Sunoco

=see suncor, tar sand, stratfor=<div class="newswire__body" style="font-size: small; box-sizing: border-box;">west va  <li helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" light="Light" roboto="Roboto" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" display="display" inline-block="inline-block" padding-right="padding-right" padding-left="padding-left" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">By Alex Brown Stateline.org (TNS)</li> <li class="hidden-print" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" light="Light" roboto="Roboto" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" box-sizing="box-sizing" border-box="border-box" display="display" inline-block="inline-block" padding-right="padding-right" padding-left="padding-left" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><time datetime="2022-04-17T18:10:00-04:00" class="tnt-date asset-date text-muted" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(119, 119, 119);">Apr 17, 2022</time></li> https://www.register-herald.com/news/some-cities-states-say-big-oil-should-pay-for-climate-damage in the waning days of 2021, a grass fire broke out in Boulder County, Colorado. Fueled by extreme drought and high winds, the fire swept through the communities of Superior and Louisville. Within hours, it had destroyed more than a thousand structures — making the Marshall fire the most destructive in the state’s history. The December fire was an extraordinary event, but perhaps a preview of the new normal under the conditions caused by climate change. Late last month, another fire forced the evacuation of 18,000 residents in and around Boulder. Fortunate winds saved the city from catastrophic damage, but the near-miss — and the timing well outside of the region’s traditional fire season — was a warning sign of what’s to come. “We've already experienced impacts (from climate change), but nowhere near the amount that we're likely to experience in the coming decades,” said Aaron Brockett, Boulder’s mayor. “We have a lot of work to do to make our community more resilient.” Boulder leaders are working to reduce fuel loads in the forests and open spaces owned by the city. They’re seeking to make the neighborhoods bordering those lands more fire resilient. They’re hoping to upgrade fire stations and equipment. And they’re planning projects to reduce flood risk from the severe storms that climate change is likely to bring. That work will cost tens, if not hundreds, of millions of dollars. And local leaders think oil companies should pay for it. In February, the city and county of Boulder, along with San Miguel County in western Colorado, scored a significant win in their legal fight against Exxon Mobil and Suncor energy companies when a federal appeals court ruled that the case would remain in state court. Local governments earned another win last week when a different federal appeals court ruled that Baltimore’s case against oil companies also belonged in state court. The decisions were the first under new U.S. Supreme Court guidelines, established last May as part of Baltimore’s climate lawsuit, directing appeals courts to take a more expansive look at oil companies’ arguments that the cases belong in federal court. The rulings have been closely watched by the nearly two dozen states, cities and counties that have filed lawsuits likewise seeking payment from fossil fuel companies for the damages caused by climate change. Oil companies, with the backing of some other states, have fought to move the cases to federal court, where they think national regulations around drilling, refining, emissions and air quality would invalidate the legal claims against them. The local governments that have sued say their cases rest on Big Oil’s deception about the harm its products would cause, giving them a foothold under state law to seek damages. The jurisdictional battle, which more federal appeals courts are likely to rule on this year, will have massive implications for whether the climate lawsuits proceed to local jury trials. If they do, it would set up a high-stakes showdown over the still uncertain territory of legal accountability for climate change — with billions of dollars on the line. Several states and industry groups have weighed in to support the oil companies, arguing that rulings against them could devastate the industry and make energy more expensive. “If it’s in federal court, (the oil companies) win,” said Hannah Wiseman, a professor of law at Penn State University’s College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. “These cities are wise to the precedent, and they’ve made clear they’re raising issues of state tort law and not arguing for federal climate policy. They're doing a good job of that, and it’s hard to predict how the courts will ultimately come out.” The governments suing the oil industry come from regions facing sea level rise, wildfires, drought, flooding and severe weather. They cite extensive news reporting — including investigations from the Los Angeles Times, Inside Climate News and The Guardian — that shows oil companies understood the dangers of climate change decades ago but led campaigns to undermine the scientific consensus that their products were contributing to a growing crisis. “By the ‘70s, (oil companies) knew that a lack of action on moving away from fossil fuels would cause dramatic changes to the climate,” Brockett said. “Meanwhile, the burden for repairing the damage falls on local communities, and we don't have the financial wherewithal to bear that burden.” Backers of the lawsuits compare them to landmark cases against tobacco and opioid manufacturers, which resulted in multibillion-dollar settlements over the public health crises fueled by their products and business practices. “They're just saying, ‘You violated state law, because you deceived us about what you knew about your products in order to sell more of them,’” said Bob Percival, director of the University of Maryland’s environmental law program. “The oil companies are desperate to avoid a public trial that would focus attention on what they knew, when they knew it and how they tried to deceive the public.” The cases mark an unprecedented attempt to assert legal accountability for climate change, a crisis with worldwide causes and consequences. “The fact that it's a global phenomenon is obviously the thing that distinguishes these tort actions from any case we've seen before,” said Pat Parenteau, a professor of environmental law at Vermont Law School, who also serves in an informal advisory group that supports some of the governments’ cases. The oil companies named in the cases argue that federal energy and pollution policies should preempt state claims. Exxon Mobil and Suncor have contended in court filings in the Colorado lawsuit that they followed federal regulations on drilling, refining and distributing fossil fuels. The companies also assert that the lawsuits are backdoor attempts to establish climate policy through the courts, since Congress has failed to take meaningful action. "On jurisdictional matters, climate change is a national issue that requires a federal solution, not a patchwork of various state-based rulings," said William Allison, spokesperson for Energy In Depth, a research and public outreach project of the Independent Petroleum Association of America, a trade group. Major companies facing the lawsuits — BP, Chevron, Exxon Mobil, Suncor, the American Petroleum Institute, Koch Industries and Shell — did not respond to Stateline’s requests for comment. Supporters of the lawsuits say the cases aren’t about enforcing or enacting policies to reduce carbon emissions, but rather about seeking accountability for what they say are decades of dishonesty that contributed to political inaction on climate change. Many of the cases have been through years of legal wrangling, and the current battle centers on whether they should be heard in state or federal court. Those backing the lawsuits say local juries should hear the cases. “These cases, which are fundamentally about local injuries to communities, should be heard in state court,” said Marco Simons, general counsel with EarthRights International, which is representing the Colorado communities. “Our cases are not about stopping climate change writ large or broader policy issues. They're about paying for damages suffered by these communities.” But some states have weighed in to argue that the cases belong in federal court. For example, Indiana has filed multiple amicus briefs in favor of oil companies, including a recent filing with 13 states in the case brought by Baltimore. “These claims are displaced by the existing federal regulatory scheme, which tells us the limits in advance on extraction, refinement and use of fossil fuels,” Tom Fisher, Indiana’s solicitor general, said in an interview. “If a court in California decides that Exxon and Chevron are responsible under public nuisance theory for causing global climate change and that requires an injunction to limit their output, that's obviously going to affect Indiana and other states.” Some