tigerswan 3

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">719</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div><a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/12/08/energy-transfer-tigerswan-bribery-conspiracy-charges/">https://theintercept.com/2019/12/08/energy-transfer-tigerswan-bribery-conspiracy-charges/</a></div><div>
</div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">p</font><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">IPELINE GIANT ENERGY TRANSFER AND ITS PRIVATE SECURITY CONTRACTORS FACE BRIBERY CHARGES IN PENNSYLVANIA</font></b></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Alleen Brown</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">December 8 2019, 10:25 a.m.</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>SECURITY PERSONNEL WORKING for Energy Transfer, one of the largest and most controversial oil and gas pipeline companies in the U.S., have been charged with bribery and criminal conspiracy for allegedly recruiting, hiring, and hiding payments to Pennsylvania state constables.</b></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">According to a complaint filed December 3 by Chester County District Attorney Tom Hogan, Energy Transfer illegally hired 19 constables to guard the Mariner East 2 natural gas pipeline, which has faced opposition from residents over the project’s ecological impact, explosion risks, and violations of their property rights. The constables were encouraged to wear their uniforms and badges and carry their guns, in what Hogan described as an intimidation tactic.</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>While it is not uncommon for companies to hire uniformed off-duty police officers to provide security services, in Pennsylvania, constables are elected officials barred from private security work. Furthermore, they are required to report outside income of more than $1,300. None of the seven who met that threshold did, according to the complaint. And in what appeared to be an attempt to hide the illegal activity, Energy Transfer paid the constables via a series of subcontractors, in many instances using handwritten checks that were not claimed for tax purposes.</b></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Hogan charged an Energy Transfer security manager, two contractors for the security firm TigerSwan, and two former state troopers for involvement in what his office called a “<b>buy-a-badge scheme.”</b></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">“We do not believe these charges have any merit,” Energy Transfer spokesperson Amanda Gorgueiro told The Intercept in an emailed statement. “The Pennsylvania constables in question were hired by an independent, Pennsylvania-based security firm to help maintain the safety of our worksites. Local law enforcement never expressed any objection to this security plan when it was discussed and implemented.”</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">TigerSwan did not reply to requests for comment.</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div>
</div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The case is an example of the myriad ways that corporations behind some of the country’s most controversial fossil fuel projects are using local law enforcement to overcome opposition. And it’s only the latest scandal involving Energy Transfer’s security personnel. The state security boards of Louisiana and North Dakota have each confronted TigerSwan for attempting to circumvent local licensing laws.</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In North Dakota, where Energy Transfer hired TigerSwan to guard the Dakota Access pipeline, the security firm faced scrutiny after The Intercept published leaked documents detailing its invasive surveillance practices, which involved infiltrators, aerial monitoring, and a close collaboration with local law enforcement to thwart massive protests near the Standing Rock reservation. The documents reveal that both of the TigerSwan contractors charged in Pennsylvania previously worked on the Dakota Access pipeline.</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Until now, Energy Transfer has successfully distanced itself from the deeds of its contractors. Hogan’s case offers a rare glimpse of the pipeline company’s hand in questionable security activities.</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The Mariner East 2 pipeline carries volatile propane, butane, and ethane from western Pennsylvania and Ohio’s shale fields to a terminal near Philadelphia. The natural gas liquids are mostly destined to become ingredients for plastics manufacturing in Europe. Sunoco, the Energy Transfer subsidiary in charge of Mariner East 2, repeatedly spilled drilling mud during construction, contaminating drinking water wells, and the construction has opened sinkholes on properties along the pipeline’s route.</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">...</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;no lnx</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">ogan, a Republican, announced a wide-ranging criminal investigation into the construction of Mariner East 2 around the time the pipeline began operating last December. Meanwhile, Pennsylvania Attorney General Josh Shapiro launched his own joint investigation into the pipeline project with Delaware County’s district attorney in March. And in November, the Associated Press reported that the FBI had launched an investigation into Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf’s permitting of Mariner East 2’s construction. Texts and emails obtained by The Guardian and the nonprofit Clean Air Council indicate Wolf’s office was involved in fast-tracking the project’s permit approval, bypassing planned environmental reviews.</font></font></font></font></div><div>
</div><div>“This is a pretty simple case,” Hogan stated in a press release. “State constables sold their badges and official authority. Energy Transfer bought those badges and authority, then used them as a weapon to intimidate citizens. And the defendants attempted to conceal their activity through a maze of companies and payments. Meanwhile, new sinkholes are popping up along the Mariner East pipeline. And still, the governor remains asleep at the wheel.”</div><div>
</div><div>An “Unwritten Policy”</div><div>Lisa Drive used to be a quiet street, part of a tight-knit, middle-class neighborhood in Pennsylvania’s West Whiteland Township. In 2014, when a land agent for Energy Transfer went door to door seeking access to residents’ backyards in order to build the pipeline, many were unconcerned, believing the company’s assurances that the workers would be in and out.</div><div>
</div><div>Instead, the neighborhood was transformed. It wasn’t just the midnight construction or backyard sinkholes that disturbed residents — the area was also swarmed with security personnel.</div><div>
</div><div>Chris “PK” Digiulio, a resident of Chester County, had closely followed the Dakota Access pipeline protests at Standing Rock and was disturbed to learn of the Energy Transfer pipeline coming to her community. After construction began on Lisa Drive, one of the neighborhood’s residents, Thomas Allen, invited her to monitor and film the company’s activities in his backyard.</div><div>
</div><div>Allen had recently purchased his childhood home after the death of his father. The backyard, which Allen’s father had taken pride in maintaining, was destroyed by the construction. Two sinkholes appeared overnight, and a guard was posted 24/7. Allen and his mother began to live with their shades drawn.</div><div>
</div><div>Men in cars with tinted windows parked along the street, with state constables among those patrolling the neighborhood. Pipeline security told Digiulio that she could not sit on Allen’s front lawn, despite the fact that it was not on the easement. Security personnel photographed visitors and their license plate numbers, and some visitors began to suspect they were being followed as they left the area, Diguilio said.</div><div>
</div><div>In January, Detective Ben Martin, the lead investigator in Hogan’s inquiry, was parked on Lisa Drive in the wake of yet another sinkhole. A man with a badge and a gun who identified himself as Constable Mike Robel approached Martin’s vehicle and asked him to park elsewhere, according to the complaint. The investigator declined and informed Robel that he was a detective. The constable told him that he worked for Sunoco, which Martin knew was illegal.</div><div>
</div><div>In August, Robel and another state constable were arrested for improperly using their positions and badges for personal profit. In response, Energy Transfer attempted to shift blame to a local security firm. Lisa Coleman, an Energy Transfer spokesperson, told press at the time that the two officers were not employees of Sunoco or Energy Transfer. “They were employed by Raven Knights, who provided security services and personnel,” she said. “We have a code of conduct for all of contractors and third-party vendors that clearly states what are acceptable behaviors and business practices, and we expect our contractors and their employees to adhere to that.”</div><div>
</div><div>But emails and bank records obtained by the Chester County investigators undermine Energy Transfer’s denial of responsibility and suggest that Raven Knights was carrying out Energy Transfer’s instructions. Emails obtained by the DA revealed Energy Transfer security manager Frank Recknagel describing a “plan to have a licensed armed/unformed [sic] PA State Constable provide coverage” on a site. When a TigerSwan contractor suggested that it would be easiest to hire off-duty police, Recknagel responded that Energy Transfer’s “unwritten policy” was to use on-duty law enforcement officers as armed security detail.</div><div>
</div><div>The constables were paid via Raven Knights “in a fashion calculated to avoid legally mandated reporting requirements,” the complaint alleges. The structure of the payments also served to obscure Energy Transfer’s supervision of the constables, according the complaint. Raven was officially owned and operated by two former state troopers, one of whom lacked a private security license. The Raven bank account used to pay the constables was fed by deposits from TigerSwan and two Energy Transfer construction subcontractors. The former state troopers were among those charged for involvement in the plot.</div><div>
</div><div>Energy Transfer allegedly paid the constables a total of $804,590 between September 2017 and February 2019, according to the complaint, “for the purposes of bribing Pennsylvania State Constables to use the authority of their office.”</div><div>
</div><div>Anti-Protest Tactics Across States</div><div>The Pennsylvania scheme is reminiscent of Energy Transfer’s troubles in other states. The North Dakota Private Investigation and Security Board sued TigerSwan for operating without a security license while guarding the Dakota Access pipeline. Meanwhile, in Louisiana, the site of Energy Transfer’s Bayou Bridge oil pipeline, the security board accused TigerSwan of registering a new security company in the state in an attempt to circumvent a previous license denial.</div><div>
</div><div>Energy Transfer’s security plan in both states included using off-duty law enforcement personnel and coordinating extensively with police.</div><div>
</div><div>“It’s the same people, it’s the same industry,” said a former TigerSwan contractor who declined to be named out of fear of harassment from their former employer. Given TigerSwan and Energy Transfer’s history of intimidating anti-pipeline protesters in other states, he added, “There’s no surprise that they’re doing this.”</div><div>
</div><div>Nik McKinnon and Michael Boffo, the TigerSwan personnel facing charges in Pennsylvania for hiring and supervising the constables, played roles in developing the surveillance tactics and law enforcement partnerships used to thwart Mariner East 2 opponents.</div><div>
</div><div>Boffo, TigerSwan’s site supervisor in Pennsylvania, managed the company’s security guards along the Iowa section of the Dakota Access pipeline and helped coordinate with local sheriff’s departments, according to a situation report TigerSwan filed to Energy Transfer in March 2017.</div><div>
</div><div>McKinnon, a senior security adviser for TigerSwan, worked as an intelligence analyst guarding the Illinois section of the Dakota Access pipeline. He’s listed as the contact person on a PowerPoint presentation titled “The Billionaire’s Club,” leaked to The Intercept by a former TigerSwan contractor, which claims that billionaire foundations are the puppeteers behind the “faux grassroots movement” against oil and gas pipelines — an indication of how Energy Transfer and TigerSwan view opponents like Allen and Digiulio.</div><div>
</div><div>According to the former TigerSwan contractor, McKinnon created the presentation, as well as another titled “Rules for Radicals.” That presentation, which proposes countertactics for various stages of social movement development, confirms the company’s interest in taking advantage of public police to break down environmental movements.</div><div>
</div><div>One countertactic suggests that personnel “utilize local [law enforcement] and Intel to rapidly oppose any Direct Action/Activist disruption activity.” Another underlines the need to “continue to lead [law enforcement] to quashing any small illegal protests.” Other slides describe tactics that fall outside of traditional security guard activities. “Control the media narrative,” one slide urges. Another goes even further, suggesting that it may be necessary to “create a strong, positive grass roots movement or harness already existing groups in order to oppose the build-up of local adversarial groups.”</div><div>
</div><div>According to the former TigerSwan contractor, the PowerPoints had less to do with protecting the people of Pennsylvania — or even the pipeline — and more to do with using the anti-pipeline movement as a source of profit for the private security industry. “The whole point of those PowerPoints was to justify TigerSwan existing,” said the former contractor. They were meant to convey that “this is going to get worse; this is going to grow.”</div><div>
</div><div>McKinnon declined to comment, and Boffo did not respond to requests for comment.</div><div>
</div><div>Digiulio was disturbed to learn of McKinnon’s and Boffo’s previous activities on behalf of Energy Transfer. “I am outraged that Energy Transfer and TigerSwan brought the tactics they developed in North Dakota, Louisiana, and elsewhere around the world to the town where I live,” she said. “It’s not only the company we should focus on, however, it’s also our government. Pennsylvania can revoke their license at any time.”</div><div>
</div><div>Ultimately, she wants the energy company and its security personnel out of her community. “This our house. Tiger Swan and Energy Transfer are not welcome here.”</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">10/16</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">TigerSwan is one of several security firms&nbsp;<a href="http://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/investigators-dog-handlers-were-not-licensed-to-work-security/article_4414ac82-191b-516a-bdd7-a4d0ff635247.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">under investigation</a>&nbsp;for its work guarding the Dakota Access pipeline in North Dakota while potentially without a permit. Besides this recent work on the Standing Rock Sioux&nbsp;protests in North Dakota, this company&nbsp;has offices in Iraq and Afghanistan and is run by a special forces Army&nbsp;veteran.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><a href="http://www.co.morton.nd.us/vertical/Sites/%7B90CBB59C-38EA-4D41-861A-81C9DEBD6022%7D/uploads/Morton_Investigation_summary_of_security_licensure.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">According to a summary of the investigation</a>, TigerSwan “is in charge of Dakota Access intelligence and supervises the overall&nbsp;security.”</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">The Morton County, North Dakota,&nbsp;Sheriff's Department also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2016/10/26/morton_county_finishes_investigation_into_dogs" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">recently&nbsp;concluded</a>&nbsp;that another&nbsp;security company, Frost Kennels,&nbsp;operated in the state while unlicensed to do so and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/26/north-dakota-pipeline-protest-guard-dogs-charges" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">could face criminal charges</a>. The firm's attack dogs&nbsp;bit protesters&nbsp;at a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2016/09/06/dakota-access-pipeline-sacred-sites-federal-judge" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">heated Labor Day weekend protest</a>.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Law enforcement and private security at the North Dakota pipeline protests have&nbsp;<a href="http://www.mynewsletterbuilder.com/email/newsletter/1412762216" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">faced criticism</a>&nbsp;for maintaining a&nbsp;<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2016/10/video-dakota-access-pipeline-protest-absolutely-nuts-total-war-zone" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">militarized presence</a>&nbsp;in the area. The American Civil Liberties Union (<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">ACLU</span>) and National Lawyer's Guild have&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nlg.org/nlg-and-aclu-submit-foia-and-open-records-requests-to-investigate-unconstitutional-surveillance-of-water-protectors-at-standing-rock/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">filed multiple open records requests</a>&nbsp;to learn more about the extent of this militarization, and&nbsp;<a href="https://act.credoaction.com/sign/dapl_assault/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">over 133,000 citizens</a>&nbsp;have signed a petition calling for the&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">U.S.</span>&nbsp;Department of Justice to intervene and quell the&nbsp;backlash.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">The Federal Aviation Administration has&nbsp;<a href="http://tfr.faa.gov/save_pages/detail_6_7258.html#areas" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">also implemented a no-fly zone</a>, which bars anyone but law enforcement from flying within a 4-mile radius and 3500 feet above the ground in the protest area. Dallas Goldtooth,&nbsp;an organizer on the scenes in North Dakota with the Indigenous Environmental Network,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/dallasgoldtooth/posts/10105870218846183" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">said on Facebook that</a>&nbsp;“<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">DAPL</span>&nbsp;private security planes and choppers were flying all day” within the designated no-fly&nbsp;zone.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Donnell Hushka, the designated public information officer for the North Dakota Tactical Operation Center, which is tasked with overseeing the no-fly zone, did not respond to repeated queries about designated private entities allowed to fly in no-fly zone&nbsp;airspace.</p><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif">What&nbsp;is&nbsp;TigerSwan?</h3><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><a href="http://www.tigerswan.com/contact/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">TigerSwan has offices</a>&nbsp;in Iraq, Afghanistan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, India, and Latin America and has headquarters in North Carolina. In the past year, TigerSwan won two&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">U.S.</span>&nbsp;Department of State contracts worth over $7 million to operate in Afghanistan, according to&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">USAS</span>pending.gov.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">TigerSwan, however,&nbsp;claims on its website that&nbsp;the contract is worth&nbsp;$25 million, and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.tigerswan.com/tigerswan-wins-state-department-award/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">said in a press release</a>&nbsp;that the State Department contract called for the company&nbsp;to “monitor, assess, and advise current and future nation building and stability initiatives in Afghanistan.” Since 2008, TigerSwan has won about&nbsp;<a href="https://apps.usaspending.gov/AdvancedSearch?SenderId=47516812&SPHostUrl=https%3a%2f%2fwww.usaspending.gov&SearchPageURL=%2fPages%2fAdvancedSearch.aspx&AwardSummaryPageURL=%2fTransparency%2fPages%2fAwardSummary.aspx&fromDB=false&sub=y&ST=C,G,L,O&FY=2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008&A=0&SS=USA&k=tigerswan&pidx=1&SB=AD&SD=DESC#" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">$57.7 million</a>&nbsp;worth of&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">U.S.</span>&nbsp;government contracts and subcontracts for security&nbsp;services.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Company founder and&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">CEO</span>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.tigerswan.com/meet-team/leadership/james-reese/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">James Reese</a>, a veteran of the elite&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Force" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Army Delta Force</a>, served as the “lead advisor for Special Operations to the Director of the&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">CIA</span>&nbsp;for planning, operations and integration for the invasion of Afghanistan and Operation Enduring Freedom” in Iraq, according to his company biography. Army Delta partakes in mostly covert and high-stakes missions and is part of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);"><span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">U.S.</span>&nbsp;Joint Special Operations Command (<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">JSOC</span>)</a>,&nbsp;the latter well known for killing Osama Bin&nbsp;Laden.&nbsp;</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">One of TigerSwan's advisory board members, Charles Pittman, has direct ties to the oil and gas industry. Pittman “served as President of Amoco Egypt Oil Company, Amoco Eurasia Petroleum Company, and Regional President&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">BP</span>&nbsp;Amoco plc. (covering the Middle East, the Caspian Sea region, Egypt, and India),”&nbsp;<a href="http://clients.fwv-us.com/development/tigerswan-v2/meet-team/board-advisors/charles-pittman/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">according to his company biography</a>.</p><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif">“Sad, But Not&nbsp;Surprising”</h3><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Investigative journalist Jeremy Scahill&nbsp;<a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2009/8/20/reports_private_military_firm_blackwater_was" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">told Democracy Now! in a 2009 interview</a>&nbsp;that TigerSwan did some covert operations work with Blackwater&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">USA</span>, dubbed the “<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Blackwater-Rise-Worlds-Powerful-Mercenary-ebook/dp/B0097CYTYA" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">world's most powerful mercenary army</a>” in his book by the same name. Blackwater has also guarded oil pipelines in central Asia,&nbsp;<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vpo5E5JagJEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=blackwater+usa+pipeline&source=bl&ots=dhmgUHcM3u&sig=atRA5zNDt4G0zxMUCSls4IvSiQg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbu6nnhPrPAhWIwiYKHRAxCmgQ6AEIXTAJ#v=onepage&q=blackwater%20usa%20pipeline&f=false" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">according to Scahill's book</a>.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><a href="http://newsok.com/article/feed/113678" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Reese advised Blackwater</a>&nbsp;and took a leave of absence from TigerSwan in 2008 in the aftermath of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisour_Square_massacre" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Nisour Square Massacre</a>, a shooting in Iraq conducted by Blackwater officers which saw 17 Iraqi civilians killed. TigerSwan has a&nbsp;<a href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tigerswan-announces-strategic-alliance-with-iraqi-security-company-61992847.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">business relationship</a>&nbsp;with&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160109141143/http://besc.net/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">Babylon Eagles Security Company</a>, a private security firm headquartered in Iraq which also has had&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127030611/http://besc.net/clients.htm" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">business ties with Blackwater</a>.</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">“It is sad, but not surprising, that this firm has ties to the&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">US</span>&nbsp;interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq,” Medea Benjamin, co-founder of the women-led peace group&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="font-size: 0.9em;">CODEPINK</span>&nbsp;and the co-founder of the human rights group Global Exchange, told DeSmog. “It is another terrifying example of how our violent interventions abroad come home to haunt us in the form of repression and violation of our civil&nbsp;rights.”</p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; font-family: " open="open" sans="sans" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">The North Dakota Bureau of Criminal Investigation and the Private Investigation and Security Board are also&nbsp;<a href="http://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/investigators-dog-handlers-were-not-licensed-to-work-security/article_4414ac82-191b-516a-bdd7-a4d0ff635247.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 153, 204);">conducting parallel investigations</a>&nbsp;to the one recently completed by Morton&nbsp;County. TigerSwan did not comment on questions posed about their&nbsp;contract.</p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2016/11/21/jeremy_scahill_tigerswan_security_linked_to"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.democracynow.org/2016/11/21/jeremy_scahill_tigerswan_security_linked_to</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">W<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">e speak with Intercept co-founder Jeremy Scahill, who has spent years reporting on private security contractors such as the private security firm TigerSwan, which has links to the now-defunct mercenary firm Blackwater and is in charge of coordinating intelligence for the Dakota Access pipeline company. He discusses the company’s track record as more than 100 Native Americans and allies fighting the $3.8 billion Dakota Access pipeline have been injured by police in North Dakota. Many were attacked with rubber bullets, tear gas, mace canisters and water cannons in freezing temperatures. The attack began after the water protectors attempted to clear access to a public bridge, which has been blocked by authorities using military equipment chained to concrete barriers.</span></font></div><div class="story_summary" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><hr class="hidden-xs" style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 1px; margin: 40px 0px; border: none; clear: both; background: rgb(236, 238, 239);" /></div><div class="mobile_anchor_target" id="transcript" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h5 class="transcript" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; line-height: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Transcript</font></h5><div class="text" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 27px; letter-spacing: -0.2px;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JUAN</span>&nbsp;GONZÁLEZ:</strong>&nbsp;This is&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Democracy Now!</em>, democracynow.org,&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The War and Peace Report</em>. I’m Juan González, in for Amy Goodman. Amy is on assignment.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In North Dakota, more than 100 Native Americans and allies fighting the $3.8 billion Dakota Access pipeline have been injured by police who attacked them with rubber bullets, tear gas, mace canisters and water cannons in freezing temperatures Sunday night. The attack began after the water protectors attempted to clear access to a public bridge, which has been blocked by authorities using military equipment chained to concrete barriers. Legal observers with the National Lawyers Guild said multiple people temporarily lost consciousness after being shot. Witnesses say one elder also went into cardiac arrest and was revived on the scene by medics. Many people were treated for hypothermia after being hit by water cannons in freezing temperatures. Water protectors say the police also fired rubber bullets at journalists, shot down drones being used to document the attack. Both the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe sent medical first aid responders. This is Angela Bibens, a lawyer with the Red Owl Legal Collective, speaking in a telephone interview recorded by Dallas Goldtooth Sunday.