canvas ctr appl non-v act & strat

<div><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/divide-and-conquer-unpacking-stratfors-rise-to-power/165933/">https://www.mintpressnews.com/divide-and-conquer-unpacking-stratfors-rise-to-power/165933/</a></div><div>
</div><div><div class="entry-content" itemprop="text" style="box-sizing: border-box;">This is part one of an exclusive Mint Press News investigation into the story of Stratfor. Don’t miss <a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/stratfor-strategies-how-to-win-the-media-war-against-grassroots-activists/166078/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">part 2</a>.On Christmas Day 2011, the <a href="http://www.amazon.com/We-Are-Anonymous-LulzSec-Insurgency/dp/0316213527" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">hacktivist collective Anonymous</a> ruined the day for a security firm that, throughout much of its history, enjoyed operating in the shadows.The firm: <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Strategic Forecasting, Inc</a>., an Austin, Texas-based intelligence-collecting contracting company better known as Stratfor. Its <a href="http://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/5940_gv-master-client-list-15-march-07-.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">clients include some of the most profitable multinational corporations</a> on the planet, such as the American Petroleum Institute, Archer Daniels Midland, Dow Chemical, Duke Energy, Northrop Grumman, Intel and Coca-Cola.<a href="http://news.yahoo.com/anonymous-hackers-target-us-security-think-tank-190846242.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Anonymous hacked into the content management system of Stratfor’s computer system</a>, eventually <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/27/wikileaks-stratfor-emails-published_n_1303238.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">handing over 5.2 million emails and accompanying attachments</a> to WikiLeaks, which coined the database the “<a href="http://wikileaks.org/gifiles/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Global Intelligence Files</a>.”Working through an <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/03/sabu-fbi-anonymous-hacker-informant" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">informant named “Sabu,”</a> who posed as a fellow “comrade,” federal officials tracked down the hacktivist responsible for the leak, Chicago’s <a href="http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-jeremy-hammond-enemy-of-the-state-20121207" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Jeremy Hammond</a>, just three months later.In March 2012, <a href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-03-06/business/chi-chicago-raid-linked-to-hacking-arrests-20120306_1_cyber-attack-lulzsec-antisec" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">the FBI raided Hammond’s apartment and handed him charges</a>. After more than a year of sitting in the Manhattan Correctional Center, <a href="http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2013/05/28/jeremy-hammond-pleads-guilty-to-being-involved-in-the-stratfor-leak/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Hammond eventually settled out of court</a> in May 2013. He pleaded guilty to violating the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and his sentence will be handed down on Sept. 6. He may serve up to 10 years in prison.Stratfor’s precursor, Pagan International, built the corporate public relations playbook still utilized by the firm today.The goal of a corporate PR plan “must be to separate the fanatic activist leaders … from the overwhelming majority of their followers: decent, concerned people who are willing to judge us on the basis of our openness and usefulness,” <a href="http://www.multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1982/09/bartimole.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Pagan stated in 1982</a>, fully understanding that the public should never know this was the game plan.Hammond — perhaps without knowing every detail of the history of the playbook itself — essentially cited it as the rationale behind his Stratfor hack and leak to WikiLeaks.“I believe in the power of the truth. In keeping with that, I do not want to hide what I did or to shy away from my actions,” he <a href="http://freejeremy.net/press-release/statement-from-jeremy-regarding-his-plea/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">stated in a press release announcing the plea deal</a>. “I believe people have a right to know what governments and corporations are doing behind closed doors.”In this investigation, Mint Press examines Stratfor’s rise to power and its use of the “divide and conquer” philosophy to take on some of the largest boycott movements against multinational corporations. <h3 dir="ltr" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">‘Divide and conquer’</h3>The story of Stratfor begins with a short-lived but deeply influential firm called <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Pagan_International" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Pagan International</a>.If there’s a short description of the modus operandi of Stratfor’s predecessors, military-like “divide and conquer” perceptions management — or rough-and-tumble public relations — is it.That’s not by accident. Two of Pagan’s co-founders started their careers doing covert work for the U.S. military. <a href="http://truth-out.org/news/item/7153:fracking-and-psychological-operations-empire-comes-home" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Modern public relations got its start in military psychological operations</a>, or psy-ops. “Divide and conquer” is <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-divide-and-rule--americas-plan-for-baghdad-444178.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">one of the tenets laid out in the “U.S. Counterinsurgency Field Manual.”</a>Pagan International was named after Rafael D. Pagan Jr., who joined the U.S. Army in 1951 and spent two decades doing upper-level military intelligence work. He used it as a launching point into the corporate PR world.“A former Army intelligence officer, the Potomac resident briefed Presidents Kennedy and Johnson on the Soviet bloc’s military and economic capabilities. He advised Presidents Nixon, Reagan and Bush on policies promoting Third World social and economic development,” <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155215860/Rafael-Pagan-Obituary" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">explains his 1993 obituary in The Washington Times</a>.Upon leaving the Pentagon, Pagan got three public relations jobs for corporations seeking markets for their products in the developing world.“Pagan began his international business career in 1970 as a senior executive in new business development with three major multinational companies, International Nickel of Canada (now Inco), Castle & Cooke (now Dole), and Nestle,” <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155215860/Rafael-Pagan-Obituary" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">according to his obituary</a>. “He specialized in addressing conflicts for multinational companies seeking to invest and operate in Third World countries.”Pagan followed in the footsteps of the father of modern public relations, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cW_rIdd69W8" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Edward Bernays</a>, who helped with the PR surrounding <a href="http://www.prwatch.org/node/9834" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">United Fruit Company’s work with the U.S. government to foment a coup in 1954 in Honduras</a>. <a href="http://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=159399&dt=2476&dl=1345" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Pagan also did PR for Castle & Cooke in Honduras</a>.Pagan’s experiences working in the Honduran “banana republic” under the U.S.-installed right-wing, corporate-friendly military dictatorship would suit him well for his the next step of his career: doing the PR bidding of multinational corporate behemoth Nestle. <h3 dir="ltr" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">The playbook in action for Nestle</h3>Speaking at the April 1982 Public Affairs Council conference to his colleagues in the PR industry, Pagan revealed the skeleton of the playbook that would last all the way through the Stratfor days.Pagan International arose out of the ashes of a controversial Nestle public relations campaign named, in Orwellian fashion, the “<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/06/magazine/the-controversy-over-infant-formula.html?scp=1821&sq=antibodies&st=nyt&pagewanted=2" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Nestle Coordination Center for Nutrition</a>.” It was co-run by Pagan and Jack Mongoven.<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155264654/PR-Strategist-John-Mongoven-Dies" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Mongoven was once a reporter</a> for The Chicago Tribune and served as an executive editor of Pioneer Newspapers before becoming a spokesman for the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and then the Republican National Committee.Nestle’s Coordination Center for Nutrition began in 1980 as a major public relations effort designed to fend off complaints and an eventual international boycott. Criticism of Nestle was spearheaded by the British group War on Want, which tracked the company’s marketing of powdered baby milk in the developing world in a 1974 investigation called <a href="http://www.waronwant.org/attachments/THE%20BABY%20KILLER%201974.pdf" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">“The Baby Killer.”</a>Nestle had decided the developing world would be a good place to sell its baby formula, despite the fact that the formula interrupted women’s lactation process and prevented their breasts from producing enough milk.“Women who were induced to use [the] formula in place of breast milk often had no choice but to dilute the formula with contaminated water, leading to diarrhea, dehydration and death among … infants,” explain John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton in their book, “<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Toxic-Sludge-Good-For-You/dp/1567510604" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Toxic Sludge Is Good for You! Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry</a>.”This behavior by Nestle created a global uproar and eventually planted the seeds of a boycott by more than 700 churches and activist groups.Mongoven and Pagan — under the auspices of the Coordination Center for Nutrition, which <a href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/xfl95b00/pdf?search=%22mr%20pagan%20daniel%20a%20milway%22" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">shared office space with The Tobacco Institute</a>, according to Legacy Tobacco Archive Library documents — decided the best response to the burgeoning social movement was to divide and conquer it.One of their first strategies was to peel off some of strongest supporters of the anti-Nestle campaign — educators.“Some of the boycott’s strongest support came from teachers, represented by the National Teachers Association, so NCCN courted support from American Federation of Teachers, a smaller, more conservative rival union,” wrote Stauber and Rampton.Nestle also won over an ally from the inside of another institutional opponent: churches.“To counter the churches involved in the boycott, they needed to find a strong church that would take their side,” Stauber and Rampton further explained. “The United Methodists were supporting the boycott, but through negotiations and piecemeal concessions, Nestle gradually succeeded in winning them over.”To make amends, Nestle worked with the <a href="http://articles.latimes.com/1988-11-17/business/fi-88_1_infant-formula" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Infant Formula Audit Commission</a> to ensure its global marketing practices were in line with World Health Organization rules. It was chaired by Edmund Muskie, a former U.S. senator and U.S. secretary of state under President Jimmy Carter.The problem: Nestle created the commission, funded it and called all the shots. Few equipped with this knowledge were surprised when the commission concluded “the company has not been improperly ‘dumping’ baby formula on Third World hospitals,” as <a href="http://articles.latimes.com/1988-11-17/business/fi-88_1_infant-formula" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">explained in The Los Angeles Times</a>.Muskie’s audit commission — or, better put, Nestle’s — is now seen as a “model” for corporations seeking to defuse sticky communication crises, as documented in a <a href="http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1706252&show=pdf" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">1986 article in the Journal for Business Strategy</a>.For his successful efforts running what <a href="http://dare.uva.nl/document/446098" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">he would later describe</a> as “a responsive, accurate corporate issue and trends warning system [with] analysis capability,” Pagan <a href="http://www.prsa.org/SearchResults/view/6BW-8611/0/The_Nestle_Case_Resolving_an_International_Public" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">received the Public Relations Society of America’s prestigious Silver Anvil Award</a>. Other industries have followed similar strategies, such as the shale gas industry’s “<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/%E2%80%98energy-depth%E2%80%99-was-created-major-oil-and-gas-companies-according-industry-memo" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Energy in Depth</a>” and corporate education reform’s “<a href="http://dianeravitch.net/2012/06/14/stand-for-children-does-not-stand-for-public-education/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Stand for Children</a>.” <h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Pagan International is born</h3>Hot off a major victory over advocacy groups nationwide and having learned much from the “war,” Pagan and Mongoven hopped off the Nestle gravy train and started their own firm in 1985: Pagan International.“The strong influence public and social issues today have on commercial operations has created a need for companies to evaluate carefully national and international policies affecting business,” Pagan said in a <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155245388/Pagan-International-Launch-Press-Release-May-1985" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">1985 press release announcing the firm’s launch</a>.That <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155245388/Pagan-International-Launch-Press-Release-May-1985" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">press release further boasted</a> of “an international business socio-political database” it had developed during the time of the Nestle battle royale, referring to its <a href="http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1987-05-10/business/8701290860_1_boycotts-rain-forest-animal-rights" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">short-lived International Barometer database and newsletter</a> and foreshadowing the database and newsletter Stratfor would market just over a decade later.“Pagan said that this system enables [the firm] to advise clients on national and international trends and movements that can adversely affect corporations,” the press release further explains. “This gives the companies an opportunity to enter into public discussions and help define the parameters of the debate early on, rather than just react to agendas thrust upon them by activists and other groups.”Enjoying a <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155238314/Ex-Nestle-firm-goes-bankrupt" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">client list during its brief lifetime that included</a> Dow Chemical, Novartis, Chevron and the government of Puerto Rico, Pagan International was hired by Royal Dutch Shell to fend off another international boycott for the company’s work with the apartheid regime in South Africa.Activists demanded Shell stop doing business with South Africa until it was no longer an apartheid state, threatening a boycott if it failed to comply. Shell chose to continue “business as usual.”The resulting boycott served as a business opportunity for Pagan International, which stepped in and — as it did with Nestle — sought to divide and conquer the boycott movement. Shell hired Pagan and Mongoven to do so under a now-notorious <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155248143/South-Africa-U-S-Clergy-Group-Linked-to-Shell-Oil" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">268-page document called the “Neptune Strategy.”</a>“Neptune Strategy” was <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19871001&id=Ja9AAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=7150,3890252" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">leaked to the press in 1987</a>, greatly embarrassing both Shell and Pagan International. Paralleling the Muskie audit commission, Pagan’s “Neptune Strategy” created an industry front group called the Coalition on Southern Africa — which <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155248143/South-Africa-U-S-Clergy-Group-Linked-to-Shell-Oil" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">shared office space and a phone line with Pagan</a> — to divide boycott supporters into an overarching movement settling for weaker demands.“Pagan … proposed that Shell ‘develop a task force’ of South Africans, church leaders, U.S. activists and executives that could issue a statement about the company’s role in helping South Africa’s blacks prepare for life after apartheid,” <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155248143/South-Africa-U-S-Clergy-Group-Linked-to-Shell-Oil" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">according to a 1987 piece appearing in Inter-Press Service</a>. “And Pagan singled out key black activists and church leaders to help it carry out its plan.”In the “Neptune Strategy,” Pagan outlined a strategy that fit the familiar pattern: isolate and then conquer the “fanatic activist leaders.”“[P]ost-apartheid planning should deflect anti-apartheid groups attention away from the boycott and divestment efforts and direct their vision and efforts into productive channels,” <a href="http://www.unz.org/Pub/InTheseTimes-1988feb10-00012" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">explained the “Neptune Strategy.”</a>“Productive,” according to Pagan, is anything that would ensure Shell continues to produce high profit margins. After taking a beating by churches during the Nestle boycott, Pagan realized its bottom line hinged upon churches supporting Shell as it conducted business with apartheid South Africa.“[M]obilized members of the religious communions provide a ‘critical mass’ of public opinion and economic leverage that should not be taken lightly,” <a href="http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/resource/engineering-consent" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Pagan wrote in the “Neptune Strategy.</a>” “If they join the boycott and pressure for divestment, it will become a radically different and far more costly problem than it now is.”Pagan International’s reputation soured after “Project Neptune” was revealed to the public and the <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155238314/Ex-Nestle-firm-goes-bankrupt" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">firm lost the $800,000 of income</a> it was receiving through its contract with Shell. Pagan also <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155238314/Ex-Nestle-firm-goes-bankrupt" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">lost other key clientele after “Neptune” was exposed</a>.In 1990, Pagan shut its doors for good and <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155238314/Ex-Nestle-firm-goes-bankrupt" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">filed for bankruptcy</a>, opening the doors for ascendancy of the firm that would later merge into Stratfor: Mongoven, Biscoe & Duchin.This is part one of an exclusive Mint Press News investigation into the story of Stratfor; here’s the second part, <a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/stratfor-strategies-how-to-win-the-media-war-against-grassroots-activists/166078/" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">“How To Win The Media War Against Grassroots Activists: Stratfor’s Strategies.”</a>  TAGS:</div><div data-js="social-icons-bar-reload" data-post_id="165933" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><footer class="entry-footer" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="article-tags" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: normal; width: 712px; clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 10px; display: inline-block; background-image: ; background-position-x: ; background-position-y: ; background-size: ; background-repeat-x: ; background-repeat-y: ; background-attachment: ; background-origin: ; background-clip: ; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/tag/apartheid/" rel="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">APARTHEID</a></li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 10px; display: inline-block; background-image: ; background-position-x: ; background-position-y: ; background-size: ; background-repeat-x: ; background-repeat-y: ; background-attachment: ; background-origin: ; background-clip: ; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/tag/boycott/" rel="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">BOYCOTT</a></li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 10px; display: inline-block; background-image: ; background-position-x: ; background-position-y: ; background-size: ; background-repeat-x: ; background-repeat-y: ; background-attachment: ; background-origin: ; background-clip: ; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/tag/nestle/" rel="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">NESTLE</a></li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 10px; display: inline-block; background-image: ; background-position-x: ; background-position-y: ; background-size: ; background-repeat-x: ; background-repeat-y: ; background-attachment: ; background-origin: ; background-clip: ; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/tag/pagan-international/" rel="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">PAGAN INTERNATIONAL</a></li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 10px; display: inline-block; background-image: ; background-position-x: ; background-position-y: ; background-size: ; background-repeat-x: ; background-repeat-y: ; background-attachment: ; background-origin: ; background-clip: ; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/tag/public-relations/" rel="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">PUBLIC RELATIONS</a></li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 10px; display: inline-block; background-image: ; background-position-x: ; background-position-y: ; background-size: ; background-repeat-x: ; background-repeat-y: ; background-attachment: ; background-origin: ; background-clip: ; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/tag/shell/" rel="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">SHELL</a></li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 10px; display: inline-block; background-image: ; background-position-x: ; background-position-y: ; background-size: ; background-repeat-x: ; background-repeat-y: ; background-attachment: ; background-origin: ; background-clip: ; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;"><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/tag/stratfor/" rel="tag" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase;">STRATFOR</a></li></ul></div></footer><div><div>=</div><div><a href="https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/17/1797625_fwd-non-violence-manual-.html">https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/17/1797625_fwd-non-violence-manual-.html</a></div><div>
