Council of For Relations CFR

opps, see other node too

i had dismised as irrelevant, dinosaurs, warmongers, tho hub (evenyone is in it?)but levy says up tax on oil! (also export more LNG? boost US green energy for comp advantage?)===

Council on Foreign Relations

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Some of the participants at that meeting, apart from Edward House, were <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Warburg" title="Paul Warburg">Paul Warburg</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Temperley" title="Harold Temperley">Harold Temperley</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Curtis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionel Curtis">Lionel Curtis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustace_Percy,1st_Baron_Percy_of_Newcastle" title="Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle">Lord Eustace Percy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Christian Herter</a>, and American academic historians <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_T.Shotwell" title="James T. Shotwell">James Thomson Shotwell</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Cary_Coolidge" title="Archibald Cary Coolidge">Archibald Cary Coolidge</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Seymour" title="Charles Seymour">Charles Seymour</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a>.

...

<h2>Influence on foreign policy</h2>

Beginning in 1939 and lasting for five years, the Council achieved much greater prominence within the government and the State Department when it established the strictly confidential <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_and_Peace_Studies" title="War and Peace Studies">War and Peace Studies</a>, funded entirely by the Rockefeller Foundation.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-WarandPeace-14">[15]</a> The secrecy surrounding this group was such that the Council members (total at the time: 663) who were not involved in its deliberations were completely unaware of the study group's existence.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-WarandPeace-14">[15]</a>

It was divided into four functional topic groups: economic and financial, security and armaments, territorial, and political. The security and armaments group was headed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Welsh_Dulles" title="Allen Welsh Dulles">Allen Welsh Dulles</a> who later became a pivotal figure in the CIA's predecessor, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">OSS</a>. It ultimately produced 682 memoranda for the State Department, marked classified and circulated among the appropriate government departments. As a historical judgment, its overall influence on actual government planning at the time is still said to remain unclear.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-WarandPeace-14">[15]</a>

In an anonymous piece called "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" that appeared in Foreign Affairs in 1947, CFR study group member <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Kennan" title="George Kennan">George Kennan</a> coined the term "containment." The essay would prove to be highly influential in US foreign policy for seven upcoming presidential administrations. 40 years later, Kennan explained that he had never meant to contain the Soviet Union because it might be able to physically attack the United States; he thought that was obvious enough that he didn't need to explain it in his essay. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bundy" title="William Bundy">William Bundy</a> credited the CFR's study groups with helping to lay the framework of thinking that led to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. Due to new interest in the group, membership grew towards 1,000.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-cfrforeignpolicy-15">[16]</a>

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> chaired a CFR study group while he served as President of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. One member later said, "whatever General Eisenhower knows about economics, he has learned at the study group meetings."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-cfrforeignpolicy-15">[16]</a> The CFR study group devised an expanded study group called "Americans for Eisenhower" to increase his chances for the presidency. Eisenhower would later draw many Cabinet members from CFR ranks and become a CFR member himself. His primary CFR appointment was Secretary of State <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a>. Dulles gave a public address at the Harold Pratt House in which he announced a new direction for Eisenhower's foreign policy: "There is no local defense which alone will contain the mighty land power of the communist world. Local defenses must be reinforced by the further deterrent of massive retaliatory power." After this speech, the council convened a session on "Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy" and chose <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> to head it. Kissinger spent the following academic year working on the project at Council headquarters. The book of the same name that he published from his research in 1957 gave him national recognition, topping the national bestseller lists.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-cfrforeignpolicy-15">[16]</a>

On 24 November 1953, a study group heard a report from political scientist William Henderson regarding the ongoing conflict between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and Vietnamese Communist leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a> forces, a struggle that would later become known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a>. Henderson argued that Ho's cause was primarily <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> in nature and that Marxism had "little to do with the current revolution." Further, the report said, the United States could work with Ho to guide his movement away from Communism. State Department officials, however, expressed skepticism about direct American intervention in Vietnam and the idea was tabled. Over the next twenty years, the United States would find itself allied with anti-Communist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> and against Ho and his supporters in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-cfrforeignpolicy-15">[16]</a>

The Council served as a "breeding ground" for important American policies such as mutual deterrence, arms control, and nuclear non-proliferation.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-cfrforeignpolicy-15">[16]</a>

A four-year long study of relations between America and China was conducted by the Council between 1964 and 1968. One study published in 1966 concluded that American citizens were more open to talks with China than their elected leaders. Kissinger had continued to publish in Foreign Affairs and was appointed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">President Nixon</a> to serve as National Security Adviser in 1969. In 1971, he embarked on a secret trip to Beijing to broach talks with Chinese leaders. Nixon went to China in 1972, and diplomatic relations were completely normalized by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">President Carter</a>'s Secretary of State, another Council member, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-cfrforeignpolicy-15">[16]</a>

In November 1979, while chairman of the CFR, David Rockefeller became embroiled in an international incident when he and Henry Kissinger, along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a> and Rockefeller aides, persuaded President Jimmy Carter through the State Department to admit the Shah of Iran, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a>, into the US for hospital treatment for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">lymphoma</a>. This action directly precipitated what is known as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a> and placed Rockefeller under intense media scrutiny (particularly from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>) for the first time in his public life.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-16">[17]</a>

....

