Johnson, Hiram

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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson</a>

Hiram Warren Johnson (September 2, 1866 – August 6, 1945) was a leading American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">progressive</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">isolationist</a> politician from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">California</a>; he served as the 23rd <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">governor</a> from 1911 to 1917, and as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">United States Senator</a> from 1917 to 1945. He was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Theodore Roosevelt</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">running mate</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1912" title="United States presidential election, 1912" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1912 presidential election</a> on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_Moose" title="Bull Moose" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Progressive</a>, aka Bull Moose, ticket.

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#Life_and_career" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 Life and career</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#Early_years" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.1 Early years</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#Governor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.2 Governor</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#Senator" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.3 Senator</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#Death_and_legacy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.4 Death and legacy</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3 External links</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#Archives" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.1 Archives</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

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<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Life and career<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Johnson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early years</h3>

<p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Johnson was born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,California" title="Sacramento, California" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sacramento, California</a> on September 2, 1866; his father was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_Lawrence_Johnson" title="Grove Lawrence Johnson" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Grove Lawrence Johnson</a>, a<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Republican</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Representative</a> and a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">California State Legislature</a> famous for his support of personal interests. His mother was Annie DeMontfredy, partially descended of a family of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huguenot" title="Huguenot" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Huguenots</a> who had left <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Modern_France" title="Early Modern France" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">France</a> to escape <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">religious persecution</a> there. Annie was a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Daughters of the American Revolution</a>, claiming descent from a general of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Continental Army</a>. Johnson had a brother and three sisters.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a>

After attending <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_school(government_funded)" title="Public school (government funded)" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">public schools</a> and Heald College, Johnson first worked as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">shorthand</a> reporter and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenographer" title="Stenographer" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">stenographer</a>in law offices. He eventually decided on a legal career, studying at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California_Berkeley" title="University of California Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">University of California Berkeley</a>, where he was a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Phi_Fraternity" title="Chi Phi Fraternity" class="mw-redirect" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Chi Phi Fraternity</a>. He was admitted to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar(law)" title="Bar (law)" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">bar</a> in 1888 and commenced practice in his hometown. In 1902 he moved to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">San Francisco</a>. He served as assistant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">district attorney</a> and became active in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_movement" title="Reform movement" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">reform</a> politics, taking up an anti-corruption mantle. He attracted statewide attention in 1908 when he assisted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_J._Heney" title="Francis J. Heney" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Francis J. Heney</a> in the graft prosecution of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe_Ruef" title="Abe Ruef" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Abe Ruef</a> and Mayor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Schmitz" title="Eugene Schmitz" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Eugene Schmitz</a>, his success due in large measure to the fact that after Heney had been gunned down in the courtroom, he took the lead for the prosecution and won the case. He married Minne L. McNeal; the couple had two sons.

Johnson during his tenure as Governor of California.</div>

</div>

<p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 1910 Johnson won the gubernatorial election as a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Roosevelt_League" title="Lincoln–Roosevelt League" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Lincoln–Roosevelt League</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_liberalism" title="American liberalism" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">liberal</a> Republican movement running on an anti-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Southern Pacific Railroad</a> platform. He toured the state in an open automobile. In office, Johnson was a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populism" title="Populism" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">populist</a> who implemented many important reforms. Among them was the popular election of U.S. Senators, which stripped away the sole franchise of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">California State Legislature</a> to vote for federal Senators. Johnson's administration also pushed for the ability of candidates to register in more than one <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">political party</a>, a reform that he believed would cripple the influence of what he viewed as a monolithic political establishment. In 1911, Johnson and the Progressives added <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative" title="Initiative" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">initiative</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">referendum</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">recall</a> to the state government, giving California a degree of direct democracy unmatched by any other U.S. state.

Johnson was instrumental in the establishment of a Railroad Commission to regulate the power of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Transportation_Company" title="Southern Pacific Transportation Company" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Southern Pacific Railroad</a>. On taking office, Johnson soon paroled the convicted Southern Pacific train bandit <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Evans_(outlaw)" title="Christopher Evans (outlaw)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Chris Evans</a> but required that he leave California.