</font></p><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 30px; border-left: 3px solid rgb(241, 242, 243);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ANGELA</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">BIBENS</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Right now we’ve seen people who have been maced. They deployed 20 mace canisters in a small area in less than five minutes, to the point where people have lost bowel function. At least one seizure has been witnessed at the front lines by our legal observation team. There have been people vomiting from the exposure to the mace. The water cannon has been mixed with the mace, and so even our legal observers have been exposed and are trying to deal with that while they’re doing up their notes. And canisters were shot at the medic area at the front line. There is at least one woman who has a broken kneecap. At least one elder went into cardiac arrest and was revived through&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">CPR</span>&nbsp;at the front line by medics.</font></p></blockquote><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JUAN</span>&nbsp;GONZÁLEZ:</strong>&nbsp;Sunday’s attack comes as water protectors face an increasingly militarized crackdown against the movement to stop the Dakota Access pipeline over concerns the construction will destroy sacred tribal burial sites and that a pipeline spill could contaminate the Missouri River. The state of North Dakota has approved $10 million to police the ongoing resistance. North Dakota Governor Jack Dalrymple has activated the National Guard. Over 400 people have been arrested during the ongoing protests, and many report being subjected to strip searches while in the Morton County jail in North Dakota.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The water protectors have also faced attacks and surveillance from private security companies working for the Dakota Access pipeline company. On September 3rd, unlicensed private security guards unleashed attack dogs on Native Americans trying to protect a tribal burial site from destruction. The private security firm TigerSwan security is in charge of coordinating intelligence for the Dakota Access pipeline company.<b> TigerSwan has links to the now-defunct mercenary firm Blackwater</b>.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For more, we’re joined by&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Intercept</em>&nbsp;reporter Jeremy Scahill, who has spent years reporting on private security contractors, including TigerSwan.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Welcome back, Jeremy. What about the situation in North Dakota?</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JEREMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">SCAHILL</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Well, I mean—well, first of all, let’s remember that we’re speaking a week when there’s the big American holiday, Thanksgiving, and I always think of the slaughter of the indigenous people in this country around this time of year and people like <b>Leonard Peltier</b>, the political prisoner who—unfortunately, it seems like yet another president is going to leave office without pardoning Leonard Peltier. But to watch what we’re seeing come out of the protesters on this—the protectors on this indigenous land, facing down against environmental-destroying companies, you know, really brings home the kind of utter hypocrisy of the narrative about the United States of America. But also, if you look at the way that these indigenous people and their supporters are being treated versus the Bundy ranchers, you know, who didn’t occupy their native land—they went and they took over federal land with weapons and ended up getting acquitted, including of the charges that they were very clearly guilty of, which is all these weapons possession charges—and it makes you wonder, if this is the state of affairs under President Obama, who actually has visited Native reservations and Native territories, what’s going to happen under Trump?</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And this firm, TigerSwan, was founded by a Delta Force operative named James Reese and has done voluminous amounts of covert and overt work for the U.S. military in Iraq, in Afghanistan and elsewhere around the world. And, you know, you realize that you have this convergence of all that has been so wrong in the post-9/11 world, with these big environment-destroying companies, the stripping even further of indigenous rights, private security forces, the brutality against protesters, the paramilitarization of law enforcement. And now our incoming president—I still feel strange saying that—Donald Trump also has business connections to the pipeline project? Is he going to divest? Is he going to—I mean, like, this is going to go from the level of Obama just being, you know, really bad on these policies to Trump actively trying to make it worse for the environment.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><strong style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JUAN</span>&nbsp;GONZÁLEZ:</strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;Well, in a recent interview, the head of the company behind the Dakota Access pipeline, Kelcy Warren of Energy Transfer Partners, said he’s 100 percent confident that Trump will support the completion of the Dakota Access pipeline. Kelcy Warren has donated more than $100,000 to Trump’s campaign, while Trump himself gas between $500,000 and a million dollars invested in Energy Transfer Partners, according to his own disclosures.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JEREMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">SCAHILL</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Oh, no, and I remember, you know, you and I were talking about this back when—you know, when Cheney was coming in, and then we were talking about Enron, and we were talking about the people that they put on their commission about energy. You know, Trump’s choice of who he’s going to put in as energy secretary or secretary of the interior—they’re even talking about potentially Sarah Palin being the interior secretary. But, you know, I don’t know, was like, you know, Ronald McDonald not available? I mean, it’s really sick, some of the people. You know, putting Mike Huckabee in charge of health and human services, a guy who said that abortion is like worse than the Holocaust? And, I mean, it really feels like we’re watching a not-so-slowly moving train wreck in this country right now.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JUAN</span>&nbsp;GONZÁLEZ:</strong>&nbsp;Or even floating the idea that Joe Arpaio, who’s just been voted out as Maricopa County sheriff, would become head of homeland security.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JEREMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">SCAHILL</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Right.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JUAN</span>&nbsp;GONZÁLEZ:</strong>&nbsp;Although at 82 years old, I doubt that he wants to come to Washington.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><strong style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JEREMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">SCAHILL</span>:</strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Yeah. It would be an amusing, you know, Senate confirmation hearing. I mean, what’s potentially more likely, but in the same category, is Sheriff </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">David Clarke of Milwaukee County, who has, you know, said—called Black Lives Matter—he’s African-American himself, but has called Black Lives Matter subhuman, has said that there is no such thing as police brutality, who led the chants of “Blue lives matter” at the Republican National Convention and is a regular on Bill O’Reilly’s show and others on—and Hannity on Fox News.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Juan, one thing I forgot to mention when we were talking about the Cabinet that Trump is putting together on the national security level, we should remember that national security adviser is not Senate-confirmed. And it’s an extraordinarily powerful position that is—has definitions going back to 1947, but basically is like a parallel, unaccountable national security apparatus, and it’s very secretive how it operates, and it’s up to the whims of a particular administration. But also, Flynn and Mattis, if Mattis is to be defense secretary, would require waivers to be issued for them, because you’re not allowed to go from uniform within the last seven years to a civilian position without a waiver from Congress. Why is that? It’s because there has to be chain of command where civilians are directing the military; otherwise, you start to veer into territory of a military dictatorship or a military state. And it seems like that’s part of what Trump actually wants. It could be coincidence that these guys were just recent military people. But you do have to, because it’s Trump, take into account the possibility that he really does want what amounts to a dictatorship of the executive branch, where these policies actually are dictated by the military and not necessarily the civilian chain of command, outside of him and Pence.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JUAN</span>&nbsp;GONZÁLEZ:</strong>&nbsp;I think we have about a minute left, but, Jeremy, I wanted to ask you, in terms of the—you reached out to the Morton County Sheriff’s Office to try to get some information on the private security firms. What happened?</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JEREMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">SCAHILL</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Well, the Morton County sheriffs, they released documents, internal documents, about their investigation into the dog handlers. And what they inadvertently revealed was that this company, TigerSwan, run by these Delta Force guys, was actually in charge of coordinating the intelligence operations against the protesters.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One word of advice to all the protesters there: Do not believe that your cellphones or your computers are clean and uncompromised. I guarantee you that they’re using the entire suite of surveillance devices. I know that people have been complaining that their cellphones have been down, their internet has been down. That can be caused by surveillance weaponry targeting their devices. It could be because there are so many people using them. But my guess would be that they are using people’s devices, meaning law enforcement and private security, as geo-tracking devices. And people should be very aware that the full&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">CIA</span>/<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">NSA</span>-developed suite of tools that now have made it into the hands of local law enforcement in this country are most certainly trained on those activists and their supporters.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JUAN</span>&nbsp;GONZÁLEZ:</strong>&nbsp;OK, well, I want to thank you for being with us.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JEREMY</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">SCAHILL</span>:</strong>&nbsp;Thanks, Juan.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 30px 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">JUAN</span>&nbsp;GONZÁLEZ:</strong>&nbsp;Jeremy Scahill, co-founder of&nbsp;<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Intercept</em>, where his most recent&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/15/mike-pence-will-be-the-most-powerful-christian-supremacist-in-us-history/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; border: 0px;">article</a>&nbsp;is headlined “Mike Pence Will Be the Most Powerful Christian Supremacist in U.S. History.”</font></p></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><a href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/01/03/tigerswan-loses-bid-for-attorney-fees-in-north-dakota-case"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/01/03/tigerswan-loses-bid-for-attorney-fees-in-north-dakota-case</font></a></div><div><div class="content_social" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; order: 3; margin: 0px auto; display: flex; width: 600px; max-width: 50rem; top: 0px; position: sticky;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><div class="shareSocialButtons hList" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; width: 600px; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; padding: 0.5rem 0px 0px 0.5rem; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);"><h3 class="hdg hdg-5" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 15px 15px 0px; vertical-align: middle; list-style: none; line-height: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></h3></div></div><div class="content_body userContent" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; order: 4; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 50rem; line-height: 1.5; font-family: " noto="Noto" serif="serif" georgia="Georgia" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color"><p style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A North Dakota judge has refused to award attorney fees to a North Carolina security company that won a court case in the wake of protests over the Dakota Access oil pipeline.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">North Dakota's Private Investigative and Security Board sued TigerSwan in 2017,&nbsp;alleging the company that handled security for the pipeline developer illegally operated without a state license.</font></p><div class="apm-related-list" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 2em 0px; font-family: Roboto, " helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" clear="clear" both="both"><div class="apm-related-list-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><ul class="apm-related-list-body" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none;"><li class="apm-related-link" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 0px 25px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; clear: left; position: relative;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="apm-related-link-prefix" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em; font-weight: 700;">October:</span><a href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/10/23/lawsuit-filed-over-highway-shutdown-during-pipeline-protest" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; fill: rgb(0, 51, 78); transition: color 0.175s ease 0s, fill 0.175s ease 0s;">Lawsuit filed over highway shutdown during pipeline protest</a></font></li></ul></div><p style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Judge John Grinsteiner dismissed the case,&nbsp;and TigerSwan sought reimbursement for at least $165,000 in attorney fees.&nbsp;Grinsteiner last month rejected the request,&nbsp;saying the board's case wasn't frivolous even though the board lost.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan hasn't decided whether to appeal.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The board has appealed the dismissal of its case to the state Supreme Court and also is seeking up to $2 million in fines against TigerSwan through an&nbsp;<a href="https://apnews.com/c8b36ee95bcd477096fac936d2ff01b2" style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; fill: rgb(0, 51, 78); transition: color 0.175s ease 0s, fill 0.175s ease 0s;">administrative complaint</a>.</font></p></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PART 1</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>Leaked Documents Reveal Counterterrorism Tactics Used at Standing Rock to “Defeat Pipeline Insurgencies”</div><div>
</div><div>PART 2</div><div>Standing Rock Documents Expose Inner Workings of “Surveillance-Industrial Complex”</div><div>
</div><div>PART 3</div><div>As Standing Rock Camps Cleared Out, TigerSwan Expanded Surveillance to Array of Progressive Causes</div><div>
</div><div>PART 4</div><div>Dakota Access-Style Policing Moves to Pennsylvania’s Mariner East 2 Pipeline</div><div>
</div><div>PART 5</div><div>TigerSwan Faces Lawsuit Over Unlicensed Security Operations in North Dakota</div><div>
</div><div>PART 6</div><div>TigerSwan Responded to Pipeline Vandalism by Launching Multistate Dragnet</div><div>
</div><div>PART 7</div><div>Police Used Private Security Aircraft for Surveillance in Standing Rock No-Fly Zone</div><div><a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/09/29/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-dapl-no-fly-zone-drones-tigerswan/">https://theintercept.com/2017/09/29/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-dapl-no-fly-zone-drones-tigerswan/</a></div><div>
</div><div>PART 8</div><div>Law Enforcement Descended On Standing Rock A Year Ago And Changed the DAPL Fight Forever</div><div>
</div><div>PART 9</div><div>Dakota Access Pipeline Company Paid Mercenaries to Build Conspiracy Lawsuit Against Environmentalists</div><div>
</div><div>PART 10</div><div>
</div><div><a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/12/11/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-fbi-informant-red-fawn-fallis/">https://theintercept.com/2017/12/11/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-fbi-informant-red-fawn-fallis/</a></div><div>
</div><div>An Activist Stands Accused of Firing a Gun at Standing Rock. It Belonged to Her Lover — an FBI Informant.</div><div>
</div><div>PART 11</div><div>A Native American Activist Followed Her Mother’s Footsteps to Standing Rock. Now She Faces Years in Prison.</div><div>
</div><div>PART 12</div><div>From North Dakota to Puerto Rico, Controversial Security Firm Profits From Oil Protests and Climate Disasters</div><div><a href="https://theintercept.com/2018/03/12/tigerswan-dapl-private-security-climate-disaster-response/">https://theintercept.com/2018/03/12/tigerswan-dapl-private-security-climate-disaster-response/</a></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>PART 13</div><div>A TigerSwan Employee Quietly Registered a New Business in Louisiana After the State Denied the Security Firm a License to Operate</div><div>
</div><div>PART 14</div><div>Standing Rock Activist Accused of Firing Gun Registered to FBI Informant Is Sentenced to Nearly Five Years in Prison</div><div>
</div><div>PART 15</div><div>How an Undercover Oil Industry Mercenary Tricked Pipeline Opponents Into Believing He Was One of Them</div><div>
</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PART 7</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Police Used Private Security Aircraft for Surveillance in Standing Rock No-Fly Zone</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/09/29/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-dapl-no-fly-zone-drones-tigerswan/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://theintercept.com/2017/09/29/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-dapl-no-fly-zone-drones-tigerswan/</font></a></div></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">at&nbsp;<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.1em; box-shadow: white 0px 1px 0px, rgb(17, 17, 17) 0px 4px 0px; text-transform: uppercase;">THE HEIGHT</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;">&nbsp;</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;">of the movement to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline’s construction last fall, the Federal Aviation Administration imposed a rare “temporary flight restriction,” also known as a no-fly zone, covering nearly 154 square miles of airspace above the pipeline resistance. The no-fly zone — a response to the activities of indigenous drone pilots, whose aerial videos documenting the struggle at Standing Rock drew large social media followings — was approved from October 25 to November 4 in 2016 and renewed twice to cover a smaller area, remaining in effect until December 13.</span></font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em; word-spacing: -0.25em;" andale="Andale" mono="Mono" monospace="monospace" font-size="font-size" em="em"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[video:drone footage by Dean Dedman, a member of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe</font></span></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Documents obtained via&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/09/29/faa-standing-rock-no-fly-zone-foia-documents/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">open records requests</a>, as well as material from court cases, reveal new details about how the FAA and state agencies helped police and private security companies wrest control of the airspace above the NoDAPL resistance from indigenous water protectors.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Following the flight ban, the media was no longer permitted to use aircraft to cover the events without undergoing a review process. According to the FAA’s no-fly&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/09/29/faa-standing-rock-no-fly-zone-foia-documents/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">order</a>, “Only relief aircraft ops under direction of North Dakota Tactical Operations Center [were] authorized in the airspace.” Meanwhile, aircraft&nbsp;operated by Dakota Access Pipeline security officials continued to fly over the area to conduct surveillance. The FAA confirmed to The Intercept that the flights would have been legal&nbsp;only if the private security aircraft were participating in a law enforcement action. Prosecutors have used footage from those flights as&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/09/29/derek-j-hill-affidavit/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">evidence</a>&nbsp;in felony cases brought against pipeline opponents, displaying an unusual and troubling partnership between the private security operatives and law enforcement.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As The Intercept has&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/series/tigerswan-tactics/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">previously reported</a>, pipeline builder Energy Transfer Partners hired the shadowy mercenary firm TigerSwan in September 2016 to oversee its security operation. TigerSwan moved quickly to establish a collaborative relationship with law enforcement. The Intercept received more than 100 leaked documents from a TigerSwan contractor describing those efforts in detail, along with DAPL security’s broader strategy of using aerial surveillance, infiltration, and social media monitoring to counter the water protector movement. TigerSwan, which began as a military and State Department contractor, frequently used the language of counterterrorism to&nbsp;inflate threat assessments, at times comparing the water protectors to jihadi insurgents.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Court documents confirm that DAPL security personnel were coordinating their flights with state agencies. In a police report concerning a highly militarized October 27 police raid during the no-fly period, Lt. Cody Trom of the Bismarck Police Department wrote that a team of officers assigned to clear protesters from a bridge at County Road 134 included a “DAPL air asset.” A spokesperson for the Morton County Sheriff’s Department, one of the agencies leading the police response at Standing Rock, told The Intercept, “DAPL was not deputized.” The spokesperson did confirm, however, that law enforcement personnel were present on DAPL aircraft. “During no-fly zone periods, a law enforcement officer was always on board the helicopter. The helicopter was flown by a private contractor, and a law enforcement officer accompanied him to conduct aerial surveillance.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As the temporary flight restriction went into effect, at least one DAPL security aircraft circled the airspace above the police raid on October 27, photographing water protectors and coordinating with police.<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp;</strong></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The DAPL photos from that day have become key evidence in a federal felony case accusing five indigenous men of helping set fire to barricades on North Dakota County Road 134. If convicted, they each face a mandatory minimum sentence of 10 years in prison.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a January 24&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/09/29/derek-j-hill-affidavit/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none;">affidavit</a>&nbsp;and in a later court hearing, Special Agent Derek Hill of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives described how he identified at least two of the defendants, Michael Markus and Brennon Nastacio. “While law enforcement was conducting their operation, a helicopter that was being utilized by the Dakota Access Pipeline was monitoring the situation from the air,” Hill wrote in the affidavit. “A passenger in the helicopter was utilizing a digital camera to document the operation, and these digital photos were provided to law enforcement.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“From a constitutional standpoint, landowners and others who have property rights have every right to show the police evidence that someone has trespassed on their land,” says Lee Rowland, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU’s Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project. “But if this instead amounted to deputizing a private company to take aerial surveillance of protesters on public property, including streets, and snitch on them to the police, that’s deeply problematic.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to water protectors, a DAPL helicopter frequently strayed from Dakota Access property. “The yellow helicopter that we’d identified as being DAPL’s flew to the south of DAPL property lots of times on October 27,” says <b>Dallas Goldtooth</b> of the Indigenous Environmental Network, who often filmed and livestreamed from the water protector camps in North Dakota.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A spokesperson for the North Dakota Department of Emergency Services did not respond to a request for comment. Vicki Granado, a spokesperson for Energy Transfer Partners, told the Intercept, “We are thankful for the professionalism and the services provided by all the law enforcement teams that were on the ground in North Dakota that ensured the safety not only of our employees, but the safety of those who live and work in the Mandan area. Beyond that, we do not comment on our security programs.” TigerSwan did not respond to inquiries.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/10/27/law-enforcement-descended-on-standing-rock-a-year-ago-and-changed-the-dapl-fight-forever/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://theintercept.com/2017/10/27/law-enforcement-descended-on-standing-rock-a-year-ago-and-changed-the-dapl-fight-forever/</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx pix vido&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Part 8</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">No other incident during Standing Rock better illustrates the collaboration between police and private security in suppressing the NoDAPL movement.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">VIEW A TIMELINE OF EVENTS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;EXPAND ALL PARTS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ONE YEAR AGO today, on October 27, 2016, hundreds of law enforcement officers descended on a small resistance camp that stood directly in the path of the Dakota Access Pipeline, forcibly evicting residents and <b>arresting 142 people </b>— more than on any other day in the 11-month-long Standing Rock struggle. Seven people, all Native American, were slapped with rare federal charges, and additional cases stemming from the raid continue to move through the North Dakota legal system.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Although it was not the most violent confrontation between the pipeline resistance and law enforcement, no other incident better illustrates the collaboration between federal, local, and state police and private security in suppressing the NoDAPL movement, nor would any be as symbolic of the historic proportions of the native-led fight. A year later, two other pipeline fights — against Enbridge Line 3 and Keystone XL — are brewing nearby in South Dakota, Nebraska, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. As indigenous leaders in those fights stand again on treaty rights against the pipelines, the October 27 standoff and the eviction of Treaty Camp have become a roadmap for both water protectors and law enforcement as they prepare for battles to come.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Intercept has obtained hours of police bodycam and aerial footage, as well as photographs, audio recordings, and a large set of incident reports describing police activities during the October 27 raid. That material, selections of which appear below, along with interviews with more than a dozen water protectors who were present that day, paints the most detailed picture yet of the most dramatic standoff between indigenous people and U.S. police forces in over four decades.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[oil-and-water-1-1509138758</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A view of the 1851 Treaty Camp ahead of the October 27, 2016 police raid that put an end to it. Photo: Law enforcement photo]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Drive north on Highway 1806 through the Standing Rock Sioux reservation, cross the Cannonball River, and you enter unceded treaty territory — land indigenous people never agreed to relinquish.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Immediately north of the river begins federal land controlled by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, where the largest<b> Dakota Access Pipeline resistance camp, known as Oceti Sakowin</b>, was located for seven months beginning in August 2016. Just north of there, the Dakota Access Pipeline now crosses the highway.