failed states

=<div>oil--> corrupt --> covid/ global warm mitigation fail?</div><div><div>
</div><div>821</div><div><a href="https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/one-billion-children-extremely-high-risk-impacts-climate-crisis-unicef">https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/one-billion-children-extremely-high-risk-impacts-climate-crisis-unicef</a></div><div>
</div><div><h1 class="h1" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 50px; margin: 0px 0px 9px;">One billion children at ‘extremely high risk’ of the impacts of the climate crisis - UNICEF</h1><h3 class="sub-title center" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Children in the Central African Republic, Chad, and Nigeria are among the most at risk of climate change, according to UNICEF’s first child-focused climate risk index.</h3></div><div>=</div></div><div>
</div><div>not exactly failed but //?</div><div>
</div><div><div>an 10 21</div><div>
</div><div>A seminal assessment released by the <a href="https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/reports-publications/reports-publications-2021/item/2253-national-intelligence-estimate-on-climate-change" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Office of the Director of National Intelligence</a> details the destabilizing risks of climate change and how it could heighten national security risks in the coming years.The assessment, released on Thursday, October 21, warned of exacerbated national security risks for the United States and other countries due to increases in intensifying physical impact and the looming possibility of instability. The latest report is one of four that were released on Thursday.While the United States and other considerably wealthy companies will likely have a better chance of handling climate-related costs, the assessment says, "impacts will be massive even if the worst human costs can be avoided."It also warns that developing countries "are most at risk and the least adaptable to the physical effects of climate change." The problems these countries are plagued with which could lead to "instability and possibly internal conflict." Per the assessment, 5 out of 11 developing countries were deemed most at risk of climate change impacts are located in South and East Asia. The 11 most vulnerable developing countries are as follows: Afghanistan, Burma, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, and Iraq."We assess that climate change will increasingly exacerbate risks to US national security interests as the physical impacts increase and geopolitical tensions mount about how to respond to the challenge," the document states. "Intensifying physical effects will exacerbate geopolitical flashpoints, particularly after 2030, and key countries and regions will face increasing risks of instability and need for humanitarian assistance."The assessment also touched on the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement and the diminishing expectation that the participating countries will meet the projected goals. "The current pace of transition to low- or zero-emission clean energy sources is not fast enough to avoid temperatures rising above the Paris goal of 1.5 degrees C," it reads.</div><div></div></div><div>=
<div>10/20 tom dis</div><div>
</div><div><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/10/donald-trump-response/">https://www.alternet.org/2020/10/donald-trump-response/</a></div><div>=
<div>i'm just sayin'</div><div>
</div><div><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/10/never-has-american-politics-sunk-so-low-all-around-the-world-the-us-is-viewed-as-a-country-in-serious-decline/">https://www.alternet.org/2020/10/never-has-american-politics-sunk-so-low-all-around-the-world-the-us-is-viewed-as-a-country-in-serious-decline/</a></div><div>
</div><div>americans weren't the only ones who watched the United States' chaotic presidential debate on Tuesday night, September 29. President Donald Trump's ranting during the debate has been a topic of discussion all over the world, and a question that many of the United States' democratic allies — from France to Australia to Japan — have been asking is: what is happening to the U.S.?</div>The fact that the United States' image is suffering so badly during the Trump era is the theme of articles for the BBC and Financial Times. While the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2020-54354405" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">BBC's report</a> examines the reaction that other democracies have had to the September 29 presidential debate, journalist <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/294e5ca8-d977-4e88-bac9-20ab072c6318" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Edward Luce's piece</a> (which is headlined "America's Bleeding Democratic Image") warns that other countries fear the U.S. is facing a "constitutional crisis."A long list of pundits at MSNBC and CNN have described Trump's debate performance as a total embarrassment, and the BBC reports that observers in Germany, Italy, the U.K. and other countries share that view. In France, the BBC notes, the debate was described as "chaotic, childish, grueling" by Libération and as a "terrible storm" by Le Monde. France's Le Figaro spoke highly of Trump's Democratic opponent, Joe Biden, saying that the former vice president was able to "put (Trump) on the defensive."In the U.K., The Guardian said of the debate, "The rest of the world — and future historians — will presumably look at it and weep" and argued that Biden was the only one who looked "remotely presidential" on the debate stage. If Trump is reelected in November, according to The Guardian, "This dark, horrifying, unwatchable fever dream will surely be the first line of America's obituary."Comments in major Italian publications were equally depressing. Il Corriere della Sera described Trump's refusal to condemn white nationalism during the debate as "a message for Black America"— and not a good one. And La Repubblica said of il dibattito, "Never had American politics sunk so low."To hear Trump's supporters at Fox News tell it, the U.S. president is respected and revered all over the democratic world — which is absolute nonsense. Russian President and the Kremlin are hoping for a Trump victory in November, but in most of Europe, the U.S. is widely viewed as a country that is in serious decline.In Financial Times, Luce (who is British but not lives in Washington, D.C.) explains, "Some of America's declining reputation can be measured. The <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/09/15/us-image-plummets-internationally-as-most-say-country-has-handled-coronavirus-badly/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Pew