Spreckles

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</div><div><div id="mw-content-text" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;" lang="en">=fought RRThe Pacific Slope: A History of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Nevada

Earl S. Pomeroy
University of Nevada Press, Apr 1, 2003 - History - 433 pages

<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOMLCrkaoTEC&pg=PA192&lpg=PA192&dq=california+senator+railroad+bribe+corrupt+southern+pacific+stanford&source=bl&ots=ZaDW9HQffb&sig=oQSJSuflzaJfTBF4kDdRrnYIFJQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiX0duKxNPOAhUC6SYKHSGPAsUQ6AEIQzAI#v=onepage&q=california%20senator%20railroad%20bribe%20corrupt%20southern%20pacific%20stanford&f=false">
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Claus Spreckels, formally Adolph Claus J. Spreckels (July 9, 1828 – December 26, 1908), (his last name has also been misspelled as Spreckles<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a>), was a major <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialist" title="Industrialist" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">industrialist</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hawai'i</a> during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" title="Kingdom of Hawaii" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">kingdom</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">republican</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">territorial</a> periods of the islands' history. He also involved himself in several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">California</a> enterprises, most notably the company that bears his name,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels_Sugar_Company" title="Spreckels Sugar Company" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels Sugar Company</a>.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 12px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 12px; display: inline;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#Life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1 Life</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#Honors" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2 Honors</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#See_also" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3 See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4 Notes</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">Life<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claus_Spreckels&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2>Spreckels was born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rde_Lamstedt" title="Börde Lamstedt" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Lamstedt</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hanover</a>, now a city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Germany</a>. In 1846, he left his homeland to start a new life in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States</a>. In 1852 he married his childhood sweetheart, Anna Christina Mangels (1829-1910), who had immigrated to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">New York City</a> with her brother three years earlier. They had thirteen children, five of whom lived to maturity: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels" title="John D. Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">John Diedrich</a> (1853-1926),<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_B.Spreckels" title="Adolph B. Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Adolph Bernard</a> (1857-1924), Claus August (1858-1946), Rudolph (1872-1958) and daughter, Emma C. (Spreckels) m. Watson Ferris Hutton.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a>The family first settled in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">South Carolina</a>, where Spreckels opened a grocery store business. Within a short time they moved to<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">New York City</a>, then in 1856 relocated to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco,California" title="San Francisco, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Francisco</a>, where Spreckels began a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">brewery</a>. Spreckels entered the sugar business in the mid-1860s and came to dominate the Hawaiian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_trade" title="Sugar trade" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">sugar trade</a> on the West Coast. His first refinery, built in 1867, was at Eighth and Brannan Streets in San Francisco, but by the late 1870s the Brannan Street facilities were running at capacity, so Spreckels chose a site in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potrero_Point" title="Potrero Point" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Potrero Point</a> to open a larger sugar refinery with water access.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">citation needed</a>] He called his concerns the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=California_Sugar_Refinery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Sugar Refinery (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">California Sugar Refinery</a>.Spreckels used some of his wealth in 1874 to purchase a large tract of ranch and timber land in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptos,California" title="Aptos, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Aptos, California</a>. He built a large resort hotel and, not far away, an extensive ranch complex. Spreckels was one of the original investors in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_Railroad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Cruz Railroad (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none;">Santa Cruz Railroad</a>, which began operation in 1875 and passed through his land on its run between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,California" title="Santa Cruz, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Santa Cruz</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watsonville,California" title="Watsonville, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Watsonville</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a> The narrow-gauge line was later acquired and standard-gauged by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Southern Pacific Railroad</a>, now part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Union Pacific Railroad</a>. It was on the Aptos ranch that Spreckels began to experiment with growing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">sugar beets</a>. In 1888, Spreckels established the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Beet_Sugar_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Beet Sugar Company (page does not exist)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none;">Western Beet Sugar Company</a> in Watsonville, which was at that time the largest beet sugar factory in the U.S.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a> By 1890, Spreckels main growing operations had shifted to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salinas_Valley,California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salinas Valley, California (page does not exist)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none;">Salinas Valley</a>, so he built the 42-mile <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway" title="Narrow gauge railway" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">narrow gauge</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mchsmuseum.com/railroadpvc.html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%;">Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad</a> to ship his sugar beets from the fields near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinas,CA" title="Salinas, CA" class="mw-redirect" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Salinas</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watsonville" title="Watsonville" class="mw-redirect" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Watsonville</a>.In 1899, Spreckels opened an even larger factory closer to the main sugar beet fields. He named the new factory Spreckels Sugar Company. A company town grew up around the plant, and still exists as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels,California" title="Spreckels, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Spreckels, California</a>. The town and the sugar factory were important in the early life of novelist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">John Steinbeck</a>, and several scenes from his novels take place there.