<b> Energy Transfer Partners bought the property on either side of the road, known as </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Cannonball Ranch</b>. The legality of its sale to ETP is questionable under a North Dakota law that blocks corporations from buying agricultural land. But North Dakota law aside, native historians say, that land should never have been for sale: It belongs to the Sioux. If the Fort Laramie treaties in 1851 and 1868 had been honored, the site would still be controlled by the Great Sioux Nation.</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For water protectors, the fight against the pipeline was only the latest episode in two centuries of native resistance to U.S. government incursion into the northern Great Plains, part of a lineage that includes the 1876 Battle of Greasy Grass, where indigenous people defeated the U.S. 7th Cavalry in defense of their treaty rights to South Dakota’s Black Hills; the 1890 massacre at Wounded Knee, where as many as 300 Lakota people were killed by U.S. soldiers; and the 1973 occupation of Wounded Knee, where armed members of the American Indian Movement faced off with federal agents in protest of a corrupt local government and the U.S. government’s legacy of broken treaties.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This latest confrontation was not supposed to involve guns — the water protectors were mostly committed to unarmed opposition — but it did invoke that bloody history.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Law enforcement planned to evict the <b>Treaty Camp </b>on October 26, but a soupy fog descended on the hills. A small envoy of local, state, and federal officers drove toward the blockade that water protectors had erected on the highway to keep police out.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">They were greeted by Mekasi Camp Horinek, a member of the Ponca tribe from Oklahoma, whose uncle Carter Camp helped organize the Wounded Knee occupation in 1973. He was joined by several other pipeline opponents.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The negotiators talked in circles, with Horinek and his companions returning repeatedly to the issue of the Fort Laramie treaties, which law enforcement repeatedly argued was not their jurisdiction.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“So is this about water and oil, or is this about 140 years?” Cass County Sheriff Paul Laney</b> replied, referring to the Great Sioux War, which ended with the U.S. government’s annexation of the sacred Black Hills.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Everything. All of that. We’ve had enough. We’ve had enough,” one of the water protectors said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As the conversation broke down, Horinek declared, “Highway 1806 is now a no-surrender line, and that camp is no retreat.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“That’s your final word?” Laney asked.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“That’s the final word,” Horinek replied.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Police recording of negotiations between pipeline opponents and law enforcement officials on Oct. 26, 2016.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reflecting on that day nearly a year later, Horinek explained that the experiences of native people 140 years ago are impossible to disentangle from the poverty and environmental contamination seen across Indian Country today.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">To him, the October 27 raid was a visible reminder that the past is present. “I wanted the world to see this <b>militarized </b>force coming in like it’s the 1800s with their gatling guns and their advanced weaponry,” he told The Intercept. “I wanted pictures of them slashing those teepees; I wanted pictures of them pulling open those teepees and arresting families.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Law enforcement officials tear down a tent at Treaty Camp on Oct. 27 2016.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the weeks preceding the founding of the Treaty Camp, direct action had become a daily ritual for residents of the resistance camps nearby. On some mornings, convoys of cars carrying water protectors would weave through the hills toward construction sites or government buildings identified as protest targets. A team of lawyers stood at the ready to assist those who were arrested and detained. But the temperature was dropping below freezing at night. Winter would doubtlessly sap energy from the movement.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Meanwhile, scouts and drones sent out into the hills were returning with reports that the construction was getting closer to the highway crossing and to the river.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Water protectors felt a growing sense of urgency.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joye Braun came to the NoDAPL movement already a veteran pipeline fighter. She was involved with a Keystone XL opposition camp on South Dakota’s Cheyenne River Sioux reservation. After Obama’s State Department denied Keystone XL a key permit, putting it to a halt, Braun became the first person to pitch a teepee at the first DAPL resistance camp, called Sacred Stone.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The only way you can stop a pipeline when it gets that drastic is to go in front of it,” Braun said. “This was our land. This is our land.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">map-regional_06-1509137955 The Dakota Access Pipeline cuts through land that by treaty belonged to the Great Sioux Nation, which was later confined to reservations like Standing Rock. The clashes on October 27, 2016, took place in the area indicated in red above. Source: Forensic Architecture, 2017]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>According to treaties signed between the U.S. government and indigenous nations in the 19th century, Cannonball Ranch — the land DAPL eventually purchased — should have never been for sale.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">That’s because the pipeline route cuts through land that the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty, intended to buy peace and safe passage for settlers moving through the area, established as belonging to the Sioux. In 1868, the treaty was superseded by a second treaty that established the Great Sioux reservation. But while that treaty created a reservation whose borders were further south, it also determined that the land DAPL bought was “unceded Indian territory” — a designation that holds to this day, despite the beliefs of some U.S. elected officials.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Unceded land is land that was never given over or conceded; it’s essentially stolen land,” Nick Estes, a Lakota historian, told The Intercept. Cannonball Ranch, specifically, was “illegally settled,” Estes said, and acquired as private property through squatters’ rights.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Only an act of Congress can abridge a treaty, opening unceded territory for non-native settlement, Estes said — but that never happened with this particular land, the status of which remains disputed. Disputes over unceded land have arisen before — most notably over the Black Hills, which resulted in a 1980 Supreme Court decision that offered a monetary settlement as reparation for the settled land — but no actual land restitution. Indigenous people have refused to take that money.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Turning private land back into indigenous land … is near impossible,” said Estes. “Private property always trumps indigenous land rights, and that’s just how the federal system works.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“People think … oh, that was back in the 1800s, and that was a long time ago, and those don’t have any merit today,” said Braun. “That’s my land, that’s the Lakota and Dakota people of this territory.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Native American activist Joye Braun — the first person to pitch a teepee at the first DAPL resistance camp </b>— talks to The Intercept about the fight for her native land.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On October 23, Braun moved her teepee to what would become the Treaty Camp. But she never doubted that a police confrontation was imminent. Two days earlier, police had moved their staging area from the Mandan airport, a 40-minute drive from the heart of the protests, to Fort Rice, 10 minutes away.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I think every night I only got about an hour of sleep because we were constantly under threat of them moving in,” Braun said. “There were constant rumors — they’re coming, they’re coming, they’re coming.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Then, on the morning of October 27, “They came marching in.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Law enforcement officials training in darkness.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To Morton County Sheriff Kyle Kirchmeier, whose department led the law enforcement response to the pipeline protests, treaty enforcement is the federal government’s job. “I understand the treaties and what that’s about,” he told The Intercept.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“This was a federal problem from the beginning of it,” he said, adding, “We as the county officials can’t do anything about it.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“That’s the irony of it,” Estes said. “County sheriffs and any law enforcement officials are supposed to uphold federal law and the Constitution, and in the Constitution, it says that the treaties are the supreme law of the land.”</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nonetheless, Kirchmeier would lead some 300 officers to clear the Treaty Camp on October 27.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Morton County Sheriff Kyle Kirchmeier tells The Intercept about the various law enforcement agencies that came together on Oct. 27 and the tools they used, including LRADs, Tasers and OC spray.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It wasn’t just local police that would join the operation. In August, North Dakota’s Department of Emergency Services activated the<b> Emergency Management Assistance Compact, </b>which allows states to import police from other states. On October 27, 97 out-of-state officers participated in the raid – approximately a third of the force.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">An array of federal agencies was involved, too. Ninety federal law enforcement officials from various agencies had taken part in monitoring the DAPL resistance by October 23, police records show — and 14 of them took part in the October 27 operations, according to police. Meanwhile, the law enforcement Emergency Operations Center in Bismarck, established to respond to the DAPL protests, hosted daily meetings that included intelligence officers from the FBI, Department of Homeland Security, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and other agencies.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Still, after more than two months of DAPL demonstrations, police felt under-resourced, frustrated that the federal government refused to take control of the situation by making a final decision on the pipeline or sending more support.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This would be one of the largest operations the multi-agency force had carried out. “The biggest concern is that there were several hundred individuals that were camped out on private property, and that could not continue,” Sheriff Kirchmeier said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1. On the morning of October 27, 2016, as law enforcement officers moved to clear the 1851 Treaty Camp, water protectors set up barricades on Highway 1806 and County Road 134, in an effort to halt their advance. 2. Police slowly moved down Highway 1806, arresting dozens of water protectors and forcing them to retreat. 3. At County Road 134, a group of water protectors set a barricade on fire before retreating. 4. Kyle Thompson, a DAPL security guard armed with an AR-15 semi-automatic rifle, drove his track at high speed towards one of the camps, before being pushed off the road and chased into the water by a group of water protectors. Source: Forensic Architecture, 2017</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Treaty Camp would be defended at two front lines: </b>on Highway 1806, where water protectors set up a barricade directly north of the camp, and on County Road 134, a dirt road that bisects the highway south of Treaty Camp and north of Oceti Sakowin Camp. Water protectors suspected police would use the dirt road to cut off access to the larger camp, where thousands of water protectors had stayed behind.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Desiree Kane, a Miwok freelance reporter who stayed at the resistance camps from May to December 2016, approached County Road 134 as the standoff with police began. Within hours, barricades were set ablaze in between the water protectors and the police.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Despite the flames, Kane said, “There was an overwhelming sense of calm.” Singers sang prayer songs to the beat of a hand drum. On the hills, horse riders looked down on the gathering. “I think it’s portrayed as mayhem, but that’s not what I witnessed.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">]oil-and-water-2-1509138761</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In an attempt to halt advancing police, water protectors blocked County Road 134 by setting a makeshift barricade on fire. Photo:Law enforcement photo]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At Highway 1806, however, arguments had broken out about whether to allow police to extinguish a barricade fire that was sending smoke billowing into the hills. Horinek backed away from his cry of “No surrender; no retreat.” Despite objections, he pushed people back, allowing police to inch forward. “I think had we not slowly pulled back that there would have been loss of life on October 27, 2016,” he said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Soon, law enforcement began deploying pepper spray, Tasers, rubber bullets, sound cannons, and batons against water protectors.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Frank Archambault, a Standing Rock tribal member and member of a camp security group, found himself pleading with water protectors to avoid provoking police. “We’re all the time trying to stop them from throwing stuff, so they don’t have an excuse to shoot those people,” he said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[Pipeline protesters throw objects at law enforcement agents, who respond with pepper spray.]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Allison Renville, a member of the Great Sioux Nation from South Dakota</b>, saw historical trauma playing out in the mixed reactions of her fellow water protectors. “A lot of it had to do with fight or flight, a natural response when you’re threatened that bad that you’re waiting to die,” she said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“When I went out there, I went out with the mindset of, I’m going out there to protect and stand for what is right, and if that costs me my life, then so be it,” said Elih Lizama, an Apache and Mayan pipeline opponent from California, who joined a group of horse riders assigned to patrol the hills that made up the DAPL property. But he didn’t equate readiness for death with violence.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“They brought guns to this fight,” Lizama said. “All we have is our prayer.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">At a meeting of DAPL security personnel held the day before the Treaty Camp was raided, a PowerPoint was presented describing a volatile situation. “There are outsiders deliberately moving the rioters toward violent action,” the PowerPoint said. Under a category labeled “<b>What we know,” it noted, “Rioters do possess weapons.” Under “What we do not know”: “Number and type of weapons in the camp.”</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[TigerSwan October 26 Intelligence Update</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">12 pages]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Private security firm TigerSwan shared this intelligence update with law enforcement a day before the raid of Treaty Camp.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan, a firm made up of former military personnel hired by Energy Transfer Partners to manage its sprawling security operation, organized the daily briefings and made sure police knew what was being discussed. Public records show that Mercer County Sheriff Dean Danzeisen and Morton County Sheriff’s Deputy Lynn Wanner received the presentations.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A spokesperson for Morton County said that they only used the information from briefings for “situational awareness.” Mercer County did not respond to requests for comment. TigerSwan and Energy Transfer Partners did not respond either.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In an interview with The Intercept, Kirchmeier insisted that law enforcement kept private security at a distance. “When we did a law enforcement function or we had a law enforcement incident, I did not want the private security anywhere near where the law enforcement was,” he said. “Could they stay up on the hilltops and that type of thing? Yes, because it was on Dakota Access property.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But he admitted that law enforcement and DAPL security did sometimes work together, “depending on the circumstance.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Did we talk to private security? Absolutely. We used them as a resource just like many other resources that are out there,” he said, listing asset sharing that included police using private security’s snow mobiles and ATVs for their operations.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[oil-and-water-3-1509138763</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Police used DAPL security’s ATVs to drop off a sniper near the County Road 134 barricade. Photo:Law enforcement photo]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For example, police were using ATVs owned by DAPL to distribute their own personnel throughout the sweeping plains<b>, including at least one sniper,</b> who crouched in the weeds aiming at Highway 134. A Morton County Sheriff’s Department spokesperson told The Intercept, “<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Because [law enforcement] received numerous threats that protesters had snipers in the hills and people hiding with weapons in the trees, we had to take precautions. Our [law enforcement] was not there to shoot at targets, but rather to observe and protect our officers in the area.”</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On the day of the Treaty Camp raid, private security personnel also provided police with extra hands.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As the line of police moved down Highway 1806, Alyssa Beaulieu, of the Red Lake band of Ojibwe in Minnesota, and a handful of others jumped a fence and started running though the field where pipeline construction was underway. She was quickly surrounded by men in plainclothes.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“They were trying to herd us,” she added, describing how police and security were able to control people’s movement, “so I just stood there.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“It was just a prideful thing. I could have run, I could have gone back to camp,” she added. “But I had a moment.” She and another protester were tackled to the ground by four men, including two DAPL security guards. Private security assisted police in attaching zip ties around her wrists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alyssa Beaulieu is arrested by police assisted by DAPL security guards.]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A spokesperson for the Morton County Sheriff’s Department confirmed that the two men (shown in law enforcement video footage in the brown coat and the camouflage bandana) helping handcuff Beaulieu and her companion were DAPL security officers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Security was not arresting – they do not have the authority to do so – they are only helping with detaining the unlawful protesters,” the spokesperson wrote in an email to The Intercept. The spokesperson added that it was “not any different than if an intruder was on your private property – you have every right to try to hold them, detain them, as the police arrive to arrest them.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[Law Enforcement Reports October 27</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">52 pages</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A selection of law enforcement reports concerning the events of October 27, 2016.]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Deeper in the hills, horse riders were facing off with police and private security in ATVs, in trucks, and even in the air. Lizama had been scouting on horseback in the plains for days, watching the activities of police and private security, “We knew they were dropping people off to spy on people from the hills,” he said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Where horses couldn’t go, water protectors sent drones to conduct reconnaissance. But by the day of the raid, the aircraft had been officially banned.</b> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On October 23, the day the first tents went up at Treaty Camp, North Dakota officials submitted a request to the Federal Aviation Administration for a rare “temporary flight restriction” covering the airspace above the pipeline resistance.</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The no-fly zone was in place between October 25 and December 13 — allowing “only relief aircraft ops under direction of North Dakota Tactical Operations Center,” according to the FAA.<b> But on the day of the raid, DAPL’s helicopter continued to fly above, </b>alongside North Dakota Highway Patrol aircraft, officially becoming part of the law enforcement’s eviction effort. According to Kirchmeier, a law enforcement officer always accompanied DAPL personnel in the private aircraft.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>From above, police and<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> private security captured footage of the raid and the action in the countryside, some of which would be used later in the prosecution of water protectors.</span></b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Security footage shows horseback riders facing off with police and private security in ATVs, trucks, and helicopters.]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Meanwhile, on Highway 1806, police were breaking up various ceremonies in the midst of the standoff. They separated and arrested a huddle of elders immersed in prayer. Joseph Hock, of the Mackinac tribe from Michigan, was pulled out of a sweat lodge. “I was sort of a little fuzzy-headed by then,” he said. “It was like jumping in ice-cold water in the middle of winter, that’s what it felt like.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">screenshot-of-police-report-on-prayer-arrests-1509140716</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Screenshot of police report]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In the distance, smoke billowed, as a bulldozer was set on fire in an area off 1806 where DAPL stored its equipment.</b> The group blocking County Road 134 had retreated.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Still, there was defiance in the faces of many, even as it became clear the camp had fallen. “Regardless if we come out of this whole thing heroes or not, we were fighting for our people that day; we were fighting for our land,” Renville said. “We felt like we were winning.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In the hills, three water protectors on horseback put into action a plan formulated by Lizama and his crew in the first days of Treaty Camp: They drove a herd of buffalo from an area ranch toward the frontline. As police moved farther and farther south, the buffalo stampeded in the background. “This is the epitome of Indian Country — what it’s like to be here. We’re in a modern-day Indian war,” Renville said. “<b>When it comes to these attacks on the environment, these treaty laws are the only thing that can save us because they’re the supreme law of the land.”</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A herd of stampeding buffalo is seen from a security helicopter.]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As water protectors retreated, a call came over the radio, “Gunman, gunman, gunman.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A white truck careened down Highway 1806 toward the big Oceti Sakowin camp, where thousands of DAPL opponents had stayed as the smaller front-line camp was evicted.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“All of a sudden a guy with a gun comes toward us,” said Mike Fasig, a member of the camp security group. Fasig thought of the camp full of women, elders, and children, imagining the melee that would follow if the gunman opened fire near the police line.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fasig and another security group member, Israel Hernandez, jumped into their respective vehicles and sped toward the gunman’s vehicle.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Mike Fasig tells the story of a white truck driven by an armed man that came careening towards Oceti Sakowin camp </b>in this interview with Intercept staff.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The man at the wheel of the white truck was Kyle Thompson, a guard for Leighton security, one of about half a dozen private security companies working to guard the pipeline.</b> Although Thompson was ex-military, Leighton mostly hired off-duty cops, including, said company president Kevin Mayberry, officers from the Morton County Sheriff’s Department and other local agencies. Morton County told The Intercept that Leighton had requested personnel to watch an equipment yard. “The sheriff made the deputies aware of the job opportunity to serve as private security in their off hours (essentially, a second job – they were paid by Leighton). It was only for 12 days from Aug. 5-17 because once the protest began, the deputies were needed to respond to that activity and worked plenty of overtime with that,” said a spokesperson.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For the water protectors, private security had been a constant presence since August. Scouts like Lizama encountered them dressed in ghillie suits, which are used by the military to disguise soldiers as piles of grass, hiding in the countryside at night. They followed drivers around. Rumors of security infiltrating the camps — later proven to be founded — had circulated for weeks.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The sudden appearance on October 27 of an armed private security officer was the manifestation of a threat they had always felt was lurking.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In an interview with The Intercept, Thompson said he drove toward the camp responding to a message that equipment was on fire near Highway 1806.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He said that as he approached the side road where the burning construction equipment was located, wearing a red bandana to disguise himself as a water protector, he saw a crowd of people. “I got super paranoid and nervous. I was security, and in a sense behind the lines,” Thompson said. Sitting next to him was his AR-15 semi-automatic rifle.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mayberry said that his company largely stayed away from protesters and did not deploy disguised guards. “We had no guards doing that, so if he was doing that, or if somebody was doing that, that’s on him; that has nothing to do with our company,” he said, adding that non-law enforcement were not supposed to be armed. “We didn’t even know he had a gun with him,” he said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">oil-and-water-5-1509138772</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kyle Thompson’s AR-15 semi-automatic rifle. Photo: Law enforcement photo]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Water protectors noticed the unfamiliar truck and asked Thompson who he was. “Brian,” he lied.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the water protectors didn’t miss his rifle.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“They were like, stop that truck. If they stopped me and got into it, I realize they would have known who I was. I don’t know what they would have done,” Thompson recalled. So he sped down the road, steering into the ditch to avoid pedestrians. As he drove, people attempted to block his path.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“The suicide by law enforcement thing popped back into my head,” Thompson said later, recalling a<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> warning he said he’d heard in one of the daily security briefings. “</span>These people are almost willing to get run over.”</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“If he would have shot those rounds off, the police would have killed us,” said Horinek. As was the case with many other water protectors, his thoughts immediately went to Wounded Knee, when a single shot fired as the U.S. 7th Cavalry descended on an encampment of Lakota people sparked a massacre.