DARK MONEY $

Note: this is a fairly recent category, also a tag
See also Campaign finance reform, DISCLOSE,

stub; <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Dark_money">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Dark_money</a>

TOOL<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money/">http://www.opensecrets.org/dark-money/</a>
<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/04/bringing-dark-money-out-of-the-shadows-darkmoney-org/">http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/04/bringing-dark-money-out-of-the-shadows-darkmoney-org/</a>4/16
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<div>6/16</div><div><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">1. Surf on over to the FCC’s new, improved public files site: <a href="https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">https://publicfiles.fcc.gov</a><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><a href="https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/">https://publicfiles.fcc.gov/</a><div><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01032018/spending-bill-riders-environment-climate-dark-money-campaign-finance-political-donations">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01032018/spending-bill-riders-environment-climate-dark-money-campaign-finance-political-donations</a><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.333; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2 Ways Bills Would Influence Money in Politics </h3>The <a href="https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/FY2018-FSGG-CHAIRMEN-MARK-BILL.PDF" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Senate version</a> of the massive "omnibus" appropriations legislation that Congress must pass by March 23 to avoid a government shutdown includes a measure that would relax the limits on how much money national parties may spend in coordination with presidential campaigns. This would make it easier for mega-donors to get around the current limits on direct donations to candidates.The <a href="https://appropriations.house.gov/uploadedfiles/bills-115hr-sc-ap-fy2018-fservices-financialservicesandgeneralgovernment.pdf" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">House version</a> of the bill includes language to open the door to campaign spending by churches. President Donald Trump called for Congress to take such action last year when he signed a "religious liberty" executive order.During a failed attempt to attach the provision to the <a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/18122017/tax-bill-vote-renewable-credits-solar-wind-clean-energy-jobs-evs-investment-anwr" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">GOP tax overhaul bill</a> last year, lawmakers expanded it to allow political activity not only by churches but all public charities, including private family foundations like those favored by the Koch brothers and other wealthy donors, and public interest advocates fear that could happen again. The <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rUjwgqNyMY&feature=youtu.be&t=54m39s" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Joint Committee on Taxation</a> at the time estimated such a measure could result in<a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/11/10/tax-bills-repeal-johnson-amendment-could-cost-taxpayers-more-than-1-billion/852554001/" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;"> $1 billion</a>being diverted into churches and charities for political giving—since such contributions would be tax-deductible, unlike giving to political organizations.<div>=</div><div><a href="https://www.alternet.org/right-wing/blowing-democracy-and-charities-one-fell-swoop">https://www.alternet.org/right-wing/blowing-democracy-and-charities-one-fell-swoop</a></div><div>
</div><div>There’s a great deal wrong with the House-passed tax overhaul bill, but its most heinous provision may be one that effectively blows up both the campaign-finance laws and the charitable sector at the same time.By essentially repealing the so-called Johnson Amendment, a tax provision that bars charities from engaging in partisan politics, the House legislation frees up big donors to funnel even more unlimited, undisclosed money into campaigns, and, for the first time, to deduct that money from their taxes. The bill also threatens the credibility and viability of charitable groups, and would drastically reduce charitable giving—even as it robs education, housing, and health-care assistance from working families who invariably will turn to charities for help.The Senate tax bill does not repeal the Johnson Amendment, enacted in 1954 at the urging of then–Senate Minority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, and thousands of charitable and religious leaders are now lobbying to ensure that it stays in the final legislation. The list of those lined up against the repeal is impressive: <a href="https://www.councilofnonprofits.org/sites/default/files/articles/community-letter-in-support-of-nonpartisanship-5-12-update.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">5,500 charities and foundations</a>, <a href="https://www.faith-voices.org/intro#readletter" style="text-decoration-line: none;">4,200 faith leaders</a>, and <a href="https://bjconline.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/11.01.17-Faith-Organization-Letter-Opposing-Politicization-of-Houses-of-Worship.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">more than 100</a> religious and denominational organizations.So who wants it? <a href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/11/republicans-want-to-let-the-koch-brothers-political-donations-tax-deductible/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Far-right Christian groups</a> were the first to convince authors of the House bill to let churches alone engage in endorsements. But that measure was expanded at the last minute to include all charities, suggesting that big GOP donors, who would like nothing better than to deduct the big donations they funnel through nonprofits to influence elections, are gunning for it, too.The repeal’s backers say it <a href="https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/360727-protecting-free-speech-rights-through-tax-reform" style="text-decoration-line: none;">protects free speech and religious liberty</a>, but these are red herrings. Churches and charities are perfectly free to endorse candidates, they just can’t do it with tax-free money. The government’s bargain with such groups is: We will exempt you from taxes and let you raise tax-deductible contributions, if you stay out of partisan politics. This protects charities from government meddling, and ensures that taxpayers aren’t forced to subsidize endorsements of candidates they oppose.Campaign-finance watchdogs hate the repeal because it would create incentives for all political money to flow into unrestricted, secret channels. Right now, super PACs may raise unlimited money, but they at least must disclose its sources. Social-welfare and trade groups may raise limitless contributions, which they need not disclose, and they spend hundreds of millions on campaigns under the guise of promoting issues—but at least that money is not tax-deductible.The House bill creates the very real possibility that political players will create sham “charities” and “churches” to rake in massive, undisclosed, and now tax-deductible campaign donations that will become the new normal in American elections. The campaign-finance system may seem like a world without rules today, but the freewheeling realm of super PACs and politically active social-welfare groups will look like a paragon of accountability and transparency if charities become the new vehicles of choice for political spending.Even worse, say nonprofit-sector leaders, the bill would erode the public’s trust in charities, lumping them in with unpopular parties and candidates, and driving down contributions. “Charitable nonprofits don’t want to be dragged into the toxic political wasteland,” <a href="https://www.councilofnonprofits.org/article/last-minute-change-tax-reform-bill-hardens-nonprofit-opposition" style="text-decoration-line: none;">declared Tim Delaney</a>, president and CEO of the National Council of Nonprofits, when the House unveiled its revised tax proposal earlier this month. Delaney and his allies warn that the House plan would also make churches and charities vulnerable to pressure from politicians.The House tax bill purports to limit abuses by requiring charities to engage in politics only minimally and “in the ordinary course” of their normal activities. But this ill-defined standard would force the Internal Revenue Service, which has done virtually nothing to enforce political abuses by tax-exempts in any case, into the impossible role of charitable referee. If voters begin to see charities as quasi-political groups, moreover, Congress could face pressure to eliminate the deductibility of charitable contributions altogether.All this comes on top of <a href="https://www.thenonprofittimes.com/news-articles/senate-tax-bill-keep-johnson-amendment-intact/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">several other provisions</a> in both the House and Senate tax bills that are expected to substantially reduce charitable giving. Both bills expand the standard tax deduction, which nonprofit sector advocates say would reduce charitable giving incentives for all but the wealthiest families. The House bill removes the estate tax, which has historically spurred charitable giving. The Senate bill retains the estate tax, but doubles the exemption amount—still threatening charitable donations, but to a lesser degree. The House bill would reduce charitable giving in 2018 by $12 billion to $20 billion, <a href="https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/house-tax-bill-not-very-charitable-nonprofits" style="text-decoration-line: none;">estimates the Tax Policy Center</a>.This year marks the centennial of the charitable tax deduction, which was first written into the tax code in 1917. Instead of celebrating, the nation’s charities are fighting for their lives. The GOP tax plan not only slashes services to average Americans to underwrite tax cuts for the super-rich, but also makes it harder for churches and other charities to pick up the slack. By erasing the firewall between charity and politics, the House bill doubles the damage. As Delaney, of the National Council of Nonprofits, told The American Prospect: “This is dangerous for democracy, and very harmful to the 501(c)(3) community.”Eliza Newlin Carney is The American Prospect's senior editor.</div><div></div><a href="https://movetoamend.org/dark-money-super-pac-spending-surges-ahead-2018-midterms">https://movetoamend.org/dark-money-super-pac-spending-surges-ahead-2018-midterms</a><div class="field field-name-field-date field-type-datetime field-label-hidden" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">August 25, 2017</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-author field-type-text field-label-hidden" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Robert Maguire</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-source field-type-link-field field-label-hidden" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2017/08/dark-money-super-pac-spending-surges-ahead-of-2018-midterms/" target="blank" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Open Secrets</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded">Outside groups, such as super PACs and their more secretive brethren politically active nonprofits, spent more money during the first eight months of the 2018 election cycle than over the same period in any previous cycle.Outside groups <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/cycle_tots.php?cycle=2018&view=Y&chart=A#viewpt" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">have spent nearly $48 million</a> as of August 24 – or more than double the $20.7 million the groups spent at this point during the 2016 presidential elections and the $18 million doled out at this point in 2014, the last midterm cycle.The record $48 million should be considered the minimum total, however, given the FEC doesn’t require groups to disclose spending on ads discussing issues and those mentioning candidates for office outside of the agency’s reporting windows (30 days before a primary election; 60 days before a general election).Some of the usual suspects are fueling the record spending. Super PACs, which can raise and spend unlimited contributions from wealthy donors, contributed $22.3 million – nearly doubling the $11.8 million they had spent at this point in 2014.<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-outside-spending-august-2017.png" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" height="300" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" src="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-outside-spending-august-2017.png" srcset="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-outside-spending-august-2017.png 1522w, https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-outside-spending-august-2017-300x150.png 300w, https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-outside-spending-august-2017-768x384.png 768w, https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-outside-spending-august-2017-1024x512.png 1024w" width="600" style="border: none; max-width: 100%; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" /></a>Similarly, the $7.4 million spent by politically active nonprofits is nearly four times the roughly $2 million spent by those groups at this point in 2014.Except in rare circumstances, these nonprofits – which include 501(c)(4) social welfare organizations and 501(c)(6) trade associations – do not have to disclose their donors to the public, which is why they are often referred to as “dark money” groups. And while they’re not supposed to have politics as their primary purpose, these groups face little oversight <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/02/how-crossroads-gps-beat-the-irs-and-became-a-social-welfare-group/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">from the IRS</a> or <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2016/11/fec-deadlocks-wont-investigate-dark-money-group-that-spent-all-its-funds-on-an-election/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">the FEC</a>, making it easy for them to circumvent limits on political activity.While most politically active nonprofits spend directly from their 501(c) treasuries on politically charged ads, they also contribute significantly to a select few super PACs, such as <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/contrib.php?cmte=C00604496&cycle=2018" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Americans United for Values</a>.Taking into account <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/summ.php?cycle=2018&chrt=V&disp=O&type=U" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">direct 501(c) spending and the spending of super PACs funded by nondisclosing groups</a>, dark money for the 2018 midterms has reached $8.5 million so far. This continues the trend of <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2014/11/as-fec-window-opened-subjects-of-dark-money-issue-ads-became-targets-for-defeat/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">large, early expenditures fueled by secret donors</a>.<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-darkmoney-2017-1.png" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" height="294" sizes="(max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px" src="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-darkmoney-2017-1.png" srcset="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-darkmoney-2017-1.png 1522w, https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-darkmoney-2017-1-300x147.png 300w, https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-darkmoney-2017-1-768x377.png 768w, https://www.opensecrets.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/total-darkmoney-2017-1-1024x503.png 1024w" width="599" style="border: none; max-width: 100%; height: auto; vertical-align: middle;" /></a>Conservative groups, such as the <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013145&cycle=2018" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">U.S. Chamber of Commerce</a> and Trump’s campaign offshoot, <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90017302&cycle=2018" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">America First Policies</a>, make up nearly 80 percent of dark money spending reported to the FEC this cycle. Only two liberal groups – <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=Planned+Parenthood&cycle=2018" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Planned Parenthood</a> and <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90012956&cycle=2018" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Patriot Majority USA</a> – rank <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/summ.php?cycle=2018&chrt=V&disp=O&type=U" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">among the top 10 in dark money spending</a> so far, according to FEC reporting data processed by the Center for Responsive Politics.Political parties – the traditional sources of campaign financing – are driving the unprecedented arms race in outside spending as well.Parties have spent $15.8 million so far this cycle, which is more than seven times the money spent at this point in 2014. Republican Party groups – which had to fight off tougher-than-expected competition in special elections in <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/races/outside-spending?cycle=2018&id=MT01" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Montana</a> and <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/races/outside-spending?cycle=2018&id=GA06" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Georgia</a> – have spent $10.4 million, or about double the $5.4 million by Democrats.</div></div></div><section class="field field-name-field-topic field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix" style="zoom: 1; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); padding: 2px 5px; margin: 5px 0px;"><h2 class="field-label" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: inherit; float: left;">Topic(s): </h2><ul class="field-items" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; float: left;"><li class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; display: inline; list-style: none url(" sites="sites" all="all" themes="themes" amend="amend" images="images" star-gray.png="star-gray.png"><a href="https://movetoamend.org/topics/citizens-united-v-federal-elections-commission" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission</a> </li><li class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; display: inline; list-style: none url(" sites="sites" all="all" themes="themes" amend="amend" images="images" star-gray.png="star-gray.png"><a href="https://movetoamend.org/topics/congress" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Congress</a> </li><li class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; display: inline; list-style: none url(" sites="sites" all="all" themes="themes" amend="amend" images="images" star-gray.png="star-gray.png"><a href="https://movetoamend.org/topics/corporate-rule" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Corporate Rule</a> </li><li class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; display: inline; list-style: none url(" sites="sites" all="all" themes="themes" amend="amend" images="images" star-gray.png="star-gray.png"><a href="https://movetoamend.org/topics/democracy-movement" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Democracy Movement</a></li><li class="field-item even" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; display: inline; list-style: none url(" sites="sites" all="all" themes="themes" amend="amend" images="images" star-gray.png="star-gray.png"><a href="https://movetoamend.org/topics/history" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">History</a> </li><li class="field-item odd" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; display: inline; list-style: none url(" sites="sites" all="all" themes="themes" amend="amend" images="images" star-gray.png="star-gray.png"><a href="https://movetoamend.org/topics/money-free-speech" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;">Money as Free Speech</a></li></ul></section> coverage of dark money, breaking, for instance, the story that the <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=a8a932fa5a&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: transparent; outline: none; word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: normal;">IRS </a><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=0187b14298&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: transparent; outline: none; word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: normal;">granted </a><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=4826e1ce3e&e=44dfb36771" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1482947956498_28211" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: transparent; outline: none; word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: normal;">nonprofit status</a> to Karl Rove’s group after five years of back-and-forth. <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=93ffd328b3&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;">Read about how it happened</a>. (Our story caused the New York Times to lash out <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=184c0ad64a&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;">with an editorial</a> titled “Karl Rove Bamboozles the I.R.S.”) The shadowy giant Crossroads GPS reported $114 million in political spending in its first four years, and dodged reporting millions more. Conversely, GPS’s new incarnation, One Nation, went from reporting no revenue to <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=66d8b4ee26&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;">bringing in more than $10 million</a> in 2015.<div>
</div><div><h4 class="yiv0371813773null" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The price of winning just got higher, especially in the Senate</h4> This election cycle, an average winning Senate candidate had spent $10.4 million through Oct. 19 (reflecting the latest reports filed with the Federal Election Commission). That’s a <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=99242ed5d3&e=44dfb36771" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1478969258143_59966" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;">$1.8 million increase</a> over the same period in the 2014 cycle. By the end of last cycle, the number rose to $10.6 million, and a similar uptick is expected this time once post-election and year-end reports are filed. ...<a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=fc7dfdff7c&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;"> </a><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=51080ba4e6&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;">read more.</a></div><div>---</div><div>Setting a new record and driving much of the <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=585f772934&e=44dfb36771" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1478969258143_60081" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;">higher cost</a> of this year’s elections over 2012’s, outside groups that weren’t formally connected to either political party broke $1.4 billion in outlays in the 2016 cycle. That’s <a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=589f21365e&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;">up from the $1 billion</a> these groups — mostly super PACs and 501(c) organizations — spent in 2012, and way up from the $338 million spent in 2008. ...<a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=b5f96c0b91&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;"> </a><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=9f8d91a2cc&e=44dfb36771" style="-webkit-padding-start: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none; word-wrap: break-word;">read more.</a></div><div>=</div><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/the-conservative-playbook-for-keeping-dark-money-dark">https://www.propublica.org/article/the-conservative-playbook-for-keeping-dark-money-dark</a>How do you stop states and cities from forcing more disclosure of so-called dark money in politics? Get the debate to focus on an “average Joe,” not a wealthy person. Find examples of “inconsequential donation amounts.” Point out that naming donors would be a threat to “innocents,” including their children, families and co-workers.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">And never call it dark money. “Private giving” sounds better