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a>In the 1890s, Spreckels helped found the national sugar trust and renamed his San Francisco property the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Sugar_Refinery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Sugar Refinery (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Western Sugar Refinery</a> and continued to increase his control over the Hawaiian sugar trade. This control over the industry was irksome to Hawaiian planters not directly affiliated with Spreckels and his associates. At the end of the 1890s, they attempted to break free. In 1905, the planters established a cooperative refinery in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crockett,California" title="Crockett, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Crockett, California</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_and_Hawaiian_Sugar_Company" title="California and Hawaiian Sugar Company" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">California and Hawaiian Sugar Company</a> (C&H). The Spreckels dominance in sugar was broken, but the Western Sugar Refinery continued operation in San Francisco until 1951.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">citation needed</a>]While in Hawaii, he purchased the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Commercial_Advertiser" title="Pacific Commercial Advertiser" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pacific Commercial Advertiser</a> in 1880 and became a publisher. This paper later became known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honolulu_Advertiser" title="Honolulu Advertiser" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Honolulu Advertiser</a> and, prior to its demise in 2010, was one of the largest newspapers in circulation in the United States. Spreckels' conservative, pro-monarchy slant caused him to fall from favor in the business community, and he eventually sold the newspaper. Claus Spreckels also lent his assistance to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Matson" title="William Matson" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">William Matson</a> when he first founded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matson_Navigation_Company" title="Matson Navigation Company" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Matson Navigation Company</a>. Spreckels financed many of Matson's new ships including Matson’s first ship called Emma Claudina named for Spreckels’ daughter. Matson had been captain of a vessel, engaged chiefly in carrying coal to the Spreckels Sugar Refinery and later worked aboard the Spreckels family yacht.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[6]</a>Spreckels was the President of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Francisco_and_San_Joaquin_Valley_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Francisco and San Joaquin Valley Railway (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Francisco and San Joaquin Valley Railway</a> from 1895 until it was sold to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Railway" title="Santa Fe Railway" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Santa Fe Railway</a> in 1901. The railroad built a line that competed with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Southern Pacific</a> through the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Joaquin Valley</a> between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,California" title="Richmond, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Richmond</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakersfield" title="Bakersfield" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Bakersfield</a>. The railroad was welcome competition for shippers who were strangled by Southern Pacific's monopoly on shipping rates in the valley.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">citation needed</a>] Today this route is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNSF" title="BNSF" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">BNSF's</a> main route to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Northern California</a>.On July 9, 1893 Spreckels found a death threat graffitied on his house. He went into self-exile from Hawaii July 19 on the Australia vowing to “return to see grass growing in the streets of Honolulu.” Despite his vow he returned to Hawaii for one last time in 1905.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">citation needed</a>]On Claus Spreckels's death on December 26, 1908, second son Adolph assumed the management of Spreckels Sugar Company.<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">Honors<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claus_Spreckels&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Honors" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels,California" title="Spreckels, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels, California</a>, named for Claus Spreckels</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Spreckelsville, Maui, Hawaii, named for Claus Spreckels.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The great Spreckels-Organ, the Spreckels-Organ-Pavilion and the Spreckels Theatre Building in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego</a> named for John Diedrich (John. D.) Spreckels, son of Claus Spreckels.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Tower(San_Francisco)" title="Central Tower (San Francisco)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Central Tower</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Francisco</a> called also Spreckels Building, named for Claus Spreckels and John D. Spreckels.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels_Lake" title="Spreckels Lake" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels Lake</a> on the northern side of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Park" title="Golden Gate Park" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Golden Gate Park</a>, San Francisco named for Claus Spreckels and his family.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The Claus-Spreckels-Straße (street) in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamstedt" title="Lamstedt" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Lamstedt</a> (Germany) named for Claus Spreckels.</li></ul><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">See also<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claus_Spreckels&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 11px; clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0px 4px 1em; width: 238px; line-height: 1.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" height="40" width="30" /></td><td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 169.75px;">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Claus_Spreckels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Claus Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">Claus Spreckels</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels" title="John D. Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">John D. Spreckels</a>, son</li></ul><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">Notes<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claus_Spreckels&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }W.W. Elliott & Co. (1879). Santa Cruz County, California Illustrations descriptive of its scenery..., etc. San Francisco: W.W. Elliott & Co.</li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Claus Spreckels: Robber Baron and Sugar King (1828-1908). Uwe Spiekermann, German Historical Institute</a></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/407/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">The Spreckels Era in Rio Del Mar, 1872--1922. Allen Collins, Santa Cruz Public Library Local History Article</a></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Clark, Donald Thomas. 1986. Santa Cruz County place names: a geographical dictionary. Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz Historical Trust.</li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Clark, Donald Thomas. 1991. Monterey County place names: a geographical dictionary. Carmel Valley, Calif: Kestrel Press.