Research Center</a> recently found that fewer than a third of French and Germans had a favorable view of America. At 41% favorable, Britain's view of the U.S. was a record low. Mr. Trump's impact is even more stark: just 16% of the world trusts America's president to do the right thing — even lower than the 19% who thought that about China's Xi Jinping. Germany's Angela Merkel got a 76% positive rating. The surveys were carried out well before this week's presidential debate."Luce laments that "U.S. politics has degenerated into a macabre shadow of its former self," adding that the United States' "democratic brand is in freefall."One of the main reasons why the United States' reputation has suffered so badly, Luce notes, is its response to the coronavirus pandemic — which has killed more than 1 million people worldwide, according to <a href="https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore</a>, and more than 206,000 people in the U.S. Luce points out that the U.S. has a "<a href="https://voxeu.org/article/us-excess-mortality-rate-covid-19-substantially-worse-europe-s" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">28% higher death rate</a>" than Europe during the pandemic.The presidential debate, according to Luce, served as a grim reminder that the U.S. is at risk for a "constitutional crisis." Trump, Luce pointed out, refused to say that he will accept the election results if he loses to Biden."This week, the world witnessed a new low in America's political culture," Luce explains. "If the country is lucky, it will escape a constitutional crisis in November. Mr. Biden's poll lead has been sufficiently stable to explain why Mr. Trump was even more unpleasant than usual on Tuesday. His intemperate performance may even have cemented his defeat; post-debate polls suggest Mr. Trump's tactics backfired. But his worsening prospects make him even more dangerous."Luce also laments that even if Biden wins, the U.S. is "likely to be consumed by divisions for the foreseeable future."According to Luce, "Biden would be more predictable than Mr. Trump, while lacking the means to restore U.S. primacy. Mr. Biden could stop America's internal bleeding. That is ambitious enough. It would be a leap of faith to bet on more than that."<div>
</div><div>=
<div>wiki</div><div>
</div><div>failed state is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">political body</a> that has disintegrated to a point where basic conditions and responsibilities of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">sovereign</a> government no longer function properly (see also <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragile_state" title="Fragile state" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">fragile state</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_collapse" title="State collapse" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">state collapse</a>). A state can also fail if the government loses its legitimacy even if it is performing its functions properly. For a stable state it is necessary for the government to enjoy both effectiveness and legitimacy. Likewise, when a nation weakens and its standard of living declines, it introduces the possibility of total governmental collapse. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fund_for_Peace" title="Fund for Peace" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Fund for Peace</a> characterizes a failed state as having the following characteristics:<ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" f1="f1" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Loss of control of its territory, or of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly_on_the_legitimate_use_of_physical_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force</a> therein [include outsource to paramil brn shirts/boogaloo militia?]</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Erosion of legitimate authority to make collective decisions</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Inability to provide public services</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Inability to interact with other states as a full member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_community" title="International community" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">international community</a></li></ul>Common characteristics of a failing state include a central government so weak or ineffective that it has an inability to raise taxes or other support, and has little practical control over much of its territory and hence there is a non-provision of public services. When this happens, widespread corruption and criminality, the intervention of state and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-state_actor" title="Non-state actor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">non-state actors</a>, the appearance of refugees and the involuntary movement of populations, sharp economic decline, and foreign military intervention can occur.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a>The level of government control required to avoid being considered a failed state varies considerably amongst authorities.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-stewart-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> Furthermore, the declaration that a state has "failed" is generally controversial and, when made authoritatively, may carry significant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitical" class="mw-redirect" title="Geopolitical" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">geopolitical</a> consequences.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-stewart-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;">
</div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Definition_and_issues" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Definition and issues</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Measurement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Measurement</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Quantitative_approach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.1Quantitative approach</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Qualitative_approach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.2Qualitative approach</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Theoretical_mechanisms_for_state_development" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Theoretical mechanisms for state development</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#State_development_through_war-making" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.1State development through