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As Thompson’s white truck neared the Oceti Sakowin camp, Fasig veered left, ramming Thompson to a halt. Thompson emerged from the vehicle holding his AR-15, finger on the trigger. The crowd screamed at him to put down the gun. He backed into the pond on the side of the road as water protectors, one armed with a knife, surrounded him and attempted to disarm him. Pipeline opponents set his truck on fire.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>While Thompson was eventually disarmed and arrested by officers with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, he was never charged. Instead, it would be Fasig and two others who tried to disarm Thompson who would face felony charges.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">To Fasig, the outcome seemed twisted. “If you have an unknown person wearing a mask with an AR-15 that took the license plates off his truck, and he’s going through a ditch and driving around people in an aggressive manner, trying to get close to your schools and your churches — if the citizens in that city take and do everything they can to stop that man, that city would have a parade,” he said. “But when it comes to employees of Dakota Access doing anything like that toward Native Americans, we all of a sudden become criminals.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Many of the 142 people arrested at Treaty Camp that day told The Intercept that they were held on the highway in handcuffs for hours, stripped of their clothes, and had identification numbers written on their arms.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eventually, they were loaded onto school buses, some barefoot and in their underwear, and taken to Morton County, where they were packed into dog kennels before being shipped to jails across the state, including some several hours away, without being told where they were going. Upon release, many returned to find that their cars had been impounded and their tents and property dumped on a pile on the ground.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hock, who was pulled out of the sweat lodge, said he returned to find his belongings, including a sacred pipe, had been urinated on.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“They wanted to degrade and humiliate us so that we would turn back and go home,” he told The Intercept. “But what they actually did added to the resolve to go ahead and stand up and fight even more.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The spokesperson for the Morton County Sheriff’s Department confirmed that “fenced cubicles” were used on that day but stressed that “all essential services” were provided to those temporarily held in them. She added that “the inmates had the number written on their arms so it couldn’t be easily removed,” as had happened on previous occasions, and noted that those arrested were only allowed to keep one layer of clothes for safety reasons. “If they didn’t want that layer to be their long underwear, they had the option of going to the restroom to remove the underwear and change into their pants,” the spokesperson wrote.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">She also confirmed that those arrested were not told where they were being taken to in order to avoid “the potential for the bus being stopped and surrounded on the highway by a mass of people, or a mass of people gathering at the destination attempting to disrupt the process and creating a dangerous situation.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The private security company working for the landowner likely knows what was done with property left behind,” the spokesperson added, noting that as those arrested were trespassing, the property owners had no obligation to return their belongings. “If there was property urinated upon, it was not done by law enforcement.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In all, over the course of seven months, 838 people faced charges in at least 427 separate DAPL-related criminal cases in North Dakota, according to the Water Protector Legal Collective, a group of lawyers representing many of those defendants. As of late September, 427 people’s cases remained open, 289 were dismissed, 105 resolved through plea deals or other pretrial diversions, and 10 resulted in convictions. Two more people were convicted and imprisoned last week — the first to receive a jail sentence in connection to last year’s protests.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timothy Cominghay, a member of Freshet, a native collective that’s been providing support to activists returning to North Dakota for court dates, talks to The Intercept about the Oct. 27 arrests.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The most serious charges involve incidents that took place on October 27.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Five people accused of helping set the County Road 134 bridge on fire — as well as one person accused of setting a Highway 1806 barricade ablaze — were charged with “commission of a civil disorder” and “using fire to commit a civil disorder,” federal charges that carry a mandatory minimum sentence of 10 years in prison. And a woman named Red Fawn Fallis faces three federal felony charges — after a gun went off when officers tackled her to the ground on the day of the Treaty Camp raid.&nbsp; She faces the possibility of life in prison.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“A lot of people thought that it was over after Standing Rock, and they didn’t think how this is years long. We have cases scheduled out through July,” said Timothy Cominghay, a member of Freshet — a native collective that’s been providing support to those returning to North Dakota for their court dates. “This is just a different type of resistance.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">oil-and-water-4-1509138766</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Water protectors chased DAPL security guard Kyle Thompson into the water and surrounded him, in an effort to disarm him. Photo:Law enforcement photo</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Months after he drove his truck toward the Oceti Sakowin Camp, Thompson, the private security guard, emerged as an unlikely ally to those facing charges for attempting to disarm him.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The water protectors that day, they had a mission to protect their own people,” Thompson told Myron Dewey, a water protector and journalist with Digital Smoke Signals, in a Facebook Live interview on July 12. “It was just a miscommunication on both sides, I believe, that made us do what we did.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Following that interview, a state prosecutor dropped charges against <b>Brennon Nastacio, </b>one of the water protectors that had attempted to disarm Thompson in the water, saying that Thompson’s statements had raised “significant doubt as to whether the state could meet its burden of proof with regard to the charge of terrorizing.” According to an agreement with the court, Fasig and Hernandez will see their charges dismissed in a year if they pay fines and commit no crimes.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I’m ready for this all to be over with. But I also want to help and get the truth out there. The charges people are facing are a little bit extreme for what they did,” Thompson told The Intercept. “I feel like I have people who don’t like me on both sides now. I feel like a lot of protectors that don’t like me. A lot of law enforcement that don’t like me.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Most water protectors and police have doubled down on their resolve — and new pipeline fights have picked up across the country.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“There is a lot of interest throughout the country on what happened and how we handled it, what we learned, and those type of issues,” Sheriff Kirchmeier told The Intercept. “I have been around, went to several other states and talking to emergency managers, to other sheriffs, to those individuals who are interested in it. The main interest is trying to find out a little bit about the background, the history of it, and what we could do, and what we did do for the safety of everybody involved.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joye Braun is preparing for the next treaty stand. The newly revived Keystone XL Pipeline would swing just outside the boundary of her Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation and awaits a major decision from Nebraska.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“There won’t be another Standing Rock, just like there won’t be a Wounded Knee ’73,” she said. “But we learned a lot of lessons.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">If the Keystone XL Pipeline begins construction, Braun will pitch a teepee at another frontline camp.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Top photos: Some 142 people were arrested on October 27, 2016, as law enforcement raided the 1851 Treaty Camp. Police photographed them ons site with their arrest information. [Source: law enforcement photo]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/11/15/dakota-access-pipeline-dapl-tigerswan-energy-transfer-partners-rico-lawsuit/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://theintercept.com/2017/11/15/dakota-access-pipeline-dapl-tigerswan-energy-transfer-partners-rico-lawsuit/</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">part 9</font></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.1em; box-shadow: white 0px 1px 0px, rgb(17, 17, 17) 0px 4px 0px; text-transform: uppercase;">PRIVATE SECURITY</span>&nbsp;firm TigerSwan, hired by Energy Transfer Partners to protect the controversial Dakota Access pipeline, was paid to gather information for what would become a sprawling conspiracy lawsuit accusing environmentalist groups of inciting the anti-pipeline protests in an effort to increase donations, three former TigerSwan contractors told The Intercept.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">For months, a conference room wall at TigerSwan’s Apex, North Carolina, headquarters was covered with a web-like map of funding nodes the firm believed it had uncovered — linking billionaire backers to nonprofit organizations to pipeline opponents protesting at Standing Rock. It was a “showpiece” for board members and ETP executives, according to a former TigerSwan contractor — part of a project that had little to do with the pipeline’s physical securit</span>y.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In August, the law firm founded by Marc<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Kasowitz, Donald Trump’s personal attorney</span> for more than a decade, filed a 187-page racketeering complaint against Greenpeace, Earth First, and the divestment group BankTrack in the U.S. District Court of North Dakota, seeking $300 million in damages on behalf of Energy Transfer Partners.</b> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The NoDAPL movement, the suit claims, was driven by “a network of putative not-for-profits and rogue eco-terrorist groups who employ patterns of criminal activity and campaigns of misinformation to target legitimate companies and industries with fabricated environmental claims.”</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“It was as if the entire campaign came in a box. And of course it did,” the suit alleges. “Its objective was not to protect the environment or Native Americans but to produce as sensational and public a dispute as possible, and to use that publicity and emotion to drive fundraising.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Among the nonprofit network’s alleged crimes: “perpetrating acts of terrorism under the U.S. Patriot Act, including destruction of an energy facility, destruction of hazardous liquid pipeline facility<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, arson and bombing of government property </span>risking or causing injury or death.</b>”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“We felt compelled to file the lawsuit against Greenpeace and others because we want the truth to come out about the illegal actions that took place in North Dakota and the funding of these actions,” ETP spokesperson Vicki Granado told The Intercept. “In many cases, the only way the truth comes out is through the legal process.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The case was filed under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, passed in 1970 to prosecute organized crime — primarily the mob. Greenpeace says it amounts to a strategic lawsuit against public participation, or SLAPP, designed to curtail free speech through expensive, time-consuming litigation.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It grossly distorts the law and facts at Standing Rock,” said Greenpeace&nbsp;general counsel Tom Wetterer. “We’ll win the lawsuit, but it’s not really what this is about for ETP. What they’re really trying to do is silence future protests and advocacy work against the company and other corporations.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“[The lawsuit] had some major racist overtones. They were basically saying that we were not intelligent enough to know for ourselves what the possibilities were in case the pipeline were to leak. They were basically saying we were manipulated,” said Linda Black Elk, a member of the Catawba Nation who lives on the Standing Rock reservation and organized against the pipeline months before the protests began. “I think the whole purpose of it is to scare tribes from further activism when it comes to the fossil fuel industries and to scare these green groups to keep them from supporting us in those future fights.”</font></p><div class="img-wrap align-bleed large-bleed width-auto" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 1; position: relative; transition: opacity 300ms linear 200ms; opacity: 1; width: auto;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><p class="caption overlayed" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.01em; word-spacing: -0.25em; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
A TigerSwan&nbsp; &nbsp;diagram attempts to link environmental nonprofits and Standing Rock pipeline opponents to the billionaire philanthropist <b>Warren Buffett</b>.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font>

Illustration: The Intercept</p></div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 1em 0px; font-kerning: normal; font-feature-settings: " kern="kern"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Short-Lived Line of Work</font></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan, which got its start working U.S. government contracts in Afghanistan and Iraq, was hired by Energy Transfer Partners to coordinate the DAPL operation in September 2016, after dogs handled by private security officers were caught on film biting pipeline opponents. The firm began collecting information on the movement’s funding streams soon afterward, submitting intelligence to ETP via daily situation reports, more than 100 of which were&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/05/27/leaked-documents-reveal-security-firms-counterterrorism-tactics-at-standing-rock-to-defeat-pipeline-insurgencies/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">leaked</a>&nbsp;to The Intercept by a TigerSwan contractor.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the effort to build a lawsuit began in earnest in January. TigerSwan personnel were tasked directly by lawyers working for ETP with fulfilling information requests, according to two former contractors. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Situation reports from the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3868790-Internal-TigerSwan-Situation-Report-2017-02-04.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">beginning</a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/06/21/internal-tigerswan-situation-report-2017-02-05/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">February</a>&nbsp;note that the company planned to “continue to proceed with the ETP legal team’s requests.”[get names?]</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In response to the requests, TigerSwan personnel sent reports on trespassing incidents and pipeline sabotage, including information about who was suspected to be involved and monetary damages caused by the work stoppage<b>s. The firm also compiled descriptions of movement leaders and individuals arrested by law enforcement, and tracked donations to DAPL-related GoFundMe accounts</b>. Much of the intelligence collection was carried out via fake social media accounts and infiltration of protest camps by TigerSwan operatives.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>According to the former contractors, the company intended to sell its legal investigative services to future clients</b>. A PowerPoint presentation obtained by The Intercept, which a former contractor described as marketing material to attract a new contract,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> shows TigerSwan applying its follow-the-money tactics to a new pipeline fight against Pennsylvania’s Mariner East 2 project. <b>The presentation traces nonprofit funds to various “action arms,” </b>which include activist groups — Lancaster Against Pipelines and <b>Marcellus Shale Earth First </b>— <b>as well as a member of the press</b>, StateImpact, a regionally focused public radio project.</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“As concerns StateImpact, the TigerSwan graphic is incorrect,” editor Scott Blanchard told The Intercept. “StateImpact, which covers Pennsylvania’s energy economy, is independent of outside influence and is&nbsp;not aligned with any stakeholders.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">While TigerSwan eventually landed security work on the Pennsylvania pipeline, its RICO&nbsp;work for Energy Transfer Partners was short-lived. By early March, the <b>legal team working for ETP had pulled the security firm off the lawsuit</b>. Former TigerSwan contractors speculated the firm’s lack of experience building legal cases made it ill-equipped for the project.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Bowe, the Kasowitz attorney representing ETP in the RICO case, told The Intercept, “We did not retain or work with TigerSwan.” Former TigerSwan personnel agreed that the ETP lawyers working most closely with TigerSwan were not with Kasowitz.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ETP declined to comment on TigerSwan’s work, stating, “We do not comment on any specifics related to our security programs.”&nbsp;A TigerSwan spokesperson stated, “We do not discuss the details of our efforts for any client. We are proud of our work to provide the very best in consultative risk management services to our clients around the world.”</font></p><div class="img-wrap align-bleed large-bleed width-auto" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 1; position: relative; transition: opacity 300ms linear 200ms; opacity: 1; width: auto;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><p class="caption overlayed" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.01em; word-spacing: -0.25em; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
A TigerSwan PowerPoint slide suggests pipeline opponents and the press are “action arms” of environmental nonprofits.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font>

TigerSwan</p></div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 1em 0px; font-kerning: normal; font-feature-settings: " kern="kern"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hunting&nbsp;Paid Protesters</font></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Internal documents&nbsp;and interviews with the former TigerSwan contractors display some of the fruits of the firm’s investigation, which include claims that echo prominent right-wing conspiracy theories.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A PowerPoint&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/11/15/tigerswan-billionaires-club-presentation/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">presentation</a>&nbsp;created in the fall of 2016 describes what TigerSwan dubbed the Billionaire’s Club: “an exclusive group of wealthy individuals, [which] directs the far-left environmental movement.” Several slides are dedicated to the anti-pipeline nonprofit Bold Nebraska, whose parent organization,<b> Bold Alliance, is named in the ETP suit.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Underlying Bold Nebraska’s homespun, grassroots facade is a significant, growing, well-funded and well-organized financial support network originating from wealthy far-left environmental interests thousands of miles away,” one slide states. The language is pulled verbatim from a 2014&nbsp;<a href="https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases-republican?ID=53280DCB-9F2C-2E3A-7092-10CF6D8D08DF" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">report</a>&nbsp;by the Republican minority staff of the <b>Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, titled “Chain of Environmental Command: How a Club of Billionaires and Their Foundations Control the Environmental Movement and Obama’s EPA</b>.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan claimed that among the wealthy interests behind Bold Alliance was billionaire philanthropist<b> Warren Buffett, whose donations to foundations that support environmental causes, one slide states, benefited an oil-by-rail business owned by Buffett’s investment company Berkshire Hathaway.</b> Buffett also appears at the center of a TigerSwan links map, obtained by The Intercept, meant to depict movement funders and influencers.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>One of the theory’s most obvious flaws is that Buffett has a significant financial stake in the Dakota Access pipeline. Berkshire Hathaway is the largest investor in the oil and gas firm Phillips 66, which owns a 25 percent stake in DAPL. Buffett did not respond to a request for comment.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Jane Kleeb, founder of Bold Alliance, told The Intercept that the group raised money for food and shelter at the DAPL resistance camps. They also had an indigenous staff&nbsp;member on the ground for six months who was involved in organizing protests.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We’d be happy to take Buffett’s millions, but we don’t have any of that money,” she said, noting the organization relies on thousands of small donors. “There’s literally never been a foundation or a major donor that has given us money and said, ‘You have to do XYZ and target XYZ person.’”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It’s remarkable that because we are a nonprofit and because I get paid a salary, and I pay our organizers a salary, that somehow makes us a paid protester,” Kleeb added.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Indeed, according to one of the former TigerSwan contractors, a goal of the firm’s RICO work was to identify “paid protesters.”</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Throughout the protests, prosecutors and police also took interest in identifying such protesters, indicating that the oil industry’s hunt for a conspiracy&nbsp;was taken up by the public sector.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Multiple TigerSwan situation reports note law enforcement efforts to follow the money. For example, on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3940238-Internal-TigerSwan-Situation-Report-2017-03-03.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">March 3</a>, a TigerSwan operative wrote, “Spoke with FBI Agent Tom Reinwart in reference to funds being funneled to protesters.” <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Another report from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3868796-Internal-TigerSwan-Situation-Report-2017-02-11.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">February 11</a>&nbsp;describes the Bureau of Indian Affairs tracking individuals “assessed to be assisting in the facilitation of moving money and supplies to the camps.”</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Meanwhile, Lynn Woodall of the Morton County Sheriff’s&nbsp;Department also regularly forwarded a protester social media activity bulletin from a Gmail account to an array of law enforcement officials. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The bulletins summarized Facebook and Twitter statements made by DAPL opponents, tracked the progress of various anti-DAPL fundraising campaigns, and at times noted posts made by groups named in the lawsuit — including 350.org, Greenpeace, and Earthjustice — under a category labeled “Protest Supporters and Amplifiers.” In at least one&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/11/15/protester-social-media-activity-bulletin/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">case</a>, the bulletin was forwarded to a TigerSwan operative.</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A spokesperson for Morton County told The Intercept that a<b> law enforcement staff&nbsp;member collected the fundraising information for “situational awareness.</b>” Neither the FBI nor the Bureau of Indian Affairs responded to The Intercept’s requests for comment.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>State’s attorneys were also interested in funding&nbsp;linked to media coverage of the protests</b>, repeatedly singling out Democracy Now, the news outlet whose&nbsp;<a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2016/9/4/dakota_access_pipeline_company_attacks_native" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">footage</a>&nbsp;of private security dogs attacking protesters attracted widespread criticism of the pipeline project and galvanized many to join the opposition movement</span>. In a&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/11/15/ladd-erickson-filing/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">motion</a>&nbsp;filed last December as part of a criminal case against pipeline opponents, <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>state’s attorney Ladd Erickson </b>repeated&nbsp;right-wing talking points.&nbsp;“Some DAPL protester videos are designed for fundraising, to get actors weeping into cameras,” he said, adding, “Pretend journalists like Amy Goodman of Democracy Now or The Young Turks have published manipulated DAPL social media videos with faux narratives in an attempt to be recognized as a news source by those who are duped by fake news.”</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a November 29 email, the <b>acting state’s attorney of McKenzie County, Todd Schwarz</b>, relayed to a North Dakota State and Local Intelligence Center officer a secondhand story he’d heard about someone&nbsp;a colleague sat next to on a flight. “He indicated to Ron that <b>he is a paid protester, $ 3000/day plus expenses. His check comes from Democracy Now who receives their money through the DNC from the Clinton Foundation.</b> I have no way to confirm this but was asked to pass it to you.” Schwarz noted it was “the first time I’ve had it confirmed from the person who actually heard it from the paid protester.” Schwarz did not respond to a request for comment.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“These claims are baseless and absurd,”&nbsp;Julie Crosby, general manager for Democracy Now, told The Intercept. “The Young Turks’ Jordan Chariton took six trips to Standing Rock, where he conducted interviews that shined a light on the truth and raced to cover the front lines of the demonstration,”&nbsp;a spokesperson for the&nbsp;network told The Intercept, calling&nbsp;the narrative pushed by ETP&nbsp;“a continuation of right-wing, corporate intimidation tactics.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Of course, as police and prosecutors&nbsp;searched for&nbsp;the big-money backers of the protest movement, they were receiving their own share of billionaire support. Throughout the protests, police&nbsp;used ETP equipment including ATVs, snowmobiles, and a helicopter. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">This past&nbsp;October, ETP&nbsp;<a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2017-09-28/apnewsbreak-pipeline-firm-gives-15m-toward-security-costs" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">paid</a>&nbsp;the state of North Dakota $15 million for law enforcement expenses, and went on a tour of pipeline counties in Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Illinois, handing out giant checks totaling $1 million — “gifts without condition,” as one ETP executive&nbsp;<a href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/business/2017/11/08/why-dakota-access-giving-away-hundreds-thousands-iowa/798759001/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">put it</a>.</span></font></p><div class="img-wrap align-center width-fixed" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 2.25em; line-height: 1; max-width: none; width: 1024px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><p class="caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.01em; word-spacing: -0.25em; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">An activist stands in silent protest by a police barricade near Oceti Sakowin Camp on the edge of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation on&nbsp;Dec. 4, 2016, outside Cannon Ball, N.D.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font>

