export / bank of china

=<div>this is generic chinese banks, but esp state owned</div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div>omfg</div><div>
</div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System</a></div><div>
</div><div> Social Credit System (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chinese</a>: 社会信用体系; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">pinyin</a>: shèhuì xìnyòng tǐxì) is a national <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation_system" title="Reputation system" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">reputation system</a> being developed by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chinese government</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:4-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-volkskrant3979668-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-tax-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> The program initiated regional trials in 2009, before launching a national pilot with eight credit scoring firms in 2014.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:42-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> In 2018, these efforts were centralized under the People's Bank of China with participation from the eight firms.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:42-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a> By 2020,[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">needs update</a>] it is intended to standardize the assessment of citizens' and businesses' economic and social reputation, or 'Social Credit'.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:4-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-bbc34592186-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-bbc1-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-wsj1-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-fp-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:0-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a>The social credit initiative calls for the establishments of unified record system for individuals, businesses and the government to be tracked and evaluated for trustworthiness.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-wired_complicated_truth-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:45-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a> Initial reports suggest the system utilizes numerical score as the reward and punishment mechanism;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:39-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:45-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a> recently conducted reports suggest there are in fact multiple different forms of social credit system experimenting at the same time.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:46-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:47-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a> Numerical system has been implemented only in several regional pilot programs, while the nationwide regulatory method has been based primarily on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">blacklisting</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitelisting" title="Whitelisting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">whitelisting</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:46-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a> The credit system is closely related to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_China" title="Mass surveillance in China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">China's mass surveillance systems</a> such as the Skynet<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a>, which incorporates <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_recognition_system" title="Facial recognition system" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">facial recognition system</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Big data analysis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">big data analysis</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology" title="Technology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">technology</a> and AI.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:39-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:43-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:44-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a>By 2018, some restrictions had been placed on citizens which <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_media" title="State media" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">state-owned media</a> described as the first step toward creating a nationwide social credit system.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-reward-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-plane2-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-wired2-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-fp-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-wp1-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-law-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a> As of November 2019, in addition to dishonest and fraudulent financial behavior, other behavior that some cities have officially listed as negative factors of credit ratings includes playing loud music or eating in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">rapid transits</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:8-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a> violating traffic rules such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaywalking" title="Jaywalking" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">jaywalking</a> and red-light violations,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:19-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:20-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a> making reservations at restaurants or hotels but not showing up,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:12-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a> failing to correctly <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">sort personal waste</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:5-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:18-36" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[36]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:34-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a> fraudulently using other people's public transportation <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="ID cards" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">ID cards</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:23-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[38]</a> etc; on the other hand, behavior listed as positive factors of credit ratings includes <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donating_blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Donating blood" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">donating blood</a>, donating to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity(practice)" title="Charity (practice)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">charity</a>, volunteering for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_service" title="Community service" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">community services</a>, and so on.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:32-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[39]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:16-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[41]</a>As of June 2019, according to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Development and Reform Commission of China</a>, 26.82 million <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">air</a> tickets as well as 5.96 million <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">high-speed rail</a> tickets have been denied to people who were deemed "untrustworthy (失信)" (on a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">blacklist</a>), and 4.37 million "untrustworthy" people have chosen to fulfill their duties required by the law.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:13-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[42]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:14-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[43]</a> In general, it takes 2–5 years to be removed from the blacklist, but early removal is also possible if the blacklisted person has done enough remedies.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[44]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:33-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a> Certain personal information of the blacklisted people is deliberately made accessible to the society and is displayed online as well as at various public venues such as movie theaters and buses,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:33-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[46]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:28-48" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[48]</a> while some cities have also banned children of "untrustworthy" residents from attending private schools and even universities.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:21-49" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[49]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:22-50" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[50]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:25-51" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[51]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:26-52" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[52]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:27-53" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[53]</a> On the other hand, people with high credit ratings may receive rewards such as less waiting time at hospitals and governmental agencies, discounts at hotels, greater likelihood of receiving employment offers and so on.