Steptoe

<div>white shoe energy firm</div><div>
</div>=<div>=<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2020/05/03/keystone-xl-future-pipeline-permits" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://www.desmogblog.com/2020/05/03/keystone-xl-future-pipeline-permits</a>On April 15, Judge Brian Morris <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/morris-kxl-army-corps-summary-judgment-order.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">nullified</a> water-crossing permits in Montana that were granted for the Keystone XL, a major setback for the long-embattled tar sands oil pipeline. The ruling came just days after Keystone XL owner TC Energy, formerly known as TransCanada, obtained <a href="https://therealnews.com/columns/climate-crisis-covid-19-cancels-cop26-kxl-construction-trump-big-oil-huddle" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">billions of dollars in subsidies</a> from the Alberta government as global oil prices plummeted.The oil and gas industry has taken notice. Seemingly just a ruling on Keystone XL — the subject of opposition by the climate movement for the past decade — the ruling could have far broader implications for the future of building water-crossing pipelines and utility lines.In his decision, Judge Morris cited a potential violation of the Endangered Species Act when he ordered the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to do a deeper analysis of potential impacts to protected species. Morris required the Corps to demonstrate whether or not it could construct the pipeline without harming endangered species, such as the Pallid Sturgeon or the American burying beetle. Instead, the Army Corps “failed to consider relevant expert analysis and failed to articulate a rational connection between the facts it found and the choice it made,” Morris ruled, when the Corps gave Keystone XL the initial green light.The <a href="https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/kxl-complaint-20190701.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">original July 2019 complaint </a>in that case — filed by Northern Plains Resource Council, Bold Alliance, Sierra Club, Natural Resources Defense Council, and Center for Biological Diversity — also argued that the Army Corps had violated the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in using an obscure regulatory lever to fast-track the review process.Known as <a href="https://www.usace.army.mil/Missions/Civil-Works/Regulatory-Program-and-Permits/Nationwide-Permits/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">Nationwide Permit 12</a>, the permit only requires a short environmental analysis compared to the more robust environmental impact statement required under NEPA for other major infrastructure projects. But Morris also wrote that the decision applied not just to Keystone XL, but to all major federal projects aiming to utilize Nationwide Permit 12, calling for it to be “vacated pending completion of the consultation process and compliance with all environmental statutes and regulations.”Just two days after this decision, Army Corps regulatory program Chief Jennifer Moyer wrote in an email obtained by the Associated Press that the agency should suspend the program indefinitely “out of an abundance of caution” until the issue is resolved legally. The Trump administration has already <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/DOJ%20Motion%20for%20Stay%20Pending%20Appeal_0.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">requested a procedural halt</a> on implementing Morris’ decision until its potential appeal weaves its way through the legal system.“The Court has eliminated Nationwide Permit 12 for use by any utility line project anywhere in the country, which has extraordinary and immediate implications for numerous projects,” <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/DOJ%20Motion%20for%20Stay%20Pending%20Appeal_0.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">the U.S. Department of Justice attorneys wrote</a> on behalf of the Army Corps.The <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/american-petroleum-institute" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">American Petroleum Institute</a> (API), the lobbying and advocacy voice of the oil and gas industry, has also filed an affidavit in favor of putting a procedural halt to Morris’ ruling. “The ability to provide reliable energy is even more important now during this sensitive and challenging time brought on by COVID-19,” Robin Rorick, Vice President of Midstream and Industry Operations for API, <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/API%20Affidavit%20Robin%20Rorick.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">wrote in the affidavit</a>. “The Court’s Order could threaten API’s members’ ability to continue numerous energy and infrastructure projects, affecting the health of numerous companies and job security in an already-strained economy.”API <a href="https://www.api.org/news-policy-and-issues/news/2020/04/17/labor-industry-respond-to-montana-district-court-decision-on-usace-nationwide-pe" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">also joined</a> North America’s Building Trades Unions and Interstate Natural Gas Association of America in denouncing the ruling along similar lines.<h3 dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">'Single and Complete'</h3>Nationwide Permit 12 historically was used for small “<a href="https://www.nao.usace.army.mil/Portals/31/docs/regulatory/NationwidePermits/Nationwide_Permit_12.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">single and complete</a>” projects crossing water parcels half an acre in size or smaller. But in the aftermath of protests and civil disobedience actions taken against Keystone XL, the Obama administration began using that permitting process to split pipelines into <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2013/11/22/US-court-denies-halt-pipeline-set-replace-keystone-xl-northern-half" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">hundreds or thousands</a> of half-acre pieces. The process was a way around the more robust and democratic National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) regulatory process, which involves both a public commenting and public hearing phase. Nationwide Permit 12 was also <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2016/09/08/dakota-access-pipeline-big-oil-nationwide-permit-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">used to push through</a> the Dakota Access pipeline, as well as the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2013/10/13/us-court-keystone-xl-profits-more-important-than-environment" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">southern leg</a> of the Keystone XL, both greenlighted by President Barack Obama.During the Obama era, environmental groups decried this as a form of “<a href="https://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2016/08/02/comment-period-closes-diverse-voices-call-overhaul-fast-track-pipeline-approval" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">segmentation</a>” and a way out of complying with NEPA, which they routinely challeneged in court <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2014/06/25/recent-federal-court-decision-could-muddy-waters-keystone-xl-south-flanagan-south" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">with some success</a>—though not enough to undo the legal lever. The bedrock environmental law is now under further attack by President <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/donald-trump" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Donald Trump</a>, with the administration trying to remove climate change contribution as a factor analyzed under the law for major projects and aiming to narrow the scope of and time it takes to complete these environmental impact reviews. [vid]Since March 2017, the Trump administration has utilized Nationwide Permit 12 over <a href="https://apnews.com/3fb59f0666144ddf4dce0d6d0514d407" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">37,000 times</a>, the AP reported. As it stands today, the Army Corps’ decision to halt use of the Nationwide Permit 12 fast-track tool has put 360 permit applications on hold. “The reason that matters is that the public and the communities and everybody that lives there has the chance to get involved in the process,” Eric Huber, Senior Managing Attorney with the Sierra Club's Environmental Law Program, told DeSmog. “Otherwise, these special permits just allow a pipeline company to go out and start construction without notice to anybody or to take private property and just proceed and blast this through regardless of how the local community thinks of it.”External corporate attorneys, too, have taken notice and expressed their own concerns about the ruling.