business groups, including the Manufacturers’ Accountability Project, an arm of the National Association of Manufacturers that fights climate litigation, also have urged federal courts to take jurisdiction. “(C)limate policy is federal and regulatory in nature — not one that can be decided by state courts,” Phil Goldberg, the project’s special counsel, wrote in an email to Stateline. The National League of Cities, which advocates for municipal governments, takes a different view. “This is really about federalism principles and where cases should be heard if there's a local harm,” said Carolyn Berndt, the group’s legislative director for sustainability. “The local harm in this case happens to be climate change, and the right court for this is state court.” Although federal judges mostly have ruled that the cases belong in state court, a U.S. Supreme Court ruling last May forced federal appeals courts to reevaluate those decisions because they hadn’t considered all the energy companies’ arguments. This February, the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the case filed by the Colorado municipalities would remain in state court, the first decision under the new Supreme Court guidelines. Last week, the 4th Circuit ruled that Baltimore’s case against oil companies also belonged in state court. Several other circuit courts have yet to rule under the new guidelines. “This is an important year,” said Richard Wiles, president of the Center for Climate Integrity, a nonprofit that supports communities that are taking on oil companies. “If these cases end up in state court, that’s a really good sign. If one of the circuits goes (the oil companies’) way, that could create grounds for an appeal to the Supreme Court.” While several federal appeals court decisions await, some cases are moving ahead. Last month, a Hawaii Circuit Court judge ruled that a lawsuit filed by Honolulu could proceed to trial even as the jurisdictional issues are still being settled. The case could be the first to reach the discovery phase, an outcome advocates say energy companies have fought tooth-and-nail to avoid. “They absolutely do not want it to get that far,” said Tommy Waters, chair of the Honolulu City Council. “What are they hiding?” Waters said Honolulu is facing billions in damages from sea level rise alone, and it also requires expensive upgrades to its stormwater infrastructure to handle extreme precipitation. “Our roads are falling into the ocean, homes are falling into the ocean, our beaches are disappearing,” he said. “We simply can’t afford it.” Another case, filed by the state of Massachusetts against Exxon Mobil, also is moving toward discovery. That lawsuit, like most of the cases brought by state attorneys general, focuses on consumer fraud violations. Such lawsuits seek civil penalties, rather than restitution for the costs of climate mitigation. If the local governments prove their cases against the oil companies, the implications would be massive. Courts may have to determine the extent to which a given company is responsible for the climate damages in a particular region. “Science has made great strides in being able to attribute what percentage of temperature rise and what impacts are associated with a particular company's emissions,” said Percival, the University of Maryland professor. “There are now some really distinguished experts who can testify about how to apportion the harm.” And if some cities and counties are successful, advocates expect a deluge of others to file suits. “If these cases are ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, then every city in the country could follow suit,” said Wiles of the Center for Climate Integrity. “There isn't a city budget out there that couldn't use help from the oil companies for their climate-driven adaptation costs.” Backers of the lawsuits acknowledge that the costs of dealing with climate change nationwide are far more than the oil companies could bear. “If these cases all go to their logical extreme, [the oil companies] all go bankrupt,” said Parenteau, the Vermont Law School professor. “They should.” Others argue that outcome is why the cases should be dropped. “We choose to use energy, which is mostly fossil fuel, because it makes our lives better,” said Wayne Winegarden, a senior fellow at the Pacific Research Institute, a California-based think tank that advocates for free market principles and is supported in part by oil industry-affiliated groups. “Imagine they win $100 billion in one of the suits. That becomes a per-barrel tax that gets passed on to consumers.” 2022 The Pew Charitable Trusts. Visit at stateline.org. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LL</div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</div><div>=</div><div><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20131205/worst-case-scenario-oil-sands-industry-has-come-life-leaked-document-shows">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20131205/worst-case-scenario-oil-sands-industry-has-come-life-leaked-document-shows</a></div><div>
</div><div><div class="content" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded" style="box-sizing: inherit;">As environmentalists began ratcheting up pressure against Canada's <a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/oil-sands" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">tar sands</a> three years ago, one of the world's biggest strategic consulting firms was tapped to help the North American oil industry figure out how to handle the mounting activism. The resulting document, published online by WikiLeaks, offers another window into how oil and gas companies have been scrambling to deal with unrelenting opposition to their growth plans.The document identifies nearly two-dozen environmental organizations leading the anti-oil sands movement and puts them into four categories: radicals, idealists, realists and opportunists—with how-to's for managing each. It also reveals that the worst-case scenario presented to industry about the movement's growing influence seems to have come to life.The <a href="http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/873021-33714-suncor-presentation-1210-6.html" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">December 2010 presentation</a> by <a href="http://www.stratfor.com/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Strategic Forecasting, or Stratfor</a>, a global intelligence firm based in Texas, mostly advised oil sands companies to ignore or limit reaction to the then-burgeoning tar sands opposition movement because "activists lack influence in politics." But there was a buried warning for industry under one scenario: Letting the movement grow unopposed may bring about "the most significant environmental campaign of the decade.""This worst-case scenario is exactly what has happened," partly because opposition to tar sands development has expanded beyond nonprofit groups to include individual activists concerned about <a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/climate-change" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">climate change</a>, said <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/media-center/experts/Mark-Floegel/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Mark Floegel</a>, a senior investigator for Greenpeace. "The more people in America see Superstorm Sandys or tornadoes in Chicago, the more they are waking up and joining the fight."<div class="DV-container" id="DV-viewer-873021-33714-suncor-presentation-1210-6" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit;">
</div>Since the presentation was prepared, civil disobedience and <a href="http://insideclimatenews.org/news/20130131/president-obama-john-kerry-keystone-xl-pipeline-oil-sands-tar-sands-climate-change-global-warming-transcanada" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">protests against the tar sands have sprung up from coast to coast</a>. The movement has helped delay President Obama's decision on the <a href="http://insideclimatenews.org/topic/keystone-xl" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Keystone XL pipeline</a>—designed to funnel Canada's landlocked oil sands crude to refineries on the Gulf Coast—and has held up another contentious pipeline in Canada, the <a href="http://insideclimatenews.org/news/20120727/first-nations-british-columbia-northern-gateway-pipeline-oil-sands-dilbit-enbridge-canada-supreme-court-china" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Northern Gateway to the Pacific Coast</a>.The Power Point document, titled "Oil Sands Market Campaigns," was recently made public by WikiLeaks, part of a larger release of hacked files from Stratfor, whose clients include the Departments of Homeland Security and Defense, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon and the American Petroleum Institute, the oil industry lobby. It appears to have been created for Calgary-based petroleum giant <a href="http://www.suncor.com/default.aspx" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Suncor Energy</a>, Canada's largest oil sands producer.The company