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:23-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[38]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:32-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[39]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:16-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-54" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[54]</a>Supporters of the Credit System claim that the system helps to regulate social behavior, improve the "trustworthiness" which includes paying taxes and bills on time and promote traditional moral values,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:35-55" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[55]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:36-56" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[56]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:37-57" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[57]</a> while critics of the system claim that it oversteps the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">rule of law</a> and infringes the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal rights" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">legal rights</a> of residents and organizations, especially the right to reputation, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_to_Privacy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Right to Privacy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">the right to privacy</a> as well as personal dignity, and that the system may be a tool for comprehensive government surveillance and for suppression of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissent" title="Dissent" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">dissent</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" title="Communist Party of China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Communist Party of China</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:38-58" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[58]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:40-59" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[59]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:41-60" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[60]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:1-61" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[61]</a></div><div>
</div><div>...The Social Credit System is an example of China's "top-level design" (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A1%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:顶" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">顶</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:层" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">层</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:设计" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">设计</a>) approach. It is coordinated by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Leading_Group_for_Comprehensively_Deepening_Reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:0-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[10]</a> It is unclear whether the system will work as envisioned by 2020, but the Chinese government has fast-tracked the implementation of the system, resulting in the publication of numerous policy documents and plans since the main plan was issued in 2013. If the Social Credit System is implemented as envisioned, it will constitute a new way of controlling both the behavior of individuals and of businesses.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:0-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[10]</a></div><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Testing[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Credit_System&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Testing" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>In 2015, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">People's Bank of China</a> licensed eight companies to begin a trial of social credit systems.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-xinwen-64" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[64]</a> Among these eight firms is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame Credit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sesame Credit</a> (owned by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alibaba Group</a> and operated by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_Financial" title="Ant Financial" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ant Financial</a>), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tencent</a>, as well as China's biggest ride-sharing and online-dating service, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didi_Chuxing" class="mw-redirect" title="Didi Chuxing" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Didi Chuxing</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baihe.com" title="Baihe.com" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Baihe.com</a>, respectively.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-botsman_trust-65" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[65]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> In general, multiple firms are collaborating with the government to develop the system of software and algorithms used to calculate credit.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-botsman_trust-65" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[65]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-lab-66" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[66]</a>The Chinese central government originally considered that the Social Credit System be run by a private firm, but by 2017 it has acknowledged the need for third-party administration. In 2017, no licenses to private companies were granted.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> By mid-2017, the Chinese government had decided that none of the pilots would receive authorization to be official credit reporting measures.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-67" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[67]</a> The reasons include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">conflict of interest</a>, the remaining control of the government, as well as the lack of cooperation in data sharing among the firms that participate in the development.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:47-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a> However, the Social Credit System's operation by a seemingly external association, such as a formal collaboration between private firms, has not been ruled out yet.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> In November 2017, Sesame Credit denied that Sesame Credit data is shared with the Chinese government.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-68" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[68]</a> As of mid 2018, only pilot schemes have been tested.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-reward-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-plane2-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-wired2-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-fp-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-wp1-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-law-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a>Private companies have also signed contracts with provincial governments to set up the basic infrastructure for the Social Credit System at a provincial level.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-69" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[69]</a> As of March 2017, 137 commercial credit reporting companies are active on the Chinese market.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:0-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a> As part of the development of the Social Credit System, the Chinese government has been monitoring the progress of third-party Chinese <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_rating" title="Credit rating" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">credit rating</a> systems.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-bbc34592186-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Social credit systems[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Credit_System&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Social credit systems" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>There are multiple social credit systems in China right now. Scholars have conceptualized four different types of systems, including judicial system (discredited blacklist system), municipal social credit system, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">People's Bank of China</a> financial credit system, and commercial credit-rating system.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:47-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a> These four systems are not interconnected seamlessly, but relevantly independent from each other with their own jurisdictions, rules, and logic.<h4 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Judicial system[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Credit_System&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judicial system" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>In 2013, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court" title="Supreme People's Court" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Supreme People's Court</a> (SPC) of China started a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">blacklist</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debtor" title="Debtor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">debtors</a> with roughly 32,000 names. The list has since been described as a first step towards a national Social Credit System by state-owned media.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-buslist-70" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[70]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-ftlist-71" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[71]</a> The SPC also began working with private companies – for example, Sesame Credit began deducting credit points from people who defaulted on court fines.