“The decision puts in limbo thousands of infrastructure projects nationwide that rely on [Nationwide Permit] 12 for the construction, maintenance, or repair of utility lines and poses particularly acute problems for the oil and gas industry, which relies on the permit to facilitate projects ranging from large interstate pipelines to smaller gathering lines at exploration and production sites,” wrote attorneys from Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, a <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/04/03/firm-that-once-employed-trumps-pick-run-interior-is-making-millions-lobbying-it/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">firm with close ties</a> to the Trump administration, in <a href="https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/district-court-ruling-on-keystone-xl-27542/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">one such reaction to the ruling</a>.Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck’s fossil fuel industry lobbying <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/firms/summary?cycle=2020&id=D000000724&t0-search=oil" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">clients</a> include the American Petroleum Institute, American Public Power Association, Freeport LNG, Talos Energy, Jordan Cove LNG, WPX Energy, and the New Mexico Oil and Gas Association.Another firm heavily involved in fossil fuel industry litigation and lobbying, Steptoe & Johnson, also weighed in on the ruling and <a href="https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/new-montana-district-court-ruling-could-59518/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">wrote</a> that it could have the impact of “extending permitting time frames for these types of projects” going forward. The firm’s fossil fuel industry lobbying <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/firms/summary?cycle=2020&id=D000022267&t0-search=coal" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">clients</a> include American Gas Association, Gas Technology Institute, and Peabody Energy.<h3 dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Permian Highway Pipeline in Texas</h3>The legal precedent set in the Keystone XL case is already playing out in federal courts.On April 30, the Sierra Club filed a <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/Sierra%20Club%20v%20Army%20Corps%20of%20Engineers.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">lawsuit</a> in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas against the Army Corps of Engineers over another controversial pipeline. The complaint says the Army Corps did not comply with NEPA in issuing a Nationwide Permit 12 to the 428-mile <a href="https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/natural-gas/101719-kinder-morgan-pushes-back-permian-highway-gas-pipe-in-service-date-blames-permitting" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Permian Highway gas pipeline</a>. It also argues the agency is not currently in compliance with the order in the Keystone XL case because it has continued to allow pipeline construction under the contested Nationwide Permit 12 program.“It is outrageous that the Corps approved this project without public notice or opportunity to comment on their permits,” Rebecca McCreary, a Sierra Club attorney, <a href="https://www.sierraclub.org/press-releases/2020/04/sierra-club-lawsuit-challenges-construction-permian-highway-fracked-gas" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">said of the Permian Highway pipeline in a press release</a>.  “Nationwide Permit 12 allows for no public hearings or participation by the local communities before the Corps permits construction to start, nor is there public notice or comment on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service permits allowing harm to the endangered species along the route. The Corps should stop this project immediately.”Owned by Kinder Morgan, Permian Highway is a pipeline slated to carry gas obtained via <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/fracking-the-future/" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”)</a> in Texas’ Permian Basin east across the state. Kinder Morgan told DeSmog it was aware of the lawsuit, but declined to comment on it and the broader Nationwide Permit 12 issue.Permian Highway has already seen issues with spills into water systems, with <a href="https://www.kvue.com/article/news/local/sierra-club-brown-water-blanco-permian-highway-pipeline/269-d01ebb5c-778a-42af-b24e-e40f7ef00020" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: 0px;">one late March</a> incident <a href="https://www.statesman.com/news/20200408/records-pipeline-company-spilled-36000-gallons-of-drilling-fluid-in-hill-country" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">spilling 36,000 gallons</a> of drilling slurry — including a carcinogenic additive — into groundwater. [twt]Responding, the Hays County Commissioners Court <a href="https://hayscountytx.com/2020/04/22/commissioners-court-votes-to-rescind-road-permits-for-permian-highway-pipeline/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">voted</a> on April 22 to rescind road permits given by the Texas county to allow Kinder Morgan to drill underneath county roads as it builds the pipeline. And Kinder Morgan, too, has suspended construction on this portion of the pipeline as it “determines the best path forward” in the aftermath of the spill, the <a href="https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/amp/kinder-morgan-hill-country-pipeline-drill-accident-15175986.php?fbclid=IwAR2JrPNbbEmSHwogVxIZtMMe12qAdD_PQOt1tkGQxc3VZ0laSiZghFIXEjE" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">company told Houston Chronicle</a>.The City of Austin, City of San Marcos, Hays County, Travis County, and others also <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/Austin%20Lawsuit.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none;">filed</a> their own Endangered Species Act lawsuit in February, arguing that the pipeline could threaten protected Golden Cheeked Warblers, two salamander species, and their habitats. <h3 dir="ltr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Keystone XL Decision Looms</h3>In the Keystone XL case in Montana, Morris recently <a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mtd.61274/gov.uscourts.mtd.61274.134.0.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">denied </a>the Army Corps a procedural stay in the case. TC Energy, for its part, wants the decision <a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mtd.61274/gov.uscourts.mtd.61274.137.0.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">struck down</a> as it applies both to its own pipeline and for the permitting program at large.“If TC Energy does not receive authorization from the Army Corps by early July, its construction plans will be significantly impacted,” Gary Salsman, a TC Energy vice president for the Keystone XL project, <a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mtd.61274/gov.uscourts.mtd.61274.137.1.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">wrote in his April 29 affidavit</a>. “Currently, TC Energy is evaluating potential options that would be available to it in that circumstance, each of which have significant adverse consequences.”Those “potential options,” Salsman wrote, include a potential construction delay across Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska; a change in construction plans this year to avoid the waters it is currently slated to cross that are impacted by the vacating of Nationwide Permit 12; or ending construction all together. He added that if construction does not begin in 2020, it could cost the company $750 million to $1.3 billion.Morris could make a decision on how broadly his Nationwide Permit 12 decision applies <a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mtd.61274/gov.uscourts.mtd.61274.134.0.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">as soon as May 8</a>. Regardless of the outcome, Morris' next move will likely face an appeal from either side. 
