Charles River Assoc CRA

=see franta weaponizingAlford busted on CRA study by Boxer, he gets tetchy (CRA go to attack on climate bills, including hers?)go to attack climate legislation bogus high cost families Inhoferenta-quote? [used by renta-tom]
...In addition, politicians such as U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren have criticized big mergers for giving a handful of companies too much clout. President-elect Trump said in October that his administration would not approve the AT&T-Time Warner merger “because it’s too much concentration of power in the hands of too few.”<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">During the campaign, Trump didn’t signal what his broader approach to mergers would be.But the early signs are that his administration will weaken antitrust enforcement and strengthen the hand of economists. He <a href="http://mlexmarketinsight.com/editors-picks/former-ftc-commissioner-wright-lead-trump-transition-antitrust/?source=mlextwitter" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">selected</a> Joshua Wright, an economist and professor at George Mason’s Antonin Scalia Law School, to lead his transition on antitrust matters. Wright, himself a former consultant for Boston-based Charles River Associates, regularly celebrates mergers in speeches and articles and has supported increasing the influence of economists in assessing monopoly power. “Mergers between competitors do not often lead to market power but do often generate significant benefits for consumers,” <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2016/11/14/should-the-government-bring-back-trust-busting" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">he wrote</a> in The New York Times this week.=<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">===</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">morano?</div><div>October 17, 2008<h2 class="interiortitle press-releasetitle" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">LCVs Environmental Scorecard Marred by Partisan Politics, Inhofe Says</h2><h3 class="press-releasesubtitle" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3;">Inhofe Fought LCV Agenda Which Would Have Driven Up Costs On Oklahoma Families</h3><div class="press-release__body" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 4rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 2;">WASHINGTON, D.C. - U.S. Senator James Inhofe (R-Okla.), Ranking Member of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, today commented on the League of Conservation Voters (LCV) 2008 National Environmental Scorecard. One of the three votes used by the LCV to score Senators was on the Lieberman-Warner bill (S. 2191). The Lieberman-Warner bill would have increased household costs for every family of 4 in Oklahoma by $3,298. Because of the rising cost of home heating and electricity, the average increase per U.S. household will be $1,740 per year by 2020, according to Charles River Associates. Further, Lieberman-Warner would increased costs at the pump. <a href="http://inhofe.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.JimsJournal&ContentRecord_id=3b6507d0-802a-23ad-4fe1-af08d4abd834&Region_id=&Issue_id=" title="http://inhofe.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.JimsJournal&ContentRecord_id=3b6507d0-802a-23ad-4fe1-af08d4abd834&Region_id=&Issue_id=" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Read more about the high cost of Lieberman-Warner on Oklahoma</a>."The LCV is one of the most liberal partisan special-interest groups that make up the Democratic Party," Senator Inhofe said. "It should come as no surprise that I and many fellow Republicans have never received high marks from this Washington, D.C., liberal special-interest group. LCV simply measures the greenness of politicians by how many federal laws they impose on the American people."I released a report in September that details how LCV is a funding arm of the Democratic Party. LCV takes donations given to ‘save the environment' and uses them to fund ads for Democratic candidates such as Ben Lujan from New Mexico. LCV, similar to other groups highlighted in my comprehensive funding report, disguises itself as an environmental group dedicated to saving the environment, yet it is simply an extension of the Democratic political party.  "LCV erroneously claimed that the failed Lieberman-Warner global warming cap-and-trade bill of June 2008 saw its ‘debate cut short' by opponents. In reality, Senators who opposed the doomed bill were eager for the debate to continue while the bill's sponsors wanted the bill to die a quick death. The fact is, Lieberman-Warner would have driven up costs on American families and would have put thousands of Americans out of work."In addition, LCV claimed that 54 U.S. Senators ‘supported taking action' with the failed cap-and-trade climate tax bill. LCV should check its math, as nearly 30% of Senate Democrats opposed the Lieberman-Warner cap-and-trade bill. In the end, Senator Boxer only had at most 35 Democratic Senators willing to vote for final passage on the largest tax bill in U.S. history. The Boxer Climate Tax Bill was so thoroughly disowned by Democratic Leadership that proponents of climate taxes will now be forced to start from scratch next year."Related Links:<a href="http://inhofe.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.JimsJournal&ContentRecord_id=3b6507d0-802a-23ad-4fe1-af08d4abd834&Region_id=&Issue_id=" title="http://inhofe.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.JimsJournal&ContentRecord_id=3b6507d0-802a-23ad-4fe1-af08d4abd834&Region_id=&Issue_id=" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">The High Cost of Lieberman-Warner on Oklahoma Families</a><a href="http://inhofe.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.JimsJournal&ContentRecord_id=4e57c69f-802a-23ad-46d3-68a35cfacb47&Region_id=&Issue_id=" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">We Don't Need a Climate Tax on the Poor (Senator Inhofe, The Wall Street Journal)</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=9A6B3E3D-802A-23AD-4B28-ACE55E0CC516" title="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=9A6B3E3D-802A-23AD-4B28-ACE55E0CC516

blocked::http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=9A6B3E3D-802A-23AD-4B28-ACE" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Inhofe Report Exposes Environmental Groups as ‘Massive Democratic Political Machines' - September 25, 2008</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=142d595f-411a-4057-b495-029a095fe25f" title="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=142d595f-411a-4057-b495-029a095fe25f

blocked::http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=142d595f-411a-4057-b495-029a095fe25f

http://epw.senate.gov/pu" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Weblink to Inhofe's full 2008 report: Political Activity of Environmental Groups and their Supporting Foundations</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Blogs&ContentRecord_id=0269a868-802a-23ad-46c9-95deeefa13d6" title="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Blogs&ContentRecord_id=0269a868-802a-23ad-46c9-95deeefa13d6

blocked::http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Blogs&ContentRecord_id=0269a868-802a-23ad-46c9-95deeefa13d6

http://e" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Follow up to Report:  Defenders of Wildlife's Partisan & Misleading Ads on Aerial Wolf Hunt - October 15, 2008</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=869C4169-802A-23AD-4F5F-6BA3C37FDFE6" title="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=869C4169-802A-23AD-4F5F-6BA3C37FDFE6

blocked::http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=869C4169-802A-23AD-4F5F-6BA" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">INHOFE DISMISSES LCV'S ATTACK AS "WASHINGTON POLITICS AT ITS WORST" - September 9, 2007</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Blogs&ContentRecord_id=5F9C951D-802A-23AD-4C15-0D6261356020" title="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Blogs&ContentRecord_id=5F9C951D-802A-23AD-4C15-0D6261356020

blocked::http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Blogs&ContentRecord_id=5F9C951D-802A-23AD-4C15-0D6261356020

http://e" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Boxer's Math Does Not Add Up: Letter Reveals 10 Democratic Senators Opposed Climate Tax Bill  - June 6, 2008</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.Facts&ContentRecord_id=91BCFE7A-802A-23AD-409F-F852F0C562E9" title="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.Facts&ContentRecord_id=91BCFE7A-802A-23AD-409F-F852F0C562E9

blocked::http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressRoom.Facts&ContentRecord_id=91BCFE7A-802A-23AD-409F-F852F0C562E9