</div><div>Monday February 27th, 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing The Global Intelligence Files, over five million e-mails from the Texas headquartered "global intelligence" company Stratfor. The e-mails date between July 2004 and late December 2011. They reveal the inner workings of a company that fronts as an intelligence publisher, but provides confidential intelligence services to large corporations, such as Bhopal's Dow Chemical Co., Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon and government agencies, including the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Marines and the US Defence Intelligence Agency. The emails show Stratfor's web of informers, pay-off structure, payment laundering techniques and psychological methods.<h2 style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 12px 10px 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Fwd: Non-violence manual</h2>Released on 2013-02-13 00:00 GMT<table width="100%" class="cable" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); max-width: 100%; width: 740px; margin-top: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); text-align: justify;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><th style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Email-ID</th><td style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">1797625</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><th style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Date</th><td style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">1970-01-01 01:00:00</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><th style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">From</th><td style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">marko.papic@stratfor.com</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><th style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">To</th><td style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">fred.burton@stratfor.com</td></tr></tbody></table><div id="doc-description" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Fwd: Non-violence manual Info on CANVAS (Otpor) Background: Otpor (means â€œresistanceâ€ in Serbian) was founded in October of 1998 at the University of Belgrade. At first it was a student protest group (mainly concerned with Milosevicâ€™s repressive media and university laws), but quickly expanded into a national underground resistance movement during the 2000 Presidential elections. Many of its members were arrested in 2000 in the run-up to the elections, Milosevic branded them terrorists. This all backfired as most of Otpor members were young students from the university. Otpor first tried to brand itself as an anti-corruption NGO, while some of its members went into politics (such as Srdja Popovic, who won a seat in the Parliament in 2000 and was an environmental advisor to the Djindjic government). They finally reconstituted themselves as a political party in 2003, but failed miserably to attract any votes. CANVAS (http://www.canvasopedia.org/) is a spin-off of Otpor and was founded by Srdja Popovic and Ivan Marovic in late 2003 after Srdja Popovic left the Djindjic government (who was assassinated in March 2003). They have been involved with numerous pro-democracy movements around the world (most effectively in Ukraine and Georgia, but they were also in Belarus, Venezuela, Zimbabwe, Iran, Lebanon, Azerbaijan and Tibet). They use Gene Sharpâ€™s non-violence theory and give it their own spin (to check out their manual on non-violence, go here: http://www.canvasopedia.org/content/weaponry/intro.htm) They are supported by the Albert Einstein Institution (founded by Gene Sharp), Democracy Research Guide, International Center on Nonviolent Conflict Resources, International Republican Institute and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. They may have also received CIA funding and training during the 1999/2000 anti-Milosevic struggle. The piece we did on them last fall is attached at the end of the document. Potential Benefits from Stratfor-CANVAS Cooperation What they want from us: Canvas appreciates the media attention. The article we did on them in October 2007 definitely pleased them (so much so that it was prominently displayed on their own website for a while). They may be looking for more of this. What we can get from them: They would be a great source of contacts. They have met with most of the active student anti-regime organizations that matter. They could furnish us with contacts and introductions that we could tap whenever we need timely information. As a source themselves, CANVAS probably does not have the ability to provide us with on the spot information (except maybe on Serbia). They can offer their opinion and analysis, but they are much more valuable as a source of contacts. We can also get a better picture of who in the US funds these types of groups. The key players: SRDJA POPOVIC Srdja is a native of Belgrade, son of a prominent TV reported and a popular news anchor on state television. His main responsibilities in Otpor (which he was a founding member of) were human resources and training. He studied Gene Sharpâ€™s works at the university, so he translated his texts and put them into practice. His main field of study was biology. He is considered the brainchild of the anti-Milosevic non-violent revolution in Serbia. He mostly worked behind the scenes of Otpor, writing speeches and manuals (most of the texts on CANVASâ€™s website are his writing). After he became an MP in 2000 with the Djindjic government he became an environmental advisor. Was also the founder of an environmental NGO called the Green Fist. SINISA SIKMAN One of the main trainers of Canvas, also an ex-Otpor member. He was directly involved in the training of the Georgian and Ukrainian anti-government student groups. Has also been quoted numerous times by Western media in relation to Canvas/Otpor international activities. Has once stated that Otpor did receive CIA funding. SLOBODAN DJINOVIC Also an ex-Otpor member, he was very active in the run-up to the Georgian revolution. He is also the founder and President of Mediaworks, a Belgrade based IT company that immediately following the defeat of Slobodan Milosevic received very profitable frequency permits from the government. According to some Belgrade sources he was the main link to a lot of the US funding, especially with the International Republican Institute. Venezuela: The Marigold Revolution? October 5, 2007 | 2121 GMT Summary</div><div id="doc-description" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Another color revolution may be forming â€” in Latin America. Analysis Our story begins in 1999, when a small group of Serbian college students took a look at the government of then-Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic and decided that enough was enough. They began regular protests against Milosevicâ€™s authoritarian rule and began to act as a nexus, coordinating their efforts with other dissident groups and minor political parties. In early 2000 they named their student activist group Otpor. Within months, Otporâ€™s invigorating and slick campaign tactics helped energize and unite various political factions and bind them together into a confederated anti-Milosevic movement. And in October of that year, Milosevicâ€™s government fell. After its greatest hour, Otpor did not dissolve. It evolved. It remained active in demanding political accountability at home in Belgrade, but also stretched out internationally, seeking training and allies. As the organizationâ€™s founders graduated from university the group became more nuanced and gradually grew to command a broader and deeper skill set. Otpor strengthened its connections with Western governments and nongovernmental organizations, which provided the group with funding and limited amounts of intelligence about potential weaknesses in regimes they were already targeting. The tactics used in the crucible in Belgrade were â€œmarketedâ€ in documentaries and training manuals. Otpor became more than â€œjustâ€ a student group and transformed itself into the Center for Applied Non-Violent Action and Strategies (CANVAS). Among the groupâ€™s strongest allies are Freedom House and the Albert Einstein Institute and, through them, the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. Department of State. In 2003 CANVAS worked with the opposition in the former Soviet state of Georgia and helped foment the Rose Revolution. In 2004 similar efforts merged with a broader international effort to spur Ukraineâ€™s Orange Revolution and Kyrgyzstanâ€™s Tulip Revolution. Not all of CANVASâ€™s attempts proved successful. Efforts in Belarus, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan, for example, bore no fruit. But the groupâ€™s ability to mobilize and unite disparate factions and strike at the core of authoritarian systems are among the best on the planet.</div><div id="doc-description" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> In 2005, CANVAS turned its attention to Venezuela, and on Oct. 5 â€” the seventh anniversary of Milosevicâ€™s fall â€” five student leaders from Venezuela arrived in Belgrade for training.</div><div id="doc-description" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Demographically, Venezuela is very young, and thus in political terms student groups are potentially powerful. Additionally, the student movement is probably the most cohesive single faction within the Venezuelan opposition to President Hugo Chavez ” which is itself perhaps the most ineffective and fractured opposition in Latin America. Venezuelan students only recently became active in anti-Chavez activities, and formed the backbone of opposition to decision to not renew the broadcasting license of RCTV, the country's only meaningful private television station.</div><div id="doc-description" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Success is by no means guaranteed, and student movements are only at the beginning of what could be a years-long effort to trigger a revolution in Venezuela, but the trainers themselves are the people who cut their teeth on the â€œButcher of the Balkans.â€ Theyâ€™ve got mad skills. When you see students at five Venezuelan universities hold simultaneous demonstrations, you will know that the training is over and the real work has begun. </div><div id="file-list" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 20px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1;">Attached Files</h3><table width="100%" class="cable" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: transparent; max-width: 100%; width: 740px; margin-top: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><th style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">#</th><th style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Filename</th><th style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Size</th></tr><tr style="box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">126766</td><td style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><a href="https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/attach/126/126766_Info%20on%20CANVAS.doc" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; background: transparent;">126766_Info on CANVAS.doc</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div>=</div></div><div>
<div><a href="https://inthesetimes.com/uprising/entry/15945/wikileaks_docs_expose_famed_serbian_activists_ties_to_shadow_cia">https://inthesetimes.com/uprising/entry/15945/wikileaks_docs_expose_famed_serbian_activists_ties_to_shadow_cia</a></div><div>
</div><div><h5 class="datetime" style="margin: 30px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px; clear: both;"> DEC 2, 2013, 2:14 PM</h5><h1 style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 44px; vertical-align: baseline;">Wikileaks Docs Expose Famed Serbian Activist’s Ties to ‘Shadow CIA’CARL GIBSON AND STEVE HORN

in Eastern Europe and elsewhere since the late-1990s, and as one of the co-founders of Otpor!, the U.S.-funded Serbian activist group which overthrew Slobodan Milošević in 2000.</h1></div><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Lesser known, an exclusive Occupy.com investigation reveals that Popovic and the Otpor! offshoot <a href="http://www.canvasopedia.org/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">CANVAS</a> (Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies) have also maintained close ties with a Goldman Sachs executive and the private intelligence firm<a href="http://www.stratfor.com/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Stratfor</a> (Strategic Forecasting, Inc.), as well as the U.S. government. Popovic’s wife also worked at Stratfor for a year.<p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">These revelations come in the aftermath of thousands of new emails released by <a href="https://wikileaks.org/the-gifiles.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Wikileaks' “Global Intelligence Files.”</a> The emails reveal Popovic worked closely with Stratfor, an Austin, Texas-based private firm that gathers intelligence on geopolitical events and activists for<a href="http://www.mintpressnews.com/divide-and-conquer-unpacking-stratfors-rise-to-power/165933/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">clients</a> ranging from the American Petroleum Institute and Archer Daniels Midland to Dow Chemical, Duke Energy, Northrop Grumman, Intel and Coca-Cola.<p style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Referred to in emails under the moniker <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1751248" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">“SR501,”</a> Popovic was first approached by Stratfor in 2007 to give a lecture in the firm's office about events transpiring in Eastern Europe, according to a Stratfor source who asked to remain confidential for this story.In one of the emails, Popovic forwarded information about activists harmed or killed by the <a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/americas-arms-sales-bahrain-crackdown" target="blank" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">U.S.-armed Bahraini government,</a> obtained from the Bahrain Center for Human Rights during the regime’s crackdown on pro-democracy activists in fall 2011. Popovic also <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=218642" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">penned a blueprint</a> for Stratfor on how to unseat the now-deceased Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez in September 2010.</div>- See more at: http://www.occupy.com/article/exposed-globally-renowned-activist-collaborated-intelligence-firm-stratfor#sthash.uyX2lbES.dpuf</div><div>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Serbia’s <a href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/bringing-down-serbias-dictator-10-years-later-a-conversation-with-nonviolent-movement-leader-srdja-popovic/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Srdja Popovic</a> is known by many as a <a href="http://howtostartarevolutionfilm.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">leading architect</a> of <a href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/bringing-down-serbias-dictator-10-years-later-a-conversation-with-nonviolent-movement-leader-srdja-popovic/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">regime changes</a> in Eastern Europe and elsewhere since the late-1990s, and as one of the co-founders of Otpor!, the U.S.-funded Serbian activist group which overthrew Slobodan Milošević in 2000.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Lesser known, an exclusive Occupy.com investigation reveals that Popovic and the Otpor! offshoot <a href="http://www.canvasopedia.org/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">CANVAS</a> (Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies) have also maintained close ties with a Goldman Sachs executive and the private intelligence firm<a href="http://www.stratfor.com/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;"> Stratfor</a> (Strategic Forecasting, Inc.), as well as the U.S. government. Popovic’s wife also worked at Stratfor for a year.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">These revelations come in the aftermath of thousands of new emails released by <a href="https://wikileaks.org/the-gifiles.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Wikileaks' “Global Intelligence Files.”</a> The emails reveal Popovic worked closely with Stratfor, an Austin, Texas-based private firm that gathers intelligence on geopolitical events and activists for <a href="http://www.mintpressnews.com/divide-and-conquer-unpacking-stratfors-rise-to-power/165933/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">clients</a> ranging from the American Petroleum Institute and Archer Daniels Midland to Dow Chemical, Duke Energy, Northrop Grumman, Intel and Coca-Cola.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Referred to in emails under the moniker <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1751248" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">“SR501,”</a> Popovic was first approached by Stratfor in 2007 to give a lecture in the firm's office about events transpiring in Eastern Europe, according to a Stratfor source who asked to remain confidential for this story.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">In one of the emails, Popovic forwarded information about activists harmed or killed by the <a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/americas-arms-sales-bahrain-crackdown" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">U.S.-armed Bahraini government,</a> obtained from the Bahrain Center for Human Rights during the regime’s crackdown on pro-democracy activists in fall 2011. Popovic also <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=218642" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">penned a blueprint</a> for Stratfor on how to unseat the now-deceased Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez in September 2010.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Stratfor’s Global Activist Connector<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Using his celebrated activist status, Popovic opened many doors for Stratfor to meet with activists globally. In turn, the information Stratfor intended to gain from Popovic’s contacts would serve as “actionable intelligence”—<a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2012/2/28/wikileaks_leaked_emails_expose_inner_workings" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">the firm billed itself as a “Shadow CIA”</a>—for its corporate clients.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Popovic passed information to Stratfor about on-the-ground activist events in countries around the world, ranging from the <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=3480597" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Philippines</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1673040" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Libya</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1691011" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1224078" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Vietnam</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1693898" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Iran</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1827085" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1713995" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Egypt</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1760407" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Tibet</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1770369" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1682143" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Poland and Belarus</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=5532122" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Georgia</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=216045" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Bahrain</a>, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1755262" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Venezuela</a> and <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1216255" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Malaysia</a>. Often, the emails reveal, Popovic passed on the information to Stratfor without the consent of the activists and likely without the activists ever knowing that their emails were being shuttled to the private security firm.In the U.S., this investigation's co-author, Carl Gibson (representing US Uncut), and the Yes Men’s Andy Bichlbaum had a meeting with Popovic shortly after their two respective groups used a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iK7ONKs8-Cs" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">media hoax</a> to play a prank on General Electric, ridiculing the company over its<a href="https://www.factcheck.org/2012/04/warren-ge-pays-no-taxes/" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;"> non-payment of U.S. taxes</a>.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">The pair gave Popovic information about both groups’ plans for the coming year and news later came out that Stratfor <a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2012/2/28/wikileaks_private_spies_stratfor_helped_dow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">closely monitored the Yes Men’s activities</a>.