war-making</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#%22Nation-building%22_by_developed_countries" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.2"Nation-building" by developed countries</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Promoting_development_through_foreign_aid" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.3Promoting development through foreign aid</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Neotrusteeship" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.4Neotrusteeship</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Autonomous_recovery" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.5Autonomous recovery</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Capability_traps_of_failed_states" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4Capability traps of failed states</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Promoting_democracy_and_combating_terrorism_in_failed_states" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5Promoting democracy and combating terrorism in failed states</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Promoting_democracy_in_post-conflict_and_failed_states" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.1Promoting democracy in post-conflict and failed states</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Transnational_crime_and_terrorism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.2Transnational crime and terrorism</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#Criticisms_of_the_concept" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">6Criticisms of the concept</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height">Definition and issues[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Failed_state&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and issues" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>According to the political theories of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Max Weber</a>, a state is defined as maintaining a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly_on_the_legitimate_use_of_physical_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force</a> within its borders. When this is broken (e.g., through the dominant presence of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">warlords</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">paramilitary</a> groups, armed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang" title="Gang" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">gangs</a>, or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">terrorism</a>), the very existence of the state becomes dubious, and the state becomes a failed state. The difficulty of determining whether a government maintains "a monopoly on the legitimate use of force", which includes the problems of the definition of "legitimate", means it is not clear precisely when a state can be said to have "failed".The problem of legitimacy can be solved by understanding what Weber intended by it. Weber explains that only the state has the means of production necessary for physical violence. This means that the state does not require legitimacy for achieving monopoly on having the means of violence (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">de facto</a>), but will need one if it needs to use it (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">de jure</a>).Typically, the term means that the state has been rendered ineffective and is not able to enforce its laws uniformly or provide basic goods and services to its citizens because of (variously) high crime rates, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency" title="Insurgency" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">insurgency</a>, extreme <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">political corruption</a>, an impenetrable and ineffective bureaucracy, judicial ineffectiveness, military interference in politics, and cultural situations in which traditional leaders wield more power than the state over a certain area. Other factors of perception may be involved. A derived concept of "failed cities" has also been launched, based on the notion that while a state may function in general, polities at the substate level may collapse in terms of infrastructure, economy and social policy. Certain areas or cities may even fall outside state control, becoming a de facto ungoverned part of the state.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a>There is no real consensus on the definition of a "failed state"; the subjective nature of indicators that are used to measure state failure have led to an ambiguous understanding of the term.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a> Some scholars focus on the capacity and effectiveness of the government to determine if a state is failed or not.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a>Other indices such as the Fund for Peace's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragile_States_Index" title="Fragile States Index" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fragile States Index</a> underline the democratic character of state institutions in order to determine its level of failure.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-Call_C.T.2010-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a> Finally, other scholars focus their argument on the legitimacy of the state,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a> on the nature of the state,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a> on the growth of criminal violence in a state,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a> on the economic extractive institutions,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a> or on the states’ capacity to control its territory.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a> Robert H. Bates refers to state failure as the "implosion of the state", where the state transforms "into an instrument of predation" and the state effectively loses its monopoly on the means of force.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a>...