373824" class="node node-press_release clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20.995px;"><div class="meta" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Last edited 8 December 2015 at 2:39pm</div><div class="content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-subtitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.29em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.77; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h2 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1em;">Leading climate sceptic who agreed to suggestion of secret Middle East oil cash is set to speak at Ted Cruz Senate hearing today</h2></div><div class="field field-date-published" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">8 December, 2015</div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</div></div></div><div class="field field-intro" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5385em; padding: 0px 0px 0.307em; background-image: url(" sites="sites" default="default" themes="themes" gpuk="gpuk" images="images" dots-horizontal.png="dots-horizontal.png" background-attachment="background-attachment" initial="initial" background-size="background-size" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" repeat-x="repeat-x"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">A Greenpeace undercover investigation has exposed how fossil fuel companies can secretly pay academics at leading American universities to write research that sows doubt about climate science and promotes the companies’ commercial interests.</div></div></div><div class="field field-body" style="margin: 1.154em 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Posing as representatives of oil and coal companies, reporters from Greenpeace UK asked academics from Princeton and Penn State to write papers promoting the benefits of CO2 and the use of coal in developing countries.The Professors agreed to write the reports and said they did not need to disclose the source of the funding.Citing industry-funded documents - including testimony to state hearings and newspaper articles - Professor Frank Clemente of Penn State said: “In none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.”The leading climate-sceptic academic, Professor William Happer, agreed to write a report for a Middle Eastern oil company and to allow the firm to keep the source of the funding secret. Happer is due to appear this afternoon as a star witness in <a href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/cruz-hearing-to-take-aim-at-climate-science/article/2577833" style="text-decoration: none;">US Senate hearings</a> called by Republican Presidential candidate Ted Cruz.In emails to reporters he also revealed Peabody energy paid thousands of dollars for him to testify at a separate state hearing, with the money going to a climate-sceptic think-tank.The investigation also found:<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.154em 18px; padding: 0px 3em 0px 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;">US coal giant Peabody Energy paid tens of thousands of dollars to an academic who produced coal-friendly research and provided testimony at state and federal climate hearings, the amount of which was never revealed.</li></ul> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.154em 18px; padding: 0px 3em 0px 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;">The Donors Trust, an organisation that has been described as the “<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/02/donors-trust-donor-capital-fund-dark-money-koch-bradley-devos" style="text-decoration: none;">dark money ATM”</a> of the US conservative movement, confirmed in a taped conversation with an undercover reporter that it could anonymously channel money from a Middle Eastern oil and gas company to US climate sceptic organisations.</li></ul> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.154em 18px; padding: 0px 3em 0px 0px;"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;">Princeton professor William Happer laid out details of an unofficial peer review process run by the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF), a UK climate sceptic think tank, and said he could ask to put an oil funded report through a similar review process after admitting that it would struggle to be published in an academic journal.</li></ul> <ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.154em 18px; padding: 0px 3em 0px 0px;"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: disc;">A recent report by the GWPF that had been through the same unofficial review process, was promoted as “thoroughly peer-reviewed” by influential columnist Matt Ridley -<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="text-decoration: none;"> a senior figure</a> in the organisation.</li></ul>The full story and all the documents have been published on<a href="http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/" style="text-decoration: none;">http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/</a>The findings echo the case of Willie Soon, a prominent academic exposed in a <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/us/ties-to-corporate-cash-for-climate-change-researcher-Wei-Hock-Soon.html" style="text-decoration: none;">New York Times investigation</a> as having accepted donations from fossil fuel companies and anonymous donors in return for producing climate-sceptic scientific papers.Reporters approached the academics claiming to be representatives of unnamed fossil fuel companies looking to commission ‘independent’ research.Professor Frank Clemente, a sociologist from Penn State university, was asked if he could produce a report “to counter damaging research linking coal to premature deaths (in particular the WHO’s figure that 3.7 million people die per year from fossil fuel pollution)”. He said that this was within his skill set; that he could be quoted using his university job title; and that it would cost around $15,000 for an 8-10 page paperAsked whether he would need to declare the source of the money, Professor Clemente said: “There is no requirement to declare source funding in the US.” He then shared examples of a testimony and an op-ed, explaining: “Note that in none of these cases is the sponsor identified. All my work is published as an independent scholar.”Clemente also disclosed that for another report on “the Global Value of Coal” he was paid $50,000 by Peabody Energy - the sponsorship was mentioned in the small print of the paper, but the amount has not been disclosed until now.The academics’ willingness to conceal the source of funding contrasts strongly with the ethics of journals such as Science, which states in its <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/contribinfo/prep/gen_info.xhtml#funding" style="text-decoration: none;">submission requirements</a> that research “should be accompanied by clear disclosures from all authors of their affiliations, funding sources, or financial holdings that might raise questions about possible sources of bias”The investigation has also revealed a system by which foreign oil and gas companies can anonymously fund US climate-sceptic scientists and organisations.When asked to ensure that the commissioning of the report could not be traced back to the Middle East oil and gas company, Professor Happer contacted his fellow CO2 Coalition board member, Bill O’Keefe, a former <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060127035836/http:/clerk.house.gov/pd/houseID.html?reg_id=34946" style="text-decoration: none;">Exxon lobbyist</a>. He suggested channelling it through the Donors Trust, a controversial organisation that has previously been called the<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/09/secretive-donors-gave-us-climate-denial-groups-125m-over-three-years" style="text-decoration: none;"> “Dark Money ATM”</a> of the US conservative movement.When investigators asked Peter Lipsett of the Donors Trust, if the Trust would accept money from an oil and gas company based in the Middle East, he replied that, although the Trust would like the cash to come from a US bank account, “we can take it from a foreign body, just we have to be extra cautious with that.”Professor Happer, who sits on the GWPF’s<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="text-decoration: none;"> Academic Advisory Council</a>, was also asked by undercover reporters if he could put the industry-funded report through the same peer review process as previous GWPF reports claimed to have been “thoroughly peer reviewed”. Happer explained that this process had <a href="http://bishophill.squarespace.com/blog/2012/9/9/david-henderson-on-gwpf-reports.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">consisted of</a> members of the Advisory Council and other selected scientists reviewing the work, rather than presenting it to an academic journal.
He added: “I would be glad to ask for a similar review for the first drafts of anything I write for your client. Unless we decide to submit the piece to a regular journal, with all the complications of delay, possibly quixotic editors and reviewers that is the best we can do, and I think it would be fine to call it a peer review.GWPF’s “peer review” process was used for a recent GWPF report on the benefits of carbon dioxide. According to Dr Indur Goklany, the author of the report, he was initially encouraged to write it by the journalist Matt Ridley, who <a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council/" style="text-decoration: none;">is</a> also a GWPF academic advisor. That report was then promoted by Ridley, who claimed in his Times column that the paper had been <a href="http://www.rationaloptimist.com/blog/the-benefits-of-carbon-dioxide/" style="text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“thoroughly peer reviewed”.</a>Commenting on the investigation, Greenpeace UK executive director John Sauven said:“This investigation exposes a network of academics-for-hire and a back channel that lets fossil fuel companies secretly influence the climate debate while keeping their fingerprints off. Our research reveals that professors at prestigious universities can be sponsored by foreign fossil fuel companies to write reports that sow doubt about climate change, and that those professors will keep that funding secret from the public. The question now is very simple. Down the years, how many scientific reports that sowed public doubt on climate change were actually funded by oil, coal and gas companies? This investigation shows how they do it, now we need to know when and where they did it. It’s time for the sceptics to come clean.”He added:“Lord Lawson’s Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF) has serious questions to answer. Does it condone a member of its academic council agreeing to be secretly sponsored to write a report by a group purporting to be from a Middle Eastern oil company? Have reports by senior figures in Lawson’s foundation been secretly paid for by the fossil fuel industry? Would they have agreed to Professor Happer’s suggestion that the ‘oil-funded’ report be put through a 'similar review' process to the GWPF's own ‘peer-review’ process? Does it accept that the foundation’s so-called ‘peer review’ process is flawed, given Professor Happer’s revelations about how it operated on an earlier report? And does the foundation stand by its academic advisor, Viscount Ridley, who described that earlier report as ‘thoroughly peer-reviewed’?”ENDS</div></div></div></div><div class="node-links" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="goodlinks taxonomy" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="taxonomy-wrapper clearfix" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.923em; padding: 0px;">Article tagged as:<a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/tags/climate-deniers" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Climate Deniers</a>, <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/tags/climate-skeptics" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Climate Skeptics</a>, <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/tags/investigation" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Investigation</a>, <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/taxonomy/term/1922" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Republican Party</a>, <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/tags/ted-cruz" style="text-decoration: none; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.583em 10px; text-transform: capitalize;">Ted Cruz</a>