http:/" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Inhofe: Dems Running on Empty - Oped in Human Events - June 16 , 2008</a></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/20090923alford.pdf">https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/20090923alford.pdf</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9/09 cites CRA issa rank member</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="">civil rights laws --> job killers</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">~ waxman-markey</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style=""><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">House Committee on Oversight and Reform</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Search domain oversight.house.govhttps://oversight.house.gov › sites › democrats.oversight.house.gov › files › documents › 20090923alford.pdf</div><div style="">National Black Chamber of Commerce 1350 Connecticut Avenue NW Suite 405, Washington DC 20036 ... Harry C. Alford President/CEO . Honorable Chairman Towns, Ranking Minority Member Issa, the National Black Chamber of ... Our study done by Charles River Associates has been accepted by many prestigious organizations. In that study, it clearly shows ...</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">President/CEO Harry Alford's testimony before the ...</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Search domain nationalbcc.org</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.nationalbcc.org › news › testimonials › 849-presidentceo-harry-alfords-testimony-before-the-committee-on-oversight-and-government-reform-scheduled-for-september-23rd-2009-69504073</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Our study done by Charles River Associates has been accepted by many prestigious organizations. In that study, it clearly shows that certain geography will suffer the greatest impact from losing the estimated 3.3 million jobs as a result of this bill being enacted. Attached is a map showing a 700 mile radius around Nashville, Tennessee. This ...</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">---</div><div style=""><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div>https://www.nationalbcc.org › news › testimonials › 849-presidentceo-harry-alfords-testimony-before-the-committee-on-oversight-and-government-reform-scheduled-for-september-23rd-2009-69504073</div><div>Our study done by Charles River Associates has been accepted by many prestigious organizations. In that study, it clearly shows that certain geography will suffer the greatest impact from losing the estimated 3.3 million jobs as a result of this bill being enacted. Attached is a map showing a 700 mile radius around Nashville, Tennessee. This ...</div><div>
</div><div>The next potential negative initiative is the Waxman/Markey Bill which is headed for the Senate. Our study done by Charles River Associates has been accepted by many prestigious organizations. In that study, it clearly shows that certain geography will suffer the greatest impact from losing the estimated 3.3 million jobs as a result of this bill being enacted. Attached is a map showing a 700 mile radius around <st1:place style="box-sizing: border-box;" xmlns:st1="st1"><st1:city style="box-sizing: border-box;" xmlns:st1="st1">Nashville</st1:city>, <st1:state style="box-sizing: border-box;" xmlns:st1="st1">Tennessee</st1:state></st1:place>. This area accounts for 86% of the national Black population. As you will see the greatest job loss would land into this area. We pray that this bill is killed and we can start over with a responsible bill that doesn’t target specific groups for pain.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box;" xmlns:o="o" />In essence, we are most concerned about activity that feeds unemployment and will sustain it and activity that will, in fact, increase unemployment in Black and other minority communities. It doesn’t have to be that way. The “ball” is in your court. Let’s enforce the good laws and prevent the bad ones from exacting their dirty deeds.<o:p style="box-sizing: border-box;" xmlns:o="o" />In regards to foreclosures we can enhance employment by attending to the above. Increasing employment would directly affect peoples’ ability to pay their mortgages. There isn’t much we can actually do but let the market take its course. Hopefully, we won’t go down that avarice road of sub-prime mortgages again and reign in renegade investors. Banks have been bailed out for the most part but the individual mortgage holders have to feel the pain and take their losses.</div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style=""><div data-reactid="201" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> franta weaponizing econ <div class="sectionInfo abstractSectionHeading" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 id="abstract" class="section-heading-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 32px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 0;">aBSTRACT</h2></div><div class="abstractSection abstractInFull" style="box-sizing: border-box;">The role of particular scientists in opposing policies to slow and halt global warming has been extensively documented. The role of economists, however, has received less attention. Here, I trace the history of an influential group of economic consultants hired by the petroleum industry from the 1990s to the 2010s to estimate the costs of various proposed climate policies. The economists used models that inflated predicted costs while ignoring policy benefits, and their results were often portrayed to the public as independent rather than industry-sponsored. Their work played a key role in undermining numerous major climate policy initiatives in the US over a span of decades, including carbon pricing and participation in international climate agreements. This study illustrates how the fossil fuel industry has funded biased economic analyses to oppose climate policy and highlights the need for greater attention on the role of economists and economic paradigms, doctrines, and models in climate policy delay.
1 Introduction<div id="s0001" class="NLM_sec NLM_sec-type_intro NLM_sec_level_1" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); padding: 0px 0px 1rem; margin-top: 2rem;"><div class="quote" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0px 1em 5em;">What bothers me is that our analysis just talked about the costs; we didn’t talk about the whole problem of global warming. There are also consequences to doing nothing about climate change. In fact, it looks more and more like there are serious potential consequences of doing nothing.</div><div class="quote" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0px 1em 5em;">I believe we conducted sound economic analyses of the costs of reducing emissions … but I regret not being in a position where I could tell what I feel is the whole story.- Economic consultant Paul Bernstein<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#en0001" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1</a></div>Numerous industries under regulatory threat have used the language of science to defend their commercial interests. The tobacco industry, under Operation Whitecoat, cultivated and funded a worldwide network of scientists to act as spokespeople and convince the public that the harms of cigarettes remained unproved (U.S. v. Philip Morris USA, Inc.,  <a data-rid="cit0076" data-reflink="i10 _i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2006</a>). The lead industry supported Harvard professor Joseph Aub to perform research ignoring the effects of lead on children (Markowitz and Rosner <a data-rid="cit0052" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2002</a>). Chemical companies routinely hire scientific consulting firms such as Exponent, ChemRisk, Ramboll, and Gradient to produce studies disputing the hazards of products for lawmaking and litigation (Michaels <a data-rid="cit0053" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2020</a>).For some industries, science represents both a danger and an opportunity. Scientists make potent spokespeople, and rhetorical positions ostensibly backed by science are powerful, while misalignments between industry pronouncements and the scientific community can spell trouble. An early handbook written for regulated industries even has among its top recommendations, ‘Coopt the Experts’ (Owen and Braeutigam <a data-rid="cit0068" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1978</a>). The handbook explains (p. 7):<div class="quote" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0px 1em 5em;">“Regulatory policy is increasingly made with the participation of experts, especially academics. A regulated firm or industry should be prepared whenever possible to coopt these experts. This is most effectively done by identifying the leading experts in each relevant field and hiring them as consultants or advisors, or giving them research grants and the like. This activity requires a modicum of finesse; it must not be too blatant, for the experts themselves must not recognize that they have lost their objectivity and freedom of action. At a minimum, a program of this kind reduces the threat that the leading experts will be available to testify or write against the interests of the regulated firms. AT&T has made a major investment, for instance, in very high grade economic talent over the past decade. It is not entirely accidental that this group of economists has produced a formidable new theory of multiproduct natural monopoly that may serve as a powerful argument in favor of barriers to entry and the exclusion of competitors in AT&T markets.”</div>Economists, as the above quote indicates, are particularly relevant to industry efforts to influence regulation. In the context of climate change politics, much as been written about the use of scientists, often supported by fossil fuel or other antiregulatory interests, as spokespeople for policy delay (Oreskes and Conway <a data-rid="cit0067" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2011</a>). Yet less attention has been paid to the role of economists.By the early 1980s, at least some economists were already counteracting calls for policies that would help prevent and minimize global warming. In 1983, the US National Academy of Sciences published Changing Climate, a report presenting an overview of contemporary climate science and policy thinking (National Research Council <a data-rid="cit0061" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1983</a>). The portions by scientists, for the most part, warned that continued fossil fuel use would have dire consequences. Oceanographer Roger Revelle discussed the potential disintegration of the West Antarctic Sheet, warning that such a development would ‘flood all existing port facilities and other low-lying coastal structures, extensive sections of the heavily farmed and densely populated river deltas of the world … and large areas of many of the world’s major cities’ (p. 442).The economists, in contrast, counseled against policy action, suggesting that global warming might not be that bad. Thomas Schelling of Harvard University argued that migration and adaptation would be preferable to reducing fossil fuel emissions. ‘It would be wrong to commit ourselves to the principle,’ he wrote, ‘that if fossil fuels and carbon dioxide are where the problem arises, that must also be where the solution lies’ (p. 449). William Nordhaus of Yale University agreed, writing that although a fossil fuel tax would reduce emissions, ‘[t]he strategies suggested … by Schelling … climate modification or simply adaptation to a high CO2 and high temperature world – are likely to be more economical ways of adjusting’ (p. 151). Yet neither economist provided a detailed analysis to support his conclusions.The report’s summary, written by physicist William Nierenberg, adopted the economists’ position, stating (p. 61–62):<div class="quote" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0px 1em 5em;">[I]t could be that emissions will be low, or that concentrations will rise slowly, or that climatic effects will be small, or that environmental and societal impacts will be mild … It is probably wiser not to act aggressively to ‘solve the CO2 problem’ right now, when we really do not know the future consequences or context of CO2 increase. In trying to consider the world of 50 or 100 years from now, we cannot be sure that we can tell the difference between solutions and problems.</div>While the scientists’ warnings were supported by decades of research, the economists’ reassurances were closer to hopeful guesses. Although it was possible that global warming would be less severe than expected, by the same logic it could also be worse. Coastal flooding worldwide would presumably pose a serious problem in any century, and without an understanding of the damage global warming would cause, it was impossible for the economists to know whether adaptation or prevention would be more economical. Yet the economists’ arguments, though speculative, were given credibility by the National Academies report, which was used by the Reagan administration to promote further coal use (Oreskes and Conway <a data-rid="cit0067" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2011</a>, p. 182).Scientists had been warning of global warming increasingly since the 1950s (Franta <a data-rid="cit0040" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2018</a>), and by the early 1980s, even Exxon privately acknowledged that prompt action would be required to avoid severe damage (Knisely <a data-rid="cit0048" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1979</a>). Despite the scientific consensus, the Changing Climate report demonstrated how economic rhetoric could be used to delay policy action, reflecting a broader trend since the 1970s of industries deploying economic arguments against regulatory efforts (Waterhouse <a data-rid="cit0077" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2014</a>). The year after the report was published, its chairman, William Nierenberg, co-founded the George C. Marshall Institute, which went on to oppose climate policy for decades through a combination of science denial and anti-regulatory economic talking points (Oreskes and Conway <a data-rid="cit0067" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2011</a>).Thus, as pressure grew in the late 1980s to prevent severe global warming, it may not be surprising that the fossil fuel industry turned to economists to help influence public policy. Important among these economists were those at Charles River Associates, a US-based consulting firm that played a key role in weakening, delaying, or defeating a wide range of climate policies over the following years, including US carbon pricing proposals and international climate agreements. These economic consultants helped convince the public and policymakers that climate policy would be costly, global warming would be relatively unimportant, and there would be little harm in delaying action. Their work was paid for by the fossil fuel industry, a fact often concealed from the public, and their methodologies were incomplete in favor of the industry. Yet their results were only occasionally challenged and eventually formed a significant part of conventional economic thinking.<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#en0002" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2</a> The history of Charles River Associates illustrates how the fossil fuel industry has used biased economic analyses to weaken and defeat climate policy and highlights the need for greater attention on the role of economists and economic paradigms, doctrines, and models in climate policy delay.</div><div id="s0002" class="NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); padding: 0px 0px 1rem; margin-top: 2rem;"><h2 id="i3" class="section-heading-2" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 32px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 29.12px;">2. Carbon pricing in the 1990s</h2>1988 was a key year in the history of global warming politics. Climate scientist James Hansen testified to Congress that anthropogenic global warming was likely underway, the United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Canadian government sponsored a conference in Toronto calling for worldwide carbon dioxide emissions to be reduced by 20% by 2005 (Bodansky <a data-rid="cit0006" data-reflink="i10 _i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2001</a>). As Europe and Japan considered carbon taxes to meet the goals of the Toronto conference, the US petroleum industry and Bush administration insisted that climate science was uncertain and that controlling emissions would destroy the economy (Platt’s Oilgram News <a data-rid="cit0069" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1988</a>). Reinforcing the economic argument, in 1991 Bush’s Department of Energy released a report stating that the envisioned 20% reduction in emissions would require a large carbon tax of 500 USD per ton (Bradley et al. <a data-rid="cit0007" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1991</a>). Rather than emissions cuts, the report promoted the administration’s National Energy Strategy, which would allow emissions to grow until at least 2015 and called for the focus to be taken off of the fossil fuel sector....<div id="s0004" class="NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); padding: 0px 0px 1rem; margin-top: 2rem;"> To support his claims, the president cited a report paid for by the American Council for Capital Formation and authored by Montgomery, Bernstein, and others, who were now working at another consulting firm, NERA Economic Consulting (Bernstein et al. <a data-rid="cit0003" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2017</a>).</div><div id="s0005" class="NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); padding: 0px 0px 1rem; margin-top: 2rem;"><h2 id="i6" class="section-heading-2" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 32px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 29.12px;">5. Discussion</h2>Charles River Associates played a key role in weakening, defeating, and delaying US climate policy for decades. The group’s industry-funded reports provided economic talking points used by fossil fuel companies and the broader climate change counter-movement, often in combination with science denial, to oppose restrictions on carbon emissions (Brulle <a data-rid="cit0009" data-reflink="i10 _i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2014</a>, Jones et al. <a data-rid="cit0044" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2018</a>). Separate from impact, however, were Charles River Associates’ reports accurate?Following the tenets of neoclassical economics, Montgomery, Bernstein, and their coauthors assumed that the economy without climate policy was performing optimally, so that any limit on greenhouse gas emissions would hurt economic growth. Reflecting on the group's work, Bernstein explains that this assumption was attractive to the API. ‘Given the model’s view of the world, it’s clear that if you put on a constraint, then you’re going to require people to do something they’re not doing now, so it’s going to come at a cost,’ he says.<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#en0007" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">7</a> ‘So, in this case, if you put on a greenhouse gas limit, there’s going to be a cost to it.’ Bernstein reflects, ‘I think the API knew that if they had Charles River Associates run these models, it would produce the results the API wanted, namely that it would show a cost to this policy.’Crucially, the group's models ignored policy benefits, such as avoided global warming or improvements in air quality. Bernstein explains, ‘The models we had did not look at the benefit side. The only benefit we looked at was the reduction in emissions, but we didn’t quantify that in terms of dollars.’ With this limitation, Bernstein today offers an important caveat: ‘We could talk about cost effectiveness, but we couldn’t actually weigh the costs and the benefits. I think it served the API’s purpose.’Although details of the economists’ models remain proprietary, the reports that are publicly available illustrate their general methodology. When estimating the costs of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, for example, Montgomery, Bernstein, and Rutherford estimated that without climate policy, emissions would grow by about 60% in OECD countries by 2030 (Bernstein et al. <a data-rid="cit0005" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1997</a>). They then considered two climate policy emission paths: one in which carbon emissions would decline to 1990 levels by the year 2010 and remain there until 2030; and another in which emissions would be reduced even further to 10% below 1990 levels by 2010 and remain there until 2030. The difference in annual emissions between the no-policy, high carbon path and either of the two lower-emissions paths represented the emissions to be reduced each year.Rather than replacing fossil fuels with other energy sources, Charles River Associates assumed that emissions would be reduced primarily by reducing overall energy use. Then, the economists estimated the energy price increase that would be required to suppress energy use by the required amount each year. To accomplish this, the economists used a neoclassical general equilibrium model describing the global economy with three inputs – labor, capital, and energy – which could substitute for each other at costs given by elasticities of substitution, which quantitatively connected price changes to consumption changes. Arequired  reduction in energy use, along with elasticities of substitution, yielded an overall cost, which could be divided by the carbon emissions avoided to estimate an implied carbon price. The model estimated an implied carbon price of 200 USD–$350 per ton in 2010, which would rise to 430 USD–$580 per ton in 2030 as the difference between the no-policy and lower-carbon paths grew. The economists translated these costs to GDP and job losses and negative impacts on international trade.In reality, of course, fossil fuels are not the only source of energy, so emissions reductions do not necessarily imply reductions in energy use. The economists modeled this, albeit crudely, using a maximum implied carbon price. Once the price reached this limit, the economists assumed that a zero-emission energy source would be used for additional energy needs, leaving the carbon price stationary. To set this maximum carbon price, the economists assumed it would correspond to an energy source that would be six times more expensive than fossil fuel, forever. If clean energy became cheaper than expected, then the economists assumed it would still be four times more expensive than fossil fuel, forever.The overall approach inevitably yielded high cost estimates. First was the assumption on faith that unregulated markets produce optimal growth, so that any policy intervention would come at a cost. Second was the illogical assumption that carbon emissions would be reduced not by replacing fossil fuels with cleaner sources of energy but instead by suppressing overall energy use. Third was the use of elasticities of substitution empirically based on contemporary technologies, products, behaviors, and policies, which were subject to change over time and potentially of little relevance over the modeling period (through the 21st century). Finally, the economists ignored technological change, assuming that cleaner sources of energy would forever be prohibitively expensive.Even with correct cost estimates, the economists would have needed also to estimate the economic benefits of reduced fossil fuel use in order to assess whether climate policies were economically beneficial overall. Bernstein today acknowledges that their models should not have been used to make absolute cost assessments or oppose climate policy altogether. Instead, he notes, the models should have been used to compare the relative costs of policies designed to produce the same climate outcome. This has left Bernstein, who has become increasingly concerned about global warming and the use of his work to delay policy action, less than satisfied:<div class="quote" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 0px 1em 5em;">I would rather have a chance to tell the whole story. I think that there are costs to climate policies, but I also think there are efficient ways to implement them. Let’s not say that we shouldn’t do anything. That’s where I have a big problem: when our reports were used to say that we found some job losses, so we should do nothing. It’s a message often spread by the industries that stand to lose.</div>Bernstein, who deserves credit for shedding light on this issue, notes that Charles River Associates’ work was not entirely outside the mainstream. Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates, another consulting firm hired by the petroleum industry, also predicted high costs for climate policies (WEFA <a data-rid="cit0078" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1997</a>, <a data-rid="cit0079" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">1998</a>). Perhaps most significantly, Bernstein observes that Charles River Associates’ work was similar to work done by other modeling groups such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, which is also funded by fossil fuel companies, and that both Charles River Associates and the Joint Program participated in Stanford University's Energy Modeling Forum, which again is funded by fossil fuel companies.<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#en0008" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">8</a></div><div id="s0006" class="NLM_sec NLM_sec_level_1" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); padding: 0px 0px 1rem; margin-top: 2rem;"><h2 id="i7" class="section-heading-2" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 32px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 29.12px;">6. Conclusion</h2>For decades, the fossil fuel industry has hired economic consultants to help weaken and delay US and international climate policy. Among them, the economic consultants of Charles River Associates played a key role, helping to undermine carbon pricing, international climate agreements, and other climate policies from the early 1990s onward. The work of these economists was often portrayed to the public as independent, when in fact it was funded by the fossil fuel industry, and their models were incomplete and biased in favor of continued fossil fuel use. Yet their conclusions often passed without challenge and eventually came to represent a significant part of conventional economic wisdom.Research on the climate change counter-movement has traditionally focused on documenting the promotion of disinformation regarding climate science (Brulle <a data-rid="cit0009" data-reflink="i10 _i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2014</a>, Franta <a data-rid="cit0041" data-reflink="i10 i12" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636#" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">2021</a>). While such disinformation has played a crucial role in delaying effective climate policy, the fossil fuel industry and broader climate change counter-movement have also made frequent use of economic arguments to justify inaction. At the same time, the fossil fuel industry has made substantial investments in influential climate economics programs across the US. Further attention is needed on the role of economists and particular economic paradigms, doctrines, and models within climate politics and the perpetuation of fossil fuels.</div></div></div></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</div></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div>
http://dailycaller.com/2013/08/11/harry-alford-on-obama-priorities-this-is-not-america-video/Committed to successful black entrepreneurship, Harry C. Alford, Jr. has been president of the National Black Chamber of Commerce since 1993.During that time, he has spoken out with increasing boldness against the liberal orthodoxy hurting the black community. In 2009, he took on Democratic California Sen. Barbara Boxer at a cap-and-trade hearing, and that video <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FE_jGD5nZ6U" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">went viral</a>.
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FE_jGD5nZ6U">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FE_jGD5nZ6U
</a>[boxer invites to come to CA to see new jobs,  condescending, it's racial, i take offense to it, a vet of this country; why don't you quote an Asian? path going to explode in the Post
Pews study, naacp resolution put in record; john grant 100 bl men of atlanta (millions of jobs, support naccp; Just as in my community..." oil co CRA report: exxon mobil 100K$ for CRA he cites; inhofe wants actual resolution CRA represent broad...anyone who wants them to do work they will]
Army: must contend with some other black gp; this has to do with energy; married to vet, nothing to do with this issue; ]
{{  Black Chamber of Commerce, President and CEO Harry Alford accused Senator Boxer (D-CA) of  playing race politics during an EPW Committee hearing on green jobs.
1965 boxer chair he said 1962 arrivesd 406naacp historic resolution put in recordjohn grant 100 bl men of atlanta grn jobs 
condes to quote another bl man gp, it's racial, i take offense, a vet 
path is going to explode in postpew study of ca"you're speaking on behalf of blk ppl?" study"diversity"?
boxer: oil corps funded CRA study you quoteinhofe backs CRA, demands naacp reso put in rec b/c it does not specifically endorse this bill?600k views
road is godawfulmarried to a vetDC bethesda inhofe}}In this interview with Alford, he continues to boldly confront the politics of government dependency, which he believes stand opposed to the founding principles of capitalism, private property and opportunity.Alford claims President Barack Obama is hurting black entrepreneurship everyday with entitlements and dependency.“He’s just after votes,” Alford said of Obama. “And people who don’t know, ‘He gives me a free cell phone, I increase my food stamps.’ That’s not America. That’s not why we fought the British.”=kill mccain-lieberman:From 2003 to 2005, these two DCI Group’s creations, Tech Central and United4Jobs, were used together to fight the McCain-Lieberman legislation.  <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4792633-2003-Charles-River-Associates-Tech-Central.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">Tech Central Science Foundation</a>, the ExxonMobil funded org, paid Charles River and Associates to produce <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4792633-2003-Charles-River-Associates-Tech-Central.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">a report published in October 2003</a> on the theoretical economic impact of the McCain-Lieberman bill. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040617064632/http://www.unitedforjobs2004.org:80/ufj/wrapper.jsp?PID=8040-5&CID=8040-060704A" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">United4Jobs pushed that report </a>throughout <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040617064632/http://www.unitedforjobs2004.org:80/ufj/wrapper.jsp?PID=8040-5&CID=8040-060704A" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">2004 </a>and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006080619/http://www.united4jobs.org/studies/report.aspx?id=7" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">2005</a> claiming repeatedly that one million jobs would be lost if the McCain-Lieberman climate bill was passed and implemented.=<a href="https://www.yahoo.com/video/2013-03-11-energy-consultants-with-charles-river-associates-c.html">https://www.yahoo.com/video/2013-03-11-energy-consultants-with-charles-river-associates-c.html</a>PR BSEnergy Consultants with Charles River Associates (CRA) Release Study on the Economic Trade-Offs betwBusiness Wire via The Motley FoolMarch 11, 2013·3 min readEnergy Consultants with Charles River Associates (CRA) Release Study on the Economic Trade-Offs between LNG Exports and Manufacturing in the US Economy
BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Charles River Associates (NAS: CRAI) , a worldwide leader in providing management, economic, and financial consulting services, today announced that consultants in the firm's Energy Practice released the report "US Manufacturing and LNG Exports: Economic Contributions to the US Economy and Impacts on US Natural Gas Prices." CRA was retained by The Dow Chemical Company to examine the economic trade-offs between LNG exports and manufacturing in the US economy.
The report focuses primarily on the anticipated growth in the gas-intensive manufacturing industry and how it may contribute to GDP, employment and the trade balance relative to LNG exports. The report finds the following:
US manufacturing contributes more to GDP, employment, and to the reduction of the trade deficit as compared to LNG exports at a commensurate level of natural gas use.
A global LNG supply shortage of 20-35 billion cubic feet per day by 2030 is projected, and US exports would likely play a major role in filling the gap, which in turn could lead to a tripling of natural gas prices from current levels by 2030.Manufacturing is highly sensitive to natural gas prices, and a significant portion of the US manufacturing sector is exposed to impacts from projected increased natural gas prices.Current expectations for a low cost, gas-driven electricity economy and significant deployment of natural gas vehicles could be foregone due to LNG exports."CRA is pleased to lend its energy economics expertise to the national evaluation of US LNG exports," said CRA's President and Chief Executive Officer Paul Maleh. "Consultants in our Energy Practice employed our advanced, proprietary gas and electricity models, combined with additional economic tools, to produce a valuable contribution to the LNG export debate."CRA's project team was led by consultants in the Energy Practice, including report co-authors Ken Ditzel, Jeff Plewes and Bob Broxson.The report is available on CRA's website at: http://www.crai.com/uploadedFiles/Publications/CRA_LNG_Study_Feb2013.pdf
About CRA's Energy PracticeCRA's Energy Practice provides expert economic and business consulting services to a range of energy industry clients around the world. With years of industry experience and exceptional strength in analytics, the practice's consultants offer management and economic expertise in every phase of the energy cycle as well as hands-on experience helping clients manage market power, environmental policy, and regulatory issues. CRA has pioneered techniques and models that have become industry standards.
About Charles River Associates (CRA)Charles River Associates ® is a global consulting firm specializing in litigation, regulatory, financial, and management consulting. CRA advises clients on economic and financial matters pertaining to litigation and regulatory proceedings, and guides corporations through critical business strategy and performance-related issues. Since 1965, clients have engaged CRA for its unique combination of functional expertise and industry knowledge, and for its objective solutions to complex problems. Headquartered in Boston, CRA has offices throughout the world. Detailed information about Charles River Associates, a registered trade name of CRA International, Inc., is available at http://www.crai.com.="Before joining Philip Morris, Mr. Marden was a senior consultant at <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ernst_%26_Whinney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst & Whinney (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">Ernst & Whinney</a> in New York, where he provided economic consulting services to litigation attorneys in antitrust, products liability, and labor arbitration cases and presented testimony as an expert economic witness. He earlier served as a senior research associate at <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Charles_River_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles River Associates (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">Charles River Associates</a> in Boston, where he provided economic research and consulting services to business and government clients, specializing in antitrust and regulatory economics and policy impact evaluation. Among his primary activities were consulting to the counsel for the defendant in U.S. v. IBM."=<a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/these-professors-make-more-than-thousand-bucks-hour-peddling-mega-mergers">https://www.propublica.org/article/these-professors-make-more-than-thousand-bucks-hour-peddling-mega-mergers</a>If <span class="lead-in" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase;"> THE GOVERNMENT ENDS UP approving the $85 billion AT&T-Time Warner merger, credit won’t necessarily belong to the executives, bankers, lawyers, and lobbyists pushing for the deal. More likely, it will be due to the professors.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A serial acquirer, AT&T must persuade the government to allow every major deal.Again and again, the company has relied on economists from America’s top universities to make its case before the Justice Department or the Federal Trade Commission. Moonlighting for a consulting firm named Compass Lexecon, they represented AT&T when it bought Centennial, DirecTV, and Leap Wireless; and when it tried unsuccessfully to absorb T-Mobile. And now AT&T and Time Warner have hired three top Compass Lexecon economists to counter criticism that the giant deal would harm consumers and concentrate too much media power in one company.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Today, “in front of the government, in many cases the most important advocate is the economist and lawyers come second,” said James Denvir, an antitrust lawyer at Boies, Schiller.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">Economists who specialize in antitrust — affiliated with Chicago, Harvard, Princeton, the University of California, Berkeley, and other prestigious universities — reshaped their field through scholarly work showing that mergers create efficiencies of scale that benefit consumers. But they reap their most lucrative paydays by lending their academic authority to mergers their corporate clients propose. Corporate lawyers hire them from Compass Lexecon and half a dozen other firms to sway the government by documenting that a merger won’t be “anti-competitive”: in other words, that it won’t raise retail prices, stifle innovation, or restrict product offerings. Their optimistic forecasts, though, often turn out to be wrong, and the mergers they champion may be hurting the economy.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">American industry is more highly concentrated than at any time since the gilded age. Need a pharmacy? Americans have two main choices. A plane ticket? Four major airlines. They have four choices to buy cell phone service. Soon one company will sell more than a quarter of the quaffs of beer around the world.Some of the professors earn more than top partners at major law firms. Dennis Carlton, a self-effacing economist at the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business and one of Compass Lexecon’s experts on the AT&T-Time Warner merger, <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3219682-Carlton-Expert-Report-Kleen.html#document/p3/a328327" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">charges at least $1,350 an hour</a>. In his career, he has made about $100 million, including equity stakes and non-compete payments, ProPublica estimates. Carlton has written reports or testified in favor of dozens of mergers, including those between AT&T-SBC Communications and Comcast-Time Warner, and three airline deals: United-Continental, Southwest-Airtran, and American-US Airways.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">Mergers peaked last year at $2 trillion in the U.S. The top 50 companies in a majority of American industries gained share between 1997 and 2012, and “competition may be decreasing in many economic sectors,” President Obama’s Council of Economic Advisers warned in April.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">While the impact of this wave of mergers is much debated, prominent economists such as Lawrence Summers and Joseph Stiglitz suggest that it is one important reason why, even as corporate profits hit records, economic growth is slow, wages are stagnant, business formation is halting, and productivity is lagging. “Only the monopoly-power story can convincingly account” for high business profits and low corporate investment, Summers wrote earlier this year.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">In addition, politicians such as U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren have criticized big mergers for giving a handful of companies too much clout. President-elect Trump said in October that his administration would not approve the AT&T-Time Warner merger “because it’s too much concentration of power in the hands of too few.”<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px;">During the campaign, Trump didn’t signal what his broader approach to mergers would be.But the early signs are that his administration will weaken antitrust enforcement and strengthen the hand of economists. He <a href="http://mlexmarketinsight.com/editors-picks/former-ftc-commissioner-wright-lead-trump-transition-antitrust/?source=mlextwitter" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">selected</a> Joshua Wright, an economist and professor at George Mason’s Antonin Scalia Law School, to lead his transition on antitrust matters. Wright, himself a former consultant for Boston-based Charles River Associates, regularly celebrates mergers in speeches and articles and has supported increasing the influence of economists in assessing monopoly power. “Mergers between competitors do not often lead to market power but do often generate significant benefits for consumers,” <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2016/11/14/should-the-government-bring-back-trust-busting" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">he wrote</a> in The New York Times this week.<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 262.5px; padding: 0px 0px 1em; border: none; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.65em; vertical-align: baseline; width: 675px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">...
cited in support of AB 32? ~ prop 23?