Photo: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images]</p></div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 1em 0px; font-kerning: normal; font-feature-settings: " kern="kern"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Using Lawsuits to Chill Free Speech</font></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“When it was adopted, RICO was thought to be a mafia tool,” Jeffrey Grell, who teaches courses on RICO at the University of Minnesota School of Law, told The Intercept. “Now it’s going through a renaissance,” he added, noting that while federal courts tried to limit applications of the law, winning the case is often not the primary motive of those filing charges.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I do not think this pipeline claim is a very legitimate use of this statute … but in legal reality, whether you have a good claim or not does not matter,” Grell said. “If you are an energy company, you have a lot more money than some of these protest groups, so paying a lawyer for two or three years to sue these protesters, who cares? But I guarantee you, the protest groups, they’re going to care.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“If you have got money in our country, you can use litigation for a lot of purposes, and many times those purposes are not to win a court case.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marc Kasowitz’s firm was also behind a RICO suit filed last year against Greenpeace on behalf of logging company Resolute Forest Products. That suit was&nbsp;<a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16102017/greenpeace-resolute-forest-racketeering-lawsuit-logging-activism-stand" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">dismissed</a>&nbsp;in October, although Resolute has filed an amended complaint.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Kasowitz attorney Michael Bowe told Bloomberg Businessweek that Energy Transfer Partners and Resolute are not the only companies with an interest in suing Greenpeace. “<b>When Greenpeace <u>directly attacks </u>a company’s customers, financing, and business, that company has little choice but to legally defend itself,</b>” he&nbsp;<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-28/how-a-corporate-assault-on-greenpeace-is-spreading" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">said</a>. “I know others who are considering having to do so and would be shocked if there are not many more.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Several states have passed “anti-SLAPP” legislation in an effort to counter the use of lawsuits for the purpose of chilling free speech, but North Dakota is not one of them. “There’s no question that whether it’s a civil damages lawsuit or a criminal prosecution, if part of what’s motivating it is a desire to suppress speech, that it’s a <b>First Amendment problem,</b>” Seth Berlin, an attorney who has defended the First Amendment rights of advocacy groups and political organizations, told The Intercept.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“It’s a big threat to the environmental movement,” said Wetterer, the Greenpeace lawyer. “These baseless lawsuits have to be thrown out at the initial stage because the longer they go on, the corporations win.</span>”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To search all TigerSwan documents published by The Intercept, go to the TigerSwan&nbsp;<a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/search/projectid:33327-TigerSwan" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">project page</a>&nbsp;on DocumentCloud.</font></span></strong></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PART 12</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">From North Dakota to Puerto Rico, Controversial Security Firm Profits From Oil Protests and Climate Disasters</font></div><div style=""><a href="https://theintercept.com/2018/03/12/tigerswan-dapl-private-security-climate-disaster-response/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://theintercept.com/2018/03/12/tigerswan-dapl-private-security-climate-disaster-response/</font></a></div></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Ti<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 0.1em; box-shadow: white 0px 1px 0px, rgb(17, 17, 17) 0px 4px 0px; text-transform: uppercase;">GERSWAN, THE MERCENARY</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;">&nbsp;</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;">security company best</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/05/27/leaked-documents-reveal-security-firms-counterterrorism-tactics-at-standing-rock-to-defeat-pipeline-insurgencies/" style="letter-spacing: 0.01em; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">known</a><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;">&nbsp;</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;">for its efforts to suppress indigenous-led resistance to the Dakota Access oil pipeline, is stepping up its pursuit of profits in areas hit by climate change-driven natural disaster.</span></font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.01em;">
</span></font></div><div style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Three blog posts published on TigerSwan’s website in February describe the firm’s response efforts in the aftermath of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tigerswan.com/from-gsoc/2017-tigerswan-emergency-response-to-hurricanes/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Hurricane Harvey</a>&nbsp;in Houston,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tigerswan.com/from-gsoc/bag-gate-managing-an-emergency-within-an-emergency/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Hurricane Maria</a>&nbsp;in Puerto Rico, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tigerswan.com/from-gsoc/emergency-response-to-hurricane-matthew-in-2016/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Hurricane Matthew</a>&nbsp;in North Carolina in 2016. TigerSwan, according to the posts, assisted National Guard members in Houston and emergency managers in North Carolina by providing them with access to its GuardianAngel system for monitoring the movement of individuals and sensitive shipments. In Puerto Rico, the company’s work included tracking down the employees of an unnamed client.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At Standing Rock, TigerSwan operatives hired by the pipeline company Energy Transfer Partners&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/05/27/leaked-documents-reveal-security-firms-counterterrorism-tactics-at-standing-rock-to-defeat-pipeline-insurgencies/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">used</a>&nbsp;militaristic tactics to disrupt the massive opposition to the project, sending infiltrators into resistance camps, conducting aerial surveillance, and engaging in propaganda efforts. The private security firm routinely coordinated with law enforcement, sharing equipment and intelligence and assisting with arrests. Although preventing water pollution was the Standing Rock movement’s rallying call, many of its organizers were also climate activists; the earliest DAPL opponents were veterans of the anti-Keystone XL pipeline movement, which centered on the harmful climate effects of carbon-intensive tar sands oil.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In essence, TigerSwan has gone from suppressing a movement seeking to slow climate change to marketing itself as a company that can help clients survive climate change’s most severe consequences.</font></p><div class="img-wrap align-center width-fixed" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 2.25em; line-height: 1; max-width: none; width: 768px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><p class="caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.01em; word-spacing: -0.25em; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan equipment in Puerto Rico.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font>

Photo: TigerSwan]</p></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Natural disasters have long been a boon for private security firms</b>. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, as Jeremy Scahill&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/blackwater-down/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">reported</a>&nbsp;for The Nation, guards working for the notorious mercenary firm Blackwater, hired to provide security for Federal Emergency Management Agency reconstruction projects, patrolled the streets of New Orleans carrying automatic rifles. Other security companies were brought in to guard hotel chains and private homes. As one Blackwater mercenary told Scahill, “This is a trend. You’re going to see a lot more guys like us in these situations.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pamela Spees, an attorney with the<b> Center for Constitutional Rights</b> who represents anti-pipeline groups in Louisiana seeking to keep TigerSwan from operating in the state, said that large-scale natural disasters tend to create a vacuum of accountability as private security, military, and police forces descend on ravaged communities. “It raises a lot of concerns when you have this growing patchwork of private and state interests that are basically executing law enforcement and security functions in these settings,” said Spees.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Add to that concerns about a company like TigerSwan that was operating in the way it did in North Dakota and coming in with these extremist takes on protesters that served to amplify and inflame the law enforcement response,” she added, referring to internal TigerSwan&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/05/27/leaked-documents-reveal-security-firms-counterterrorism-tactics-at-standing-rock-to-defeat-pipeline-insurgencies/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">reports</a>&nbsp;that compared the anti-pipeline movement to a “jihadist insurgency.” “Now it’s holding itself out as some savior that can go in and provide these security services in a situation where there’s extreme vulnerability.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Indeed, TigerSwan predicts a future in which its disaster response services will become increasingly necessary.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a February 1&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tigerswan.com/from-gsoc/2017-tigerswan-emergency-response-to-hurricanes/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">post</a>, TigerSwan included a map created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, one of the key federal agencies that monitors the changing climate, displaying “billion-dollar weather and climate disasters” across the U.S. last year.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The frequency and cost of 2017’s natural disasters should give all Americans pause. The barrage of hurricanes, unprecedented rainfall and flooding, searing wildfires, and extreme heat affect us all in one way or another,” the post warned. “Emergency preparedness is of the utmost importance as experts believe that years like 2017 may become the new normal in terms of disaster intensity.”</font></p><div class="img-wrap align-bleed large-bleed width-auto" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 2em; line-height: 1; position: relative; transition: opacity 300ms linear 200ms; opacity: 1; width: auto;"><p class="caption source pullright" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.01em; word-spacing: -0.25em; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
Map: TigerSwan</font></p></div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 1em 0px; font-kerning: normal; font-feature-settings: " kern="kern"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Your Unblinking Eye”</font></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan’s promotional push has focused on the company’s GuardianAngel brand tracking system.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A February 8&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tigerswan.com/from-gsoc/emergency-response-to-hurricane-matthew-in-2016/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">post</a>&nbsp;suggested the system played a vital role in the wake of Hurricane Matthew in North Carolina, when TigerSwan co-located with law enforcement and emergency managers for 17 days at the State Emergency Response Center. According to the post, “The GuardianAngel phone app, satellite phones, OBD2 trackers, and other GPS/satellite-enabled devices were distributed to North Carolina National Guard personnel and equipment, State Highway Patrol units, Swift Water Rescue teams, and damage assessment teams from the Federal Emergency Management Agency.” A year later, the company teamed up with the North Carolina National Guard in its Hurricane Harvey response, according to the February 1&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tigerswan.com/from-gsoc/2017-tigerswan-emergency-response-to-hurricanes/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">post</a>,&nbsp;planting tracking beacons on National Guard aircraft.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In its simplest format, GuardianAngel is a phone app that allows the security firm to track the user’s location. It’s marketed as “your unblinking eye,” a phrase that’s also used by the military to describe drone surveillance. According to TigerSwan’s promotional material, if GuardianAngel users find themselves in a crisis, they can hit their phone’s SOS button and call the security firm instead of local emergency services. The app also sends push notifications should terrorism or natural disaster strike. And for places where cellphone service is nonexistent, TigerSwan describes satellite-linked tracking and communication devices it can attach to people or equipment.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A tweet from March 2017 referencing an outage that prevented AT&T customers from dialing 911 outlines the type of scenario for which GuardianAngel is built: one in which public services can’t be trusted and dialing 911 no longer brings help — a scenario that becomes more plausible with the deep crises unmitigated climate change is expected to bring with greater frequency.

...;three former TigerSwan contractors who worked with the app,&nbsp;and declined to be named for fear of legal and employment consequences, said it was unlikely to provide protection that emergency services could not. They said the app had a host of problems, including GPS that was frequently imprecise.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“A lot of places you would need something like that are in countries with no infrastructure. So having the button, cool, if you’re in the middle of a city,” said one of the former contractors.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan personnel carried the app on their phones while working on the Dakota Access pipeline project, so that&nbsp;managers could track their locations in North Dakota, Iowa, and South Dakota. “Fifty percent of the time you didn’t have a signal, and it didn’t work anyway if you wanted to use it for an SOS,” said one of the former contractors.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In response&nbsp;to questions from The Intercept, a TigerSwan spokesperson stated, “Blogs that continue to base their stories on hearsay from unnamed sources are the very definition of fake news.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The North Carolina National Guard and North Carolina Emergency Management downplayed their collaboration with TigerSwan. Keith Acree, a spokesperson for the emergency management department, said the agency used TigerSwan’s technology on a test basis twice,&nbsp;placing tracking devices on some vehicles and with some teams during winter storms in early 2016 and Hurricane Matthew that fall. “There is no contractual relationship with TigerSwan. They were paid a flat rate for use of their system on those two occasions, and NCEM has not used them since,” he said.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">North Carolina National Guard spokesperson Matthew Boyle told The Intercept, “The only actual time we worked with them was a technology demonstration in the summer in 2016. Other than that, we haven’t utilized their services.” He added, “Their claiming to be on aviation assets — I don’t know if that’s true or not.”</font></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: 1em 0px; font-kerning: normal; font-feature-settings: " kern="kern"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“A Piece of the Pie”</font></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Puerto Rico is ripe for a corporation like TigerSwan,” said William Ramirez, director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Puerto Rico. Encouraged by the unelected Financial Oversight and Management Board’s privatization efforts, Hurricane Maria led to a rush of profiteers, many of which claimed altruistic intentions, Ramirez said. “Are they truly here for relief, or are they here to cut a piece of the pie for themselves?” he asked.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shortly after Maria hit, TigerSwan was en route. “Armed with nothing but a list of names and addresses, our team set out on a search and rescue mission to locate displaced employees,” TigerSwan wrote. The security firm described spending 20 days in the territory, tracking down 100 employees of its client “and providing generators, water, and assessing medical needs where possible.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“From monitoring unique personnel traveling deep into the interior of Puerto Rico via GuardianAngel satellite-enabled beacons, to tracking key assets in the air and on the ground using a variety of cellular or satellite-based beacons, GuardianAngel gave the team a real-time view of actions and activity around the island,” the company wrote.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One of the former TigerSwan contractors, who is now working in Puerto Rico, said he was unaware of any contracts TigerSwan had obtained on the island except for a small company that used GuardianAngel’s satellite tracking beacons on their vehicles.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan spokesperson Wesley Fricks declined to name the client in Puerto Rico, saying only, “We provide a range of consultative, <b>risk management services</b> that increase safety and <b>enhance situational awareness.</b>” He added, “As a team leader in Puerto Rico for several weeks, it was very rewarding to be able to assist in the response effort, from managing our client responsibilities to pitching in and supporting other volunteer efforts. Whether it was helping groups trying to rescue abandoned animals or assisting others in unloading planes with donated supplies,&nbsp;there was a great community of support in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">TigerSwan was part of an influx of security-oriented groups that arrived on the island as the storm dissipated, including military members and law enforcement deployed from the U.S. mainland. Ramirez said that the out-of-state officers had a tendency to step on Puerto Ricans’ rights. For example, in one complaint filed to the Puerto Rican police department, the ACLU describes how an unidentifiable&nbsp;out-of-state law enforcement officer illegally searched a driver’s glovebox after&nbsp;the driver was pulled over for a traffic infraction.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the Centro de Periodismo Investigativo, the post-Katrina private security scene was&nbsp;<a href="http://periodismoinvestigativo.com/2017/10/masked-and-armed-with-rifles-military-security-firms-roam-streets-of-san-juan/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">replayed</a>&nbsp;in San Juan’s Santurce neighborhood, where heavily armed, masked private security officers guarded the upscale Ciudadela housing development. The owner of the development, Nick Prouty, told the outlet, “With a substantial reduction in the number of police officers on the streets (due to the government’s reallocation of resources to protect diesel and supply chains), and most streets lights not functioning, Ciudadela has taken the necessary steps to make its residents and commercial tenants feel safe.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A number of security and infrastructure companies took up arms as they began to rebuild the territory, thanks to an&nbsp;<a href="https://aldia.microjuris.com/2017/10/03/consulta-el-listado-de-ordenes-ejecutivas-luego-del-paso-del-huracan-maria/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">executive order</a>&nbsp;that allowed expedited approval for private employees to carry guns.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TigerSwan personnel were unarmed in Puerto Rico, according to Fricks, but the company’s deepest experience is in war zones. Founded by James Reese, a commander for the elite special operations unit Delta Force, TigerSwan got its start as a military contractor in Iraq and Afghanistan, where it continues to work. A large proportion of its personnel are former special operations members.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1em; letter-spacing: 0.01em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Indeed, at the same time that TigerSwan was promoting its hurricane response work, personnel were&nbsp;<a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/tigerswan-to-attend-kuwait-international-conference-for-reconstruction-of-iraq-300596195.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">jetting off</a>&nbsp;to the Kuwait International Conference for Reconstruction of Iraq, where TigerSwan sought some of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-reconstruction-ku/allies-promise-iraq-30-billion-falling-short-of-baghdads-appeal-idUSKCN1FY0TX" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">$30 billion</a>&nbsp;put up for post-ISIS recovery, yet another conflict wrought by fossil fuel politics.</font></p><p class="caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.27273; margin: 0px 0px 20px; letter-spacing: 0.01em; word-spacing: -0.25em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Top photo: Members of the Texas National Guard drive through the streets of Orange, Texas, as&nbsp;the state&nbsp;works to recover from the devastation of Hurricane Harvey on&nbsp;Sept. 5, 2017.</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A TigerSwan Employee Quietly Registered a New Business in Louisiana After the State Denied the Security Firm a License to Operate</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>Alleen Brown, Will Parrish</div><div>March 30 2018, 8:46 a.m.</div><div>
</div><div>Oil and Water</div><div>
</div><div><b>Part 13</b></div><div><b>The company notorious for surveilling pipeline opponents at Standing Rock was pursuing a contract to guard Louisiana’s Bayou Bridge pipeline.</b></div><div>
</div><div>VIEW A TIMELINE OF EVENTS</div><div>&nbsp;EXPAND ALL PARTS</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">TIGERSWAN, THE PRIVATE security company notorious for its work surveilling pipeline opponents at Standing Rock on behalf of Energy Transfer Partners, hit a roadblock last July in its effort to provide intelligence and security services in Louisiana. <b>The Louisiana State Board of Private Security Examiners determined that TigerSwan was unfit to obtain a license to work in the state based on a lawsuit it is facing for unlicensed security operations in North Dakota</b>.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But TigerSwan did not give up on its ambitions to work on another controversial Energy Transfer Partners project, Louisiana’s Bayou Bridge pipeline. Bayou Bridge is a 163-mile oil pipeline that represents the tail end of a massive system that starts in North Dakota’s Bakken fracking region. The system’s northernmost section is the Dakota Access pipeline, which was completed about a year ago and faced a huge, indigenous-led opposition movement.</span></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Not only is TigerSwan appealing the Louisiana denial, but a deposition given to the security board suggests the firm — operated by military special operations veterans of the war on terror —<b> may have set up a front company in order to get around the licensing mess.</b> TigerSwan did not respond to The Intercept’s request for comment.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The same month that the board denied TigerSwan’s license application, a person named Lisa Smith rented office space in Lafayette, Louisiana. She registered her new company, LTSA, with the secretary of state’s office and submitted an application for a license with the private security board.</span></div><div>
</div><div>During the board’s background check process, its investigator uncovered a detail mysteriously missing from Smith’s resume: She worked for TigerSwan. And although a cached version of Smith’s old LinkedIn page showed she once listed TigerSwan on her profile, she had removed the firm’s name from the page.</div><div>
</div><div>Seeking to clarify Smith’s connections to TigerSwan, the board deposed her in September.</div><div>
</div><div>In the deposition, which the <b>Center for Constitutional Rights </b>obtained via a public information request, security board attorney Adrienne Aucoin asked Smith, “What is your present employment?”</div><div>
</div><div>“I work for TigerSwan,” Smith replied.</div><div>
</div><div>The board denied Smith’s license application, stating that she had “willfully, knowingly, and in the board’s estimation intentionally engaged in material omission of fact” with respect to her employment history. The board’s executive director, Fabian Blache, told The Intercept, “It appeared that Lisa Smith’s failure to include the information about TigerSwan on her application was a deliberate attempt to keep us from drawing a nexus between the two, and that the application that was being sought at that time could have been, if issued, used to circumvent the denial of the TigerSwan license.” Smith did not respond to a request for comment.</div><div>
</div><div>Blache said the board’s background check process also discovered another TigerSwan name associated with the new firm. <b>Brandon Nix, </b>who had previously been listed as TigerSwan’s “qualifying agent” on the company’s application for a license in Louisiana, worked with a rental company to procure office space for LTSA.</div><div>
</div><div>Nix, who told The Intercept that he hasn’t worked for TigerSwan since August, said he did not know Lisa Smith and hadn’t heard of LTSA until he found out about the deposition. “Yes, at one point I was given the directive to go pick up a key for an office. What that office is for is none of my business,” Nix said. “There are things that, on my level, were, hey this is what your objective is, go do it, get it done, roger that, move on.”</div><div>
</div><div>During the deposition, Smith told the board attorney that she had been the one to pick up the key.&nbsp; Asked if there would be any reason for the rental company to believe that it was actually Nix, Smith said no. This was another “glaring misrepresentation,” Blache noted in his letter denying the LTSA application.</div><div>
</div><div>Nix said he was managing TigerSwan’s licensing efforts in Louisiana at the time of the office rental. TigerSwan’s goal “was trying to get there in time to get a license in order to get work” on the Bayou Bridge pipeline, he told The Intercept.</div><div>
</div><div>As Smith was setting up the new security firm, TigerSwan was also bringing on lobbyists from the high-powered firm Southern Strategy Group of Louisiana to lobby the state’s executive branch, which encompasses the Board of Private Security Examiners. Blache said he was unaware of any efforts by the lobbyists to contact board members. “There’s nothing about anything that’s going to influence these board members to do anything other than what the four corners of the law say they can do,” he said.</div><div>
</div><div>[29354414_440614603036438_2323233023731647383_o-1522273500</div><div>Worksite disruptions and blockades are carried out along the pipeline route on March 27, 2018. Photo: L’eau Est La Vie Camp]</div><div>
</div><div>Changing a company’s name is a classic tactic used by those whose brands have been tarnished by bad press. It’s a strategy that another notorious mercenary security firm, Blackwater, deployed repeatedly — transforming from Blackwater to Xe to Academi.</div><div>
</div><div>Cherri Foytlin, a member of the indigenous women’s advisory council for the <b>anti-Bayou Bridge L’eau Est La Vie (Water Is Life) Camp,</b> told The Intercept, “I think that it’s no surprise that TigerSwan is an unethical company. They’re hired mercenaries that will do anything for a buck.” According to documents leaked to The Intercept by a TigerSwan contractor and materials obtained via public records request, the firm oversaw a massive security response to the NoDAPL movement involving undercover operatives, aerial surveillance, social media monitoring, and a propaganda campaign.</div><div>
</div><div>“I’m really proud of the board, honestly, for following the law and for not allowing a company like TigerSwan take root in Louisiana communities,” said Foytlin.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Even so, Foytlin says she’s felt the presence of private security as her group has ramped up its blockades and occupations of pipeline construction sites. She’s noticed people filming her as they drive by in trucks, helicopters over protest actions, and out-of-place men in khaki pants at the Piggly Wiggly grocery store in her working-class neighborhood.</span></div><div>