</li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Captain William Matson: From Handy Boy to Ship Owner (by John E. Cushing. Newcomen Society in North America. New York : 1951)</li></ol></div><table class="navbox" style="background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); font-size: 11px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: 996px; margin: auto; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 1px; border-spacing: 0px;" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 2px;"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="font-size: 11px; width: 992px; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority_control" title="Authority control" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Authority control</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; 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</div><div>wiki:</div><div>Spreckels is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">census-designated place</a> (CDP) located in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Salinas Valley</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monterey_County,California" title="Monterey County, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Monterey County, California</a>, United States.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels,California#cite_note-gnis-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a>Spreckels is located 3 miles (4.8 km) south of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinas,California" title="Salinas, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Salinas</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels,California#cite_note-CGN-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a> at an elevation of 62 feet (19 m).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels,California#cite_note-gnis-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a> The population was 673 at the 2010 census, up from 485 at the 2000 census.Spreckels is one of the best-preserved <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_towns" title="Company towns" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">company towns</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States</a>. It was built to house workers for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels_Sugar_Company" title="Spreckels Sugar Company" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels Sugar Company</a> plant which operated there from 1899 until 1982, named after its founder "Sugar King" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckles" title="Claus Spreckles" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Claus Spreckels</a>. When it opened, the Spreckels plant was the world's largest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">sugar beet</a> factory, each day consuming 13 million gallons of water (much of it pumped from wells) to process 3000 tons of beets.One of the many remarkable aspects of this town are its abrupt boundaries, surrounded on all sides by rich agricultural fields that begin immediately where town's streets and lots end. This produces an experience akin to being on a small island in a sea of green vegetation. Another remarkable aspect of Spreckels is the fact that the center of the town is punctuated by a rich and varied arbor of a popular Memorial Park. Visit <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.spreckelspark.org/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">http://www.SpreckelsPark.org</a>Spreckels is associated with the writer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">John Steinbeck</a>, who lived and worked there for a time, and used it as a setting in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortilla_Flat" title="Tortilla Flat" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Tortilla Flat</a>. (Spreckels was used as a location for the 1955 Steinbeck movie <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_of_Eden(film)" title="East of Eden (film)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">East of Eden</a>.)In 2004 controversy erupted in Spreckels when the Tanimura family, which owns the fields around the town, declared that a 1907 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plat" title="Plat" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">plat</a> in its possession gave it the right to build 73 housing units on its land—-an act which would increase the town's size by 40%. A legal battle over the status and definition of "antiquated maps" ensued.In an out-of-court settlement, the Tanimura company agreed to a requirement that the houses maintain the style and spirit of the town. Although the lots have white picket fences and landscaping, developers failed to avoid a "cookie-cutter" design. The new homes are large and set close together and generally uniform in appearance....---The Spreckels Sugar Company is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">sugar beet</a> refiner that for many years controlled much of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">U.S. West Coast</a> refined sugar market. It is currently headquartered in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brawley,California" title="Brawley, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Brawley, California</a>.<h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; line-height: 19.1875px;">History<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spreckels_Sugar_Company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2>The Spreckels Sugar Company was founded by entrepreneur, industrialist, newspaper publisher, and railroad executive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels" title="Claus Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Claus Spreckels</a> (1828-1908) in February 1899. He founded the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_town" title="Company town" style="color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">company town</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels,California" title="Spreckels, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels, California</a>, just south of the city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinas,California" title="Salinas, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Salinas, California</a>, in 1897, but his descendants began to relinquish control when they started selling homes in the community to the public c. 1925. In 1891, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_O.Havemeyer" title="Henry O. Havemeyer" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Henry O. Havemeyer</a>, who controlled The American Sugar Refining Company (The Sugar Trust), bought half of the stock of the Western Sugar Company, thus giving his company control of the Hawaiian sugar and of the markets west of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mississippi River</a>. When it was completed in 1899, Spreckels' "Factory 1" was the largest sugar refinery in the United States and the third-largest in the world. Shipping to and from the plant was mostly by a private Spreckels-owned narrow-gauge railroad system connecting to the docks at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss_Landing,California" title="Moss Landing, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Moss Landing, California</a>. The factory was just north of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinas_River(California)" title="Salinas River (California)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Salinas River</a> at <a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Spreckels_Sugar_Company&params=36_37_7_N_121_39_5_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-top: 0px !important; padding-right: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">36°37′7″N 121°39′5</a><span id="coordinates" style="position: absolute; top: 33px; right: 0em; float: right; margin: 0em; padding: 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; font-size: 11px; white-space: nowrap; left: 957px; width: 38px; height: 18px;"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Spreckels_Sugar_Company&params=36_37_7_N_121_39_5_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"></a>.On Claus Spreckels' death, his second son <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_B.Spreckels" title="Adolph B. Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Adolph B. Spreckels</a> (1857-1924) assumed the management of Spreckels Sugar Company. Adolph's wife's nephew, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Edouard_de_Bretteville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Edouard de Bretteville (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Charles Edouard de Bretteville</a>, eventually took over as head of the company and in 1949 led a group that purchased control. In 1963, the family sold their interests to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domino_Foods" title="Domino Foods" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Amstar</a>. In 1987, a management team bought out the Spreckels Sugar Division; in 1996, it was sold to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Sugar" title="Imperial Sugar" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Imperial Holly Corp.