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">During the Arab Spring, in Egypt in January 2011, Popovic <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=118017" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">received an interview invitation</a> for an appearance on CNN. The first people he turned to for talking points were Stratfor employees, who <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1695077" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">provided him with five talking points</a> to lead with.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Stratfor said Popovic’s main use for the firm was his vast array of grassroots activist contacts around the world.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“A little reminder that the main utility in this contact is his ability to connect us to the troublemakers around the world that he is in touch with. His own ability to discern situation on the ground may be limited, he mainly has initial contact with an asset and then lets them do their own thing,” <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1751248" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">reads a May 2010 email</a> written by former Stratfor Eurasia Analyst Marko Papic. “He does himself have information that may be useful from time to time. But, the idea is to gather a network of contacts through CANVAS, contacts that we can then contact independently.”Popovic was so well-received by Stratfor that <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1724637" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">he even got his wife, Marijah, a job there</a>. She worked for a year from March 2010 <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=462924" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">through March 2011</a> as the weekend open source intelligence analyst at Stratfor. <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1710196" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">The other candidate for the job, Jelena Tancic, also worked for CANVAS</a>.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Canvas guy [Popovic] is a friend/source [for Stratfor], and recommended her to us,” <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/about/analysts/scott-stewart" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Stratfor’s Vice President of Analysis Scott Stewart</a> said in a <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=384127" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">March 2010 email</a>, leaving out that the two were dating at the time.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Popovic and his wife grew so close to Stratfor, in fact, that Popovic <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=104475" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">invited numerous members of the Stratfor staff to their wedding</a> in Belgrade, Serbia.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Helping Stratfor Manufacture Revolutions<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Stratfor saw Popovic’s main value not only as a source for intelligence on global revolutionary and activist movements, but also as someone who, if needed, could help overthrow leaders of countries hostile to U.S. geopolitical and financial interests. So useful was Popovic to Stratfor that the firm gave him a free subscription, dubbed “<a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=43955" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">legit sources we use all the time as a company</a>” by Papic.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">In a <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1760436" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">June 2011 email</a>, Papic referred to Popovic as a “great friend” of his and described him as a “Serb activist who travels the world fomenting revolution.”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“They ... basically go around the world trying to topple dictators and autocratic governments (ones that U.S. does not like ;),” <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1767848" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Papic says in one email</a>. Replying to a follow up to that email, he states, “They just go and set up shop in a country and try to bring the government down. When used properly, more powerful than an aircraft carrier battle group.”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">In response to the “aircraft battle group” email, <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/about/analysts/fred-burton" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Stratfor Vice President of Intelligence Fred Burton</a> sardonically said that perhaps they could be <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1767848" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">sent into Iran</a>. Emails also reveal Popovic <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1674908" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">served as an information source</a> intermediary for <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1699694" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">on-the-ground activists</a> in Iran, also informing Stratfor of the <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1122331" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">funding struggle for “democracy programs” </a>there, as the U.S. government pushed a “soft power” agenda.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Another March 2010 email from Stewart to Burton said that CANVAS was <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=379065" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">“trying to get rid of Chavez,”</a> referring to the late Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez. In 2007, CANVAS <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=5488062" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">trained activists to overthrow Chavez</a>.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“If I remember correctly, we use hushmail communication to contact him regarding Venezuela due to the sensitivity of using a revolutionary NGO as a source considering we have clients who operate in country,” <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1642571" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Papic said in a January 2011 email</a> of Popovic.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Stratfor grew so enamored of CANVAS’s ability to foment regime change abroad that it <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1174110" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">invited Popovic to its Austin headquarters in 2010 to give seminars</a> on the subject, and paid for his trip there.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">CANVAS’s Goldman Sachs Cash<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1765749" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">One of CANVAS’s major allies is Muneer Satter</a>, a former Goldman Sachs executive who <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-15/goldman-mezzanine-chief-muneer-satter-said-to-step-down.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">stepped down from that position in June 2012 </a>and now owns Satter Investment Management LLC. <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/about/executives/shea-morenz" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Stratfor CEO Shea Morenz</a> worked for ten years at Goldman Sachs as well, where he served as Managing Director in the Investment Management Division and Region Head for Private Wealth Management for the Southwest Region.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Satter is meanwhile a major funder of the Republican Party, <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/outsidespending/donor_detail.php?cycle=2012&id=Satter+Investment+Management&type=B&super=N" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">giving over $300,000 to Karl Rove’s Super PAC</a> Crossroads GPS before the 2012 election, and <a href="http://blogs.rollcall.com/moneyline/democratic-governors-raise-13-million-republicans-raise-24-million/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">another $100,000 to the Republican Governors Association</a> in the first half of 2013 prior to the 2014 mid-term elections.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Living in a <a href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-05-19/business/0205180226_1_mansion-goldman-sachs-lake-michigan" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">massive, $9.5 million mansion</a> in Chicago's North Shore suburb of Lake Michigan, Muneer also <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/obama/inaug_2009.php" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">gave $50,000 toward President Obama’s inaugural fund</a> in 2009.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">When it came time to connect Muneer with the global intelligence firm, Popovic served as the middle man <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1756086" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">introducing Satter to Stratfor Chairman George Friedman</a>.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">"Whenever I want to understand the details behind world events, I turn to Stratfor,” reads an endorsement from Satter <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/about/clients" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">on Stratfor's website</a>. “They have the most detailed and insightful analysis of world affairs and are miles ahead of mainstream media."<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Otpor!: A Counter-History<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">To understand how Popovic came to aide Stratfor in its intelligence-gathering efforts, it’s crucial to examine Otpor! and CANVAS critically. A close examination demonstrates that Popovic was a natural choice to be a Stratfor informant and close advisor.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Often <a href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/2013/11/stratfor-canvas/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">valorized by grassroots activists</a> and <a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/16/revolution_u" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Western media</a>, there was far more to the “Bulldozer Revolution” that led to the overthrow of Milošević and subsequent Eastern European regimes than meets the eye.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“In principle, [Serbia] was an overt operation, funded by congressional appropriations of around $10 million for fiscal 1999 and $31 million for 2000. Some Americans involved in the anti-Milosevic effort said they were aware of CIA activity at the fringes of the campaign, but had trouble finding out what the agency was up to,” explained a 2000 <a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/843903/u-s-adviceguidedmilosevicopposition.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">investigative piece appearing in The Washington Post</a>.“The lead role was taken by the State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development, the government's foreign assistance agency, which channeled the funds through commercial contractors and nonprofit groups such as NDI and its Republican counterpart, the International Republican Institute (IRI).”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Papic’s statement about CANVAS being “more powerful than an aircraft carrier” wasn’t mere hyperbole, but was based on the Otpor! Serbia experience in the late-1990s.“In fact between 1997 and 2000 the National Endowment for Democracy and US government may have accomplished what NATO’s 37,000 bombing sorties had been unable to do: oust Milosevic, replace him with their favoured candidate Vojislav Kostunica and promote a neoliberal vision for Serbia,” <a href="http://www.zcommunications.org/promoting-polyarchy-in-serbia-by-michael-barker.html" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">independent scholar Michael Barker wrote for Z Magazine</a>. “In much the same way as corporate front groups and astroturf groups recruit genuinely committed supporters, strategically useful social movements can potentially dominate civil society when provided with the right resources (massive financial and professional backing).”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Otpor! was so successful that it was <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/nov/26/ukraine.usa" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">ushered into Ukraine to help manufacture regime change</a> there in 2004, <a href="http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1056498.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">using the template applied originally in Serbia</a> with <a href="http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1056498.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">$65 million</a> in cash from the U.S. government.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">"We trained them in how to set up an organization, how to open local chapters, how to create a 'brand,' how to create a logo, symbols, and key messages," an Otpor! activist <a href="http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1056498.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">told U.S.-funded media outlet Radio Free Europe-Radio Liberty</a>. "We trained them in how to identify the key weaknesses in society and what people's most pressing problems were—what might be a motivating factor for people, and above all young people, to go to the ballot box and in this way shape their own destiny."<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">The overthrow of Milošević was accompanied by U.S.-funding for the creation of a robust media apparatus in Serbia, and Popovic’s wife worked at one of the U.S.-funded radio and TV outlets as a journalist and anchor <a href="http://www.b92.net/eng/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">B92</a> from 2004-2009.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“By helping Radio B92 and linking it with a network of radio stations (ANEM), international assistance undermined the regime’s direct and indirect control over news and information,” a <a href="http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACU777.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">January 2004 policy paper released by USAID explained</a>. “In Serbia, independent media supported by USAID and other international donors facilitated the regime change.”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Critics point out that what happened in Eastern Europe was regime change, not revolution in any real sense of the term.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“[They] were not revolutions at all; actually, they were little more than intra-elite power transfers,’” Portland State University Professor of Urban Studies and Planning, <a href="http://www.pdx.edu/profile/gerald-sussman" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Gerald Sussman</a>, explained in his book, “<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Branding-Democracy-Frontiers-Political-Communication/dp/1433105314" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Branded Democracy: U.S. Regime Change in Post-Soviet Eastern Europe</a>.”“Modern tactics of electioneering were employed to cast regime change as populist, which took advantage of the unstable and vulnerable situations in those regions following the breakup of the Soviet Union,” he wrote.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Given Otpor!’s ties to powerful factions in the U.S. government, perhaps it’s unsurprising that Popovic felt comfortable <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1734126" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">giving a lecture to the Air Force Academy in May 2010</a>, and <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1725157" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">attending a National Security Council meeting in December 2009</a>.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">A powerful individual who <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1746019" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">lobbied the U.S. government to give money to CANVAS</a> early on was Michael McFaul, <a href="http://moscow.usembassy.gov/ambassador.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">the current U.S. Ambassador to Russia for the State Department</a> and someone who “worked closely with” Popovic while <a href="http://www.hoover.org/fellows/9889" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">serving as a Senior Fellow</a> at the <a href="http://rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/Hoover_Institution" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">right-wing Hoover Institution</a> at Stanford University.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Critics Chime In, Popovic Responds<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam_al-Khawaja" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Maryam Alkhawaja</a>, director of the <a href="http://www.bahrainrights.org/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">Bahrain Center for Human Rights</a>, said she had known Popovic for several years as an activist and had no knowledge of his outside relationships before the Wikileaks release of Stratfor emails.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“Srdja is someone I’ve met more than once. He was very supportive of the Bahrain revolution, supportive of the human rights fight,” Alkhawaja said in a phone interview. “When he gave me their information, that’s what surprised me the most.”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Alkhawaja said that at the time she wasn’t aware of what kind of firm Stratfor was, but she became immediately suspicious after reading Stratfor’s questions to her. She never corresponded with Stratfor due to what she felt was the suspicious nature of the emails coming from the firm.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“It was a series of really weird intelligence agency-like questions, given that they knew I was working in a human rights group. They were asking questions like, who’s funding the party coalition, how many members do they have, questions that even I didn’t know the answers to,” she said. “The fact that they asked questions like that, made me question the motive behind <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=216045" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">the email I received</a>. Thats why I never responded.”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“Whenever we get emails like that or were contacted by people who seemed very interested in asking intelligence agency-like questions, we usually block them, because we know they probably work for the government,” Alkhawaja continued. “Journalists know the kind of work we do so they wouldn’t ask those questions in the first place. I just found the email very weird and thats why I actually never responded.”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">In a Skype interview, one of Otpor!’s co-founders, who left the movement and asked to maintain his confidentiality, said his primary concern from the Wikileaks emails was that Popovic was giving out activists’ information to a third party without their prior consent.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">An interview with Popovic sang a different tune about CANVAS. He stated, “We definitely wouldn’t jeopardize any of our activists' safety, so we always follow their lead and never expose them to anybody without their consent.”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Popovic also said CANVAS would speak to anyone and everyone—without any discrimination—about nonviolent direct action.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“CANVAS will present anywhere — to those committed to activism and nonviolent struggle, but also to those who still live in the Cold War era and think that tanks and planes and nukes shape the world, not the common people leading popular movements,” he said.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“If we can persuade any decision maker in the world, in Washington, Kremlin, Tel Aviv or Damascus that it is nonviolent struggle that they should embrace and respect – not foreign military intervention, or oppression over own population – we would do that.”<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet, given Popovic’s track-record—and specifically, who buttered his bread during the long professional career he pursued in activism—critics say Popovic fit like a glove at Stratfor.<p style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.66667; vertical-align: baseline;">“A group of Serbs cannot lead a protest movement anywhere outside Serbia, but his techniques are nonetheless instrumental in helping achieve certain political aims,” Professor Sussman said in an interview. “He also serves as an intelligence gatherer in the process—of use to private and state intelligence agencies. That's what Stratfor saw as his use.”<a href="http://www.occupy.com/article/exposed-globally-renowned-activist-collaborated-intelligence-firm-stratfor#sthash.uyX2lbES.dpuf" style="font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;">This piece was published originally at Occupy.com.</a><div>
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</div><div><a href="https://wagingnonviolence.org/2013/11/stratfor-canvas/">https://wagingnonviolence.org/2013/11/stratfor-canvas/</a></div><div>
</div><div>over the weekend, following hacker <a href="https://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/end-anonymity-jeremy-hammond/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">Jeremy Hammond’s guilty verdict</a>, Wikileaks released over 500,000 new Stratfor files. Among the few it chose to promote on Twitter was an email instructing Stratfor employees how to gather intelligence from a contact at CANVAS, or the Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies:</div><div>