Johnson supported the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Alien_Land_Law_of_1913" title="California Alien Land Law of 1913" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">California Alien Land Law of 1913</a>.

Nationally, Johnson was a founder of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Party(United_States,1912)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Progressive Party</a> in 1912. That same year, he was the party's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">vice presidential</a> candidate, sharing a ticket with former President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Theodore Roosevelt</a>; his selection helped Roosevelt to carry California by 0.2 percent of the votes. The Progressives finished second nationally ahead of the incumbent Republican, President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">William Howard Taft</a>, but still <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1912" title="United States presidential election, 1912" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">lost the election</a> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Democrats</a> and their candidate, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Woodrow Wilson</a>.

Johnson was re-elected governor of California in 1914, almost doubling his opponent.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a>

Following Theodore Roosevelt's death in January 1919, Johnson was regarded as the natural leader of the Progressive Party. In 1920, however, he did not attempt to revive the Progressive Party, but ran for President as a Republican. He was defeated for the Republican presidential nomination by U.S. Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Harding" title="Warren Harding" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Warren Harding</a> of Ohio. Johnson also did not get the support of Roosevelt's family, who instead supported Roosevelt's long-time friend <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Wood" title="Leonard Wood" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Leonard Wood</a>.

When the motion picture industry sought someone to establish a self-regulatory process and to help the industry fend off official censorship, three candidates were identified: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Herbert Hoover</a>, Johnson and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_H._Hays" title="Will H. Hays" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Will Hays</a>. Hays, who had campaigned actively for Harding amongst industry leaders, was ultimately named to head the new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_Picture_Producers_and_Distributors_of_America" title="Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America</a> in early 1922.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a>

...

Johnson received ten votes for the Republican nomination against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Calvin Coolidge</a> in 1924. As a senator, Johnson proved extremely popular. In 1934, he was re-elected with 94.5 percent of the popular vote thanks to the fact that he was nominated by both Republicans and Democrats and his only opponent was that of Socialist George R Kirkpatrick. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px; padding: 3px !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mwe_player_0" class="PopUpMediaTransform" videopayload=""><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Californ1913-1.ogv" title="Play media" target="new" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="play-btn-large" style=" width: 70px; height: 53px; background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,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); position: absolute; cursor: pointer; z-index: 1; border: none !important; top: 143.5px; left: 110px; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -25px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> </a></div>

Hiram Johnson at 1913 California State Fair</div>

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<p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">During the early presidency of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Franklin Roosevelt</a>, Johnson supported the president's economic recovery package, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New Deal</a>, frequently crossing the floor to aid the Democrats and even backing FDR in the 1932 and 1936 presidential elections, although he never switched party affiliation. He became disenchanted with Roosevelt and the New Deal following FDR's unsuccessful attempt to increase the size of the Supreme Court. As a staunch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolationist" title="Isolationist" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">isolationist</a>, Johnson voted against the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">League of Nations</a>. He was not present when the Senate voted to ratify the treaty creating a similar organization, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">United Nations</a>, but he made it known that he would have voted against ratification; only senators <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Henrik Shipstead</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">William Langer</a> actually cast votes against the United Nations Charter.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a>

In 1943 a confidential analysis by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Isaiah Berlin</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee" title="Senate Foreign Relations Committee" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> for the British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Office" title="Foreign Office" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Foreign Office</a> stated that Johnson

is the Isolationists' elder statesman and the only surviving member of the [William E. ] <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Borah" title="William E. Borah" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Borah</a>- [Henry Cabot]<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Lodge</a>-Johnson combination which led the fight against the League in 1919 and 1920. He is an implacable and uncompromising Isolationist with immense prestige in California, of which he has twice been Governor. His election to the Senate has not been opposed for many years by either party. He is acutely Pacific-conscious and is a champion of a more adequate defence of the West Coast. He is a member of the FarmBloc and is au fond, against foreign affairs as such; his view of Europe as a sink of iniquity has not changed in any particular since 1912, when he founded a short-lived progressive party. His prestige in Congress is still great and his parliamentary skill should not be underestimated.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_note-hachey1973-8" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a>

</blockquote>

Johnson died shortly after the Senate ratified the United Nations treaty.