</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_Land,Texas" title="Sugar Land, Texas" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Sugar Land, Texas</a> who owned it until 2005 when it was sold to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Minnesota_Beet_Sugar_Cooperative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renville,Minnesota" title="Renville, Minnesota" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Renville, Minnesota</a>.Spreckels Boulevard outside Salinas, as well as Spreckels Road outside <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_City,California" title="King City, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">King City, California</a> and Spreckels Boulevard in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manteca,California" title="Manteca, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Manteca, California</a>, still bear witness to the mark Spreckels Sugar made in the area.American author <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">John Steinbeck</a> worked on ranches owned by Spreckels Sugar throughout the Salinas Valley in the early 1920s.<h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; line-height: 19.1875px;">References<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spreckels_Sugar_Company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="line-height: 19.1875px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/places/spreck.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Santa Cruz Public Libraries "The Spreckels Era in Rio Del Mar, 1872--1922" by Allen Collins</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Historical marker at the Spreckels city limits.</li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px; line-height: 19.1875px;">External links<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spreckels_Sugar_Company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="line-height: 19.1875px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spreckelssugar.com/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Official Company Website</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3m3nd07h/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Guide to the Western Sugar Refinery Records, 1871-1949</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bancroft_Library" title="The Bancroft Library" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The Bancroft Library</a> - earlier version of company</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">----</li></ul><div>=</div></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" lang="en">John Diedrich Spreckels (August 16, 1853 – June 7, 1926), the son of German-American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialist" title="Industrialist" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">industrialist</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels" title="Claus Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Claus Spreckels</a>, founded a transportation and real estate empire in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,California" title="San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego, California</a> in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneur" title="Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">entrepreneur</a>'s many business ventures included the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_del_Coronado" title="Hotel del Coronado" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hotel del Coronado</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_and_Arizona_Railway" title="San Diego and Arizona Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego and Arizona Railway</a>, both of which are credited with helping San Diego develop into a major commercial center.Upon his death he was eulogized as "One of America's few great Empire Builders who invested millions to turn a struggling, bankrupt village into the beautiful and cosmopolitan city San Diego is today."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-sandiego-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 7px; font-size: 12px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 12px; display: inline;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#Early_years" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1 Early years</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#Entrepreneur_beginnings" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1.1 Entrepreneur beginnings</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#Relocation_to_San_Diego" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2 Relocation to San Diego</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#Transportation_and_infrastructure" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3 Transportation and infrastructure</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#San_Diego_Electric_Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3.1 San Diego Electric Railway</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#San_Diego_Class_1_Streetcars" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3.2 San Diego Class 1 Streetcars</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#San_Diego_and_Arizona_Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3.3 San Diego and Arizona Railway</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#Southern_California_Mountain_Water_Company" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3.4 Southern California Mountain Water Company</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#Legacy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4 Legacy</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">5 Notes</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7 External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">Early years<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2>The oldest of five children, Spreckels was born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston,South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, though the family soon moved to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">New York City</a>and then went on to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco,California" title="San Francisco, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Francisco, California</a>, where he was raised. Spreckels attended <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_California" title="College of California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Oakland College</a> and then the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Hanover#History" title="University of Hanover" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Polytechnic College</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hanover</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Germany</a> until 1872 where he studied <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">chemistry</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">mechanical engineering</a>. He returned to California and began working for his father, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_Spreckels" title="Claus Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Claus Spreckels</a>, who had grown extremely wealthy in the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">sugar</a> business. In 1876 he went to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hawaiian Islands</a>, where he worked for his father's sugar business, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels_Sugar_Company" title="Spreckels Sugar Company" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels Sugar Company</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-sandiego-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a><h3 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px;">Entrepreneur beginnings<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Entrepreneur beginnings" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h3>In 1880, with $2 million in capital, he organized J. D. Spreckels and Brothers, a company to establish a trade between the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_United_States" title="Mainland United States" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">mainland United States</a> and the Hawaiian Islands. The company began with one sailing vessel, the Rosario, and later controlled two large fleets of sail and steam ships. The firm also engaged extensively in sugar refining, and became agents for leading <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_Hawaii" title="Sugar plantations in Hawaii" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">sugar plantations in Hawaii</a>. Much of the development of commercial interests between the United States and Hawaii is due to this firm.