<h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">See also[</h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" f1="f1" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fund_for_Peace" title="Fund for Peace" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fund for Peace</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_state" title="Rogue state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Rogue state</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlocracy" title="Ochlocracy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ochlocracy</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragile_States_Index" title="Fragile States Index" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fragile States Index</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilization_of_fragile_states" title="Stabilization of fragile states" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stabilization of fragile states</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_States_Research_Centre" title="Crisis States Research Centre" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Crisis States Research Centre</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_non-state_actor" title="Violent non-state actor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Violent non-state actor</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariah_state" title="Pariah state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Pariah state</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_republic" title="Banana republic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Banana republic</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchy#Examples_of_state-collapse_anarchy" title="Anarchy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Examples of state-collapse anarchy</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia_state" title="Mafia state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mafia state</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Societal collapse</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li></ul></div><div>=
<div>list of countries by order of appearance in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragile_States_Index" title="Fragile States Index" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fragile States Index</a> (formerly the Failed States Index) of the United States <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">think tank</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fund_for_Peace" title="Fund for Peace" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fund for Peace</a>.A fragile <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">state</a> has several attributes. Common indicators include a state whose <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_government" title="Central government" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">central government</a> is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Public services" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">public services</a>; widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations; and sharp economic decline.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a> Since 2005, the index has been published annually by the Fund for Peace and the magazine <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Foreign Policy</a>. The list has been cited by journalists and academics in making broad comparative points about countries or regions.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a>This is the list for 2019,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#cite_note-FSI_2019-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a> with comparisons of each country's current score to previous years' indices.The report uses 12 factors to determine the rating for each nation, including security threats, economic implosion, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">human rights</a> violations and refugee flows.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;">
</div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Indicators_of_a_fragile_state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Indicators of a fragile state</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Social" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1.1Social</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Economic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1.2Economic</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Political" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1.3Political</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Fragile_States_Index_2013-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Fragile States Index 2013-19</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Very_High_Alert" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.1Very High Alert</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#High_Alert" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.2High Alert</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Alert" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.3Alert</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#High_Warning" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.4High Warning</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Elevated_Warning" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.5Elevated Warning</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Warning" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.6Warning</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Stable" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.7Stable</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#More_Stable" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.8More Stable</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Very_Stable" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.9Very Stable</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Sustainable" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.10Sustainable</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Very_Sustainable" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.11Very Sustainable</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#Most_improved_and_worsened_countries" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Most improved and worsened countries</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Indicators of a fragile state[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Indicators of a fragile state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>The following factors are used by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fund_For_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Fund For Peace" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fund For Peace</a> to ascertain the status of a country.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Social[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Social" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" f1="f1" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mounting demographic pressures and tribal, ethnic and/or religious conflicts.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Massive internal and external displacement of refugees, creating severe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_crisis" title="Humanitarian crisis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">humanitarian emergencies</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Widespread vengeance-seeking group grievances.