<div class="field-label" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" display="display" inline="inline" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">TAGS: </div><div class="field-items" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" display="display" inline="inline" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/permian-highway-pipeline" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Permian Highway Pipeline</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/brownstein-hyatt-farber-schreck" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6586" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Kinder Morgan</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/9356" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Army Corps of Engineers</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/643" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">American Petroleum Institute</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/666" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Sierra Club</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5857" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Keystone XL</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/18524" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Permian Basin</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/tags/oil-sands" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">oil sands</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2632" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">tar sands</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/14049" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Nationwide Permit 12</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/brian-morris" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Brian Morris</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/tc-energy" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">TC Energy</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5420" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">TransCanada</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/trump-administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Trump Administration</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/3844" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Obama administration</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5869" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">National Environmental Policy Act</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5670" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Clean Water Act</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/3030" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">endangered species act</a></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</div></div><div>=
<div style=""><section class="content" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; counter-reset: list-header-num 0; max-width: 600px;">associates from U.S. EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt's political days in Oklahoma have come to K Street.Glenn Coffee and Crystal Coon began lobbying this week for QuikTrip Corp., a convenience store and gas station chain headquartered in Tulsa, Okla., on the renewable fuel standard, according to <a href="http://www.eenews.net/assets/2017/03/10/document_gw_01.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-weight: bold;">lobbying disclosure records</a> released by the Senate.<aside id="image_asset_layout_16726" class="right span5 image_asset_layout" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; float: right; max-width: 180px; width: 180px;">
Crystal Coon. Photo courtesy of LinkedIn.</aside>Coffee served in the Oklahoma state Senate with Pruitt as well as in Oklahoma Republican Gov. Mary Fallin's administration, with Coffee serving as secretary of state and Pruitt as attorney general.Coon served as chief of staff for Pruitt when he took office as attorney general. She has continued to work with Pruitt, consulting for his federal and state political committees.Coffee too has been working with Pruitt. His law firm, Glenn Coffee & Associates, has done election law compliance work for Pruitt's state campaign.The lobbying registration shows both are representing QuickTrip at Coffee's consulting firm, the Coffee Group. The convenience mart chain is both Coffee and Coon's first federal lobbying client, according to records."I plan to lobby on behalf of interests that I care about and that share a pro market, pro energy, pro environment vision," Coon said in a statement emailed to E&E News.<aside id="image_asset_layout_16725" class="left span5 image_asset_layout" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px 20px 20px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; max-width: 180px; width: 180px;">
Glenn Coffee. Photo by Oklahoma Legislative Service Bureau, courtesy of Wikipedia.</aside>QuikTrip has just gotten into the Washington lobbying game. Records show that the company also hired Steptoe & Johnson LLP in July last year and has spent $40,000 on lobbying so far.As EPA chief, Pruitt has a big part to play in the renewable fuel standard. The agency administers the program, deciding how much ethanol is to be blended into gasoline.QuikTrip has been in touch with the agency over its concerns with the RFS. It filed <a href="http://www.eenews.net/assets/2017/03/10/document_gw_02.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-weight: bold;">comments</a> last month with Pruitt at EPA, attaching a letter sent earlier that said changing the program's so-called point of obligation would be "anti-consumer."The Trump administration's actions on the RFS are being closely watched. A deal — supposedly engineered by Carl Icahn, the investor and adviser to President Trump — that would have shifted responsibility for renewable fuel mandates from refineries to fuel blenders fell apart earlier this week (<a href="http://www.eenews.net/greenwire/stories/1060051148" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; font-weight: bold;">Greenwire</a>, March 8).</section><section class="promotion generated" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-width: 2px 0px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-color: rgb(152, 177, 203); border-image: initial; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/KevinBogardus" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">@KevinBogardus</a> <span style="background: transparent; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); border-image: initial; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.65em; vertical-align: baseline;">Email: <a href="mailto:kbogardus@eenews.net" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">kbogardus@eenews.net</a></section></div><div style="">
<div style=""><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Catherine "Cathie" Martin is Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy Communications Director for Policy and Planning. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cmartin-bio.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[1]</a>Martin is a former communications director for Vice President <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Dick Cheney</a> (2001-2004) and currently serves as a member of President<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_W.Bush" title="George W. Bush" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">George W. Bush</a>'s communications staff. Martin is married to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/FCC" title="FCC" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">FCC</a> Chairman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kevin_J.Martin" title="Kevin J. Martin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Kevin Martin</a> and a close friend of Bush counselor <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Dan_Bartlett" title="Dan Bartlett" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Dan Bartlett</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07026/757048-84.stm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[2]</a><hr style="height: 1px; border: 0px; margin: 0.2em 0px; background-color: rgb(170, 170, 170);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#Trial_of_Scooter_Libby" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1 Trial of Scooter Libby</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#Profiles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2 Profiles</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#Related_SourceWatch_Resources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3 Related SourceWatch Resources</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4 External links</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#Profiles_2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.1 Profiles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#Video" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.2 Video</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#Articles.26_Commentary" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.3 Articles & Commentary</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#2002" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.3.1 2002</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#2003" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.3.2 2003</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#2004" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.3.3 2004</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#2005" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.3.4 2005</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#2006" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.3.5 2006</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin#2007" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4.3.6 2007</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Trial_of_Scooter_Libby" title="Trial of Scooter Libby" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Trial of Scooter Libby</a></h2>Martin, who had been "chief spokesman" for Cheney, testified January 25, 2007, as "the fourth witness for the prosecution in the perjury and obstruction of justice trial of Libby, who is charged with lying during an investigation of who leaked the name of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/CIA" title="CIA" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">CIA</a> operative,<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Valerie_Plame_Wilson" title="Valerie Plame Wilson" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Valerie Plame Wilson</a>, and why. Unlike the previous three witnesses, who worked at the CIA and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">State Department</a>, Martin provided an insider's perspective, one from directly inside the office of the vice president." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/25/news/libby.php" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[3]</a>"Martin said she learned that Plame worked for the CIA after Libby directed her to call the agency to get more information about a fact-finding trip [Plame's husband Joseph] <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Joseph_Wilson" title="Joseph Wilson" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Wilson</a> had taken to Niger in February 2002. Martin said she quickly reported the information about Plame to Libby and Cheney."Her statements buttressed the testimony of two former government officials who said earlier this week that they received urgent calls from Libby in June 2003 asking about Wilson and the trip. Martin was the third prosecution witness to tell the jury that she had told Libby that Wilson's wife worked at the CIA before it was publicly revealed in a syndicated column by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Robert Novak</a> on July 14, 2003." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0701260110jan26,1,7561870.story?coll=chi-newsnationworld-hed" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">[4]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;">Profiles</h2>According to her White House <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cmartin-bio.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">bio</a>, Martin previously "worked for Secretary of Commerce <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Don_Evans" title="Don Evans" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Don Evans</a> as Deputy Chief of Staff and White House Liaison. From 2000 to 2001, Martin served as Policy Director to former Texas Attorney General <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">John Cornyn</a>, who was later elected to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United States Senate</a>. From 1994 to 2000, Ms. Martin practiced law at the Washington, D.C. law firm of Steptoe & Johnson, LLP."Ms. Martin received her J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1993 and her B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1990."<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;">Related SourceWatch Resources</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush_administration" title="Bush administration" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bush administration</a> (includes numerous article links)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush_administration_scandals" title="Bush administration scandals" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bush administration scandals</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Treasongate:Beyond_Karl_Rove" title="Treasongate: Beyond Karl Rove" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Treasongate: Beyond Karl Rove</a></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background: none;">External links</h2><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">Profiles</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cmartin-bio.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Profile: Catherine Martin</a>, WhiteHouse.gov.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/12/20021213-5.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Catherine Martin is Named Assistant to the Vice President for Public Affairs, Mary Matalin, Assistant to the President and Counselor to the Vice President Resigns,"</a> Office of the White House Press Secretary, December 13, 2002.</li></ul><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">Video</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.msn.com/v/us/msnbc.htm?g=05a1123d-f3e7-46b1-b6af-d0bb2bb99f72&f=00&fg=copy" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Witness: VP was concerned by Hardball coverage,"</a> Hardball with Chris Matthews and David Shuster/MSNBC, January 25, 2007. re Cathie Martin's testimony</li></ul><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">Articles & Commentary</h3><h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">2002</h4><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lee Walczak, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_52/c3814061.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Washington Outlook: "Mr. and Mrs. Juice,"</a> BusinessWeek, December 30, 2002.</li></ul><h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">2003</h4><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlisareinsradar.com/archives/001756.php" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Dick Cheney Fib Challenged By Dems,"</a> On Lisa Rein's Radar Blog, September 17, 2003: "Cathie Martin, a Cheney spokeswoman, confirmed that the vice president has been receiving the deferred compensation payments from <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Halliburton" title="Halliburton" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Halliburton</a>, but she disputed that his statements on '<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Meet_the_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meet the Press (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Meet the Press</a>' had been misleading. ... Cheney had already earned the salary that was now being paid, Martin said, adding that once he became a nominee for vice president, he purchased an insurance policy to guarantee that the deferred salary would be paid to him whether or not Halliburton survived as a company."</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dave Montgomery, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0928-02.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Cheney's Ties to Halliburton Draw More Scrutiny,"</a> Fort Worth Star-Telegram (Common Dreams), September 28, 2003.</li></ul><h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">2004</h4><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Tom Brune, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apfn.net/MESSAGEBOARD/02-26-04/discussion.cgi.93.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Panel Questions White House Aides,"</a> Newsday (APFN), February 11, 2004.</li></ul><h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">2005</h4><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/03/17/1442219" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Kevin Martin Appointed FCC Chairman, Ken Ferree Named to Leading Post at Corporation for Public Broadcasting,"</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Democracy Now!</a>, March 17, 2005.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">susanhu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boomantribune.com/story/2005/10/19/111319/79" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"More Cheney Aides Targeted in CIA Leak Inquiry,"</a> Booman Tribune, October 19, 2005.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jeralyn Merritt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkleft.com/story/2005/10/30/417/38297" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Cheney's July 12th Plane Ride to Norfolk,"</a> Talk Left, October 30, 2005.</li></ul><h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">2006</h4><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">emptywheel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thenexthurrah.typepad.com/the_next_hurrah/2006/03/some_thoughts_o.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Some Thoughts on Ari and Cathie,"</a> The Next Hurrah Blog, March 1, 2006.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalism.nyu.edu/pubzone/weblogs/pressthink/2006/04/09/waas_now.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Murray Waas</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationaljournal.com/articles/0414nj3.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Cheney Authorized Leak Of CIA Report, Libby Says,"</a> National Journal, April 14, 2006.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thenexthurrah.typepad.com/the_next_hurrah/2006/04/leak_timing.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Leak Timing,"</a> The Next Hurrah, April 16, 2006.