Johnson gained some recognition in the media and general public during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_recall_election,_2003" title="California recall election, 2003" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2003 California recall election</a> because he was the most important person behind the introduction of the law that allowed state officials to be recalled. Also, then-gubernatorial candidate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> referred to Johnson's progressive legacy in his campaign speeches.

On August 25, 2009, Governor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> and his wife, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Maria Shriver</a>, announced that Johnson would be one of 13 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Hall_of_Fame" title="California Hall of Fame" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">California Hall of Fame</a> inductees in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_California_Museum" title="The California Museum" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">The California Museum</a>'s yearlong exhibit. The induction ceremony was on December 1, 2009 in Sacramento.

The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf8t1nb3kr/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Hiram Johnson papers, 1895-1945</a>, reside at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancroft_Library" title="Bancroft Library" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bancroft Library</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">University of California, Berkeley</a>.

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson_High_School" title="Hiram Johnson High School" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Hiram Johnson High School</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sacramento, California</a> is named in his honor.

<table style="line-height: 11.968px; max-width: 175px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr valign="middle"><td style=" text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_vip.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><img src="/87716659-5a96-57df-af10-69ac82044f3a.png"/></a></td><td style=" padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">biography portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">References<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Johnson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a>} <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/_{npmelton/sfbjohn2.htm}" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Lewis Francis Byington, “History of San Francisco 3 Vols” (1931), Vol. 2, pages 347-350.</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a>} <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_gubernatorial_election,_1914" title="California gubernatorial election, 1914" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">California gubernatorial election, 1914</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a>} <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/241/mode/1up" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"The only successful progressive leader"</a>. The Independent. Nov 16, 1914. Retrieved July 24, 2012.</li>

<li id="cite_note-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a>} <a href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" class="extiw" title="q:Hiram Johnson" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Wikiquote, Hiram Johnson</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a>} <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.callmefatty.com/id8.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Will Hays: America's Morality Czar"</a>, "Source: 'Will Hays.'Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol. 21. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_Group" title="Gale Group" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Gale Group</a>, 2001." Retrieved 2011-09-12.</li>

<li id="cite_note-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a>} <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://elections.harpweek.com/1912/bio-1912-Full.asp?UniqueID=6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">http://elections.harpweek.com/1912/bio-1912-Full.asp?UniqueID=6</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a>} <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/UNCharter_rollcallvote1945.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif"); padding-right: 18px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Congressional Record</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-hachey1973-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid; page-break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson#cite_ref-hachey1973_8-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a>} Hachey, Thomas E. (Winter 1973-1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/published_works/singles/bib139a/bib139a.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif"); padding-right: 18px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943"</a>. Wisconsin Magazine of History 57 (2): 141–153. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4634869" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">4634869</a>.</li>

</ol>

</div>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">External links<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiram_Johnson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

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<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf8t1nb3kr/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Guide to the Hiram Johnson Papers</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancroft_Library" title="Bancroft Library" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bancroft Library</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabee.com/static/archive/news/projects/people_of_century/century_special/johnson.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Historical archive</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sacramento, California</a> newspaper <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sacramento_Bee" title="The Sacramento Bee" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">The Sacramento Bee</a></li>