</div><div>[twt:  c<span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(245, 248, 250);">ANVAS used by Stratfor to spy on opposition groups <a title="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1737082" href="https://t.co/FPbj6bk2CF?amp=1" target="blank" dir="ltr" role="link" data-focusable="true" class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-901oao css-16my406 r-1n1174f r-1loqt21 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" rel=" noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: rgb(245, 248, 250); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; list-style: none; margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-hiw28u r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px;">https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewe<span aria-hidden="true" class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-hiw28u r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px;">mailid=1737082<span aria-hidden="true" class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-lrvibr r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px; user-select: none;">…</a><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(245, 248, 250);"> more on CANVAS: <a title="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1737082" href="https://t.co/FPbj6bk2CF?amp=1" target="blank" dir="ltr" role="link" data-focusable="true" class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-901oao css-16my406 r-1n1174f r-1loqt21 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-1ny4l3l r-1ddef8g r-qvutc0" rel=" noopener noreferrer" style="background-color: rgb(245, 248, 250); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; list-style: none; margin: 0px; cursor: pointer; border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; outline-style: none; min-width: 0px;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-hiw28u r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px;">https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewe<span aria-hidden="true" class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-1qd0xha r-hiw28u r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="border: 0px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; min-width: 0px;">mailid=1737082</a>
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</div><div><div class="row mt-3 mb-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-right: -15px; margin-left: -15px; margin-top: 1rem !important; margin-bottom: 1rem !important;"><div class="col-xl-6 offset-xl-3 col-lg-8 offset-lg-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; width: 776.5px; min-height: 1px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; flex: 0 0 50%; max-width: 50%; margin-left: 388.25px;"><div class="article" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Based in Belgrade, Serbia, CANVAS is a non-profit NGO run by two former members of Otpor, <a href="https://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/bringing-down-serbias-dictator-10-years-later-a-conversation-with-nonviolent-movement-leader-srdja-popovic/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">the youth movement that helped overthrow dictator Slobodan Milosevic in 2000</a> — one of whom is Waging Nonviolence advisory board member Srdja Popovic. CANVAS is known for its work <a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/16/revolution_u" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">training pro-democracy activists in over 40 countries</a>. So it is no doubt disconcerting for activists to see a tweet like the one above.What isn’t immediately apparent from that tweet or email, however, is whether CANVAS actually supplied any sensitive information about the activists it works with. To find that out requires a bit more digging — through some 200-plus emails in which CANVAS intel is discussed. These emails reveal a lot about Stratfor — mainly its ignorant and sometimes racist views on global politics. But what they don’t reveal is the exchange of secrets that would justify any claim that CANVAS was helping Stratfor spy on opposition movements.Stratfor seems to have dramatically misunderstood CANVAS in a number of ways. First, seeing them, rather than the people they train, as the source of power. As one Stratfor analyst <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1729054" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">enthusiastically explained to another</a>, “They just go and set up shop in a country and try to bring the government down. When used properly, [CANVAS is] more powerful than an aircraft carrier battle group.” This not only overlooks the fact that CANVAS has only an office in Belgrade and a staff of just five people, but also — and more importantly — that revolutions are the product of the people waging them, not a few outsiders.The “intelligence” gathered by Stratfor from CANVAS can broadly be described as general public information, about both the strategies and dynamics of civil resistance, as well as about the current political situations in major conflict regions. CANVAS also agreed to connect Stratfor with willing activists — making the information being gathered of the overt, not covert, variety.In perhaps the most controversial email exchange, CANVAS shared its strategy for Venezuela. For some, this may appear like a breach of trust with the activists it was working with, but as Popovic explained to Waging Nonviolence, it was soon-to-be published and made available to the public on its website, like the many other <a href="http://www.canvasopedia.org/index.php/library" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">strategic playbooks</a> already there. Bizarrely, <a href="http://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/1116408_re-insight-venezuela-canvas-ramping-up-.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">the internal Stratfor response</a> to this was, “Let’s sell it to [Venezuelan President Hugo] Chavez.” It’s either a joke or a telling example of how the profit motive trumps politics.Meanwhile, others are sure to object to organizing against the democratically-elected Chavez and take this as another sign that CANVAS is politically aligned with U.S. interests. However, what is oftentimes overlooked by critics such as Wikileaks are the many activist groups CANVAS has trained that do not align with U.S. interests, such as those in Egypt, Western Sahara, Palestine and West Papua. If CANVAS has a consistent position, it’s a commitment to work, or at least engage with, anyone open to learning about nonviolent struggle.When asked to elaborate on this, Popovic said, “We believe in talking to everybody and presenting the power of nonviolent conflict to not only activists and students, but also journalists, analysts, think tanks, international institutions, NGO’s and even military, secret services or dictators. If you ask me whether I would present to decision makers in NATO — the people who decided to bomb my country in 1999, almost killing my mom — if I believed there was a chance to shift their minds and, for example, prevent them from thinking about foreign military intervention in Syria, I would do it gladly.”There is some question, however, among practitioners and educators of nonviolent resistance as to whether having such an open policy is a sound, if not ethical, position. Kurt Schock, a professor of sociology and global affairs at Rutgers University, chooses not to deal with organizations like Stratfor, saying, “They are not the types of groups that I want to be associated with, and I don’t really see what good would come from interacting with them.”If CANVAS’s hope in interacting with Stratfor was to pass along some wisdom that might prevent more violence in conflict regions, it’s not clear that it has worked. Looking back, Popovic agrees, saying, “From the published emails, I can tell that they definitely were ignoring and downsizing the importance of civil resistance, sometimes even in a very harsh voice.”Furthermore, while many internal Stratfor emails do make reference to terminology learned from CANVAS (e.g. dilemma actions and nonviolent discipline), the company’s analysis does not seem to have been seriously impacted. In one <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1152339" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">email about Palestine</a> and the Israeli raid on the ship Mavi Marmara in 2010, Stratfor analysts exhibit a lack of knowledge about the Palestinian nonviolent struggle and racist assumptions about the violence of Arabs and the benevolence of Israelis.<blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding-left: 20px; border-left: 4px solid rgb(241, 194, 70);">Marko Papic: “As we discussed earlier, Palestinians have no idea how to exploit what just fell into their laps. They are too disorganized and inherently incapable of non-violent opposition.”Fred Burton: “In Websters, next to Palestinian is FUBR. The hot-heads will always prevail. The educated Palestinians are elsewhere.”Marko Papic: “It’s just insane that after 50 years of not getting anywhere with their intifadas against Israel they don’t get what would work. If there is any government in the world where non-violence would work, it is Israel.”</blockquote>Even more interesting is that George Friedman, CEO of Stratfor, <a href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1707686" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">seemed to have very little patience for CANVAS</a> and other groups working to spread knowledge about civil resistance, believing they wouldn’t give up the information he desired.<blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding-left: 20px; border-left: 4px solid rgb(241, 194, 70);">George Friedman: “Guys. Please hear me. I’m not interested in jared cohen [co-founder of Movements.org] or canvas or any of these guys. I know who they are, I know who pays them and they won’t give you an honest answer on thei egyptian conyacys no matter what. These guys are there to make sure we don’t find out who the players are and to take credit for what they do.”Marko Papic: “George, we know what you are saying. These guys will give us contacts of April 6, Kafiya etc. Thats the point.”</blockquote>While it does appear that CANVAS later found an April 6 leader willing to talk to Stratfor, it also appears Friedman was not interested in talking to him. Ultimately, Friedman’s views of people power during the time of the Arab Spring remained staunchly ignorant and racist, as depicted in this exchange with a young analyst:<blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding-left: 20px; border-left: 4px solid rgb(241, 194, 70);">George Friedman: “You are getting passionately entangled with the region. Back off, calm down and look at the big picture. Common problem in a young analyst but one to guard agains. I’m sensing that you’ve bought the ‘my god, a rising of the opressed has happened’ line. Easy does it. Whatever happened is not as simple as it appears. Liberalism and democracy in the arab world never wins but is always used by others.”Bayless Parsley: “I am trying to balance between something that I truly believe is happening in the region (people not scared anymore, people perceiving that it is possible to enact change by taking to the streets, whether they understand the dynamics at play in Tunisia/Egypt or not, their perception is that protests work), and what I know to be the truth – that liberalism and democracy in the Arab world never win. I fully understand this point, and am not disputing this at all.”</blockquote>While Stratfor may not have gotten the kind of intel it was after, and CANVAS may not have been able to impart the deeper understanding and appreciation of nonviolent resistance that it had hoped for, the situation isn’t exactly moot. Wikileaks, after all, saw little nuance in the relationship between the two groups, and sent out a rather misleading tweet to over two million followers, many of whom are the kind of activists who might benefit from the knowledge CANVAS has to offer. In that regard, CANVAS’s work will have to speak for itself.</div></div></div><div class="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-right: -15px; margin-left: -15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="col-xl-6 offset-xl-3 col-lg-8 offset-lg-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; width: 776.5px; min-height: 1px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; flex: 0 0 50%; max-width: 50%; margin-left: 388.25px;"><hr class="mt-5" style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px; overflow: visible; margin-bottom: 1rem; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); margin-top: 3rem !important;" /><hr class="mb-5" style="box-sizing: content-box; height: 0px; overflow: visible; margin-top: 1rem; border-right: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); margin-bottom: 3rem !important;" /><div class="article_footer" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="mb-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem !important;"><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.2;"><a href="https://wagingnonviolence.org/author/bryanfarrell/" title="Posts by Bryan Farrell" rel="author" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent;">Bryan Farrell</a></h2>Bryan Farrell is the co-founder and editor of Waging Nonviolence. He also hosts and produces the podcast, <a href="https://wagingnonviolence.org/series/city-of-refuge/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">City of Refuge</a>. His work has appeared in The Guardian, The Nation, Mother Jones, Slate, Grist and Earth Island Journal. Follow him on Twitter <a href="https://twitter.com/bryanwith2eyes" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">@bryanwith2eyes</a>.</div></div></div></div><div>
<div><a href="https://www.mintpressnews.com/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuela-coup-leader/254387/">https://www.mintpressnews.com/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuela-coup-leader/254387/</a></div><div>
</div><div><p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://grayzoneproject.com/2019/01/29/the-making-of-juan-guaido-how-the-us-regime-change-laboratory-created-venezuelas-coup-leader/amp/?twitter_impression=true" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Project</a> — Before the fateful day of January 22, <a href="https://twitter.com/venanalysis/status/1087447663153500166" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">fewer than one in five</a> Venezuelans had heard of Juan Guaidó. Only a few months ago, the 35-year-old was an obscure character in a politically marginal far-right group closely associated with gruesome acts of street violence. Even in his own party, Guaidó had been a mid-level figure in the opposition-dominated National Assembly, which is now held under contempt according to Venezuela’s constitution.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">But after a single phone call from US Vice President Mike Pence, Guaidó proclaimed himself as president of Venezuela. Anointed as the leader of his country by Washington, a previously unknown political bottom dweller was vaulted onto the international stage as the US-selected leader of the nation with the world’s largest oil reserves.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Echoing the Washington consensus, the New York Times editorial board <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/24/opinion/venezuela-guaido-maduro.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">hailed </a>Guaidó as a “credible rival” to Maduro with a “refreshing style and vision of taking the country forward.” The Bloomberg News editorial board <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-01-25/guaido-s-bold-stroke-for-democracy-in-venezuela" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">applauded</a> him for seeking “restoration of democracy” and the Wall Street Journal <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/revolt-in-venezuela-11548289111" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">declared</a> him “a new democratic leader.” Meanwhile, Canada, numerous European nations, Israel, and the bloc of right-wing Latin American governments known as the Lima Group recognized Guaidó as the legitimate leader of Venezuela.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">While Guaidó seemed to have materialized out of nowhere, he was, in fact, the product of more than a decade of assiduous grooming by the US government’s elite regime change factories. Alongside a cadre of right-wing student activists, Guaidó was cultivated to undermine Venezuela’s socialist-oriented government, destabilize the country, and one day seize power. Though he has been a minor figure in Venezuelan politics, he had spent years quietly demonstrated his worthiness in Washington’s halls of power.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">“Juan Guaidó is a character that has been created for this circumstance,” Marco Teruggi, an Argentinian sociologist and leading chronicler of Venezuelan politics, told the Grayzone. “It’s the logic of a laboratory – Guaidó is like a mixture of several elements that create a character who, in all honesty, oscillates between laughable and worrying.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Diego Sequera, a Venezuelan journalist and writer for the investigative outlet, Mision Verdad, agreed: “Guaidó is more popular outside Venezuela than inside, especially in the elite Ivy League and Washington circles,” Sequera remarked to the Grayzone, “He’s a known character there, is predictably right-wing, and is considered loyal to the program.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">While Guaidó is today sold as the face of democratic restoration, he spent his career in the most violent faction of Venezuela’s most radical opposition party, positioning himself at the forefront of one destabilization campaign after another. His party has been widely discredited inside Venezuela, and is held partly responsible for fragmenting a badly weakened opposition.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">“‘These radical leaders have no more than 20 percent in opinion polls,” <a href="http://www.caraotadigital.net/nacionales/luis-vicente-leon-la-oposicion-politica-venezolana-vive-su-peor-momento-historico/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">wrote</a> Luis Vicente León, Venezuela’s leading pollster. According to Leon, Guaidó’s party remains isolated because the majority of the population “does not want war. ‘What they want is a solution.’”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">But this is precisely why he Guaidó was selected by Washington: he is not expected to lead Venezuela towards to democracy, but to collapse a country that for the past two decades has been a bulwark of resistance to US hegemony. His unlikely rise signals the culmination of a two-decades-long project to destroy a robust socialist experiment.<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Targeting the “troika of tyranny”</h2><p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Since the 1998 election of Hugo Chavez, the United States has fought to restore control over Venezuela and is vast oil reserves. Chavez’s socialist programs may have redistributed the country’s wealth and helped lift millions out of poverty, but they also earned him a target on his back. In 2002, Venezuela’s right-wing opposition briefly ousted him with US support and recognition before the military restored his presidency following a mass popular mobilization. Throughout the administrations of US Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama, Chavez survived numerous assassination plots before succumbing to cancer in 2013. His successor, Nicolas Maduro, has <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/27/maduro-assassination-plot-venezuela_n_3820765.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">survived</a> <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2344973.stm" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">three attempts</a> on his life.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">The Trump administration immediately elevated Venezuela to the top of Washington’s regime change target list, branding it the leader of a <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-national-security-advisor-ambassador-john-r-bolton-administrations-policies-latin-america/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">“troika of tyranny.”</a>Last year, Trump’s national security team <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/world/americas/donald-trump-venezuela-military-coup.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">attempted</a> to recruit members of the military brass to mount a military junta, but that effort failed. According to the Venezuelan government, the US was also involved in a plot codenamed Operation Constitution to capture Maduro at the Miraflores presidential palace, and another called <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-27/inside-the-failed-plot-to-overthrow-venezuelan-president-nicolas-maduro" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Operation Armageddon</a> to assassinate him at a military parade in July 2017. Just over a year later, exiled opposition leaders <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J71BT0stT3k" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">tried and failed to kill Maduro</a> with drone bombs during a military parade in Caracas.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">More than a decade before these intrigues, a group of right-wing opposition students were hand selected and groomed by an elite, US-funded regime change training academy to topple Venezuela’s government and restore the neoliberal order.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"> <h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Training from the “‘export-a-revolution’ group that sowed the seeds for a NUMBER of color revolutions”</h2><p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">On October 5, 2005, with Chavez’s popularity at its peak and his government planning sweeping socialist programs, five Venezuelan “student leaders” <a href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/venezuela-marigold-revolution" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">arrived</a> in Belgrade, Serbia to begin training for an insurrection.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">The students had arrived from Venezuela courtesy of the Center for Applied Non-Violent Action and Strategies, or CANVAS. This group is <a href="http://www.wrongkindofgreen.org/2013/01/14/breaking-desperate-for-destabilization-in-venezuela-us-funded-otpor-rears-its-ugly-head/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">funded</a> largely through the <a href="https://grayzoneproject.com/2018/08/20/inside-americas-meddling-machine-the-us-funded-group-that-interferes-in-elections-around-the-globe/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">National Endowment for Democracy</a>, a CIA cut-out that functions as the US government’s main arm of promoting regime change; and offshoots like the International Republican Institute and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. According to leaked internal <a href="https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/17/1792423_information-on-canvas-.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">emails</a> from Stratfor, an intelligence firm known as the <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/12/15/stratfor-canadian-government_n_4449505.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">“shadow CIA,”</a> “[CANVAS] may have also received CIA funding and training during the 1999/2000 anti-Milosevic struggle.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">CANVAS is a spinoff of Otpor, a Serbian protest group founded by <a href="http://www.williamengdahl.com/englishNEO1Oct2017.php" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Srdja Popovic</a> in 1998 at the University of Belgrade. Otpor, which means “resistance” in Serbian, was the student group that gained international fame – and Hollywood-level <a href="https://vimeo.com/143379353" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">promotion</a> – by mobilizing the protests that eventually toppled Slobodan Milosevic. This small cell of regime change specialists was operating according to the theories of the late Gene Sharp, the so-called “Clausewitz of non-violent struggle.” Sharp had worked with a former Defense Intelligence Agency analyst, Col. <a href="http://peacemagazine.org/archive/v24n1p12.htm" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Robert Helvey</a>, to conceive a strategic blueprint that weaponized protest as a form of hybrid warfare, aiming it at states that resisted Washington’s unipolar domination.<div id="attachment_254388" class="wp-caption aligncenter" source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" width="width" style="box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; margin: 0px auto 24px;">