fangProfessor Todd Zywicki is vying to be the toughest critic of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the new agency set up by the landmark Dodd-Frank financial reform law to monitor predatory lending practices. In research papers and speeches, Zywicki not only routinely slams the CFPB’s attempts to regulate bank overdraft fees and payday lenders; he depicts the agency as a “parochial” bureaucracy that is “guaranteed to run off the rails.” He has also become one of the leading detractors of the CFPB’s primary architect, Elizabeth Warren, questioning her seminal research on medical bankruptcies and slamming her for once claiming Native American heritage to gain “an edge in hiring.”Zywicki’s withering arguments against financial reform have earned him guest columns in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Times and on The New York Times’s website. Lobbyists representing the largest consumer finance companies in the country have cited his writings in letters to regulators, and the number of times he has testified before Congress is prominently displayed on his academic website at the George Mason University School of Law.What isn’t contained in Zywicki’s university profile, CV, byline or congressional testimony is the law professor’s other job: he is a director of the Global Economics Group, a consulting business that boasts in a brochure that its experts have been hired by industry to influence the CFPB and other regulatory agencies. Nor does Zywicki advertise Global’s client list, which includes some of the biggest names in the financial industry, among them Visa, Bank of America and Citigroup. Last summer, Zywicki’s firm was retained for $500 an hour on behalf of Morgan Drexen, a debt-relief company accused by the CFPB of deceiving consumers and charging illegal upfront fees. None of these potential conflicts of interest, however, have been disclosed during the course of Zywicki’s anti-CFPB advocacy in the media or in government.  After the financial industry lost the battle to defeat Dodd-Frank, it moved quickly to minimize the law’s impact during the long slog of implementation [see Gary Rivlin, “<a href="http://www.thenation.com/article/174113/how-wall-street-defanged-dodd-frank" data-ls-seen="1">How Wall Street Defanged Dodd-Frank</a>,” May 20]. Academics like Zywicki have played a key role in this process. As Wall Street firms seek to beat back hundreds of rules still under consideration, sponsored scholars have been at the front lines of obstructing reform.While sponsored research groups are something of a mainstay of Beltway lobbying campaigns, Dodd-Frank has created unique incentives for companies to hire professors to represent their point of view. The first reason is that Dodd-Frank delegates broad rulemaking power for some 400 regulations to a variety of agencies, giving lawyers and lobbyists the opportunity to flood policy-makers with comments, studies and testimony that could be used to affect the outcome of the proposed rules. The Volcker Rule alone—a regulation to prevent federally insured banks from making risky investments with depositors’ money—attracted more than 17,000 comments, including many from professors submitting their research. Several of the anti–Volcker Rule academics providing comments to regulators, such as Harvard Law School professor Hal Scott, have been paid by investment banks seeking to block the rule. A nonprofit financed by Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo and other investment banks has paid Scott nearly $1.3 million in compensation since 2007, as Reuters reported in 2010. Separately, Scott has received more than $1.7 million in cash and stock from Lazard since 2006, when he was elected to the company’s board. Scott’s submissions to regulators neglect to mention these payments and other consulting jobs, including one for State Street Corporation, that may color the professor’s outlook. “If someone is commenting on a regulation,” says the Sunlight Foundation’s Bill Allison, “there’s no requirement for disclosure.”The same problem exists with congressional testimony thanks to an ethics procedure change by House Republicans in 2011, which removed a requirement that those giving expert testimony reveal their private sector ties. So-called “Truth in Testimony” forms now ask only if an expert witness has received earmarks or government grants, allowing many Wall Street–sponsored professors to assume the guise of academic neutrality. Jeff Connaughton, who worked on financial reform as the chief of staff to then-Senator Ted Kaufman, says that professors receiving undisclosed payments has become a significant issue. “Academics are hired guns like anyone else,” he says. The second, and related, reason for the rising demand for sponsored academic research stems from a court ruling that has come to define financial reform implementation. In a decision handed down a year and a day after the Dodd-Frank legislation was signed by President <a data-ls-seen="1" href="http://www.thenation.com/section/barack-obama?lc=int_mb_1001" class="mandelbrot_refrag">Barack Obama</a>, the DC Circuit Court scolded regulators for failing “adequately to assess the economic effects” of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s proxy access rule, which was mandated by Dodd-Frank. The plaintiff in the case, the Business Roundtable, was represented by Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher’s Eugene Scalia, a prominent attorney and the son of <a data-ls-seen="1" href="http://www.thenation.com/section/supreme-court?lc=int_mb_1001" class="mandelbrot_refrag">Supreme Court</a> Justice Antonin Scalia. The decision—by a panel of Republican judges on a court that has been a hotbed of conservative legal activism—claimed that regulators had “failed to respond to substantial problems raised” by all of the comments submitted by various parties. The decision marked a new standard for financial regulators, who in the past have been given discretion to choose which comments to take into consideration when promulgating a new rule. Though the SEC had produced a detailed sixty-page analysis, this was not enough for the court. Every new rule since then has faced a heightened standard of scrutiny on economic cost-benefit analysis. As a result, financial firms have a new incentive to hire academics to flood the rulemaking process with studies arguing for modifications that will serve their interests. * * Consumer advocates and independent analysts do their best to weigh in as well, but they are outgunned. Meanwhile, consulting firms dedicated to playing matchmaker between corporations and hired experts have flourished in the new regulatory environment. Director Charles Ferguson, whose film Inside Job highlighted the role of sponsored professors in supporting the deregulatory policies that led to the financial meltdown in 2008, says the business of economic consulting firms that work to “source” academics for expert testimony and regulatory filings “has been going on for quite a while, and it’s now quite a large industry.”National Economic Research Associates, Oliver Wyman, Charles River Associates, Cornerstone Research and the Global Economics Group are just a few of the businesses devoted to helping Wall Street firms find academics. In the DC Circuit ruling against the proxy access rule, the court criticized regulators for failing to fully consider a study written by a Yale professor. The study was sponsored by National Economic Research Associates, which counts Barclays and Morgan Stanley among recent financial industry clients, and had never been peer-reviewed. Another such firm, Charles River Associates, advertises its services to help clients with “sophisticated economic and statistical analyses…in ways that regulators can easily understand.” Charles River flips the scientific method, promising that its academic services will “make strong cases to support desired outcomes.” Its roster of consultants included academics from the University of California, Berkeley; Harvard University; the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; and the University of Chicago. The company notes that many have worked on financial regulatory reform, including Dodd-Frank. In its annual report, Marsh & McLennan, the parent company of Oliver Wyman, touts the role of Dodd-Frank in bringing new business to its consulting subsidiaries. Similarly, the Global Economics Group boasts about its role in financial reform implementation, noting that its academics have submitted white papers and made presentations before regulators.More than a few scholars have taken advantage of opportunities to supplement their academic salaries. Zywicki’s colleague at George Mason, J.W. Verret, has produced research for regulators. Last year, he testified before Congress on the costs of Dodd-Frank. In the past year, Verret billed lobbying firm Greenberg Traurig (which represented the US Chamber of Commerce and Nomura Holdings, among other firms) nearly $50,000 for his consulting work, a job he did not disclose on his academic profile page. When Verret appeared before the congressional panel, he identified himself only through his academic credentials. Jim Overdahl, an economic consultant formerly with National Economic Research Associates, told The Nation that professors can fetch $5,000 per letter submitted to a regulator.Darrell Duffie, a professor of finance at Stanford University, is paid more than $200,000 in cash and stock every year for his board membership at Moody’s, the rating agency. Moody’s has championed him as an asset given his contacts with regulators. “Dr. Duffie has significant expertise in a number of areas that are directly relevant to the Company’s core business operations…and his opinions regarding financial regulatory reform have been solicited by various arms of the US government,” noted Moody’s when it nominated him to its board, listing the Senate Banking Committee, the House Financial Services Committee, and the Federal Reserve as places where Duffie enjoys access. Duffie, who has submitted comments in opposition to a number of Dodd-Frank regulations, is also a member of the Squam Lake Group, an association of economists who have offered regulatory reform ideas on issues that would affect credit rating agencies, including money market reform. In this context, the implementation of Dodd-Frank has been a nearly impossible task. Even as regulators struggle to produce lengthy economic cost-benefit analysis reports to justify the new rules, congressional Republicans have cut the budgets of various regulatory agencies. What’s more, the new standard won by Eugene Scalia has emboldened opponents of Dodd-Frank to produce more sponsored studies that can be used in legal challenges. In court, opponents of the law continue to score victories using the precedent set by the 2011 proxy access case.  * *How much of a difference can one academic make? Last September, a federal court knocked down a proposed regulation concerning “position limits,” a provision of Dodd-Frank designed to limit the role of speculators in inflating the price of commodities like oil, wheat and aluminum. To understand how this came about, follow the path of the University of Houston’s Craig Pirrong, who plays a Zelig-like role in the story of how this rule—hated by both the big speculators and the private exchanges in which commodities are traded—came to face delays, legal setbacks and now an uncertain future. While numerous studies have demonstrated, and even Goldman Sachs has conceded, that excessive speculation on crude oil has boosted the price of gasoline at the pump by billions of dollars for consumers, the impetus for reform can be traced to the record spike in gas prices in June of 2008. The following month, a congressional hearing was called on the role of speculators. That’s when Professor Pirrong’s assault began on what would later become part of Dodd-Frank. In his testimony, Pirrong said that “speculation is not the cause of high prices for energy products” and that there is “no evidence” to the contrary. In fact, there is an abundance of research, including a 2006 report from the Senate Homeland Security Committee, about the role of speculators in driving up the price of energy products like crude oil. Nevertheless, Pirrong pressed on, advocating against action on speculation in a report for the libertarian Cato Institute, in an opinion column for CNN Money, and in comments to major media outlets like the Financial Times. As Congress continued to debate a response to the speculation problem, Terry Duffy, executive chairman of the CME Group, the for-profit company that operates the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and other private commodity exchanges, implored lawmakers to ignore the calls for reform and instead listen to Pirrong, who, he said, was among the “community of responsible scholars of energy markets.” Pressure from consumer groups and commercial end-users of commodities mounted, and Dodd-Frank ultimately included a provision calling for a position-limits rule to curb how many futures contracts a speculator can hold at one time. The law required the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the government watchdog on commodity trading, to devise a regulation. As with any major regulation, when the CFTC announced the rule in 2011, the agency said it would welcome public comments to help inform the process. Pirrong then submitted comments, which were similar to the remarks he made in his 2008 congressional hearing. Lobbyists weighed in as well. Trade groups for hedge funds and investment banks submitted comments citing Pirrong’s writing in opposition to the regulation. Ultimately, the rule became riddled with loopholes before being released by the agency. However, before the rule could take effect, two industry groups, the International Swaps and Derivatives Association and the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, filed a lawsuit in US District Court. They retained Eugene Scalia and Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, the law firm that argued the proxy access case. Scalia and his colleague Miguel Estrada’s evidence? They cited Pirrong seven times in their brief, according to court documents. And last fall, the court handed Dodd-Frank one of its most visible defeats by siding with the financial industry to bat down the proposed rule. In every instance of Pirrong’s involvement with the position-limits rule, he identified himself as a professor of finance and as the energy markets director for the Global Energy Management Institute at the Bauer College of Business at the University of Houston. While Pirrong has disclosed at times that he has contracted with private exchanges in the past, including work on soybean futures in 1997, what he has not revealed is that the institute that employs him is underwritten by the largest speculation-industry players in the country. Pirrong’s Global Energy Management Institute has been funded by Citigroup, Merrill Lynch Global Commodities (a unit of Bank of America) and the New York Mercantile Exchange (owned by the CME Group), among others. Charles River Associates  is also a sponsor. In a now-deleted portion of the University of Houston website, corporate sponsors of the Global Energy Management Institute are invited to enjoy “access to [its] activities” and “an opportunity to influence its policies and direction.” Pirrong did not respond to a request for comment for this article. ==