These and other suggestions appear in internal documents from conservative groups that are coaching activists to fight state legislation that would impose more transparency on the secretive nonprofit groups reshaping U.S. campaign finance.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">The documents obtained by ProPublica were prepared by the State Policy Network, which helps conservative think tanks in 50 states supply legislators with research friendly to their causes, and the Conservative Action Project (CAP), a Washington policy group founded by Edwin Meese, a Reagan-era attorney general.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">Dark money is the term for funds that flow into politics from nonprofit groups, which can accept donations of any size but, unlike political action committees, are not required by federal law to reveal the identities of their donors. The anonymity has been upheld by courts that cite as precedent a 1958 Supreme Court ruling that the state of Alabama could not demand that the NAACP turn over a list of its members.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">Since 2008, dark money groups have spent more than $690 million in federal races, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. A single group aligned with Republican presidential hopeful Marco Rubio helped buoy his standing in Iowa before Monday’s caucuses with<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-01-28/dark-money-dominates-political-ad-spending" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none;"> $1.3 million in ads</a>.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">The same story is playing out on the state level. During the 2014 election cycle, 40 nonprofits spent $25 million on TV ads about state races, according to an analysis by the<a href="http://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/12/17/16516/secretive-nonprofits-flourished-and-succeeded-2014-state-elections" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none;">Center for Public Integrity</a>. That represented 3 percent of total ad buys, almost double the proportion that dark money paid for in 2010.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">This year, 38 states are considering bills relating to disclosure, according to a database compiled by the National Conference of State Legislatures. Some have already adopted rules. In 2014, California began requiring nonprofits that engage in campaign activity to live by many of the same disclosure regulations as traditional political committees. Montana decided last year that politically active nonprofits would have to disclose donors, and report any electioneering communications within 60 days of votes being cast.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">A memo distributed by CAP in January to conservative activists highlighted new disclosure rules being considered in Minnesota, Missouri, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Washington, as well as ethics bills in South Carolina and Texas that contain disclosure provisions.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">Groups that are throwing their resources behind stricter campaign finance regulation include Common Cause, which has offices in 36 states, and the Democracy Alliance, an invitation-only organization composed of wealthy liberal donors. According to CAP, though, the initiatives to require disclosure not only pose a threat to free speech but also to the very existence of the nonprofits.<noapp style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="graphic-promo" style="margin: 0px -200px 0px 30px; padding: 20px 0px 25px; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; position: relative; line-height: 1; float: right; width: 500px; z-index: 1;">
<figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; position: relative; line-height: 1.15;">
</figcaption><figcaption style="margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; position: relative; line-height: 1.15;">
</figcaption></div></noapp><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">“This well-coordinated, well-funded effort to require conservative nonprofits like yours to divulge the names and addresses of your donors is all part of a plan to choke off our air supply of funding,” the group said in the memo.<p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">The memo was signed by many leading voices on the political right, including anti-tax advocate Grover Norquist; top officials at Americans for Prosperity, an advocacy group backed by the Koch brothers political network; the Family Research Council; the Council for National Policy; and Heritage Action for America. It describes conservatives as “a persecuted class” and compares labeling private donations “dark money” to calling private ballots “dark voting.”<p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">The State Policy Network, which on its website calls pro-regulation activists "enemies of debate," distributed its documents at a conference held last fall in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The material includes a map of cities and states considering measures to “force disclosure of charitable giving” and a set of “questions that help people see the consequences of public disclosure.” Among them: “Do you think the government should be able to take down names and addresses of Americans and who they donate to? Do you think people should be targeted for expressing their opinions?”<p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">The organization also urges its supporters to choose the right phrases to color the debate, shunning terms such as “activist,” “anonymous” or “dark money” in favor of “private giving,” “censor” and “silencing dissent.” Under the header “Framing the Issue,” a man is pictured with tape over his mouth.<p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">Other documents give conservative activists tips on where to look for “efforts to stifle free speech,” for example in bills that deal with corruption or ethics, or that define electoral activity. “More than a dozen states have considered or passed legislation that changes the definition of electioneering communications to include the everyday activity of non-profit groups, like issuing a non-partisan voter guide,” one briefing says.<p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">Meredith Turney, a spokeswoman for the State Policy Network, said in an interview that along with the materials provided to members, the organization is alerting nonprofits regardless of political orientation that the proposals would interfere with privacy and free speech.<p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">“These laws will impact groups from Planned Parenthood to The Heritage Foundation and start-up movements like Occupy Wall Street and Black Lives Matter,” Turney said.<p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">Arizona Democratic state senator Martin Quezada, who has been pushing dark money disclosure legislation since last year, said his goal is to let voters know which special interests might have influence over a candidate...FOREIGN<p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4;">In January 2010, the Supreme Court ruled that corporations could spend unlimited amounts of dough on political activities, so long as it’s done independent of a party or candidate. (As an aside, we’d like you to know that you can contribute as much as you want to the ProPublica snack cache. We would never be influenced by money, or pretzels, but I know investigative reporters on full stomachs are more likely to investigate that thing you are sure is important but that everybody else thinks is lame. Just saying.) One of the concerns about the so-called “Citizens United” ruling was that foreign corporations would find ways to influence elections. And now they have. Japanese corporation Nintendo has ensured 30-and-under voting will be nonexistent at polling stations that don’t harbor a Pokemon. But also possibly of interest: An <a href="https://theintercept.com/2016/08/03/gop-lawyer-chinese-owned-company-us-presidential-politics/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">investigation</a> by The Intercept found that California-based investment company (it’s really hard to tell what it invests in beyond real estate) American Pacific International Capital Inc., owned by a Chinese couple, found a way to contribute $1.3 million to the Jeb Bush Super PAC Right to Rise USA. But, actually, so? That alone isn’t really the interesting part. Your three Ws:<h3 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 16px;">What is the interesting part?</h3><div class="sidebar-inject" style="background: white; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 16px; float: left; z-index: 2;"><div class="callout-ad ad" id="google-callout" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 16px; clear: none; float: right; z-index: 2; width: 150px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Well, according to The Intercept, that the contribution may well have violated the law, which bars foreign owners from any involvement in the political donation decision-making of their U.S.-based companies. According to a <a href="https://theintercept.com/document/2016/08/03/right-to-rise-usa-memo-on-foreign-owned-corporations-donating-to-super-pacs/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">memo</a> obtained by The Intercept, the Chinese owners were following a strategy laid out for them by a politically powerful American lawyer. (The lawyer told The Intercept that his memo was meant “to ensure compliance with the law.”) But actually, that’s still not the most interesting part.<h3 style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 16px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">What, for goodness sake, is the most interesting part?</h3><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">To me, the most interesting part is how one of the Chinese owners — Gordon Tang — offered an Intercept reporter 200,000 dollars (not sure what country’s dollars he meant) if she didn’t mention unverified claims on Chinese-language websites that accused him of criminal activity. (It’s also interesting that the reporter <a href="https://vimeo.com/177295919/7a27b09b32" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">recorded</a> the convo.)<h3 style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 16px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">What’s most important, though?</h3><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Overall, the multi-part Intercept investigation is basically the first, published, step-by-step account of how the <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: oblique; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1; background: transparent;">Citizens United ruling allows foreign-owned businesses to use domestic companies or subsidiaries to attempt to influence the American political process. Am I worried about that? I dunno, there’s a Pokemon under my desk, so I can’t pay attention right now.<h3 style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 16px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">They Said It</h3><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1.4; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“I don’t even know why you want to be a reporter, reporters make so little money.” — Gordon Tang, to the reporter he offered money. I’m sure she hadn’t thought of that.<a href="http://www.democracynow.org/2016/6/28/headlines/report_finds_surge_in_dark_money_at_state_and_local_level">http://www.democracynow.org/2016/6/28/headlines/report_finds_surge_in_dark_money_at_state_and_local_level</a>A new report has found a surge in the use of dark money donations at the state and local levels. The Brennan Center finds secret spending at the local level increased in recent years, in part because of so-called gray money from organizations funneling money through other groups in order to conceal where it’s coming from. Examples of local spending on races include "Mining companies secretly targeting a legislator who opposed permits. Food companies battling a ballot measure to add labeling requirements. Payday lenders supporting an attorney general who promised to shield them from regulation." Because of the lower cost of state and local elections, such donations can have an even bigger impact.http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-06-26/secret-campaign-cash-gushes-into-u-s-state-and-local-electionsSecret campaign cash from groups that aren’t supposed to coordinate with candidates has over recent election cycles poured into state and local races where the impact can be much greater than at the federal level, according to the Brennan Center for Justice.The New York-based nonprofit law and policy institute researched spending by outside groups in six states between 2006 and 2014. Instances in which donors could be clearly identified fell to 29 percent from 76 percent on average after a landmark 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision that allowed unlimited and anonymous spending, according to the study released Sunday, billed as the first of its kind.So-called dark money is more likely to be tied to a specific benefit for contributors at the state and local levels than in federal elections, the report said. Donations, for instance, may influence the selection of a regulator or the passage of a ballot measure affecting a company’s bottom line, and they can have a greater impact on the outcomes by dominating total spending in low-cost races.“The problem is not that dark money will flood every state and local election or even most,” the Brennan Center report said. “It’s that dark money is most likely to turn up where the stakes are particularly valuable, in amounts that could make all the difference in persuading voters.”Cash FountainThe Citizens United decision allowed as free speech unlimited spending by corporations, labor unions, and the wealthy, often through super political action committees that are technically independent from candidates and must reveal their contributors. Yet it also led to increasing contributions to non-profit groups that spend money on campaigns even though their primary purpose isn’t supposed to be politics. And they don’t have to disclose their donors.Hundreds of millions of dollars in dark money have been spent to influence federal elections, and the same phenomenon is happening at the state and local levels, the researchers said. Dark-money spending rose 34 percent at the federal level between 2006 and 2014 and 38 percent during that time in the states examined, the study found.“There’s just less scrutiny of what’s going on in state and local elections,” said Chisun Lee, a senior counsel at the Brennan Center and one of the report’s authors.In the 2012 race for Utah attorney general, for example, a state legislative committee determined that payday-loan companies worked with Republican John Swallow’s campaign to use generic-sounding PACs such as “Now or Never” and secret nonprofit spending to obscure about $450,000 in donations for election ads seeking protection from new consumer-rights rules, the study said.In Wisconsin, an out-of-state mining company secretly put $700,000 into ads attacking legislators who opposed speeding mine permits, according to the report. The company gave money to one non-profit organization that contributed to a second non-profit that ran the ads, and the company’s role surfaced only through an unrelated court case, the report said.Gray FogWorking with the National Institute on Money in State Politics, a nonpartisan organization in Helena, Montana, that compiles campaign data, Brennan Center researchers identified states where it was possible to track all spending for elections in 2006, 2010, and 2014. Only nine met the criteria for the study, and analysts chose to look at Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Maine, and Massachusetts.Researchers tracked dark money -- donations to non-profits that don’t have to be revealed -- as well as what they dubbed “gray money”: contributions to super-PACs whose sources are difficult or impossible to identify because they are made in the name of other PACs or by non-profits. The amount of gray money in the states examined increased to almost 60 percent in 2014 from 15 percent in 2006, the study found.Secret spending often flows from donors who have a direct economic stake in lower-level elections, making them easier to dominate, the report found. Researchers examined court cases and other investigations in states where the secret donors to dark-money groups were revealed to show the influence of the spending.“There’s good reason not to want folks to know who’s behind the spending,” said Lawrence Norden, deputy director of the Brennan Center’s Democracy Program.While there’s been little action on the federal level to require more disclosure, efforts at the state level can make a difference, the researchers said. In California, which had the most outside spending of the six states examined, stricter disclosure laws meant a low amount of dark money, the report said.The study makes recommendations, including requiring disclosure by all groups that spend a substantial amount on politics, extending disclosure to organizations that donate to other groups, and naming the people in charge of spending entities with opaque titles, while also making reasonable accommodations for spenders.“There is more realistic hope of change at the state and certainly city level,” said the Brennan Center’s Lee.</div><div style="">==

<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/koch-brothers-dark-money_us_57212f1ae4b0f309baefac35" target="_blank">Dark money gets darker</a> –> Paul Blumenthal at The Huffington Post:

“Republicans in Congress are trying to decrease the already scant

amount of disclosure for politically-active nonprofits — known as dark

money groups. The legislative effort is unsurprisingly supported by the

main political arm of the billionaire brothers Charles and David Koch.”

The bill workings its way through Congress would “eliminate the

requirement for nonprofits to make a non-public disclosure of their

donors to the IRS when they file their annual tax forms. The donor

disclosures — known as the Schedule B report — are not released to the

public, but the list of donation amounts with the donor names redacted

are released.” 5/16

==
<div class="content-list-component text" style="">

UPDATE: April 28 — The

legislation passed out of the Ways and Means Committee on a party line

vote with all Republicans in support and Democrats in opposition. Prior

to the vote, committee members were sent <a data-beacon="{" p="p" mnid="mnid" entry_text="entry_text" lnid="lnid" citation="citation" mpid="mpid" href="http://democrats.waysandmeans.house.gov/sites/democrats.waysandmeans.house.gov/files/documents/Koch%20bros%20letter.pdf" target="_blank">another letter in support of the bill</a>.

This letter came from Phillip Ellender, president of Koch Public

Sector, the official lobbying and PR arm of the Koch brothers.

PREVIOUSLY:

WASHINGTON — Republicans in Congress are trying to decrease the

already scant amount of disclosure for politically-active nonprofits —

known as dark money groups. The legislative effort is unsurprisingly

supported by the main political arm of the billionaire brothers Charles

and David Koch.

Rep. Peter Roskam (R-Ill.) is <a data-beacon="{" p="p" mnid="mnid" entry_text="entry_text" lnid="lnid" citation="citation" mpid="mpid" href="https://philanthropynewyork.org/news/congressman-roskam-expected-introduce-donor-disclosure-legislation#.VyDZg4vIT0U.twitter" target="_blank">expected to introduce a bill</a>

in the Ways and Means Committee that would eliminate the requirement

for nonprofits to make a non-public disclosure of their donors to the

IRS when they file their annual tax forms. The donor disclosures — known

as the Schedule B report — are not released to the public, but the list

of donation amounts with the donor names redacted are released.

The bill is supported by Freedom

Partners Chamber of Commerce, the dark money donor hub run by the Koch

brothers. The Kochs operate a vast political empire that mostly operates

through nonprofit organizations that do not disclose their donations.

“This bill is an important first step

toward reaffirming Americans’ right to free speech while protecting

them from threats and intimidation because of their personal beliefs,”

Mark Holden, Freedom Partners chairman and lead lobbyist for Koch

Industries, <a data-beacon="{" p="p" mnid="mnid" entry_text="entry_text" lnid="lnid" citation="citation" mpid="mpid" href="http://freedompartners.org/newsroom/freedom-partners-supports-legislation-prevent-irs-abuse-protect-free-speech/" target="_blank">said in a statement</a>.

Roskam’s legislation comes amid a

court case involving the donor list of another Koch brothers outfit,

Americans for Prosperity Foundation. California attorney general Kamala

Harris had sought the donor list of the organization for non-public

review to ensure that it was abiding by California laws. A federal

court, however, agreed on April 21 with Americans for Prosperity

Foundation’s argument that this was a <a data-beacon="{" p="p" mnid="mnid" entry_text="entry_text" lnid="lnid" citation="citation" mpid="mpid" href="http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-koch-brothers-group-donors-kamala-harris-20160421-story.html" target="_blank">violation of its First Amendment rights</a>.

Campaign finance reform and transparency proponents issued <a data-beacon="{" p="p" mnid="mnid" entry_text="entry_text" lnid="lnid" citation="citation" mpid="mpid" href="http://www.democracy21.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Final-Reform-Group-Letter-House-4-27-16.pdf" target="_blank">a letter</a>

calling on members of the Ways and Means Committee to oppose Roskam’s

bill. Those backing the letter include Brennan Center for Justice,

Campaign Legal Center, Common Cause, CREW, Democracy 21, Public Citizen,

Sunlight Foundation and Rootstrikers.

“Eliminating the existing requirement

for disclosure to the IRS of donations to 501(c)(4) “social welfare”

groups would open the door wide for secret, unaccountable money from

foreign governments, foreign corporations and foreign individuals to be

illegally laundered into federal elections through 501(c)(4) groups,”

the letter reads.</div>

<table role="grid" class="tablesorter tablesorter-default" id="spenders" style="margin-top: 20px;"><tbody><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90011677&cycle=2016">American Future Fund </a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$8,778,926</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

10/2008 </td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013145&cycle=2016">US Chamber of Commerce</a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$6,911,077</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(6)</td><td class="center">

11/1940 </td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90009945&cycle=2016">Club for Growth</a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$3,276,726</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

06/2006 </td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013285&cycle=2016">Americans for Prosperity</a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$1,550,887</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

10/2004 </td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90010620&cycle=2016">VoteVets.org</a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$623,379</td><td class="center">N</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C30002232&cycle=2016">Citizens for a Sound Government</a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$412,975</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

09/2013 </td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90011230&cycle=2016">American Action Network</a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$408,111</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

04/2010 </td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014895&cycle=2016">Environmental Defense Action Fund</a> </td><td>Environmental Defense Fund</td><td class="number">$395,320</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

09/2003 </td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90015439&cycle=2016">America Next</a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$392,648</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

06/2014 </td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90012162&cycle=2016">Enterprise Freedom Action Cmte</a> </td><td>Berman & Co</td><td class="number">$365,033</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

01/2008 </td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90005786&cycle=2016">League of Conservation Voters</a> </td><td>
</td><td class="number">$269,238</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

12/1991 </td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td>

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90005471&cycle=2016">Planned Parenthood Action Fund</a> </td><td>Planned Parenthood</td><td class="number">$223,072</td><td class="center">Y</td><td class="center">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center">

02/1990 </td></tr></tbody></table>

Based on information released to the FEC.

Last update on May 01, 2016.