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a>In October 1877, he married Lillie Siebein in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoboken,New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hoboken, New Jersey</a>, and together they had four children: Grace (born September 1878), Lillie (born November 1879), John (born April 1883), and Claus (born March 1888). They first lived in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" title="Kingdom of Hawaii" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Kingdom of Hawaii</a> and then in San Francisco. In 1887, Spreckels visited San Diego on his yacht Lurlineto stock up on supplies. Impressed by the real estate boom then taking place, he invested in construction of a wharf and coal bunkers at the foot of Broadway (then called "D" Street). That boom ended soon but Spreckels' interest in San Diego would last for the rest of his life.He acquired control of the Coronado Beach Company, the Hotel del Coronado and Coronado Tent City; he bought the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Electric_Railway" title="San Diego Electric Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego street railway system</a>, changing it from horse power to electricity, in 1892. The Hotel del Coronado was owned by the Coronado Beach Company which was originally capitalized with US$3 million. At the time of capitalization the original company directors were <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.S.Babcock" title="E.S. Babcock" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">E.S. Babcock</a>, John D. Spreckels, Captain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_T.Hinde" title="Charles T. Hinde" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Charles T. Hinde</a>, H.W. Mallett, and Giles Kellogg. The Coronado Beach Company was responsible for numerous other investments in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronado,California" title="Coronado, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Coronado, California</a> area. Before deciding to invest in the Coronado Beach Company Spreckels waited for his close friend Captain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_T.Hinde" title="Charles T. Hinde" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Charles T. Hinde</a> to join him. They jointly invested and managed new businesses.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a>For a time, Spreckels was owner of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Call" title="San Francisco Call" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Francisco Call</a>, then a morning newspaper. While still living in San Francisco he continued his investment in San Diego, buying the The San Diego Union newspaper in 1890 and the San Diego Evening Tribune in 1901. He moved his family permanently to San Diego immediately after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1906 earthquake</a> and moved into his new mansion on Glorietta Blvd. in Coronado in 1908. That structure survives today as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glorietta_Bay_Inn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glorietta Bay Inn (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Glorietta Bay Inn</a>.<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">Relocation to San Diego<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relocation to San Diego" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2>In the next decades, Spreckels became a millionaire many times over, and the wealthiest man in San Diego. At various times he owned all of Coronado Island, the San Diego-Coronado Ferry System, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="San Diego Union-Tribune" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Union-Tribune Publishing Co.</a>, the San Diego Electric Railway, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego%26_Arizona_Railway" title="San Diego & Arizona Railway" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego & Arizona Railway</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Beach_Roller_Coaster" title="Mission Beach Roller Coaster" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Belmont Park</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Beach,San_Diego,California" title="Mission Beach, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mission Beach</a>. He built several downtown buildings, including the Union Building in 1908, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels_Theater_Building,San_Diego,California" title="Spreckels Theater Building, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels Theater Building</a> in 1912,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a> the Hotel San Diego, and the Golden West Hotel. He employed thousands of people and at one time he paid 10% of all the property taxes in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_County" title="San Diego County" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego County</a>.He resided in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels_Mansion" title="Spreckels Mansion" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels Mansion</a> located at 1043 Ocean Boulevard in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronado,California" title="Coronado, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Coronado, California</a>, designed by architect <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_Albright" title="Harrison Albright" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Harrison Albright</a> (1866-1932) in 1907.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-nbc-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[5]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-dianebell-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[6]</a>Spreckels was president of several companies, including the Oceanic Steamship Company, operating a mail and passenger line to Hawaii and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia" title="Australia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Australia</a>, the Western Sugar Refining Company, the Coronado Water Company, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego_and_Coronado_Ferry_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Diego and Coronado Ferry Company (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego and Coronado Ferry Company</a>, the San Diego and Coronado Transfer Company, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pajaro_Valley_Consolidated_Railroad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pajaro Valley Consolidated Railroad</a> Company, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Electric_Railway" title="San Diego Electric Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego Electric Railway</a>, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_and_Arizona_Railway" title="San Diego and Arizona Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego and Arizona Railway</a> Company.<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">Transportation and infrastructure<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transportation and infrastructure" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><h3 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px;">San Diego Electric Railway<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: San Diego Electric Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h3><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent;"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px !important; width: 302px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Double-decker_San_Diego_Electric_Railway,5th%26_Market,Sept_21,1892.jpg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Double-decker_San_Diego_Electric_Railway%2C_5th%26_Market%2C_Sept_21%2C_1892.jpg/300px-Double-decker_San_Diego_Electric_Railway%2C_5th%26_Market%2C_Sept_21%2C_1892.jpg" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Double-decker_San_Diego_Electric_Railway%2C_5th%26_Market%2C_Sept_21%2C_1892.jpg/450px-Double-decker_San_Diego_Electric_Railway%2C_5th%26_Market%2C_Sept_21%2C_1892.