Dr. Jan Acton, Vice President, Charles River Associates is also at <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Harvard_Center_for_Risk_Analysis">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Harvard_Center_for_Risk_Analysis</a>

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">Law360, New York (March 1<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">4, 2007<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">, 12:00 AM ET) -<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">- Certain Enron Corp. lawyers and witnesses willfully gave misleading evidence in the ongoing Enron Corp. settlement case before the <a href="http://www.law360.com/agencies/federal-energy-regulatory-commission" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none medium; text-decoration: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission</a><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;"> and ought to be suspended, a FERC judge said on Tuesday

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">FERC Administrative Law Judge Carmen A. Cintron accused economist Dr. Jan Paul Acton, business consultants Charles River Associates and Enron’s attorneys of filing “documents with the Commission which had been altered to eliminate relevant information.” <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">Cintron asked “Whether a hearing should be initiated to determine if Dr. Jan Paul Acton, Charles River Associates, and Enron’s attorneys should be suspended from appearing and practicing before the Commission?” and said “the recommended answer is yes.” <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">Cintron’s accusations are related to a recent FERC hearing to settle the amount of money Enron should pay customers in the Pacific Northwest for its manipulation of the energy market during the early 2000s. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">The municipal utility of Snohomish in Washington State and Enron have been battling over fees since 2003, when the Washington utility canceled a nine-year contract it had entered into with Enron in 2001. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">At the time the contract was drafted, an energy crisis had pushed prices skyward, and Snohomish had agreed to buy power from Enron at $109 per hour, more than four times the normal market price. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">When Enron collapsed later that year, the utility voided the contract, and after a FERC investigation into potentially fraudulent aspects of the deal was slow getting off the ground, Snohomish launched an inquest of its own. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">At a trial two weeks ago, Acton, who was vice-president of CRA in 2001, told the judge that he had not eliminated electricity trades between Enron affiliates during the energy crisis when he submitted subpoenaed data to FERC. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">However, lawyers for Snohomish revealed e-mail messages from Acton that suggested the contrary, including one in which Acton told the recipient that they would “generate a total of ‘8 spreadsheets’… listing all sales by Enron and all purchases by non-interveners.” <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">“Also note that I will be correcting the counterparty table sent earlier. Gary wants to drop a series of trades (and counterparty descriptions) for a set of counterparties internal to Enron, used for book keeping purposes (names like selling to Enron…),” Acton’s e-mail message said. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">Another email sent said “<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">There is a new column: Exclude. Use it to eliminate trades with these counterparties in all our reporting.” <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">In his defense, Acton said that he had deleted certain inside trades so that it would not slew the statistics for Enron’s real trades with outside entities. But Cintron rejected his explanation, saying, “This lack of candor and outright misleading is the type of conduct that should not be condoned by the Commission.” <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">“The willful, misleading and false actions of Dr. Acton as Vice President of CRA, CRA and Enron’s attorneys are the type of conduct which warrants Commission action,” Cintron said. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); float: none; display: inline !important;">Charles River Associates and Acton could not be reached for comment. <br style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 24px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" />

<li style="margin: 0px 0px 3px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-type: none;">Vice President at <a class="company-profile-public" href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/charles-river-associates?trk=ppro_cprof" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">CRA International</a></li>

</ul>

</dd>

<dt id="overview-summary-education-title" class="summary-education" style="margin: 1px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; z-index: 1; width: 116px; text-align: right; left: -10px; display: block;">Education</dt>

</ul>

</dd>

<dt style="margin: 1px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; z-index: 1; width: 116px; text-align: right; left: -10px;">Connections</dt>

70 connections

</dd>

<dt class="websites" style="margin: 1px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; z-index: 1; width: 116px; text-align: right; left: -10px;">Websites</dt>

<li style="margin: 0px 0px 3px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-type: none;"><a id="overviewsite" href="http://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ejanacton%2Ecom&urlhash=fpkX" target="_blank" title="New window will open" name="overviewsite" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">Personal Website</a></li>

</ul>

</dd>

</dl>

<h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 4px 4px 3px; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); outline: none 0px; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Jan Acton's Summary</h2>

</div>

<p class=" description summary" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.2; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Dr. Acton specializes in energy and environmental economics, competition policy, regulatory compliance, and industrial organization and deregulation. His expert analysis and testimony deals with issues of pricing, trading practices, market manipulation and anticompetitive behavior, liability for environmental activities, financial and environmental damages, and determination of remedies and penalty amounts. He is a recognized expert witness on electricity and gas pricing, trading practices, and market effects.

Prior to joining CRA, he served as assistant director at the Congressional Budget Office and before that as senior economist at the RAND Corporation where he directed the regulatory policies program and taught graduate microeconomics.

Dr. Acton has published more than 70 academic works and he has presented expert testimony on more than 30 occasions.

He has successfully led teams of experts on several high-stakes litigation matters.

<h4 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; line-height: 1.4;">Specialties</h4>

<p class="null" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.2; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Economic analysis; econometrics and statistics; demand analysis; damages and valuation; liability, penalty determination; pricing policy and rate design; investigation of anti-competitive behavior, price manipulation, market manipulation; energy including electricity and natural gas; environment, including Superfund (CEERCLA), toxic substances (TSCA, FIFRA), environmental dama

</div>

</div>

<h3 class="false" style="margin: 10px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; overflow: hidden;">Principal</h3>

</div>

<abbr class="dtstart" title="2008" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2008</abbr> – <abbr class="dtend" title="2009" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2009</abbr> (1 year)

</div>

<h4 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; line-height: 1.4;"><a class="company-profile-public" href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/charles-river-associates?trk=ppro_cprof" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">CRA International</a></h4>

</div>

<abbr class="dtstart" title="1999" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1999</abbr> – <abbr class="dtend" title="2008-12-01" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">December 200</abbr><abbr class="dtend" title="2008-12-01" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">8</abbr> (9 years)

Provided consultation and expert testimony on complex litigation involving allegation of price manipulation, environmental damages, and regulatory non-compliance. Officer in Charge on engagements valued in excess of $20 million.