===
Total Grants to Political Groups since 2008: $1,117,384,903
(Includes

grants to politically active nonprofits, their affiliates and

pass-through groups that have been uncovered by the Center for

Responsive Politics)

<table role="grid" class="tablesorter tablesorter-default" id="donors" style=""><thead><tr class="tablesorter-headerRow" role="row" /><tr class="tablesorter-headerRow" role="row" /><tr class="tablesorter-headerRow" role="row" /><tr class="tablesorter-headerRow" role="row" /><tr class="tablesorter-headerRow" role="row" /><tr class="tablesorter-headerRow" role="row" /><tr class="tablesorter-headerRow" role="row" /><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=453732750">Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$323,936,500</td><td class="center">6 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Nov 2011 - Dec 2014</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=264683543">Center to Protect Patient Rights</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$169,148,666</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2009 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=272753378">Crossroads GPS</a></td><td>Crossroads GPS/American Crossroads</td><td class="number">$64,200,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jun 2010 - Dec 2014</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=204952986">Sea Change Foundation</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$62,219,482</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Aug 2009 - Jul 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=262303259">ClimateWorks</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$51,500,000</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=367519719">TC4 Trust</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$47,505,300</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Aug 2009 - Jun 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=208293674">Atlantic Advocacy Fund</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$42,692,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=522062978">Americans for Job Security</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$24,645,750</td><td class="center">6 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Nov 2011 - Oct 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=943153687">Advocacy Fund</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$24,307,616</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=137029285">Open Society Institute</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$19,571,403</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=262046485">Wellspring Cmte</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$16,463,552</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Feb 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=263390444">Green Tech Action Fund</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$15,179,988</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Aug 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=530241211">Pharmaceutical Rsrch & Mfrs of America</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$14,675,250</td><td class="center">6 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2008 - Dec 2014</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=263753801">Foundation to Promote Open Society</a></td><td>Open Society Foundation</td><td class="number">$14,615,521</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2009 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=522166327">Donors Trust</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$14,133,103</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=270730508">American Action Network</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$13,435,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jul 2010 - Jun 2014</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=581493949">National Christian Charitable Foundation</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$12,663,215</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=521347628">Cellular Telecom & Internet Assn</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$12,278,567</td><td class="center">6 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=521386172">Republican Jewish Coalition</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$8,040,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2014</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=521733698">League of Conservation Voters</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$7,725,508</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2008 - Dec 2014</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=260620554">American Future Fund</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$7,403,700</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=452324423">Evangchr4 Trust</a></td><td>Themis Trust</td><td class="number">$7,185,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jun 2011 - May 2014</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=205355252">Environment America</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$7,147,955</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jul 2008 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=810606786">Partnership Action Fund</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$5,158,814</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jul 2009 - Jun 2013</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=274395336">Free Enterprise America</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$5,057,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2011 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=113723921">Wisconsin Club for Growth</a></td><td>Club for Growth</td><td class="number">$4,998,735</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2013</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=264568349">America Votes</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$4,991,613</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jul 2010 - Jun 2013</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=522192070">Partnership Project</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$4,558,533</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jul 2008 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=260540871">Freedom's Watch</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$4,469,307</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jul 2007 - Dec 2008</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=273097431">Alliance for Freedom</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$4,415,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=202222409">American Justice Partnership</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$4,372,500</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2008 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=450493983">Environment California</a></td><td>Environment America</td><td class="number">$3,970,139</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Sep 2007 - Aug 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=452305224">Priorities USA</a></td><td>Priorities USA/Priorities USA Action</td><td class="number">$3,475,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Apr 2011 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=270419971">America's Families First</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$3,379,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=130433430">American Petroleum Institute</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$3,225,650</td><td class="center">6 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2008 - Dec 2013</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=202303252">Judicial Crisis Network</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$2,984,000</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jul 2012 - Jun 2014</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=311640316">Schwab Charitable Fund</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$2,960,999</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jul 2009 - Jun 2010</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=870745629">Alliance for Climate Protection</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$2,755,800</td><td class="center">3 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=582466607">Alliance for Quality Nursing Home Care</a></td><td>
</td><td class="number">$2,725,000</td><td class="center">6 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Jan 2011 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib_summ.php?id=273379004">Annual Fund</a></td><td>Wellspring Cmte</td><td class="number">$2,634,191</td><td class="center">4 </td><td nowrap="nowrap">Sep 2010 - Jun 2012</td></tr></thead></table>
<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">===<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">5/16 2016 election

<table role="grid" class="tablesorter tablesorter-default" id="summary_A" style=""><tbody><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/indexp.php">President</a></td><td class="number">$13,191,391</td><td class="number">$187,649</td><td class="number">$1,000</td><td class="number">$667,650</td><td class="number">$12,260,092</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2016&id=OHS2">Ohio Senate</a></td><td class="number">$2,826,187</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$2,826,037</td><td class="number">$150</td><td class="number">$0</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2016&id=PAS1">Pennsylvania Senate</a></td><td class="number">$1,650,620</td><td class="number">$395,320</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$1,255,300</td><td class="number">$0</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2016&id=ILS2">Illinois Senate</a></td><td class="number">$1,173,529</td><td class="number">$623,379</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$550,150</td><td class="number">$0</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2016&id=NVS2">Nevada Senate</a></td><td class="number">$1,150,300</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$1,150,300</td><td class="number">$0</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2016&id=INS2">Indiana Senate</a></td><td class="number">$1,000,150</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$1,000,150</td><td class="number">$0</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2016&id=ALS2">Alabama Senate</a></td><td class="number">$414,841</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$1,866</td><td class="number">$0</td></tr><tr class="even" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2016&id=NHS1">New Hampshire Senate</a></td><td class="number">$376,473</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$350,150</td><td class="number">$26,323</td></tr><tr class="odd" role="row"><td><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2016&id=AZS1">Arizona Senate</a></td><td class="number">$350,150</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$0</td><td class="number">$350,150</td><td class="number">
</td></tr></tbody></table><p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">==

<p style="font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">A new investigation by The New York Times shows how the richest U.S.families have avoided paying billions of dollars in taxes by quietly building a "private tax system." The rich have reportedly exploited esoteric loopholes in the current tax system while pouring millions into lobbying for policies to pay even lower taxes, such as repealing the inheritance tax. The result has been billions of dollars in lost taxes. Twenty years ago, the 400 richest families paid 27 percent of their income to federal taxes. In 2012, the 400 richest families paid only 17 percent. Many of these same families who have exploited tax loopholes have poured large sums of money into the 2016 presidential campaign.

===

up 5x

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/09/five-fold-upsurge-super-pacs-dark-money-groups-spending-far-more-than-in-12-cycle-at-same-point-in-campaign/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/09/five-fold-upsurge-super-pacs-dark-money-groups-spending-far-more-than-in-12-cycle-at-same-point-in-campaign/</a>

.,..

f any type of group is in vogue, it’s the “single-candidate” committee, according to FEC data, and that means a boon for conservative groups in terms of sheer spending power. Of the 40 organizations that have spent the most so far in the 2016 cycle — a list that includes political nonprofits, super PACs and business associations — more than half are dedicated to one candidate and one race. The same is true of the top 20 biggest spenders, which includes 11 single-candidate groups.

The rise of single-candidate operations gives conservative organizations an edge in a presidential race marked by a large crop of Republican presidential candidates. Of the 20 biggest spenders, just one has a liberal viewpoint: the establishment-Democrat-backing <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C00484642&cycle=2016" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Senate Majority PAC</a>.

In 2013, back when single-candidate groups spent just under $2.7 million before September, 14 of the top 20 biggest spenders had supported liberal candidates or opposed conservative ones.

The super PAC supporting <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00037008" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Chris Christie</a>, <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C00573055&cycle=2016" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">America Leads</a>, is at the head of the pack in terms of spending this time around, having laid out $4.7 million to support the New Jersey governor’s bid for the GOP nomination. <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C00571372&cycle=2016" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Right to Rise</a>, the super PAC that had raised more than any other as of mid-year — four times more <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/07/jeb-bush-super-pacs-103-million-dwarfs-what-2012-groups-raised/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">than all super PACs combined at this point in 2012</a> — has reported spending $2 million to back<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00037006" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Jeb Bush</a>, the former governor of Florida. But Right to Rise reportedly is shelling out a whopping <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/15/politics/jeb-bush-right-to-rise-ad-buy-24-million/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">$24 million for ads</a> in Iowa and New Hampshire that began running last week; that money is just beginning to show up in FEC reports.

Democrats know how far they’re down, and essentially admitted to the FEC two weeks ago that though they deem some of Republicans’ tactics <a href="http://www.campaignlegalcenter.org/sites/default/files/CLC%20%20D21%20v.%20Jeb%20Bush_Complaint_3.31.15.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">legally</a> <a href="http://www.campaignlegalcenter.org/sites/default/files/CLC%20%20D21%20v.%20Scott%20Walker_Complaint_3.31.15.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">questionable</a>, they’ll do the same if given the green light.

Meanwhile, as of mid-September 2015, groups with the single-candidate designation have spent $16.2 million. That’s more than 55 times as much as the 2012 generation spent at this point and outpaces 2014’s single-candidate super PACs by $14 million. Single candidate groups would go on to spend <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/summ.php?cycle=2012&chrt=V&disp=O&type=C" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">$269 million by the end of the 2012 cycle</a>, and <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/summ.php?cycle=2014&chrt=V&disp=O&type=X" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">$62.6 million in 2014</a>.

[scary graph]

...

Having yet to spend even 6 percent of what they have reported raising, single-candidate groups have cash stockpiled for ad buys, voter calls and mailers, regardless of the course Democrats choose.

“Dark money” advantages

Republican advantages may go beyond sheer numbers. In “America Next,” Gov.<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00026786" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Bobby Jindal</a> (R-La.) has the backing of the first single-candidate “dark money” group to report spending to FEC this cycle. This 501(c)(4) social welfare organization, which can accept unlimited donations without revealing donors’ names, is <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/outsidegroups.php" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">one of several</a> functioning almost as de facto arms of the campaigns themselves, continuing a trend that <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2014/11/latest-candidate-must-have-your-very-own-dark-money-group/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">began only in 2014</a>.

While Democrats, including <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres16/candidate.php?id=N00000019" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Hillary Clinton</a>, have <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/summ.php?cycle=2016&chrt=V&disp=O&type=C" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">single-candidate super PACs</a>providing them big-money firepower this cycle from sources that are disclosed to the public, they have not yet taken the step of incorporating single-candidate dark money organizations into the mix. That’s not to say that liberal dark money groups are entirely silent: <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90005471&cycle=2016" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Planned Parenthood</a> has reported spending $74,057 attacking Clinton’s opponents.

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90015439&cycle=2016" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">America Next</a> has already helped Jindal in a least a couple of ways: The group bought $340,537 in television ads explicitly supporting Jindal’s candidacy for president after months of <a href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/s/33221/secret-fundraising-scheme-that-will-make-super-pacs-look-quaint-2016" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">paying Jindal’s travel bills</a> as he jetted around the country giving policy speeches before declaring himself a candidate.

Most of the Republican candidates, like Jindal, are backed by politically active nonprofits set up to provide donors an anonymous avenue to support a candidate, and some — in particular the pro-Rubio Conservative Solutions Project — have<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/25/pro-rubio-nonprofit-to-launch-seven-figure-ad-campaign-on-iran/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">spent heavily on ads</a> supporting their candidate. By framing its support for Rubio as issue ads, though, Conservative Solutions has avoided having to report that spending to the FEC.

But for some of the multi-candidate “dark money” groups, even their FEC-reported spending is higher than in 2014. <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013285&cycle=2016" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Americans for Prosperity</a>, for example, never reported spending to the FEC before May of an election year. But as of Sept. 21, more than a full year before the 2016 election, the group <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013285&cycle=2016" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">has spent $1.6 million</a>, according to its reports to the agency, making it the fifth-highest-ranking outside spending group so far this cycle.

===

==

series dark money and big data

<a href="http://www.propublica.org/series/buying-your-vote">http://www.propublica.org/series/buying-your-vote</a>

eg 2014 sean noble koch

<a href="http://www.propublica.org/article/the-dark-money-man-how-sean-noble-moved-the-kochs-cash-into-politics-and-ma">http://www.propublica.org/article/the-dark-money-man-how-sean-noble-moved-the-kochs-cash-into-politics-and-ma</a>

==

Hey Big Spender

Every single member of Congress elected last fall got money from the 1 percent of the 1 percent, the tiny elite of top donors like Paul Singer.

Percentage of population these big donors represent: 0.01% [10]

Percentage of all 2012 campaign donations they gave: 28% [11]

Total amount they gave to candidates: $410 million

To super-PACs: $500 million

Percentage of campaign donations that went to Republicans: 59%

Percentage of big donations that came from Wall Street: 25%

Top employer for big donors: Goldman Sachs

13th-biggest employer: Singer's Elliott Management

Total given by Goldman's megadonors: $4.7 million

Total given by Elliott's megadonors: $4.4 million

Source URL: http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/07/paul-singer-elliott-republican-fundraiser

===

<h4 class="yiv0120482407null" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1440259192294_5568" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20.8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Are Lessons from the 2014 Election Forgotten as the 2016 Campaigns Begin?</h4>

The 2014 midterms were marked by the lowest turnout since WWII and the most money spent – $3.8 billion. A deeper dive beneath the numbers revealed additional signs of trouble, as detailed in our recent report's "Five Facts You Didn’t Want to Know” sidebar. Check out the report <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=19a1e5713f&e=44dfb36771" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1440259192294_5562" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 22.5px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">here</a>.

http://assets.opensecrets.org/downloads/2015_donor_report.pdf

The Five Facts You Didn’t Want to Know About the 2014 Midterms

1. The Political 1% of the 1% – just 31,976 Americans – gave $1.2 billion, or 29% of all disclosed spending in the 2014 cycle, up from 25% in 2012 and 21% in 2010 (see Chart 1), and such major donors are now able to give even larger amounts of money;

2. Outside spending, excluding the parties, rose 82% from 2010 to 2014, to $565 million, and such spending dominated many of the key congressional races (see Chart 2), whereas candidates were responsible for just 41% of the political money spent in 2014;

3. The number of donors to candidates in 2014 dropped 20% from the last midterm in 2010, while spending continued to rise (see Chart 3);

4. Dark money has grown dramatically, rising from $5 million in 2006 to $174 million in 2014 (after ballooning to more than $300 million in 2012, a presidential election year); and

5. Not only have dark money totals been rising, but for the first time, in 2014, single-candidate dark-money organizations became part of the equation.

==

===

Politics wapo

2016 fundraising shows power tilting to groups backed

by wealthy elite

By Matea Gold and Anu Narayanswamy July 15 2015

A small cadre of superwealthy Americans is dominating the fundraising for the 2016 Republican presidential

nominating contest, doling out huge sums to independent groups that overwhelm total contributions to the

candidates.

Nearly $4 out of every $5 raised so far on behalf of GOP White House contenders has gone to independent groups

rather than the official campaigns.

Outside groups have already amassed more than $235 million — more than three times the $67 million raised

collectively by the Republican field through June 30, according to reports filed Wednesday with the Federal Election

Commission.

So far, the dynamic is different on the Democratic side, with 80 percent of the more than $80 million raised so far to

support Hillary Rodham Clinton and her competitors flowing to their campaigns.

Clinton boasted the biggest campaign haul of any candidate, $47 million, driven by a largely female donor base.

Contributions less than $200 made up nearly 17 percent of her total. That was in sharp contrast with Republican Jeb

Bush: Just 3 percent of the $11.4 million he raised came from such lowdollar donations.

The lopsided war chests on the right underscore how the financing of political campaigns has been fundamentally

rewired in the five years since federal courts loosened restrictions on political spending by corporations and rich

individuals. Those decisions triggered a rush of big donations and political operatives to independent groups that

can accept unlimited donations, a trend that has dramatically accelerated this year. This election cycle has already

seen bolder collaboration between super PACs and campaigns than previous races, as well as a proliferation of

nonprofit groups aligned with individual candidates.

[How campaigns and their super PAC backers work together] link

The 2016 elections are now poised to mark a tipping point: the first time outside groups outstrip the clout and

resources of many campaigns.

“It’s pretty clear that the super PACs are playing an unprecedented role,” said Michael Malbin, executive director of

the nonpartisan Campaign Finance Institute, which tracks political contributions.

“This whole development to me is staggering,” he said. “You’re in a fundamentally different system than 12 years ago

or eight years ago.”

The huge pack of wellfunded independent groups flanking the Republican candidates has fueled anxiety among

party elders that the GOP is in for a drawnout primary fight — one that could possibly roll into the nominating

convention in July 2016.

“It could end up with the Republican vote split up in a lot of different ways,” said Ron Weiser, a former finance

chairman of the Republican National Committee, who is neutral in the 2016 race. “No one is going to go away if they

have a lot of money in their super PAC.”

“There are people who are concerned that this could end up a long and very extensive primary that could allow the

opponent to gain substantial advantage,” Weiser added.

Bush is far ahead of his rivals in the money race with $119.4 million raised by various entities supporting his bid. In

second place, Sen. Ted Cruz (Tex.) is being bolstered by $51.2 million raised by his campaign and aligned super

PACs, while supporters of Sen. Marco Rubio (Fla.) have donated $45 million between his campaign, a super PAC and

a nonprofit.

[Jeb Bush and his allies amass an unprecedented $114 million haul]

Strip away their outside allies and the top contenders are more evenly matched. Cruz, who jumped in the race first in

late March, has raised $14.3 million for his campaign. Rubio pulled in $12.2 million, while Bush collected $11.4

million in just two weeks as a declared candidate. Retired neurosurgeon Ben Carson is not far behind, with $10.6

million.