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Double-decker_San_Diego_Electric_Railway%2C_5th%26_Market%2C_Sept_21%2C_1892.jpg/600px-Double-decker_San_Diego_Electric_Railway%2C_5th%26_Market%2C_Sept_21%2C_1892.jpg 2x" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" height="190" width="300" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 11px; padding: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="margin-left: 3px; border: none !important; background-image: none !important; float: right; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Double-decker_San_Diego_Electric_Railway,5th%26_Market,Sept_21,1892.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none !important; display: block; border: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" style="border: none !important; vertical-align: middle; display: block; background-image: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;" height="11" width="15" /></a></div>SDERy double-decker Car No. 1 pauses at the intersection of 5th Street & Market Street in San Diego during its inaugural run on September 21, 1892.</div></div></div><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Electric_Railway" title="San Diego Electric Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego Electric Railway</a></div>The San Diego Electric Railway (SDERy) was a San Diego-based, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">light rail</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_transit" title="Mass transit" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">mass transit</a> system founded by Spreckels in 1892. Spreckels' strategy involved buying up several failed downtown horse- and cable-drawn trolley routes, consolidating and standardizing the trackage, and elecrifying resulting unified street railway system.Over the years, the SDERy constructed new lines to connect San Diego's burgeoning downtown with the region's up-and-coming outlying communities, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Beach,California" title="Mission Beach, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mission Beach</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Beach,San_Diego,California" title="Pacific Beach, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pacific Beach</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_Heights" title="Normal Heights" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Normal Heights</a> (developments where Spreckels owned the bulk of the land). Spreckels' underlying philosophy in this regard can best be summed up as follows:<blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top: 0px;">"Before you can hope to get people to live anywhere... you must first of all show them that they can get there quickly, comfortably, and above all, cheaply. Transportation determines the flow of population."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[7]</a></blockquote>At its peak, the SDERy's routes would operate throughout the greater San Diego area over some 165 miles (266 kilometers) of track. And though the system had operated continuously for more than half a century, steadily declining ridership (due in large part to the phenomenal rise in popularity of the automobile) ultimately led the company to discontinue all <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetcar" title="Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">streetcar</a> service in favor of bus routes in 1949.<h3 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px;">San Diego Class 1 Streetcars<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: San Diego Class 1 Streetcars" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h3><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation" style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 100px; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(242, 133, 0); background-color: rgb(251, 251, 251); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;"><div style="width: 52px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;"><img alt="Question book-new.svg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" height="39" width="50" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; width: 712.21875px;">This section does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">references or sources</a>. Please help improve this section by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">removed</a>. (July 2011)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent;"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px !important; width: 352px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Class_1_Streetcar_5th_and_Broadway-San_Diego-1915.JPG" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Class_1_Streetcar_5th_and_Broadway-San_Diego-1915.JPG/350px-Class_1_Streetcar_5th_and_Broadway-San_Diego-1915.JPG" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Class_1_Streetcar_5th_and_Broadway-San_Diego-1915.JPG/525px-Class_1_Streetcar_5th_and_Broadway-San_Diego-1915.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Class_1_Streetcar_5th_and_Broadway-San_Diego-1915.JPG 2x" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" height="267" width="350" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 11px; padding: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="margin-left: 3px; border: none !important; background-image: none !important; float: right; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Class_1_Streetcar_5th_and_Broadway-San_Diego-1915.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none !important; display: block; border: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" style="border: none !important; vertical-align: middle; display: block; background-image: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;" height="11" width="15" /></a></div>Class 1 Streetcar #125 at 5th and Broadway in San Diego, CA (1915)</div></div></div>One of Spreckels' major contributions to the city of San Diego was his commitment to the construction of<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balboa_Park(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Balboa Park</a> in preparation of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama-California_Exposition" title="Panama-California Exposition" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Panama-California Exposition</a>. As the owner of the San Diego Electric Railway Company, he also developed a unique fleet of special streetcars that could handle the large crowds attending this event. Following the Exposition, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_Class_1_Streetcars" title="San Diego Class 1 Streetcars" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">the Class 1 streetcars</a> would go on to provide a continuing public transportation service for the city of San Diego over the next 27 years.An evolution from previous streetcar models, the Class 1s were designed with artistry, state-of-the-art technology and San Diego's unique climate in mind. Under Spreckels' guise, the engineers of SDERy drafted up plans that took elements from both the "California Car" and the "Closed Car" designs and refashioned them into a new, modern transit fleet. Their plans were sent to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.Louis_Car_Company" title="St. Louis Car Company" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Saint Louis Car Company</a>(SLCCo) where these beautiful, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_Movement" title="Arts and Crafts Movement" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Arts & Crafts</a>-style streetcars were built and shipped out to San Diego. Ultimately, the Class 1 streetcars ran all over San Diego, from Coronado through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Downtown</a>, Mission Hills,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Beach,San_Diego,California" title="Ocean Beach, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ocean Beach</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Park,San_Diego,California" title="North Park, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">North Park</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Hill,San_Diego,California" title="Golden Hill, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Golden Hill</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensington,San_Diego,California" title="Kensington, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Kensington</a>. They even briefly served as a link to the U.S.-Mexico Border.These streetcars were "retired" in 1939 to give way to the cheaper, Depression-era <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCC_streetcar" title="PCC streetcar" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Presidents’ Conference Committee (PCC) streetcars</a>. Today, only three of the original twenty-four Class 1 streetcars remain in existence.