A fence covered with posters of Slobodan Milosevic behind bars, titled “When?” and “People’s Movement Otpor” in Belgrade, Serbia, March 30, 2001. Darko Vojinovic | AP]</div><figure id="attachment_1809" class="wp-caption alignnone amp-wp-inline-086b83d24e4412010a175ea3dba11ca3" source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 1em 40px 12px; max-width: 100%;"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Otpor was supported by the National Endowment for Democracy, USAID and Sharp’s Albert Einstein Institute. Sinisa Sikman, one of Otpor’s main trainers, once <a href="https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/17/1792423_information-on-canvas-.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">said</a> the group even received direct CIA funding. According to a <a href="https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/17/1713359_re-insight-venezuela-canvas-analysis-.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">leaked email</a> from a Stratfor staffer, after running Milosevic out of power, “the kids who ran OTPOR grew up, got suits and designed CANVAS… or in other words a ;export-a-revolution’ group that sowed the seeds for a NUMBER of color revolutions. They are still hooked into U.S. funding and basically go around the world trying to topple dictators and autocratic governments (ones that U.S. does not like ;).”</figcaption></figure><p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Stratfor revealed that CANVAS “turned its attention to Venezuela” in 2005 after training opposition movements that led pro-NATO regime change operations across Eastern Europe.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">While monitoring the CANVAS training program, Stratfor outlined its insurrectionist agenda in strikingly blunt language: “Success is by no means guaranteed, and student movements are only at the beginning of what could be a years-long effort to trigger a revolution in Venezuela, but the trainers themselves are the people who cut their teeth on the ‘Butcher of the Balkans.’ They’ve got mad skills. When you see students at five Venezuelan universities hold simultaneous demonstrations, you will know that the training is over and the real work has begun.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"> <h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Birthing the “Generation 2007” regime change cadre</h2><p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">The “real work” began two years later, in 2007, when Guaidó graduated from Andrés Bello Catholic University of Caracas. He moved to Washington DC to enroll in the Governance and Political Management <a href="http://sri.ucab.edu.ve/sites/default/files/Convenio%20UCAB-%20CAF%20George%20Washington%20University.pdf" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Program</a> at George Washington University under the tutelage of Venezuelan economist Luis Enrique Berrizbeitia, one of the top Latin American neoliberal economists. Berrizbeitia is a <a href="https://www.caf.com/media/3571/resumenexecutive.pdf" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">former executive director</a> of the International Monetary Fund who spent more than a decade working in Venezuelan energy sector under the oligarchic old regime that was ousted by Chavez.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">That year, Guaidó helped lead anti-government rallies after the Venezuelan government <a href="https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/2424" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">declined to</a> to renew the license of Radio Caracas Televisión (RCTV). This privately-owned station played a leading role in the 2002 coup against Hugo Chavez. RCTV helped mobilize anti-government demonstrators, falsified information blaming government supporters for acts of violence carried out by opposition members, and banned pro-government reporting amid the coup. The role of RCTV and other oligarch-owned stations in driving the failed coup attempt was chronicled in the acclaimed documentary, The Revolution Will Not Be Televised.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">That same year, the students claimed credit for stymying Chavez’s constitutional referendum for a “21st century socialism” that <a href="https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/2890" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">promised</a> “to set the legal framework for the political and social reorganization of the country, giving direct power to organized communities as a prerequisite for the development of a new economic system.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">From the protests around RCTV and the referendum, a specialized cadre of US-backed class of regime change activists was born. They called themselves “Generation 2007.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">The Stratfor and CANVAS trainers of this cell identified Guaidó’s ally – a street organizer named Yon Goicoechea – as a “key factor” in defeating the constitutional referendum. The following year, Goicochea was <a href="https://www.cato.org/friedman-prize/yon-goicoechea" target="blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">rewarded</a> for his efforts with the Cato Institute’s Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty, along with a $500,000 prize, which he promptly invested into building his own Liberty First (Primero Justicia) political network.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">[milton prize px]<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">no lnx pix<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"> Goicoechea receives the Milton Friedman Prize for Advancing Liberty at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York, May 15, 2008. Seth Wenig | AP<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Friedman, of course, was the godfather of the notorious neoliberal Chicago Boys who were imported into Chile by dictatorial junta leader Augusto Pinochet to implement policies of radical “shock doctrine”-style fiscal austerity. And the Cato Institute is the libertarian Washington DC-based think tank founded by the Koch Brothers, two top Republican Party donors who have become aggressive supporters of the right-wing across Latin America.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Wikileaks published a 2007 email from American ambassador to Venezuela William Brownfield sent to the State Department, National Security Council and Department of Defense Southern Command praising “Generation of ’07” for having “forced the Venezuelan president, accustomed to setting the political agenda, to (over)react.” Among the “emerging leaders” Brownfield identified were Freddy Guevara and Yon Goicoechea. He applauded the latter figure as “one of the students’ most articulate defenders of civil liberties.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Flush with cash from libertarian oligarchs and US government soft power outfits, the radical Venezuelan cadre took their Otpor tactics to the streets, along with a version of the group’s logo, as seen below:<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Otpor | Venezuela px]<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">“Galvanizing public unrest…to take advantage of the situation and spin it against Chavez”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">In 2009, the Generation 2007 youth activists staged their most provocative demonstration yet, dropping their pants on public roads and aping the outrageous guerrilla theater tactics outlined by Gene Sharp in his regime change manuals. The protesters had mobilized against the arrest of an ally from another newfangled youth group called JAVU. This far-right group “gathered funds from a variety of US government sources, which allowed it to gain notoriety quickly as the hardline wing of opposition street movements,” according to academic George Ciccariello-Maher’s book, “Building the Commune.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">While video of the protest is not available, many Venezuelans have identified Guaidó as one of its key participants. While the allegation is unconfirmed, it is certainly plausible; the bare-buttocks protesters were members of the Generation 2007 inner core that Guaidó belonged to, and were clad in their trademark Resistencia! Venezuela t-shirts, as seen below:<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Juan Guaido | Protest<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Is this the ass that Trump wants to install in Venezuela’s seat of power?<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">That year, Guaidó exposed himself to the public in another way, founding a political party to capture the anti-Chavez energy his Generation 2007 had cultivated. Called Popular Will, it was led by Leopoldo López, a Princeton-educated right-wing firebrand heavily involved in National Endowment for Democracy programs and elected as the mayor of a district in Caracas that was one of the wealthiest in the country. Lopez was a portrait of Venezuelan aristocracy, directly descended from his country’s first president. He was also the first cousin of Thor Halvorssen, founder of the US-based Human Rights Foundation that functions as a de facto publicity shop for US-backed anti-government activists in countries targeted by Washington for regime change.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Though Lopez’s interests aligned neatly with Washington’s, US diplomatic cables published by Wikileaks highlighted the fanatical tendencies that would ultimately lead to Popular Will’s marginalization. One cable identified Lopez as “a divisive figure within the opposition… often described as arrogant, vindictive, and power-hungry.” Others highlighted his obsession with street confrontations and his “uncompromising approach” as a source of tension with other opposition leaders who prioritized unity and participation in the country’s democratic institutions.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Leopoldo Lopez | Wealth<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Popular Will founder Leopoldo Lopez cruising with his wife, Lilian Tintori.]<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">By 2010, Popular Will and its foreign backers moved to exploit the worst drought to hit Venezuela in decades. Massive electricity shortages had struck the country due the dearth of water, which was needed to power hydroelectric plants. A global economic recession and declining oil prices compounded the crisis, driving public discontentment.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Stratfor and CANVAS – key advisors of Guaidó and his anti-government cadre – devised a shockingly cynical plan to drive a dagger through the heart of the Bolivarian revolution. The scheme hinged on a 70% collapse of the country’s electrical system by as early as April 2010.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">“This could be the watershed event, as there is little that Chavez can do to protect the poor from the failure of that system,” the Stratfor internal memo declared. “This would likely have the impact of galvanizing public unrest in a way that no opposition group could ever hope to generate. At that point in time, an opposition group would be best served to take advantage of the situation and spin it against Chavez and towards their needs.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">By this point, the Venezuelan opposition was receiving a staggering $40-50 million a year from US government organizations like USAID and the National Endowment for Democracy, according to a report by the Spanish think tank, the FRIDE Institute. It also had massive wealth to draw on from its own accounts, which were mostly outside the country.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">While the scenario envisioned by Statfor did not come to fruition, the Popular Will party activists and their allies cast aside any pretense of non-violence and joined a radical plan to destabilize the country.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Towards violent destabilization<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">In November, 2010, according to emails obtained by Venezuelan security services and presented by former Justice Minister Miguel Rodríguez Torres, Guaidó, Goicoechea, and several other student activists attended a secret five-day training at the Fiesta Mexicana hotel in Mexico City. The sessions were run by Otpor, the Belgrade-based regime change trainers backed by the US government. The meeting had reportedly received the blessing of Otto Reich, a fanatically anti-Castro Cuban exile working in George W. Bush’s Department of State, and the right-wing former Colombian President Alvaro Uribe.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">At the Fiesta Mexicana hotel, the emails stated, Guaidó and his fellow activists hatched a plan to overthrow President Hugo Chavez by generating chaos through protracted spasms of street violence.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Three petroleum industry figureheads – Gustavo Torrar, Eligio Cedeño and Pedro Burelli – allegedly covered the $52,000 tab to hold the meeting. Torrar is a self-described “human rights activist” and “intellectual” whose younger brother Reynaldo Tovar Arroyo is the representative in Venezuela of the private Mexican oil and gas company Petroquimica del Golfo, which holds a contract with the Venezuelan state.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Cedeño, for his part, is a fugitive Venezuelan businessman who claimed asylum in the United States, and Pedro Burelli a former JP Morgan executive and the former director of Venezuela’s national oil company, Petroleum of Venezuela (PDVSA). He left PDVSA in 1998 as Hugo Chavez took power and is on the advisory committee of Georgetown University’s Latin America Leadership Program.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Burelli insisted that the emails detailing his participation had been fabricated and even hired a private investigator to prove it. The investigator declared that Google’s records showed the emails alleged to be his were never transmitted.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Yet today Burelli makes no secret of his desire to see Venezuela’s current president, Nicolás Maduro, deposed – and even dragged through the streets and sodomized with a bayonet, as Libyan leader Moammar Qaddafi was by NATO-backed militiamen. <p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">View image on TwitterView image on Twitter<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Pedro Mario Burelli<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">@pburelli<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"> .@NicolasMaduro, jamas me has hecho caso. Me has fustigado/perseguido como @chavezcandanga jamás osó. Óyeme, tienes sólo dos opciones en las próximas 24 horas:<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">1. Como Noriega: pagar pena por narcotráfico y luego a @IntlCrimCourt La Haya por DDHH.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">2. O a la Gaddafi.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Escoge ya!<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">1,051<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">10:09 PM - Jan 16, 2019<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">1,252 people are talking about this<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">The alleged Fiesta Mexicana plot flowed into another destabilization plan revealed in a series of documents produced by the Venezuelan government. In May 2014, Caracas released documents detailing an assassination plot against President Nicolás Maduro. The leaks identified the Miami-based Maria Corina Machado as a leader of the scheme. A hardliner with a penchant for extreme rhetoric, Machado has functioned as an international liaison for the opposition, visiting President George W. Bush in 2005.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">maria corina machado | george bush<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Machado and George W. Bush, 2005.]<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">“I think it is time to gather efforts; make the necessary calls, and obtain financing to annihilate Maduro and the rest will fall apart,” Machado wrote in an email to former Venezuelan diplomat Diego Arria in 2014.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">In another email, Machado claimed that the violent plot had the blessing of US Ambassador to Colombia, Kevin Whitaker. “I have already made up my mind and this fight will continue until this regime is overthrown and we deliver to our friends in the world. If I went to San Cristobal and exposed myself before the OAS, I fear nothing. Kevin Whitaker has already reconfirmed his support and he pointed out the new steps. We have a checkbook stronger than the regime’s to break the international security ring.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Guaidó heads to the barricades<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">That February, student demonstrators acting as shock troops for the exiled oligarchy erected violent barricades across the country, turning opposition-controlled quarters into violent fortresses known as guarimbas. While international media portrayed the upheaval as a spontaneous protest against Maduro’s iron-fisted rule, there was ample evidence that Popular Will was orchestrating the show.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">“None of the protesters at the universities wore their university t-shirts, they all wore Popular Will or Justice First t-shirts,” a guarimba participant said at the time. “They might have been student groups, but the student councils are affiliated to the political opposition parties and they are accountable to them.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Asked who the ringleaders were, the guarimba participant said, “Well if I am totally honest, those guys are legislators now.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Around 43 were killed during the 2014 guarimbas. Three years later, they erupted again, causing mass destruction of public infrastructure, the murder of government supporters, and the deaths of 126 people, many of whom were Chavistas. In several cases, supporters of the government were burned alive by armed gangs.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Guaidó was directly involved in the 2014 guarimbas. In fact, he tweeted video showing himself clad in a helmet and gas mask, surrounded by masked and armed elements that had shut down a highway that were engaging in a violent clash with the police. Alluding to his participation in Generation 2007, he proclaimed, “I remember in 2007, we proclaimed, ‘Students!’ Now, we shout, ‘Resistance! Resistance!’” <p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Guaidó has deleted the tweet, demonstrating apparent concern for his image as a champion of democracy.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">On February 12, 2014, during the height of that year’s guarimbas, Guaidó joined Lopez on stage at a rally of Popular Will and Justice First. During a lengthy diatribe against the government, Lopez urged the crowd to march to the office of Attorney General Luisa Ortega Diaz. Soon after, Diaz’s office came under attack by armed gangs who attempted to burn it to the ground. She denounced what she called “planned and premeditated violence.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Leopoldo Lopez | Juan Guaido<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Guaido alongside Lopez at the fateful February 12, 2014 rally. Photo | PanAm Post]<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">In a televised appearance in 2016, Guaidó dismissed deaths resulting from guayas – a guarimba tactic involving stretching steel wire across a roadway in order to injure or kill motorcyclists – as a “myth.” His comments whitewashed a deadly tactic that had killed unarmed civilians like Santiago Pedroza and decapitated a man named Elvis Durán, among many others.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">This callous disregard for human life would define his Popular Will party in the eyes of much of the public, including many opponents of Maduro.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Cracking down on Popular Will <p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">As violence and political polarization escalated across the country, the government began to act against the Popular Will leaders who helped stoke it.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Freddy Guevara, the National Assembly Vice-President and second in command of Popular Will, was a principal leader in the 2017 street riots. Facing a trial for his role in the violence, Guevara took shelter in the Chilean embassy, where he remains.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Lester Toledo, a Popular Will legislator from the state of Zulia, was wanted by Venezuelan government in September 2016 on charges of financing terrorism and plotting assassinations. The plans were said to be made with former Colombian President Álavaro Uribe. Toledo escaped Venezuela and went on several speaking tours withHuman Rights Watch, the US government-backed Freedom House, the Spanish Congress and European Parliament.