Bush donated $388,720 to his own campaign for “testing the waters” activities, covering travel, legal fees, polls and

consulting done before he declared his bid in early June. Advocates for stricter campaign finance rules have argued

that the former governor skirted reporting requirements by spending months traveling and raising money for his

allied super PAC, all while maintaining that he had not decided yet whether to run.

Bush aides said Wednesday that his donation to the campaign showed that he was following the rules.

“Jeb 2016’s first report affirms what we have publicly stated over the past few months — that if Governor Bush

engaged in any testingthewaters activities that they would be paid for appropriately, and that if Governor Bush

decided to run for office that any testingthewaters expenses would be reported at the required time,”

spokeswoman Kristy Campbell said in a statement.

All the expenditures are dated June 5, which was 10 days before he announced he was running.

Bush officials also announced Wednesday that he will release the names of the fundraisers bundling donations for

his campaign by the next filing deadline in October.

For now, the campaign disclosed only the names of lobbyists acting as bundlers, as required by law, showing that

eight raised a collective $228,400 for Bush during the second quarter of 2015.

The top bundlers were William P. Killmer of the Mortgage Banking Association, who raised $36,200; Dirk Van

Dongen of the National Association of Wholesalers, who raised $33,900; and Ignacio Sanchez, cochair of the

lobbying practice at DLA Piper, who raised $32,400.

Bush’s rivals for the GOP nomination — even longshot candidates lagging in the polls — were also able to tout big

fundraising hauls, thanks to their outside allies. Former Texas governor Rick Perry raised just $1 million for his

campaign but has generated more than $16 million in super PAC money, largely from three wealthy backers. The

biggest sum came from his campaign finance chair, oil pipeline executive Kelcy Warren, who donated $6 million.

[Rick Perry’s $6 million man]

Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal, who pulled less than $600,000 during his first official week as a candidate, will benefit

from three different groups — a super PAC and two nonprofits — that have collected more than $8 million so far.

Brad Todd, the GOP strategist running the proJindal Believe Again super PAC, said an expanding universe of

donors has helped fuel the big takes.

“It used to be that once you went through the Bush ambassador list, you were at the end of the rainbow,” he said.

“But there are people who are very engaged in this presidential contest who were never a Ranger or a Pioneer,” the

titles given top bundlers for former president George W. Bush.

Clinton, who raised the largest sums of any official campaign, was quick to start spending the money. Her committee

raced through nearly $19 million in less than three months, even before beginning expensive TV buys. Millions went

to hire hundreds of staffers, a sign of how rapidly it has sought to ramp up a national infrastructure.

Her $47 million haul was boosted by a predominantly female donor base: Of the more the 250,000 contributors

who donated to her campaign, 61 percent are women. That puts her on track to outstrip the presidential highwater

mark set by President Obama in 2012, when 47 percent of donors who gave him more than $200 were women,

according to the Center for Responsive Politics.

Clinton’s smalldonor base is larger than it was in her first quarter of fundraising in the 2008 race, when just 9

percent of her money came from contributions under $200, according to data analyzed by the Campaign Finance

Institute. But it is smaller than that of thencandidate Barack Obama, who raised 22 percent of his money that same

quarter from small donors. It is also dwarfed by that of primary season rival Sen. Bernie Sanders (IVt.). Nearly 76

percent of the $13.5 million in individual donations he received were under $200.

Other contenders on the left lagged behind. Former Maryland governor Martin O’Malley announced he pulled in

$2 million, while former Rhode Island senator and governor Lincoln Chafee reported that he had raised just

$30,000 from donors, in addition to lending his campaign $364,000.

Several contenders — including Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker and New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie — declared their

runs after the close of the last quarter, so they will not file their finance reports until midOctober.

Jose A. DelReal, Tom Hamburger, Rosalind S. Helderman, Catherine Ho, Colby Itkowitz, Carol D. Leonnig and

John Wagner contributed to this report.

Matea Gold is a national political reporter for The Washington Post, covering money and

influence.

<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2016-fundraising-shows-power-tilting-to-groups-backed-by-wealthy-elite/2015/07/15/4c915a74-2b05-11e5-a250-42bd812efc09_story.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2016-fundraising-shows-power-tilting-to-groups-backed-by-wealthy-elite/2015/07/15/4c915a74-2b05-11e5-a250-42bd812efc09_story.html</a>

6/1/14

outside money?

---

<table class="tablesorter" id="summary_A" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; margin: 10px 0pt 15px; width: 650px; line-height: 24px; min-width: 550px; clear: both;"><tbody><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Gardner, Cory (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=COS2" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">COS2</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$2,065,774</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,100,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$965,774</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Cotton, Tom (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=ARS1" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">ARS1</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,794,981</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$5,701</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,789,280</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Kingston, Jack (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=GAS1" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">GAS1</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,556,335</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,556,335</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Sink, Alex (D)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=FL13" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">FL13</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,442,541</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$11,298</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,431,243</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">McConnell, Mitch (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=KYS1" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">KYS1</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,313,217</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,050,150</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$263,067</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Tillis, Thom (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=NCS1" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">NCS1</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,270,682</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$450,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$820,682</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Markey, Ed (D)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=MAS2" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">MAS2</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,154,312</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,106,170</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$48,142</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Cassidy, Bill (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=LAS1" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">LAS1</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$709,445</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$709,445</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Simpson, Mike (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=ID02" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">ID02</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$525,259</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$525,259</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Ernst, Joni (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=IAS2" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">IAS2</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$524,997</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$524,997</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Land, Terri Lynn (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=MIS1" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">MIS1</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$500,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$500,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">McDaniel, Chris (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=MSS1" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">MSS1</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$500,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$500,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Dold, Bob (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=IL10" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">IL10</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$500,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$500,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Mills, Stewart (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=MN08" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">MN08</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$500,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$500,000</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jolly, David (R)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=FL13" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">FL13</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$477,611</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$471,663</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$5,948</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Hagan, Kay R (D)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap=""><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=NCS1" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">NCS1</a></td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$462,954</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$7,242</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$455,712</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$0</td></tr></tbody></table>

--

top recip (some flow thru?)

<table class="tablesorter" id="spenders" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; margin: 20px auto; width: 629px; line-height: 24px;"><tbody><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Corner Table LLC</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Center to Protect Patient Rights</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$128,992,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2011 - Oct 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">American Future Fund</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$80,105,866</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Feb 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">60 Plus Assn</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$42,123,723</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Americans for Tax Reform</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$37,167,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PRDIST LLC</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Americans for Prosperity</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$33,691,800</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2010 - Oct 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Americans for Responsible Leadership</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$25,623,050</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2011 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Center to Protect Patient Rights</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$24,850,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Americans for Prosperity</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$18,040,390</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">League of Conservation Voters</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$16,561,040</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Campaign for Community Change</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$13,800,993</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Commitment</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$13,084,544</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2011 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Tides Advocacy Fund</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Advocacy Fund</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$13,009,750</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Action Network</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$11,490,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">STN LLC</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Themis Trust</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$11,406,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2010 - Oct 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Americans for Prosperity Foundation</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Americans for Prosperity</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$11,345,875</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2009 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Americans for Job Security</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$11,111,922</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Feb 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Advocacy Fund</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$9,985,944</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">League of Conservation Voters Education Fund</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">League of Conservation Voters</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$8,804,050</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2009 - Jul 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Americans for Limited Government</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$8,384,100</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Apr 2009 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Concerned Women for America Legislative Action</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Concerned Women for America</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$8,150,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Nov 2011 - Oct 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sierra Club Foundation</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sierra Club</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$8,116,321</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Jul 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Natural Resources Defense Council</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$7,431,983</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jul 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">America Votes</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$7,310,955</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">National Rifle Assn</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$7,215,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jun 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Progressive Future</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$6,123,440</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Aug 2011</td></tr></tbody></table>

---

chart shows declining disclosure, increasing expon amounts

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/disclosure.php?range=tot">http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/disclosure.php?range=tot</a>

2014 5/14

<table class="tablesorter" id="spenders" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; margin: 20px 0pt 15px; width: 629px; line-height: 24px;"><tbody><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013145&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">US Chamber of Commerce</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$13,316,468</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(6)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">11/1940</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90012956&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Patriot Majority USA</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$3,736,255</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90005786&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">League of Conservation Voters</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,956,007</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">12/1991</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90011230&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Action Network</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$515,905</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">04/2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014838&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Citizens for Responsible Energy Solutions</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$469,759</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">N</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014705&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Legacy Foundation Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$350,173</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">N</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013244&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Emergency Cmte for Israel</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$316,938</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">N</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90011578&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Chemistry Council</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$308,731</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(6)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">10/1942</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013038&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">YG Network</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$293,472</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014788&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">ForAmerica</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$250,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90011685&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">60 Plus Assn</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$247,758</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">03/1991</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=American+Future+Fund&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Future Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$246,216</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">10/2008</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014697&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Ending Spending</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$177,960</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">03/2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=NARAL+Pro-Choice+America&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">NARAL Pro-Choice America</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$172,592</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">10/1971</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014754&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Freedom Vote</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$167,571</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90011115&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Independent Women's Voice</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$160,285</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">11/2004</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90013640&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Commitment</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$136,204</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">N</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014762&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">State Tea Party Express</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$106,138</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">N</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014796&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Americans for a Conservative Direction</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$102,035</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">N</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90005471&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Planned Parenthood Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Planned Parenthood</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$93,046</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">02/1990</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=Susan+B+Anthony+List&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Susan B Anthony List</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$90,091</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">07/2001</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C70000716&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">NRA Institute for Legislative Action</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">National Rifle Assn</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$78,648</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">04/1944</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/detail.php?cmte=C90014580&cycle=2014" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">350.org Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$55,593</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Y</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">501(c)(4)</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">06/2008</td></tr></tbody></table>

===

<table class="tablesorter" id="donors" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; margin: 20px auto; width: 629px; line-height: 24px;"><tbody><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=453732750" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">reedom Partners Chamber of Commerce</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$210,279,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Nov 2011 - Oct 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=264683543" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Center to Protect Patient Rights</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$166,507,589</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2009 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=272753378" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Crossroads GPS</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Crossroads GPS/American Crossroads</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$49,700,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jun 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=367519719" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">TC4 Trust</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$44,811,800</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Aug 2009 - Jun 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=208293674" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Atlantic Advocacy Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$42,442,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=204952986" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Sea Change Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$29,986,150</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Aug 2009 - Jul 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=522062978" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Americans for Job Security</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$24,575,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Nov 2011 - Oct 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=943153687" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Advocacy Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$22,976,902</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=262046485" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Wellspring Cmte</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$16,138,552</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Feb 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=263390444" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Green Tech Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$15,139,988</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Aug 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=522166327" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Donors Trust</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$14,133,103</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=530241211" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Pharmaceutical Rsrch & Mfrs of America</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$13,555,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=521386172" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Republican Jewish Coalition</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$8,000,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=205355252" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Environment America</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$6,897,955</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2008 - Jun 2009</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=260620554" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Future Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$5,903,700</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=581493949" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">National Christian Charitable Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$5,202,431</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=274395336" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Free Enterprise America</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$5,057,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2011 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=522192070" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Partnership Project</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$4,558,533</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2008 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=260540871" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Freedom's Watch</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$4,469,307</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2007 - Dec 2008</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=273097431" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Alliance for Freedom</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$4,190,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=113723921" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Wisconsin Club for Growth</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$3,748,735</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=450493983" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Environment California</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Environment America</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$3,699,154</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Sep 2007 - Aug 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=452305224" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Priorities USA</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Priorities USA/Priorities USA Action</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$3,400,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=270419971" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">America's Families First</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$3,379,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=202222409" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Justice Partnership</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$3,372,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=521733698" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">League of Conservation Voters</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$3,292,968</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=810606786" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Partnership Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$3,098,854</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jun 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=130433430" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Petroleum Institute</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$2,900,150</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=870745629" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Alliance for Climate Protection</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$2,755,800</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=522298172" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Family Coalition</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Berman & Co</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$2,500,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2009 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=582466607" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Alliance for Quality Nursing Home Care</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$2,475,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2011 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=200960855" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Citizenlink</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Focus on the Family</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$2,235,616</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Oct 2008 - Sep 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=264568349" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">America Votes</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$2,138,613</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2010 - Jun 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=273379004" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Annual Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Wellspring Cmte</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$2,134,191</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Sep 2010 - Jun 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=311640316" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Schwab Charitable Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$2,085,999</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jun 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=391743887" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce Issue</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$2,075,600</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=270730508" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Action Network</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,950,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2010 - Jun 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=271204594" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Citizens for a Strong America</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,797,956</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=262495846" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Patriot Majority USA</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,757,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=270424641" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Freedom & Values Alliance</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,715,346</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=396037928" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Lynde & Harry Bradley Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,638,720</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2009 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=581691765" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">John William Pope Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,525,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=900080500" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Environmental Defense Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Environmental Defense Fund</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,388,080</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Oct 2009 - Sep 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=522267268" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">New Models</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,371,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=133615533" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,235,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=452324423" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Evangchr4 Trust</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Themis Trust</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,185,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jun 2011 - May 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=941153307" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Sierra Club</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,167,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=800444461" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Public Interest Projects Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,100,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=382190330" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Edgar & Elsa Prince Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,076,850</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jun 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=208802884" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Mayors Against Illegal Guns Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$1,020,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=352015808" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Dean & Barbara White Family Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$1,000,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=943126848" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Energy Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$990,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=521349353" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">FreedomWorks</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$900,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2011 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=800580228" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Common Sense</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$900,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=940707299" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">National Fedn of Independent Business</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$890,280</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=453199086" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Rosebush Corp</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$850,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Aug 2011 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=273711817" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">SecureAmericaNow.org</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$850,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=208180281" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Environment Massachusetts</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Environment America</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$793,331</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2008 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=116107128" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Environmental Defense Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$757,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Oct 2011 - Sep 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=237066873" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Richard & Helen DeVos Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$650,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=943340436" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">New Majority California</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$625,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=455447986" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Committee for American Fairness</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$600,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=274185270" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Founding Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$590,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Dec 2011 - Nov 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=383332791" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Arcus Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$583,632</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=251113452" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Sarah Scaife Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$577,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=270061100" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Campaign for Community Change</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$527,029</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Oct 2009 - Sep 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=450518844" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Rights at Work</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$525,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jun 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=480935563" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Claude R Lambe Charitable Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$504,725</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2009 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=300192708" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Center for American Progress Action Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$500,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=137029285" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Open Society Institute</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$468,883</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=271993953" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Michigan Citizens for Fiscal Responsibility</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$425,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=800437208" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Common Sense Colorado</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$425,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=390711690" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Wisconsin Bankers Assn</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$416,600</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jun 2010 - May 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=650415977" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Dunn's Foundation for Advancement/Right Thinking</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$400,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Apr 2009 - Mar 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=262731617" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Energy Alliance</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$400,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2011 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=250818080" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">United Steelworkers</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$397,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c5</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=131068220" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Motion Picture Assn of America</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$385,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2011 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=270755923" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Jobs First Coalition</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$365,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=237009135" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Community Foundation Serving Richmond & Central VA</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$350,250</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2009 - Dec 2009</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=043243004" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Proteus Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$350,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=200309803" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Republican Governors Public Policy Cmte</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Republican Governors Assn</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$335,948</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=360725160" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Farm Bureau</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$315,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c5</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Dec 2009 - Nov 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=452841608" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Americans for Responsible Leadership</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$300,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=360727175" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Medical Assn</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$295,120</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2008</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=363975580" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Americans for Limited Government</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$250,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=200505849" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">State Government Leadership Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$245,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=251914600" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Cornerstone Action</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$243,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=541962665" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">AGC Public Awareness & Advocacy Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$225,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2011 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=530222396" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">National Cable & Telecommunications Assn</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$225,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=800729128" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Partnership for America</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$220,112</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">May 2011 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=042762647" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Fund for the Public Interest</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$200,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=571151228" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Environment Colorado</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Environment America</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$200,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Sep 2010 - Aug 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=204681603" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Club for Growth</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$198,386</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jul 2010 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=208824096" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Common Sense Issues Coalition</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$195,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Nov 2009 - Oct 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=208824036" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Common Sense Issues</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$175,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Nov 2011 - Oct 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=261525298" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Progressive Future</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$165,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2010 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=391233219" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Wisconsin Manufacturers & Commerce Issues</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$157,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c6</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Oct 2008 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=271347875" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Common Sense Movement</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$150,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=260623149" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Democracy Alliance</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Commitment</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$150,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Aug 2008 - Jul 2009</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=841243301" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Castle Rock Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$150,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Dec 2010 - Nov 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=208476893" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Catholic Assn</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$150,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=202404168" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">MyWirelessOrg</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">Cellular Telecom & Internet Assn</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$135,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=510402204" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">One Jerusalem</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$134,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=861158500" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Alliance Defense Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$125,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jun 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=943213100" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Tides Center</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Advocacy Fund</td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$121,694</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=521762320" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Values</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$112,500</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=311663020" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">US Charitable Gift Trust</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$111,706</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=526037034" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Harry & Jeanette Weinberg Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$101,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Mar 2009 - Feb 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=133922199" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">James & Judith K Dimon Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$100,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Dec 2009 - Nov 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=640875827" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Mississippi Common Trust Fund</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$100,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jul 2009 - Jun 2011</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=043101202" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Marcus Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$100,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=753148958" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Americans for Prosperity</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$100,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2012 - Dec 2012</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=446015127" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">EL Craig Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$100,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Aug 2009 - Jul 2010</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=581792400" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Farago Foundation</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$100,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr><tr class="even"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=522214305" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">USAction</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">$95,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">c4</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" nowrap="">Jan 2008 - Dec 2008</td></tr><tr class="odd"><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/nonprof_contrib.php?id=205792227" style=" text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Sam Adams Alliance</a></td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);"> </td><td class="number" style=" text-align: right; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">$75,000</td><td class="center" style=" text-align: center; padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);">c3</td><td style=" padding: 4px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 246);" nowrap="">Jan 2010 - Dec 2010</td></tr></tbody></table>

===

IRS Delays New Rules for Dark Money Groups

The agency has pushed back indefinitely a hearing on new regulations for social welfare nonprofits that spend money on politics.