</div><div><b>In her deposition, Smith denied that her license application had anything to do with TigerSwan, though the firm’s lawyers were present at the deposition.</b> She said she didn’t list TigerSwan as her employer because of a technicality. She had been working on a contract that TigerSwan had with the insurance company MetLife, and because her days were spent at the MetLife Security Operations Center, she listed MetLife as her employer.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">When the MetLife contract was finished, Smith decided to start her own business, she said, because she needed a new job. In her deposition, she did not explain why she chose Louisiana for her new venture but told the board that she had worked in North Carolina, where TigerSwan’s headquarters are located, for the past 15 years, and had only ever been to Louisiana on visits.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“What kind of private security prospects do you have for your business?” Aucoin asked.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“I don’t have any,” Smith replied. She said she didn’t know if her company would bid to work on the Bayou Bridge pipeline.</span></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>On October 18,&nbsp;two&nbsp;Standing Rock Sioux Tribe members and a pastor for an Episcopal Church on the reservation&nbsp;filed a class action civil lawsuit against state,&nbsp;county, and private law enforcement in the latest chapter of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-transfer-partners-bakken-oil-pipeline-through-iowa" style="">Dakota Access pipeline</a>&nbsp;(<span class="caps" style="">DAPL</span>)&nbsp;saga.</b>&nbsp;</font></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="min-height: 280px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The plaintiffs allege that these groups were involved in a prolonged effort to blockade North Dakota State Highway 1806 to opponents of&nbsp;the controversial oil pipeline during the most heated protests from late October 2016 through early 2017.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The plaintiffs were&nbsp;Cissy Thunderhawk,&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/dakotaladee?lang=en" target="blank" style="">Waste'Win Young</a>, and Rev.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ndepiscopal.org/welcome/st-james-cannon-ball/" target="blank" style="">John Floberg</a>. They&nbsp;filed their lawsuit against Morton County, North Dakota, and its sheriff Kyle Kirchmeier, as well as the current&nbsp;and former North Dakota Governors, Doug Burgum and&nbsp;Jack Dalrymple, respectively, and the private security firm&nbsp;Tigerswan.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Filed in&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">U.S.</span>&nbsp;District Court in Bismarck, the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/D.N.D.%2018-cv-00212%20dckt%20000001_000%20filed%202018-10-18.pdf" style="">32-page legal complaint</a>&nbsp;was submitted&nbsp;by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.law.columbia.edu/pt-br/faculty/noah-smith-drelich" target="blank" style="">Noah Smith-Drelich</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://bernardharcourt.com/" target="blank" style="">Bernard Harcourt</a>, both<b> professors at the Columbia Law School.</b> Harcourt, notably, is the author of the recently published book&nbsp;<em><a href="https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/bernard-e-harcourt/the-counterrevolution/9781541697287/" target="blank" style="">The Counterrevolution: How Our Government Went to War Against Its Own Citizens</a></em>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As the complaint outlines, Highway 1806 served as the exclusive thoroughfare for those coming to and from the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation to protest&nbsp;the pipeline owned by the company Energy Transfer&nbsp;(<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/24/greenpeace-energy-transfer-oil-spills-pipeline-protesters-violence" style="">formerly known</a>&nbsp;as&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/19688" style="">Energy Transfer Partners</a>).</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>But the plaintiffs also alleged&nbsp;that, beyond impeding access to sacred grounds </b>for the self-proclaimed “Water Protectors”&nbsp;— the term also used by Smith-Drelich and Harcourt in their complaint&nbsp;— the blockade imposed by government and law enforcement did not impact those who lived in the area or employees of Energy&nbsp;Transfer.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“For thousands of local residents, Highway 1806 is their primary means of visiting family, shopping, seeking medical attention, etc.,” reads the complaint. “Highway 1806 is a key north-south public right-of-way for residents of south-central North Dakota, north-central South Dakota, the Standing Rock Reservation, and the Cheyenne River&nbsp;Reservation.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“This road closure was directed only at Water Protectors: residents of Fort Rice were allowed to drive southbound on Highway 1806 as were employees of&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">DAPL</span>,” the complaint further alleges. “In fact,&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">DAPL</span>&nbsp;employees were permitted to use the closed portion of the road for the duration of the closure. The stretch of Highway 1806 from the Cannonball River to Fort Rice remained fully closed — at least to Water Protectors — until March 15,&nbsp;2017.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As a result, the complaint reads, both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment rights of the plaintiffs to “life, liberty, or property” were infringed upon by not having travel access to a site considered sacred to&nbsp;Native American peoples</span>. So too were the First Amendment guarantees of freedom of assembly and freedom of speech, all of which they conclude were actions “motivated by evil motive or&nbsp;intent.”&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Highway 1806 blockade, the complaint reads, halted the “right to interstate and intrastate travel and, as a consequence, substantially burdened Plaintiffs in seeking needed medical care, in purchasing supplies (and in other ways engaging in commerce), in meeting, speaking and being interviewed by media, in gathering and reporting the news, and in visiting family&nbsp;members.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Besides serving as a road, the territory on which Highway 1806 sits is also of historic, religious, and cultural importance to the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, subject to a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2016/08/29/dakota-access-pipeline-tribal-liaison-army-corps-engineers" style="">separate federal civil lawsuit</a>&nbsp;previously covered by DeSmog, in which various federal agencies under the Obama administration&nbsp;were sued for alleged violations of cultural heritage protection laws. That lawsuit failed to halt the construction of Dakota Access and can be seen as the precursor, of sorts, to this current&nbsp;lawsuit.&nbsp;</font></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-error" data-lang="en" data-twitter-extracted-i1563316156831702646="true" style="margin: 1.5em 30px;"><p dir="ltr" lang="en" xml:lang="en" style="margin: 1em 0px;" xmlns:xml="xml"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 Water Protectors prepare to pray on highway 1806 at Blockade 1. 2 blockades were set up on the highway to quickly shut down the roadway if law enforcement approached Treaty camp. Camp was raided days later on 10/27/16.&nbsp;<a href="https://t.co/xnT0z469eg" target="blank" style="">pic.twitter.com/xnT0z469eg</a></font></p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">— Ryan Vizzions (@ryanvizzions)&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/ryanvizzions/status/1027230736775045121?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" target="blank" style="">August 8, 2018</a></font></blockquote><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The importance of this specific site for speech, assembly, and prayer increased dramatically in early September [2016] after Tim Menz, the Standing Rock Historic Preservation Officer, identified ancient burial and ceremonial sites, and other significant cultural artifacts, in the area; after Dakota Access&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">LLC</span>&nbsp;immediately subsequently attempted to destroy these sites; and after a resulting confrontation between&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">DAPL</span>-employed security officers and Water Protectors led to the officers unleashing dogs against Water Protectors,” the complaint&nbsp;details.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“These events drew local, national, and international attention to not only the no-<span class="caps" style="">DAPL</span>&nbsp;movement but this specific stretch of highway; it is possible that no public right-of-way in North Dakota history has been the topic of international discourse to the extent that this several hundred-yard tract of Highway 1806&nbsp;has.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When asked why the lawsuit was filed now, Smith-Drelich&nbsp;explained that they felt the broader issues enveloped in the case were important to challenge&nbsp;for legal precedent-setting&nbsp;reasons.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The road closure caused a substantial amount of harm to the local community and the no-<span class="caps" style="">DAPL</span>&nbsp;movement, and we're hoping that this suit represents a step towards making people whole,” said&nbsp;Smith-Drelich.&nbsp;“The rights in question — including the right to free speech, to free religious exercise, and to travel — represent the bedrock on which our society stands, and so it is crucial to ensure that policies that infringe these rights do not go&nbsp;unchallenged.”&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Energy Transfer has yet to react to the lawsuit and did not respond to a request for comment. Morton County Sheriff's&nbsp;Department told DeSmog that it is&nbsp;“unable to share any information at this time due to the case’s open status, but once the litigation is resolved, we can discuss it further.“ The defendants in this case will likely not file a response for a matter of weeks, par for the course in civil&nbsp;litigation.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But Energy Transfer did announce on October 22 that it is exploring the prospect of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.apnews.com/c55f6b5da64940e5ab446a77882037ff" target="blank" style="">boosting throughput capacity</a>&nbsp;for Dakota Access from 500,000 barrels to 570,000 barrels per day. Oil which flows into <b>Dakota Access comes primarily via&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/fracking-the-future/" style="">hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”)&nbsp;</a>in North Dakota's&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7174" style="">Bakken Shale</a>&nbsp;basin</b>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">One of the companies which has oil flowing&nbsp;through that pipeline,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/15658" style="">Continental Resources</a>, was founded by its&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">CEO</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/harold-hamm" style="">Harold Hamm</a>, a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/donor-lookup/results?name=Harold+Hamm&order=desc&sort=D" target="blank" style="">major donor</a>&nbsp;to President&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/donald-trump" style="">Donald Trump</a>'s 2016 presidential campaign and to his 2020 campaign via&nbsp;the America First Action Super-<span class="caps" style="">PAC</span>&nbsp;and a maximum allowable individual contribution. Hamm has also given&nbsp;<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/donor-lookup/results?name=Harold+Hamm&order=desc&sort=D" target="blank" style="">tens of thousands of dollars</a>&nbsp;to Republican Party congressional candidates for the 2018 midterm&nbsp;elections.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/19696" style="">Kelcy Warren</a>, the&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">CEO</span>&nbsp;and founder of Energy Transfer, also donated to Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and has given&nbsp;<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/donor-lookup/results?name=kelcy+warren&order=desc&sort=D" target="blank" style="">tens of thousands of dollars</a>&nbsp;to&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">GOP</span>&nbsp;congressional candidates for the 2018 midterm cycle. Energy Transfer, too, has donated&nbsp;<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/pacgot.php?cycle=2018&cmte=C00438754" target="blank" style="">tens of thousands</a>&nbsp;to Republican Party candidates for the 2018 election&nbsp;cycle.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Main image:&nbsp;National Guard begin operations at Highway 1806 checkpoint south of Mandan, North Dakota, on September 8, 2016. Credit:&nbsp;<a href="https://unicornriot.ninja/2016/nd-national-guard-take-dakota-access-pipeline-checkpoints/" target="blank" style="">Unicorn Riot</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/" target="blank" style=""><span property="dc:identifier dct:identifier" style=""><span class="caps" style="">CC</span>&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">BY</span>-<span class="caps" style="">NC</span>-<span class="caps" style="">SA</span>&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;<span class="caps" style="">US</span></span></a></font></p></div></div></div><div class="inline-newsletter-form us" style="background-color: rgb(252, 211, 74); padding: 12.375px 24.7656px; margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div class="field-label" style="text-transform: uppercase; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>T</b></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div class="field-label" style="text-transform: uppercase; display: inline;">AGS:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items" style="display: inline;"><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/standing-rock" style="">Standing Rock</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/19696" style="">Kelcy Warren</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/15658" style="">Continental Resources</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/9859" style="">Harold Hamm</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4866" style="">Donald Trump</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/trump-administration" style="">Trump Administration</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5133" style="">fracking</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7174" style="">Bakken Shale</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5137" style="">hydraulic fracturing</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/1088" style="">North Dakota</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/20841" style="">Dakota Access</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/morton-county" style="">Morton County</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/kyle-kirchmeier" style="">Kyle Kirchmeier</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/highway-1806" style="">Highway 1806</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/19688" style="">Energy Transfer Partners</a></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx few</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Part 15</b></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><b>A former Marine working for the private security firm TigerSwan infiltrated an array of anti-Dakota Access pipeline groups at Standing Rock and beyond.</b></div><div>
</div><div>VIEW A TIMELINE OF EVENTS</div><div>&nbsp;EXPAND ALL PARTS</div><div>
</div><div>JESSE HORNE STILL struggles to talk about the day he was kicked out of the anti-Dakota Access pipeline movement. It had been an intense week. Searching for direction and ideological fulfillment ever since Iowa’s stand against the pipeline wound down, the 20-year-old had reconnected with some of the state’s more radical pipeline opponents, and the group was now taking on drone warfare. After a protest outside a drone base in Des Moines in which Horne and several others were arrested,<b> two of his fellow activists, Jessica Reznicek and Ruby Montoya, sat him down and told him to stay away.</b></div><div>
</div><div>“They were asking me if I was an infiltrator,” Horne told The Intercept. “My response was absolutely not.”</div><div>
</div><div>There was a lot Horne says he didn’t know at the time — for one, that Reznicek and Montoya had recently been involved in a series of acts of pipeline sabotage. Between March and May 2017, above-ground valves along the Dakota Access pipeline in Iowa and South Dakota were pierced with welding torches, creating new costs for the pipeline company, Energy Transfer, and sending its security personnel into a frenzy. A few weeks after their conversation with Horne, the two women would claim responsibility for the sabotage.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Another thing Horne says he didn’t know: that someone he considered a “brother in the cause” was indeed an infiltrator. For months, a man calling himself Joel Edwards had posed as a pipeline opponent, attending protests, befriending water protectors, and paying for hotel rooms, supplies, and booze.</span> He told some people he had a job with a hotel that allowed him to travel, others that he was a freelance journalist reporting on the pipeline resistance. But five former contractors for TigerSwan, the secretive security firm hired by Energy Transfer to guard the pipeline, confirmed to The Intercept that Joel was an <b>undercover intelligence operative. His real name was Joel Edward McCollough, and he had been sent to collect information on the protesters,</b> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">explicitly targeting those who were down on their luck. Horne, who struggled with addiction, appeared to be a perfect target.</span></div><div>
</div><div>[Jesse Horne stands in front of a house occupied by Catholic Workers on Oct. 5, 2018, in Des Moines, Iowa. He lived there but was kicked out of after being accused of being an infiltrator of the anti-Dakota Access pipeline movement. After being thrown out, Jess was homeless and often walked around the neighborhood near downton Des Moines, Iowa. (Rachel Mummey for The Intercept). Jesse Horne in Des Moines, Iowa, on Oct. 5, 2018. Photo: Rachel Mummey for The Intercept]</div><div>
</div><div>McCollough passed along what he learned to his superiors at TigerSwan, who attempted to use the information to thwart protest activity and identify people or plots that represented threats to the pipeline. Traces of his surveillance turned up in TigerSwan’s daily situation reports, which were written for Energy Transfer and at times passed to law enforcement. The former TigerSwan contractors interviewed by The Intercept, who declined to be named because it would threaten their continued work in the industry, had either worked with McCollough directly or knew of him through internal communications.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Like other contractors working for TigerSwan, McCollough had developed the skills he deployed in the Dakota Access pipeline fight during the U.S. war in Iraq, where he served as a Marine Corps interrogator and counterintelligence specialist.</span> TigerSwan was founded by James Reese, a former commander of the elite special operations unit Delta Force, and the company got its start as part of a boom of mercenary security firms in the early years of the war on terror. McCollough was participating in something akin to a massive experiment in U.S. military-trained operatives applying lessons learned fighting insurgencies abroad to thousands of pipeline opponents engaged in protest against a Fortune 500 energy giant at home.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Behind the operation was Energy Transfer, whose pipeline empire has been key to propelling the U.S. oil and gas boom at a moment when the devastating impacts of climate change demand a rapid halt in fossil fuel production. Were the environmental movement able to convince policymakers to take climate science seriously, Energy Transfer would be out of business.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Instead, the business of building oil and gas pipelines is booming. Construction projects approved across at least two dozen states continue to face fierce resistance — including Energy Transfer-owned projects in Louisiana and Pennsylvania — ensuring that the pipeline security business will keep booming too. Although TigerSwan has failed to win many of the new contracts it once aspired to, few clear incentives exist to deter others from reproducing the mercenary firm’s tactics.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Through interviews with more than a dozen water protectors who were approached or befriended by Joel, The Intercept has tracked the TigerSwan operative’s path from Iowa to North Dakota to Illinois as he attempted to infiltrate an array of DAPL-opposed organizations, including <b>Bold Iowa, Mississippi Stand, and Food and Water Watch</b>, between September 2016 and April 2017. McCollough declined to comment for this story. Neither TigerSwan nor Energy Transfer responded to multiple requests for comment.</div><div>
</div><div>food-water-watch-01-1545073956 Joel McCollough, far right, at a climate march launch event in Chicago hosted by Food and Water Watch in April 2017. Photo: Courtesy of Gloria Araya]</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It’s unclear how much of a difference the intelligence Joel collected made in the pipeline company’s efforts to shut down opposition, but what is apparent is that a creeping distrust infected the NoDAPL movement as the months wore on and rumors of infiltration proliferated.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Horne had accepted rides from Joel, crashed in his hotel room, and the two kept in touch. A small set of water protectors became convinced that, knowingly or unknowingly, Horne was supplying information to Joel.</div><div>
</div><div>“It was a really painful experience,” Horne said. “It fell apart in front of me really quickly.”</div><div>
</div><div>More than anything, Horne remains bewildered. “I just can’t think of anything that would be so sensitive that would have led to this,” he said. “I’m wondering what he gained from interacting with me at all.”</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>1</div><div>TIGERSWAN</div><div>
</div><div>IT WAS EARLY September 2016 and video footage of private security dogs attacking Indigenous pipeline opponents in North Dakota had spread across social media. What began as a small anti-pipeline resistance composed almost entirely of the Oceti Sakowin people exploded into a massive, multinational social movement.</div><div>Over the next few months, thousands of people traveled to the rural Midwest to protest the 1,172-mile pipeline, which would carry oil extracted from North Dakota’s Bakken fracking region through South Dakota and Iowa to a storage facility and transport hub in Illinois.&nbsp;</div><div>
</div><div>Those who flooded in carried wide-ranging agendas, identities, and levels of experience — from longtime Indigenous and environmental activists to hippies fresh off the festival circuit to veterans and former law enforcement officers who felt called to support the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe’s efforts to protect the Missouri River from the threat of an oil spill. In many ways, the space was primed for infiltration: It was next to impossible to control who showed up.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“I need you guys to start looking at the activists in your area and see if there are individuals who are vulnerable,” Joel McCollough later wrote to a small group of TigerSwan personnel. “They’re broke, always talking about needing gas money or whatever. Maybe they’re disillusioned, depressed a little. Life is fucking them over,” the email continued. “We can buy them a bus ticket to any camp they want if they’re willing to provide intel.”</span></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“We win no matter what. If they agree to inform for pay, we get intel. If they tell our pitchman to go fuck himself/herself, the activist will start wondering who did take the money and it’ll cause conflict within the activist groups and it won’t cost us anything.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>[FILE - This Dec. 3, 2016, file photo shows the Oceti Sakowin camp where people have gathered to protest the Dakota Access oil pipeline near Cannon Ball, N.D. The first seasonal flood outlook from the National Weather Service indicates minor spring flooding is almost certain in the area of southern North Dakota where pipeline opponents are camping. The Friday, Jan. 27, 2017, outlook says there's little chance of major flooding but that parts of the camp area could be under water. (AP Photo/David Goldman, File) The Oceti Sakowin camp near Cannon Ball, N.D., on Dec. 3, 2016, where people gathered to protest the Dakota Access oil pipeline. Photo: David Goldman/AP]</div><div>
</div><div>The message was provided to The Intercept by a former TigerSwan contractor. It was sent in May 2017, months after Joel had embedded himself in the anti-pipeline movement. None of the water protectors The Intercept interviewed were aware of instances in which Joel or anyone else had offered explicit bribes for information.</div><div>
</div><div>Neither was a former TigerSwan operative who worked on the Dakota Access pipeline contract. Reading the email, though, he shrugged. “It wouldn’t be unreasonable to do something like that. It wouldn’t surprise me or concern me,” he said. “If someone can take a quarter-million in $100 bills and give it to a guy in Ramadi, Iraq, to do something, and that person is working for the government, then why is it a problem to give somebody $200?”</div><div>
</div><div>TigerSwan came in after the dog attack to oversee the half-dozen or so companies working security on the pipeline. The firm didn’t get a private security license in North Dakota, an omission over which the state security board would later sue.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> In the subsequent legal battle, which remains ongoing, TigerSwan has claimed that it simply provided “management and IT consulting.” But two former TigerSwan operatives disputed that characterization. As one of them put it, “TigerSwan had personnel on the front lines doing the exact same things the security guards were.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>The other security companies had varying degrees of autonomy from TigerSwan. Personnel moved between companies, and at times it was unclear who was working for whom. “We had the implants, then we had the mobile teams who took information and followed people around wherever,” one former TigerSwan operative said. Others monitored social media accounts remotely.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">For the former TigerSwan contractor who reviewed Joel’s email, the infiltration wasn’t such a big deal. It was the other things that bothered him more, like when a handful of security operatives armed themselves with baseball bats to fend off protesters, or bought paintball guns to shoot down the camera drones that water protectors used to document the protest. He said the weapons weren’t ultimately used, but it was stupid nonetheless. Stupid like when TigerSwan operatives would use the water protectors’ radio signals to exhaust and confuse them — ordering everyone to a location where they’d find nothing happening, or blasting the theme song for the professional wrestler John Cena over the system. “We had a few rogue guys at the highest level at times acting like jackasses, doing stupid stuff, not being professional.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>[FILE - In this Dec. 4, 2016 file photo, travelers arrive at the Oceti Sakowin camp where people have gathered to protest the Dakota Access oil pipeline as they walk into a tent next to an upside-down american flag in Cannon Ball, N.D. It has been called the largest gathering of Native American tribes in a century. Tribal members and others have joined in an ongoing, tense protest against the $3.8 billion Dakota Access oil pipeline, which the Standing Rock Sioux believes threatens sacred sites and a river that provides drinking water for millions of people. The protest is included in the AP top news stories in North Dakota this year. (AP Photo/David Goldman File) Travelers arrive at the Oceti Sakowin camp near Cannon Ball, N.D., on Dec. 4, 2016. Photo: David Goldman/AP]</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Another former contractor confirmed activity on the part of the company that seemed to serve no purpose other than to intimidate and stir paranoia.</b> “It was the whispers on the radio at night; it was the lights; it was the helicopter flights at night for no fucking reason. There were strange vehicles that would come up into the camp,” the former operative said. <b>“That wasn’t really the intelligence operation; that was something else.”</b></span></div><div>
</div><div>The mission was supposed to “have a relaxed defensive posture — to be a good witness and protect the workers if needed, that was our role,” said one of the former contractors. “Some people couldn’t handle how simple and mundane and boring that was.”</div><div>
</div><div>“There’s been nothing like this,” he said of the DAPL contract. “People dreamed about making $500 a day stateside just keeping people safe. It was the beginning of something big with all these pipelines getting approved: Keystone, Bayou Bridge, DAPL.”</div><div>
</div><div>What he’s certain of is that the glimmer of opportunity he saw at the beginning of the pipeline fight was extinguished when The Intercept published more than 100 TigerSwan situation reports leaked by a former operative, revealing the security firm’s extensive surveillance efforts, coordination with law enforcement, and comparisons of water protectors to jihadi fighters.</div><div>
</div><div>“This was the beginning for all of us, not just TigerSwan,” the former contractor reflected. “High-dollar ex-special ops types doing great things in America to keep people safe. They can have a mercenary stigma all they want, 98 percent of those guys I would let babysit my kids.”</div><div>
</div><div>He remembers thinking at one time, “If they watch their p’s and q’s, they will be the standard. They’ll be the company that everybody’s gonna use.” The former contractor laughed. “That didn’t happen.”</div><div>