</div>

</div>

<abbr class="dtstart" title="1999" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1999</abbr> – <abbr class="dtend" title="2008" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">2008</abbr> (9 years)

</div>

<h4 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; line-height: 1.4;"><a class="company-profile-public" href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/congressional-budget-office?trk=ppro_cprof" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">Congressional Budget Office</a></h4>

</div>

<abbr class="dtstart" title="1991-07-01" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">July 1991</abbr> – <abbr class="dtend" title="1999-04-01" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">April 1999</abbr> (7 years 10 months)

Directed the Natural Resource and Commerce Division, whose responsibilities included policy analysis and reporting on a broad range of industrial sectors, including energy, environment, banking and savings and loans,natural resources, hard rock minerals, transportation, communication, agriculture, and science and R&D policy. Supervised the work of 25 individuals with advanced training and presented testeimony before the U.S. Congress on numerous occasions.

</div>

<h4 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; line-height: 1.4;"><a class="company-profile-public" href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/rand-corporation?trk=ppro_cprof" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">RAND Corporation</a></h4>

</div>

<abbr class="dtstart" title="1970-10-01" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">October 1970</abbr> – <abbr class="dtend" title="1991-07-01" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">July 1991</abbr> (20 years 10 months)

Led projects and performed non-partisan analysis on a series of policy issues. Industries included health care, energy, environment, and communications. Principal investigator on a series of first-of-a-kind studies, including the electricity rate experiment in Los Angele and the bulk power supply experment on behalf of the Federal Energy Regulatoyr Commission. Published more than 70 articles in peer-reviewed journals and books. Directed the Retulatory Policy Program and taught graduate micro-economics in the RAND Graduate Institute's Ph.D. program.

</div>

<h4 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; line-height: 1.4;"><a class="company-profile-public" href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/rand-corporation?trk=ppro_cprof" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">The RAND Corporation</a></h4>

</div>

<abbr class="dtstart" title="1970" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1970</abbr> – <abbr class="dtend" title="1991" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1991</abbr> (21 years)

</div>

</div>

</div>

<h3 class="summary fn org" style="margin: 10px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; overflow: hidden;">Harvard University</h3>

<h4 class="details-education" style="margin: 0px 0px 2px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline: none 0px; font-weight: normal; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; line-height: 1.4;">Ph.D., Economics</h4>

Activities and Societies: Woodrow Wilson Fellowship. Harvard Graduate Prize Fellowshio, four years.

</div>

</div>

<h3 style="margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; border-width: 1px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-bottom-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; width: 580px;">Related Articles</h3>

<li style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; display: block; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://www.law360.com/articles/21016/enron-fights-judge-s-ruling-on-suspensions?article_related_content=1" title="Enron Fights Judge's Ruling On Suspensions" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; outline: none 0px; text-decoration: none;">Enron Fights Judge's Ruling On Suspensions</a></li>

<li style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; display: block; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://www.law360.com/articles/22577/ferc-orders-look-into-enron-attorneys-conduct-?article_related_content=1" title="FERC Orders Look Into Enron Attorneys’ Conduct " style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; outline: none 0px; text-decoration: none;">FERC Orders Look Into Enron Attorneys’ Conduct</a></li>

<li style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; display: block; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://www.law360.com/articles/17458/energy-restructuring-and-creditors-rights?article_related_content=1" title="Energy Restructuring And Creditors’ Rights" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; outline: none 0px; text-decoration: none;">Energy Restructuring And Creditors’ Rights</a></li>

<li style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; display: block; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://www.law360.com/articles/25762/ferc-snohomish-win-right-to-appeal-enron-order?article_related_content=1" title="FERC, Snohomish Win Right To Appeal Enron Order" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; outline: none 0px; text-decoration: none;">FERC, Snohomish Win Right To Appeal Enron Order</a></li>

<li style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; overflow: hidden; display: block; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://www.law360.com/articles/7156/washington-utility-denounces-enron-s-proposed-offer?article_related_content=1" title="Washington Utility Denounces Enron’s Proposed Offer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; outline: none 0px; text-decoration: none;">Washington Utility Denounces Enron’s Proposed Offer</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>

==

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://216.92.66.74/index.php/Bruce_Edelston" title="Bruce Edelston" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bruce Edelston</a> - Executive Director. Edelston is also President of the <a href="http://216.92.66.74/index.php?title=Energy_Policy_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy Policy Group (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Energy Policy Group</a>, an economics and public policy consulting firm serving the energy industries. Prior to founding the Energy Policy Group, Edelston was Director of Energy Policy for the <a href="http://216.92.66.74/index.php/Southern_Company" title="Southern Company" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Southern Company</a>and held several positions at the <a href="http://216.92.66.74/index.php/Edison_Electric_Institute" title="Edison Electric Institute" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Edison Electric Institute</a>. He also has prior experience with <a href="http://216.92.66.74/index.php?title=Charles_River_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles River Associates (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Charles River Associates</a> and the<a href="http://216.92.66.74/index.php/Westinghouse_Electric_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Electric Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Westinghouse Electric Corporation</a>.</li>

</ul>

==

wiki

Charles River Associates is a leading global consulting firm headquartered in Boston. On June 9, 2009, the Company acquired Marakon Associates. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: medium none; display: inline;">Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">hide</a>] </div>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#Ranking" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 Ranking</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#Practice_Areas" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 Practice Areas</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#Competitors" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3 Competitors</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#Offices" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4 Offices</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">5 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6 External links</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Ranking<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ranking" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit source</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ranking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">editbeta</a>]</h2>

CRA is ranked in several categories in Vault's 2012 rankings

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Economic Consulting (#8)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Green Initiatives (#19)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The Best Consulting Firms: Prestige (#39)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Vault Consulting 50 (#38)<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRA_International#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Practice Areas<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Practice Areas" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit source</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Practice Areas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">editbeta</a>]</h2>

Their practices include Aerospace & Defense, Antitrust & Competition Economics, Auctions & Competitive Bidding, Climate & Sustainability, Energy & Environment, Enterprise Risk Management, Financial Accounting & Valuation, Financial Markets, Financial Economics, Forensic Services, Insurance Economics, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_Property" title="Intellectual Property" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Intellectual Property</a>, Labor & Employment, Life Sciences, Mergers & Acquisitions, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_pricing" title="Transfer pricing" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Transfer pricing</a>, Value Management (Marakon)

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Competitors<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Competitors" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit source</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Competitors" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">editbeta</a>]</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERA_Economic_Consulting" title="NERA Economic Consulting" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">NERA Economic Consulting</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compass_Lexecon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compass Lexecon (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Compass Lexecon</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brattle_Group" title="The Brattle Group" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">The Brattle Group</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Research_Group" title="Berkeley Research Group" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Berkeley Research Group</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier_Economics" title="Frontier Economics" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Frontier Economics</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Offices<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Offices" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit source</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Offices" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">editbeta</a>]</h2>

North America: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Boston</a> (Headquarters); <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New York</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Atlanta</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Chicago</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Station" title="College Station" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">College Station</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Houston</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland" title="Oakland" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Oakland</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasadena,California" title="Pasadena, California" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pasadena</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasanton" title="Pleasanton" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pleasanton</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Salt Lake City</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">San Diego</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallahassee" title="Tallahassee" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Tallahassee</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Toronto</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,D.C." title="Washington, D.C." style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Washington, D.C.</a>

Europe: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Amsterdam</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Brussels</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Frankfurt</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">London</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Paris</a>

<h2 style="background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">References<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit source</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CRA_International&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">editbeta</a>]</h2>

</ol>

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<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.25em; border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.15em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2009/07/14/174379/bond-junk-farmers/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">Kit Bond Cites Junk Report To Claim Clean Energy Will Hurt Missouri Farmers</a></h4>

<p class="timestamp" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">BY GUEST BLOGGER ON JULY 14, 2009
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<h5 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; text-transform: uppercase;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/economy/issue/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px 4px; border-width: 0px 0px 4px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(216, 159, 0); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; text-transform: uppercase;">ECONOMY</a></h5>

<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.25em; border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.15em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2009/05/01/172753/cap-and-trade-works/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">Industry Analysts Who Got Acid Rain Cap & Trade Wrong Now Attacking Obama’s Green Economy Legislation</a></h4>

<p class="timestamp" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline;">BY B. FURNAS ON MAY 1, 2009

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===

California Assemblyman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dan_Logue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Logue (page does not exist)">Dan Logue</a> is "the brains behind" an effort to put a Suspend AB 32 initiative on the state's November 2010 ballot. The initiative (Proposition 23: the California Jobs Initiative) would suspend California's <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Global_Warming_Solutions_Act_of_2006" title="Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006">Global Warming Solutions Act</a>, A.B. 32, until the state's unemployment rate dips to 5.5 percent or lower<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-0">[1]</a> for four consecutive calendar quarters - a condition that has occurred only three times in the last 30 years, according to initiative opponents.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-1">[2]</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-2">[3]</a>

<h2>Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>] </div>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Title">1 Title</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Economic_impact">2 Economic impact</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Supporters">3 Supporters</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Committee">3.1 Committee</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Financial_support">3.2 Financial support</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#History">3.2.1 History</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#PR_Firms">3.3 PR Firms</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Opponents">4 Opponents</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Contributions">4.1 Contributions</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#States_vow_to_sue_CA_if_Suspend_AB_32_fails">5 States vow to sue CA if Suspend AB 32 fails</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Contact">6 Contact</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Articles_and_Resources">7 Articles and Resources</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Related_SourceWatch_Articles">7.1 Related SourceWatch Articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#References">7.2 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#External_resources">7.3 External resources</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#Campaign_Finance">7.3.1 Campaign Finance</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#External_articles">7.4 External articles</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>Title</h2>

Termed by supporters the California Jobs Initiative, California state Attorney General Jerry Brown has given it the official title Suspends Air Pollution Control Laws Requiring Major Polluters to Report and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions That Cause Global Warming Until Unemployment Drops Below Specified Level for Full Year<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-3">[4]</a>.

<h2>Economic impact</h2>

The economic study <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-4">[5]</a> that the initiative's backers originally cited<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-5">[6]</a> to justify the initiative has been widely attacked <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-6">[7]</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-7">[8]</a> for a number of reasons, one being including the costs but omitting the benefits; its main author has declined to defend the study against these criticisms.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-8">[9]</a>. This study, by Cal State University Sacramento Business School dean <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sanjay_Varshney" title="Sanjay Varshney">Sanjay Varshney</a> and professor <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dennis_Tootelian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Tootelian (page does not exist)">Dennis Tootelian</a>, was funded by the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=California_Small_Business_Roundtable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Small Business Roundtable (page does not exist)">California Small Business Roundtable</a> advocacy coalition.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-9">[10]</a>

A December 2009 report by the Center for Resource Solutions (CRS), looking at the Varshney study and three other studies, reported that "Three of four prominent analyses show the costs of climate policy are far outweighed by projected economic growth". These three other studies were conducted by the California Air Resources Board (CARB); University of California researchers; and Charles River Associates/Electric Power Research Institute.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-10">[11]</a>

A [March 2010] report by California's Legislative Analyst's Office predicted that AB 32 will result in short-term job losses, even though, the Huffington Post reported<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-11">[12]</a>, "the Union of Concerned Scientists pointed out that the report admits that predicting job losses or gains from AB 32 is extremely difficult, provides no independent research to back its claim of overall job losses, and fails to mention the numerous studies that have found that AB 32 would be a net job creator with little or no impact on small businesses."

<h2>Supporters</h2>

The California Secretary of State's website lists <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thomas_W.Hiltachk" title="Thomas W. Hiltachk">Thomas W. Hiltachk</a> as the initiative's proponent.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-12">[13]</a>

The SuspendAB32.org website lists proponents of the effort as U.S. Congressman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tom_McClintock" title="Tom McClintock" class="mw-redirect">Tom McClintock</a> and California Assemblyman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dan_Logue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Logue (page does not exist)">Dan Logue</a>.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-13">[14]</a>

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ted_Costa" title="Ted Costa">Ted Costa</a>, CEO of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/People%27s_Advocate" title="People's Advocate">People's Advocate</a>, had also been listed as a proponent until he turned against the effort in March 2010 due to its "country club" organization and unreported oil industry funding.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-14">[15]</a>

<h3>Committee</h3>

The committee supporting this effort is the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=California_Jobs_Initiative_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Jobs Initiative Committee (page does not exist)">California Jobs Initiative Committee</a>; its officers are<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-15">[16]</a>,<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-16">[17]</a>:

<ul>

<li>Sponsor: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jon_Coupal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon Coupal (page does not exist)">Jon Coupal</a>, president of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Howard_Jarvis_Taxpayers_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association (page does not exist)">Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association</a></li>

<li>Treasurer: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Colleen_McAndrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colleen McAndrews (page does not exist)">Colleen C. McAndrews</a> of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bell,McAndrews%26_Hiltachk,_LLP" title="Bell, McAndrews & Hiltachk, LLP">Bell, McAndrews & Hiltachk, LLP</a></li>

<li>"Other Principal Officer" <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Scott_Folwarkow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott Folwarkow (page does not exist)">Scott Folwarkow</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Valero" title="Valero">Valero</a>'s director of government affairs in California</li>

</ul>

<h3>Financial support</h3>

Records from California's secretary of state show more than $3 million has been spent to qualify the initiative, with eighty percent of that money from special interests outside of California, and 78 percent oil money.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-to-17">[18]</a>

A March 18 2010 Secretary of State filing reported the following "stop AB 32" donors:<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-18">[19]</a>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Valero" title="Valero">Valero</a> Services Inc., $500,000; San Antonio TX</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Tesoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tesoro (page does not exist)">Tesoro</a> Companies, $100,000; Long Beach. (Company HQ is in San Antonio TX<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-19">[20]</a>.)</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=World_Oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Oil (page does not exist)">World Oil</a> Corp., $100,000; Houston TX</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Tower_Energy_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tower Energy Group (page does not exist)">Tower Energy Group</a>, $100,000; Torrance CA</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=No_New_Taxes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No New Taxes (page does not exist)">No New Taxes</a>, a Project of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Howard_Jarvis_Taxpayers_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association (page does not exist)">Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association</a>, $100,001; Los Angeles CA</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Southern_Counties_Oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Counties Oil (page does not exist)">Southern Counties Oil</a> Co. DBA <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Total_Energy_Products&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Total Energy Products (page does not exist)">Total Energy Products</a>, $50,000; Orange CA</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=JACO_Oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JACO Oil (page does not exist)">JACO Oil</a> Co., $10,000; Bakersfield CA</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lumber_Association_of_California_and_Nevada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumber Association of California and Nevada (page does not exist)">Lumber Association of California and Nevada</a> PAC, $5000; Folsom CA</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Roger_W.Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger W. Cohen (page does not exist)">Roger W. Cohen</a>, Retired Physicist, $1000; La Jolla. (The former Manager of Strategic Planning and Programs for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil" class="mw-redirect">ExxonMobil</a>, he also reportedly lives (with same wife) in Durango CO.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-20">[21]</a>)</li>

</ul>

Other large donors include:

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Adam_Smith_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Smith Foundation (page does not exist)">Adam Smith Foundation</a>, $498,000; Jefferson City, MO. Missouri is home to two of the nation's largest coal companies, Peabody Energy Corp. and Arch Coal Co.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-Morain-21">[22]</a>; principals with the foundation have refused to say where the money came from.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-Morain-21">[22]</a></li>

</ul>

<ul>

<li>In September 2010, Flint Hills Resources, a Kansas petrochemical company that is a subsidiary of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Koch_Industries" title="Koch Industries">Koch Industries</a>, donated $1 million to the campaign.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-22">[23]</a></li>

</ul>

See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electiontrack.com/lookup.php?committee=1323890">ElectionTrack's page</a> for a current list.