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</ul>

=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_J.HeneyFrancis Joseph Heney (March 17, 1859 – October 31, 1937) was a lawyer, judge, and politician who killed an opposing plaintiff in self defense, and who was shot in the head by a prospective juror during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_graft_trials" title="San Francisco graft trials" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">San Francisco graft trials</a>. In 1891 while an attorney in Tucson, Arizona Territory, he defended the abused wife of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C.Handy" title="John C. Handy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">John C. Handy</a>. Handy attacked Heney, and Heney shot and killed Handy. Heney later served as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Attorney_General" title="Arizona Attorney General" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Attorney General</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Arizona Territory</a> between 1893 and 1895. He was the chief prosecutor of the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Land_Fraud_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Land Fraud scandal" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Oregon Land Fraud scandal</a> from 1904 to 1910 and served as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">U.S. District Attorney</a> for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Oregon" title="United States District Court for the District of Oregon" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">District of Oregon</a> from January 9 to December 3, 1905. He prosecuted corrupt San Francisco politicians from 1906 to 1908.During 1906, Heney prosecuted San Francisco Mayor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Schmitz" title="Eugene Schmitz" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Eugene Schmitz</a> and political boss <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe_Ruef" title="Abe Ruef" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Abe Ruef</a> for bribery. Heney revealed that a prospective jurors was ineligible because he was an ex-convict. The man deeply resented Heney’s action and while court was in recess, walked into the courtroom and shot the attorney in the jaw. Heney survived the wound and the trial went on. He ran for the U.S. Senate from California on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Party(United_States,1912)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Progressive Party</a> ticket in 1914....While in Oregon, he was approached by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_Spreckels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolph Spreckels (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Rudolph Spreckels</a>, president of the First National Bank, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremont_Older" title="Fremont Older" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Fremont Older</a>, editor of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Bulletin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">San Francisco Bulletin</a>, who promised to put up $100,000 to finance an investigation of corrupt city officials, and asked him to come as soon as possible to San Francisco to help investigate and prosecute. Older went to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, D. C." style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Washington, D. C.</a> and got <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">President Roosevelt</a> to agree to lend special federal prosecutor Heney to the San Francisco District Attorneys office. In April 1906 he was a member of Mayor Schmitz's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Fifty(1906)" title="Committee of Fifty (1906)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Committee of Fifty</a> that tried to manage the city during the crisis following the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">big earthquake</a> and subsequent fire, but the earthquake delayed the graft prosecution for only a short time.On October 24, 1906, San Francisco D.A. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_H.Langdon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William H. Langdon (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">William H. Langdon</a> appointed Heney Assistant D.A. The next day, Acting Mayor James L. Gallagher, who as the Chairman of the Board of Supervisors ran the city while Mayor Schmitz was traveling around Europe – suspended D.A. Langdon for "neglect of office" and appointed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe_Ruef" title="Abe Ruef" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Abe Ruef</a> Acting District Attorney. Ruef then wrote to Heney: "You are hereby removed from the position of Assistant District Attorney of the City and County of San Francisco." Heney said he did not recognize Ruef as D.A. At 2.a.m. the following morning, Judge Seawell signed an order temporarily restraining Ruef from installing himself as district attorney.Heney prosecuted Mayor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Schmitz" title="Eugene Schmitz" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Eugene Schmitz</a> and political boss <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe_Ruef" title="Abe Ruef" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Abe Ruef</a> for bribery. While examining prospective jurors Heney had publicly revealed the fact that one man on the panel, Morris Haas, was ineligible because he had many years earlier served a term in San Quentin Prison. Heney did not need to humiliate Haas publicly in this way; he did so in anger, believing that Ruef was trying to plant the man on the jury. Haas deeply resented Heney’s action and brooded over it for many weeks. While the trial was in temporary recess, Haas approached Heney in the courtroom, whipped out a revolver, and shot the attorney in the head; the bullet lodged behind the jaw muscles, where a difference of a fraction of an inch in any direction would have produced a fatal wound. Heney was carried away on a stretcher, mumbling, "I’ll get him [Ruef] yet." His place was taken by a bright young assistant named <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Hiram Johnson</a>, and the trial went on.Haas was placed in a prison cell with a policeman to guard him; but in spite of these precautions he was found dead the following evening, a small pistol beside him. Those who believed