</div><div>IOWA</div><div>
</div><div>WHEN KIMA SELENE met Joel, he didn’t raise suspicion. She noticed his big white boxer before she noticed him. “I really got to know him because he had this awesome dog,” she said. With a joke about how Sully liked Selene more than he liked Joel, a friendly familiarity developed.</div><div>
</div><div>Selene had been studying business, sculpture, and aromatherapy in Ohio when a friend told her that she was driving to Standing Rock. Selene went along on a whim. She spent about a month in North Dakota, then responded to a call put out by a group in Iowa called Mississippi Stand looking for water protectors to help block construction of the pipeline across the Mississippi River.</div><div>
</div><div>20161022_103752_001-1545160100 Joel and his dog, Sully, on Oct. 22, 2016. Photo: Courtesy of Angel Martinez]</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>Mississippi Stand was the Iowa anti-DAPL group most willing to risk arrest. It was linked to the <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Catholic Worker</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, a decentralized organization born during the Great Depression whose highest-profile actions have involved disabling military infrastructure, with the saboteurs staying on site to claim responsibility.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Starting in mid-September, according to Mississippi Stand leader Alex Cohen, Joel seemed to show up to every action held in Iowa. Joel had a big beard and loved Tito’s vodka. He looked “like he could have just popped off a sofa from watching a football game. He had this nice dog, and everyone loves dogs,” said Ed Fallon, the leader of another local anti-pipeline group, Bold Iowa.</div><div>
</div><div>Joel never participated in protests that could get him arrested, but Cohen didn’t think much of it. Because of Mississippi Stand’s no-drugs, no-alcohol policy, however, “No one really trusted him,” said Cohen, not because they thought he was an informant, but because of his drinking. When the group’s camp was evicted, they became a convoy — traveling to different construction sites and locking down to infrastructure. They didn’t invite Joel to join them.</div><div>
</div><div>But he kept showing up anyway. “He would always message me just wanting to know about anything coming up,” Cohen said. Then, in November, Joel got in touch with an offer. “He called and said, I found a unique way I can help,” Cohen remembers. “I want to find you guys a hotel room once a week so you can shower and do whatever.”</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Joel had identified a vulnerability among Mississippi Stand members that would allow him to insert himself into some of their intimate conversations. “We were doing a direct-action campaign. We were all camping, none of us were showering for weeks on end, none of us had the comforts of a bed,” said Joseph Waters, another Mississippi Stand activist. “It was like, yeah, of course we would love to stay in a hotel. We would love to take showers.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>Selene remembers the time she took Joel up on his offer. It was mid-November, and she and another protester had just been released after spending two nights in jail. The group celebrated that night in Joel’s hotel room, where Sully the dog greeted them. “He gave me $50 and told me to go to the liquor store and pick out any alcohol I wanted,” Selene said.</div><div>
</div><div>[Oct. 6, 2016; Keokuk, IA, USA; Protesters gather at the Mississippi Stand Camp, at the entrance to the work area where a route for the Dakota Access Pipeline was being bored under the Mississippi River. A group of people from the Standing Rock protests joined the campers today. Mandatory Credit: Kelsey Kremer/The Register via USA TODAY NETWORK Protesters gather at the Mississippi Stand camp near Keokuk, Iowa, where a route for the Dakota Access pipeline was being bored under the Mississippi River, on Oct. 6, 2016. Photo: Kelsey Kremer/The Register via USA Today Network]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>In the hotel room, Mississippi Stand members strategized about how to support Red Warrior Camp, one of the more radical groups at Standing Rock, which was being pressured to leave the area, accused of causing trouble. “We talked specifically about solidarity posts with Red Warrior Camp that a few of us wrote together,” Cohen said.</div><div>Their Facebook post ran the next day, stating, “We believe that the only thing that is going to kill this snake is warriors showing up on DAPL easement and refusing to leave until construction is shut down in all four states permanently.”</div><div>
</div><div><b>Sure enough, a day later, the post showed up in an internal situation report that TigerSwan submitted to Energy Transfer. </b>The security firm described the post as “significant because this directly ties MS with the Red Warrior Camp and opens up the possibility of the two groups working together in the future.”</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Looking back, Mississippi Stand activists struggled to come up with examples of actions that Joel could have swayed or much of significance he could have learned. But perhaps, mused some participants, it wasn’t the intelligence gathered that made the difference.<b> Waters estimated that the biggest damage Joel might have done was to add alcohol to the mix. </b>“People who show up who want to save the earth, a lot of times they are alcoholics and a lot of times they are recovering,” he said. Joel’s biggest harm might have been in “taking advantage of people most vulnerable to succumb to demons.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>[Jesse Horne stands in front of a house occupied by Catholic Workers on Oct. 5, 2018, in Des Moines, Iowa. He lived there but was kicked out of after being accused of being an infiltrator of the anti-Dakota Access pipeline movement. After being thrown out, Jess was homeless and often walked around the neighborhood near downton Des Moines, Iowa. (Rachel Mummey for The Intercept). Jesse Horne near the Catholic Worker house in Des Moines, Iowa, where he lived until he was kicked out of the anti-Dakota Access pipeline movement. Photo: Rachel Mummey for The Intercept]</div><div>
</div><div><b>JESSE HORNE, A web developer from Macon, Georgia, </b>considered himself an atheist and an anarchist, though he’d never been actively involved in a social movement. The contract tech firm he worked for had placed him in a job at DuPont Pioneer’s research and development headquarters just outside Des Moines, one of the world’s largest developers of genetically modified crops. Horne said that soon after he arrived, he began looking for ways to be involved in local activism and stumbled onto the NoDAPL group Bold Iowa.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Bold Iowa was part of the nationwide Bold Alliance,</b> which got its start in Nebraska fighting the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline via alliances between farmers, Indigenous people, and concerned neighbors. </span>Led by Ed Fallon, a former Iowa state representative, Bold Iowa members occasionally participated in actions that got them arrested, but overall, they were less hardcore than Mississippi Stand.</div><div>
</div><div>At the first action Horne attended, around 150 protesters blocked workers’ access to the Des Moines River construction site; Horne and 18 others were arrested. “After that whole experience was done, I couldn’t focus on my job anymore,” he recalls. “I wanted to have an action every day because it was like I am actually doing something.”</div><div>
</div><div>When Bold Iowa members began to discuss opening a camp, Horne decided that he would quit his job. “It was irresponsible, but I also knew that I had to do it,” he said.</div><div>
</div><div>Although Horne said he was never involved in any action to sabotage property, he sympathized with the impulse. “I was completely OK with the idea of someone disabling the hardware that constructed the pipeline,” he said. “It seemed to be more efficient than holding a sign in front of a random building in the heart of downtown Des Moines for an hour.”</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It was a point of debate — and at times, contention — among many of the water protector groups, because crossing the line into physically disabling machinery had more serious political and legal consequences, allowing the oil and gas industry and politicians to frame the movement as supportive of “eco-terrorism.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>Heather Pearson, another Bold Iowa activist, recalls that Horne tended to push to take actions to another level. During a protest at a construction site, he ran up a pile of dirt and was tackled to the ground and arrested, something that, according to Pearson, was not part of the plan. His impulsiveness and enthusiasm made him easy to imagine as a provocateur.</div><div>
</div><div>Horne doesn’t remember exactly when he first met Joel, only that he was around a lot at the Bold Iowa actions. After the group’s camp closed down, Horne got a ride with Joel 10 hours to North Dakota to visit Standing Rock. A TigerSwan situation report at the time noted, “Jesse Horne traveling to ND this weekend.”</div><div>
</div><div>“You can’t fight a 2,000-man force without knowing what they’re thinking. You can’t win without knowing what your enemy is thinking.”</div><div>According to one former TigerSwan contractor, a large web board in Iowa displayed the names and pictures of some 60 people the security firm claimed to be tracking, along with their connections to other pipeline opponents. One of the targets was Horne, the contractor said.</div><div>
</div><div>“Jesse was not with us,” he said. “He was someone Joel worked to exploit regularly.”</div><div>
</div><div>Another former operative explained to The Intercept why infiltration made sense for the company. “When you get a bunch of Delta guys together, they want to do a great job,” he said. “They know the value of intel, so if there’s no law preventing you from getting a few people to act like hippies and go in there and find out what they can, they would be negligent not to do it.”</div><div>
</div><div>“You can’t fight a 2,000-man force without knowing what they’re thinking. You can’t win without knowing what your enemy is thinking — they’re the bad guys that we need to protect these workers from,” the former contractor said.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But although some TigerSwan operatives had identified the protesters as the enemy, others were seeing bad actors among their own ranks. According to three former TigerSwan operatives, the security companies were squabbling too. It’s not clear exactly what complaint fueled it, but bubbling discord developed the way it often does — into a leak of information.</span></div><div>
</div><div>In March 2017, Pearson received a strange Facebook message from an account named “Burt Maklin,” a reference to the FBI agent alter ego of a “Parks and Recreation” character. “Heather you don’t know me (and this is a fake FB obviously), <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">but [I] know who the Iowa mole was from the pipeline. I do not want you to do anything for me, I do not want information from you.” Maklin sent a link to a columnist’s bio on the news website Military 1. It was J.E. McCollough: Joel.</span></div><div>
</div><div>“Thank you. I recognize him,” Pearson replied.</div><div>
</div><div>“Good luck. Stay safe,” Maklin wrote.</div><div>
</div><div><b>Pearson began quietly warning members of the movement.</b></div><div>
</div><div>Months later, after The Intercept published TigerSwan’s situation reports and Pearson read the note about Horne traveling to North Dakota, she reached out to Cohen. She was convinced that Horne, having spent so much time with Joel, and given his proclivity to push things to another level, was an infiltrator. They should disassociate from him immediately. It was decided that, even if Horne wasn’t intentionally providing information, his struggle with addiction was reason enough to ask him to leave.</div><div>
</div><div>NORTH DAKOTA</div><div>
</div><div>TALA ALI MET Joel in the depths of winter at the Prairie Knights Casino in Cannon Ball, North Dakota. She had been staying at the Oceti Sakowin resistance camp since the day of the dog attack, returning home to Cincinnati occasionally to check in on her life.</div><div>Ali is Palestinian-American and was taught from a young age that Native Americans were going through a parallel oppression to that of her own people. “Especially being here of Palestinian blood, not having the right of return and feeling really impotent,” she remembers thinking, “how can I not be involved with this?”</div><div>
</div><div>[CAPTION: Tala Ali, an anti-pipeline activist who was affected by the surveillance actions of security contractor TigerSwan, poses for a portrait in the garden of her home in Cincinnati, OH on Friday, September 28, 2018. (Emma Joy Howells for The Intercept)CAPTION: Tala Ali, an anti-pipeline activist who was affected by the surveillance actions of security contractor TigerSwan, reads quotes from a notebook of "Things Heard at Oceti" that she recorded during her time at Standing Rock at her home in Cincinnati, OH on Friday, September 28, 2018. (Emma Joy Howells for The Intercept)</div><div>Left/Top: Tala Ali poses for a portrait in the garden of her home in Cincinnati, Ohio, on Sept. 28, 2018. Right/Bottom: Ali reads quotes from a notebook, recorded during her time at Standing Rock.Photos: Emma Joy Howells for The Intercept]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>December was a strange time. Donald Trump was the president-elect, and it was all but assured that the pipeline would get the approvals it needed to resume construction once he was sworn in. <b>After a blizzard ravaged the camp, the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe urged everyone to go home for their own safety. It was less clear than ever where things were going</b>.</div><div>
</div><div>And it was cold as hell. At times, everything was so frozen in the camps that it was impossible to find water for drinking or washing up. The casino, just 10 minutes away, was an important resource for water protectors. Ali would go a few times a week to charge her phone and warm up or grab a bite to eat. On rare occasions, she would get a hotel room for a night.</div><div>
</div><div>This was one of those bitterly cold nights. Ali arrived at the casino with a friend from Cincinnati, Jen Mendoza, and headed to what was known as “the pit,” where there were tables and a bar in the midst of the flashing slot machines. Joel sauntered over. “You’re cold, you’re hungry, you’re dirty — at that point, you’re putty in his hands,” Ali recalled feeling at the time. “There’s this huge smile, and come sit at my table, and can I talk to you, and how are you?”</div><div>
</div><div>After their first encounter with Joel, Mendoza and Ali became aware that he was a fixture at the bar. Occasionally, he would also make appearances at the resistance encampment. Terrill Goodman, a member of the Navajo Nation from Monument Valley, Utah, remembers seeing Joel at the Oceti Sakowin camp’s sacred fire. He offered Goodman a pack of cigarettes once, which he accepted.</div><div>
</div><div>“Everyone was suspicious of everyone. It was infuriating and debilitating for the movement.”</div><div>Ali developed a friendly relationship with Joel. He talked with her about his time serving in Iraq, dropping Arabic words he thought she might know. The two debated politics. Mendoza, though, was not a fan. “I’ll be honest — most men creep me out, but he was a particular breed of creep,” she said.</div><div>
</div><div>One time, when Mendoza needed to pay her phone bill and couldn’t get the casino Wi-Fi to connect, Joel stepped in. “He was just brazenly like, ‘I’ll take care of that for you,’” she recalled. The way he threw money around weirded her out, but she accepted, thinking, “Yeah, pay my phone bill, dude that creeps me out and I’m definitely never gonna see again.”</div><div>
</div><div>Eventually, Mendoza confronted Joel about where all his money came from, and his answer was vague. He had received some kind of military settlement, she said.</div><div>
</div><div>[tala-joel-jen-1545073642 Joel, center left, at the Prairie Knights Casino with Daniel Younan, far left, Jen Mendoza, center right, and Tala Ali, far right. Photo: Courtesy of Tala Ali]</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Mendoza wasn’t naïve. Anyone who had spent time at Standing Rock was aware of the threat of infiltration — it was discussed constantly. Many of those who first came to camp had links to the American Indian Movement, which was infiltrated extensively by the FBI in the wake of AIM’s 1973 standoff with the federal government at Wounded Knee.</span></div><div>
</div><div>One of the most high-profile AIM infiltrators was Douglass Durham, who presented himself at Wounded Knee as a journalist for a regional publication. He grew to become AIM’s director of security and worked with the organization’s legal team. Later, he admitted that the FBI had paid him $1,000 per month to inform on the group’s activities.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">By that December at Standing Rock, “Literally everyone was suspicious of everyone,” Mendoza said. “It was infuriating and debilitating for the movement — it really was. I hate to admit that, because it’s almost an admission of defeat that their tactics are so good that it worked, but no one trusted anyone — family members, people that grew up together, people that had been together since day one.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>In the story Joel told 20-year-old Daniel Younan, a friend of Mendoza’s and Ali’s, he was a reporter working on a story about Standing Rock, and his publication was paying for his hotel room and other expenses.</div><div>
</div><div>“His room is empty. It’s just him and his dog, and he pulls out his laptop.”</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Journalists and documentarians were everywhere at the time. “Every time you’d go into the food hall, everyone would be sitting there interviewing each other or writing,” Younan said. Some were working for established publications like Al Jazeera, but others were working on zines or blogs, something Younan viewed as a positive thing. But this felt different. “I should have stood up and walked out,” Younan acknowledges now, but because Joel had given him free weed, he felt “this weird obligation.”</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Many of Joel’s questions revolved around the controversial Red Warrior Camp. Joel wanted to know whether Younan “had ever been to their headquarters and if there were any drugs or guns there.”</span> Younan said no. He found the questions about drugs particularly bizarre considering they had just smoked weed together. McCollough declined to comment on Younan’s recollection, although Ali remembered Younan describing Joel offering him weed and alcohol around the time of the incident.</div><div>
</div><div>[CAPTION: Jen Mendoza, an anti-pipeline activist who was affected by the surveillance actions of security contractor TigerSwan, adjusts a "Water if Life" banner that was at Standing Rock in her room at her home in Cincinnati, OH on Sunday, September 30, 2018. (Emma Joy Howells for The Intercept)CAPTION: Jen Mendoza, an anti-pipeline activist who was affected by the surveillance actions of security contractor TigerSwan, poses for a portrait in the backyard of her home in Cincinnati, OH on Sunday, September 30, 2018. (Emma Joy Howells for The Intercept)</div><div>Left/Top: Jen Mendoza adjusts a banner from her time at Standing Rock in her home in Cincinnati, Ohio, on Sept. 30, 2018. Right/Bottom: Mendoza poses for a portrait in her backyard.Photos: Emma Joy Howells for The Intercept]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Joel repeated the reporter act with Mendoza and Ali, and that’s when their relationship with him soured. Stories had emerged of women being sexually assaulted at Standing Rock, and Joel said he was working on a news story to expose the sex offenders and people with criminal records who were staying in camp. He asked Ali and Mendoza to share the names of women who’d been sexually assaulted.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Ali was uncomfortable. She described to him how camp medics, a security team, and a women’s council dealt with reports on a case-by-case basis. Joel argued that this wasn’t sufficient and an exposé was necessary.</div><div>
</div><div>Mendoza was even more irate. “It was like, first of all, you’re a slimeball dude,” she said. “You are not some ally of women. Secondly, no, what permission do you have to gain this access to these women’s stories?”</div><div>
</div><div>Although Ali and Mendoza continued to run into Joel up until the camps were evicted by police, they distanced themselves.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>ILLINOIS</div><div>
</div><div>JOSHUA SMITH HARDLY knew Joel when Joel texted him with a proposition. “Hey, man, I got some footage you might like. I took my drone down to Patoka,” Joel wrote, referring to the endpoint of the pipeline in Illinois.</div><div>“Law enforcement will freak out on whoever posts it,” he continued. “You know anyone who would want to do that? I don’t want to get anyone in trouble, I just would love for it to be out there for the movement.”</div><div>
</div><div>Smith had been laid off from construction work when the protests in Iowa kicked off. He had a side gig as a wedding photographer, so when a friend began visiting the protest sites, Smith tagged along to take photos. Eventually he was going every day so he wouldn’t miss a good shot. Inevitably he ran into Joel, but it wasn’t until April, months after the protests had died down, that Joel struck up a conversation on Facebook after Smith posted a meme illustrating the difference between equity and equality. The two discussed philosophies of human rights in the comments, and Joel texted Smith about the drone footage the same day.</div><div>
</div><div>Joshua Smith became involved with the anti-Dakota Access pipeline movement as a photographer documenting the protests across Iowa. He met TigerSwan Intellegence Operative Joel Edward, who was undercover as a protester, and was asked to post drone footage to his Facebook page. (Rachel Mummey for The Intercept). Joshua Smith became involved with the anti-Dakota Access pipeline movement as a photographer documenting the protests in Iowa. Photo: Rachel Mummey for The Intercept</div><div>Smith attempted to instruct Joel on how to post the video on Facebook anonymously, but Joel demurred. “Man … tell you what, I’ll drive to you tomorrow and just give it to you. Do with it as you will.” He added, “I’ve had bad run-ins with law enforcement before. I don’t need anything more. and I know DAPL will have their dogs out.”</div><div>
</div><div>Smith agreed to meet. “I liked the guy,” he said. “It’s hard to run into people that have good conversation.”</div><div>
</div><div>In the footage Joel showed him, the drone pans over a field of white tanks, apparently filled with oil awaiting transport. “I didn’t think it was all that compelling or even that anyone was going to care,” Smith said. “It could be any tank farm anywhere in the United States.” Still, he hesitated to agree to post it. It was footage of so-called critical infrastructure, and Smith wasn’t sure that he’d be any more protected from legal consequences than Joel.</div><div>
</div><div>Joel let it go and the two talked for a few hours. They were both military veterans and shared an easy rapport. They made plans to go to a climate march in Chicago later that month. Finally, when it was time to leave, Joel left the footage behind, telling Smith that he could post it or not post it.</div><div>
</div><div>As the climate march got closer, Smith mentioned to Joel that he’d need a place to crash if he were to come. “Of course!” Joel replied. “Only if you post the Patoka video, though, hahah!”</div><div>
</div><div>It was obviously a joke, but at the end of the day, Smith didn’t think the footage was such a big deal. Before he left to meet Joel at the march, he posted it on Facebook.</div><div>
</div><div>[Jessica Fujan photographed at her home in Syracuse, N.Y., Wednesday, October 25, 2018. (Heather Ainsworth for The Intercept) Jessica Fujan at her home in Syracuse, N.Y., on Oct. 25, 2018. Photo: Heather Ainsworth for The Intercept]</div><div>
</div><div>PREPARATIONS FOR THE climate march had just kicked off when Ashley Williams, a volunteer with <b>Food and Water Watch</b>, received a strange message on Facebook from a guy named “Bobby Long.”</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Ashley, if you are currently working with a Joel or JE McCollough, I would recommend breaking contact with them as they work for DAPL,” the message said, adding, “(obviously my profile is fake).”</span></div><div>
</div><div>The message was weird. Wracking her brain, she couldn’t place the name Joel. But the possibility of an infiltrator wasn’t new to Williams. “I think it’s just part of this line of work to anticipate that there’s someone waiting in the wings quietly as a wolf in sheep’s clothing,” she said. “You also think, Is this just my paranoia?”</div><div>
</div><div>Jenya Polozova, another Food and Water Watch volunteer, received a similar message. So did the organization’s Midwest region director, Jessica Fujan. According to Fujan, the person behind the sock puppet account said he knew about Joel because he too worked for TigerSwan. The three women agreed to keep an eye out.</div><div>
</div><div>Ten days later, Williams spotted him at a screening at Loyola University: a large man sitting in the back of the room — obviously a Marine, she thought. She and Polozova had organized the screening — of a Viceland series that included episodes on the Dakota Access pipeline — not as part of Food and Water Watch, but as politically active students of the university.</div><div>
</div><div>She’d met Joel before, she realized, at a climate march kickoff event, where she was stationed at an information table. Joel had hovered for a while, talking to Williams about the march and the frac sand mining community where she grew up.</div><div>
</div><div>“He came to almost every single event we put on,” Fujan said, whether the event was in downtown Chicago or deep in the suburbs. He even showed up twice to the same social media training, in two different locations.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Polozova became more conscious of how she talked about her environmental advocacy work. “I would run what I was going to say through my head and think, Is this something that could be used against this campaign?” she said. “I wasn’t getting paid. It was something a bunch of college kids are passionate about. It felt kind of predatory.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>[CLIMATE_MARCH_DSC4791-1545077063 Joel, standing center left, at a climate march launch event in Chicago hosted by Food and Water Watch in April 2017. Photo: Courtesy of Gloria Araya]</div><div>
</div><div>Evidence of Joel’s presence at various Food and Water Watch events appears throughout the situation reports that TigerSwan submitted to Energy Transfer. A report in early April included a detailed description of the climate march kickoff event, while another featured images of Williams and Polozova and a description of the women’s upcoming Loyola screening.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The purpose of the situation reports offers a clue to McCollough’s interest in Food and Water Watch. According to a former TigerSwan contractor who worked on DAPL, “<b>There was pressure from the highest levels to make sure that those reports didn’t make it look like there was no reason to have security. If you put at the bottom or the top of your report that there is little to no threat, you’re basically saying that you don’t need us.”</b></span></div><div>
</div><div><b>The reports were apparently meant to communicate to Energy Transfer both that there was a serious threat and that TigerSwan was making a dent in addressing it. </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">That April, both those premises were in question. Overall, anti-DAPL activity had died down significantly since the previous fall. As promised, Trump issued an order within days of his inauguration to expedite approval of the pipeline, and construction was nearly complete. The North Dakota resistance camps had been evicted by police, and Mississippi Stand was no longer active.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Some passages also hinted at the possibility of future vandalism, including at the Illinois Patoka terminal.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">There was one thing, though, that kept the contract going. Starting in mid-March,<b> saboteurs had snaked down the pipeline, piercing valves with some type of welding torch.</b> The damage to Energy Transfer’s property was not a good look for the security firm, but it was also the thing keeping so many operatives working. In its reports, TigerSwan described its efforts to find the culprits. Some passages also hinted at the possibility of future vandalism, including at the Illinois Patoka terminal — something that never materialized.</span></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On the day of the climate march, Joel’s tank farm footage was described in a TigerSwan situation report. “Drone footage from the Patoka storage facility was recently published on an activist photographer’s webpage,” the document said, referring to Smith.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Joel showed up to the march with three people carrying nice cameras, whom he described to Fujan as veterans. They spent the day with the organizers and joined them at a restaurant afterward. “He asked about what’s next and talked about us working together,” Fujan recalled. It was time to end this, she felt.</div><div>