<h4>History</h4>

As of mid-February 2010, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dan_Logue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Logue (page does not exist)">Dan Logue</a> had asserted that $700,000 had been committed to the effort to gather signatures, but neither he nor Ted Costa would identify the backers.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-23">[24]</a>

Up to $2 million had been pledged by Texas-based refiners <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Valero" title="Valero">Valero</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Tesoro_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tesoro Corporation (page does not exist)">Tesoro</a>, the Los Angeles Times reported March 3.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-latimes03-03-24">[25]</a>

<h3>PR Firms</h3>

Queries about the initiative's financial backers were referred to PR firm <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Goddard_Claussen" title="Goddard Claussen">Goddard Claussen</a>, a Sacramento-and-DC firm which "created the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Harry_and_Louise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry and Louise (page does not exist)">Harry and Louise</a> ads that helped kill health reform back in the early 1990s"; the Sacramento News and Review reported this firm had been hired to run the campaign.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-25">[26]</a>

Identified as spokeswoman for the signature-gathering effort is <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Anita_Mangels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anita Mangels (page does not exist)">Anita Mangels</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-26">[27]</a> of Bay Area "ballot measure and issue advocacy" firm <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Woodward%26_McDowell" title="Woodward & McDowell">Woodward & McDowell</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-27">[28]</a>, which is running the anti-AB32 <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/AB_32_Implementation_Group" title="AB 32 Implementation Group">AB 32 Implementation Group</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-28">[29]</a>. This firm has previously run campaigns to defeat measures that would have restricted smoking and permitted pay-at-the-pump auto insurance.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-29">[30]</a>.

<h2>Opponents</h2>

Opposing the initiative is Californians for Clean Energy and Jobs, "sponsored by environmental organizations and business. Major Funding by Green Tech Action Fund, Environmental Defense Fund and the Natural Resources Defense Council Action Fund California Ballot Measures Committee", according to the group's website.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-30">[31]</a> On June 23, 2010, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a> Chairman Carl Pope, and Bay Area environmental leaders held a press conference calling on Valero and Tesoro to stop “bankrolling a deceptive, special interest effort to repeal California's clean air and clean energy laws.”<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-to-17">[18]</a>

<h3>Contributions</h3>

From ElectionTrack, May 11 2010, contributors are:<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-31">[32]</a>

<ul>

<li>Green Tech Action Fund, San Francisco: $500,000 on 2010-03-31</li>

<li>Environmental Defense Fund, New York: $75,000 on 2010-03-31</li>

<li>Natural Resources Defense Council, New York: $12,500 on 2010-03-30</li>

<li>Natural Resources Defense Council Action Fund, California Ballot Measures Committee (Nrdc), Sacramento: $50,000 on 2010-03-25</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Nicolas_Berggruen" title="Nicolas Berggruen">Nicolas Berggruen</a> $250,000 donation <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-32">[33]</a></li>

<li>Thomas Steyer <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-33">[34]</a>(Hedge fund manager) donated $2.5 million <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-34">[35]</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/L.John_Doerr" title="L. John Doerr">John Doerr</a> (Venture capitalist) contributed $500,000 <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_note-35">[36]</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/specials/rich_list/article5821245.ece">Anne Earhart</a> (heiress to the Getty family fortune) has donated $250,000 <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-36">[37]</a></li>

</ul>

See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electiontrack.com/lookup.php?committee=1324059">ElectionTrack's page</a> on this committee for a current list.

<h2>States vow to sue CA if Suspend AB 32 fails</h2>

In September 2010, the attorneys general of at least four states are preparing to sue California if <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/AB_32" title="AB 32" class="mw-redirect">AB 32</a> survives the Prop 23 challenge. The attorneys general of Alabama, Nebraska, Texas, and North Dakota have been devising a legal strategy to challenge the California act on the grounds that it "interferes with the right to freely conduct interstate commerce" and thus violates the U.S. Constitution, according to attorney general of North Dakota Wayne Stenehjem.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_note-ms-37">[38]</a>

<h2>Contact</h2>

"Stop AB32" website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jobs2010ca.com/">http://www.jobs2010ca.com/</a> ( formerly <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://SuspendAB32.org">http://SuspendAB32.org</a> )

"No on 23, Stop the Dirty Energy Proposition" (Keep AB32) website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.stopdirtyenergyprop.com">http://www.stopdirtyenergyprop.com</a>

<h2>Articles and Resources</h2>

<h3>Related SourceWatch Articles</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Goddard_Claussen" title="Goddard Claussen">Goddard Claussen</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/AB32_Implementation_Group" title="AB32 Implementation Group" class="mw-redirect">AB32 Implementation Group</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Woodward_%26_McDowell" title="Woodward & McDowell">Woodward & McDowell</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/People%27s_Advocate" title="People's Advocate">People's Advocate</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ted_Costa" title="Ted Costa">Ted Costa</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bell,McAndrews%26_Hiltachk,_LLP" title="Bell, McAndrews & Hiltachk, LLP">Bell, McAndrews & Hiltachk, LLP</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thomas_W._Hiltachk" title="Thomas W. Hiltachk">Thomas W. Hiltachk</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Koch_Industries" title="Koch Industries">Koch Industries</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_H._Koch" title="David H. Koch">David H. Koch</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>References</h3>

<li id="cite_note-0"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-0">↑</a> Colin Sullivan (2010-02-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/cwire/2010/02/11/11climatewire-drive-to-delay-calif-climate-law-may-be-stuck-5461.html">Drive to Delay Calif. Climate Law May Be Stuck in Neutral</a>. New York Times (ClimateWire). Retrieved on 2010-02-26. “The brains behind the initiative in the state Assembly, Republican Dan Logue, recently told the Los Angeles Times that his campaign had $600,000 available to fund the signature-gathering operation, which requires 433,000 signatures by April 16 to qualify for the general election. His measure as currently drafted would repeal the law, A.B. 32, until the state's unemployment rate dips to 5.5 percent. But many close to the process, including an ally of Logue, say the effort has flagged in recent weeks and has yet to begin gathering signatures with about two months left until the deadline.”</li>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-1">↑</a> Jim Sanders (2010-03-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacbee.com/2010/03/04/2582486/capitol-alert-drive-launched-to.html">Capitol Alert: Drive launched to derail state's greenhouse gas law - Sacramento Politics - California Politics</a>. Sacramento Bee. Retrieved on 2010-03-04. “Opponents contend that the four-quarter threshold for reinstatement essentially would kill AB 32 because state records show that California has met the requirement only three times in the past three decades.”</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-2">↑</a> Craig Miller (2010-05-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/05/03/ab-32-stopper-headed-for-ballot/">AB 32 Stopper Headed for Ballot</a>. KQED's Climate Watch. Retrieved on 2010-07-30. “The proposed ballot measure would freeze AB-32 until the state’s unemployment level dropped to five-and-a-half percent—or lower--for one full year. That’s something that’s happened only three times since the mid-1970’s: once in the late 1980s (for about ten quarters), a similar stretch in the late ‘90s, and once in 2005-06. After the deep recession of the early ‘80s, it took the state’s unemployment rate about four-and-a-half years to move from its 11% peak back to the 5.5 percent threshold.”</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-3">↑</a> Margot Roosevelt (2010-02-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2010/feb/06/local/la-me-ballot-warming6-2010feb06">Effort underway to suspend California's global-warming law</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2010-03-04. “Sponsors of the California initiative, including Rep. Tom McClintock (R-Granite Bay), Ted Costa of the People's Advocate, a Sacramento-based anti-tax group, and Thomas Hiltachk, an attorney with Republican Party ties, have dubbed the measure the California Jobs Initiative. The official wording of the initiative, however, lies in the hands of Atty. Gen. Jerry Brown, an outspoken advocate of AB 32 and a presumptive Democratic candidate for governor. On Wednesday, his office discarded the "jobs initiative" title in favor of the unwieldy: "Suspends Air Pollution Control Laws Requiring Major Polluters to Report and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions That Cause Global Warming Until Unemployment Drops Below Specified Level for Full Year."”</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-4">↑</a> Sanjay Varshney and Dennis Tootelian (2009-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suspendab32.org/AB_32_Report071309.pdf">Cost of AB 32 on California Small Business - Summary Report of Findings (pdf)</a>.</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suspendab32.org/ab_32.htm">About AB 32 - Get California Back to Work! Suspend AB 32</a>. Suspend AB 32. Retrieved on 2010-03-12. “Economists estimate if nothing is done AB 32 will...”</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-6">↑</a> Mattew E. Kahn (2009-09-21). [<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/economics-sp/matthew_kahn.pdf">http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/economics-sp/matthew_kahn.pdf</a> A Review of Cost of AB 32 on California Small Businesses—Summary Report of Findings by Varshney & Associates]. Retrieved on 2010-03-01.</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-7">↑</a> James L Sweeney (2010-02-16). [<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/peec/cgi-bin/docs/policy/research/Sweeney%20Review%20of%20Varshney.pdf">http://www.stanford.edu/group/peec/cgi-bin/docs/policy/research/Sweeney%20Review%20of%20Varshney.pdf</a> Review of Varshney/Tootelian Report “Cost Of AB 32 On California Small Businesses – Summary Report Of Findings” (draft)]. Retrieved on 2010-03-01.</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-8">↑</a> Steven Maviglio (2010-02-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camajorityreport.com/index.php?module=articles&func=display&aid=4153&ptid=9">Business-Backed Economist Backs Off His Anti-AB32 Study</a>. The California Majority Report. Retrieved on 2010-03-01. “In an interview with the Sacramento Business Journal <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/latestnews.html">http://sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/latestnews.html</a>, Sanjay Varshney, Dean of the Business School at California State University Sacramento, declined to defend his results when pressed by the reporter to defend the criticism from the Stanford economists. “I haven’t really kept up with the debate,” he told the Business Journal. “It will be very difficult for me to comment.””</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-9">↑</a> Michael Shaw (2009-07-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sacramento.bizjournals.com/sacramento/stories/2009/07/27/smallb1.html">Debate soars over costs of climate bill</a>. Sacramento Business Journal. Retrieved on 2010-03-12.</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-10">↑</a> unknown (2009-12-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/controversy-over-economic-impacts-of-californias-climate-law-a-comparative-analysis-of-projections-78446102.html">Controversy Over Economic Impacts of California's Climate Law: A Comparative Analysis of Projections</a>. PRNewswire. Retrieved on 2010-03-12. “Climate Solutions and Economic Growth in California (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.resource-solutions.org/publications.php">http://www.resource-solutions.org/publications.php</a>) examines the assumptions, models and results of four different economic modeling efforts conducted by the following organizations: l) California Air Resources Board (CARB); 2) University of California researchers; 3) Charles River Associates/Electric Power Research Institute; 4) Varshney and Tootelian. The first three studies all found strong growth even while considering only a narrow class of benefits -- expected energy savings from efficiency measures. The fourth study, Varshney and Tootelian, includes only costs and no benefits associated with the law. Broader economic benefits expected to occur, such as boosts to the clean energy and pollution control sectors, improvements in public health, and increased investment in clean tech industries, were not included in any of the studies.”</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-11">↑</a> Jonathan Kim (2010-03-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-kim/petition-to-kill-californ_b_496287.html">Petition to Kill California's Anti-Pollution Legislation Is Off to a Rocky, Slimy Start</a>. Huffington Post. Retrieved on 2010-03-12.</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-measures/cleared-for-circulation.htm">Initiatives and Referenda Cleared for Circulation - Elections & Voter Information</a>. California Secretary of State. Retrieved on 2010-03-12.</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suspendab32.org/proponents.htm">Proponents - Get California Back to Work! Suspend AB 32</a>. SuspendAB32.org. Retrieved on 2010-03-01.</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-14">↑</a> Margot Roosevelt (2010-03-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-climate-ballot12-2010mar12,0,6467475.story">Fight splits backers of ballot initiative to suspend state's global warming law</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2010-03-12. “[Costa said] "they believe they can run this thing out of the country club, and to hell with the little people of California. If they have half a million dollars, how come they haven't reported it?".”</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-15">↑</a> ? (2010-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacbee.com/static/weblogs/capitolalertlatest/2010/03/mystery-over-va.html">Capitol Alert: Valero, Howard Jarvis group lead fight to suspend AB 32</a>. Sacramento Bee. Retrieved on 2010-03-13.</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/PDFGen/pdfgen.prg?filingid=1472149&amendid=1">Statement of Organization Recipient Committee (form 410) Amendment # 1323890</a>. California Secretary of State. Retrieved on 2010-03-18.</li>