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=<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/nigel-lawson" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; line-height: 17.6px;">Lord Lawson</a> has taken the extraordinary decision to stand by a “distinguished” academic advisor to his charity who has become embroiled in<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/greenpeace-exposes-sceptics-cast-doubt-climate-science" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; line-height: 17.6px;"> a new scandal</a> about climate denier groups being secretly funded by oil companies. desmogbusted:
Greenpeace Subterfuge Tests ClimateResearchBy JOHN SCHWARTZ DEC. 9, 2015A sting operation by the environmental group Greenpeace suggests that someresearchers who dispute mainstream scientific conclusions on climate changeare willing to conceal the sources of payment for their research, even if themoney is purported to come from overseas corporations producing oil, gas andcoal.Over a period of several months, two Greenpeace employees posed asrepresentatives of energy companies and offered to pay prominentcommentators on climate change to write papers that extolled the benefits ofcoal and carbon emissions. The Greenpeace workers also asked that thepayments not be disclosed.The commentators — a professor from Princeton University and one fromPennsylvania State University — agreed to the offers.Disclosure of funding for scientific research has been a flash point in thefight over climate change, especially in the case of published scientificresearch. The effort by Greenpeace, which has a long record of usingaggressive tactics to make environmental statements, was to “unravel thestory” of industry ties to denial of climate change, said Lawrence Carter, one ofthe Greenpeace employees involved in the subterfuge.12/9/2015 Greenpeace Subterfuge Tests Climate Research The New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/science/greenpeacesubterfugetestsclimateresearch.html?r=0 2/4“It shows a way that fossil fuel money can get into funding these climateskeptic campaign groups,” he added.Frank Clemente, a professor emeritus of sociology at Penn State, agreed towrite a paper on coal on behalf of a coal mining firm that he was told wasbased in Indonesia. William Happer, a professor of physics at Princeton,agreed to write a paper at the request of an unnamed oil and gas company inthe Middle East.Both men acknowledged, in response to requests for comments, that theexchanged emails about the arrangements, which Greenpeace released onTuesday, were genuine. But both denied having done anything improper.Dr. Clemente formerly served as director of an environmental policycenter at Penn State. He said in an email response to questions: “I fully standbehind every single statement I made in the emails apparently pirated byGreenpeace. I am very proud of my research and believe that clean coaltechnologies are the pathway to reliable and affordable electricity, reduction ofglobal energy poverty and a cleaner environment.”In an email message responding to a request for comment, Dr. Happersaid, “I don’t think I have anything to be embarrassed about.”When asked whether he agreed that there should be full disclosure offoreign and industry influence on science, Dr. Happer said, “Yes, I believe infull disclosure.”But, he added, “I don’t think that full disclosure was the point of theGreenpeace article at all. The aim was simply to smear their enemies.”Dr. Happer testified on Tuesday at a hearing of the Senate subcommitteeon Space, Science and Competitiveness, whose chairman is Senator Ted Cruz,Republican of Texas and a presidential candidate who disagrees with thescientific consensus on climate change.12/9/2015 Greenpeace Subterfuge Tests Climate Research The New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/science/greenpeacesubterfugetestsclimateresearch.html?r=0 3/4Michael Halpern, a program manager at the Union of ConcernedScientists, expressed discomfort over the scrutiny of unguarded emailexchanges, a controversial element of monthslong efforts by RepresentativeLamar Smith, Republican of Texas, to challenge the work of climate scientistsfrom the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.“I know they can be taken out of context,” Mr. Halpern said. But, headded, “It’s entirely justified to ask for information that relates to researchers’funding and whether there are any strings attached.”Dr. Happer wrote in his exchanges with Greenpeace that he believed therewere “real pollutants associated with the combustion of fossil fuels,” includingthe oxides of nitrogen and sulfur that contribute to smog, and that hesupported regulation of those pollutants.But he opposed the notion that carbon dioxide itself is a pollutant.“More CO2 will benefit the world,” he wrote. “The only way to limit CO2would be to stop using fossil fuels, which I think would be a profoundlyimmoral and irrational policy.”Dr. Happer suggested to the purported funders that he not be paiddirectly. “My activities to push back against climate extremism are a labor oflove,” he wrote.He recommended that money for the project be paid to a nonprofitorganization he helped found this year, the CO2 Coalition, which he said paidhim no fees or salary, but “covers occasional travel expenses.”On the question of disclosure, Dr. Happer said, “I don’t think there wouldbe any problem stating that ‘the author received no financial compensation forthis essay.’ ”Dr. Happer then wrote to William O’Keefe, managing director of thenonprofit, and said, “I am trying to get another mysterious client to donate12/9/2015 Greenpeace Subterfuge Tests Climate Research The New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/science/greenpeacesubterfugetestsclimateresearch.html?r=0 4/4funds to the CO2 Coalition instead of compensating me for my writingsomething for them.” Dr. Happer also asked Mr. O’Keefe about disclosure.Mr. O’Keefe responded, “We are under no obligation to identify donors,except to the I.R.S.,” and that list, he said, is redacted before release to thepublic<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/science/greenpeace-subterfuge-tests-climate-research.html?r=0">http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/science/greenpeace-subterfuge-tests-climate-research.html?r=0</a>=<div>In news that’s equally shocking and not really shocking at all, Greenpeace has reported that when it posed as consultants for gas and oil companies and visited some of the top universities in the US, it caught two professors offering to write reports on the benefits of rising CO2 