<h3 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px;">San Diego and Arizona Railway<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: San Diego and Arizona Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h3><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent;"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px !important; width: 222px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SDA_Golden_Spike_November_15_1919.jpg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/SDA_Golden_Spike_November_15_1919.jpg/220px-SDA_Golden_Spike_November_15_1919.jpg" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/SDA_Golden_Spike_November_15_1919.jpg/330px-SDA_Golden_Spike_November_15_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/SDA_Golden_Spike_November_15_1919.jpg/440px-SDA_Golden_Spike_November_15_1919.jpg 2x" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" height="159" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 11px; padding: 3px !important; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="margin-left: 3px; border: none !important; background-image: none !important; float: right; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SDA_Golden_Spike_November_15_1919.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none !important; display: block; border: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;"><img src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" style="border: none !important; vertical-align: middle; display: block; background-image: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;" height="11" width="15" /></a></div>J.D. Spreckels drives the "golden spike" to ceremonially complete the San Diego and Arizona Railway on November 15, 1919</div></div></div><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_and_Arizona_Railway" title="San Diego and Arizona Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego and Arizona Railway</a></div>In 1919, Spreckels completed the San Diego and Arizona Railway, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-line_railroad" title="Short-line railroad" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">short line</a> American railroad, dubbed "The Impossible Railroad" by many engineers of its day due to the immense logistical challenges involved. Established in 1906 to provide San Diego with a direct rail link to the east by connecting with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Southern Pacific Railroad</a> (which secretly provided the funding for the endeavor) lines in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Centro" title="El Centro" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">El Centro</a>, California, the 148-mile (238-kilometer) route of the SD&A originated in San Diego and terminated in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_County" title="Imperial County" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Imperial County</a> town of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calexico,California" title="Calexico, California" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Calexico</a>.The total construction cost was approximately $18 million, or some $123,000 per mile; the original estimate was $6 million. Construction delays, attacks by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mexican</a> revolutionaries, and government intervention during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">World War I</a> all served to push the construction completion to November 15, 1919 when the "golden spike" was finally driven by none other than Spreckels himself. Completing the SD&A was a monumental task that seriously affected Spreckels' health, almost costing him his life.In subsequent years, damage to the lines from heavy rainstorms, landslides, and fires took a financial toll on the railroad, as did border closings with Mexico. In 1932, financial difficulties forced Spreckels' heirs to sell their interests in the firm for $2.8 million to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Southern Pacific</a>, which renamed the railroad the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_and_Arizona_Eastern_Railway" title="San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway</a> (SD&AE).<h3 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-size: 17px;">Southern California Mountain Water Company<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Southern California Mountain Water Company" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h3><blockquote class="templatequote" style="margin-top: 0px;">"Get your water first, for without your water you get your population under false pretenses and they quit you when the water runs dry."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[8]</a></blockquote>Spreckels organized the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_California_Mountain_Water_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern California Mountain Water Company (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Southern California Mountain Water Company</a>, which in turn built the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morena_dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morena dam (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Morena</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Upper_Otay_dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Otay dam (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Upper</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Otay_Reservoir" title="Lower Otay Reservoir" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Lower Otay Reservoir</a> dams, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dulzura_conduit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dulzura conduit (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Dulzura conduit</a>and the necessary pipeline to the city.<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">Legacy<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2>Spreckels contributed to the cultural life of the city by building the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels_Theater_Building,San_Diego,California" title="Spreckels Theater Building, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels Theatre</a>, the first modern commercial playhouse west of the Mississippi. He gave generously to the fund to build the 1915 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama-California_Exposition" title="Panama-California Exposition" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Panama-California Exposition</a> and, together with his brother <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_B.Spreckels" title="Adolph B. Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Adolph B. Spreckels</a>, donated the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreckels_Organ_Pavilion,San_Diego,California" title="Spreckels Organ Pavilion, San Diego, California" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Spreckels Organ Pavilion</a> in Balboa Park to the people of San Diego just before the opening of the Exposition. Spreckels paid the salaries of a resident organ tuner and of the organist for many years, providing free daily organ concerts.Spreckels died in San Diego on June 7, 1926. His biographer, Austin Adams, called him "one of America's few great Empire Builders who invested millions to turn a struggling, bankrupt village into the beautiful and cosmopolitan city San Diego is today."<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">Notes<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist" style="font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-sandiego-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-sandiego_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-sandiego_1-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegohistory.org/bio/spreckels/spreckels.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">John D. Spreckels</a> at www.sandiegohistory.org</li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ca/state1/biographies/jdspreckels.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">California AHGP - John D. Spreckels</a> at www.usgennet.org</li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Phillips, Morris "Abroad and at home:practical hints for tourists (Google eBook" Brentano's, 1891</li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegohistory.org/collections/theaters/spreckels.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Spreckels Theatre, San Diego</a> at www.sandiegohistory.org</li><li id="cite_note-nbc-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-nbc_5-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Sarah Grieco, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/Looking-Inside-Spreckels-Mansion-207778231.