told InsideClimate News that it did not hire Stratfor and never saw such a presentation. Suncor is mentioned 11 times in the document's 35 pages and all of Stratfor's advice seems to be directed at the energy company. For example, one slide says, "Campaign ends quickly with a resolution along the lines Suncor had wanted." In several emails released by WikiLeaks, Stratfor employees discuss a $14,890 payment Suncor owes the company for two completed projects, though no details were provided.The presentation is the latest in a series of revelations that suggest energy companies—which for most of their history seemed unfazed by activists—have been looking for ways to dilute environmentalists' growing influence.Earlier this year, TransCanada, the Canadian energy company behind the Keystone XL, <a href="http://www.eenews.net/stories/1059982632" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">briefed Nebraska law enforcement authorities</a> on how to prosecute demonstrators protesting the 1,200-mile project. In 2011, Range Resources, an oil and gas company, <a href="http://desmogblog.com/gas-fracking-industry-using-military-psychological-warfare-tactics-and-personnel-u-s-communities" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">allegedly hired combat veterans</a> with experience in psychological warfare to squash opposition of natural gas drilling."The Stratfor presentation isn't a complete surprise," said <a href="http://understory.ran.org/author/sparki/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Scott Parkin</a>, a senior campaigner for the Rainforest Action Network and volunteer organizer for Rising Tide North America, both grassroots environmental groups. "As opposition has grown, coal, oil and gas companies are all starting to put more money into responding—from surveillance to protection to public relations."Who Is TargetedFor each of Stratfor's categories of environmental activist—radicals, idealists, realists and opportunists—the presentation explains how their campaigns are structured and how the fossil fuel industry could deal with them.Three grassroots organizations—<a href="http://www.risingtidenorthamerica.org/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Rising Tide North America</a>, <a href="http://priceofoil.org/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Oil Change International</a> and the <a href="http://www.ienearth.org/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Indigenous Environmental Network</a>—were labeled radicals. <a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Greenpeace</a> and the <a href="http://ran.org/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Rainforest Action Network</a> were classified as a cross between radicals and idealists. <a href="http://www.sierraclub.org/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Sierra Club</a>, the nation's largest environmental group, <a href="http://www.amnesty.org/" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Amnesty International</a> and <a href="http://www.cbecal.org/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Communities for a Better Environment</a>, among others, were labeled idealists. Several mainstream environmental groups, including the <a href="http://www.nwf.org/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">National Wildlife Federation</a>, <a href="http://worldwildlife.org/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">World Wildlife Fund</a>, <a href="http://www.nrdc.org/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Natural Resources Defense Council</a> and <a href="http://www.ceres.org/" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Ceres</a>, a nonprofit that organizes businesses, investors and public interest groups, were called realists.It then lays out tactics the groups would use to push for change. They include holding demonstrations outside annual meetings and marketing events, generating fear of oil spills and other environmental disasters, targeting CEOs and their families, collaborating with other green groups, and splitting the fossil fuel industry on the issue by praising companies working with activists and publicly shaming those that aren't.The presentation says that while environmental groups are publicly fighting to stop the expansion of the oil sands, their "real demand" is for fossil fuel companies to adopt a "global code of conduct"—a set of best practices not required by law, but that take into consideration things like greenhouse gas reduction policies and human rights.The Power Point also describes all the ways fossil fuel companies like Suncor could choose to react to green groups' campaigns, such as limiting contact with the organizations, intentionally delaying negotiations, developing its own environmental initiatives to overshadow activists' demands, or simply not responding. It provides the pros and cons of each public relations decision, as well as the best- and worst-case outcomes for each.For example, Stratfor said that choosing not to respond could be useful because in 2010, "activists are not stopping oil sands' growth and they have no power in Alberta or Ottawa. Chance of success with U.S. government is slim." The best outcome from a no-response strategy, according to the presentation, is that green "groups move to fracturing [natural gas <a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/fracking" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">fracking</a>] or some other venue to press for the first major code of conduct."Stratfor would not answer questions about the presentation because it has a policy not to comment on any of the WikiLeaks documents.Several environmental groups named in the Stratfor presentation said they weren't surprised by the consulting firm's assessment of their work, but were disappointed, especially by its assumption that all they wanted was a code of conduct."The environmental community has been very united in saying that we need to stop tar sands expansion and clean up the mess already made there," said <a href="http://www.nrdc.org/about/staff/susan-casey-lefkowitz" target="blank" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold;">Susan Casey-Lefkowitz</a>, director of the Natural Resources Defense Council's international program. "That's the only real path forward if we're going to protect not only the health of communities on the ground in the boreal forests near the tar sands region, but also around the world from the impacts of climate change. We're not looking for a code of conduct."For many, the leaked presentation provided proof that their work was having an impact, boosting their confidence to keep protesting."Knowing that groups like Stratfor are targeting us, surveying us, and also analyzing us shows how powerful these movements have become," said Parkin of the Rainforest Action Network and Rising Tide North America. "Obviously this wasn't meant for public consumption, but this doesn't intimidate us. If anything, it emboldens us. It encourages us to push harder."</div></div></div></div><div class="tagged-with" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><label style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block; line-height: 1.2;">PUBLISHED UNDER:</label><div class="field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/topics/activism" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">ACTIVISM</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-items" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="field-item even" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/oil-sands" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">OIL SANDS</a></div> <div class="field-item odd" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/fracking" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">FRACKING</a></div> <div class="field-item even" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/climate-change" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">CLIMATE CHANGE</a></div></div></div></div></div><div>=</div>=inside the wire
<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; color: rgb(76, 78, 77); font-family: Balto, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-size: 1.4375rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Scott Angelle</h4><p class="desc" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; font-family: Balto, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; color: rgb(76, 78, 77); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Head of Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, DOI<p class="formerly" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: Balto, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.6; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; color: rgb(76, 78, 77); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Formerly: member of the Louisiana Public Service Commission who served on the board of directors of oil pipeline operator Sunoco Logistics=