After intense criticism from both ends of the political spectrum, the Internal Revenue Service has delayed indefinitely proposed rules that would have imposed new limits on social welfare nonprofits, which have pumped hundreds of millions of dollars from anonymous donors into recent elections.

The agency said yesterday it would postpone a hearing on <a href="http://www.propublica.org/article/the-irs-moves-to-limit-dark-money-but-enforcement-still-a-question" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">the proposal it released in November</a> defining more clearly what constitutes political activity for such groups, and would revise the plan to reflect some of the more than 150,000 comments it triggered.

Officials put no timeline on the process, disappointing those who had hoped the new regulations might kick in before this year's mid-term elections.

"I think it's unfortunate that new rules will be delayed even further and that we're going through another election cycle" without them, said Paul S. Ryan, senior counsel with the Campaign Legal Center.

Others called the delay a prudent step that would give the IRS an opportunity to get a crucial change right.

"They're not going to put out some slapdash rule just to check it off their list," said John Pomeranz, a Washington lawyer who works with nonprofits that spend money on politics. He doesn’t expect the agency to finish the rules any time soon. “I think we’ll be lucky if they’re in place for the 2016 election.”

Social welfare nonprofits have poured money into politics since the Supreme Court's Citizens United decision in 2010, which allowed corporations, unions and nonprofits to spend unlimited money on elections.

Social welfare nonprofits spent more than $256 million in the 2012 cycle alone, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Campaign finance watchdogs have viewed their rise with concern, fearing the influence of so-called "dark" money from secret donors, and had called for more oversight from the IRS.

Under IRS regulations, the groups can spend some of their resources on politics, but must devote themselves mostly to social welfare to keep their nonprofit status. But the rules defining what is and isn't politics are murky.

Late last year, the IRS moved to clarify the issue, but its proposal came under fire from both the left and the right.

Conservatives complained that the rules would stifle political speech. The American Civil Liberties Union chafed at a provision in the proposed rules that would prevent nonprofits from backing ads that even mentioned politicians in the two months before a general election.

"We have no doubt that the Service is acting with the best of intentions, but the proposed rule threatens to discourage or sterilize an enormous amount of political discourse in America," the ACLU <a href="https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/assets/2-4-14--aclu_comments_to_irs_re_guidance_for_tax_exempt_social_welfare_orgs_on_crpa_4.pdf" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; line-height: 1; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">said in its written response to the proposal</a>.

The plan was also criticized for impeding nonpartisan election work such as voter registration drives and get-out-the-vote efforts.

The IRS, still facing fallout from accusations that it singled out the applications of conservative nonprofits for special scrutiny in the run-up to the 2012 election, decided it would make revisions.

"Given the diversity of views expressed and the volume of substantive input, we have concluded that it would be more efficient and useful to hold a public hearing after we publish the revised proposed regulation," the agency said in statement.

http://www.propublica.org/article/irs-pushes-back-new-rules-for-dark-money-groups?utm_source=et&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=dailynewsletter#

===

moyers:  <a href="http://billmoyers.com/episode/whos-buying-our-midterm-elections/">http://billmoyers.com/episode/whos-buying-our-midterm-elections/</a>

<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/authors/andy-kroll">http://www.motherjones.com/authors/andy-kroll</a>

Kim Barker pro publ https://www.propublica.org/site/author/kim_barker

==

pro publ koch list 3/14

60 Plus Association

American Commitment

Small Business Action Committee

Themis Trust

Concerned Women for America Legislative Action Committee

Generation Opportunity

Public Notice

National Rifle Association of America

CitizenLink

California Future Fund for Free Markets

Center for Shared Services Trust

The LIBRE Initiative Trust

Public Engagement Group Trust

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Citizen Awareness Project

American Energy Alliance

Concerned Veterans for America

National Federation of Independent Business

Americans for Limited Government

National Association of Manufacturers of the United States of America

The Taxpayers Protection Alliance

West Michigan Policy Forum

National Right to Work Committee

Veteransforastrongamerica.org

No New Taxes, No on Prop 204

Rightchange.com II

Republican Jewish Coalition

Coalition to Protect Patients' Rights

The Hispanic Leadership Fund

State Tea Party Express

NFIB The Voice of Free Enterprise

Save Our Vote Opposing Prop 121

Americans for Jerusalem

Ending Spending

Morning in America

Coalition for American Values Action

Heritage Action for America

Partnership for Ohio's Future

The Progress Project

Club for Growth

Coalition for American Jobs

Susan B. Anthony List

Americans for Tax Reform

Arioch Project

American Values Action

Tea Party Patriots

Emergency Committee for Israel

Citizen Media

Fair Arizona Independent Redistricting Trust

Common Sense Issues

GOPAC Education Fund

American Principles in Action

Freedom Vote

Policy and Taxation Group

All Votes Matter

American Tradition Partnership

King Street Patriots

AUL Action NFP

Empower Texans

Generation Joshua, a project of the Home School Legal Defense Association

Council for Citizens Against Government Waste

American Action Network

New Hampshire Advantage Coalition

Hampton Roads Tea Party

New Mexico Business Coalition

Arizona Public Integrity Alliance

Citizens for Community Values Action

Smart Girl Politics Action

Ohio Voter Integrity Project

=

==

lee fang on lobbying deregister

<a href="http://www.thenation.com/blog/178494/lee-fang-rise-shadow-lobbying#">http://www.thenation.com/blog/178494/lee-fang-rise-shadow-lobbying#</a>

<a href="http://www.thenation.com/print/article/178460/shadow-lobbying-complex">http://www.thenation.com/print/article/178460/shadow-lobbying-complex</a>

<div style="line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">More than eight months out from Election Day, voters around the country are already being peppered with political attack ads <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k9S2qCsI74" target="_blank" style=" text-decoration: none;">like this one</a> from a 501(c)(4) social welfare organization whose address is a post office box in Des Moines, Iowa. In this second midterm election since the Supreme Court's Citizens United ruling, nonparty groups such as super PACs and politically active nonprofits have <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/cycle_tots.php?cycle=2014&view=Y&chart=N" style=" text-decoration: none;">already spent nearly $31 million</a> on these kinds of ads, three times more than they had dumped into congressional races at this point in the 2010 cycle.

</div>

</div>

<div style="line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It's not just the amount of money pouring into states like North Carolina, New Hampshire and Alaska that is startling. Voters are increasingly left in the dark about where it's coming from. That's because the "dark money" nonprofits, primarily 501(c)(4) social welfare organizations and 501(c)(6) trade associations, neither of which must disclosure their donors, are playing an increasingly prominent role in the fight to control Congress. By themselves, they have already spent 75 percent more at this point than in the record-shattering 2012 cycle, when they ultimately spent a whopping $310 million. opensecrets</div>

===

brulle 2013:

donor trust 14%

scaife 7%, bradley 5 plus 1% ed, koch 5, howard charatible fdn 4, john w pope 4, searle 4, templeton 4%, dunn's fdn for the adv of rt thinking 2, smith richardson 2, vanguard 2, ...annenbeg kohler 2, Lilly 2%

RECIPIENTS

aei 16%, heritage 14, hoover 8% 45 mil$, Manh 6%, cato 5, hudson 5, atlas 4, afp 4, locke 3, heartl 3, reason 3, mrc 3, mercatus 3, ncpa 3, cei 2, spn2, pacif res 2, iwf 1, landmark 1, freedomwork 1 5.3m$

===

<a href="http://www.globalpossibilities.org/study-finds-shift-to-dark-money-in-climate-change-denial-effort/" style=" background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.globalpossibilities.org/study-finds-shift-to-dark-money-in-climate-change-denial-effort/</a>

<div class="story-date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 18px;"><em style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="field field-name-field-date field-type-date field-label-hidden" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="field-items" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="field-item even" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="date-display-single" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">December 22, 2013  |</div>

The largest, most-consistent money fueling the climate denial movement are a number of well-funded conservative foundations built with so-called “dark money,” or concealed donations, according to an <a href="http://drexel.edu/_{/media/Files/now/pdfs/Institutionalizing%20Delay%20-%20Climatic%20Change.ashx}" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">analysis</a> released Friday afternoon.

The study, but Drexel University environmental sociologist Robert Brulle, is the first academic effort to probe the organizational underpinnings and funding behind the climate denial movement.

It found that the amount of money flowing through third-party, pass-through foundations like Donors Trust and Donors Capital, whose funding cannot be traced, has risen dramatically over the past five years.

Meanwhile the traceable cash flow from more traditional sources, such as Koch Industries and ExxonMobil, has disappeared.In all, 140 foundations funneled $558 million to almost 100 climate denial organizations from 2003 to 2010.

The study was published Friday in the journal  <a href="http://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/atmospheric+sciences/journal/10584" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">Climatic Change</a>.

“The climate change countermovement has had a real political and ecological impact on the failure of the world to act on global warming,” Brulle said in a statement. “Like a play on Broadway, the countermovement has stars in the spotlight  – often prominent contrarian scientists or conservative politicians – but behind the stars is an organizational structure of directors, script writers and producers.”

“If you want to understand what’s driving this movement, you have to look at what’s going on behind the scenes.”

<h3 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Consistent funders</h3>

To uncover that, Brulle developed a list of 118 influential climate denial organizations in the United States. He then coded data on philanthropic funding for each organization, combining information from the  <a href="http://foundationcenter.org/" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">Foundation Center</a>, a database of global philanthropy, with financial data submitted by organizations to the Internal Revenue Service.

<img brain="false" alt="Figure1-550" src="http://wwwp.dailyclimate.org/tdc-newsroom/2013/12/Figure-1-550.jpg/image_large" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" />According to Brulle, the largest and most consistent funders where a number of conservative foundations promoting “ultra-free-market ideas” in many realms, among them the Searle Freedom Trust, the John Williams Pope Foundation, the Howard Charitable Foundation and the Sarah Scaife Foundation.

Another key finding: From 2003 to 2007, Koch Affiliated Foundations and the ExxonMobil Foundation were “heavily involved” in funding climate change denial efforts. But Exxon hasn’t made a publically traceable contribution since 2008, and Koch’s efforts dramatically declined, Brulle said.

Coinciding with a decline in traceable funding, Brulle found a dramatic rise in the cash flowing to denial organizations from  <a href="http://www.donorstrust.org/" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">Donors Trust</a>, a donor-directed foundation whose funders cannot be traced. This one foundation, the assessment found, now accounts for 25 percent of all traceable foundation funding used by organizations promoting the systematic denial of climate change.

A call and e-mail Friday night to Donors Trust was not immediately returned.

And for Brulle, that’s a matter of democracy. “Without a free flow of accurate information, democratic politics and government accountability become impossible,” he said. “Money amplifies certain voices above others and, in effect, gives them a megaphone in the public square.”

Powerful funders, he added, are supporting the campaign to deny scientific findings about global warming and raise doubts about the “roots and remedies” of a threat on which the science is clear.

“At the very least, American voters deserve to know who is behind these efforts.”

<div class="author-bio" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Douglas Fischer is editor of <a href="http://www.dailyclimate.org/" style=" margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">TheDailyClimate.org</a>.</div>

</div>

===

===

left, lcv

<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That means liberal dark money in 2013 makes up 70 percent of all the dark money spent so far.  At this point in 2011, liberal money accounted for less than 6 percent of the dark money spent, and in 2009, the total was a little higher, at 6.5 percent.</div>

</div>

<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The top spender, the League of Conservation Voters, has already reported laying out <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/recips.php?cmte=C90005786&cycle=2014" style=" outline: none;">more than $800,000 in direct support for Ed Markey's</a> (D-Mass.) successful run for the Senate seat vacated by John Kerry -- almost twice as much as all dark money groups combined had spent at this point in the 2012 cycle. </div>

</div>

<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">LCV's pro-Markey efforts account for nearly half of the liberal dark money spent so far in 2013, and a third of all dark money spent.  </div>

</div>

<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Last February, when Markey came under fire for <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/02/21/rep-ed-markey-compares-citizens-united-to-dred-scott-case/" target="_blank" style=" outline: none;">comparing</a> the Citizens United decision to the infamous 1857 Dred Scott Supreme Court decision -- which denied citizenship to anyone of African descent and provided a legal framework for slavery -- his campaign responded by saying, "Karl Rove, the Koch Brothers and anonymous special interests have no place in our elections and no place in this Senate race." Yet once the race was over, it was clear that the vast majority of the anonymous money <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/races/indexp.php?cycle=2014&id=MAS2" style=" outline: none;">spent in the race</a> favored Markey.</div>

</div>

<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">LCV's efforts in support of Markey were entirely positive, an aberration in dark money spending. Most outside groups use their resources to attack their favored candidates' opponents.</div>

</div>

<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So far this cycle, more dark money has been spent supporting candidates, rather than opposing them -- a departure from both the 2010 and 2012 cycles at this point in time.</div>

==

Today, the Koch-funded "Freedom Partners," which secretly distributed $250 million during the 2012 election season, posted its first federal tax report which uncloaked several Koch-related entities that were previously unknown. Last week, Politico broke the news of the existence of this group. Today, new details of the group's spending are available for the first time.

The new-ish organization, formally known as "Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce," lists five entities which it owned 100% of:

The "American Entrepreneur Fund LLC," which had assets of $885,316 and whose activities are listed as simply as "projects"

The "American Enterprise Group LLC," which had assets of $424,975 and whose activities are listed as "management"

The "American Strategies Group LLC," which had assets of $97,714 and whose activities are listed as "public outreach"

The "MIC LLC," with assets of $25,000 and whose job was "research"

And, "American Strategic Innovations LLC," with assets of $4,976, whose job was also listed as "research"

All of these entities, whose assets totaled more than $1.4 million as of October 2012, share the same street address: 2200 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 102-391, Arlington, Virginia 22201. All of these corporations are registered in Delaware. The activities of these groups is not known and their current assets are also unknown. (These corporations are listed on the form as "disregarded" in IRS lingo not because they no longer exist but because of a technical tax definition for certain companies that are similar to sole proprietorships or controlled by just a few people.)

The Koch-Fueled CPPR Got More than $100 Million Last Year

The Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce's tax filing also lists the names and amounts of all of the entities it funded between late 2011 and the eve of the 2012 elections. Here is the list of the top five groups to which the Kochs' Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce funneled millions:

"Corner Table LLC," known as the "Center to Protect Patient Rights" (CPPR): three infusions of cash totalling $114,678,000. CPPR is at the center of a probe by the California Elections Board on "dark money" spent through shell groups to influence two ballot initiatives, among other concerns that have been raised about it.

"PR Dist LLC," described as "Americans for Prosperity," which is directed by David Koch: two infusions totaling $31,600,000

"The 60 Plus Association Inc.," $15,660,000

"American Future Fund," $13,600,000

"Concerned Women for American Legislative Action Committee," $8,150,000

Kochs Have Claimed No Role on Gun Policy; the NRA Got Millions

In the past 18 months as controversy has grown over the role of the Koch-funded American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) in pushing so-called "Stand Your Ground" legislation, Koch Industries has repeatedly issued denouncements that it has any role in gun policies. The Center for Media and Democracy, however, has documented how extreme gun policies of the National Rifle Association (NRA) have flourished while Koch Industries has had a seat on and led ALEC's Private Enterprise Board (which was recently rebranded as the Private Enterprise Advisory Council).

While it is not known if Koch Industries has donated any funds to the Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce, what is known -- as CMD has documented -- is that this organization is filled with Koch operatives, was launched in the same building as the Charles Koch Foundation, and has very close ties to David and Charles Koch, who are two of the richest men in the world.

Now, with this tax filing it is clear that this Koch-related operation is directly funding the NRA. The NRA received more than the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, receiving $3,465,000. The NRA describes itself as a membership organization, where people can pay $35 to be a member and get a subscription to one of the NRA magazines. However, the NRA has not disclosed how much of its funding comes from gun manufacturers or non-profit groups such as the Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce.

The Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce also gave millions to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the National Federation of Independent Business, and the National Association of Manufacturers.