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-buslist-70" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[70]</a>In March 2018, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Reuters</a> reported that restrictions on citizens and businesses with low Social Credit ratings, and thus low trustworthiness, would come into effect on May 1.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-72" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[72]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-plane-73" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[73]</a> By May 2018, several million flight and high-speed train trips had been denied to people who had been blacklisted.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-plane2-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a><h4 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Financial system[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Credit_System&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Financial system" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>There are also commercial pilots developed by private Chinese conglomerates that have the authorization from the state to test out social credit experiments. The pilots are more widespread than their local government counterparts, but function on a voluntary basis: Citizens can decide to opt-out of these systems at any time on request. Users with good scores are offered advantages such as easier access to credit loans, discounts for car and bike sharing services, fast-tracked visa application, or free health check-ups and preferential treatment at hospitals.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-:1-61" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[61]</a> The algorithms used to assign scores in commercial pilots remain unknown, although sources say some pilots use a big-data analysis and artificial intelligence approach.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-lab-66" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[66]</a>In 2017, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">People's Bank of China</a> issued a jointly owned license to “Baihang Credit” valid for three years.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-74" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[74]</a> Baihang Credit is co-owned by the National Internet Finance Association (36%) and the eight other companies (8% each), allowing the state to maintain control and oversee the creation of a new commercial pilot.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-75" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[75]</a>In April 2019, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">People's Bank of China</a> announced that a new version of the Personal Credit Report would be put out which allows the ability to collect more personal information. State-run media has described it as "more detailed, more comprehensive and more precisely.”<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-76" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[76]</a><h4 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Local government[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Credit_System&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Local government" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h4>In December 2017 the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Development and Reform Commission</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">People's Bank of China</a> selected “model cities” that demonstrated the steps needed to make a functional and efficient implementation of the Social Credit System. Among them are <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nanjing</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Xiamen</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chengdu</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Suzhou</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Suqian</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Huizhou</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wenzhou</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Weihai</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Weifang</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Yiwu</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rongcheng,Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Rongcheng</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-77" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[77]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-78" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[78]</a> These pilots were deemed successful in their handling of “blacklists and ‘redlists’”, their creation of “credit sharing platforms”, and their “data sharing efforts with the other cities”. The local government Social Credit System experiments are focused more on the construction of transparent rule-based systems, in contrast with the more advanced rating systems used in the commercial pilots: Citizens often begin with an initial score, to which points are added or deducted depending on their actions. The specific number of points for each action are often listed in publicly available catalogs. Cities also experimented with a multi-level system, in which districts decide on scorekeepers who are responsible for reporting scores to higher-ups. Some experiments also allowed citizens to appeal the scores they were attributed.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-79" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[79]</a> The government alleges these systems mean to penalize citizens generally agreed as ‘untrustworthy’. They claim they will be able to “change people’s behavior by ensuring they are closely associated with it.”As of 2018, over forty different Social Credit System experiments were implemented by local governments in different <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chinese provinces</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-80" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[80]</a> The pilot programs began following the release of the 2014 “Planning Outline for the Construction of a Social Credit System” by Chinese authorities. The government oversees the creation and development of these governmental pilots by requesting they each publish a regular “interdepartmental agreement on joint enforcement of rewards and punishments for ‘trustworthy’ and ‘untrustworthy’ conduct.”<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-81" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[81]</a> In April 2018, journalist Simina Mistreanu described a community where people's social credit scores were posted near the village center.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-MISTREANU-63" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[63]</a> As of mid-2018, it was unclear whether the system will be an 'ecosystem' of various scores and blacklists run by both government agencies and private companies, or if it will be one unified system. It is also unclear whether there will be a single system-wide social credit score for each citizen and business.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-wired2-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-fp-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-wp1-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-law-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Credit_System#cite_note-plane2-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a>...<div><div>=</div><div>an 420</div><div>
</div><div><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/04/trump-is-massively-indebted-to-a-major-state-owned-bank-in-china-report/">https://www.alternet.org/2020/04/trump-is-massively-indebted-to-a-major-state-owned-bank-in-china-report/</a></div><div>=</div></div><div>=
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</div><div>The Chao ConnectionThough third in this list because their influence is the least known and understood, the Chao family had by far the most significant effect on McConnell’s personal life and career. Thanks to second wife Elaine and her family, McConnell became a millionaire many times over and forged ties with contacts at the highest echelons of Chinese government and business.
Elaine Chao’s father is shipping magnate, James Chao.
The South China Morning Post takes up the story.
He ordered two ships to be built at the state-owned shipyard in Shanghai during Mr Jiang’s tenure as mayor. He started meeting Mr Jiang regularly, including three months after the Tiananmen Square crackdown in 1989, when most other American businessmen were avoiding the leadership. Later Mr Chao’s business ties to Beijing would deepen as he started chartering his ships to mainland giants, such as Cosco and Sinotrans.As McConnell’s acquaintance with Elaine Chao developed into a serious relationship, contributions began to pour into his campaign from the Chao family and their business associates. Their wedding ensured that the spigot was never turned off.
Ms Chao and Mr McConnell married in February 1993, and in December the pair met Mr Jiang in Beijing, joined by Ms Chao’s father. Mr McConnell was the second Republican Senator to meet Mr Jiang since Tiananmen, a move which helped him build ties with senior mainland envoys in the US.
Through the Chao family, McConnell cultivated friends in very high places — Mr Jiang is none other than Jiang Zemin, Secretary of the Communist Party from 1989 to 2002 and President of the People’s Republic of China from 1993 to 2003.
There’s little if any doubt that this prompted Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole to appoint McConnell as chair of the Senate Appropriations subcommittee for foreign operations and export financing in 1994. Certainly members of the US-China Business Council were impressed, and their corporate donations flowed freely into McConnell’s campaign coffers.
The change in his fortunes attracts the billionaire donors and McConnell is catapulted to rising star status.