Warren Buffett — the <a href="http://www.forbes.com/billionaires/" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">fourth richest man on the planet</a> and <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/warren-buffett-exposed-oracle-omaha-and-tar-sands" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">major campaign contributor to President Barack Obama in 2008</a> and <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/04/barack-obama-warren-buffett-campaign-cash" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">2012</a> – may soon get a whole lot richer.That’s because <a href="http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/15/news/economy/buffett-oil-sands/" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">he just bought over half a billion bucks worth of Suncor Energy stock</a>: $524 million in the second quarter of 2013, to be precise, according to Securities and Exchange Commission filings. <a href="http://www.suncor.com/en/investor/3897.aspx" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">Suncor is a major producer</a> and <a href="http://www.petro-canada.ca/default.aspx" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">marketer of tar sands via its wholly owned subsidiary Petro-Canada</a> (<a href="http://www.sunoco.ca/" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">formerly Sunoco</a>) and this latest development follows a trend of Buffett enriching himself through dirty investments and deal-making.So far in 2013, Suncor (<a href="http://www.oil150.com/essays/2009/02/sun-oil-company" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">formerly Sun Oil Company</a>) has produced 328,000 barrels per day of tar sands crude.Though he receives far less negative press than the Koch Brothers, Buffett’s no deep green ecologist. Not in the slightest.Referred to as <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100111050326/http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/31633524/the_climate_killers" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">one of 17 “Climate Killers”</a> by Rolling Stone‘s Tim Dickinson in a January 2010 story, Buffett owns the behemoth holding company, Berkshire Hathway. It’s through Berkshire that he’s making a killing – while simultaneously killing the ecosystem – through one of its most profitable wholly-owned assets: Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF).Buffett purchased BNSF for $26 billion and was “the largest acquisition of Buffett’s storied career,” Dickinson wrote.BNSF <a href="http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/print-edition/2012/06/22/bnsf-railway-co-inks-deal-with-us.html?page=all" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">hauls around frac sand</a> for the controversial horizontal oil and gas drilling process known as “<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/fracking-the-future/" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">fracking</a>.” The rail company also moves fracked oil <a href="http://www.dallasnews.com/business/headlines/20130608-without-bnsf-the-great-north-dakota-oil-boom-wouldnt-be-as-big.ece" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">from North Dakota’s Bakken Shale basin</a>, tar sands <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/warren-buffett-exposed-oracle-omaha-and-tar-sands" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">logistical equipment and tar sands crude itself</a> and <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/b-c-protest-saturday-stop-warren-buffett-s-bnsf-coal-trains" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">tons of coal</a>. And not only does Buffett’s BNSF haul around ungodly amounts of coal, he actually owns coal-burning utility companies, too.“BNSF is the nation’s top hauler of coal, shipping some 300 million tons a year. That’s enough to light up 10 percent of the nation’s homes — many of which are powered by another Berkshire subsidiary, MidAmerican Energy,” Dickinson explained.Beyond MidAmerican Energy, Buffett also owns the coal-burning <a href="http://www.pacificorp.com/index.html" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">PacifiCorp</a> and his BNSF freight trains are largely responsible for the coal export boom unfolding in the northwest corridor of the United States.“PacifiCorp…owns the most coal plants in the West and recently unveiled a long-term energy plan that did not include a single wind project over the next ten years,” explained a <a href="http://sierraclub.typepad.com/compass/2013/07/warren-buffett-coal-will-be-replaced.html" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">recent blog post written by the Sierra Club</a>. “And Warren Buffett is still involved with one of the biggest coal-burning schemes of all — ongoing plans to export coal…to…Asia.”“Buffett’s BNSF Railway would be the primary transporter of that coal, and the company has tried to get the coal export terminals approved over the objections of thousands of activists across the Pacific Northwest.”And as his slam dunk, Buffett also has <a href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/100517773" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">plans to convert BNSF’s freight trains to utilize fracked shale gas</a>. He then plans to use those same shale gas-powered trains to transport fracked shale oil from North Dakota (<a href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/100517773" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">5-percent of BNSF’s total shipments and 190,000 cars/week</a>), a win-win for Buffett and a <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/2013/06/25/obama-climate-plan-touts-fracking-transition-fuel-doubling-down-methane-risk" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">lose-lose for the ecosystem and the climate</a>.“We have a couple locomotives we’re experimenting with this year on it. The railroads are definitely experimenting with converting to natural gas,” <a href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/100517773" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">he told CNBC’s Jim Cramer in a March 2013 interview</a>. “[Y]ou’ve got to look at converting any kind of an engine to natural gas.”‘Tis quite the list of “dirty deeds” by the man coined the “Oracle of Omaha.” And relative to his uber-wealth – to cue up the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHcKkBWR4Mk" target="blank" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">AC/DC – they’re “done dirt cheap.”</a> <a href="http://my.firedoglake.com/stevehorn1022/2013/08/16/warren-buffett-buys-over-500-million-of-suncor-tar-sands-stock-latest-in-dirty-deeds-done-dirt-cheap/#more-648" class="more-link" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none;">Read the rest of this entry →</a>ETP $ does not add up to 150K 500K plus 2014-6
<table class="datadisplay" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; background: rgb(224, 230, 236); width: 574px;"><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><th style="padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Contrib</th><th style="padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Occupation</th><th style="padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Date</th><th style="padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 153, 153);">Amount</th></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">ARCHER, CYNTHIA A MRS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">FAILS, KARL RICHARD MR
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">FOSTER, BOYD E MR
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">GVAZDAUSKAS, PETER J MR
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">HEINEMANN, S BLAKE
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">HENNIGAN, MICHAEL J
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SHEA-BALLAY, KATHLEEN MRS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">HAND, BRIAN A MR
DALLAS, TX 75231</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">LAUTERBACH, KURT A
SUGAR LAND, TX 77478</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PRTNRSLEASEACQ&MKTG LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$384</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SLOUGH, MICHAEL W
SINKING SPRING, PA 19608</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$383</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">ALEXANDER, HARRY J
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$361</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">GAVIGAN, MARY TERESA
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$361</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">GALTMAN, MICHAEL D MR
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$360</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">RICCIUTI, ROBERT M
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$344</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">BENSON, MICHAEL J
SAN ANTONIO, TX 78258</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">ENERGY TRANSFER PARTNERS, LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$261</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">HOTTE, STEVE J