More Mysteries of the Koch Network Exposed

In addition to these, the Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce spent another $50 million on other groups, cumulatively, some of which are well known and some of which have flown below the public's radar:

"American Commitment," $6,260,000

"Partnership for Ohio's Future," $500,000

"West Michigan Policy Forum," $1,000,000

"American Energy Alliance," $1,460,000 (has previously been connected to the Kochs)

"American Values Action," $230,000 (spent $14 million on "independent expenditures" including phone calls against Obama during the 2012 election; donors unknown/not registered as a PAC)

"Common Sense Issues, Inc.," $50,000

"Heritage Action for America, Inc.," $500,000 (connected to the Heritage Foundation, which has deep Koch connections)

"ORRA LLC (EVANGCH4 Trust)," $5,055,000

"POFN LLC (Public Notice)," $5,466,250

"Republican Jewish Coalition," $700,000

"RION LLC (Center for Shared Service Trust)," $2,738,000 (closely connected to the Charles Koch Foundation)

"SLAH LLC (Public Engagement Trust)," $1,500,000 (Arlington)

"State Tea Party Express," $600,000 (operates out of Willows, California)

"STN LLC (Themis Trust)," $5,781,000

"TONA LLC (Libre Initiative Trust)," $3,112,000

"Tea Party Patriots," $200,000 (operating out of Woodstock, Georgia)

"TRGN LLC (Generation Opportunity)," $5,040,000 (a group aimed at Gen X that tries to pin the economic crash that began under President George W. Bush on Democrats)

"The National Right to Work Committee," $1,000,000 (which pushes anti-worker, union-busting measures)

Some of these groups have been directly connected to the Koch fortune by prior research, such as the Heritage Foundation's arms (which are long-time recipients of Koch money), the Center for Shared Service (which helps recruit right-wingers for jobs in the Koch network and which shares an office building with the Charles Koch Foundation) Themis and Libre (which advance Koch corporate agenda of Ayn Rand-style economic policies), and the Tea Party groups (which the Kochs initially claimed to the New Yorker's Jane Mayer that they had little to do with, despite evidence to the contrary).

Other groups were not yet tied to Koch money, like Generation Opportunity (which is aimed at college graduates struggling to find work in this economy and which attempts to blame progressive policies for the economic crisis that was actually spurred by Koch-style deregulation peddled by David Koch's Citizens for a Sounds Economy, which pressed for the repeal of Glass-Steagall protections, the predecessor group of Koch's Americans for Prosperity).

Others, such as the array of LLCs in the list in addition to the gigantic sum given to CPPR, raise additional questions about the Koch agenda and how it was spent during the last election cycle when hundreds of millions in dark money was poured into so-called issue ads and other "public education" activities that coincided with election themes.

The Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce describes itself as devoted to advancing its members "common business interests." It is a trade group organized under section 501(c)(6) of the tax group, with corporate members (which may be able to write-off part of their investment as a business expense). The question a growing number of people are asking is how the pursuit of these common business interests is actually undermining the prosperity of ordinary Americans, while advancing the interests of some of the richest few in the country.

(This article has been updated, including new links.)

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2008

This directory offers a glimpse at the leaders behind the independent groups who have the potential to influence this election. These groups do not have to disclose their donors and spending the same way the candidates do. Some don't have to disclose at all. Many of the leaders are part of more than one organization.

This is part of the Secret Money Project, done in conjunction with NPR and the Center for Investigative Reporting. Click on a letter below to take you to an individual's last name in the directory, or just browse.

KAREN ACKERMAN: <a href="http://www.aflcio.org/mediacenter/prsptm/pr01092003.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Political director</a> of AFL-CIO; <a href="http://www.progressivemajority.org/board/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">board member</a> of Progressive Majority; board member of America Votes; board member of Ballot Initiative Strategy Center; advisor to Progress Now

JOHN H. ADAMS: Secretary of League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.nrdc.org/about/jha.asp" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founding director and former president</a>of the Natural Resources Defense Council

TIM ALBRECHT: Spokesperson for American Future Fund; former communications consultant for the Iowa Republican Party; former Iowa press secretary for Republican Mitt Romney's presidential campaign; former field staffer for the 2000 presidential campaign of Steve Forbes)

JOEL ARENDS: <a href="http://www.vetsforfreedom.com/about/founders.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director and co-founder</a> of V<a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92686475" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Vets for Freedom;</a> former director of Iowa Veterans Operations for McCain's 2008 presidential campaign and field director for Bush-Cheney 2000

MARCIA ARONOFF: <a href="http://www.edf.org/page.cfm?tagID=891" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Senior VP for Programs</a> at Environmental Defense Fund; board member of League of Conservation Voters; former chief of staff to Sen. Bill Bradley

MICHELE AUSTIN: Board member of Coloradans for Economic Growth; McCain delegate to the Republican National Convention; at-large appointee of the Arapahoe County Republican Party; <a href="http://www.firstclasseducation.org/colorado/index.asp" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">treasurer</a>of First Class Education Colorado; involved in several organizations promoting Colorado ballot measures that would curb the power of unions: Ask First, Clean Government Colorado, Ethical Standards Now

PAUL AUSTIN: Board member at League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.mnvotercenter.org/about.cfm?at=7" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">executive director</a> of Conservation Minnesota Voter Center

MELODY BARNES: <a href="http://www.americanprogress.org/experts/BarnesMelody.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive VP for Policy</a> at Center for American Progress; board member of Planned Parenthood; former chief counsel to Sen. Edward Kennedy

BILL BELDING: <a href="http://www.votevets.org/about/about?id=0005#belding" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Member</a> of VoteVets board of advisors; <a href="http://www.cja.org/aboutCJA/aboutCJA.shtml#board" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">board member</a> at Center for Justice and Accountability; former president of Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation; former chief of staff of Common Cause

DAVID BELLAVIA: Vice chairman and co-founder of <a href="http://www.vetsforfreedom.org/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Vets for Freedom</a>

<a href="http://www.navigatorsllc.com/RhondaBentz/34/default.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">RHONDA BENTZ:</a> Strategy and media consultant to Coalition for a Democratic Workplace; member of McCain's national finance team; formerly worked on the campaign steering committee for Sen. Norm Coleman (R-MN)

<a href="http://www.bermanco.com/berman.htm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">RICHARD BERMAN</a>: Executive director and president of the Employee Freedom Action Committee; president of the Center for Union Facts, Center for Consumer Freedom, Employment Policies Institute Foundation and American Beverage Institute

BRIAN BERRY: Board member of <a href="http://www.citizensunited.org/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Citizens United;</a> manager of President Bush's 1994 gubernatorial primary campaign; manager of Texas Republican Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison's 1993 campaign; former executive director of the Ohio Republican Party; former southwestern regional political director for the Republican National Committee

DEEPAK BHARGAVA: <a href="http://www.communitychange.org/who-we-are/our-staff/deepak-bhargava" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of Center for Community Change; member of The Nation editorial board; national advisory board member at Open Society Insitute; board member of America Votes

BRENT BLACKWELDER: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/board-of-directors/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Honorary director</a> of League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.foe.org/about/Brent.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of Friends of the Earth

KEN BLACKWELL: <a href="http://www.clubforgrowth.org/about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Club for Growth; former mayor of Cincinnati; former undersecretary at the U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development; former Ohio Secretary of State; unsuccessful candidate for governor in 2006

JOAN BLADES: <a href="http://www.moveon.org/about.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Co-founder and secretary of MoveOn.org;</a> <a href="http://momsrising.org/manifesto/authors" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">co-founder and president</a> of MomsRising.org

BRADLEY BLAKEMAN: Former president and CEO of Freedom's Watch; former deputy assistant to President George W. Bush

JOHN BLISS: <a href="http://www.citizensunited.org/about/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Citizens United

<a href="http://www.21stcenturydems.org/SpeakerSeries/jeff-blum" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">JEFF BLUM:</a> Executive director of USAction and USAction Education Fund; steering committee co-chair of Health Care for America Now; board member of America Votes; advisor to Progress Now; president of Campaign to Defend America

SHERWOOD BOEHLERT: Director of League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000586" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">former congressman (R-NY)</a>

MICHAEL BOOS: <a href="http://www.citizensunited.org/about/?about=michaelboos" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">VP and general counsel</a> of Citizens United; contact for the Presidential Coalition; former executive director of the Legal Affairs Council; former program director of Young America's Foundation

JAMES BOPP: <a href="http://www.citizensunited.org/press/?entryid=9966133" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Attorney for Citizens United,</a> National Right to Life Committee and Focus on the Family; member of RNC

ROBERT BOROSAGE: <a href="http://www.ourfuture.org/user/4/full" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Co-director of Campaign for America's Future;</a> <a href="http://www.progressivemajority.org/board/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">chair</a> of Progressive Majority; board member of America Votes

DAVID N. BOSSIE: <a href="http://citizensunited.org/about/?about=davidbossie" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of Citizens United; <a href="http://www.presidentialcoalition.com/about.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder/president</a> of the Presidential Coalition; former investigator for the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, investigating Clinton controversies

WES BOYD: <a href="http://www.moveon.org/about.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Founder and president</a> of MoveOn.org; board member of Progressive States Network; board member of Progress Now; secretary of Campaign to Defend America

MARGO BRANSCOMB: Board member of Coloradans for Economic Growth; school choice activist who has done work for Colorado Alliance for Reform in Education and the Alliance for Choice in Education

MATTHEW BROOKS: Treasurer of Freedom's Watch; <a href="http://www.rjchq.org/Biography.asp?FormMode=SingleBio&ID=24" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">executive director</a> of Republican Jewish Coalition and Jewish Policy Center

FLOYD G. BROWN: Founder of Citizens United; <a href="http://www.nationalcampaignfund.com/about/floydbrown.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder and president of National Campaign Fund;</a>president of Policy Issues Institute and Reagan Legacy Foundation; former executive director of Young America's Foundation; board member of American Conservative Union; helped produce the "Willie Horton ad" that damaged Michael Dukakis' 1988 presidential campaign; served as an advisor for several Republican presidential campaigns and in the Reagan Administration

CAROL BROWNER: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/board-of-directors/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member of League of Conservation Voters;</a> former administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency; married to Michael Podhorzer

BILL BUCK:<a href="http://www.majorityaction.net/ourteam.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Spokesman</a> for Majority Action; former press secretary to General Wesley Clark's 2004 presidential campaign and the DNC; worked on Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign

ANNA BURGER: <a href="http://www.seiu.org/about/officers_bios/burger_bio.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Secretary-treasurer</a> at SEIU; chair of the Change to Win labor federation; former director of Fund for America; vice chair of Democracy Alliance; board member of America Votes; board member of They Work for Us; advisor to Progress Now; former member of leadership circle of Majority Action

MARCIA BYSTRYN: Board member of League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.nylcv.org/staff/marcia_bystryn" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of New York League of Conservation Voters

EVERETT (BROWNIE) CARSON: Board member of League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.nrcm.org/staff_brownie_carson.asp" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">executive director</a> of Natural Resources Council of Maine

HARRY CARTER: <a href="http://www.ppaction.org/ppvotes/harry_carter.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Chair</a> of Planned Parenthood Action Fund

JOHN J. CASTELLANI: <a href="http://www.aarp.org/issues/dividedwefail/about_us/leadership.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Co-leader of Divided We Fail;</a> <a href="http://www.businessroundtable.org/aboutUs/bios/JohnCastellani.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of Business Roundtable

LINDA CHAVEZ-THOMPSON: Executive vice president emerita of AFL-CIO; <a href="http://www.democrats.org/a/party/chavez-thompson.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">vice chair</a> of the Democratic National Committee; former president of AFSCME

BOBBY CLARK: Deputy director of Progress Now Action; <a href="http://www.progressnow.org/page/content/about-org/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">worked on</a> Howard Dean's internet campaign in 2004

CARRIE CLARK: Board member of League of Conservation Voters; executive director of Conservation Council of North Carolina

GEN. WESLEY CLARK: <a href="http://www.votevets.org/about/about?id=0005#clark" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Member of VoteVets board of advisors;</a> advisory board member of Democrats Work; trustee of Center for American Progress; 2004 presidential candidate

MARTIN COLLIER: Board member of Progress Now; <a href="http://www.glaserfoundation.org/overview/index.asp" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">executive director</a> of Glaser Progress Foundation

MARY JEAN COLLINS: <a href="http://www.pfawactionfund.org/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Senior VP and national political director</a> at People for the American Way; former national vice president of National Organization for Women; board member of America Votes; board member of <a href="http://www.choiceusa.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=68&Itemid=6#Mary%20Jean" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Choice USA</a>

PATRICK COLLINS: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/staff" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Vice President for Finance and Administration</a> for League of Conservation Voters

NOEY CONGDON: <a href="http://www.progressnowaction.org/about/82/noey-congdon" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Progress Now Action

PATRICIA COOPER: <a href="http://www.progressnowaction.org/about/20/patricia-cooper" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Progress Now Action

BARBARA COUFAL: Steering committee co-chair of Health Care for America Now; <a href="http://tba2008.confabb.com/users/profile/bcoufal" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">assistant director of legislation</a> at the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees

ED COYLE: <a href="http://www.retiredamericans.org/ht/d/sp/i/462/pid/462" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of Alliance for Retired Americans; founder of Independent Action PAC; board member of America Votes

ED CRANE: <a href="http://www.cato.org/people/crane.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of the Cato Institute; co-founder of Club for Growth; board member of U.S. Term Limits

AMY K. DACEY: <a href="http://www.seiu.org/media/pressreleases.cfm?pr_id=1706" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Government relations director</a> at SEIU; former executive director of Fund for America; traveling political director for John Kerry's 2004 presidential campaign; former national political director for Sen. Kerry's political action committee; former deputy political director of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committtee; former state legislative program director for EMILY's List; former deputy political director at the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee.

JOHN DeCOCK: <a href="http://www.cleanwateraction.org/about/board.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of Clean Water Action; former executive director of Sierra Club Foundation; board member of America Votes

CHRIS DESSER: <a href="http://www.wvwv.org/about/board-and-bios" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Co-founder and board member</a> of Women's Voices. Women Vote; Tomales Bay Institute fellow

CLIFF DODGE: Executive director of Coloradans for Economic Growth; state lobbyist; former Republican state senator; former chief of staff for state senate GOP

TAMMY DUCKWORTH: Member of VoteVets board of advisors; <a href="http://www.veterans.illinois.gov/staff.htm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">director</a> of the Illinois Dept. of Veterans Affairs; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Congress in 2006

ALAN P. DYE: Incorporator of the Employee Freedom Action Committee; counsel for Republican Ron Paul's presidential campaign; <a href="http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?boardmember=12&page=10" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">board member</a> of Freedom House

REP. DONNA F. EDWARDS: <a href="http://donnaedwards.house.gov/about.shtml" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Member</a> of the U.S. House of Representatives (D-MD); board member at League of Conservation Voters (on leave of absence); board member on leave for They Work For Us; former executive director of Arca Foundation; <a href="http://www.nnedv.org/news/local/56-state-a-local-news/137-donnaedwards.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">co-founder and executive director</a> of National Network to End Domestic Violence; former lobbyist for Public Citizen

ANNA EKINDJIAN: Development director at America Votes; former development director at Progressive Majority LILY ESKELSEN: <a href="http://www.nea.org/presscenter/neabios.html#lily" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Secretary-treasurer</a> of the National Education Association; former Democratic nominee for Congress in Utah.

JOE EULE: Executive director of Freedom's Watch; former chief of staff to then-Rep. J.D. Hayworth (R-AZ)

ARI FLEISCHER: Secretary of Freedom's Watch; <a href="http://www.rjchq.org/Biography.asp?formmode=SingleBio&ID=48" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">board member</a> of Republican Jewish Coalition; former press secretary to President George W. Bush

CARL FORTI: Executive vice president of Freedom's Watch; former Political Director to presidential candidate Mitt Romney; former communication director at the National Republican Congressional Committee

<a href="http://www.bsfllp.com/lawyers/data/0256" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">GEORGE T. FRAMPTON:</a> Board member at League of Conservation Voters; former top environmental advisor to President Clinton; former president of Wilderness Society

KALYN FREE: <a href="http://www.indnslist.org/Kalyn_Free" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Founder and president</a> of INDN's List (Indigenous Democratic Network); member of Democratic National Committee; board member of America Votes

TYRONE FREEMAN: Board member of Working For Us PAC; <a href="http://draft.seiu-ultcw.org/About_6434/tyrone_freeman/default.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of SEIU's Long-Term Care Workers Union; former vice president of SEIU International

MARTIN FROST: <a href="http://www.americavotes.org/site/content/leadership/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of America Votes; former Democratic congressman and former chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee

<a id="G" name="G"><="" a="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(109, 138, 196); -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">CAROLINE GABEL: </a><a href="http://www.defenders.org/newsroom/press_releases_folder/2002/03_27_2002_defenders_of_wildlife_announces_board_officers.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Treasurer</a> of Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund; president of the Shared Earth Foundation; former senior staffer to Rep. James Oberstar (D-MN)

MEGHAN GAFFNEY: <a href="http://www.majorityaction.net/ourteam.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Fundraiser</a> for Majority Action; former Western regional financial services director at the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee

PAGE S. GARDNER: <a href="http://www.wvwv.org/about/board-and-bios" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Founder and president</a> of <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90114863" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Women's Voices. Women Vote;</a> deputy political director for Bill Clinton's 1992 campaign

RICHARD GILDER: Chairman emeritus of Club for Growth; Republican donor <a href="http://www.pattonboggs.com/bginsberg/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">BEN GINSBERG:</a> Legal counsel to American Future Fund; counsel to Mitt Romney's presidential campaign; national counsel to both Bush-Cheney campaigns; legal adviser to Swift Boat Veterans for Truth; counsel to the Republican National Committee, National Republican Senatorial Committee, National Republican Congressional Committee and the Republican Governors Association

GINA GLANTZ: Vice chair of Planned Parenthood Action Fund; senior advisor to SEIU President Andy Stern; former aide to Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign; former national campaign manager for Bill Bradley's 2000 presidential campaign; <a href="http://www.newpolitics.net/node/33" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder</a> of New Politics Institute; board member of Qvisory

TIM GOEGLEIN: Consultant for Let Freedom Ring; former <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/02/20080229-9.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Bush Administration liaison</a> to religious conservatives

<a href="http://www.ltsrlaw.com/laurence_gold.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">LAURENCE E. GOLD</a>: Counsel to They Work For Us; associate general counsel of the AFL-CIO