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Carlos Graffe, another Otpor-trained Generation 2007 member who led Popular Will, was arrested in July 2017. According to police, he was in possession of a bag filled with nails, C4 explosives and a detonator. He was released on December 27, 2017.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Leopoldo Lopez, the longtime Popular Will leader, is today under house arrest, accused of a key role in deaths of 13 people during the guarimbas in 2014. Amnesty International lauded Lopez as a “prisoner of conscience” and slammed his transfer from prison to house as “not good enough.” Meanwhile, family members of guarimba victims introduced a petition for more charges against Lopez.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Yon Goicoechea, the Koch Brothers posterboy and US-backed founder of Justice First, was arrested in 2016 by security forces who claimed they found a kilo of explosives in his vehicle. In a New York Times op-ed, Goicoechea protested the charges as “trumped-up” and claimed he had been imprisoned simply for his “dream of a democratic society, free of Communism.” He was freed in November 2017.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">View image on Twitter<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">@YonGoicoechea<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"> Hoy, en Caricuao. Llevo 15 años trabajando con @jguaido. Confío en él. Conozco la constancia y la inteligencia con la que se ha construido a sí mismo. Está haciendo las cosas con bondad, pero sin ingenuidad. Hay una posibilidad abierta hacia la libertad<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">5:10 PM - Jan 19, 2019<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">136 people are talking about this<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">David Smolansky, also a member of the original Otpor-trained Generation 2007, became Venezuela’s youngest-ever mayor when he was elected in 2013 in the affluent suburb of El Hatillo. But he was stripped of his position and sentenced to 15 months in prison by the Supreme Court after it found him culpable of stirring the violent guarimbas.  <p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Facing arrest, Smolansky shaved his beard, donned sunglasses and slipped into Brazil disguised as a priest with a bible in hand and rosary around his neck. He now lives in Washington, DC, where he was handpicked by Secretary of the Organization of American States Luis Almagro to lead the working group on the Venezuelan migrant and refugee crisis.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">This July 26, Smolansky held what he called a “cordial reunion” with Elliot Abrams, the convicted Iran-Contra felon installed by Trump as special US envoy to Venezuela. Abrams is notorious for overseeing the US covert policy of arming right-wing death squads during the 1980’s in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala. His lead role in the Venezuelan coup has stoked fears that another blood-drenched proxy war might be on the way.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">David Smolansky<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">@dsmolansky<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"> Cordial reunión en la ONU con Elliott Abrams, enviado especial del gobierno de EEUU para Venezuela. Reiteramos que la prioridad para el gobierno interino que preside @jguaido es la asistencia humanitaria para millones de venezolanos que sufren de la falta de comida y medicinas.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">10:46 AM - Jan 26, 2019<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">2,619 people are talking about this<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Four days earlier, Machado rumbled another violent threat against Maduro, declaring that if he “wants to save his life, he should understand that his time is up.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">A pawn in their game<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">The collapse of Popular Will under the weight of the violent campaign of destabilization it ran alienated large sectors of the public and wound much of its leadership up in exile or in custody. Guaidó had remained a relatively minor figure, having spent most of his nine-year career in the National Assembly as an alternate deputy. Hailing from one of Venezuela’s least populous states, Guaidó came in second place during the 2015 parliamentary elections, winning just 26% of votes cast in order to secure his place in the National Assembly. Indeed, his bottom may have been better known than his face.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Guaidó is known as the president of the opposition-dominated National Assembly, but he was never elected to the position. The four opposition parties that comprised the Assembly’s Democratic Unity Table had decided to establish a rotating presidency. Popular Will’s turn was on the way, but its founder, Lopez, was under house arrest. Meanwhile, his second-in-charge, Guevara, had taken refuge in the Chilean embassy. A figure named Juan Andrés Mejía would have been next in line but reasons that are only now clear, Juan Guaido was selected.   <p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">“There is a class reasoning that explains Guaidó’s rise,” Sequera, the Venezuelan analyst, observed. “Mejía is high class, studied at one of the most expensive private universities in Venezuela, and could not be easily marketed to the public the way Guaidó could. For one, Guaidó has common mestizo features like most Venezuelans do, and seems like more like a man of the people. Also, he had not been overexposed in the media, so he could be built up into pretty much anything.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">In December 2018, Guaidó sneaked across the border and junketed to Washington, Colombia and Brazil to coordinate the plan to hold mass demonstrations during the inauguration of President Maduro. The night before Maduro’s swearing-in ceremony, both Vice President Mike Pence and Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland called Guaidó to affirm their support.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">A week later, Sen. Marco Rubio, Sen. Rick Scott and Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart – all lawmakers from the Florida base of the right-wing Cuban exile lobby – joined President Trump and Vice President Pence at the White House. At their request, Trump agreed that if Guaidó declared himself president, he would back him.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Secretary of State Mike Pompeo met personally with Guaidó on January 10, according to the Wall Street Journal. However, Pompeo could not pronounce Guaidó’s name when he mentioned him in a press briefing on January 25, referring to him as “Juan Guido.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"> Embedded video<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Dan Cohen<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">@dancohen3000<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"> Secretary of State Mike Pompeo just called the figure Washington is attempting to install as Venezuelan President "Juan Guido" - as in the racist term for Italians. America's top diplomat didn't even bother to learn how to pronounce his puppet's name.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">1:58 PM - Jan 25, 2019<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">By January 11, Guaidó’s Wikipedia page had been edited 37 times, highlighting the struggle to shape the image of a previously anonymous figure who was now a tableau for Washington’s regime change ambitions. In the end, editorial oversight of his page was handed over to Wikipedia’s elite council of “librarians,” who pronounced him the “contested” president of Venezuela.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Guaidó might have been an obscure figure, but his combination of radicalism and opportunism satisfied Washington’s needs. “That internal piece was missing,” a Trump administration said of Guaidó. “He was the piece we needed for our strategy to be coherent and complete.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">“For the first time,” Brownfield, the former American ambassador to Venezuela, gushed to the New York Times, “you have an opposition leader who is clearly signaling to the armed forces and to law enforcement that he wants to keep them on the side of the angels and with the good guys.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">But Guaidó’s Popular Will party formed the shock troops of the guarimbas that caused the deaths of police officers and common citizens alike. He had even boasted of his own participation in street riots. And now, to win the hearts and minds of the military and police, Guaido had to erase this blood-soaked history.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">On January 21, a day before the coup began in earnest, Guaidó’s wife delivered a video address calling on the military to rise up against Maduro. Her performance was wooden and uninspiring, underscoring the her husband’s limited political prospects.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">At a press conference before supporters four days later, Guaidó announced his solution to the crisis: “Authorize a humanitarian intervention!”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">While he waits on direct assistance, Guaidó remains what he has always been – a pet project of cynical outside forces. “It doesn’t matter if he crashes and burns after all these misadventures,” Sequera said of the coup figurehead. “To the Americans, he is expendable.”<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Top Photo | Venezuela’s self-declared interim leader Juan Guaido, center, greets supporters after a rally at a public plaza in Las Mercedes neighborhood of Caracas, Venezuela, Jan. 26, 2019. Fernando Llano | AP]<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Dan Cohen is a journalist and filmmaker. He has produced widely distributed video reports and print dispatches from across Israel-Palestine. Dan is a correspondent at RT America and tweets at @DanCohen3000.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Max Blumenthal is the founder and editor of GrayzoneProject.com, the co-host of the podcast Moderate Rebels, the author of several books and producer of full-length documentaries including the recently released Killing Gaza. Follow him on Twitter at @MaxBlumenthal.<p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;"><p source="Source" sans="Sans" pro="Pro" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 28px; padding: 0px;">Source | GrayZone Project</div><div></div><div>
</div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies</a></div><div>
</div><div>wikifluff neutral disputed</div><div>
</div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style="">The Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies (CANVAS) is a non-profit, non-governmental, educational institution focused on the use of nonviolent conflict, based in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Belgrade</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Serbia</a>. It was founded in 2004 by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C4%91a_Popovi%C4%87(activist)" title="Srđa Popović (activist)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Srđa Popović</a> and the CEO of Orion Telecom, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slobodan%C4%90inovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slobodan Đinović (page does not exist)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Slobodan Đinović</a>. Both were former members of the Serbian youth resistance movement, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otpor!" class="mw-redirect" title="Otpor!" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Otpor!</a>, which supported the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a> in October 2000.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a> Drawing upon the Serbian experience, CANVAS seeks to educate pro-democracy activists around the world in what it regards as the universal principles for success in nonviolent struggle.Established in Belgrade, CANVAS has worked with pro-democracy activists from more than 50 countries,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> including Iran, Zimbabwe, Burma, Venezuela, Ukraine, Georgia, Palestine, Western Sahara, West Papua, Eritrea, Belarus, Azerbaijan and Tonga and, recently, Tunisia and Egypt.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Di_Giovanni-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a>CANVAS’ training and methodology has been successfully applied by groups in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Georgia</a> (2003), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ukraine</a> (2004), Lebanon (2005), The Maldives (2008)?, Egypt (2011)?, Syria (2011)? and Ukraine (2014). It works only in response to requests for assistance.<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table;"><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Mission" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Mission</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Origins" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Origins</a><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Otpor!" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.1Otpor!</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Post-Milosevic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.2Post-Milosevic</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Organisational_structure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Organisational structure</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Teachings" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4Teachings</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Methods_for_knowledge_transfer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5Methods for knowledge transfer</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Successes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">6Successes</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Funding" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7Funding</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Controversy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8Controversy</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Awards" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9Awards</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#Publications" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">10Publications</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">11References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">12External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Mission[</h2>The core of CANVAS’s work is rather to spread the word of “people power” to the world than to achieve victories against one dictator or another. CANVAS' big mission is to explain to the world what a powerful tool nonviolent struggle is when it comes to achieving freedom, democracy and human rights.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Society.at-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Origins[</h2>CANVAS was established in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Belgrade</a> in 2004. Its founding members, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slobodan%C4%90inovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slobodan Đinović (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Slobodan Đinović</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C4%91a_Popovi%C4%87(activist)" title="Srđa Popović (activist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Srđa Popović</a>, were leaders of the Serbian youth resistance movement <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otpor!" class="mw-redirect" title="Otpor!" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Otpor!</a> (Serbian for Resistance!), which played an instrumental role in deposing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Slobodan Milošević</a> in 2000. CANVAS sees itself as the successor to a host of non-violent campaigners from India's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Gandhi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mohandas Gandhi</a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King Jr" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Martin Luther King Jr</a>. CANVAS has become known for its work with nonviolent democratic movements worldwide through the transfer of knowledge on strategies and tactics of nonviolent struggle.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a>Its founder's dream is to be a world where political change comes through nonviolent struggle.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a> CANVAS says it brings a more rigorous, strategic model and skill-set to the process, as well as an encyclopedic knowledge of recent global protest history.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Otpor![<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Otpor!" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h3>Established in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Belgrade</a> in October 1998, Otpor! emerged as a response to the introduction that year of repressive laws relating to the universities and mass media.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a> Following the war in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kosovo</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO" title="NATO" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">NATO</a> air-strikes in 1999, Otpor! began its political campaign against Milosevic throughout the country. Espousing the principle of nonviolence, it used an array of tactics, from slogans and chants to rock concerts and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Monty Python</a> street humour, to galvanise the Serbian population against Milosevic. Otpor! adopted as its symbol of resistance a clenched fist, black on white or white on black – a subversion of the communist imagery of a red fist which was favored by Milosevic.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a> Duda Petrovic, who designed the symbol explained, "I never knew it would be so important […] I drew it not out of ideals, but because I was in love with the Otpor girl who asked me to do it."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Di_Giovanni-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a>Authors credited Otpor's methods for stripping away the fear, fatalism and passivity that keep a dictator's subjects under oppression as well as turning passivity into action by making it easy — even cool — to become a revolutionary. The movement branded itself with hip slogans and graphics and rock music. It was influenced by nonviolent struggle leaders like Mohandas Gandhi, Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King, but also by pop-culture and humor such as the famous UK comedy series, "Monty Pythons Flying Circus".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a> Otpor's unified message and diverse membership proved much more attractive to young activists than the deeply divided opposition parties of the time.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a> Instead of long speeches, Otpor relied on humor and street theater that mocked the regime.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a>Over a period of two years, Otpor! grew from a dozen or so students into a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">grassroots</a> movement of over 70,000 people.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Di_Giovanni-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> Otpor! became one of the defining symbols of the anti-Milošević struggle and his subsequent overthrow. By aiming their activities at the pool of youth <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abstainers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abstainers (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">abstainers</a> and other disillusioned voters, Otpor contributed to one of the biggest turnouts ever for the 24 September 2000 federal presidential elections with a turnout of more than 4,77 million voters or 72% of total electorate.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a> Its campaign called "He Is Finished!" against Milosevic was seen by many as a key factor in his electoral defeat in September 2000 and subsequent overthrow.<h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;">Post-Milosevic[</h3>Following Otpor!’s success in Serbia, civic activists in other countries contacted Otpor! leaders with a view to emulating their success.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> One of Otpor!’s leaders, Djinovic, traveled to Belarus on a number of occasions to meet with a student movement. However, the student movement was reportedly infiltrated soon after and it collapsed.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a>Otpor!’s counterparts in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Georgia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Ukraine</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Lebanon</a> were more successful.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[14]</a> In Georgia, Otpor! leaders had begun working with a student movement called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kmara" title="Kmara" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Kmara</a> ("Enough!") in 2002. Kmara went on to play a prominent role in securing the resignation of President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> in November 2003 during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Rose Revolution</a>. In Ukraine, Otpor! worked with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pora" class="mw-redirect" title="Pora" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Pora</a> ("It’s time") youth movement - a key player in Ukraine's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Orange Revolution</a>, which took place between November 2004 and January 2005.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a>The decision to set up a training centre was taken in 2003, while Djinovic and Popovic were in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Africa</a> working with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Zimbabwean</a> activists.