</li></ul><h4 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; background: none;">2007</h4><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">emptywheel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailykos.com/story/2007/1/10/143612/677" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"The Scooter Libby Trial: The Russert Charges,"</a> Daily Kos, January 10, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://murraywaas.net/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Murray Waas</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationaljournal.com/articles/0112nj1.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"CIA Leak Probe: Inside the Grand Jury,</a> National Journal, Jan. 12, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.townhall.com/News/NewsArticle.aspx?ContentGuid=a0a65dae-d954-462a-91d4-a236e00f4a3c" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"CIA Leak Witnesses,"</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Townhall.com" title="Townhall.com" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Townhall.com</a>, January 13, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jeralyn Merritt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2007/01/12/DI2007011201640.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"'Scooter' Libby Trial Begins. Jury Selection Starts for Bush Official Accused of Perjury,"</a> Washington Post, January 16, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jeralyn Merritt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkleft.com/story/2007/1/17/2011/07084" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Who Got Immunity in Scooter Libby Trial?"</a> Talk Left, January 17, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naymz.com/search/murray/waas/1293771?gclid=CLWN39vA_JACFSBMGgodQgwh2g" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">Murray Waas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/murray-waas/exclusive-the-paradox-th_b_38902.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"The Paradox That is Scooter Libby,"</a> Huffington Post, Jan. 17, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">David Shuster, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hardblogger.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/01/18/36260.aspx" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Libby Jury Selection: Will a Witness Contradict Cheney's Testimony?"</a> Hardblogger/MSNBC, January 18, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Christy Hardin Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firedoglake.com/2007/01/23/libby-trial-openings-and-on-to-witnesses/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Libby Trial: Opening and on to Witnesses,"</a> Firedoglake Blog, January 23, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Neil A. Lewis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/26/washington/26libby.html?hp&ex=1169874000&en=3f21bf9bf4615852&ei=5094&partner=homepage" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Ex-Cheney Aide Contradicts Libby,"</a> New York Times/<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/25/news/libby.php" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">International Herald Tribune</a>, January 25, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Andy Sullivan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/CrisesArticle.aspx?storyId=N25282134&WTmodLoc=World-R5-Alertnet-2" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Bush declassification unnerved White House aide,"</a> Reuters, January 25, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jeralyn Merritt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkleft.com/story/2007/1/25/211954/041" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Libby Trial: A Big Day Today,"</a> Talk Left, January 25, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Dana Milbank, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07026/757048-84.stm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Libby trial pulls back White House curtain,"</a> Washington Post (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette), January 26, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Richard B. Schmitt, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0701260110jan26,1,7561870.story?coll=chi-newsnationworld-hed" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Aide: VP, Libby targeted Iraq critic. Testifies Cheney told staff to call reporters,"</a> Chicago Tribune, January 26, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2007/LAW/01/25/cia.leak.ap/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"Cheney's spokeswoman and Libby tell different stories,"</a> Associated Press (CNN), January 26, 2007.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">David Corn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/blogs/capitalgames?bid=3&pid=160544" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC") 100% 50% no-repeat;">"The Libby Trial: Cheney's Office Takes the Stand,"</a> The Nation, January 25, 2007.</li></ul></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Treasongate" title="Category:Treasongate" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Treasongate</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Politics(U.S.)" title="Category:Politics (U.S.)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Politics (U.S.)</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Scandals" title="Category:Scandals" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Scandals</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div style="">=</div><div style="">
</div><div style="">Stewart Abercrombie Baker (born July 17, 1947) was the first Assistant Secretary (acting as Under Secretary-equivalent) for Policy at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United States Department of Homeland Security</a> under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W.Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Presidency of George W. Bush</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-autogenerated1-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-autogenerated4-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>Baker is the former General Counsel of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Security Agency</a> (1992–1994) and author of the book, The Limits of Trust: Cryptography, Governments, and Electronic Commerce (1998), and other publications and articles on electronic commerce and international trade. Earlier in his career, Baker was Law Clerk to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">John Paul Stevens</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Supreme Court</a> from 1977 to 1978. He also clerked for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_M.Coffin" title="Frank M. Coffin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Frank M. Coffin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals" title="United States Court of Appeals" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United States Court of Appeals</a>, First Circuit (1976–77) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Hufstedler" title="Shirley Hufstedler" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Shirley Hufstedler</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals" title="United States Court of Appeals" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">US Court of Appeals</a>, Ninth Circuit (1975).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-autogenerated1-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-autogenerated4-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> He was in private practice with the Washington, DC-based law firm <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_LLP" title="Steptoe & Johnson LLP" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Steptoe & Johnson LLP</a> from 1981 to 1992 and again from 1994 to 2005.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-Steptoe-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a>Baker currently writes the blog Skating on Stilts.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-Skating_on_Stilts-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> A book based on the blog,Skating on Stilts: Why We Aren't Stopping Tomorrow's Terrorism, was published in June 2010.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a>Baker is married to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anne_Kornhauser_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Kornhauser Baker (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Anne Kornhauser Baker</a>. They have three children and three grandchildren and live in northern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Virginia</a>.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early life[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stewart_Baker&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Baker was born on July 17, 1947 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poughkeepsie(city),New_York" title="Poughkeepsie (city), New York" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Poughkeepsie, New York</a>. He is the son of Henry Irving Baker, Jr. (1917–1949) and Ruth (Abercrombie) Baker (1918–1965). Baker's father died when he was young, and his mother eventually moved the family to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dearborn,Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Dearborn, Michigan</a>, supporting them through a career with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ford Motor Company</a>. Baker attended public high school in Dearborn.