HOUSTON, TX 77002</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">ENERGY TRANSFER EMPLEE MGMT CO</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">10/14/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$250</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCINTOSH, CALVIN S
HOUSTON, TX 77073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUSSER PETROLEUM COMPANY LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">10/14/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$250</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">PRINCE, MICHAEL STEPHEN
SUGAR LAND, TX 77478</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$242</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">GVAZDAUSKAS, PETER J MR
PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">03/20/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$222</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">07/10/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">07/24/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/07/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/21/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">09/04/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">09/18/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">10/02/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">10/16/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">10/30/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MCGRORY, CLARE P MS
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">11/13/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$211</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">GVAZDAUSKAS, PETER J MR
PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">04/02/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$207</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SLOUGH, MICHAEL W
SINKING SPRING, PA 19608</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">12/24/15</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$207</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SLOUGH, MICHAEL W
SINKING SPRING, PA 19608</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">01/08/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$207</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CHALSON, DAVID R
ASTON, PA 19014</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$200</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MASER, CHARLES E
NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA 19073</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO PARTNERS LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$200</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">HAND, BRIAN A MR
DALLAS, TX 75225</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Sunoco GP LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">12/09/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$200</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">MAHMOUD, YOUSIF
HOUSTON, TX 77002</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">ENERGY TRANSFER PARTNERS, LLC</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">08/19/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$200</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">HAND, BRIAN A MR
DALLAS, TX 75225</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">11/10/16</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$200</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">HAND, BRIAN A MR
DALLAS, TX 75225</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">SUNOCO, INC. (R&M)</td></tr></tbody></table>wiki<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco</a>Sunoco Inc. is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">petroleum</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">petrochemical</a> manufacturer headquartered in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia,Pennsylvania" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">United States</a>, formerly known as Sun Company Inc. (1886–1920 and 1976–1998) and Sun Oil Co. (1920–1976). Sunoco is one of the largest gasoline distribution companies in the United States, with Sunoco brand gasoline being sold in over 4,700 outlets spanning 26 states,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-retail-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a> just over a third hosting convenience stores.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a>Sunoco is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_100" title="Fortune 100" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Fortune 100</a> Company. In 2011 it was ranked as the third largest company by revenue in Pennsylvania, after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmerisourceBergen" title="AmerisourceBergen" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">AmerisourceBergen</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Comcast</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a> Its headquarters were located in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNY_Mellon_Center(Philadelphia)" title="BNY Mellon Center (Philadelphia)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">BNY Mellon Center</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_City_Philadelphia" title="Center City Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Center City Philadelphia</a> but is now in Essington, PA.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a> In 2011, the company decided to exit the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">oil refinery</a> business.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-Nixon-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Canada</a>, Sunoco formerly was operated by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suncor_Energy" title="Suncor Energy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Suncor Energy</a>, a separate Canadian entity. In 2010, all Canadian Sunoco outlets were converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro-Canada" title="Petro-Canada" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Petro-Canada</a> outlets.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; line-height: 19.1875px;"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#History" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 History</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#1800s_to_1900s:founding_and_growth" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.1 1800s to 1900s: founding and growth</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#Custom_blending" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.1.1 Custom blending</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#1960s_to_2000s:acquisitions_and_branding" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.2 1960s to 2000s: acquisitions and branding</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#Exit_from_refinery_business" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.3 Exit from refinery business</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#Joint_venture_with_Carlyle_Group" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1.4 Joint venture with Carlyle Group</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#Gasoline_sales" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 Gasoline sales</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#Exclusive_deals" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2.1 Exclusive deals</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#Environmental_record" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3 Environmental record</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#As_a_sponsor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4 As a sponsor</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#See_also" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">5 See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">7 External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.1875px;">History<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2><h3 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.1875px;">1800s to 1900s: founding and growth<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1800s to 1900s: founding and growth" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h3>The integrated oil company now known as Sunoco began as The Peoples Natural Gas Company in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a>. In 1886, its partners – <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pew_Charitable_Trusts" title="The Pew Charitable Trusts" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joseph Newton Pew</a>, Philip Pisano and Edward O. Emerson – decided to expand their gas business with a stake in the new oil discoveries in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Ohio</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pennsylvania</a>. Four years later, the growing enterprise became the Sun Oil Company of Ohio. Sun Oil diversified quickly, active in production and distribution of oil as well as processing and marketing refined products. By 1901, the company was incorporated in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New Jersey</a> as Sun Company and turned its interest to the new <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindletop" title="Spindletop" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Spindletop</a> field in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Texas</a>. Pew's sons, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.Howard_Pew" title="J. Howard Pew" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">J. Howard Pew</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_N.Pew,Jr." title="Joseph N. Pew, Jr." style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Joseph N. Pew, Jr.