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=https://yyy.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/21/usa.venezuelano lnx gukVenezuela coup linked to Bush teamSpecialists in the 'dirty wars' of the Eighties encouraged the plotters who tried to topple President Chavez 
Observer WorldviewEd Vulliamy in New York
Sun 21 Apr 2002 09.30 EDT First published on Sun 21 Apr 2002 09.30 EDTThe failed coup in Venezuela was closely tied to senior officials in the US government, The Observer has established. They have long histories in the 'dirty wars' of the 1980s, and links to death squads working in Central America at that time.Washington's involvement in the turbulent events that briefly removed left-wing leader Hugo Chavez from power last weekend resurrects fears about US ambitions in the hemisphere.It also also deepens doubts about policy in the region being made by appointees to the Bush administration, all of whom owe their careers to serving in the dirty wars under President Reagan.One of them, Elliot Abrams, who gave a nod to the attempted Venezuelan coup, has a conviction for misleading Congress over the infamous Iran-Contra affair.The Bush administration has tried to distance itself from the coup. It immediately endorsed the new government under businessman Pedro Carmona. But the coup was sent dramatically into reverse after 48 hours.Now officials at the Organisation of American States and other diplomatic sources, talking to The Observer, assert that the US administration was not only aware the coup was about to take place, but had sanctioned it, presuming it to be destined for success.The visits by Venezuelans plotting a coup, including Carmona himself, began, say sources, 'several months ago', and continued until weeks before the putsch last weekend. The visitors were received at the White House by the man President George Bush tasked to be his key policy-maker for Latin America, Otto Reich.Reich is a right-wing Cuban-American who, under Reagan, ran the Office for Public Diplomacy. It reported in theory to the State Department, but Reich was shown by congressional investigations to report directly to Reagan's National Security Aide, Colonel Oliver North, in the White House.North was convicted and shamed for his role in Iran-Contra, whereby arms bought by busting US sanctions on Iran were sold to the Contra guerrillas and death squads, in revolt against the Marxist government in Nicaragua.Reich also has close ties to Venezuela, having been made ambassador to Caracas in 1986. His appointment was contested both by Democrats in Washington and political leaders in the Latin American country. The objections were overridden as Venezuela sought access to the US oil market.Reich is said by OAS sources to have had 'a number of meetings with Carmona and other leaders of the coup' over several months. The coup was discussed in some detail, right down to its timing and chances of success, which were deemed to be excellent.On the day Carmona claimed power, Reich summoned ambassadors from Latin America and the Caribbean to his office. He said the removal of Chavez was not a rupture of democra tic rule, as he had resigned and was 'responsible for his fate'. He said the US would support the Carmona government.But the crucial figure around the coup was Abrams, who operates in the White House as senior director of the National Security Council for 'democracy, human rights and international operations'. He was a leading theoretician of the school known as 'Hemispherism', which put a priority on combating Marxism in the Americas.It led to the coup in Chile in 1973, and the sponsorship of regimes and death squads that followed it in Argentina, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and elsewhere. During the Contras' rampage in Nicaragua, he worked directly to North.Congressional investigations found Abrams had harvested illegal funding for the rebellion. Convicted for withholding information from the inquiry, he was pardoned by George Bush senior.[ cheney blocked invest by congress that shd have put him in jail?!]A third member of the Latin American triangle in US policy-making is John Negroponte, now ambassador to the United Nations. He was Reagan's ambassador to Honduras from 1981 to 1985 when a US-trained death squad, Battalion 3-16, tortured and murdered scores of activists. A diplomatic source said Negroponte had been 'informed that there might be some movement in Venezuela on Chavez' at the beginning of the year.More than 100 people died in events before and after the coup. In Caracas on Friday a military judge confined five high-ranking officers to indefinite house arrest pending formal charges of rebellion.Chavez's chief ideologue - Guillermo Garcia Ponce, director of the Revolutionary Political Command - said dissident generals, local media and anti-Chavez groups in the US had plotted the president's removal.'The most reactionary sectors in the United States were also implicated in the conspiracy,' he said.<div>=</div>==

srcwatch

John Dimitri Negroponte is Deputy Secretary of State, second in command to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Condoleezza Rice</a> in the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">U.S. Department of State</a>, since February 13, 2007. He was formerly Director of U.S. intelligence.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D.Negroponte#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> Retired Admiral <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mike_McConnell" title="Mike McConnell" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Mike McConnell</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Security Agency</a> director from 1992 to 1996, was sworn in February 13, 2007 to replace Negroponte as Director of U.S. intelligence. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>