<h3>Notable historical members</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Allison" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham Allison">Graham Allison</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Orville_Anderson" title="Robert Orville Anderson">Robert Orville Anderson</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">Les Aspin</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Bacon" title="Kenneth Bacon">Kenneth Bacon</a> (1944-2009), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> spokesman who later served as president of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_International" title="Refugees International">Refugees International</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-26">[27]</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Bowyer_Bell" title="J. Bowyer Bell">J. Bowyer Bell</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-telegraph-27">[28]</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Michael_Blumenthal" title="W. Michael Blumenthal">W. Michael Blumenthal</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amy_Bondurant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amy Bondurant (page does not exist)">Amy Bondurant</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Brown" title="Harold Brown">Harold Brown</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbigniew_Brzezinski" title="Zbigniew Brzezinski">Zbigniew Brzezinski</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_P._Bundy" class="mw-redirect" title="William P. Bundy">William P. Bundy</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_S._Cohen" class="mw-redirect" title="William S. Cohen">William S. Cohen</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Gerald_Corrigan" title="E. Gerald Corrigan">E. Gerald Corrigan</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Crowe" title="William J. Crowe">William J. Crowe</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_W._Dam" title="Kenneth W. Dam">Kenneth W. Dam</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Davis" title="Norman Davis">Norman Davis</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">C. Douglas Dillon</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_R._Donahue" title="Thomas R. Donahue">Thomas R. Donahue</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_W._Douglas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis W. Douglas">Lewis W. Douglas</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Drew" title="Elizabeth Drew">Elizabeth Drew</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Dulany" title="Peggy Dulany">Peggy Dulany</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Welsh_Dulles" title="Allen Welsh Dulles">Allen Welsh Dulles</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_H._Gelb" title="Leslie H. Gelb">Leslie H. Gelb</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gergen" title="David Gergen">David Gergen</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_V.Gerstner,Jr." title="Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.">Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joachim_Gfoeller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joachim Gfoeller (page does not exist)">Joachim Gfoeller</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_R._Greenberg" title="Maurice R. Greenberg">Maurice R. Greenberg</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najeeb_E._Halaby" class="mw-redirect" title="Najeeb E. Halaby">Najeeb E. Halaby</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Hauge" title="Gabriel Hauge">Gabriel Hauge</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_M._Hesburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore M. Hesburgh">Theodore M. Hesburgh</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_A._Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Carla A. Hills">Carla A. Hills</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Hoffmann" title="Stanley Hoffmann">Stanley Hoffmann</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Holbrooke" title="Richard Holbrooke">Richard Holbrooke</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_R._Houghton" title="James R. Houghton">James R. Houghton</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlayne_Hunter-Gault" title="Charlayne Hunter-Gault">Charlayne Hunter-Gault</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Ray_Inman" title="Bobby Ray Inman">Bobby Ray Inman</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Katzenbach" title="Nicholas Katzenbach">Nicholas Katzenbach</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane_Kirkland" title="Lane Kirkland">Lane Kirkland</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Jeane Kirkpatrick</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Lord" title="Winston Lord">Winston Lord</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Mathias,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Mathias, Jr.">Charles Mathias, Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._McDonough" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. McDonough">William J. McDonough</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_F._McHenry" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald F. McHenry">Donald F. McHenry</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_T._Moritz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger T. Moritz (page does not exist)">Roger T. Moritz</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_George_Peterson" title="Peter George Peterson">Peter George Peterson</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Polk" title="Frank Polk">Frank Polk</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot_L._Richardson" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliot L. Richardson">Elliot L. Richardson</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keith_A._Ridley,IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith A. Ridley,IV (page does not exist)">Keith A. Ridley,IV</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_M._Rivlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice M. Rivlin">Alice M. Rivlin</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Rockefeller" title="Jay Rockefeller">Jay Rockefeller</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Roosa" title="Robert Roosa">Robert Roosa</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Ruckelshaus" class="mw-redirect" title="William D. Ruckelshaus">William D. Ruckelshaus</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Scalapino" title="Robert A. Scalapino">Robert A. Scalapino</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Scowcroft" title="Brent Scowcroft">Brent Scowcroft</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_E._Shalala" class="mw-redirect" title="Donna E. Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_P._Shultz" title="George P. Shultz">George P. Shultz</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Sorensen" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Sorensen">Theodore Sorensen</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlai_E._Stevenson" class="mw-redirect" title="Adlai E. Stevenson">Adlai E. Stevenson</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strobe_Talbott" title="Strobe Talbott">Strobe Talbott</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Tarnoff" title="Peter Tarnoff">Peter Tarnoff</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrick_Utley" title="Garrick Utley">Garrick Utley</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_M._Warburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul M. Warburg">Paul M. Warburg</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Warnke" title="Paul Warnke">Paul Warnke</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton_R.Wharton,Jr." title="Clifton R. Wharton, Jr.">Clifton R. Wharton, Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Zoellick" title="Robert Zoellick">Robert Zoellick</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