</a> would take over the company after their father's death.With a growing portfolio of oil fields and refineries in hand, Sun opened its first service station in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardmore,Pennsylvania" title="Ardmore, Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Ardmore, Pennsylvania</a> in 1920. The name changed back to Sun Oil Company in 1922 and, in 1925, Sun became a publicly traded company on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New York Stock Exchange</a>. Sunoco ranked 39th among United States corporations in the value of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">World War II</a> production contracts.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a> Sun expanded internationally following the war. Its first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Canadian</a> refinery was built in 1953 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnia,Ontario" title="Sarnia, Ontario" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sarnia, Ontario</a>, home to a burgeoning new petrochemical industry. Sun established a facility at<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Venezuela's</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Maracaibo" title="Lake Maracaibo" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Lake Maracaibo</a> in 1957, which produced over a billion barrels (160,000,000 m³) before the operation was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalized" title="Nationalized" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">nationalized</a> in 1975.<h4 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.1875px;">Custom blending<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Custom blending" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h4>Sunoco is perhaps best known to consumers for its "custom blending" pumps, an innovation that, beginning in 1956, allowed customers of Sunoco service stations to choose from several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating" title="Octane rating" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">octane grades</a> through a single pump. Sunoco stations offered as many as eight grades of "Custom Blended" gasolines from its "Dial A Grade" pumps ranging from subregular Sunoco 190 to Sunoco 260, the latter a super-premium grade of 102 octane that was advertised as the "highest octane pump gas" and very popular with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">V8</a>-powered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_Cars" title="Muscle Cars" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Muscle Cars</a> of the 1960s.<h3 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.1875px;">1960s to 2000s: acquisitions and branding<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1960s to 2000s: acquisitions and branding" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h3>In 1967, Sun established its Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited facility in northern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Alberta</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Canada</a>, to help unlock the estimated 300 billion barrels (48 km³) of recoverable oil in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabasca_oil_sands" title="Athabasca oil sands" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Athabasca oil sands</a>.In 1968, Sun Oil merged with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsa,Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Tulsa, OK</a>-based Sunray DX Oil Company, which refined and marketed gasoline under the DX brand in several midwestern states, and included several refineries including one in Tulsa that was operated by Sun until its sale was completed in June 2009 to Holly Corporation of Dallas, Texas.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[9]</a> This move expanded Sun's marketing area into the mid-continent region.Sun Oil continued marketing its petroleum products under both the Sunoco and DX brands through the 1970s and into the 1980s. In the late 1980s, Sun began rebranding DX stations in the Midwest to the Sunoco brand and even introduced the high-octane Sunoco ULTRA 94 gasoline to stations in that region, but by the early 1990s, they pulled out of virtually all areas in the southeastern U.S. and west of the Mississippi, resulting in the closing and rebranding of service stations and jobbers to other brands in those areas, notably <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_Oil" title="Sinclair Oil" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sinclair</a> in Oklahoma.With increased diversification, Sun Oil Company was renamed Sun Company in 1976. In 1980, Sun acquired the U.S. oil and gas properties ofTexas Pacific Oil Company, Inc., a subsidiary of The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Seagram</a> Company, Ltd., for US$2.3 billion—the second largest acquisition in U.S. history to that date.Through the 1980s, Sun developed oil interests in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">North Sea</a> and offshore <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">China</a> and expanded its holdings in both oil and coal with additional U.S. business acquisitions. In 1983, consumers saw the arrival of Sunoco ULTRA 94, the market's highest octane unleaded gasoline. Then in 1988, Sun undertook a major restructuring to segregate its domestic oil and gas exploration and production business and the focus the company on its refining and marketing business. This led to the acquisition of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Refining_and_Marketing" title="Atlantic Refining and Marketing" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Atlantic Refining and Marketing</a> (and, in effect, that company's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">convenience store</a> chain, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-Plus" title="A-Plus" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">A-Plus</a>), including its Philadelphia refinery which was later merged with the former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Oil" title="Gulf Oil" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Gulf Oil</a> refinery next door that Sunoco acquired from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Chevron</a>.By the 1990s, Sun had departed the international exploration business and was fully dedicated to its branded products and services. In 1994 Sunoco acquired the Philadelphia <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevron_Oil" title="Chevron Oil" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Chevron Oil</a> refinery consolidating operations with its own adjacent which it had acquired with Atlantic. Sun sold its remaining interest in Canada's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suncor_Energy" title="Suncor Energy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Suncor Energy</a> in 1995, but markets product from two refineries – one in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Toledo, Ohio</a>, and the other<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnia,Ontario" title="Sarnia, Ontario" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sarnia, Ontario</a> – in joint ventures.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[10]</a> In 1998, Sun Company, Inc. became Sunoco, Inc. In 2011 the Toledo facility was sold to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbfenergy.com/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">PBF Energy</a>.By 1998, Sun had acquired Allied Signal, Inc. chemical plants. Allied Signal, Inc. being on the stock exchange sold half of the company to Honeywell, Inc. and the other half to Sunoco, Inc. The chemical portion of the business was called "Sunoco Chemicals, Inc."In 2003, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedway_SuperAmerica" title="Speedway SuperAmerica" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Speedway SuperAmerica</a> chain of gas stations and convenience stores exited the southeast <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">United States</a> and sold most of their operations to Sunoco. Shortly prior to this, Sunoco acquired many service stations from Coastal Petroleum, especially its stations in Florida. This has led to the reintroduction of the Sunoco brand to areas it pulled out of ten years earlier.