<li id="cite_note-to-17">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_ref-to_17-0">18.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_ref-to_17-1">18.1</a> Daniel Wood, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.truthout.org/texas-oil-firms-behind-california-greenhouse-gas-initiative60750">"Texas Oil Firms Behind California Greenhouse Gas Initiative"</a> truthout, June 24, 2010.</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-18">↑</a> California Jobs Initiative Committee (2010-03-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/PDFGen/pdfgen.prg?filingid=1473369&amendid=0">Late Contribution Report (form 497)</a>. California Secretary of State. Retrieved on 2010-03-18.</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsocorp.com/TSOCorp/ProductsandServices/PRODUCTSANDSERVICES">Products and Services</a>. Tesoro Corporation. Retrieved on 2010-03-18. “Incorporated in Delaware in 1968, Tesoro Corporation is a FORTUNE 100 company and one of the largest independent refining and marketing companies in the Western United States. Headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, Tesoro operates seven refineries, wholesale and commercial marketing activities and a network of retail fuel stations.”</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agci.org/programs/past_workshop_participants/about_the_scientist/participant_details.php?recordID=5106">AGCI Past Participants :: About Roger Cohen</a>. Aspen Global Change Institute. Retrieved on 2010-03-18.</li>

<li id="cite_note-Morain-21">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_ref-Morain_21-0">22.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29#cite_ref-Morain_21-1">22.1</a> Dan Morain (2010-05-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacbee.com/2010/05/02/2719022/dan-morain-battle-to-suspend-emissions.html">Battle to suspend emissions law has no boundaries - Sacramento Opinion</a>. Sacramento Bee. Retrieved on 2010-05-11. “Two of the nation's largest coal companies are based in St. Louis, Peabody Energy Corp. and Arch Coal Co. Arch and Peabody cite AB 32 in their annual reports, warning that such laws could force electricity generators to switch from coal to other fuel.”</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Todd Woody, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grist.org/article/koch-brothers-jump-into-prop-23-fight/">"Koch brothers jump into Prop 23 fight"</a> Grist, September 3, 2010.</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-23">↑</a> Michael Gardner (2010-02-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/feb/12/critics-say-economy-cant-handle-states-greenhouse/">Critics: State can’t handle greenhouse gas mandates</a>. SignOnSanDiego.com. Retrieved on 2010-03-01. “Supporters of the initiative have until July 5 to collect the signatures of 433,971 registered voters. Logue said the campaign has 'commitments' for about $700,000...He and Costa declined to reveal who has pledged financial assistance.”</li>

<li id="cite_note-latimes03-03-24"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-latimes03-03_24-0">↑</a> Margot Roosevelt (2010-03-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2010/mar/03/local/la-me-climate-ballot4-2010mar04">Texas-based refiners pledge to fund fight against California's global warming law</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on 2010-03-04. “Two Texas-based refinery giants have pledged as much as $2 million to fund signature gathering for a ballot initiative to suspend California's landmark global warming law, according to Sacramento sources. The companies, Valero Energy Corp. and Tesoro Corp., own refineries in California that would be forced under the law to slash emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases.”</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-25">↑</a> Cosmo Garvin (2010-03-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/snog/blogs/post?oid=1380612">Shocker! Texas oil company bankrolling bid to scrap California's global warming law.</a>. Sacramento News & Review. Retrieved on 2010-03-04.</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-26">↑</a> unknown (2010-03-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacbee.com/2010/03/11/2598506/the-buzz-ted-costa-who-pushed.html">The Buzz: Ted Costa, who pushed to suspend AB 32, now opposes effort</a>. Sacramento Bee. Retrieved on 2010-03-12.</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woodwardmcdowell.com/content.asp?key=1042&articlekey=784">Team (Anita Mangels, Project Director)</a>. Woodward & McDowell. Retrieved on 2010-03-12.</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-28">↑</a> Ali Winston (2010-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-01-18/news/17829289_1_implementation-group-global-warming-global-warming-solutions-act">Green firms balk at coalition's lobbying effort</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved on 2010-03-12.</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-29">↑</a> Associated Press (1994-01-05). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NTozAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ojIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5623,259104&dq=woodward+mcdowell&hl=en">Pay-at-Pump Plan pushed back</a>", Lodi News-Sentinel. Retrieved on 2010-03-12.</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stopdirtyenergyprop.com/">STOP the Texas Oil Companies' Dirty Energy Proposition</a>. Californians for Clean Energy and Jobs. Retrieved on 2010-05-11. “[The effort is] sponsored by environmental organizations and business. Major Funding by Green Tech Action Fund, Environmental Defense Fund and the Natural Resources Defense Council Action Fund California Ballot Measures Committee. FPPC ID # 1324059”</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electiontrack.com/lookup.php?committee=1324059">Campaign Contributions to Californians For Clean Energy And Jobs, Sponsored By Environmental Organizations And Business</a>. ElectionTrack. Retrieved on 2010-05-11. “...Cash on hand: $649,221 as of [?]; Contributions since [?]: $637,500”</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/08/billionaire-shells-out-250000-to-save-greenhouse-gas-law.html">Billionaire shells out $250,000 to fight Proposition 23</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-33">↑</a> [The World's Billionaires <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/10/billionaires08_Thomas-Steyer_RUIR.html">http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/10/billionaires08_Thomas-Steyer_RUIR.html</a>]</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/08/billionaire-shells-out-250000-to-save-greenhouse-gas-law.html">Billionaire shells out $250,000 to fight Proposition 23</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/08/billionaire-shells-out-250000-to-save-greenhouse-gas-law.html">Billionaire shells out $250,000 to fight Proposition 23</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/08/billionaire-shells-out-250000-to-save-greenhouse-gas-law.html">Billionaire shells out $250,000 to fight Proposition 23</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-ms-37"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32_%282010%29#cite_ref-ms_37-0">↑</a> Mark Schapiro, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/california-greenhouse-law_n_710609.html?ir=Politics">"4 States Prepare Legal Assault On California's Climate Law"</a> HuffPo, September 9, 2010.</li>

</ol>

</div>

<h3>External resources</h3>

<ul>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://SuspendAB32.org">SuspendAB32.org</a> supporting the initiative</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stopdirtyenergyprop.com">StopDirtyEnergyProp.com</a> opposing the initiative. (Earlier: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noonvalero.com/index.php">No on Valero</a> site in opposition)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-measures/initiative-referendum-status.htm">Initiative and Referendum Qualification Status - Elections & Voter Information</a>. California Secretary of State. Retrieved on 2010-03-04.</li>

</ul>

<ul>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Measures/">Campaign Finance Activity - Propositions & Ballot Measures</a>. California Secretary of State. Retrieved on 2010-03-04.</li>

</ul>

<ul>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climateprogress.org/2010/08/19/david-koch-proposition-23ab-32/">Why oil billionaire David Koch is secretly funding Astroturf to repeal CA clean energy laws</a> Climate Progress, August 19, 2010</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsreview.com/sacramento/PrintFriendly?oid=1458253">Don’t panic: Much of California’s climate-change strategy can survive Big Oil’s ballot attack—sort of</a> Sacramento News & Review, July 22, 2010</li>

</ul>

<h4>Campaign Finance</h4>

<ul>

<li>Stop AB 32 (California Jobs Initiative Committee) financial data from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1323890&session=2009">California Secretary of State</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electiontrack.com/lookup.php?committee=1323890">ElectionTrack</a></li>

<li>Keep AB 32 (Californians For Clean Energy And Jobs) financial data from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1324059&session=2009">California Secretary of State</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electiontrack.com/lookup.php?committee=1324059">ElectionTrack</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>External articles</h3>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>:

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Coal_Issues" title="Category:Coal Issues">Coal Issues</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Energy" title="Category:Energy">Energy</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Climate_change" title="Category:Climate change">Climate change</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Environment" title="Category:Environment">Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:California" title="Category:California">California</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">United States</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

</div>

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Suspend_AB_32%282010%29</a>

==

not to be confused with

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River</a>

Charles River Laboratories (CR) is an international contract research organization (CRO) and laboratory animal breeding company. Firms hire CROs to conduct toxicity <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">animal testing</a> for agrochemicals, petrochemicals, household products, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pharmaceutical" title="Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect">pharmaceuticals</a> and toxins. Charles River was founded in 1947 and has 70 facilities in 70 countries with headquarters in Wilmington, Massachusetts. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-0">[1]</a> CR provides clinical and laboratory research services and related products to pharmaceutical and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> companies as well as purpose bred laboratory animals. Customers include companies in the pharmaceutical, medical device and animal health industries as well as educational, health care and government institutions.

In the fiscal year ending in December of 2010, the company reported sales of approximately $1.133 billion dollars and had 7,500 employees.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-1">[2]</a>

<h2>Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>] </div>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Animal_testing">1 Animal testing</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Facility_information.2C_progress_reports_.26_USDA-APHIS_reports">1.1 Facility information, progress reports & USDA-APHIS reports</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#USDA_AWA_reports">1.2 USDA AWA reports</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Animal_cruelty_.26_welfare_violations">2 Animal cruelty & welfare violations</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Shamrock_Farm_live_animal_imports:_United_Kingdom">2.1 Shamrock Farm live animal imports: United Kingdom</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Splenda:_Sadistically_Sweet">2.2 Splenda: Sadistically Sweet</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#32_monkeys_die_from_over_heating">2.3 32 monkeys die from over heating</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Former_employee_lawsuit_over_treatment_of_dogs">2.4 Former employee lawsuit over treatment of dogs</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Multiple_violations.2C_monkey_.26_rabbit_maiming">2.5 Multiple violations, monkey & rabbit maiming</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Photos_reveal_stark_conditions">2.6 Photos reveal stark conditions</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Animal_breeding_.26_live_animal_imports">3 Animal breeding & live animal imports</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Primate_imports">3.1 Primate imports</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Quotable">4 Quotable</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#CR_.26_other_organizations">5 CR & other organizations</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Mergers_.26_acquisitions">6 Mergers & acquisitions</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Lobbying_.26_public_relations">7 Lobbying & public relations</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Personnel_.26_board">8 Personnel & board</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Key_executives">8.1 Key executives</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Board_members">8.2 Board members</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Contact">9 Contact</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#Articles_.26_sources">10 Articles & sources</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#SourceWatch_articles">10.1 SourceWatch articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#References">10.2 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#External_articles">10.3 External articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#External_resources">10.4 External resources</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>Animal testing</h2>

<h3>Facility information, progress reports & USDA-APHIS reports</h3>

For links to copies of a facility's <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA)-Animal Plant Health Inspection (APHIS) reports, other information and links, see also Facility Reports and Information: Charles River, Wilmington, MA <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-2">[3]</a> & Charles River, Sparks, NV. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-3">[4]</a>

<h3>USDA AWA reports</h3>

As of May 26, 2009, the USDA began posting all inspection reports for animal breeders, dealers, exhibitors, handlers, research facilities and animal carriers by state. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/inspection_list.shtml">USDA Animal Welfare Inspection Reports</a>.

<h2>Animal cruelty & welfare violations</h2>

Stop Animal Exploitation NOW! (SAEN) is a national research <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Watchdog" title="Watchdog" class="mw-redirect">watchdog</a> organization. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-4">[5]</a> SAEN has included Charles River among the worst violators of U.S. laws. Charles River amassed 22 violations in one monitoring period, including an incident which left dozens of dogs with bleeding paws. (Government reports and ranking statistics available upon request.) <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-5">[6]</a>

<h3>Shamrock Farm live animal imports: United Kingdom</h3>

In 1998, almost all of the 2,467 macaques used in British laboratories came through Shamrock Farm. It was owned by Bausch and Lomb (sunglasses, eye wear) and run by Charles River. Shamrock farm closed in 2000 after a 15 month campaign by Save the Shamrock Monkeys. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-6">[7]</a>

Primates were imported from Mauritius, the Philippines and China andpacked in tiny crates, (often too small to stand in) for up to two and a half days. Subsequently, up to 300 monkeys were kept in tiny cages inside of dark Portakabins. The monkeys were quarantined for up to two months before being sold for vivisection. Following campaigns which exposed cruel conditions of monkeys transported on long flights, many airlines and ferry companies refused to transport animals for Shamrock. Shamrock customers included <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a>, SmithKline Beecham, GaxoWellcome and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Inveresk_Clinical_Research" title="Inveresk Clinical Research" class="mw-redirect">Inveresk Clinical Research</a>. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-7">[8]</a>

<h3>Splenda: Sadistically Sweet</h3>

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Splenda" title="Splenda" class="mw-redirect">Splenda</a> is the brand name for Sucralose, an artificial sweetener manufactured by by McNeil Speciality Products, a subsidiary of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a>. Sucralose is 600 times sweeter than sugar and is the first no-calorie based sweetener ever developed. It was predicted to be a highly profitable money maker for British sugar giant Tate & Lyle, who commissioned the research. Thousands of animals, including beagles, monkeys, rabbits and rodents were poisoned and killed in various ways for the 20 year study on Sucralose; known in the United States as Splenda.

Thousands of monkeys, dogs, rabbits, mice and rats were killed during tests in the United Kingdom. Many died of trauma and others suffered from extreme weight loss, convulsions and intestinal disorders. Some of these experiments were conducted at <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Inveresk" title="Inveresk" class="mw-redirect">Inveresk</a> laboratories, near Ediburgh, (now merged with Charles River). The British Union For The Abolition Of Vivisection (BUAV) has estimated that tens of thousands of animals have died in the testing of this product. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-8">[9]</a> See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Splenda:_Sadistically_Sweet" title="Splenda: Sadistically Sweet">Splenda: Sadistically Sweet</a>.