levels and the use of fossil fuels - for a price.During discussions with disguised Greenpeace reps, the academics were happy to come up with ways to obscure the proposed corporate funding in their 'research', while admitting that the content likely wouldn’t make it through the peer-review process, so they’d have to handpick the reviewers themselves.sci direct<div>As damning as that is, US secretary of state John Kerry played down the impact of the finding at the UN climate talks in Paris. "One professor or one scientist is not going to negate peer-reviewed scientists by the thousands over many years and 97 percent of the scientists on the planet," <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/greenpeace-exposes-sceptics-cast-doubt-climate-science?CMP=twt_gu" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">he told the press. </a>It's a perfectly reasonable thing to say, but the fact is that <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/13/rising-numbers-of-american-believe-climate-science-poll-shows" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">30 percent of Americans</a> are still not convinced that global climate change is real, and research published by 'skeptical' academics who may or may not be receiving money from fossil fuel companies is being cited as reasonable doubt.The Greenpeace officials posed as consultants from a Middle Eastern oil and gas company and an Indonesian coal company and contacted professors from leading US universities asking if they could commission a report outlining the benefits of using fossil fuels, and of the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Two academics were happy to bite - known climate skeptic, William Happer, the Cyrus Fogg Brackett professor of physics at Princeton University; and Frank Clemente, a retired sociologist formerly employed by Pennsylvania State University.“I could submit the article to a peer-reviewed journal, but that might greatly delay publication and might require such major changes in response to referees and to the journal editor that the article would no longer make the case that CO2 is a benefit, not a pollutant, as strongly as I would like, and presumably as strongly as your client would also like," Happer wrote in an email to what he thought was a fossil fuel rep, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/greenpeace-exposes-sceptics-cast-doubt-climate-science?CMP=twt_gu" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">as Suzanne Goldenberg reports for The Guardian.</a>He suggested that he could pass his report on to handpicked reviewers instead. "Purists might object that the process did not qualify as a peer review. I think it would be fine to call it a peer review," <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/greenpeace-exposes-sceptics-cast-doubt-climate-science?CMP=twt_gu" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">he said</a>.Clemente, on the other hand, told who he thought was an Indonesian coal company representative that if he were to write a report challenging research linking coal use to <a href="http://www.sciencealert.com/outdoor-air-pollution-is-now-killing-over-3-million-people-every-year" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">increased rates of premature death</a> around the world, he’d need about US$15,000 for an eight-to-10-page paper, and $6,000 for an opinion piece for a newspaper.UK GRD link] that Clemente was fine with being quoted as a professor emeritus at Penn State - even though he’s now retired and no longer employed by the institution - while at the same time declaring that he’s an "independent scholar" and is not beholden to any university. He said he was under no obligation to reveal the source of his funding."Our research reveals that professors at prestigious universities can be sponsored by foreign fossil fuel companies to write reports that sow doubt about climate change and that this sponsorship will then be kept secret," John Sauven, the director of Greenpeace UK, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/greenpeace-exposes-sceptics-cast-doubt-climate-science?CMP=twt_gu" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">told the press</a>. "Down the years, how many scientific reports that sowed public doubt on climate change were actually funded by oil, coal and gas companies? This investigation shows how they do it, now we need to know when and where they did it."As we mentioned earlier, it's shocking to find confirmation that these academics are in the pockets of corporations that the vast majority of scientists agree are damaging the environment - quite possibly beyond repair - for profit. But it's also not surprising. We just have to make sure <a href="http://www.sciencealert.com/science-textbooks-are-teaching-kids-that-climate-change-is-debatable" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">our children are educated enough</a> in the actual science to make these kinds of tactics irrelevant in the future. <div style="line-height: 27px; padding-top: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Read these next:<ul class="newsfeed" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><li style="line-height: 1.5em; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px 25px;"><h5 class="feed-link" style="margin: 10px 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;"><a class="ira-title" href="http://www.sciencealert.com/new-study-links-climate-change-denials-with-conspiracy-theories?utm_source=Article&utm_medium=Website&utm_campaign=InArticleReadMore" title="New study links climate change denials with conspiracy theories" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">New study links climate change denials with conspiracy theories</a></h5></li><li style="line-height: 1.5em; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px 25px;"><h5 class="feed-link" style="margin: 10px 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;"><a class="ira-title" href="http://www.sciencealert.com/indiegogo-is-helping-climate-change-deniers-raise-money-to-derail-paris-talks?utm_source=Article&utm_medium=Website&utm_campaign=InArticleReadMore" title="Indiegogo is helping climate change deniers raise money to derail Paris talks" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">Indiegogo is helping climate change deniers raise money to derail Paris talks</a></h5></li><li style="line-height: 1.5em; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px 25px;"><h5 class="feed-link" style="margin: 10px 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 20px; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;"><a class="ira-title" href="http://www.sciencealert.com/science-textbooks-are-teaching-kids-that-climate-change-is-debatable?utm_source=Article&utm_medium=Website&utm_campaign=InArticleReadMore" title="Science textbooks are teaching kids that climate change is debatable" style="text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s ease-out; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220);">Science textbooks are teaching kids that climate change is debatable</a></h5></li></ul></div></div><div></div></div><div> =While the eyes of the world are on Paris, where nations are hammering out an agreement to do something about the reality of climate change, the Senate Subcommittee on Space, Science, and Competitiveness once again held a hearing on Tuesday to debate whether climate change is for real. Subcommittee Chairman Ted Cruz (R-Tex.), who is running for his party’s presidential nomination, convened <a href="http://www.commerce.