After ConocoPhillips abandoned the marketing of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Mobil</a> brand name in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,DC" title="Washington, DC" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Washington, DC</a>, area, Sunoco purchased these rights, and has since been converting Maryland and Virginia Mobil stations to the Sunoco brand, bringing the A-Plus convenience store with them – prior to this, these stations had convenience stores under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_K" title="Circle K" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Circle K</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Run(convenience_store)" title="On the Run (convenience store)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">On the Run</a> brands. Most of the conversions done so far have been in Virginia.In 2004, Sunoco replaced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConocoPhillips" title="ConocoPhillips" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">ConocoPhillips</a>' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/76(ConocoPhillips)" title="76 (ConocoPhillips)" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">76</a> brand as the official fuel of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">NASCAR</a>.In September 2009, Sunoco announced the sale of its retail <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating_oil" title="Heating oil" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">heating oil</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propane" title="Propane" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">propane</a> distribution business to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superior_Plus_Corp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superior Plus Corp (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Superior Plus Corp</a> for $82.5 million in cash.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[11]</a>In October 2009, Sunoco announced it will idle and possibly permanently shut down its Eagle Point/Westville, NJ plant, laying off over 400 employees.<h3 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.1875px;">Exit from refinery business<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Exit from refinery business" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h3>In December 2010, Sunoco sold its refinery in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Toledo, Ohio</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBF_Energy" title="PBF Energy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">PBF Energy</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">US$</a>400 million.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-Nixon-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a> Effective 6 September 2011, Sunoco announced that it would exit the crude oil refining business and seek to sell its Philadelphia and Marcus Hook refineries by mid-2012.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-Nixon-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a> The company has said that its cost for exiting the refining business could be as high as US$2.7 billion.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-Nixon-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a> According to one report, the company had lost some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">US$</a>800 million on refining operations since 2009;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-osullivansunoco-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a> an earlier report provided a figure of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">US$</a>772 million.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-Nixon-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a> On December 1, 2011, Sunoco announced it would accelerate closure of the Marcus Hook facility, with a target completion in 90 days.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-osullivansunoco-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a> The Marcus Hook facility, founded in 1902 and covering 781 acres, was dedicated exclusively to the processing of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_crude_oil" title="Sweet crude oil" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">light sweet crude oil</a>;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-osullivansunoco-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a> this processing focus combined with volatility in crude oil prices are considered contributing factors to both this refinery's closure and Sunoco's exit from the refinery business.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-key2012pbj-12" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[12]</a><h3 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.1875px;">Joint venture with Carlyle Group<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Joint venture with Carlyle Group" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h3>After weeks of negotiations, it was announced that Sunoco would be forming a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">joint venture</a> with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlyle_Group" title="Carlyle Group" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Carlyle Group</a>, allowing for the continuation of operations at the Philadelphia refinery, and saving over 800 jobs<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[13]</a> The joint venture is slated to begin in late 2012.<h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.1875px;">Gasoline sales<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gasoline sales" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Sunoco is the only major gasoline retailer to sell four grades of gasoline in the U.S., due to its proprietary pumps which blend regular with Ultra93 to obtain the mid-grades, with octane ratings in parentheses:<ul style="line-height: 19.1875px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Regular (87)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Plus (89)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Premium (91)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ultra93 (formerly Ultra94; Sunoco began phasing out the 94 octane gasoline in the first decade of the 21st century).</li></ul>Sunoco also once sold Economy unleaded, an 86 octane slightly cheaper than regular, in all of its markets until the mid-1990s when it was withdrawn from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pennsylvania</a> and a handful of other states, and was phased out altogether in 2003.Up until the early 1980s, Sunoco used a numbering system to market its then-five grades of leaded gasoline, and a rotary lever on the pump was used to select the grade and blend the lowest-octane gasoline with the highest-octane gasoline to obtain the proper octane, with the resulting octane (R+M/2 method) in parentheses (originally, the "missing" grades were available, too - 210, 230, and 250):<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[14]</a><ul style="line-height: 19.1875px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">190 - Economy (87)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">200 - Regular (89)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">220 - Plus (92)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">240 - Premium (94)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">260 - Super 260 (96; originally 97.5)</li></ul><h3 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.1875px;">Exclusive deals<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Exclusive deals" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h3>In addition to their sponsorship deal with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">NASCAR</a>, Sunoco also has exclusive deals as the gasoline supplier at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_plaza" title="Travel plaza" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">travel plazas</a> along the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Turnpike" title="Pennsylvania Turnpike" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pennsylvania Turnpike</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Turnpike" title="New Jersey Turnpike" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New Jersey Turnpike</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City_Expressway" title="Atlantic City Expressway" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Atlantic City Expressway</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palisades_Parkway" title="Palisades Parkway" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Palisades Parkway</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Turnpike" title="Delaware Turnpike" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Delaware Turnpike</a>. In 2011, Sunoco acquired the rights to operate the nine plazas on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_State_Parkway" title="Garden State Parkway" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Garden State Parkway</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[15]</a> and also signed a new contract to operate the 16 plazas on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Turnpike" title="Ohio Turnpike" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Ohio Turnpike</a> beginning in 2012.