ILANA GOLDMAN: <a href="http://www.wcfonline.org/sn/meet_the_team" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President of Women's Campaign Forum;</a> board member of America Votes

BARBARA GONZALEZ-MCINTOSH: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/staff" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">General counsel</a> for League of Conservation Voters

JOE GOODE: <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93351993" http="" www.wvwv.org="" women-s-voices-women-vote-names-first-executive-director="women-s-voices-women-vote-names-first-executive-director" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of Women's Voices. Women Vote; pollster for Bill Clinton's 1992 campaign

WADE GREENE: Honorary director of League of Conservation Voters; trustee of Beldon Fund; philanthropic advisor to the Rockefeller Family

LISA GUTHRIE: Board member at League of Conservation Voters board; executive director of Virginia League of Conservation Voters

PAUL HACKETT: Member of VoteVets board of advisors; <a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/08/03/politics/main713695.shtml" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">unsuccessful Democrat candidate for Congress in 2006</a>

<a href="http://majorityplus.com/ourteam.html#Patrick" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">PATRICK J. HALL</a>: Former board member of Patriot Majority Midwest and Pioneer Majority; former executive director of Oklahoma Democratic Party

<a href="http://www.newsguests.com/site/about" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">COLIN A. HANNA:</a> President of Let Freedom Ring

DEBORAH HAMILTON: Spokesperson for Let Freedom Ring; <a href="http://www.newsguests.com/site/about" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of Newsguests.com; spokeswoman for Pennsylvania Family Institute, Citizens for Community Values in Ohio, New Jersey Family Policy Council and Exodus International

DAVID HARDT: Secretary of America Votes; <a href="http://www.yda.org/about/204/officers-and-board" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of Young Democrats of America

JOHN (JAY) A. HARRIS: Board member at League of Conservation Voters; Changing Horizons Fund

<a href="http://www.navigatorsllc.com/ToddHarris/27/default.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">TODD HARRIS:</a> Strategy and media consultant to Coalition for a Democratic Workplace; former communications director for Fred Thompson's presidential campaign; former strategist to Sen. John McCain, California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger and others

ARSHAD HASAN: <a href="http://www.democracyforamerica.com/users/18674-arshad-hasan" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Training director</a> for Democracy for America; board member of America Votes; formerly worked with MoveOn.org PAC

ROBERT HAUPTMAN: SEIU Special Assistant to the Secretary-Treasurer for Operations; <a href="http://www.catalist.us/management.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Member of board of managers</a> of Catalist

BRUCE E. HAWKINS: <a href="http://exposeobama.com/brucehawkins.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of National Campaign Fund; straw poll manager for former GOP presidential candidate Mike Huckabee's Iowa campaign; former Washington State Director for Pat Buchanan in 1996 and Pat Robertson in 1988

PETE HEGSETH: <a href="http://www.vetsforfreedom.org/about/founders.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Chairman/co-founder</a> of Vets for Freedom

PAUL HELMKE: Board member of America Votes; <a href="http://www.bradycampaign.org/about/paul-helmke-bio.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence; former mayor of Fort Wayne, Ind.

MARY KAY HENRY: <a href="http://www.seiu.org/about/officers_bios/henry_bio.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive vice president</a> of SEIU

J.B. HOLSTON: <a href="http://www.progressnowaction.org/about/21/jb-holston" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Progress Now Action

ARLENE HOLT BAKER: <a href="http://www.aflcio.org/aboutus/thisistheaflcio/leaders/officers.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive VP</a> of AFL-CIO; former area director for AFSCME; former vice chair of the California Democratic Party

RAMPA R. HORMEL: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/board-of-directors/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member of League of Conservation Voters;</a> president of the Global Environment Project Institute

<a href="http://www.pstrategies.com/personprofile.php?eid=164" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">JOE HOUSEHOLDER</a>: Secretary of American Alliance for Energy Independence; former director of Patriot Majority; former communications director for Sen. Hillary Clinton (D-NY); former communications director for former Iowa Gov. Tom Vilsack

<a href="http://www.wsba.org/howellbiography.pdf" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">HELEN HOWELL:</a> Board member of Planned Parenthood; former counsel to Sen. Patty Murray (D-WA); former special assistant to the President and White House deputy staff secretary under President Clinton

GERALD (GERRY) HUDSON: <a href="http://www.seiu.org/about/officers_bios/ghudson.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive vice president</a> of SEIU; former political director of NY state Democratic Party

JOHN HUNTING: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/board-of-directors/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member at League of Conservation Voters;</a> <a href="http://www.beldon.org/beldon/about/default.asp?PageName=trustees" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">trustee</a> of Beldon Fund

MAUDE HURD: <a href="http://tba2007.confabb.com/users/profile/mhurd" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN); board member of America Votes

EVAN HUTCHISON: Political director of Vote Vets; <a href="http://voterscape.com/drupal/?q=node/9" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">regional director</a> for Wesley Clark's 2004 presidential campaign

MICHAEL HUTTNER: <a href="http://www.progressnowaction.org/about/50/michael-huttner-executive-director" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91864861" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Progress Now Action;</a> former policy advisor to Colorado Governor Roy Romer

AVIS JONES-DE WEEBER: Board member of Women's Voices. Women Vote Action Fund

<a href="http://www.hks.harvard.edu/about/faculty-staff-directory/elaine-kamarck" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">ELAINE KAMARCK:</a> Member of Vote Vets board of advisors; served in the Clinton Administration

GENE KARPINSKI: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/staff/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of League of Conservation Voters; board member of America Votes;<a href="http://www.beldon.org/beldon/about/default.asp?PageName=trustees" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">trustee</a> of Beldon Fund; former executive director of U.S. Public Interest Research Group

DAVID KEATING: <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93351993" http="" www.clubforgrowth.org="" about-staff.php="about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of Club for Growth; board member and senior counselor at National Taxpayers Union

NANCY KEENAN: <a href="http://www.naral.org/about-us/meet-nancy/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of NARAL Pro-choice America; board member of America Votes

TIM KELLY: Vice President of Policy Issues Institute; radio network founder; <a href="http://www.reaganlegacyfoundation.org/bod.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">vice president</a> of Reagan Legacy Foundation

BOB KERREY: Member of Vote Vets board of advisors; < href="http://www.newschool.edu/president/biography.aspx?s=1">president of The New School; <a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000146" former="" u.s="" senator="senator"><="" a="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(109, 138, 196); text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">and former governor(D-NE)</a>

<a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000146" former="" u.s="" senator="senator"><="" a="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(109, 138, 196); text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">TOM KIERNAN: Treasurer of League of Conservation Voters; </a><a href="http://www.npca.org/who_we_are/president.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of National Parks Conservation Association

LAWRENCE J. KORB: Member of Vote Vets board of advisors; <a href="http://www.americanprogress.org/experts/KorbLawrence.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">senior fellow</a> at Center for American Progress; senior advisor to Center for Defense Information; assistant Secretary of Defense under President Reagan

JAMES V. LACY: <a href="http://exposeobama.com/jameslacy.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Treasurer and general counsel of National Campaign Fund;</a> treasurer and secretary of Policy Issues Institute; treasurer for Citizens for a Safe and Prosperous America; member of Republican State Central Committee of California; co-founded Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association; former board member of Ocean Institute, the American Conservative Union, and Young America's Foundation; former treasurer of the Legacy Committee

<a href="http://www.quinngillespie.com/team/sstaff.htm#lampkin" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">MARC LAMPKIN:</a> Executive director of Strong American Schools; deputy campaign manager for President Bush's 2000 campaign; senior Bush-Cheney political operative at 2000 Republican National Convention; a leader in Florida recount efforts; former general counsel for the House Republican Conference

BARBARA LEACH: <a href="http://www.myruralamerica.org/aboutus/leadership.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President/founder</a> of My Rural America; board member of America Votes

MICHAEL LEAVITT: Political director at Freedom's Watch; former deputy political director to John McCain's presidential campaign

FRAYDA LEVIN: <a href="http://www.clubforgrowth.org/about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member of Club for Growth;</a> chair of New Jersey chapter of Americans for Prosperity

LINDA LIPSEN: <a href="http://soprweb.senate.gov/index.cfm?event=getFilingDetails&filingID=8cdc0c87-d5a0-498a-b0a5-ef258c345e02" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Lobbyist</a> for American Association for Justice; board member of America Votes; board member of Grassroots Democrats LISA LISKER: Treasurer of American Future Fund Political Action; treasurer of the McCain Victory Committee, a joint fundraising committee for McCain's presidential campaign and the Republican National Committee; treasurer of numerous other Republican political action committees

MARK LONGABAUGH: <a href="http://www.majorityaction.net/ourteam.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of Majority Action; former political director of Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund; former senior VP of political affairs for League of Conservation Voters; worked on Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign

MARK LOTWIS: <a href="http://www.21stcenturydems.org/2007/10/1/our-staff-executive-director" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of 21st Century Democrats; former campaign planning director at DCCC; board member of America Votes

WILLIAM LUCY: <a href="href" http="" www.afscme.org="" about="" cfm="cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">International secretary-treasurer</a> of American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME); founder and president of the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists; board member of Americans for Democratic Action; vice chair of the Solidarity Center

MICHAEL LUX President of a political consulting company called <a href="http://www.progressivestrategies.net/pages/staff/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Progressive Strategies;</a> President of American Family Voices; coordinates Progressive Donor Network; board member and co-founder of Americans United for Change, Grassroots Democrats, Progressive Majority, Ballot Initiative Strategy Center and Women's Voices. Women Vote; former senior VP for political action at People for the American Way; served President Clinton as special assistant for public liaison; former aide to Sen. Hillary Clinton

MIMI MAGER: Founding member of EMILY's List; <a href="http://www.wvwv.org/about/board-and-bios" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">board member of Women's Voices. Women Vote;</a>member of Clinton-Gore transition team

ELLEN MALCOLM: <a href="http://www.emilyslist.org/about/welcome/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Founder/president</a> of EMILY's List; board member of America Votes

ELENA MARKS: <a href="http://www.plannedparenthood.org/about-us/national-leadership/elena-maslia-marks-13970.htm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Chair</a> of Planned Parenthood Federation of America; director of health and environment for mayor of Houston

VALERIE MARTIN: Treasurer of Let Freedom Ring; <a href="http://www.templeton.org/pdfs/leadership_team/martin_2006.pdf" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">CFO</a> of the John Templeton Foundation

TONY MASSARO: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/staff/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Senior VP for Political Affairs and Public Education</a> for League of Conservation Voters; former executive director of Colorado League of Conservation Voters

TOM MATZZIE: Treasurer of Progressive Majority; founder and chair of Accountable America; former Washington director of MoveOn; board member of Working For Us PAC; former treasurer of Campaign to Defend America and secretary of Progressive Media USA; previously led Americans Against Escalation in Iraq; <a href="http://www.progressivemajority.org/board/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">organized a campaign</a> against Social Security privatization at Campaign for America's Future; former online director for 2004 Kerry-Edwards campaign; former online director for the AFL-CIO

LARRY MCCARTHY: Media consultant to American Future Fund; worked for Mitt Romney's presidential campaign in 2008 and the Progress For America Voter Fund in 2004; worked for Sens. Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), Susan Collins (R-ME) and Conrad Burns (R-MT), and the Republican Governors Association; former communications director of the National Republican Senatorial Committee; produced the controversial "Willie Horton ad" that damaged Michael Dukakis' 1988 presidential campaign

WINSOME MCINTOSH:<a href="http://www.defenders.org/newsroom/press_releases_folder/2002/03_27_2002_defenders_of_wildlife_announces_board_officers.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund; <a href="https://www.rachelsnetwork.org/founders.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">co-founder</a> of Rachel's Network; former board member of League of Conservation Voters

WILLIAM McNARY: <a href="http://www.usaction.org/site/pp.asp?c=eiJPJ5OVF&b=83308#mcnary" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of USAction; <a href="http://www.wvwv.org/about/board-and-bios" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">board member of Women's Voices. Women Vote</a>

GERALD W. McENTEE: <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/www.afscme.org/about/740.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">International president</a> of American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME); chair of the AFL-CIO's Political Education Committee; <a href="http://www.grassrootsdemocrats.com/new/board_of_directors/mcentee" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">co-chair</a> of Grassroots Democrats; co-founder and board member of Economic Policy Institute

ROB McKAY: Chair of Democracy Alliance; former secretary-treasurer of Fund for America; former director of America Coming Together; board member of Progress Now; Taco Bell heir

WILLIAM H. MEADOWS III: Board member at League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.naturalresourcescouncil.org/about/boardmems_detail.cfm?LinkAdvID=63400" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of the Wilderness Society

ELISEO MEDINA: <a href="http://www.seiu.org/about/officers_bios/medina_bio.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive president</a> of SEIU; <a href="http://www.dsausa.org/about/structure.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">honorary chair</a> of Democratic Socialists of America

TIM MILLER: Communication director of the Employee Freedom Action Committee

GREG MOORE: <a href="http://www.naacpnvf.net/leadership/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of NAACP National Voter Fund; board member of America Votes; former deputy political director for Democratic National Committee

MARKOS MOULITSAS ZUNIGA: <a href="http://www.workingforuspac.org/index.php/twfu/pages/about" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of They Work For Us; <a href="http://www.dailykos.com/special/about2#bio" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder</a> of the blog Daily Kos

MIKE MURPHY: Strategy and media cosultant to Coalition for a Democratic Workplace; senior strategist for Sen. John McCain's 2000 presidential campaign and California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger's 2003 recall election, among other campaigns; he is a founding member of a <a href="http://www.navigatorsllc.com/MikeMurphy/24/default.aspx%3Epolitical%20consulting%20group%3C/a%3E%20%3CP%3E%3Cstrong%3EJORGE%20MURSULI:%3C/strong%3E%20Board%20member%20of%20League%20of%20Conservation%20Voters;%20%3Ca%20href=" http="" democraciausa.org="" en="" about="" mursuli="" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a>of Democracia USA, a project of People for the American Way

PHIL MUSSER: Advisor to American Future Fund; senior advisor for Mitt Romney's presidential campaign; former executive director of Republican Governors Association; former deputy chief of staff at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development under President Bush; worked for the 2000 Bush-Cheney campaign

<a href="http://www.hackstaffgessler.com/MDN.htm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">MARIO DANIEL NICOLAIS: II</a> Incorporated Coloradans for Economic Growth; former senior research analyst and county chair for Rudy Giuliani's presidential campaign; political director for Bob Schaffer's 2004 Senate campaign

BILL NOVELLI: Co-leader of Divided We Fail; <a href="http://www.aarp.org/about_aarp/aarp_leadership/photos_bios/a2002-12-27-novelli.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">CEO</a> of AARP; chairman of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids; former executive vice president of CARE

KNOX NUNNALLY: <a a="" href="http://www.vetsforfreedom.org/about/founders.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Co-founder of Vets for Freedom</a>

ELI PARISER: <a href="http://pdf2007.confabb.com/users/profile/Eli+Pariser" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of MoveOn; board member of America Votes; board member of They Work for Us; advisor to Progress Now

ED PATRU: Vice president for communications at Freedom's Watch; former communications director at House Republican Conference; former deputy communications director at National Republican Congressional Committee

DOUG PHELPS: <a href="http://www.uspirg.org/about-us/staff/staff/douglas-h_-phelps" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President and chairman</a> of U.S. PIRG; chairman of the Advisory Board of the Fund for Public Interest Research; chair of Green Corps; board member of Progress Now

T. BOONE PICKENS: Leader of the Pickens Plan; <a href="https://www.bpcap.net/pickens.asp" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder and chairman of BP Capital Management;</a>former executive finance committee member for Rudy Giuliani's presidential campaign; major donor to Swift Boat Veterans for Truth and other Republican causes

CHUCK PIKE: <a href="http://www.clubforgrowth.org/about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Vice president</a> of Club for Growth

JOHN PODESTA: <a href="http://www.americanprogress.org/experts/PodestaJohn.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">CEO and president</a> of Center for American Progress; board member of Women's Voices. Women Vote; board member at League of Conservation Voters; adviser to Progress Now; former director at Fund for America; former chief of staff to President Bill Clinton

MICHAEL PODHORZER: Deputy director of political strategy for AFL-CIO; <a href="http://www.catalist.us/management.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">member of board of managers</a> of Catalist; former associate director of Citizen Action; married to Carol Browner (ABOVE)

JONATHAN POISNER: Board member at League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.olcv.org/about/staff" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">executive director</a> of Oregon League of Conservation Voters

ZACH POLETT: <a href="http://www.acorn.org/contactus/national.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">National political director</a> of ACORN; former executive director of Project Vote; board member of America Votes

JARED POLIS: <a href="http://www.progressnowaction.org/about/23/jared-polis" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Progress Now Action; <a href="http://www.polisforcongress.com/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">currently running</a> for the U.S. House of Representatives

LANA POLLACK: Board member at League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.mecprotects.org/staff.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of Michigan Environmental Council

CARL POPE: <a href="http://www.sierraclub.org/pressroom/leaders/#director" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of Sierra Club; former executive director of California League of Conservation Voters; board member of America Votes; adviser to Progress Now

<a href="http://www.independentstrategies.com/page.php?id=94510" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">GEORGE RAKIS</a>: Former director of Patriot Majority and American Public Policy Committee; former political director of the Democratic Governors Association; former regional political director for the Democratic National Committee; led planning process for <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93050203" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">America Votes</a>; coordinated campaign director for Michigan Democratic Party during 2000 elections