<h3>32 monkeys die from over heating</h3>

In CR's Sparks, Nevada facility, thirty-two research monkeys died from over heating due to human error. In a statement issued by the company, the monkeys died on May 28, 2008 due to an "incorrect climate-control operation", which was immediately reported. However, animal advocates contested that CR reported the incident immediately, or even at all. According to Kathy Guillermo of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a> (PETA), the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA) did not open an inquiry until PETA filed a complaint in July.

<dl>

<dd>"Their statement about fears for their own safety is absurd. They have an abysmal record of animal care. As usual, they are more interested in their reputation than in the animals' safety. According to the whistleblower in the case, the monkeys were literally cooked to death by a heating system failure', which demonstrates a lack of a simple alarm system and/or proper supervision." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-9">[10]</a></dd>

</dl>

<h3>Former employee lawsuit over treatment of dogs</h3>

A former CR employee filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court in Reno that the company forced him out over age discrimination and his opposition to the treatment of dogs at the facility. Guy Grimsley, age 65, was hired in 2007 to work at Charles River's Sparks, Nevada facility. According to Mr. Grimsley, the firing was due to his position on "unlawful and wrongful animal testing," which he had vowed to oppose. Grimsley, who has a doctorate in pathology and immunology, had been recruited by CR in 2006. In May of 2006 he learned that the lab was planning to conduct experiments involving "severe dog tethering," which they knew he would oppose. Mr. Grimsley had informed the company of European standards requiring dog runs rather than cages. According to Mr. Grimsley, officials had also instructed staff to lie to clients about the dogs' living conditions. Grimsley maintains that he was "summarily terminated" without notice in October. A recent performance evaluation had described his work as "outstanding." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-10">[11]</a>

<h3>Multiple violations, monkey & rabbit maiming</h3>

According to SAEN, CR violated the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-11">[12]</a> over 20 times in 2006 and another 11 times in the first half of 2007, even after an official warning by the USDA in 2005. Government documents revealed a 2006 incident at a CR site in Philadelphia, where rabbits developed 4 ½ inch skin lesions without veterinary treatment. There were also serious issues about painful experiments without anesthesia. An episode at a Massachusetts site demonstrated that one primate had serious mental pathologies. In 2006, CRL amassed over 20 violations in the areas of veterinary care, Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee (IACUC), feeding, housing, sanitation, environmental enhancement, and report filing. USDA/APHIS Animal Care inspection reports reveal four incidents in CR's Nevada laboratory, where negligent handling of resulted in injuries severe enough to warrant amputation of a monkeys’ fingers in 2007. Other 2007 citations included primary enclosures, sanitation, housing and unqualified personnel. (Government reports are available upon request.) <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-12">[13]</a>

<h3>Photos reveal stark conditions</h3>

Photographs obtained from the USDA through the Freedom of Information Act in 2008, revealed cramped and barren conditions "with the potential to cause madness" at CR's Sparks facility. According to SAEN executive Director, Michael A. Budkie:

<dl>

<dd>“These enclosures are nothing more than tiny stainless steel barred boxes. If the goal is to cause insanity in primates, then I am sure they are probably succeeding.”</dd>

</dl>

In the wild, a rhesus monkey may traverse as much as one square mile in a single day.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-13">[14]</a>

See also section 1 on facility information & progress reports.

<h2>Animal breeding & live animal imports</h2>

Charles River is the world's largest supplier of laboratory animals. It has been described as the 'General Motors of the laboratory animal industry.' <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-14">[15]</a>

<h3>Primate imports</h3>

In 2006, 26,638 primates were imported into the US; a 44% increase over 2004. The three companies responsible for over 75% of all of these imports were <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Covance_Laboratories" title="Covance Laboratories">Covance Laboratories</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SNBL" title="SNBL" class="mw-redirect">SNBL</a> and Charles River at 5,359 monkeys that year. Cynomolgus macaques made up 92% followed by rhesus macaques, marmosets, squirrel monkeys and other macaques. Half of all primates were imported from China. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-15">[16]</a>

<h2>Quotable</h2>

<dl>

<dd>"There isn't a single genetically manipulated mouse that has been used yet to produce a drug that cures a disease." Kathleen Murray, Charles River (world's largest laboratory animal breeding company). <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-16">[17]</a></dd>

</dl>

<h2>CR & other organizations</h2>

As part of its "Humane Care Initiative," the "Charles River Prize" was established in 1977 "to recognize distinguished contributions to laboratory animal science and to promote educational growth in that field." Recipients must be members of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Veterinary_Medical_Association" title="American Veterinary Medical Association">American Veterinary Medical Association</a> (AVMA) in the field of animal testing. The award is $2,500 and a plaque. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-17">[18]</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-18">[19]</a> The AMVA reliably lobbies against animal welfare issues and legislation in favor of industry concerns. See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/AVMA" title="AVMA" class="mw-redirect">AVMA</a>, sections 1 & 2.

<h2>Mergers & acquisitions</h2>

In July of 2004, Charles River Laboratories International merged with Inveresk Research Group, Inc. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-19">[20]</a> Inveresk is doing <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/R.J._Reynolds" title="R.J. Reynolds" class="mw-redirect">R.J. Reynolds</a> analogue studies in Edinborough. See also external resources.

During the fiscal year ending December 27, 2008, the company acquired NewLab BioQuality AG and MIR Preclinical Services. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-20">[21]</a>

<h2>Lobbying & public relations</h2>

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Americans_for_Medical_Progress" title="Americans for Medical Progress">Americans for Medical Progress</a>'s (AMP) board of directors consists of senior executives and other representatives employed by the pharmaceutical and vivisection industries. Board members represent multinational, billion dollar corporations as well as universities and institutions receiving government grants for vivisection. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-21">[22]</a> AMP runs media campaigns targeting <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights" class="mw-redirect">animal rights</a>, welfare and health advocacy groups. See also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Americans_for_Medical_Progress" title="Americans for Medical Progress">Americans for Medical Progress</a>.

In the fiscal year ending in 2010, Charles River paid $40,000 to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Policy_Directions_Inc." title="Policy Directions Inc.">Policy Directions Inc.</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-22">[23]</a>

<h2>Personnel & board</h2>

<h3>Key executives</h3>

<ul>

<li>James Foster - Chairman, President & CEO</li>

<li>Thomas Ackerman - Executive VP & CFO</li>

<li>Nicholas Ventresca - Senior VP, Information Technology & CIO <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-23">[24]</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>Board members</h3>

<ul>

<li>James C. Foster - Chairman, President & CEO</li>

<li>Nancy T. Chang, Ph.D. - Managing Director, OrbiMed Advisors</li>

<li>Stephen D. Chubb - Former Chairman, CEO, Matritech, Inc.</li>

<li>Deborah Kochevar, DVM, PhD - Dean, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a></li>

<li>George E. Massaro, Director & Vice Chairman, Huron Consulting Group, Inc.</li>

<li>George M. Milne, Jr., Ph.D. - President of Central Research, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pfizer" title="Pfizer" class="mw-redirect">Pfizer</a>, Inc.</li>

<li>C. Richard Reese - Chairman & CEO, Iron Mountain, Inc.</li>

<li>Douglas E. Rogers - Partner, Blackstone Healthcare Partners, LLC</li>

<li>Samuel O. Thier, M.D. - Professor of Medicine, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital</li>

<li>William Waltrip - Ret. Chairman & CEO, Bausch & Lomb, Inc. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charles_River#cite_note-24">[25]</a></li>

</ul>

<h2>Contact</h2>

Charles River

251 Ballardvale Street

Wilmington, MA 01887

Phone: 978 658-6000

Fax: 978-658-7132

Web address: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.criver.com/en-US/Pages/home.aspx">http://www.criver.com/en-US/Pages/home.aspx</a>

<h2>Articles & sources</h2>

<h3>SourceWatch articles</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Americans_for_Medical_Progress" title="Americans for Medical Progress">Americans for Medical Progress</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Veterinary_Medical_Association" title="American Veterinary Medical Association">American Veterinary Medical Association</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Animal_testing" title="Animal testing">Animal testing</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration" class="mw-redirect">Food and Drug Administration</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Humane_Movement" title="Humane Movement">Humane Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences" title="Huntingdon Life Sciences">Huntingdon Life Sciences</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/National_Primate_Research_Center_System" title="National Primate Research Center System">National Primate Research Center System</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Policy_Directions_Inc." title="Policy Directions Inc.">Policy Directions Inc.</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/R.J._Reynolds" title="R.J. Reynolds" class="mw-redirect">R.J. Reynolds</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Splenda:_Sadistically_Sweet" title="Splenda: Sadistically Sweet">Splenda: Sadistically Sweet</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S._Government%27s_War_on_Animals" title="U.S. Government's War on Animals">U.S. Government's War on Animals</a></li>

</ul>

===

scopes trial:

The House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology held a <a href="http://science.house.gov/hearing/full-committee-hearing-climate-change">hearing yesterday</a> on climate change science, economics, and policy. It was fascinating to listen to, and will no doubt provide much rich food for thought and discussion (for starters see <a href="http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/republicans-get-inconvenient-replies-at-climate-hearing/">Andy Revkin</a>, or <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/intersection/2011/03/31/kerry-emanuels-powerful-testimony-on-climate/">Chris Mooney</a>, or <a href="http://climateaudit.org/2011/03/31/disinformation-from-kerry-emanuel/">Steve McIntyre</a> for a skeptic's view). The witnesses included two climate scientists (Kerry Emmanuel and John Christy), a physicist turned climate researcher (Richard Muller), a corporate lawyer (Peter Glaser), a business school expert on forecasting (J. Scott Armstrong), and a respected economist (David Montgomery). Several of the witnesses are quite well known, and each is worth a story, or several. However, I will focus here only on Montgomery and his testimony.

Montgomery, now an independent consultant, was one of the principals for many years of Charles River Associates (CRA), an economics consultancy that is generally business friendly; he is frequently published in the peer reviewed literature, and has taught at prestigious universities. He and some of his former colleagues at CRA specialize in climate-economy models, and have consistently produced policy analyses that are relatively pessimistic about the economic costs and benefits of GHG mitigation. His <a href="http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/hearings/Montgomery%203_31_11%20v2.pdf">testimony yesterday</a> [PDF] did not focus on his own modeling results but essentially suggested -- by criticizing more optimistic studies in various ways -- that any direct regulation of CO2 emissions by the EPA could only be economically harmful. He in fact relied more on economic theory and historical example than on specific modeling results in making his arguments. As a consequence a rebuttal is necessarily an exercise in describing and criticizing the theoretical and empirical assumptions he makes.

Such an effort requires more than a few hours of a busy junior professor's evening. However, having prepared for the hearing by reading his <a href="http://crai.com/uploadedFiles/Publications/Prepared%20Testimony%20of%20David%20Montgomery%20-%20Committee%20on%20Environment%20and%20Public%20Works%20Subcommittee%20on%20Green%20Jobs%20and%20the%20New%20Economy%20US%20Senate%20Hearing%20on%20Green%20Jobs%20and%20Trade.pdf">previous testimony</a>, listened carefully to what he said, and then read his more detailed written testimony, I can't resist getting started. It's an interesting challenge because he is such an excellent defender of the conventional wisdom. And the conventional wisdom of environmental economics is eminently reasonable sounding as it clearly lays out the reasons why we can't afford to prevent potentially catastrophic climate change....

-----

<h3>Posted by Jim Hoft on Monday, June 2, 2008, 7:42 AM</h3>

</div>

</div>

How About a Little Junk Science Fearmongering–

“And military leaders have told us that unchecked global warming will lead to severe conflict and war as droughts, floods and rising sea levels create huge numbers of desperate refugees.”

<blockquote>Senator Barbara Boxer

<a href="http://www.enewspf.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3394&Itemid=2">Democratic Radio Address</a>

May 31, 2008</blockquote>

Democrats begin their <a href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080602/pl_afp/usclimatewarmingenvironment_080602145906">assault on the American economy today</a> in the name of global warming.

<a href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/06/02/congress-returns-to-face-climate-bill/">Congress will debate</a> the Lieberman-Warner Global Warming Bill this week.

Democrats are threatening that if their global warming boondoggle is not passed by the Senate there will be severe conflicts and war.

But, Democrats won’t tell you how the bill will devastate the US economy.

The Heritage Foundation spells out the <a href="http://www.heritage.org/Research/EnergyandEnvironment/wm1940.cfm">5 Myths of the Lieberman-Warner Global Warming Legislation</a>,

<a href="http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2008/05/Five-Myths-About-the-Lieberman-Warner-Global-Warming-Legislation">http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2008/05/Five-Myths-About-the-Lieberman-Warner-Global-Warming-Legislation</a>

including:

Myth #1: LW would not be expensive.

Fact: Simply put, LW works like a massive energy tax. By restricting carbon dioxide emissions from coal, oil, and natural gas–with a freeze at 2005 levels beginning in 2012, to a 70 percent reduction in 2050–the bill forces down supply and thus boosts the price of energy. In fact, if energy prices did not go up, then the targets in the bill would not be met. As energy is the economy’s lifeblood, and 85 percent of it comes from these fossil fuels, the impact will be substantial. Cumulative gross domestic product (GDP) losses could reach $4.8 trillion by 2030, according to an analysis conducted by the Heritage Foundation. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Environmental Protection Agency, Charles River Associates, and the National Association of Manufacturers have all conducted studies predicting significant economic burdens on consumers should the bill be enacted.

</blockquote>

</div>

----

Dr. Jan Acton, Vice President, Charles River Associates is also at <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Harvard_Center_for_Risk_Analysis">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Harvard_Center_for_Risk_Analysis</a>

</div>