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/hearings?ID=CA2ABC55-B1E8-4B7A-AF38-34821F6468F7" style="text-decoration: none;">the hearing</a> titled “Data or dogma? Promoting open inquiry in the debate over the magnitude of human impact on Earth’s climate.”
Senator Cruz opened the hearing with some ironic remarks. “This is a hearing on the science behind the claims of global warming. Now, this is the Science Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce Committee, and we’re hearing from distinguished scientists, sharing their views, their interpretations, their analysis of the data and the evidence. Now, I am the son of two mathematicians—two computer programmers and scientists—and I believe that public policy should follow the actual science, and the actual data and evidence, and not political and partisan claims that run contrary to the science and data and evidence.”Senator Cruz brought in four witnesses to testify, mostly chosen from the usual suspects that have participated in similar hearings in the past. There were two of the very small handful of climate scientists who express doubts about human responsibility for climate change—Georgia Tech professor and blogger <a href="http://curry.eas.gatech.edu/" style="text-decoration: none;">Judith Curry</a> and <a href="http://nsstc.uah.edu/users/john.christy/about.html" style="text-decoration: none;">John Christy</a>from the University of Alabama in Huntsville. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Happer" style="text-decoration: none;">William Happer</a>, a retired Princeton physicist and chairman of the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_C.Marshall_Institute" style="text-decoration: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a>, a conservative think-tank, was also invited to speak. The fourth person brought in to talk climate science was conservative radio host and columnist<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Steyn" style="text-decoration: none;">Mark Steyn</a>. (The last two were keynote speakers at this year’s Heartland Institute conference for climate “skeptics.”)<div id="teads-container" style="line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">John Christy, who has helped develop the UAH satellite temperature dataset favored by climate “skeptics” because it shows slower warming in portions of the troposphere than we see in surface records, made his pitch for why we just don’t know what has caused recent warming. That explanation involved highlighting <a href="http://www.climatedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Christy-fig-1.jpg" style="text-decoration: none;">his graph</a> of tropical mid-troposphere (rather than global surface) model projections and observations that frequently appears in the comments on stories like this one—a graph other climate scientists <a href="https://twitter.com/ClimateOfGavin/status/674336477669670912" style="text-decoration: none;">take issue with</a>—and claiming that emissions cuts would have a minimal impact on climate change. While claiming that research funding is biased, he proposed setting aside five to 10 percent of federal climate research funding for a “Red Team” like <a href="http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/30/inside-the-cia-red-cell-micah-zenko-red-team-intelligence/" style="text-decoration: none;">the CIA section</a> tasked with outside-the-box analyses that challenge the status quo. This Red Team would “produce an assessment that expresses legitimate, alternative hypotheses” for climate change.Judith Curry echoed Christy’s complaints, claiming that climate science has fallen victim to “groupthink”—a conclusion she says she reached after reading the quote-mined “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy" style="text-decoration: none;">Climategate</a>” e-mails between scientists in 2009. (A pile of subsequent independent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy#Inquiries_and_reports" style="text-decoration: none;">investigations</a> found no evidence of scientific misconduct.) The rest of Curry’s testimony entailed claims that the science of anthropogenic climate change is unsettled, which she has spoken and written about at length over the years.Mark Steyn’s testimony focused on his accusations that climate science is fraudulent and oppresses contrarians. Steyn’s claim to climate fame is that he’s being sued for defamation by Penn State climate scientist Michael Mann, whom Steyn has repeatedly accused of fraud.William Happer used most of his time to argue that rising concentrations of carbon dioxide are good for the planet, claiming that there is “not much dispute” that there is too little CO2 and too much oxygen for plants right now. He also seemed to like Christy’s “Red Team” idea, as he said climate science lacks an “adversarial process” to check if the science is right. (Of course, “an adversarial process” isn’t a bad description of peer review or the work of thousands of independent researchers.) “I would like to argue very strongly that we set aside some fraction of funding for climate research that is designed to be for the other side,” Happer said. That would run counter to the way funding is granted today, which is based on the hypothesis and the quality of the test rather than what the resulting conclusion is going to be.Happer became <a href="http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/12/08/exposed-academics-for-hire/" style="text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">a story</a> in his own right earlier in the day, when Greenpeace released <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2642410-Email-Chain-Happer-O-Keefe-and-Donors-Trust.