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Looking Inside Spreckels Mansion</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNSD" title="KNSD" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">NBC7</a>, May 17, 2013</li><li id="cite_note-dianebell-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-dianebell_6-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Diane Bell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/Jul/11/tp-spreckels-mansion-sold-for-9-million/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Spreckels Mansion Sold For $9 Million</a>, UT San Diego, July 10, 2013</li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Adams 1924</li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Spreckels#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Dodge 1960</li></ol></div><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">References<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Adams, H. Austin (1924). The Man John D. Spreckels. Press of Frye & Smyth.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+D.+Spreckels&rft.au=Adams%2C+H.+Austin&rft.aulast=Adams%2C+H.+Austin&rft.btitle=The+Man+John+D.+Spreckels&rft.date=1924&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Press+of+Frye+%26+Smyth&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> Biography.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dodge, Richard V. (1960). Rails of the Silver Gate. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino,CA" title="San Marino, CA" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">San Marino, CA</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_West_Books" title="Golden West Books" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Golden West Books</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87095-019-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87095-019-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">0-87095-019-3</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+D.+Spreckels&rft.au=Dodge%2C+Richard+V.&rft.aulast=Dodge%2C+Richard+V.&rft.btitle=Rails+of+the+Silver+Gate&rft.date=1960&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-87095-019-3&rft.place=San+Marino%2C+CA&rft.pub=Golden+West+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Hanft, Robert M. (1984). San Diego & Arizona: The Impossible Railroad. Trans-Anglo Books, Glendale, CA. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87046-071-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87046-071-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">0-87046-071-4</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+D.+Spreckels&rft.au=Hanft%2C+Robert+M.&rft.aulast=Hanft%2C+Robert+M.&rft.btitle=San+Diego+%26+Arizona%3A++The+Impossible+Railroad&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-87046-071-4&rft.pub=Trans-Anglo+Books%2C+Glendale%2C+CA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sandiegohistoricstreetcars.org/history.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">History | The Home of the Historic San Diego Class 1 Streetcars</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Rawls, James J. and Walter Bean. (2003). California: An Interpretive History. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-052411-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-052411-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">0-07-052411-4</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+D.+Spreckels&rft.aulast=Rawls%2C+James+J.+and+Walter+Bean.&rft.au=Rawls%2C+James+J.+and+Walter+Bean.&rft.btitle=California%3A++An+Interpretive+History&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-07-052411-4&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill%2C+New+York%2C+NY&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegohistory.org/bio/spreckels/spreckels.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">San Diego Historical Society San Diego Biographies: John D. Spreckels (1853–1926)</a> — accessed September 6, 2005.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Smythe, William E. (1908). History of San Diego: 1542-1908. San Diego Public Library, San Diego, CA.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+D.+Spreckels&rft.aulast=Smythe%2C+William+E.&rft.au=Smythe%2C+William+E.&rft.btitle=History+of+San+Diego%3A++1542-1908&rft.date=1908&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=San+Diego+Public+Library%2C+San+Diego%2C+CA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegohistory.org/books/smythe/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Part 5, Chapter 6: "John D. Spreckels Solves the Railroad Problem"</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Black, Samuel T. (1913). San Diego County California. The S. J. Clark Publishing Company, Chicago.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+D.+Spreckels&rft.au=Black%2C+Samuel+T.&rft.aulast=Black%2C+Samuel+T.&rft.btitle=San+Diego+County+California&rft.date=1913&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=The+S.+J.+Clark+Publishing+Company%2C+Chicago&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">, v. 2, pp. 5–8: "John D. Spreckels"</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Nolan, John Matthew "2,543 Days: A History of the Hotel at the Grand Rapids Dam on the Wabash River" Discusses Charles T. Hinde, one of the silent investors of the Hotel del Coronado and how the Hotel del Coronado influenced the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids_Hotel" title="Grand Rapids Hotel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Grand Rapids Hotel</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wabash_County,Illinois" title="Wabash County, Illinois" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Wabash County, Illinois</a>.</li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19px;">External links<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_D.Spreckels&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]</h2><table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="font-size: 11px; clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0px 4px 1em; width: 238px; line-height: 1.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" height="40" width="30" /></td><td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 169.75px;">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_D.Spreckels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John D. Spreckels" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">John D. Spreckels</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ca/state1/biographies/jdspreckels.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">California AGHP — John D. Spreckels</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gloriettabayinn.com/history-of-the-inn.php" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[1]</a> — History of the Inn and John D. Spreckels.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegohistoricstreetcars.org/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">The Home of the San Diego Historic Class 1 Streetcars</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegohistory.org/books/smythe/5-6.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">"John D. Spreckels Solves the Railroad Problem"</a> from The History of San Diego: 1542–1908 by William E. Smythe.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calodges.org/no657/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">John D. Spreckels Lodge No. 657</a> official website</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serve.com/sosorgan/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Spreckels Organ Society</a> official website.</li></ul><table class="navbox" style="font-size: 11px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); width: 996px; margin: 0.5em auto auto; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 1px; background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); border-spacing: 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 2px;"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="font-size: 11px; width: 992px; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent;" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority_control" title="Authority control" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Authority control</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.8em; border-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); background-color: transparent; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 875px; padding: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin: 0px; 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