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Chronic and sustained <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">human flight</a>.</li></ul><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Economic[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" f1="f1" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Widespread <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">corruption</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">High <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">economic inequality</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Uneven economic development along group lines.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Severe economic decline.</li></ul><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Political[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_Fragile_States_Index&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" f1="f1" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Delegitimization of the state.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Deterioration of public services.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Suspension or arbitrary application of law; widespread <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights#Human_rights_violations" title="Human rights" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">human rights abuses</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_forces" title="Security forces" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Security forces</a> operating as a "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_within_a_state" class="mw-redirect" title="State within a state" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">state within a state</a>" often with impunity.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Rise of factionalized elites.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Intervention of external political agents and foreign states.</li></ul><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Fragile States Index 2013-19</h2><div>...</div><div><div>
</div><div>Rank Country 2019 score[4] Change from 2018[6] Change from 2017[7] Change from 2016[8] Change from 2015[9] Change from 2014</div><div>[10]</div><div>
</div><div>Change from 2013[11]</div><div>1 Yemen 113.5 Negative increase 0.8 Negative increase 1.6 Negative increase 1.2 Negative increase 4.6 Negative increase 7.3 Negative increase 5.7</div><div>2 Somalia 112.3 Positive decrease 0.9 Positive decrease 0.2 Positive decrease 0.8 Positive decrease 0.8 Negative increase 0.6 Positive decrease 0.7</div><div>3 South Sudan 112.2 Positive decrease 1.2 Positive decrease 0.5 Positive decrease 0.4 Positive decrease 1.1 Negative increase 0.5 Negative increase 2.8</div><div>4 Syria 111.5 Negative increase 0.1 Negative increase 0.8 Negative increase 0.6 Negative increase 3.5 Negative increase 9.8 Negative increase 14.0</div><div>5 Democratic Republic of the Congo 110.2 Positive decrease 0.5 Negative increase 0.7 Negative increase 0.7 Negative increase 1.0 Negative increase 0.5 Positive decrease 1.2</div><div>High Alert</div><div>Rank Country 2019 score Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013</div><div>6 Central African Republic 108.9 Positive decrease 2.2 Positive decrease 1.5 Positive decrease 1.0 Positive decrease 0.8 Negative increase 0.5 Negative increase 5.8</div><div>7 Chad 108.5 Negative increase 0.2 Positive decrease 1.1 Positive decrease 1.8 Positive decrease 0.1 Positive decrease 0.4 Positive decrease 0.7</div><div>8 Sudan 108.0 Positive decrease 0.7 Positive decrease 1.9 Positive decrease 2.8 Positive decrease 2.1 Positive decrease 1.4 Positive decrease 2.3</div><div>9 Afghanistan 105.0 Positive decrease 1.6 Positive decrease 0.7 Positive decrease 1.3 Positive decrease 1.3 Negative increase 0.1 Positive decrease 0.1</div><div>Alert</div><div>Rank Country 2019 score Change from 2018 Change from 2017 Change from 2016 Change from 2015 Change from 2014 Change from 2013</div><div>10 Zimbabwe 99.5 Positive decrease 2.8 Negative increase 0.7 Negative increase 1.8 Negative increase 2.3 Positive decrease 0.5 Positive decrease 2.9</div><div>11 Guinea 99.4 Positive decrease 2.2 Positive decrease 0.8 Positive decrease 2.2 Positive decrease 3.3 Positive decrease 1.1 Negative increase 0.3</div><div>12 Haiti 99.3 Positive decrease 2.7 Positive decrease 3.3 Positive decrease 3.1 Positive decrease 2.5 Positive decrease 2.3 Positive decrease 3.8</div><div>13 Iraq 99.1 Positive decrease 3.1 Positive decrease 3.2 Positive decrease 2.5 Positive decrease 2.3 Steady 0.0 Positive decrease 1.7</div><div>14 Nigeria 98.5 Positive decrease 1.4 Positive decrease 1.7 Positive decrease 3.6 Positive decrease 2.5 Negative increase 0.2 Positive decrease 0.8</div><div>15 Burundi 98.2 Negative increase 0.8 Positive decrease 1.5 Positive decrease 3.3 Positive decrease 0.7 Negative increase 0.3 Positive decrease 0.2</div><div>16 Cameroon 97.0 Negative increase 1.7 Positive decrease 0.3 Positive decrease 2.5 Negative increase 1.0 Negative increase 2.2 Negative increase 1.8</div><div>17 Eritrea 96.4 Positive decrease 0.8 Positive decrease 0.9 Positive decrease 1.4 Negative increase 0.3 Negative increase 1.7 Negative increase 2.2</div><div>18 Niger 96.2 Steady 0.0 Positive decrease 1.2 Positive decrease 2.2 Positive decrease 1.6 Positive decrease 1.7 Positive decrease 2.8</div><div>19 Guinea-Bissau 95.5 Positive decrease 2.6 Positive decrease 1.4 Positive decrease 1.7 Positive decrease 1.8 Positive decrease 2.5 Positive decrease 3.0</div><div>20 Uganda 95.3 Negative increase 0.2 Positive decrease 0.9 Positive decrease 2.6 Positive decrease 1.9 Positive decrease 0.9 Positive decrease 1.5</div><div>21 Mali 94.1 Negative increase 1.0 Negative increase 0.7 Positive decrease 1.6 Negative increase 0.5 Negative increase 3.8 Negative increase 4.3</div><div>22 Myanmar 94.3 Positive decrease 1.8 Negative increase 0.4 Positive decrease 0.2 Negative increase 1.4 Negative increase 1.8 Negative increase 1.5</div><div>23 Ethiopia 94.2 Positive decrease 5.4 Positive decrease 1.5 Negative increase 2.4 Negative increase 2.1 Negative increase 1.7 Negative increase 0.7</div><div>23 Pakistan 94.2 Positive decrease 2.1 Positive decrease 2.6 Positive decrease 5.4 Positive decrease 6.6 Positive decrease 6.7 Positive decrease 6.6</div><div>25 Kenya 93.5 Positive decrease 3.8 Negative increase 1.0 Positive decrease 0.9 Steady 0.0 Positive decrease 1.6 Positive decrease 2.2</div><div>26 North Korea 92.7 Positive decrease 0.5 Positive decrease 0.1 Positive decrease 0.7 Positive decrease 0.6 Positive decrease 0.8 Positive decrease 1.9</div><div>27 Republic of the Congo 92.5 Positive decrease 0.6 Positive decrease 0.3 Negative increase 0.9 Negative increase 2.3 Negative increase 3.5 Negative increase 3.1</div><div>28 Libya 92.2 Positive decrease 2.4 Positive decrease 1.7 Positive decrease 1.8 Positive decrease 0.7 Negative increase 6.8 Negative increase 10.1</div><div>29 Cote d'Ivoire 92.1 Positive decrease 2.5 Positive decrease 1.9 Positive decrease 3.3 Positive decrease 5.4 Positive decrease 7.1 Positive decrease 8.9</div><div>30 Liberia 90.2 Positive decrease 2.7 Positive decrease 1.2 Positive decrease 2.9 Positive decrease 4.7 Positive decrease 1.7 Positive decrease 2.5</div><div>31 Mauritania 90.1 Positive decrease 2.1 Positive decrease 1.5 Positive decrease 3.2 Positive decrease 2.7 Positive decrease 0.8 Negative increase 0.5</div><div>High Warning</div><div>...