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">e-mails</a> with Happer in which they had pretended to represent a foreign energy company. They asked Happer if he would produce a report extolling the virtues of CO2 but without disclosing their financial support, and Happer agreed this was something he could do. Happer explained that Peabody Coal Company had paid him $8,000 to testify at regulatory hearings in Minnesota. That fee went to the tax-exempt<a href="http://co2coalition.org/" style="text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CO2 Coalition</a>, which he said pays his travel expenses but no salary. Just before Tuesday’s hearing, someone from Greenpeace <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/watch-industry-funded-climate-denier-goes-off-on-camera-lies-about-fossil-fuel-funding/" style="text-decoration: none;">filmed a heated exchange</a> with Happer asking whether he had been paid to testify. Happer seemed to indicate that the CO2 Coalition “took some of my fee” before rising out of his chair and angrily replying, “I haven’t taken a dime, you son of a bitch.”Finally, there was testimony from a witness invited by committee Democrats—former Navy Rear Admiral and current Penn State meteorology professor <a href="http://www.met.psu.edu/people/dwt12" style="text-decoration: none;">David Titley</a>. Titley calmly attempted to explain the basics of climate science, highlighting the fact that nothing is ever 100 percent certain in science, yet we understand how to act on risks despite imperfect knowledge.A question-and-answer portion followed this testimony, which at one point devolved to Senator Ed Markey (D-Mass.), Steyn, and Curry pretty much shouting at each other. But there was also some discussion about satellite temperature data sets. (Curiously, this involved no questions for John Christy, who helps run one.) Senator Cruz is fond of claiming that one of the satellite data sets shows “no warming for 18 years” while ignoring longer-term trends and the fact that all surface temperature data sets show warming over that period.After Senator Cruz pushed Titley to answer a question about the satellite records, which he claimed “the global warming alarmists don’t want to talk about,” Titley let loose. “Let’s talk about the satellite measurements,” Titley said. “Let’s talk about orbital decay. Let’s talk about overlapping satellite records. Let’s talk about stratospheric temperature contamination. I think Dr. Christy and Dr. [Roy] Spencer, when they’ve put this out, they have been wrong, I think, at least four consecutive times. Each time the data record has had to be adjusted upward. There have been several sign errors. So, with all due respect, sir, I don’t know which data, exactly, your staff has, whether it’s the first or second or third or fourth correction to Dr. Christy’s data. We used to have a negative trend, and then we had no trend, and now we begrudgingly have an upward trend.”To be fair, Senator Cruz was pointing to a competing data set run by Remote Sensing Systems in California that, until recently, showed an even smaller 18-year warming trend than the University of Alabama in Huntsville data set. And the latest version of that UAH data set, which is in beta, reduces that trend once again.In a curious moment, William Happer chimed in to state that these satellites measure temperatures “the same way as hospitals do today,” with devices that measure infrared radiation. In fact, these satellites <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Microwave_Sounding_Unit" style="text-decoration: none;">measure</a> microwave radiation, and doctors aren’t trying to simultaneously determine temperatures of various layers inside you when they pop a thermometer in your ear.Senator Cruz also accused scientists of deliberately manipulating land surface temperature data to create the appearance of warming over the 20th Century. (Quality-control adjustments to sea surface temperature data, which obviously involve a much larger portion of the globe, actually make the overall effect a decrease in global 20th Century warming.) When asked about this, Judith Curry didn’t quite support Senator Cruz’s accusation but did comment, “To me, the error bars should really be much bigger if they’re making such a large adjustment, so we really don’t know too much about what’s going on.”In contrast to this talk of uncertainty and scientific skullduggery, Senator Gary Peters (D-Mich.) opted for some remedial physics in his opening comments. “By burning fossil fuels, humans are releasing carbon into the atmosphere that would have otherwise remained locked away. This process creates carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that traps heat that otherwise would have been radiated off into space. We know that by the law of conservation of energy, that additional heat can’t just magically disappear. Instead, it causes our planet to get warmer.”
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/12/senate-science-committee-hearing-challenges-dogma-of-climate-science/">http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/12/senate-science-committee-hearing-challenges-dogma-of-climate-science/</a></div>TPPFmorano bsPrinceton Physicist Dr. Will Happer, who has authored over 200 peer-reviewed papers, called policies to reduce CO2 “based on nonsense.”“Policies to slow CO2 emissions are really based on nonsense. They are all based on computer models that do not work. We are being led down a false path.“Our breath is not that different from a power plant,” he continued.“To call carbon dioxide a pollutant is really Orwellian. You are calling something a pollutant that we all produce. Where does that lead us eventually?” he asked.“Coal, formed from ancient CO2, is a benefit to the world. Coal is CO2 from ancient atmospheres. We are simply returning CO2 to the atmosphere from which it came when you burn coal. And it’s a good thing since it is at very low levels in the atmosphere. We are in a CO2 famine. It is very, very low,” Happer explained.Happer continued: “CO2 will be beneficial and crop yields will increase.” “More CO2 will be a very significant benefit to agriculture,” he added.Happer then showed a picture of polluted air in China with the caption: “Real pollution in Shanghai.”
“If you can see it, it’s not CO2,” Happer said.“If plants could vote, they would vote for coal,” Happer declared.Happer also rebutted the alleged 97% consensus.“97% of scientists have often been wrong on many things,” he said.Ecologist and Greenpeace founding member Dr. Patrick Moore discusse