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a>Baker obtained his Bachelor's Degree from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Brown University</a> in 1969. He graduated from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of California, Los Angeles</a> (UCLA) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCLA_School_of_Law" title="UCLA School of Law" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">School of Law</a> in 1975. While in law school, he published A Strict Scrutiny of the Right to Travel in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UCLA_Law_Review" title="UCLA Law Review" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">UCLA Law Review</a> (1975). He also served as an intern law clerk to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Hufstedler" title="Shirley Hufstedler" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Shirley Hufstedler</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-autogenerated4-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Professional career[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stewart_Baker&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Professional career" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Following his graduation from law school in 1976, Baker clerked for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_M.Coffin" title="Frank M. Coffin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Frank M. Coffin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals" title="United States Court of Appeals" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United States Court of Appeals</a>, First Circuit. In 1979, Baker became Deputy General Counsel, Special Assistant to Secretary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Hufstedler" title="Shirley Hufstedler" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Shirley Hufstedler</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United States Department of Education</a>. He served in this position until 1981. In 1981, Baker joined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_LLP" title="Steptoe & Johnson LLP" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Steptoe & Johnson LLP</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-autogenerated4-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-Steptoe-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a>Baker stayed with Steptoe & Johnson LLP until appointed in 1992 by President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H. W. Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">George H. W. Bush</a> to serve as General Counsel to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Security Agency</a> (NSA). Baker served at the NSA during the time when the agency was defending the controversial <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipper_Chip" title="Clipper Chip" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Clipper Chip</a>, an electronic encryption device that was equipped with a decoding key for use by the US government.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a> Baker was awarded the Defense Medal for Meritorious Civilian Service in 1994.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-autogenerated4-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>Following his two-year stint at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Security Agency</a>, Baker returned to private practice at Steptoe & Johnson. His practice at the firm concentrated on issues related to privacy, national security, computer security, electronic surveillance, encryption, digital commerce, and export controls.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker#cite_note-autogenerated4-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></div><div style="">=
<div style=""><li class="g" style="margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="30" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://mail.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Barbara_K.Kagan" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Barbara K. Kagan - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _hy" style="height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Ee" style="font-style: normal;">mail.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Barbara_K.Kagan</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="yl ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sourcewatch+steptoe&oq=sourcewatch+steptoe&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i64.6151j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b0" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="ab.tdd;keydown:ab.hbke;keypress:ab.mskpe" data-ved="0CCAQ7B0wAA" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 8.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:ab.hdke;mouseover:ab.hdhne;mouseout:ab.hdhue" data-ved="0CCEQqR8wAA" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:LG0aVVbMqx0J:mail.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Barbara_K.Kagan+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="f slp" style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:LG0aVVbMqx0J:mail.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Barbara_K.Kagan+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Feb 9, 2012 - Barbara K. Kagan "serves as the Public Service Counsel in the Washington office of Steptoe & Johnson LLP where she works with the Pro ...</a></div></div></div></li><li class="g" style="margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="36" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Catherine Martin - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv hy" style="height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Ee" style="font-style: normal;">www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Catherine_Martin</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="yl ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sourcewatch+steptoe&oq=sourcewatch+steptoe&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i64.6151j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b1" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="ab.tdd;keydown:ab.hbke;keypress:ab.mskpe" data-ved="0CCYQ7B0wAQ" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 8.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:ab.hdke;mouseover:ab.hdhne;mouseout:ab.hdhue" data-ved="0CCcQqR8wAQ" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kKnv5pB4pcgJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php%3Ftitle%3DCatherine_Martin+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="f slp" style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kKnv5pB4pcgJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php%3Ftitle%3DCatherine_Martin+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Aug 10, 2008 - From 1994 to 2000, Ms. Martin practiced law at the Washington, D.C. law firm of Steptoe & Johnson, LLP. "Ms. Martin received her J.D. from ...</a></div></div></div></li><li class="g" style="margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="42" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Stewart Baker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _hy" style="height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Ee" style="font-style: normal;">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="yl ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sourcewatch+steptoe&oq=sourcewatch+steptoe&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i64.6151j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b2" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="ab.tdd;keydown:ab.hbke;keypress:ab.mskpe" data-ved="0CCwQ7B0wAg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 8.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:ab.hdke;mouseover:ab.hdhne;mouseout:ab.hdhue" data-ved="0CC0QqR8wAg" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6S535HnwB08J:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=122&q=related:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker+sourcewatch+steptoe&tbo=1&sa=X&ei=g0-rU6unNcukqAb2tIGoAw&ved=0CC8QHzAC" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ul></div></div><div class="crc" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; margin-left: 4px;"><div class="crl" data-async-context="res:2;ri:;site:en.wikipedia.org" data-async-trigger="cra-2" jsaction="crd.tglpop" data-ved="0CDAQ5CswAg" style="cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=122&q=related:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker+sourcewatch+steptoe&tbo=1&sa=X&ei=g0-rU6unNcukqAb2tIGoAw&ved=0CC8QHzAC" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Wikipedia<span class="cr-dwn-arw" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; top: 8.5px; position: absolute; margin-left: 6px; margin-top: -3px; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) transparent !important;" /></a></div></div></div><div class="f slp" style=""><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=122&q=related:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Baker+sourcewatch+steptoe&tbo=1&sa=X&ei=g0-rU6unNcukqAb2tIGoAw&ved=0CC8QHzAC" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">He was in private practice with the Washington, DC-based law firm Steptoe .... Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction; ^ Stewart A. Baker - SourceWatch ...</a></div></div></div></li><li class="g" style="margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="49" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=r9kNZrmG0E8C&pg=PA298&lpg=PA298&dq=sourcewatch+steptoe&source=bl&ots=ZzYpEEWOiw&sig=3ftS7XaRehQTUCoSmjIpaOH-rE0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=g0-rU6unNcukqAb2tIGoAw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Who Benefits from Global Violence and War: Uncovering a ...