</div><div>She pulled Joel aside. “I explained that we had heard that he was affiliated with TigerSwan, and I didn’t want him to come around anymore,” she said.</div><div>
</div><div>“He just kind of laughed it off awkwardly and was like, ‘You’re kidding, that’s crazy.’ I told him that I knew his real name and … it was creepy that he didn’t use his real name,” said Fujan. She turned away to settle the bill, and Joel faded out of the Chicago activist scene.</div><div>
</div><div>About a month later, Joel sent Fujan one last Facebook message. “It sucks not being able to work with ya’ll. I have zero desire to be judged and viewed with suspicion by your people. That said, I really like you. You’re an incredibly fresh, vibrant, beautiful soul. If you ever need my help on a personal basis, hit me up! If I had worked with ya’ll longer I would have wanted to expand your outreach to veterans.”</div><div>
</div><div>[Demonstrators hold signs during "100 Days of Failure" protest and march, Saturday, April 29, 2016, in Chicago. Thousands of people across the U.S. are marking President Donald Trump's hundredth day in office by marching in protest of his environmental policies. (AP Photo/Nam Y. Huh) Demonstrators hold signs during the Chicago climate march on April 29, 2017. Photo: Nam Y. Huh/AP]</div><div>
</div><div>SMITH WAS THERE that day at the climate march with Joel — in fact, he was one of the veterans with nice cameras whom Fujan was uneasy about. He had no idea that Joel was expelled from the Chicago activist scene that weekend.</div><div>
</div><div>He remembers an exhilarating day. “Oh my god — I was stoked. I get to sit here with the actual organizers, spend all day with them — I don’t have that kind of access,” Smith said. These were the types of contacts that would allow him to take pictures that mattered.</div><div>
</div><div>Joel explained to Smith that the hotel he worked for would cover the cost of their room, all their meals, even parking. “We spent a lot of time in the hotel room having a good time. We had time to sit down and have good conversations,” Smith said. They discussed the movement and exchanged war stories.</div><div>
</div><div>“He drank a lot. To describe it as excessive is an understatement,” Smith said. “There was a hard edge to him, but any combat veteran’s got a hard edge, and that’s the way it is.”</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">One of the things Joel wanted to talk about most was Ruby Montoya and Jessica Reznicek. The reports of pipeline valves being pierced had surfaced soon after the women went quiet on social media, and Joel was worried that the duo could be behind it. Smith had wondered too.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Reznicek had a reputation for being what Smith called “committed.” She was willing to do lockdowns. She had conducted an anti-DAPL hunger strike. But Montoya’s tactics seemed more measured.</div><div>
</div><div>Joel “was very, very concerned that Ruby had gotten in over her head,” Smith said. “He wouldn’t leave it alone. It was, ‘Who do you know that I can talk to that would know where Ruby is?’”</div><div>
</div><div>Smith wrote it off. “I thought he had an infatuation with her,” Smith said. “Ruby has that effect on people. She’s really personable; she’s easy to like.”</div><div>
</div><div>[ruby-1545076473jessica-1545076470</div><div>Ruby Montoya, left, and Jessica Reznicek at the entrance to the drilling site where the pipeline goes under the Mississippi at Sandusky, Iowa, on Aug. 10, 2016.Photos: Courtesy of Joshua Smith]</div><div>
</div><div>Joel kept at it even after parting ways with Smith, texting again two days after the march when another report emerged of a valve being sabotaged.</div><div>
</div><div>By then, Smith was tired of the conversation. Whatever Montoya was up to, Smith wanted nothing to do with it. “It’s possible,” he told Joel in a text, “but from my vantage point I don’t know them well enough.”</div><div>
</div><div>In the months that followed, as The Intercept published a series of articles based on TigerSwan’s situation reports, rumors started circulating about the identities of the infiltrators who had gathered the intelligence. Seeing reference after reference to Food and Water Watch’s planning meetings, Fujan became more convinced than ever that the sock puppet Facebook account was telling the truth about Joel, and she was pissed.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In June 2017, she sent a letter to Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan. “Given your role in ‘protecting the public interest of the state and its people,’” she wrote, “we believe that you should launch an investigation into TigerSwan’s activities in the state.” According to Fujan, Madigan declined. Madigan’s office did not respond to a request for comment.</span></div><div>
</div><div>[Jessica Fujan chants on the Wacker Drive during a "100 Days of Failure" protest and march, Saturday, April 29, 2016, in Chicago. Thousands of people across the U.S. are marking President Donald Trump's hundredth day in office by marching in protest of his environmental policies. (AP Photo/Nam Y. Huh) Jessica Fujan chants through a bullhorn at the Chicago climate march on April 29, 2017. Photo: Nam Y. Huh/AP]</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">To Fujan, the infiltration represented the lengths to which the oil and gas industry would go to protect its profits. In an era in which a growing body of scientific evidence prescribes a dramatic reduction in the burning of fossil fuels to stave off a nightmare climate scenario,<b> the government’s unwillingness to protect her environmental nonprofit from subterfuge by a $4 billion corporation</b> laid bare the soaring advantage the industry held against citizens fighting for a livable future.</span></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>“When you do this work, you see that the power of the oil and gas industry and monied industries like this is unconquerable,” Fujan said. “They could sue our organization out of existence. They could sue me personally into dire financial straits, and it’s unreasonable to me that we should be incurring that kind of risk for truth-telling.”</b></span></div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>5</div><div>JOEL</div><div>
</div><div>[21369368_10214066584168868_5426271167935385510_n-1545076167 From left, Angel Martinez, Joel McCollough, and Joshua Smith on Dec. 6, 2016. Photo: Courtesy of Angel Martinez]</div><div>
</div><div>REFLECTING ON HIS friendship with Joel Edwards, Smith said he could imagine an alternate reality in which he was in Joel McCollough’s place. After he left the military, he considered going into mercenary work.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> “I thought about putting in applications with Blackwater, Triple Canopy. The money is just insane,” Smith said. “At the end of the day, I thought, that’s not me anymore.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>In fact, Joel McCollough isn’t all that different from Joel Edwards. As he told many water protectors, McCollough is a former Marine and served in Iraq. It’s also true that he’s a writer. In 2015, he published a book of poetry, called “Aftermath.” One of his most vivid poems describes a gruesome aspect of his military service.</div><div>
</div><div>I should have killed him,</div><div>Finished it with a knee on his throat,</div><div>or a bullet.</div><div>
</div><div>Instead I crouched over him</div><div>As he lay quietly gurgling in the sand</div><div>And went through his pockets</div><div>Looking for maps and rosters.</div><div>
</div><div>McCollough described his work in prose too. His essays and analysis have been published on veterans’ sites like SOFREP, Ranger Up, Military 1, and Time magazine’s Battleland. “As a Marine Corps counterintelligence specialist and interrogator in Iraq in 2003 and 2004, I had the opportunity to not just fight the enemy, but become intimately familiar with him,” McCollough wrote for Time in 2013. “After conducting more than 400 interrogations as well as working with Iraqi informants,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> I’ve had the opportunity to see the enemy as he is, a human being with a range of motivations, loyalties and ideologies. I discovered the enemy isn’t crazy, or immoral, or twisted, though his reasoning may be alien to the Western understanding of sanity and morality.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>According to one of his pieces, intelligence McCollough collected in Iraq led to the rescue of seven U.S. prisoners of war. His military records confirm that he was awarded a Purple Heart.</div><div>
</div><div>More than anything, McCollough’s writing reveals an understanding of the world that is indelibly shaped by combat.</div><div>
</div><div>As McCollough wrote, “There is a sign that has hung in hundreds of infantry headquarters in Iraq and Afghanistan. It says, ‘Complacency Kills.’ Every patrol that would go out would see that sign and be reminded — as if the blood of their brothers wasn’t reminder enough — to be vigilant.”</div><div>
</div><div>“I feel bad for the guy,” Smith said. “That is a private military organization operating domestically with no constitutional concerns. The federal government created Joel.”</div><div>
</div><div>When Smith got a warning about Joel, he didn’t take it too seriously. He texted Joel.</div><div>
</div><div>“I’ve heard it before. Whatever. I’m sure you’ve heard you’re a suspect, too,” Joel responded. He was right. Mississippi Stand organizers had told Smith that at first, they suspected that he might be an infiltrator. “Because of my military background and because I was holding myself aloof,” he said. Smith conceded Joel’s point, saying that he just wanted to give him the heads-up.</div><div>
</div><div>“All I’ve done is help people, paid for plane and bus tickets, let them shower in my room, given people rides to Standing Rock and back,” Joel replied. He texted a week later, pointing to others who had been fingered as possible infiltrators on social media. “It’s fucking absurd. I don’t want to get wrapped up in it.”</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">He proposed a theory. “In fact, this would be beyond devious, but has anyone checked out who the Intercept is working for? All these leaks from TigerSwan have just fueled people’s accusations against each other. They haven’t done the movement any good at all. That would be one hell of a psyop action by TigerSwan, but you and I both know they could do it.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>Smith and Joel communicated again briefly when Montoya and Reznicek publicly took responsibility for the pipeline sabotage in July 2017 — a decision the two women said they came to after The Intercept contacted them for comment on allegations about their involvement included in TigerSwan documents. (As one former TigerSwan operative put it, <b>“We’d been trying to track them for a long time. They eluded us. Those girls were successful.</b>”)</div><div>
</div><div>After that, Smith’s communication with Joel tapered off, but his old friend’s name resurfaced in October of last year in a Facebook post by Bold Iowa’s Heather Pearson. “To the 23 people who are still mutual friends with Joel Edwards, it has been confirmed by many sources that he is a paid infiltrator,” she wrote. Some commenters shrugged off the warning for lack of evidence, including Smith. Joel’s Facebook page came down not long after that.</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">suggested ggl lawsuit (i thot v govy on contract beef but</font></div><div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAYQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFSgAMAF6BAgGEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjABegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer;" /></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.33;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjABegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjABegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer;" /><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjABegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer;" /><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjABegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer;" /><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/10/26/lawsuit-dakota-access-road-blockade&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjABegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer;">TigerSwan, County Sheriff Sued Over Road Blockade During Dakota ...</a></font></font></font></h3><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">Oct 26, 2018 -&nbsp;</span>On October 18, two Standing Rock Sioux Tribe members and a pastor for an Episcopal Church on the reservation filed a class action civil&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">lawsuit</span>&nbsp;against state, county, and private law enforcement in the latest chapter of the Dakota Access pipeline (DAPL) saga.<wbr />&nbsp;... They filed their ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAMQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFSgAMAJ6BAgDEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" 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size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/06/28/tigerswan-faces-lawsuit-over-unlicensed-security-operations-in-north-dakota/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://theintercept.com/2017/06/28/tigerswan-faces-lawsuit-over-unlicensed-security-operations-in-north-dakota/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjACegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/06/28/tigerswan-faces-lawsuit-over-unlicensed-security-operations-in-north-dakota/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://theintercept.com/2017/06/28/tigerswan-faces-lawsuit-over-unlicensed-security-operations-in-north-dakota/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjACegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer;">TigerSwan Faces Lawsuit Over Unlicensed Security Operations</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font 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break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">Jun 28, 2017 -&nbsp;</span>Meanwhile, in Illinois, Food & Water Watch has demanded a state attorney general investigation into the firm's infiltration of activist groups.</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div data-base-uri="/search?sa=X&biw=1588&bih=740" id="ed_1" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQ2Z0BMAJ6BAgDEAY"><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAQQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFSgAMAN6BAgEEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" 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size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2018/03/30/louisiana-bayou-bridge-pipeline-tigerswan-private-security/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://theintercept.com/2018/03/30/louisiana-bayou-bridge-pipeline-tigerswan-private-security/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjADegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://theintercept.com/2018/03/30/louisiana-bayou-bridge-pipeline-tigerswan-private-security/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://theintercept.com/2018/03/30/louisiana-bayou-bridge-pipeline-tigerswan-private-security/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjADegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer;">TigerSwan Employee Quietly Registered New Business in Louisiana ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font 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style="line-height: 1.54;">Mar 30, 2018 -&nbsp;</span>A&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">TigerSwan</span>&nbsp;Employee Quietly Registered a New Business in ... was unfit to obtain a license to work in the state based on a&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">lawsuit</span>&nbsp;it is facing&nbsp;...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAIQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFSgAMAR6BAgCEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" 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New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.apnews.com/e637118294d34f87ae73d21560d5af09/Security-company-seeks-settlement-in-Dakota-Access-dispute" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.apnews.com/e637118294d34f87ae73d21560d5af09/Security-company-seeks-settlement-in-Dakota-Access-dispute&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAEegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer;">Security company seeks settlement in Dakota Access dispute - AP 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break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">May 15, 2018 -&nbsp;</span>The board&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">sued TigerSwan</span>&nbsp;last June, alleging that the company had operated without a license.&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">TigerSwan</span>&nbsp;says it provided consulting&nbsp;...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFSgAMAV6BAgBEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" 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face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.apnews.com/3185fff7191843a082a7f8c5f426f921/Judge-refuses-to-reopen-North-Dakota-pipeline-security-suit" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.apnews.com/3185fff7191843a082a7f8c5f426f921/Judge-refuses-to-reopen-North-Dakota-pipeline-security-suit&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAFegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer;">Judge refuses to reopen North Dakota pipeline security suit - AP 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overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">Aug 7, 2018 -&nbsp;</span>In June 2017, the North Dakota board&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">sued TigerSwan</span>, alleging it operated illegally because it didn't have a state license, and Rogneby has&nbsp;...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:St9t_ibNOOQJ:https://www.apnews.com/3185fff7191843a082a7f8c5f426f921/Judge-refuses-to-reopen-North-Dakota-pipeline-security-suit+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" 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size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></font></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAGegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></font></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a 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href="https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAGegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></font></font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAGegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAGegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer;">Security firm TigerSwan was paid to build a conspiracy lawsuit against ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.54; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.43;">https://grist.org/.../security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-aga...</cite></font></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=tigerswan+lawsuit&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwio1rXusLrjAhVVV80KHfplBHkQ1QIoAHoECBYQAQ&biw=1588&bih=740#" id="am-b6" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQ7B0wBnoECAcQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 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size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:nHhGRH3pMYoJ:https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:nHhGRH3pMYoJ:https://grist.org/briefly/security-firm-tigerswan-was-paid-to-build-a-conspiracy-lawsuit-against-dapl-protesters/%2B%26cd%3D7%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAGegQIBxAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">Nov 16, 2017 -&nbsp;</span>The&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">lawsuit</span>&nbsp;alleges that environmental groups engineered the #noDAPL movement in order to garner donations.</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAgQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFSgAMAd6BAgIEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" 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size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://trofire.com/2019/04/10/mercenary-group-caught-acting-illegally-with-monitoring-pipeline-protest-groups/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://trofire.com/2019/04/10/mercenary-group-caught-acting-illegally-with-monitoring-pipeline-protest-groups/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAHegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer;">Mercenary Group Caught Acting Illegally With Monitoring Pipeline 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size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://shadowproof.com/2018/10/30/county-sheriff-tigerswan-lawsuit-blocking-water-protectors-dapl/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://shadowproof.com/2018/10/30/county-sheriff-tigerswan-lawsuit-blocking-water-protectors-dapl/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAIegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://shadowproof.com/2018/10/30/county-sheriff-tigerswan-lawsuit-blocking-water-protectors-dapl/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://shadowproof.com/2018/10/30/county-sheriff-tigerswan-lawsuit-blocking-water-protectors-dapl/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAIegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer;">Morton County Sheriff, TigerSwan Face Lawsuit For ... - 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</font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.54; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 1px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.43;">https://shadowproof.com/.../county-sheriff-tigerswan-lawsuit-blocking-water-protector...</cite></font></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=tigerswan+lawsuit&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwio1rXusLrjAhVVV80KHfplBHkQ1QIoAHoECBYQAQ&biw=1588&bih=740#" id="am-b8" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQ7B0wCHoECAkQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; 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face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:cVrnyrMJvQMJ:https://shadowproof.com/2018/10/30/county-sheriff-tigerswan-lawsuit-blocking-water-protectors-dapl/+&cd=9&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:cVrnyrMJvQMJ:https://shadowproof.com/2018/10/30/county-sheriff-tigerswan-lawsuit-blocking-water-protectors-dapl/%2B%26cd%3D9%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAIegQICRAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">Oct 30, 2018 -&nbsp;</span>Morton County Sheriff,&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">TigerSwan</span>&nbsp;Face&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">Lawsuit</span>&nbsp;For Blocking Water Protectors' Travel And Assembly During DAPL Construction.</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAAQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFSgAMAl6BAgAEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.54;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" 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size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAJegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer;" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.33;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a 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size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQFjAJegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer;">Lawsuit Over Highway Shutdown During #NoDAPL Protests Expands</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font 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display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.54; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.54;">Feb 4, 2019 -&nbsp;</span>As private security company,&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">TigerSwan</span>, disputes whether they should be a target of a class action&nbsp;<span style="font-weight: bold;">lawsuit</span>&nbsp;brought on behalf of indigenous&nbsp;...</font></span></a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div></div></div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; 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display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Greater Los Angeles Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kelly Cole&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CEO, JABRIEL</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fayetteville, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to Kelly Cole. CEO, JABRIEL, Fayetteville, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frank K.&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Member at Whitefish Veterans Support Team</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wilmington, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to Frank K.. Member at Whitefish Veterans Support Team, Wilmington, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">LinkedIn Member</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Finance Manager at TigerSwan</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">LinkedIn Member</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Accounts Payable Specialist at TigerSwan</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian Smith&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Vice President, Finance at TigerSwan</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to Brian Smith. Vice President, Finance at TigerSwan, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">LinkedIn Member</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">System Administrator at Perspecta</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kelly Weisman&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Capture and Proposals at TigerSwan</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to Kelly Weisman. Capture and Proposals at TigerSwan, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p2</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></a></font></font></div><div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Stephen McCormick&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Patrol Supervisor at Sunstates Security</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to Stephen McCormick. Patrol Supervisor at Sunstates Security, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Corey Lynn&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them. – Walt Disney</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to Corey Lynn. All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them. – Walt Disney, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Brian Grenier&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Field Agent at TigerSwan</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Greater Philadelphia Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to Brian Grenier. Field Agent at TigerSwan, Greater Philadelphia Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Daniel McKeon&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd&nbsp;</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Security & Risk Mitigation Analyst</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Greater Minneapolis-St. Paul Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Message</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">David Aleksa&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">GSOC Manager</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to David Aleksa. GSOC Manager, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">LinkedIn Member</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">IT Director, Facility Security Officer at TigerSwan, Inc</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Shawn Sweeney&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Vice President of Operations at TigerSwan</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to Shawn Sweeney. Vice President of Operations at TigerSwan, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Jason Benedict&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Entrepreneur</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Panama City, Florida Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Connect</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">TigerSwan LLC&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">SDVOSB | Global Security and Risk Management ISO 9001 and 18788 and PSC.1 Certified</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">&nbsp;Message Send InMail to TigerSwan LLC. SDVOSB | Global Security and Risk Management ISO 9001 and 18788 and PSC.1 Certified, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Area</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">George Natvig&nbsp; 3rd degree connection3rd</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Small Unit Tactics Instuctor, Physical Training Instuctor,Tactical Medic, Civil Affairs, Retired Army Special Forces.</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Fayetteville, North Carolina Area...</font></a></font></font></div></div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">many more</font></a></font></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:kMR1NrN3gOUJ:https://shadowproof.com/2019/02/04/lawsuit-over-highway-shutdown-during-nodapl-protests-alleges-attempt-to-extort-standing-rock-sioux/%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjq8s6SvrrjAhVEAp0JHfPnAcsQIDAJegQIABAE" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></a></font></font></div></div></div></div></div></div>