LEXICON - A

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ALPHABET OF NUG-SOTH

See Nug-Soth.

ANGELL , GEORG E GAMMELL TO ARKHA M ANGELL, GEORGE GAMMELL

(1857-1926). Professor Emeritus of Semitic Languages at Brown University, who succumbed to a heart attack on November 23, 1926. Angell pioneered the research on the worldwide Cthulhu cult. Subsequent scholars, beginning with his nephew Francis Thurston, have built their conclusions upon this man's work. He is also known for the creation of a library classification system dedicated to esoteric works. See Cthulhu; R'lyeh; Thurston, Francis Wayland. ("The Call of Cthulhu" (graphic adaptation), Coulthart and Lovecraft; "The Call of Cthulhu", Lovecraft (O); "The Atrocity Archives", Stross.)

ANGLES OF TAGH CLATUR.

Set of incantations that may bring beings from the Other Side to this world. Only the reversed angles, which make these creatures partly corporeal, may be used before the stars are right. (Some Egyptian high priests may have known these ceremonies and used them to bring Glaaki to Earth temporarily before his later physical arrival on a meteorite.) The Reversed Angles may also be used to provide protection against such beings. See Glaaki. ("The Inhabitant of the Lake", Campbell (O); "The Render of the Veils", Campbell, "Something in the Moonlight", Carter.)

ANTARKTOS, MOUNT.

Mountain located near the South Pole, beneath which dwells the Great Old One Gol-goroth. See Gol-goroth. ("The Fishers from Outside", Carter; "Antarktos", Lovecraft (O).)

APHOOM ZHAH.

Flame-being spawned by Cthugha after that Great Old One was imprisoned. Aphoom Zhah appears as a gray flickering flame that freezes whatever it touches. After leaving Fomalhaut, Aphoom Zhah spent some time on Yaksh before finally coming to Earth on Mount Yarak (or Yaanek) at the North Pole. According to the Pnakotic Manuscripts, the Elder Gods found him there and bound him in a deep pit beneath it. Aphoom Zhah poured out cold in its fury, freezing the land around it. This being was later responsible for directing Rlim Shaikorth to destroy the land of Mhu Thulan. In years to come, Aphoom Zhah himself created the cold which destroyed Hyperborea, Zobna, and Lomar. Aphoom Zhah is believed to have spawned Gnoph-keh, Rhan-Tegoth, and Voorm. The Gnophkeh and the voormis are known to revere it, but it has no known human cult attached to it. See Remnants of Lost Empires; Rlim Shaikorth; Voormish Tablets; Yaanek. ("Acolyte of the Flame", Carter; "Zoth-Ommog", Carter (O); "The Light from the Pole", Carter and Smith.)

ARKHAM.

Town located on the Miskatonic River in Essex County, Massachusetts. Arkham was founded in the latter 17th century by freethinkers who found the area's religious communities too strict. Its name might derive from that of the Arkham family, who numbered among the town's first inhabitants. The town grew slowly at first, with agriculture being the primary source of revenue. Around the year 1692, the witchcraft-fever that swept Salem also touched Arkham. The Arkham authorities sent at least one witch, Keziah Mason, to Salem for trial, and Goody Fowler was hung by an angry mob upon her return to town in 1704. During the middle of the 18th century, Arkham became a thriving seaport. It was one of the town's most influential captains, Jeremiah Orne, who imparted the books and funds that led to the founding of Miskatonic Liberal College. By the beginning of the 19th century, the sea trade had failed, but many mills began to spring up upon the banks of the Miskatonic. In 1861, Miskatonic Liberal College, which already enjoyed the highest reputation, became Miskatonic University, an institution that became the town's most famous landmark. The flood of 1888 and the typhoid outbreak of 1905 led to a serious decline in the town's fortunes. Mostly due to the revenue generated by the University, Arkham was able to recover and flourish until the disastrous storm and flood of 1980, which destroyed much of the town. Different accounts of Arkham's present conditions exist; some say that the town is rundown and serves as a suburb to nearby Beverly, while others tell of its booming population and Miskatonic's state-of-the-art facilities. In either case, the town is a paradise for the scholar and antiquarian, but offers little for the casual traveler. See Armitage, Henry; Aylesbury; Aylesbury Pike; Azathoth and Other Horrors; Billington's Wood; Bolton; Brown Jenkin; Carter, Randolph; Cult of the Skull; Derby, Edward Pickman; Dewart, Ambrose; Fowler, Goody; Gilman, Walter; Hoag, Wilbur; Kingsport; Mason, Keziah; Meadow Hill; Miskatonic River; Miskatonic University; Phillips, Ward; Shrewsbury, Laban; Smith, Morgan; S'ngac; Thaumurgatical Prodigies; Themystos' Island; Theron Marks Society; Upton, Daniel; Wilmarth, Albert; Witch-House. (Arkham Unveiled, Herber; A Resection of Time, Johnson; "Season of the Witch", Launius; "The Dreams in the Witch-House", Lovecraft; "The Dunwich Horror", Lovecraft; "Herbert West—Reanimator", Lovecraft; "The Picture in the House", Lovecraft (O); The Transition of Titus Crow, Lumley; "The Fall of Cthulhu", Nelson.)