</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _hy" style="height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Ee" style="font-style: normal;">books.google.com/books?isbn=027599435X</cite></div><div class="f slp" style="">Marc Pilisuk, ‎<a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?es_sm=122&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Jennifer+Achord+Rountree%22&sa=X&ei=g0-rU6unNcukqAb2tIGoAw&ved=0CDMQ9AgwAw" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;">Jennifer Achord Rountree</a> - 2008 - ‎History</div>SourceWatch. (n.d.)(a). Rendon Group. http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title= Rendon_Group (accessed April 3, 2006). ... A. Steptoe and A. Appels.</div></div></li><li class="g" style="margin: 0px 0px 23px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="52" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://archive.today/9n2bP" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">CIGNA - SourceWatch - archive.today</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 42em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv hy" style="height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Ee" style="font-style: normal;">archive.today/9n2bP</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="yl ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sourcewatch+steptoe&oq=sourcewatch+steptoe&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i64.6151j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b4" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="ab.tdd;keydown:ab.hbke;keypress:ab.mskpe" data-ved="0CDYQ7B0wBA" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 4px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 8.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:ab.hdke;mouseover:ab.hdhne;mouseout:ab.hdhue" data-ved="0CDcQqR8wBA" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.2; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="f slp" style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Apr 15, 2013 - Click here to check out our new SourceWatch resource .... Over the same time period, the Steptoe & Johnson firm lobbied for CIGNA on what it ...</a></div></div></div></li></div><div style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">
</a></div><div style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">
</a></div><div style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">=</a></div><div style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">wikifluff</a><div style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">
</a></div><div style=""><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 22.4px;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:2YaAlqNERG0J:archive.today/9n2bP+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Steptoe & Johnson PLLC is a national Energy law firm in the U.S. with 14 offices in Colorado, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania. Texas and West Virginia.</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[1]</a> It is ranked by Energy Law 360 as the 12th largest energy firm in the nation with over 300 lawyers in 40 practice area.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> The firm offers legal services to energy producers throughout the U.S.The firm has particular strengths in energy law, labor and employment law and litigation<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a> and has been top-ranked by Chambers USA in the areas of Corporate/Commercial, Litigation/General Commercial, Real Estate, Natural Resources and Labor & Employment.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a> The firm was also ranked in the 100 largest U.S. practices in the areas of employment, energy, and insurance.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a>The firm is celebrating its 100th anniversary on September 13, 2013.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#Philip_P.Steptoe" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1 Philip P. Steptoe</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#Louis_A.Johnson" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2 Louis A. Johnson</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#History" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3 History</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#Offices" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4 Offices</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#General_Timeline" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5 General Timeline</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6 External links</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">7 References</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Philip P. Steptoe[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Philip P. Steptoe" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Born in 1877 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandy_Station,Virginia" title="Brandy Station, Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Brandy Station, Virginia</a>, Philip P. Steptoe was the son of an Episcopal minister. He graduated from Virginia Law School in 1902 and soon became known as one of the leading chancery lawyers in West Virginia. Possessing a "keen analytical mind and sense of equality", Steptoe was considered quiet, reserved and very scholarly.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Louis A. Johnson[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Louis A. Johnson" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_A.Johnson" title="Louis A. Johnson" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Louis Arthur Johnson</a> was born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke,Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Roanoke, Virginia</a> in 1891. He was a heavyweight boxer and wrestler, graduated from Virginia Law School and traveled to West Virginia to launch his legal career. Known as "The Colonel", Johnson was a dignified, outgoing man. He served as the Assistant Secretary of War under President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D.Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> and was the Secretary of Defense under the President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S.Truman" title="Harry S. Truman" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Harry S. Truman</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">History[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>The origins of Steptoe & Johnson PLLC date back to 1913. The firm was established in Clarksburg, West Virginia by Philip P. Steptoe and Louis A. Johnson, graduates of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Virginia_Law_School" title="University of Virginia Law School" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">University of Virginia Law School</a>. The two men met when Johnson, preparing to take his first case before the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia_Supreme_Court_of_Appeals" title="West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals</a>, sought a mentor and approached Steptoe, an established attorney ten years his senior, who had a 'fine reputation as a low-key, methodical, and scholarly attorney.' They took an immediate liking to one another, complemented one another and attracted prominent clients. In 1980, there was an amicable separation of the Washington and West Virginia offices. As a result of this separation, the founding firm became known as Steptoe & Johnson PLLC and the D.C office formed the new Steptoe & Johnson LLP.1913Philip P. Steptoe and Louis A. Johnson established the law firm of Steptoe & Johnson in Clarksburg, West Virginia, due to its centralized location and variety of manufacturing, banking, mineral, and service-related industries; Clarksburg proved to be an ideal base of operations. Steptoe & Johnson soon became prominent in the fields of energy, banking, insurance, litigation, mineral real estate, and public utility law.The 1920sThe firm continued to grow and in 1928, Steptoe & Johnson opened an office in the State capital of Charleston, which facilitated the expansion of the firm’s practice before the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, its interaction with numerous West Virginia regulatory agencies, and its involvement in various legislative activities.The 1940sIn 1945, the firm opened its Washington, D.C. office. Initially specializing in post-war governmental regulation, the firm rapidly expanded its national practice in many substantive areas.The 1950s & 60sThe firm acquired major national and international clients in airline, energy, railroad, banking, insurance, steel & chemical manufacturing, publishing, and public finance sectors.1970sSteptoe & Johnson continued to grow, and its three offices employed 175 attorneys and more than 300 support personnel. The Washington office grew to be one of the five largest in the District of Columbia in the 1970s.The 1980sIn 1980, the firm divided into two separate law firms – one in West Virginia and one in Washington, D.C., - each continuing its practice under the Steptoe & Johnson name. The Washington office became Steptoe & Johnson LLP. The founding partnership of Steptoe & Johnson continued its practice in the Clarksburg and Charleston, West Virginia offices and now is known as Steptoe & Johnson PLLC. In 1988, the firm opened an office in Morgantown, West Virginia.The 1990sIn 1990, Steptoe & Johnson acquired Avey & Steptoe, a prominent Martinsburg firm with almost fifty years of experience in the