In Shanghai on May 22, 2014, Chinese and Russian firms establish a number of partnerships. Among them are these two:the Russian State Development Bank and the Export Import Bank of China sign an agreement on a $500 million credit line to finance projects in Russiathe Kremlin-controlled VTB Bank and the Bank of China ratify a partnership in investment banking, trade finance and capital markets transactions, and inter-bank lending.The following year, the Export Import Bank of China (now partnered with the Russian State Development Bank) extends a $37.5 million loan to the Chao family shipping company, Foremost, to finance the construction of two bulk carriers being built by the state-owned China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC). Among those present for the signing of the deal are James Chao (Chairman of Foremost) with his daughters, Angela (Deputy Chairman) and Elaine.
Seven months later in May 2016, Elaine’s sister Angela Chao is elected to the Board of Directors at the Bank of China — now partnered with Russia’s VTB bank which has been operating under US sanctions since 2014.
So not only does McConnell have links to China via the Chao connection, both he and the Chao family interlink with the Russians.Fast forward to 2018: McConnell retains his position as senate tyrant after the midterms; Elaine Chao is the Secretary of Transportation in Trump’s cabinet, and the Chao family maintains extensive contacts and business investments in China including a seat on the Board of the Bank of China which is partnered with the Russian VTB Bank that is part-owned by oligarch Oleg Deripaska who shares ownership in Rusal with Viktor Vekselberg whose business partner Len Blavatnik donated $3.5 million to McConnell’s Senate Leadership Fund.
“Oh what a tangled web we weave when first we practise to deceive.”~ Sir Walter Scott
On June 7 CNBC reports:Revelations about Russia’s meddling in America’s 2016 presidential election have pushed Congress to turn up the heat on China, as it seeks to tamp down foreign influence on American institutions.Rep. Christopher Smith, R-N.J., on Tuesday introduced a bill that would require an unclassified interagency report on Chinese political influence operations.That must have jolted McConnell, especially when Marco Rubio declared that he would follow suit.A search of the Library of Congress Roll Call database found that Chris Smith’s bill, HR6010, was introduced on June 5 whereupon it was referred for further action to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. It never surfaced again.
There’s no record of Marco Rubio introducing a similar bill in the senate. His effort was very effectively thwartedIt should now be clear that McConnell has far more to worry about than his upcoming re-election and whatever the hell Trump’s base are thinking. He has more strings attached to his person than an intricate marionette and those controlling the strings are not known for being even-tempered, understanding or forgiving.
It’s little wonder then that he’s blocked every bipartisan bill to protect the Special Counsel’s investigation. Even when the latest bill was strongly and vociferously supported by members of his own caucus, he refused to allow it to come to the floor for a vote. It’s hardly surprising when you realise how enmeshed he is in corruption. He must be terrified of being caught — so the last person he’d want to protect is Special Counsel Robert Mueller.
This also explains why he was so aggressively opposed to President Obama going public with warnings regarding Russia’s attack on American democracy in 2016. If prior to that meeting he was blissfully unaware that USIC was onto the Russians, the suddenness of that unwelcome knowledge, and the realisation of his own jeopardy, must have come as one helluva shock. He wasn’t protecting his party or the GOP presidential nominee when he refused his consent, he was desperate to protect himself.
And that brings us back to why McConnell is perpetuating this shutdown. Some of those pulling his strings may also be involved at some level with Trump’s perfidy. If protecting himself means sticking with Trump then McConnell’s heightened sense of self preservation is going to kick in hard.
But it’s likely to be more complicated than that. For all his posturing, McConnell’s inadequacy renders him weak and his weakness is exacerbated by fear. Running home to Kentucky rather than confronting the expanding disaster in DC is both a physical as well as symbolic attempt to hide from it all.
Weakness, especially a sense of inadequacy, breeds vindictiveness. If he can’t take his dislike and disdain for Trump out on the man himself then he’ll turn his attention to a more acceptable and accessible target: Democrats. Particularly House Democrats. Their vow to conduct real oversight must have really intensified his stress levels. But he has one weapon he can use against them, he can block everything in the senate that they pass in the House. It’s petty and vindictive but that’s how low he’s going.
Nor does he care about the hardships being faced by furloughed employees. The numbers of those affected are already staggering. While there’s no precise accounting of them all, the guesstimate has to take into account the 800,000 furloughed plus their families, plus those in private businesses which depend on working government agencies, plus their families. Already the number must be between 3 and 4 million. By the end of this week, more sections will shut down as their funding also runs out.
No end in sight.
Because the tyrant in charge of the senate isn’t just flawed, isn’t just inadequate to the enormity of the situation, he’s also corrupt. No honorable man would subject his fellow citizens to such privation and misery if he had the power to prevent it.
Addison Mitchell McConnell is without conscience, without benevolence and without honor.</div></div>