Negroponte fills "a pivotal foreign policy position that has been vacant since <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_B.Zoellick" title="Robert B. Zoellick" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Robert B. Zoellick</a> resigned to take a post at <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Goldman Sachs</a>," Mark Mazzetti of the New York Post <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/04/washington/04secretary.html?r=1&oref=slogin" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">wrote</a>.

He is married to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Diana_Villiers_Negroponte" title="Diana Villiers Negroponte" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Diana Villiers Negroponte</a>.

<h2 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; background: none;">Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </div>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#First_National_Intelligence_Director" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1 First National Intelligence Director</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#Negroponte_at_the_United_Nations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2 Negroponte at the United Nations</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D.Negroponte#John_D.Negroponte.27s_track_record_in_Central_America" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3 John D. Negroponte's track record in Central America</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#Negroponte_in_Baghdad" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4 Negroponte in Baghdad</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#Profiles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5 Profiles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#Affiliations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6 Affiliations</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#Related_SourceWatch_resources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">7 Related SourceWatch resources</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">8 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">9 External links</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#Primary_source_documents" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">9.1 Primary source documents</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D.Negroponte#Articles.26_Commentary" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">9.2 Articles & Commentary</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;">First National Intelligence Director</h2>

Negroponte was <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,1280,-4807527,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">nominated</a> February 17, 2005, by President <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">George W. Bush</a> "to be America's first national intelligence director."

"Bush said that Negroponte understands global intelligence needs because he's had a long career in the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Foreign_service" title="Foreign service" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">foreign service</a>. Bush also said that Negroponte will make decisions on the budgets for the various intelligence agencies. ... 'John will make sure that those whose duty it is to defend America have the information we need to make the right decisions,' the president said."

Although Negroponte's office will be "outside of the West Wing," Bush said that Negroponte "'will have access on a daily basis in that he'll be my primary briefer'. ... Negroponte said he plans to 'reform of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Intelligence_community" title="Intelligence community" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">intelligence community</a> in ways designed to best meet the intelligence needs of the 21st century.'" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&cid=514&e=3&u=/ap/20050217/ap_on_go_pr_wh/bush_intelligence_chief" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[1]</a>

(See <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Office of the Director of National Intelligence" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Office of the Director of National Intelligence</a> for more details on the role of the agency.)

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;">Negroponte at the United Nations</h2>

Since September 2001, Negroponte served as the United States Representative to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/United_Nations" title="United Nations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United Nations</a>. On April 19, 2004, President George W. Bush <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/WO0404/S00200.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">nominated</a> Negroponte to become U.S. Ambassador to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Iraq" title="Iraq" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Iraq</a> following the projected June 30, 2004, handover of sovereignty to as yet undetermined Iraqi authorities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/93-04192004-285252.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/04/13/iraq/main611673.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[3]</a>

When, in early 2001, Negroponte was nominated by Bush to be appointed as United States Representative to the United Nations, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Human_rights" title="Human rights" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">human rights</a> groups opposed, and a concerned Senate questioned, his nomination, causing a six-month delay in his ulimate appointment, which was acceeded to after <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/September_11,_2001" title="September 11, 2001" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">September 11, 2001</a>.

Despite his complicity in supporting <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Nicaraguan</a> death squads during the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Iran-Contra_affair" title="Iran-Contra affair" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Iran-Contra affair</a> and his support of the brutal military dictatorship of General Gustavo Alvarez Martínez in <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Honduras" title="Honduras" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Honduras</a>, Negroponte's Senate confirmation as U.S. Ambassador to Iraq went smoothly.