DOUGLAS RAMSEY: <a href="http://www.citizensunited.org/about/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Secretary-treasurer</a> of Citizens United

DEBORAH RAPPAPORT: Founder and CEO of <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/www.skylinepublicworks.com" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Skyline Public Works</a>; founder and president of <a href="http://www.newprogressivecoalition.com/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">New Progressive Coalition</a>; board member of People for the American Way; board member of Progress Now; board member of Rock the Vote

MICHAEL REAGAN: <a href="http://www.presidentialcoalition.com/about.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Founder</a> of the Presidential Coalition; chair of the Policy Issues Institute; <a href="http://www.reaganlegacyfoundation.org/bod.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">chair</a> of the Reagan Legacy Foundation; adopted son of Ronald Reagan

KATHY REDMOND: Communications director for <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91383135" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Coloradans for Economic Growth;</a> <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/www.ncava.org/founder.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder</a> of National Coalition Against Violent Athletes

<a href="http://www.sandlerreiff.com/attorneys.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">NEIL REIFF:</a> Deputy general counsel to DNC; lawyer copied on Campaign to Defend America's FEC filings

MAGGIE RHEINSTEIN: <a href="http://www.wvwv.org/about/board-and-bios" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Treasurer</a> of Women's Voices. Women Vote Action Fund; board member of Women's Voices. Women Vote

THOMAS L. "DUSTY" RHODES: <a href="http://www.clubforgrowth.org/about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Chairman</a> of Club for Growth; <a href="http://www.nationalreview.com/masthead/masthead-dusty.shtml" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">chair</a> of National Review

MIKE RICE: Former board member of Patriot Majority, Pioneer Majority, Patriot Majority Midwest and Citizens for Progress; former research director for the California Democratic Party and gubernatorial candidate Kathleen Brown in 1994

HOWARD RICH: Chair of Americans for Limited Government; chair of U.S. Term Limits; board member of Cato Institute; board member of Club for Growth

CECILE RICHARDS: <a href="http://www.ppaction.org/ppvotes/cr_bio.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of Planned Parenthood Action Fund; former deputy chief of staff to Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi; current board member and former president of America Votes; daughter of former Texas Democratic Gov. Ann Richards

BILL ROBERTS: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/lcvs-board-chair/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Chair</a> of League of Conservation Voters; board member of Progress Now; executive director of Beldon Fund; former strategic communications director and legislative director for Environmental Defense Fund

RON ROBINSON: <a href="http://www.yaf.org/staff/ron_robinson.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of Young America's Foundation; board member of Citizens United; board member of the American Conservative Union

CHUCK ROCHA: <a href="http://www.workingforuspac.org/index.php/twfu/pages/about" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of They Work For Us; national political director for United Steelworkers; national labor director for former Sen. Richard Gephardt's 2004 presidential campaign

<a href="http://www.nylcv.org/board/larry_rockefeller" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">LARRY ROCKEFELLER:</a> Board member at League of Conservation Voters; president of American Conservation Association

ROY ROMER: <a href="http://roysblog.edin08.com/biography.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Chairman</a> of Strong American Schools; <a href="http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/romer/govbio.htm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">former Democratic governor</a> of Colorado; former chair of the Democratic National Committee; former national vice chair of the Democratic Leadership Council; national co-chair of the 1996 Clinton-Gore campaign; former chair of the Democratic Governors Association; former superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District

THEODORE ROOSEVELT IV: Board member at League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.pewclimate.org/boardbios/roosevelt" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">chair</a> of Pew Center for Global Climate Change; member of Governing Council of the Wilderness Society; member of Council on Foreign Relations.

ROSA ROSALES: <a href="http://www.lulac.org/about/president.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">National president</a> of League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC); former office director at SEIU

SIMON ROSENBERG: <a href="http://www.ndn.org/about/team/simonrosenberg-bio.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President/founder</a> of NDN (formerly New Democrat Network); board member of America Votes; member of the 1992 Clinton campaign "war room"; worked at the Democratic Naitonal Committee and Democratic Leadership Council

<a href="http://www.organizinginc.com/team.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">STEVE ROSENTHAL</a>: Founder and board member of They Work For Us and Working For Us PAC; founder and former CEO of American Coming Together; former political director of the AFL-CIO; former Associate Deputy Secretary of Labor under President Clinton; former deputy political director for the Democratic National Committee

<a href="http://www.mrss.com/leadership_team.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">DONALD K. ROSS:</a> Chair of board at Greenpeace US; board member of League of Conservation Voters; worked with Ralph Nader to organize Public Interest Research Groups; former director of New York PIRG

ANDREW ROTH: <a href="http://socialsecuritychoice.org/bio-roth.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Director of Government Affairs</a> of Club for Growth

<a href="http://www.organizinginc.com/team.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">MELISSA ROY</a>: Executive director of They Work For Us; former deputy political director of America Coming Together; former director of outreach for Sen. Hillary Clinton's political action committee; former staffer at Democratic Governors Association

ADAM ROZANSKY: <a href="http://www.clubforgrowth.org/about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Director</a> of operations of Club for Growth

<a href="http://www.citizensunion.org/programs_reports/Participant_BIOS_ssrev.doc" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">JEFF RUSNAK:</a> Board member of Progress Now; co-founder of the now-defunct Reform Ohio Now; board member of National Jewish Democratic Council; advisor to the presidential campaigns of Michael Dukakis, General Wesley Clark, former Senator Bob Kerrey, and Rev. Jesse Jackson

JOE SANDLER: <a href="http://www.sandlerreiff.com/attorneys/joseph_e_sandler.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">General counsel</a> to the Democratic National Committee; former counsel to MoveOn; incorporator of Campaign to Defend America

ERIKA SATHER: <a href="http://www.clubforgrowth.org/about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Director of development at Club for Growth</a>

LARRY SCANLON: <a href="http://www.afscme.org/press/9238.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Political director</a> of American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME); board member of America Votes

RODGER SCHLICKEISEN: <a href="http://www.defenders.org/about_us/staff/rodger_schlickeisen.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President/CEO</a> of Defenders of Wildlife; vice chair of League of Conservation Voters; board member of America Votes; former chief of staff to Sen. Max Baucus (D-MT)

NICOLE SCHLINGER President of American Future Fund; former finance director of the Iowa Republican Party; Iowa straw poll director for Republican Mitt Romney's presidential campaign; president of Capitol Resources, a fundraising firm for Republican candidates

ERIC SCHMELTZER: Communications director for Vote Vets; worked on Howard Dean's 2004 presidential campaign

GAIL SCHOETTLER: <a href="http://www.progressnowaction.org/about/25/gail-schoettler" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Progress Now Action; former Lieutenant Governor of Colorado; board member of Colorado Conservation Trust; former Clinton-appointed U.S. ambassador

BRENT SEABORN: Consultant for Coloradans for Economic Growth; <a href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/12/giuliani_campaign_memo.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">strategy director</a> for Rudy Giuliani's 2008 presidential campaign; worked on President Bush's 2004 campaign; worked for National Republican Senatorial Committee

MARK SEAVEY: <a href="http://www.vetsforfreedom.org/about/founders.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Co-founder</a> of Vets for Freedom; assistant director of the National Legislative Commission of the American Legion

MEL SEMBLER: Director of Freedom's Watch; longtime GOP donor; <a href="http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/7043.htm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">former ambassador to Italy</a> under President George W. Bush and President George H.W. Bush; former finance chairman for the Republican National Committee; former finance co-chair of President George H.W. Bush's inauguration; former honorary chair of Republican Jewish Coalition; founder of controversial drug treatment centers

ALLISON SHAY: Board member of the Employee Freedom Action Committee; former lobbyist for the National Restaurant Association

KARIN SHELDON: Board member of Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund; <a href="http://www.westernresourceadvocates.org/about/staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">executive director</a> of Western Resource Advocates; former president of the Wilderness Society; member of Clinton Administration transition team for Dept. of the Interior

PEGGY SHEPARD: <a href="http://www.weact.org/Home/Contact/PeggyMShepard/tabid/227/Default.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of WE ACT for Environmental Justice; board member of League of Conservation Voters; board member of Environmental Defense

KAREN SHEPHERD: Board member of Planned Parenthood; <a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000332" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">former member</a> of Congress (D-UT)

TERRI SHUCK: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/staff/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Senior VP for Development</a> for League of Conservation Voters; formerly worked with Campaign for America's Future and ACORN

<a href="http://www.aspeninstitute.org/site/c.huLWJeMRKpH/b.612935/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">SHAMINA SINGH:</a> Board member of Planned Parenthood; worked with America Votes; former senior advisor to Speaker Nancy Pelosi; served in Dept. of Labor under President Clinton; former lobbyist for SEIU

SUSAN SMARTT: Board member at League of Conservation Voters; executive director of California League of Conservation Voters

JOE SOLMONESE: <a href="http://www.hrc.org/about_us/solmonese.asp" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of Human Rights Campaign; board member of America Votes; former CEO of EMILY's List

NACHAMA SOLOVEICHIK: <a href="http://www.clubforgrowth.org/about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Communications director of Club for Growth</a>

JON SOLTZ: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MM9At8Gl1AU" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Co-founder and chairman of Vote Vets;</a> volunteered for John Kerry's 2004 presidential campaign

GREG SPEED: <a href="http://www.americavotes.org/site/content/leadership/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of America Votes; adviser to Progress Now; former communications director at the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee

JACKSON T. STEPHENS: <a href="http://clubforgrowth.org/about-staff.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Club for Growth; major Republican donor; founder of Arkansas Policy Foundation

ANDY STERN: <a href="http://www.seiu.org/about/officers_bios/stern_bio.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of SEIU; founder of Change to Win; president of Five Stones; co-leader of Divided We Fail; board member of Wal-mart Watch, Rock the Vote, Qvisory and Economic Policy Institute

JOHN STOCKS: Deputy executive director of the National Education Association union; former director of Fund for America; adviser to Progress Now

TODD STOTTLEMYER: Co-leader of Divided We Fail; <a href="http://www.nfib.com/object/todd_stottlemyer.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president and CEO</a> of National Federation of Independent Business

ROB STUTZMAN: Strategy and media consultant to Coalition for a Democratic Workplace; former deputy chief of staff of communications to California Gov. Arnorld Schwarzenegger; member of a political consulting firm called <a href="http://www.navigatorsllc.com/RobStutzman/29/default.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Navigators</a>

JOHN J. SWEENEY: <a href="http://www.aflcio.org/aboutus/thisistheaflcio/leaders/officers.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of the AFL-CIO; former president of SEIU; chair of Solidarity Center

GREG TARPINIAN: <a href="http://www.changetowin.org/about-us/leadership-and-affiliated-unions/greg-tarpinian.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of Change to Win; board member of America Votes

RYAN TEAGUE: Counsel at Freedom's Watch <a href="http://www.wilmerhale.com/edward_tobin/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">ED TOBIN</a>: Advisor to American Future Fund; former executive director of Republican Governors Association

PATRICK J. TOOMEY: <a href="http://www.clubforgrowth.org/toomey.php" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of Club for Growth; former Republican congressman from Pennsylvania

GLORIA TOTTEN: President of Progressive Majority; board member of America Votes; former political director of NARAL; <a href="http://www.ballot.org/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B19065F2D-3D49-4D5C-A30E-138190575335%7D&DE=%7B690B98FB-9E94-46A8-B59D-AEBF46F3F62B%7D%3Eboard%20member%3C/a%3E%20of%20Ballot%20Initiative%20Strategy%20Center%20%20%3CP%3E%3Cstrong%3ETED%20TRIMPA:%3C/strong%3E%20%3Ca%20href=" http="" www.progressnowaction.org="" about="" ted-trimpa="ted-trimpa" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Board member</a> of Progress Now Action; member of national board of governors for Human Rights Campaign; board member of Equal Rights Colorado; <a href="http://www.gpac.org/about/staff.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">board member</a> of Gender Public Advocacy Coalition

RICHARD L. TRUMKA: <a href="http://www.aflcio.org/aboutus/thisistheaflcio/leaders/officers.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Secretary-Treasurer</a> of AFL-CIO; former president of United Mine Workers of America; board member of Economic Policy Institute; secretary-treasurer of Solidarity Center

LYNDE B. UIHLEIN: Board member at League of Conservation Voters; <a href="http://www.bricofund.org/history.htm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder</a> of Lynde B. Uihlein Foundation

<a href="http://www.vcrhouston.com/staff.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">JAN VAN LOHUIZEN</a>: Pollster and advisor to American Future Fund; pollster for President Bush, the Republican National Committee and Mitt Romney's presidential campaign

DENNIS VAN ROEKEL: <a href="http://www.nea.org/newsreleases/2008/nr080706a.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President-elect</a> and <a href="http://www.nea.org/presscenter/neabios.html#dennis" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">current vice president</a> of the National Education Association

<a href="http://independentstrategies.com/page.php?id=94510" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">CRAIG VAROGA</a>: Runs Patriot Majority and its affiliates (Patriot Majority West, Patriot Majority Midwest, Patriot Majority New Mexico and Patriot Majority for a Strong America); president of Alliance for North Carolina and American Alliance for Energy Independence; director of American Public Policy Committee, American Affordable Healthcare, and Bluegrass Freedom Fund; board member of Midwest Alliance for Better Government; managed former Iowa Gov. Tom Vilsack's presidential campaign; national field director for Gen. Wesley Clark's presidential campaign; worked on 1996 Clinton-Gore re-election campaign; former communications director to Sen. Harry Reid (D-NV)

JUAN MARCOS VILAR: SEIU's presidential campaign state director for Virginia and special assistant to SEIU Secretary-Treasurer Anna Burger; board member of America Votes; former board member of Catalist; former board member of USAction.

REGINALD WEAVER: <a href="http://www.nea.org/presscenter/neabios.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">President</a> of National Education Association; board member of America Votes

WILLIAM WEIDNER: Chair of Freedom's Watch; <a href="http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=185629&p=irol-govBio&ID=128706" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">president</a> of Las Vegas Sands Corp.

KIRBY WILBUR: Board member of <href http="http" www.citizensunited.org="" about="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Citizens United, Young America's Foundation, American Conservative Union and Second Amendment Foundation; delegate to three National Republican Conventions; radio talk show <a href="http://www.kvi.com/onair/kirby/otherinfo/4798826.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">host</a></href>

KRISTINA WILFORE: <a href="http://www.ballot.org/index.asp?Type=B_DIR&SEC=%7BF3E1F9CD-E021-4103-8258-180C7FD1AA7F%7D&DE=%7B4B311291-3444-4C64-8C55-D1331C758500%7D" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive director</a> of the Ballot Initiative Strategy Center; board member of America Votes

<a href="http://laborpains.org/?page_id=2" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">J. JUSTIN WILSON</a>: Managing director and secretary-treasurer of the Employee Freedom Action Committee; managing director of the Center for Union Facts

MAGGIE WILLIAMS: Former campaign manager for Sen. Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign; former member of Women's Voices. Women Vote leadership team; <a href="http://www.cityyear.org/dynamic_ektid6433.aspx" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">trustee</a> of City Year; former chief of staff to First Lady Hillary Clinton

BILLY WIMSATT: Board member of America Votes; <a href="http://campusprogress.org/events/2766/billy-wimsatt" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">former executive director and founder of League of Young Voters</a>

BRAD WOODHOUSE: Communications director for Democratic National Committee; President on-leave for <a href="http://americansunitedforchange.org/about/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Americans United for Change;</a> former spokesman for DSCC; board member of America Votes

TOM WOODRUFF: <a href="http://www.seiu.org/about/officers_bios/woodruff_bio.cfm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Executive vice president</a> of SEIU; chief architect of Change to Win labor coalition

<a href="http://www.vetsforfreedom.org/patriots/default.aspx?id=13" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">JOE DAN WORLEY:</a> Co-founder of Vets for Freedom

BRIAN WORTH: Head of Coalition for a Democratic Workplace; VP of government affairs for Independent Electrical Contractors

ED YOON: <a href="http://www.defendersactionfund.org/releases/022108.html" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">New Mexico campaign manager</a> for Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund; manager of Defenders of Wildlife Action Fund's successful campaign to defeat Rep. Richard Pombo (CA-R) in 2006; former national outreach director at American Democracy Institute

JON YOUNGDAHL: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YP5J_EgQNjk" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">National political director of SEIU</a>; <a href="http://www.progressivemajority.org/board/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">board member</a> of Progressive Majority; advisor to Progress Now

JUDITH ZAMORE: Custodian of records for Majority Action; former campaign treasurer for Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH)

<a href="http://www.biz.colostate.edu/college/glc/JZimlich.htm" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">JOE ZIMLICH:</a> Board member of Progress Now

WADE ZIRKLE: <http www.vetsforfreedom.org="" about="" founders.aspx="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Co-founder of Vets for Freedom; member of McCain's 2008 Virginia leadership team</http>

ED ZUCKERMAN: <a href="http://www.lcv.org/about-lcv/staff/" style=" box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Senior VP for State Capacity Building</a> at League of Conservation Voters

DAVID ZWICK: Treasurer of America Votes; <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/www.cleanwateraction.org/pdf/dzwick.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder and former president</a> of Clean Water Action;<a href="http://www.iop.harvard.edu/Programs/Fellows-Study-Groups/Spring-2008-Study-Groups/Politics-of-the-Enviroment" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; user-select: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">founder</a> of Citizens Campaigns, Inc.

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