Read more: http://www.climatedepot.com/2015/11/19/scientists-declare-un-climate-summit-goals-irrational-based-on-nonsense-leading-us-down-a-false-path/#ixzz3suwhYHQL<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer">http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer</a><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.38999998569488525px; line-height: 19.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2em;"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Ph.D, physics, Princeton (1964).</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Bachelor's degree in physics from University of North Carolina (1960).</li></ul>Source: <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; font-weight: 300;"> Background</h2>William Happer is Eugene Higgens Professor of Physics and Cyrus Fogg Brackett Professor of Physics, Princeton University, and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the George C. Marshall Institute and is on the Academic Advisory Council of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Warming_Policy_Foundation" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF)</a>.<h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; font-weight: 300;">Stance on Climate Change</h2>“I, and many other scientists, think the warming will be small compared the natural fluctuations in the earth’s temperature, and that the warming and increased CO2 will be good for mankind.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; font-weight: 300;">Key Quotes</h2><blockquote style="margin: 15px 30px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">“There have been similar and even larger warmings several times in the 10,000 years since the end of the last ice age. These earlier warmings clearly had nothing to do with the combustion of fossil fuels. The current warming also seems to be due mostly to natural causes, not to increasing levels of carbon dioxide. Over the past ten years there has been no global warming, and in fact a slight cooling.  This is not at all what was predicted by the IPCC models.”<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"> [3]</a></blockquote><blockquote style="margin: 15px 30px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">“I am convinced that the current alarm over carbon dioxide is mistaken … Fears about man-made global warming are unwarranted and are not based on good science.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s4" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></blockquote><blockquote style="margin: 15px 30px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">“I am not a climatologist, but I don’t think any of the other witnesses are either. I do work in the related field of atomic, molecular and optical physics. I have spent my professional life studying the interactions of visible and infrared radiation with gases – one of the main physical phenomena behind the greenhouse effect. I have published over 200 papers in peer reviewed scientific journals.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></blockquote><blockquote style="margin: 15px 30px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">“We know that carbon dioxide has been a much larger fraction of the earth's atmosphere than it is today, and the geological record shows that life flourished on land and in the oceans during those times. The incredible list of supposed horrors that increasing carbon dioxide will bring the world is pure belief disguised as science.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s13" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></blockquote><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; font-weight: 300;">Key Deeds</h2>May 8, 2013William Happer and <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/harrison-schmitt" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Harrison H. Schmitt</a> co-author a paper published in the Wall Street Journal entitled, “<a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323528404578452483656067190.html?dsk=y" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">In Defense of Carbon Dioxide</a>.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s13" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a> The authors submit that no chemical compound in the atmosphere has a worse reputation than CO2, thanks to the “single-minded demonization of this natural and essential atmospheric gas by advocates of government control and energy production.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s13" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a> The conclusion of the article states that, “The incredible list of supposed horrors that increasing carbon dioxide will bring the world is pure belief disguised as science.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s13" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a>January 27, 2012Happer signed a <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204301404577171531838421366.html?mod=WSJ_WSJ_News_BlogsModule" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Wall Street Journal opinion piece</a> that claims there is no need to panic about global warming. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s6" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a>Other “scientists” who signed the article include <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/claude-all-gre" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Claude Allègre</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/scott-armstrong" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">J. Scott Armstrong</a>,<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/roger-cohen" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Roger Cohen</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-kininmonth" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">William Kininmonth</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/jan-breslow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Jan Breslow</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/richard-lindzen" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Richard Lindzen</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/james-mcgrath" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">James McGrath</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/rodney-nichols" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Rodney Nichols</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/burt-rutan" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Burt Rutan</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/harrison-schmitt" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Harrison H. Schmitt</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/nir-shaviv" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Nir Shaviv</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/edward-david" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Edward David</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/michael-kelly" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Michael Kelly</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/hendrik-tennekes" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Henk Tennekes</a>, and <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/antonino-zichichi" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Antonino Zichichi</a>.<a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/201201300008" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Media Transparency reported on the Op-Ed</a>, concluding that most of the scientists have never published articles in peer-reviewed journals on the subject of climate change. They also contacted economist William Nordhaus who had been cited by the article, and he said that the WSJ was guilty of a “Complete Mischaracterization Of My Work.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a><a href="http://www.skepticalscience.com/examining-the-latest-climate-denialist-plea-for-inaction.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Skeptical Science also looked into the signatories</a>, and summarize how the list “only includes four scientists who have actually published climate research in peer-reviewed journals, and only two who have published climate research in the past three decades.” Also, almost half have received funding from oil companies and big industry. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s8" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a>May 20, 2010Testified (<a href="http://globalwarming.house.gov/files/HRG/052010SciencePolicy/happer.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>) before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, U.S. House of Representatives on “Climate Science in the Political Arena.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a>February 25, 2009<a href="http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/reprint/happer_senate_testimony.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Testified</a> before the U.S. Senate Environment & Public Works Committee where he describes how the dangers of CO2 are “Wildly Exaggerated” and “why I and many scientists like me are not alarmed by increasing levels of CO2.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s3" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a>He said that the earth is in a “<a href="http://www.powermag.com/blog/index.php/2009/02/25/will-happer-we-need-more-co2/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">CO2 famine</a>,” and more atmospheric carbon dioxide would be beneficial. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a>The Committee was formerly chaired by climate skeptic <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/james-inhofe" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Senator James Inhofe</a> who is also currently <a href="http://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Members.Home&CFID=53650211&CFTOKEN=41207938" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Senate Minority Committee Member</a>. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a>November 9, 2008Happer's name appears on an<a href="http://www.cato.org/special/climatechange/alternate_version.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;"> ad funded by the CATO institute </a>addressed to then President-Elect Barack Obama, responding to his statement that “Few challenges facing America and the world are more urgent than combating climate change.The science is beyond dispute and the facts are clear” by saying, “With all due respect Mr. President, that is not true.”1998 – 2008Happer is listed as a <a href="http://www.petitionproject.org/signers_by_last_name.php?run=H" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">signatory</a> to the <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/oregon-petition" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Oregon Petition</a>. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/william-happer#s5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a>According to the Associated Press article, the Oregon petition included names that were<a href="http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=2748308&date=19980501&query=jokers+petition" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">intentionally placed</a> to prove the invalid name collection process. The Oregon Petition has been <a href="http://epw.senate.gov/pressitem.cfm?party=rep&id=228016" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">used by climate change skeptics</a> as <a href="http://www.sepp.org/Archive/Publications/pressrel/petition.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">proof</a> that there is no scientific consensus.<h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; font-weight: 300;"> Affiliations </h2><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2em;"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=George_C.Marshall_Institute" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a> — <a href="http://www.marshall.org/experts.php?id=57" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Chairman of the Board of Directors</a>.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Warming_Policy_Foundation" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF)</a> — Member of “<a href="http://www.thegwpf.org/who-we-are/academic-advisory-council.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Academic Advisory Council</a>.”</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Department of Energy — Director of Energy Research (1991-1993)</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">MITRE — <a href="http://www.mitre.org/about/bot/happer.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Listed</a> on Board of Trustees.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://rlounsbery.org/default.asp" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Richard Lounsbery Foundation</a> — Vice President and member of the <a href="http://rlounsbery.org/officers_board/default.htm" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Board of Directors</a>.</li></ul>*The Richard Loundsbery Foundation has funded (<a href="http://rlounsbery.org/doc/lounsbery_ann_report_FINAL.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>) <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/s-fred-singer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Fred Singer</a>'s Science and Environmental Policy Project (<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Science_and_Environmental_Policy_Project" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">SEPP</a>) and the Marshall Institute's <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Environmental_Literacy_Council" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Environmental Literacy Council</a>.<h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; font-weight: 300;"> Publications</h2>William Happer appears to have only published <a href="http://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=author:W-Happer+climate+climate" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">one paper on climate change</a>, titled “Climate Science and Policy: Making the Connection.”Note that while the paper appears in Google Scholar, it was published by the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=George_C.Marshall_Institute" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a> and not by any peer-reviewed journal.<h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3em; font-weight: 300;"> Resources</h2><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2em;"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s1" id="s1" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</a><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110320212913/http://www.mitre.org/about/bot/happer.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Board of Trustees: Dr. William Happer</a>,” MITRE Corporation. Archived March 20, 2011.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s2" id="s2" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“Climate Science in the Political Arena” (</a><a href="http://globalwarming.house.gov/files/HRG/052010SciencePolicy/happer.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), Statement of William Happer before the Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming U.S. House of Representatives (May 20, 2010).</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/reprint/happer_senate_testimony.html" name="s3" id="s3" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">William Happer's testimony to the Senate Energy Committee on February 25, 2009</a>. Republished by the Science and Public Policy Institute, April 8, 2009.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s4" id="s4" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Blogs&ContentRecord_id=2674e64f-802a-23ad-490b-bd9faf4dcdb7" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">U. S. Senate Minority Report: More Than 700 International Scientists Dissent Over Man-Made Global Warming Claims</a>.” U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s5" id="s5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</a><a href="http://www.petitionproject.org/signers_by_last_name.php?run=H" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">List of Signers By Name</a>,” Global Warming Petition Project. Accessed December, 2011.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s6" id="s6" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</a><a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204301404577171531838421366.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">No Need to Panic About Global Warming</a>,” The Wall Street Journal, January 27, 2012.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s7" id="s7" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</a><a href="http://mediamatters.org/research/201201300008" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">The Journal Hires Dentists To Do Heart Surgery</a>,” Media Transparency, January 30, 2012.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s8" id="s8" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</a><a href="http://www.skepticalscience.com/examining-the-latest-climate-denialist-plea-for-inaction.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">The Latest Denialist Plea for Climate Change Inaction</a>,” Skeptical Science, January 31, 2012.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s9" id="s9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Kennedy Maize. “</a><a href="http://www.powermag.com/blog/index.php/2009/02/25/will-happer-we-need-more-co2/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Will Happer: We need more CO2</a>,” Power, February 25, 2009.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s10" id="s10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</a><a href="http://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Members.Home&CFID=53650211&CFTOKEN=41207938" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; letter-spacing: 0.03em; line-height: 1.5em;">Members</a>,” U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works. Accessed May 12, 2013.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_Happer" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">William Happer</a>,” SourceWatch Profile.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Happer" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">William Happer</a>,” Wikipedia entry.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a name="s13" id="s13" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“</a><a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323528404578452483656067190.html?dsk=y" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">In Defense of Carbon Dioxide</a>,” The Wall Street Journal, May 8, 2013.</li></ol></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-13 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.39px; line-height: 19.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-label" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold;">Organizations: </div><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/taxonomy/term/1624" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Nrsp</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-14 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.39px; line-height: 19.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-label" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold;">Tags: </div><div class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/913" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">global warming</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/939" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">climate change</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2540" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">desmogblog</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2560" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">global warming blog</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2654" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">denial industry</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/3068" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">climate change denier</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4046" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">global warming research</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4047" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">climate misinformation</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4691" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Will Happer</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5041" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">William Happer</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5721" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">smogger</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6886" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">climate change skeptic</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6914" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">George Marshall Institute</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7705" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">climate denialism</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7706" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">denial database</a></div></div></div><a href="http://ecowatch.com/2014/07/15/princeton-carbon-jews-hitler/">http://ecowatch.com/2014/07/15/princeton-carbon-jews-hitler/</a>