Haas had been hired by Ruef to murder Heney now believed, naturally, that some other gangster in Ruef’s employ had done away with Haas so that he could not talk. The chief of police <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J.Biggy" title="William J. Biggy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">William J. Biggy</a> was deeply hurt by Heney’s public criticism of him for negligence in the Haas case. Biggy later fell overboard from a police launch during a nighttime crossing of San Francisco Bay, a possible suicide.Heney did not die from his wound, as he had been expected to, and some days later the trial was concluded. Detective Burns had given Johnson the names of four jurors who, Burns said, had been bribed, and in his summation Johnson called each of them by name, pointed a forefinger at him, and shouted: "You – you dare not acquit this man!" Nevertheless, when the jury retired for its deliberations everyone expected that it would let Ruef go, or would disagree, as had happened in almost every other case growing out of the graft prosecution.While the jury was out Heney telephoned Older to say that he was much recovered, and proposed to come down and pay his respects to the judge. Older, with his usual flair for the dramatic, told Heney not to come until the editor gave the signal. While most of the community was by now against the prosecution, there was a minority on the side of honesty, which had organized a League of Justice pledged to help at a moment’s notice. Older now hastily sent word to dozens of these men, who came and crowded into the courtroom, which was directly under the chamber in which the jury was deliberating.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Wells" title="Evelyn Wells" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Evelyn Wells</a>, in her biography of Older, tells what happened when Heney entered the courtroom on Older’s arm: "The 'minutemen' raised a shout of welcome. Older himself trumpeted like a bull elephant. The rest of the crowd joined in. … It was a cheer of welcome, but to the scared jury on the floor above it sounded like a bellowed demand for lynching. A few minutes later twelve men good and true filed hurriedly into the courtroom. They had hastily made up their minds. All were deathly white. Some trembled. A few were weeping." But their verdict was "Guilty", and Ruef was sentenced to fourteen years in prison.Of all the sentences meted out to leading figures in the whole course of the prosecution, it was the only one that was made to stick. Another municipal election was approaching, and Langdon, the weary and battered district attorney, refused to run again. He was discouraged, with good reason: a key witness, the supervisor who had paid off his fellows on Ruef’s behalf [James Gallagher], had fled the country. In desperation, Heney himself ran for district attorney, and was defeated by a football hero from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Stanford University</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fickert" title="Charles Fickert" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Charles Fickert</a>, whose liaison with the grafters was notorious. Fickert promptly and contemptuously refused to go on with any of the pending cases against the big businessmen. He pretended not to know the whereabouts of the supervisor who had fled, although everyone else knew that he was rusticating in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Vancouver</a>, British Columbia.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_J.Heney#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">[13]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_P.Lawlor" title="William P. Lawlor" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">William P. Lawlor</a>, the honest judge who had presided in several of the cases, excoriated Fickert and ordered the others to trial; but he was overruled by the court of appeals, which decided that all of the large number of remaining indictments should be quashed. The graft prosecution was over, having ended in almost total failure, with only Ruef in prison."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_J.Heney#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">[14]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Later life[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_J.Heney&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>In 1912 he was a Delegate to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Republican</a> National Convention from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">California</a>. In 1921 he acted on behalf of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.H.DeLay" title="B. H. DeLay" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">B. H. DeLay</a> during the controversy with C. E. Frey about the ownership of the DeLay Airfield.Heney died in Santa Monica, California on October 31, 1937. he was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Santa Monica, California.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_J.Heney#cite_note-findagrave-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">[1]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sources[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_J.Heney&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" color="color" rgb="rgb" line-height="line-height" px="px" background-color="background-color" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bean, Walton, Boss Ruef's San Francisco. Berkeley: University of California Press, (1952)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_A.Douglas_Puter" title="Stephen A. Douglas Puter" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Puter, Stephen A. D.</a>, Looters of the Public Domain (1908)</li></ul><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="mw-parser-output">The Lincoln–Roosevelt League (officially known as the League of Lincoln-Roosevelt Republican Clubs) was founded in 1907 by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">California</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">journalists</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Harvey_Rowell" title="Chester Harvey Rowell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chester H. Rowell</a> of the Fresno Morning Republican and Edward Dickson of the Los Angeles Express.