ARMITAGE, HENRY (1855-1939/1946?). One-time head librarian at Miskatonic University, and the author of Notes toward a Bibliography of World Occultism, Mysticism, and Magic (Miskatonic University Press, 1927), and Devils and Demons in the Miskatonic Valley. Armitage s childhood remains a mystery; scurrilous rumors have circulated that he came from Innsmouth and that his parents were killed in the government raid on that town. Armitage attended Miskatonic University (Class of 1881), later obtaining his doctorate at Princeton and his Doctor of Letters degree at Cambridge. The young man first became interested in uncanny subjects in 1882 when he heard of a mysterious meteor which had landed near Arkliam. This occurrence led him to obtain a copy of the Necronomicon for the library and consult it for the first time. Later, Armitage returned to this volume to solve the mysterious death of Wilbur Whateley, a correspondent of his who lived in Dunwich and had been killed in the library. With the aid of Professors Rice and Morgan, he put an end to the horror that had ravaged Dunwich. His health failed thereafter, and he was relieved of his station in favor of Cyrus Llanfer some time before 1936, though he appears to have continued at the library in some capacity. The circumstances around Armitage's death remain unclear. One source states that he perished while trying to save the Rare Book collection from a fire in 1939, though others maintain he worked for U. S. intelligence during World War II. Another says that he died in 1946 of a heart attack brought on by being knocked down by the guard dogs outside the library. See Dunwich; Llanfer, Cyrus; Morgan, Francis; Whateley, Wilbur; Wilmarth, Albert. ("The Seven Cities of Gold", Burnham; "The House of Azathoth", Cannon; "Zoth-Ommog", Carter; Arkham Unveiled, Herber; A Resection of Time, Johnson; "The Terror from the Depths", Leiber; "The Dunwich Horror", Lovecraft (O); "The Black Brat of Dunwich", Sargent; Ex Libris Miskatonici, Stanley; "Stacked Actors", Worthy.) ATAL. High priest of the Elder Gods in Ulthar. Atal was born the son of an innkeeper but apprenticed to Barzai, Ulthar's priest of the gods of Earth. He accompanied Barzai on his climb of Mount Hatheg-Kla. Atal himself is now High Priest there and still presides over worship, though he is over three hundred years old. He keeps many secrets but is known to divulge them when in his cups. See Barrier of Naach-Tith; Barzai; Hatheg-Kla; Ulthar. ("The Cats of Ulthar", Lovecraft (O); "The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath", Lovecraft; "The Other Gods", Lovecraft.)

ATLANTIS.

AVALOTH.