The Senate <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://congress.org/congressorg/home/congressorg/issues/votes/?votenum=85&chamber=S&congress=1082" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">confirmed</a> the nomination by a vote of 95-3 on May 6. He was sworn in on June 23. Negroponte will head a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=U.S._embassy_in_Baghdad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. embassy in Baghdad (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">U.S. embassy in Baghdad</a> that will be temporarily housed in a palace that belonged to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Saddam Hussein</a>. When up and running, the embassy will be the largest in the world, with a diplomatic staff of over 3,000 personnel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A48082-2004Jan1?language=printer" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[4]</a>

Shortly after taking up the position, Negroponte was asked about eyewitness statements that in late June Iraq's interim prime minister, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ayad_Allawi" title="Ayad Allawi" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ayad Allawi</a> had personally executed up to six suspected 'insurgents' in front of his U.S. military bodyguards. (Allawi denies the accusation). In an email to the Sydney Morning Herald, Negroponte did not attempt to deny the story. "If we attempted to refute each [rumour], we would have no time for other business. As far as this embassy's press office is concerned, this case is closed," he wrote. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.smh.com.au/text/articles/2004/07/16/1089694568757.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[5]</a>

In November 2002, it was Negroponte that was U.S. point man steering a compromise resolution through the United Nations Security Council stepping up the pressure on Iraq. "As we have said on numerous occasions to Council members, this Resolution contains no 'hidden triggers' and no 'automaticity' with respect to the use of force. If there is a further Iraqi breach, reported to the Council by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/UNMOVIC" title="UNMOVIC" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">UNMOVIC</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">IAEA</a>, or a member state, the matter will return to the Council for discussions as required in paragraph 12. The Resolution makes clear that any Iraqi failure to comply is unacceptable and that Iraq must be disarmed. And one way or another, Mr. President, Iraq will be disarmed," he told the Security Council.

He also delivered a warning to other less hawkish members of the Security Council too. "If the Security Council fails to act decisively in the event of a further Iraqi violation, this resolution does not constrain any member state from acting to defend itself against the threat posed by Iraq, or to enforce relevant UN resolutions and protect world peace and security, he said. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/02110807.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[6]</a>

Negroponte faced contention over U.S. intentions during the U.N. debate leading up to the war in Iraq. In March 2003, Negroponte "walked out ... after Iraq's ambassador accused the United States of trying to exterminate the Iraqi people. ... Iraq's U.N. envoy <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mohammed_Al-Douri" title="Mohammed Al-Douri" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Mohammed Al-Douri</a> charged that the United States had arranged for contracts to rebuild Iraq in 1997, six years before the U.S.-led war began [on March 19, 2003, and] had even planned the carving up of Iraq before Iraq invaded <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kuwait" title="Kuwait" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Kuwait</a> in 1990." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://asia.news.yahoo.com/030327/ap/d7q1l9no2.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[7]</a> See <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/War_profiteering" title="War profiteering" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">war profiteering</a> for current information.

Once again, the matter of humanitarian aid was at issue. Al-Douri, described as nearly "spluttering", said that the "United States now was using the issue of humanitarian aid to hide its 'criminal aggression.' ... The Iraqi envoy urged the Security Council to halt the war in Iraq, saying ending the conflict was even more important than getting humanitarian assistance into the region." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://asia.news.yahoo.com/030327/ap/d7q1l9no2.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[8]</a>

"'Britain and the United States are about to start a real war of extermination that will kill everything and destroy everything,' Al-Douri warned. 'And then their regret will be of no use. ... If the humanitarian issue is very important, it is more important' to halt the war, he said." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://asia.news.yahoo.com/030327/ap/d7q1l9no2.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[9]</a>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D.Negroponte%27s_track_record_in_Central_America" title="John D. Negroponte's track record in Central America" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">John D. Negroponte's track record in Central America</a></h2>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;">Negroponte in Baghdad</h2>

Shortly after taking up the position, the Sydney Morning Herald reported that two eyewitnesses had stated that in late June Iraq's interim prime minister, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ayad_Allawi" title="Ayad Allawi" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ayad Allawi</a> had personally executed up to six suspected 'insurgents' in front of four of his U.S. military bodyguards. Allawi's office denied the witness accounts stating that Allawi had never visited the centre and he did not carry a gun.