wsk 16: William Happer, professor of physics, Princeton; Physicist specializing in optics and spectroscopy and Board member, George Marshall Institute which is a recipient of <a href="http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/organization/George_C_Marshall_Institute/funders" target="_blank">substantial funding from Exxon Mobil</a>.

---

Happer, William

Cyrus Fogg Brackett Professor of Physics

Princeton University

Fellow APS, AAAS

Member National Academy of Sciences

Activities: OISM1998, GMI2002, A.HOCKX, CATO2009, (organizer) APS2009, A.GATE, A.Hockey

Organizations: CATO, (Chairman) GMI, JASON

People: (Singer; Canavan; Nichols) via GMI; (H.Lewis, Dyson) via JASON;.

Sproull via GMI, both were on Board (at least). (other APS2009 organizers) Austin, Cohen, Gould,

H.Lewis, Singer. See GMI for many other connections.

Fields: nuclear; defense, NMR

Locations: NJ; DC; NJ-Princeton

Employers: DOE; Princeton

Groups: JASON; GMI

Notes: Atomic physics; JASON 1976-90 (chair steering 1987-1990); Trustee MITRE; DOE Energy

1991-1993. (MITRE manages JASON.)

Happer was GMI Director at least 11/07/01-onward, then became Chairman January 2006, a few months

into the WR effort.

www.marshall.org/pdf/materials/405.pdf

www.princeton.edu/physics/people/faculty/william-happer/

<a href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2009/01/12/22506/">www.dailyprincetonian.com/2009/01/12/22506/</a>

―Physics professor William Happer GS ‘64 has some tough words for scientists who believ e that carbon dioxide is

causing global warming. ―Th is is George Orwe ll. This is the ‗Ge rmans are the master race. The Je ws are the scum

of the earth.‘ It‘s that kind of propaganda,‖ Happer, the Cyrus Fogg Brac kett Professor of Physics, said in an

interview. ― Carbon dio xide is not a pollutant. Every time you e xhale , you e xhale a ir that has 4 percent carbon

dio xide. To say that that‘s a pollutant just boggles my mind. What used to be science has turned into a cult …‖‖

―Happer said that he is alarmed by the funding that climate change scientists, such as Pacala and Socolow, receive

from the private sector.

―Their whole caree r depends on pushing. They have no other reason to exist. I could care less. I don‘t get a

dime one way or another from the global warming issue,‖ Happer noted. ―I‘m not on the payroll of oil co mpanies

as they are. They are funded by BP.‖‖

As the article mentions, GMI had received at least $715,000 from ExxonMobil from 1998 through 2006,

and GMI has long been funded by family foundations , some of which were built on oil fortunes (A.2)

Happer has worded his comments carefully. His Princeton research has no obvious connection with

climate or energy (despite claims elsewhere about CO2 expertise), so unsurprisingly is not funded by oil

companies. GMI has certainly gotten money from oil-based family fortunes, and from ExxonMobil (at

Crescendo to ClimateGate Cacophony V1.0 03/15/10

126

least) starting in 1999, and about 40% of GMI‟s funding is still unidentified. Funding often flows to think

tanks without formally specifying the exact purpose. It may be labeled “for research and support”, or “to

promote free enterprise.” A think tank might seek money from ExxonMobil or tobacco companies, and

would presumably know how to spend it to be able to show accomplishments when seeking further grants.

The money-laundering maze is difficult to track, and with family foundations it is even worse. One may

have some idea of the original sources of wealth, but it is difficult to discover actual current investments,

not just of the foundations, but of the people controlling them. To criticize university research grants

seems inconsistent while Chairing a think tank long funded via oil money to do climate anti-science.

<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-chameides/non-climate-scientist-cli_b_173422.html">www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-chameides/non-climate-scientist-cli_b_173422.html</a>

This is part of article by Duke‘s Bill Chame ides, which inc ludes 7-minute video of Happer, speaking to

Senate EPW February 25, 2009. The transcript is available at:

scienceandpublicpolicy.org/reprint/happer_senate_testimony.html

tedhsu.blogspot.com/2009/03/on-will-happer-and-lorne-gunter.html

―1) Dr. Happer was a proponent of the Reagan administration's heavily critic ized and eventually abandoned "Star

Wars" (Strategic Defense Initiat ive) project.

2) He was appointed by George H.W. Bush as Director of Energy Research in the U.S. Department of Energy.

3) Soon after the Clinton administration took over in 1993, Happer was fired by Al Gore for not having any

urgency in dealing with ozone depletion and climate change.‖

An article in Reason says this also, albeit from a different viewpoint, and others have pointed out that

political appointees unsurprisingly change when administrations change, unless they have managed to

―burrow in‖ to a civil service position beforehand.

www.SEPP.org/Archive/controv/controversies/happer.html

www.mitre.org/about/bot/happer.html JASON Chair of Steering Committee 1987-1990

www.fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1999_h/990713-happer_071399.htm

www.marshall.org/experts.php?id=57

www.climatedepot.com/a/4383/Princeton-Professor-Will-Happer-on-the-Orwellian-Movement-UN-IPCC

-rewrites-the-history-of-the-past-climate-of-Earth-with-the-Hockey-Stick-which-is-clearly-fraudulent

A.Hockey

Singer‘s 1999 ―Hot talk, Cold Science – Revised Second Edition‖, published by The Independent

Institute (TII), has a blurb from Happer:

―HOT TA LK, COLD SCIENCE ca refully revie ws the scientific, economic and policy literature on global

warming, and provides a welcome, reasoned assessment of the facts and uncertainties. I strongly recommend this

book to any citizen.‖

Hence, Singer and Happer were involved at least as far back as 1999.

Contrib: R99-04, D04: www.newsmeat.com/fec/bystate_detail.php?city=Princeton&st=NJ&last=happer

Happer was one of the organizers of the APS2009 and surrounding advocacy efforts and then coauthored

an email to APS members about Climategate (A.12.3).

mashey

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