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> Popovic was a member of parliament at the time, a position he gave up in 2004 to concentrate on revolutionary activism. Djinovic had set up Serbia's first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless internet" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">wireless internet</a> provider in 2000. He currently funds approximately half of CANVAS’ work.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Organisational structure[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organisational structure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2>Headquartered in Belgrade, CANVAS is run by Slobodan Djinovic and Srdja Popovic. It has five full-time and one half-time employees who are paid as contractors and operate a network of international trainers with experience in successful democratic movements.They also hosts interns each academic semester and over summers.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Teachings[</h2>CANVAS emphasises the importance of "unity, nonviolent discipline and planning" as the keys to success in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">nonviolent resistance</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a>CANVAS teachings can be summarised in a few simple principles: Power in society is not fixed, and can shift very swiftly from one social group to another. It can become fragile and can be redistributed, especially in non-democratic regimes. Ultimately, power in society comes from the obedience of the people. And those people – each of whom is individually a small source of power – can change their minds, and refuse to follow commands.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a> In addition to that essential principles for the success of the movement are unity, planning and non-violent discipline. There must be a shared vision of tomorrow and a grand strategy for how to attain it. No movement can succeed if it bites off more than it can chew; instead, successful movements win small victories and build on them.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-So_you_want_a_revolution-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a> In an interview with Octavian Manea, Popovic was quoted as to say, "The power of “nonviolent struggle” lies in the mobilization of a great number of people around a common vision of tomorrow, building common strategy, followed by efficient nonviolent tactics and of course maintaining an offense and nonviolent discipline against your opponent." <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a>Preparation is seen by CANVAS as paramount. Former CANVAS trainer Ivan Marovic was quoted as saying in a February 2011 Foreign Policy article, "Revolutions are often seen as spontaneous... It looks as if people just went into the street. But it’s the result of months or years of preparation. It is very boring until you reach a certain point, where you can organise mass demonstrations or strikes. If it is carefully planned, by the time they start, everything is over in a matter of weeks."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a>As part of the planning process, CANVAS teaches activists to identify "pillars of support" – institutions or organisations such as the police, the army, organised religion and the educational establishment – to be won over. "It is crucial for nonviolent movements to pull people out of the pillars of support like the police or military, rather than push people inside these pillars and appear threatening or aggressive to them," Popovic was quoted as saying in an article published in Sojourners Magazine in May 2011.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a> To disarm the police in Serbia, Otpor! deployed such tactics as delivering cookies and flowers to police stations.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a>CANVAS also views the creation of a strong brand with the potential to attract widespread support as key to a movement's success. Slogans, songs and identity symbols – such as Otpor!’s clenched fist - all play an important role in this regard.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a> Together with clear articulation of a movement’s aims, CANVAS's teachings cover topics including nonviolent movements group identity, clear communication strategies with its target audiences and the development of solidarity among its activists in case they are arrested, detained or fired from their work. An important part of the curriculum is focused on how movements facing oppression can overcome fear and its adverse effects on people's morale and build enthusiasm.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Society.at-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a>For CANVAS, special attention should be given to developing movements` nonviolent discipline as "a single act of violence can destroy the credibility of a nonviolent movement".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Di_Giovanni-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> Accordingly, it teaches its students in techniques to avoid violence and how to face violence, particularly from the police and security forces.<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Methods for knowledge transfer[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Methods for knowledge transfer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2>CANVAS disseminates its knowledge through a variety of media, including workshops, books, DVDs and specialised courses. Its workshops have reportedly been attended by over 1,000 people from 37 countries.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a>In 2007, CANVAS published its book for students, "Canvas Core Curriculum: A Guide To Effective Nonviolent Struggle." It has also published a handbook manual for activists entitled "Non-Violent Struggle – 50 Crucial Points", which has been translated into Spanish, French, Serbian, Arabic and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Persian</a>. The publication has been downloaded some 20,000 times in the Middle East, mostly by Iranians.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a> CANVAS has also released an education film, "Bringing Down a Dictator."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a> CANVAS curriculum is easily adaptable and is designed to be taken anywhere.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a>In January 2008, CANVAS started a joint graduate program at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Belgrade" title="University of Belgrade" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Belgrade</a>’s Faculty of Political Science named Strategies and Methods of Nonviolent Social Change. The certified course is based on CANVAS’ core curriculum.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a> CANVAS members regularly teach and present an academic version of their Core Curriculum and hold workshops on strategy and organization of nonviolent struggle at variety of educational institutions worldwide, including: Harvard (Kennedy School Of Law), Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (TUFTS, Boston, MA), Johns Hopkins (SAIS), Columbia University, Rutgers (NJ), Colorado College (CO), Georgetown University (DC)...<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a>Since October 2011. Executive director of CANVAS Srdja Popovic holds the status of visiting Scholar at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriman_Institute" title="Harriman Institute" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harriman Institute</a>, one of the most prestigious graduate schools of public policy in the world <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_of_International_and_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="School of International and Public Affairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">School of International and Public Affairs</a> at Columbia University .<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Successes[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Successes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2>CANVAS has attracted publicity for its work with dissident groups in various countries. The clenched fist symbol was flying high on white flags in 2003 in Georgia, when nonviolent protesters stormed the country's parliament after the election fraud in an action that led to the toppling of former autocratic President Eduard Shevardnadze.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a> Recently, more substantial media attention was given to their successful work with groups from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Maldives</a> and, more recently and most notably, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Egypt</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a>In the Maldives, CANVAS gave training to the local opposition group and helped them end <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maumoon_Abdul_Gayoom" title="Maumoon Abdul Gayoom" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Maumoon Abdul Gayoom</a>’s 30-year presidential rule in 2008.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Di_Giovanni-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a>In Egypt, it emerged that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Adel(youth_leader)" title="Mohammed Adel (youth leader)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mohammed Adel</a>, one of the leaders of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_6_Youth_Movement" title="April 6 Youth Movement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">April 6 Youth Movement</a>, which became one of the most important organisers of the uprising in Egypt that led to the resignation of President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hosni Mubarak</a> in February 2011, had received training from CANVAS. Adel traveled to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Belgrade</a> to attend a 5-day CANVAS course in the strategies of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_revolution" title="Nonviolent revolution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">nonviolent revolution</a> in the summer of 2009.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> As he informed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera" title="Al Jazeera" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Al Jazeera</a> English in an interview on 9 February 2011, he "got trained in how to conduct peaceful demonstrations, how to avoid violence, and how to face violence from the security forces, and then how to train others in how to demonstrate peacefully and how to organise and get people on the streets."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a>Aside from the successes of its on the field workshops, CANVAS has contributed to the field of study of strategic nonviolent resistance, and continues to regularly comment on current political social movements. CANVAS coined the term <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughtivism" title="Laughtivism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Laughtivism</a> that is used to describe the use of humor in nonviolent struggle and that has been implemented by the New York based group <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Yes_Men" title="The Yes Men" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">The Yes Men</a> and also the term <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilemma_action" title="Dilemma action" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">dilemma action</a> which describes a tactic of nonviolent resistance of putting one's opponent in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-win_situation" title="No-win situation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">lose-lose situation</a>.<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Funding[</h2>CANVAS is a non-profit institution which relies solely on private funding; there is no charge for workshops and revolutionary know-how can be downloaded for free on the Internet.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a> CANVAS’ biggest individual funder is its founding member and media mogul, Slobodan Djinovic. Djinovic privately funds about half of CANVAS’ operating costs.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> CANVAS does not accept funding from individual governments.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Controversy[</h2>The governments of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Belarus</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Iran</a>, as well as former Venezuelan leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo Chavez" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hugo Chavez</a>, have accused CANVAS of being a "revolution-exporter". CANVAS denies this, emphasizing its role as educator and empowerer of peaceful methods. CANVAS leaders often stress that "in order to be successful, nonviolent movements must avoid taking any advice from foreigners, must be home-grown" and that "nonviolent revolutions cannot be exported-or imported".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-So_you_want_a_revolution-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a>In 2011, the hacker collective <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous(group)" title="Anonymous (group)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Anonymous</a> broke into the computer network of corporate intelligence agency <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratfor" title="Stratfor" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Stratfor</a>, and the subsequently leaked e-mails were published by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">WikiLeaks</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-36" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[36]</a> Included was correspondence between Srđa Popović and analysts at Stratfor, and Wikileaks tweeted that CANVAS was "used by Stratfor to spy on opposition groups."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a>In December 2013 Steve Horn and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Uncut" title="US Uncut" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">US Uncut</a> co-founder Carl Gibson published an article that sought to shed light on Popović's interactions with Stratfor, and criticized him for his apparently extensive interaction with Stratfor analysts, which ranged from passing them intelligence to inviting them to his wedding.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[38]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[39]</a> The article garnered heavy criticism from the New York-Based <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">culture-jammer</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Bichlbaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy Bichlbaum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Andy Bichlbaum</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-HuffPost2013-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a> (who served with Popović on the board of Waging Nonviolence at the time).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[41]</a> Gibson and Horn stood by their original critique,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[42]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[43]</a> pointing out that Popović served as a liaison between Stratfor and Muneer Satter, a prominent investment banker who worked at the time for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Goldman Sachs</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[44]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[45]</a> and that CANVAS funding was arranged by US <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_McFaul" title="Michael McFaul" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Ambassador Michael McFaul</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[46]</a>In February 2014, Wikileaks again drew attention to CANVAS' relationship with Stratfor, particularly with regards to Venezuela.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-48" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[48]</a>The use of Otpor!'s symbol of the clenched fist by many grassroots movements around the world has encouraged rumors that they are directly affiliated with CANVAS. The symbol, however, is not patented and CANVAS has, in fact, welcomed the reuse of the symbol by resistance movements in any nonviolent struggle, including those with whom the organization has had no direct contact. Notably, the symbol has been utilized by activists in such countries as Russia, Venezuela, Serbia, Kenya, and Egypt.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-49" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[49]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-50" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[50]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-51" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[51]</a>CANVAS has been listed as a terrorist organization by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United Arab Emirates</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-52" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[52]</a><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Awards[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2>In November 2010, CANVAS was awarded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Lauitzen_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Lauitzen Award (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Paul Lauitzen Award</a> for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Human Rights</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-53" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[53]</a>In November 2011. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Foreign Policy</a> Magazine credited Srdja Popovic, Executive director of CANVAS as one of their "Top 100 Global Thinkers" for his role in spreading the idea and educating activists about nonviolent social change.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-54" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[54]</a>In February 2012, Srdja Popovic was named to "The Smart List 2012" by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_UK" title="Wired UK" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wired UK</a> magazine as one of 50 people who will change the world.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-55" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[55]</a>Speculation to the Nobel Peace Prize 2012: PRIO Director's Speculations mentions CANVAS leader, Srdja Popovic, among the candidates for the award. With nonviolent resistance in the headlines in much of 2011, Popovic and his organization has been instrumental in disseminating knowledge of non-violence globally.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-56" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[56]</a>In February 2016, CANVAS and Srdja Popovic were awarded the Jean Mayers Award by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tufts University</a>.<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">Publications[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Publications" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Nonviolent Struggle: 50 Crucial Points (2006), available in English, Spanish, French, Arabic, Fars, and Serbian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-canvasopedia.org-57" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[57]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">CANVAS Core Curriculum: A Guide to Effective Nonviolent Struggle (2007), available in English, Arabic, and Persian<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-canvasopedia.org-57" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[57]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">A Brief History of Otpor (2008), available in English<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-canvasopedia.org-57" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[57]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Making Oppression Backfire (2013), available in Arabic<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_note-canvasopedia.org-57" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[57]</a></li></ul><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;">References[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 32em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101175132/http://www.canvasopedia.org/slobodan-djinovic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Who We Are -Slobodan-Djinovic"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CANVAS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CANVAS (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CANVAS</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canvasopedia.org/slobodan-djinovic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+We+Are+-Slobodan-Djinovic&rft.pub=CANVAS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canvasopedia.org%2Fslobodan-djinovic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Rosenberg-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">c</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">d</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">e</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">f</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">g</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">h</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">i</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">j</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">k</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Rosenberg_2-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">l</a> Rosenberg, Tina (16 February 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/02/16/revolution_u" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Revolution U – What Egypt learned from the students who overthrew Milosevic</a>, Foreign Policy. Retrieved 20 July 2011</li><li id="cite_note-Di_Giovanni-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Di_Giovanni_3-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Di_Giovanni_3-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Di_Giovanni_3-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">c</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Di_Giovanni_3-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">d</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Di_Giovanni_3-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">e</a> Di Giovanni, Janine (18 March 2011) Blueprint for a revolution, Financial Times.</li><li id="cite_note-Society.at-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Society.at_4-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-Society.at_4-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812044020/http://www.society.at/magazin-diplomatie/245-the-expertise-behind-nonviolent-revolutions.