general practice of law. The firm continued its expansion by adding an office in Wheeling, West Virginia in 1994.The 2000sIn September 2003, the firm opened an office in Huntington, West Virginia. The decision to move to Huntington came at the encouragement of clients and allowed the firm to continue to expand the practice in southeastern Ohio. In 2007, Steptoe & Johnson opened its first regional office in Columbus, Ohio, thus expanding its presence as a regional law firm with particular strengths in energy, labor, litigation, and business. In January 2009, Susan S. Brewer succeeded Robert M. Steptoe, Jr. as the CEO and managing partner of the firm while becoming the first female managing member of a major West Virginia law firm. Under her direction, the firm opened an office in Lexington, Kentucky in June 2010, adding an eighth location.The 2010sIn August 2010, after 97 years in its original location, the firm’s Clarksburg office was moved to the newly erected Steptoe & Johnson office building in the White Oaks business park in Bridgeport, West Virginia. In September 2010, Steptoe & Johnson acquired the energy practice group of the western Pennsylvania firm of Culbertson, Weiss, Schetroma and Schug, P.C. (CWSS), opening its first Pennsylvania office and its ninth regional office. In October 2010, Steptoe & Johnson acquired the Columbus based firm of Carpenter Lane and integrated their litigation and business practices into its Columbus office. In December 2010, the firm opened its tenth office, and its second office in Pennsylvania. The office, located in the Southpointe Business Park in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, was opened to serve the needs of the burgeoning Marcellus shale gas industry. In 2013, Steptoe & Johnson opened their Canton, Ohio office and their second location in The Woodlands, a planned business community in the Houston, Texas area.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Offices[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Offices" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Steptoe & Johnson PLLC has 14 offices in the continental U.S.:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a><ol type="square" style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeport,West_Virginia" title="Bridgeport, West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bridgeport</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">West Virginia</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton,Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Canton</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ohio</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston,West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Charleston</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">West Virginia</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Columbus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ohio</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver,Colorado" title="Denver, Colorado" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Denver</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Colorado</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston,Texas" title="Houston, Texas" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Houston</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Texas</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Woodlands,Texas" title="The Woodlands, Texas" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Woodlands</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Texas</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington,West_Virginia" title="Huntington, West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Huntington</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">West Virginia</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington,Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Lexington</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Kentucky</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinsburg,West_Virginia" title="Martinsburg, West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Martinsburg</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">West Virginia</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadville,Pennsylvania" title="Meadville, Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Meadville</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pennsylvania</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgantown,West_Virginia" title="Morgantown, West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Morgantown</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">West Virginia</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonsburg,Pennsylvania" title="Canonsburg, Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Canonsburg/Southpointe</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Pennsylvania</a>
</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeling,West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Wheeling</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">West Virginia</a>
</li></ol><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">General Timeline[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: General Timeline" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1913 Steptoe & Johnson founded in Clarksburg, West Virginia</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1928 Charleston, West Virginia office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1945 Washington, DC office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1980 Firm amicably splits into two separate firms (Steptoe & Johnson PLLC, Steptoe & Johnson LLP)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1988 Morgantown, West Virginia office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1990 Martinsburg, West Virginia office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1994 Wheeling, West Virginia office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2003 Huntington, West Virginia office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2007 Columbus, Ohio office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2009 Lexington, Kentucky office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2010 Meadville, Pennsylvania office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2010 Southpointe, Pennsylvania office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2010 Relocation of Clarksburg office to Bridgeport, WV</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2011 Houston, Texas office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2013 Canton, Ohio office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2013 Houston, Texas "Woodlands" office opened</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2013 Denver, Colorado office opened</li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">External links[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Steptoe & Johnson PLLC website</a></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;">References[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/contact" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/contact</a></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/aboutus" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/aboutus</a></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/aboutus" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/aboutus</a></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chambersandpartners.com/USA/Firms/79110-36457" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">http://www.chambersandpartners.com/USA/Firms/79110-36457</a></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.law360.com/articles/135538" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.law360.com/articles/135538</a></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.law360.com/articles/135539" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.law360.com/articles/135539</a></li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.law360.com/articles/135541" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.law360.com/articles/135541</a></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_A.Johnson" title="Louis A. Johnson" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Louis A. Johnson</a></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe%26_Johnson_PLLC#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/contact/default.aspx" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/contact/default.aspx</a></li></ol>9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/business-essentials/default.aspx" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.steptoe-johnson.com/business-essentials/default.aspx</a></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks" style=""><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1913_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1913 establishments in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1913 establishments in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Law_firms_established_in_1913" title="Category:Law firms established in 1913" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Law firms established in 1913</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Law_firms_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Law firms of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Law firms of the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks" style=""><ul style="line-height: 1.6; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;">-=</ul></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>