</div></div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAQQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFSgAMAl6BAgEEAA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAJegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAJegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAJegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAJegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAJegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAJegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAJegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Failed state - Wikipedia</a></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Failed_state</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=list+rank+failled+state&oq=list+rank+failled+state&aqs=chrome..69i57.5655j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b9" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQ7B0wCXoECAQQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQqR8wCXoECAQQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:NtGgsSxHG1UJ:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:NtGgsSxHG1UJ:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQIDAJegQIBBAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAJegQIBBAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAJegQIBBAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAJegQIBBAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAJegQIBBAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_state+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAJegQIBBAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">A failed state is a political body that has disintegrated to a point where basic conditions and .... Edited by the magazine Foreign Policy, the ranking examines 178 countries based on analytical research of the Conflict Assessment System Tool (CAST) of ... Finland is currently the most stable and sustainable country in the list.</a></div><div data-base-uri="/search" id="ed_8" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQ2Z0BMAl6BAgEEAc" style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFSgAMAp6BAgBEAA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"></a><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/fragile-states-index&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAKegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Fragile States Index 2019 - World Population Review</a></h3>
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The higher a state is ranked on the list, the more vulnerable it is.</a></div><div data-base-uri="/search" id="ed_10" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQ2Z0BMAp6BAgBEAc" style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAYQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFSgAMAt6BAgGEAA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"></a><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"></a><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjALegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Fragile States Index 2019 | The Fund for Peace</a></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://fundforpeace.org › 2019/04/10 › fragile-states-index-2019</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=list+rank+failled+state&oq=list+rank+failled+state&aqs=chrome..69i57.5655j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b11" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQ7B0wC3oECAYQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:26RnK1I_VAsJ:https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/+&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:26RnK1I_VAsJ:https://fundforpeace.org/2019/04/10/fragile-states-index-2019/%2B%26cd%3D12%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQIDALegQIBhAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Apr 10, 2019 - By highlighting pertinent issues in weak and failing states, The ... time, the #FragileStatesIndex Team has put together an “early warning” list of ...</a></div><div data-base-uri="/search" id="ed_11" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQ2Z0BMAt6BAgGEAc"><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAIQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFSgAMAx6BAgCEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; 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text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAMegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAMegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAMegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAMegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQFjAMegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Failed States - Global Policy Forum</a></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.globalpolicy.org › nations-a-states › failed-states</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=list+rank+failled+state&oq=list+rank+failled+state&aqs=chrome..69i57.5655j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b12" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQ7B0wDHoECAIQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAMegQIAhAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAMegQIAhAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAMegQIAhAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAMegQIAhAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Failed states can no longer perform basic functions such as education, ..... top of the list, while Norway, Sweden, and Finland ranked as the least failed states.</a></div></div></div></div></div><div style=""><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html+list+rank+failed+state&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivzu76zu_mAhUIKawKHfsvBUUQHzAMegQIAhAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">===</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>