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"SOCIETY Magazin - The Expertise Behind Nonviolent Revolutions"</a>. Society.at. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.society.at/magazin-diplomatie/245-the-expertise-behind-nonviolent-revolutions.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 28 August2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SOCIETY+Magazin+-+The+Expertise+Behind+Nonviolent+Revolutions&rft.pub=Society.at&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.society.at%2Fmagazin-diplomatie%2F245-the-expertise-behind-nonviolent-revolutions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-5" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170509090050/http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/films/bdd/story/cast.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">""Bringing Down The Dictator: Main Characters""</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/films/bdd/story/cast.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a>on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Bringing+Down+The+Dictator%3A+Main+Characters%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aforcemorepowerful.org%2Ffilms%2Fbdd%2Fstory%2Fcast.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-6" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/exporting_nonviolent_revolution_eastern_europe_mideast/2316231.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">[1]</a></li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE75E24020110616?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Reuters: Serbian activist teaches lessons in revolution Thu 16 Jun 2011</a></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-8" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Nikolayenko, Olena, Otpor, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements</li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-9" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Cohen, Roger (26 November 2000) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/26/magazine/who-really-brought-down-milosevic.html?pagewanted=6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Who really brought down Milosevic</a>, New York Times, Retrieved 20 July 2011</li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/2011/10/gandhi-meets-monty-python-the-comedic-turn-in-nonviolent-tactics/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">[2]</a> , Wayne Grytting, "Gandhi Meets Monty Python", October 2011</li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-11" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/749469.stm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Analysis: Otpor's Challenge to Milosevic</a></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-12" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://blog.chron.com/bookish/2011/03/cmon-everyones-doing-it-a-review-of-tina-rosenbergs-new-book/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">[3]</a> , Tina Rosenberg, "Join The Club" How Peer Pressure can transform the society, March 2011</li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-13" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9gGKtLTQlUcC&pg=PA442&lpg=PA442&dq=turnout+to+serbian+elections+september+2000&source=bl&ots=Sx8gq00z1s&sig=rw265i4M-ST7O8HM7IsAG9RC6Xs&hl=en&ei=WuWmToCqCIWB4gTUuJnhDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&sqi=2&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=turnout%20to%20serbian%20elections%20september%202000&f=false" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">[4]</a>, Janusz Bugajski, "Political Parties in Eastern Europe" 2002</li><li id="cite_note-abcnews.go.com-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-abcnews.go.com_14-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-abcnews.go.com_14-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-abcnews.go.com_14-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=12969545" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">[5]</a>; Serbian Ousters Of Milosevic Made Mark in Egypt, DUSAN STOJANOVIC and JOVANA GEC, Associated Press, 22 February 2011</li><li id="cite_note-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-15" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrNz0dZgqN8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Egypt: Seeds of change</a>, Al Jazeera English (9 February 2011)</li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-16" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turning-the-tide.org/node/543" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Turning the tide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425152347/http://www.turning-the-tide.org/node/543" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>;Nonviolent power for social change, September 2011</li><li id="cite_note-So_you_want_a_revolution-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-So_you_want_a_revolution_17-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-So_you_want_a_revolution_17-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/so-you-want-a-revolution-2351909.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">So you want a revolution...</a>;The Independent, 11 September 2011</li><li id="cite_note-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-18" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Manea, Octavian and Srdja Popovic, "The Non-Violent Struggle as Asymmetric Warfare: Interview with Srdja Popovic", 26 March 2012, Small Wars Journal, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/nonviolent-struggle-as-asymmetric-warfare-interview-with-srdja-popovic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/nonviolent-struggle-as-asymmetric-warfare-interview-with-srdja-popovic</a>, 30 May 2012</li><li id="cite_note-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-19" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Berger, Rose Marie (May 2011) Nothing spontaneous about it, Sojourners Magazine (Vol. 40, No. 5, pp.20)</li><li id="cite_note-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-20" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Wölfl, Adelhaid (10 March 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://derstandard.at/1297820075750/Gewaltloser-Kampf-50-entscheidende-Punkte-Serbische-Beratung-bei-Revolutionen" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Gewaltloser kampf, 50 entscheidended punkte – Serbiche beratung bei revolutionen</a>, Der Standard. Serbicshe beratung, Retrieved 20 July 2011</li><li id="cite_note-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-21" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Apps, Peter, "Serbian ActivistTeaches Lessons in Revolution", 16 June 2011, Reuters, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/06/16/uk-revolution-idUKTRE75F2E820110616" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/06/16/uk-revolution-idUKTRE75F2E820110616</a>, 30 May 2012</li><li id="cite_note-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-22" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/article/37103/egypt-revolution-serbia-otpor-pora-canvas-youth.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Canvas, Otpor, Pora: Serbia’s brand is non-violent revolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110908001025/http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/article/37103/egypt-revolution-serbia-otpor-pora-canvas-youth.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> 8 September 2011 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>, Cafebable.com. (31 March 2011), Retrieved 20 July 2011</li><li id="cite_note-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-23" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Wölfl, Adelhaid (10 March 2011) Gewaltloser kampf, 50 entscheidended punkte – Serbiche beratung bei revolutionen, Der Standard</li><li id="cite_note-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-24" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Roser, Thomas (28 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/politik/article12659478/Von-Gandhi-lernen.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Von Gandhi lernen</a> Die Welt Drucken Bewerten. Retrieved 20 July 2011</li><li id="cite_note-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-25" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Williams, Emma, "A Velvet Fist", May /June 2012, Intelligent Life, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/a-velvet-fist?page=0%2C1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">http://moreintelligentlife.com/content/ideas/a-velvet-fist?page=0%2C1</a>, 30 May 2012</li><li id="cite_note-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-26" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904075722/http://www.canvasopedia.org/graduate-program-on-faculty-of-political-science.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canvasopedia.org/graduate-program-on-faculty-of-political-science.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 4 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canvasopedia.org%2Fgraduate-program-on-faculty-of-political-science.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988">, Downloaded 20 July 2011</li><li id="cite_note-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-27" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331092659/http://events.jhu.edu/event/2011_nonviolent_struggle_lessons_from_serbia_applied_in_north_africa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Nonviolent Struggle: Lessons From Serbia Applied in North Africa - Dupont Circle - Washington DC"</a>. events.jhu.edu. 29 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://events.jhu.edu/event/2011_nonviolent_struggle_lessons_from_serbia_applied_in_north_africa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nonviolent+Struggle%3A+Lessons+From+Serbia+Applied+in+North+Africa+-+Dupont+Circle+-+Washington+DC&rft.pub=events.jhu.edu&rft.date=2010-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevents.jhu.edu%2Fevent%2F2011_nonviolent_struggle_lessons_from_serbia_applied_in_north_africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-28" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001071320/http://calendar.columbia.edu/sundial/webapi/get.php?brand=sipa_sa&id=48840&vt=detail&context=standalone" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"SIPA: School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University"</a>. Calendar.columbia.edu. 5 April 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calendar.columbia.edu/sundial/webapi/get.php?brand=sipa_sa&id=48840&vt=detail&context=standalone" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SIPA%3A+School+of+International+and+Public+Affairs+at+Columbia+University&rft.pub=Calendar.columbia.edu&rft.date=2011-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalendar.columbia.edu%2Fsundial%2Fwebapi%2Fget.php%3Fbrand%3Dsipa_sa%26id%3D48840%26vt%3Ddetail%26context%3Dstandalone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-29" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001071320/http://calendar.columbia.edu/sundial/webapi/get.php?brand=sipa_sa&id=48840&vt=detail&context=standalone" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Columbia, SIPA 5 April 2011"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calendar.columbia.edu/sundial/webapi/get.php?brand=sipa_sa&id=48840&vt=detail&context=standalone" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columbia%2C+SIPA+5+April+2011.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalendar.columbia.edu%2Fsundial%2Fwebapi%2Fget.php%3Fbrand%3Dsipa_sa%26id%3D48840%26vt%3Ddetail%26context%3Dstandalone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-30" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hks.harvard.edu/kokkalis/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Harvard, Kennedy School Of Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017173135/http://www.hks.harvard.edu/kokkalis/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> 17 October 2011 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>, October 2011</li><li id="cite_note-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-31" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite id="CITEREFBade2012" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Bade, Gavin (16 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.georgetownvoice.com/2012/10/16/professor-of-revolution-gives-gu-a-crash-course-in-nonviolent-action/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"'Professor of Revolution' gives GU a crash course in nonviolent action"</a>. Vox Populi. Retrieved 6 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Professor+of+Revolution%27+gives+GU+a+crash+course+in+nonviolent+action&rft.pub=Vox+Populi&rft.date=2012-10-16&rft.aulast=Bade&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.georgetownvoice.com%2F2012%2F10%2F16%2Fprofessor-of-revolution-gives-gu-a-crash-course-in-nonviolent-action%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-32" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harrimaninstitute.org/events/event_archive.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Columbia, SIPA November 2011</a></li><li id="cite_note-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-33" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Leibovitz, Liel, "The Revolutionist" March 2012, The Atlantic, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/03/the-revolutionist/8881/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/03/the-revolutionist/8881/</a>, 30 May 2012</li><li id="cite_note-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-34" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Egypt: Seeds of change, Al Jazeera English</li><li id="cite_note-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-35" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://motherjones.com/politics/2010/03/maldives-democracy-popovic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Fantasy Island: Democracy Edition</a>;Mother Jones, March/April 2010</li><li id="cite_note-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-36" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Amy Goodman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/mar/01/stratfor-wikileaks-obama-administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Stratfor, Wikileaks, and the Obama Administration's War Against the Truth"</a>, The Guardian (1 March 2012).</li><li id="cite_note-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-37" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/401741466667454465" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Wikileaks twitter, 8:00 AM - 16 Nov 2013</a></li><li id="cite_note-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-38" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Carl Gibson and Steve Horn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/12/03/globally-renowned-activist-collaborated-with-stratfor/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Exposed: Globally Renowned Activist Collaborated with Intelligence Firm Stratfor,"</a> Counterpunch (3 Dec 2013)</li><li id="cite_note-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-39" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Carl Gibson and Steve Horn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.occupy.com/article/exposed-globally-renowned-activist-collaborated-intelligence-firm-stratfor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Exposed: Globally Renowned Activist Collaborated with Intelligence Firm Stratfor,"</a> Occupy.com (12 February 2013).</li><li id="cite_note-HuffPost2013-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-HuffPost2013_40-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation news cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/the-yes-men/how-yellow-journalism-screws-the-left_b_4387341.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"How Yellow Journalism Screws the Left"</a>. The Huffington Post. 12 April 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=How+Yellow+Journalism+Screws+the+Left&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fthe-yes-men%2Fhow-yellow-journalism-screws-the-left_b_4387341.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-41" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wagingnonviolence.org/2013/11/stratfor-canvas/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Are activists being used as spies?" Waging Nonviolence, 20 Nov 2013</a></li><li id="cite_note-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-42" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Carl Gibson and Steve Horn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.occupy.com/article/how-defending-private-intelligence-firm-collaborators-screws-grassroots-activists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"How Defending Private Intelligence Collaborators Screws Grassroots Activists"</a> Occupy.com (5 Dec 2013).</li><li id="cite_note-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-43" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzlSc4aS31A" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Does a Globally Renowned Activist Have Ties to Global Intelligence Firm Stratfor?,"</a> Acronym TV (8 Dec 2013).</li><li id="cite_note-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-44" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1765749" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"RE: meeting with Goldman Sachs partner,"</a> Wikileaks: The Global Intelligence Files.</li><li id="cite_note-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-45" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1756086" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"RE: putting you and George in touch, 2010-05-14,"</a> Wikileaks: The Global Intelligence Files.</li><li id="cite_note-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-46" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1746019" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">http://search.wikileaks.org/gifiles/?viewemailid=1746019</a></li><li id="cite_note-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-47" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularresistance.org/wikileaks-exposed-us-efforts-to-destabilize-venezuela/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Wikileaks Exposed US' Efforts To Destabilize Venezuela" Popularresistance.org, 19 February 2014</a></li><li id="cite_note-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-48" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/53422" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Paul Dobson, "WikiLeaks reveals imperialist plots against Venezuela" Green Left Weekly, 24 February 2013</a></li><li id="cite_note-49" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-49" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Robert Amsterdam, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://robertamsterdam.com/2007/07/oleg_kozlovsky_romantics_learn_to_use_their_fists/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Oleg Kozlovsky: Romantics Learn to Use Their Fists"</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130608074050/http://robertamsterdam.com/2007/07/oleg_kozlovsky_romantics_learn_to_use_their_fists/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> 8 June 2013 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a> RobertAmsterdam.com, 24 July 2007</li><li id="cite_note-50" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-50" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Nicholas Schmidle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/03/maldives-democracy-popovic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Fantasy Island: Democracy Edition"</a> Mother Jones, March/April 2010</li><li id="cite_note-51" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-51" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }Jeroen de Zeeuw, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fride.org/download/IP_WMD_Kenia_ENG_jul10.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Assessing Democracy Assistance: Kenya"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306065810/http://www.fride.org/download/IP_WMD_Kenia_ENG_jul10.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> 6 March 2012 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a> FRIDE, May 2010</li><li id="cite_note-52" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-52" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inserbia.info/today/2014/11/canvas-finds-itself-on-uae-terrorist-list/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Canvas Finds Itself On UAE Terrorist List"</a>. InSerbia.info. November 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canvas+Finds+Itself+On+UAE+Terrorist+List&rft.pub=InSerbia.info&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finserbia.info%2Ftoday%2F2014%2F11%2Fcanvas-finds-itself-on-uae-terrorist-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentre+for+Applied+Nonviolent+Action+and+Strategies" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-53" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-53" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2010&mm=12&dd=09&nav_category=12&nav_id=478019" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">[6]</a></li><li id="cite_note-54" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-54" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Foreign Policy Magazine: 2011 Top Global Thinkers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012135256/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> 12 October 2014 at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wayback Machine</a>;Foreign Policy Magazine, December 2011</li><li id="cite_note-55" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Applied_Nonviolent_Action_and_Strategies#cite_ref-55" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2012/02/features/the-smart-list" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canvasopedia.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" skins.vector.styles="skins.vector.styles" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Official website</a></li></ul></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nonviolence_organizations_based_in_Serbia" title="Category:Nonviolence organizations based in Serbia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nonviolence organizations based in Serbia</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2004_establishments_in_Serbia" title="Category:2004 establishments in Serbia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2004 establishments in Serbia</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_designated_as_terrorist_in_Europe" title="Category:Organizations designated as terrorist in Europe" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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