Source: The Council on Foreign Relations from 1921 to 1996:Historical Roster of Directors and Officers<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-history_of_cfr_appendix-28">[29]</a>

<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Foreign_Relations&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other notable historical members">edit</a>] Other notable historical members</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_J._Alexander" title="Robert J. Alexander">Robert J. Alexander</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Black" title="Conrad Black">Conrad Black</a>, newspaper publisher</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruille_Braden" title="Spruille Braden">Spruille Braden</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGeorge_Bundy" title="McGeorge Bundy">McGeorge Bundy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._National_Security_Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Security Advisor">U.S. National Security Advisor</a> (1961–1966)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bundy" title="William Bundy">William Bundy</a>, foreign policy advisor to Kennedy and Johnson Administrations</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">C. Douglas Dillon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Secretary of the Treasury</a> (1961–1965)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Dulles" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> (1953–1961)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> (1953–1959)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">38th President of the United States</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Karaganov" title="Sergei Karaganov">Sergei Karaganov</a> (International Advisory Board member)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Kennan" title="George Kennan">George Kennan</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lovett" title="Robert Lovett">Robert Lovett</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Peter_McColough" title="Charles Peter McColough">Charles Peter McColough</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of Defense">U.S. Secretary of Defense</a> (1961–1968)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Paul Nitze</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1974–1977)</li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D.Rockefeller,III" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. Rockefeller, III">John D. Rockefeller, III</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Rohatyn" title="Felix Rohatyn">Felix Rohatyn</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Rostow" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Rostow">Eugene Rostow</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Rostow" class="mw-redirect" title="Walt Rostow">Walt Rostow</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schlesinger" title="Arthur Schlesinger">Arthur Schlesinger</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strobe_Talbott" title="Strobe Talbott">Strobe Talbott</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Wohlstetter" title="Albert Wohlstetter">Albert Wohlstetter</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta_Wohlstetter" title="Roberta Wohlstetter">Roberta Wohlstetter</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Warburg" title="Paul Warburg">Paul Warburg</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a>, U.S. Secretary of Defense (1981–1987)</li>

</ul>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Foreign_Relations&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>] Controversy</h2>

The Council has been the subject of debate, as shown in the 1969 film <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Capitalist_Conspiracy" title="The Capitalist Conspiracy">The Capitalist Conspiracy</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.Edward_Griffin" title="G. Edward Griffin">G. Edward Griffin</a>, the 2006 film by Aaron Russo, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America:Freedom_to_Fascism" title="America: Freedom to Fascism">America: Freedom to Fascism</a> and a 2007 documentary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitgeist,_the_Movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeitgeist, the Movie">Zeitgeist, the Movie</a>.

This is partly due to the number of high-ranking government officials (along with world business leaders and prominent media figures) in its membership, its secrecy clauses, and the large number of aspects of American foreign policy that its members have been involved with, beginning with Wilson's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen_Points" title="Fourteen Points">Fourteen Points</a>. Wilson's Fourteen Points speech was the first in which he suggested a worldwide security organization to prevent future world wars.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-14_points-4">[5]</a>

The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a> believes that the CFR is "[g]uilty of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World_Order_%28conspiracy_theory%29" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">conspiring with others to build a one world government</a>...".<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-29">[30]</a>. Conservative Democratic congressman from Georgia, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_McDonald" title="Larry McDonald">Larry McDonald</a>, the second head of the John Birch Society, introduced American Legion National Convention Resolution 773 to the House of Representatives calling for a congressional investigation into the Council on Foreign Relations, but nothing came from it.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-marrs-30">[31]</a>

Writer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_Quigley" title="Carroll Quigley">Carroll Quigley</a> claims it "became well known among those who believe that there is an international conspiracy to bring about a one-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_government" title="World government">world government</a>." In his book Tragedy and Hope, he based his analysis on his alleged but unsourced research in the papers of an Anglo-American elite organization that, he held, secretly controlled the U.S. and UK governments through a series of Round Table Groups. Conspiracy theorists assailed Quigley for his approval of the goals (not the tactics) of the Anglo-American elite while selectively using his information and analysis as evidence for their views."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-31">[32]</a>. Speaking of Carroll Quigley, Rep. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_McDonald" title="Larry McDonald">Larry McDonald</a> said, "He says, Sure we've been working it, sure we've been collaborating with communism, yes we're working with global accommodation, yes, we're working for world government. But the only thing I object to, is that we've kept it a secret."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-32">[33]</a>.

In response to the allegations, CFR's website contains a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAQ" title="FAQ">FAQ</a> section about its affairs.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations#cite_note-33">[34]</a>.

<ul>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilateral_Commission" title="Trilateral Commission">Trilateral Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_McDonald" title="Larry McDonald">Larry McDonald</a></li>

</ul>

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_on_Foreign_Relations&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>] Notes</h2>

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