Being referred to in the fifth Eltdown Shard, and known for its voracious appetite. Avaloth created a great sheet of ice that crept south and threatened to cover the entire world. The wizard Om Oris pitted his might against Avaloth, and presumably caused its destruction by means of a tremendous source of heat. Some have said that "Avaloth" is actually the secret name of Ithaqua. See Eltdown Shards. ("Wrath of the Wind-Walker", Ambuehl and Price; Selected Letters V, Lovecraft; "The Warder of Knowledge", Searight (O).) AVEROIGNE. South central French province more commonly known as Auvergne, and considered to be the most witch-ridden in the entire country. The Annales of Flavius Alesius state that the land was settled in the time of the Gauls by the Averones, a people who originally dwelt in a western land which sank beneath the ocean. During the Roman period, the towns of Simaesis and Avionium (known later as Ximes and Vyones, respectively) were greatly feared due to the presence of cults dedicated to a god called Sadoqua. The Church attempted to suppress this worship, but by the eleventh century many highly placed churchman of the region had taken up these older practices and little could be done. Undoubtedly the most famous inhabitant of Averoigne was Gaspard du Nord of Vyones, a reputed wizard who translated the Book of Eibon into Norman French in the thirteenth or fourteenth century. This volume, when put into such an accessible form, resulted in a resurgence of sorcery for the region that never quite came to an end. [Auvergne is indeed a French province; though not lying within it, it is possible that the nearby cities of Lyons and Limoges became Vyones and Ximes, respectively, in Smith's imagination. Lyons was the site of a witch-trial, and Auvergne itself has at least one werewolf legend to its credit.]  See Book ofEibon; Chateau des Faussesflammes; Du Nord, Gaspard; Ring of Eibon; Tsathoggua. (Selected Letters V, Lovecraft; "The Colossus of Ylourgne", Smith; "The End of the Story", Smith (O).)

AYLESBURY.

Town in north central Massachusetts. An Arkham industrialist, Elihu Beckworth, founded the town on the site of the former village of Broton in 1802. Beckford built a town based on his vision of a Utopian factory community and funded construction of the Aylesbury Pike. Beckford s ideal community perished with him, but the town continued to grow, primarily due to the textile industry. By the end of the century, most of the production of these goods had moved south, and Aylesbury's economy slumped. Today, there is little to distinguish Aylesbury from any number of small manufacturing centers in New England. See Aylesbury Pike; Dean's Corners; Dunwich. (Return to Dunwich, Herber, "The Dunwich Horror", Lovecraft (O).)

AYLESBURY PIKE. Road built by industrialist Elihu Beckford which runs from Arkham and follows the Miskatonic River west to Aylesbury. Travelers along the Pike should be careful near Dean's Corners not to take the wrong fork that leads to Dunwich. See Billington's Wood. (Return to Dunwich, Herber; "The Dunwich Horror", Lovecraft (O).)

AZAG-THOTH. See Azathoth.

AZATHI.

AZATHOTH AND OTHER HORRORS.

Book of Edward Derby's poetry, and the only one to be published within his lifetime. The identity of the publishers remain unclear; some say that it was put out in 1919 by Onyx Sphinx Press of Arkham, Massachusetts (possibly Derby's own imprint), while others maintain that a Cambridge firm published it in 1916, putting out several more editions before it went bankrupt in 1931. More recently, Bagdasarian's imprint Azathoth House put out a new edition in the spring of 1946. The work "Azathoth", which takes up half the volume, describes a dreamencounter with the daemon-sultan Azathoth. Other poems included are "Nemesis Rising", "Charnel House", "Dead but Not Gone", and "Medusa's Kiss". While relatively unknown, Azathoth and Other Horrors influenced several other books, including Georg Fischer's The Tunneler Below. See Derby, Edward Pickman; Dho-Hna formula; The Tunneler Below; Waite, Asenath. ("The House of Azathoth", Cannon; "The Revenge of Azathoth", Cannon; "Azathoth", 'Derby'; Keeper's Compendium, Herber; "The Terror from the Depths", Leiber; "The Thing on the Doorstep", Lovecraft (O).) AZATHOTH, BOOK OF. See Book of Azathoth.

AZATHOTH, SEED OF. See Seed of Azathoth.