In an email to the Sydney Morning Herald, Negroponte did not attempt to deny the story. "If we attempted to refute each [rumour], we would have no time for other business. As far as this embassy's press office is concerned, this case is closed," he wrote. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.smh.com.au/text/articles/2004/07/16/1089694568757.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[10]</a>

Sydney Morning Herald columnist, Alan Ramsey, wrote of Negroponte's side-stepping. "Of course. One only has to consider Negroponte's record as US ambassador in Honduras to know he is a loyal servant of Republican Washington who sees and knows nothing ... This same man, with an embassy regime of more than 1000 American 'foreign service officers', plus American advisers 'salted throughout Iraqi ministries' as well as 140,000 US military personnel, now has absolute covert power in Iraq. Of course 'the case is closed', he wrote. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/07/20/1090089156917.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[11]</a>

Negroponte was born in London in 1939, the son of a Greek-American shipping magnate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/republicanrule/officials_body.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[12]</a>

A graduate of Yale University, he was a career diplomat between 1960 and 1997 serving in eight countries in Asia, Europe and Latin America as well as positions in the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Department_of_State" title="Department of State" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Department of State</a> and the White House.

According to Foreign Policy in Focus, from 1971 to 1973, Negroponte was the officer-in-charge for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Vietnam" title="Vietnam" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Vietnam</a> at the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/National_Security_Council" title="National Security Council" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Security Council</a> (NSC) under <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Henry Kissinger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/republicanrule/officials_body.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[13]</a> While in Vietnam, Negroponte and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_Charles_Albert_Holbrooke" title="Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Richard Holbrooke</a> shared a room.

Among his more <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/usa/negroponte_bio.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">recent assignments</a> Negroponte was:

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ambassador to Honduras (1981-85);</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (1985-87);</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (1987-89);</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ambassador to Mexico (1989-93); and</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ambassador to the Philippines (1993-96).</li>

</ul>

From 1997 to 2001 Negroponte worked as Executive Vice President for Global Markets of The McGraw-Hill Companies.

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Negroponte is a member of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Council on Foreign Relations</a> and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Academy_of_Diplomacy" title="American Academy of Diplomacy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">American Academy of Diplomacy</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.un.int/usa/negroponte_bio.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[14]</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Former Chair, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/French-American_Foundation" title="French-American Foundation" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">French-American Foundation</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;">Related SourceWatch resources</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Iran_Contra:_Rehabilitation" title="Iran Contra: Rehabilitation" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Iran Contra: Rehabilitation</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Iran-Contra_scandal" title="Iran-Contra scandal" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Iran-Contra scandal</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Iraqi_Governing_Council" title="Iraqi Governing Council" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Iraqi Governing Council</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Iraqi_sovereignty:June_30,2004" title="Iraqi sovereignty: June 30, 2004" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Iraqi sovereignty: June 30, 2004</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_C._Danforth" title="John C. Danforth" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">John C. Danforth</a></li>

</ul>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/80476.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Biography: John D. Negroponte</a>, U.S. Department of State, accessed April 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dni.gov/aboutODNI/bios/mcconnell_bio.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">John M. (Mike) McConnell</a>, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, accessed April 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D._Negroponte#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frenchamerican.org/cgi-bin/boardmembers.cgi" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Board Members</a>, French-American Foundation, accessed January 22, 2008.</li>

</ol>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;">External links</h2>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">Primary source documents</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Peter Kornbluh (ed.), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/_{nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB151/index.htm}" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">The Negroponte File: Negroponte's Chron File From Tenure in Honduras</a>", National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 151 - Part 1, April 12 , 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Peter Kornbluh (ed.), "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/_{nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB151/index2.htm}" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">The Negroponte File: Additional Papers Posted on "Special Project</a>", National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 151 - Part 2, Updated - April 12, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Steve Horn and Allen Ruff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truth-out.org/how-private-warmongers-and-us-military-infiltrated-american-universities/1321396333" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">How Private Warmongers and the US Military Infiltrated American Universities</a>, Truthout, 28 November 2011.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Scott Horton interviews Steve Horn and Allen Ruff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiwar.com/radio/2011/11/29/steve-horn-and-allen-ruff/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Training the Next Generation of Imperialists</a>, Antiwar.com, 29 November 2011.</li>

</ul>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_D.Negroponte/Articles_%26_Commentary" title="John D. Negroponte/Articles & Commentary" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Articles & Commentary</a></h3>

NOTE: The section of this article on Negroponte's role in Honduras reproduces part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Negroponte" class="extiw" title="w:John Negroponte" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Wikipedia profile of Negroponte</a>.

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