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Roosevelt_League#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a> Initially, it was a coalition of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">progressive</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Activist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">activists</a>. Although it never had more than 100 members, the league was instrumental in the election of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hiram Johnson</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">governor of California</a> in 1910 and the formation of the national <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Party(United_States,1912)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Progressive Party</a> in 1912.The initial aim of the league was to curb the power of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Company" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Southern Pacific Company</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="California politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">California politics</a>. Some specific elements of their appeal for reform were a direct primary system; the voter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative" title="Initiative" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">initiative</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">referendum</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">recall</a>; "the regulation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">public utilities</a>; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation(ethic)" title="Conservation (ethic)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">conservation</a> of forests; the outlawing of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Child labor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">child labor</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">prostitution</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">gambling</a>; hospital and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_reform" title="Prison reform" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">prison reform</a>; women's suffrage; and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">minimum wage</a> law for working women; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">direct election of United States senators</a>; the systemization of public finance; charter reform; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">public transportation</a>." <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Roosevelt_League#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177);" linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height">Notes[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln%E2%80%93Roosevelt_League&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Roosevelt_League#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Mowry, George, The California Progressives, Quadrangle Press (1951), p. 67</li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%E2%80%93Roosevelt_League#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Starr, Kevin, Inventing the Dream California Through the Progressive Era, Oxford University Press (1985), p. 236</li></ol></div></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_activists" title="Category:American activists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American activists</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Republican_Party(United_States)_organizations" title="Category:Republican Party (United States) organizations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Republican Party (United States) organizations</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Progressive_Era_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Progressive Era in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Progressive Era in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Political_organizations_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Political organizations in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Political organizations in the United States</a></li></ul></div></div>==2010<h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://lwvc.org/sites/lwvc.org/files/downloads/studies/Natalya_DeRobertis_Theye_Thesis.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://lwvc.org/sites/lwvc.org/files/downloads/studies/Natalya_DeRobertis_Theye_Thesis.pdf&ved=0ahUKEwil56Wog7vcAhUQC6wKHV7VB3kQFghxMAs" style="cursor: pointer;">An Unlikely Victory Natalya DeRobertis-Theye History Thesis Spring ...</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://lwvc.org/sites/lwvc.org/files/.../studies/Natalya_DeRobertis_Theye_Thesis.pdf</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Lincoln-Roosevelt+League+of+Republican+Clubs&oq=Lincoln-Roosevelt+League+of+Republican+Clubs&aqs=chrome..69i57.1205j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b11" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwil56Wog7vcAhUQC6wKHV7VB3kQ7B0IcjAL" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; 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cursor: pointer;">Related articles</a></div>clear goal: to eliminate the domination of the Republican Party of California by the .... Insurgency; Origins of the League of Lincoln-Roosevelt Republican Clubs, ...</div><a href="https://lwvc.org/sites/lwvc.org/files/downloads/studies/Natalya_DeRobertis_Theye_Thesis.pdf">https://lwvc.org/sites/lwvc.org/files/downloads/studies/Natalya_DeRobertis_Theye_Thesis.pdf</a>An Unlikely Victory

The Forgotten and Remarkable Story of How the Lincoln-Roosevelt League Thwarted the Political

Influence of the Southern Pacific Railroad and Ushered in the Progressive Era in California
...The assembled representatives went on to

establish guidelines for the further organization and expansion of the League, as well as to elect a

President, Frank R. Devlin of Vallejo, four Vice Presidents and a permanent secretary. Waring‟s

minutes conclude with reference to an address delivered by a special guest, Francis J. Heney, the

highly-reputable attorney of the San Francisco graft trials, who attended both for himself and as a

representative of wealthy banker and financier Rudolph Spreckels. Heney stated that he and

Spreckels were in full sympathy with the movement, and furthermore suggested that the group

incorporate the name of President Roosevelt in its title.15

Thus, the official title, “League of the

Lincoln-Roosevelt Republican Clubs” was adopted, and the meeting adjourned with the first step

toward eradicating the Southern Pacific Political Bureau from influence in California politics

accomplished (seegreat caronn damsel on tracks]==

Johnson, Hiram

Attachments