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[16]</a> In addition, Sunoco also owns & operates a station with an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-Plus" title="A-Plus" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">A-Plus</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">convenience store</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_International_Airport" title="Pittsburgh International Airport" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pittsburgh International Airport</a>, as Sunoco has a very large market share in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pittsburgh</a>. Sunoco also operates some of the filling stations on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Thruway" title="New York Thruway" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">New York Thruway</a>.Sunoco will become the official fuel of the Izod <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">IndyCar Series</a> beginning in 2011.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[17]</a><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.1875px;">Environmental record<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Environmental record" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Among oil corporations, Sunoco is listed as the most environmentally responsible in the latest version of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sierra Club</a>'s Updated Environmentalist's Guide to Gasoline.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[18]</a> Sunoco is also the only oil company to sign the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_for_Environmentally_Responsible_Economies" title="Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies</a>(CERES) principal and as part of this agreement, Sunoco has made all of its environmental activities—both successes and failures—publicly available.Researchers at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a> have identified Sunoco as the 55th-largest corporate producer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">air pollution</a> in the United States, with roughly 1.7 million pounds of toxic chemicals released annually into the air.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[19]</a> Major pollutants indicated by the study include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">nickel</a> compounds, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene" title="Naphthalene" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">naphthalene</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline" title="Aniline" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">aniline</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">benzene</a>.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">citation needed</a>]<h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.1875px;">As a sponsor<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As a sponsor" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Sunoco was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penske_Racing" title="Penske Racing" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Penske Racing</a>'s sponsor of choice for many years, particularly in the SCCA <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Am_Series" title="Trans-Am Series" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Trans-Am Series</a>, where <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penske" title="Roger Penske" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Roger Penske</a>'s Sunoco Camaros won the championship in 1968 and 1969. Sunoco also sponsored Penske Porsches in the SCCA <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can-Am" title="Can-Am" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Can-Am</a> series, and won the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Indianapolis 500</a> in 1972 with Penske and driver <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Donohue" title="Mark Donohue" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Mark Donohue</a>.<h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.1875px;">See also<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="noprint tright portal" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; line-height: 19.1875px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><table style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); line-height: 12px; max-width: 175px;"><tbody><tr valign="middle"><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Libertybell_alone_small.jpg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><img alt="Portal icon" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Libertybell_alone_small.jpg/22px-Libertybell_alone_small.jpg" width="22" height="28" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Libertybell_alone_small.jpg/33px-Libertybell_alone_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Libertybell_alone_small.jpg/44px-Libertybell_alone_small.jpg 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td><td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Philadelphia" title="Portal:Philadelphia" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Philadelphia portal</a></td></tr><tr valign="middle"><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Factory_1b.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><img alt="Portal icon" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Factory_1b.svg/32px-Factory_1b.svg.png" width="32" height="26" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Factory_1b.svg/48px-Factory_1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Factory_1b.svg/64px-Factory_1b.svg.png 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td><td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Companies portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><ul style="line-height: 19.1875px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_Philadelphia_Refinery_Fire" title="1975 Philadelphia Refinery Fire" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1975 Philadelphia Refinery Fire</a> (refinery at the time was owned by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Oil" title="Gulf Oil" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Gulf Oil</a>)</li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.1875px;">References<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunoco&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 19.1875px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-osullivansunoco-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-osullivansunoco_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-osullivansunoco_1-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-osullivansunoco_1-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">c</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-osullivansunoco_1-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">d</a> O'Sullivan, Sean (3 Dec 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20111203/NEWS/112030329/-1/NLETTER01/Sunoco-to-close-refinery" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"Sunoco to close refinery"</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News_Journal" title="The News Journal" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">The News Journal</a>, retrieved 3 Dec 2011<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunoco&rft.atitle=Sunoco+to+close+refinery&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.au=O%27Sullivan%2C+Sean&rft.date=3+Dec+2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delawareonline.com%2Farticle%2F20111203%2FNEWS%2F112030329%2F-1%2FNLETTER01%2FSunoco-to-close-refinery&rft.jtitle=The+News+Journal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-AR2009-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-AR2009_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-AR2009_2-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=99437&p=irol-reportsAnnual" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"2009 Annual Report"</a>. Sunoco. Retrieved 2010-12-09.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunoco&rft.btitle=2009+Annual+Report&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphx.corporate-ir.net%2Fphoenix.zhtml%3Fc%3D99437%26p%3Dirol-reportsAnnual&rft.pub=Sunoco&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-retail-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-retail_3-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunocoinc.com/site/TheCompany/OurBusinessUnits/RetailMarketing/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Retail Marketing - Overview</a>.</li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csnews.com/csn/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003999830&imw=Y" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">CSNews Exclusive: Top Chains Continue Store Growth Through Acquisition Despite Market Turmoil</a></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Cable News Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/states/PA.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Fortune 500 2011: States: Pennsylvania Companies</a>. CNN Money. Retrieved on: 2011-02=12.</li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunocoinc.com/Site/ContactSunoco/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Contact Sunoco</a>." Sunoco. Retrieved 2009-08-24.</li><li id="cite_note-Nixon-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-Nixon_7-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-Nixon_7-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-Nixon_7-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">c</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-Nixon_7-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">d</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-Nixon_7-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">e</a> Nixon, Alex (17 Sep 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/business/s_757254.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"Sunoco refineries could be closed"</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_Tribune-Review" title="Pittsburgh Tribune-Review" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Pittsburgh Tribune-Review</a>, TribLive Business, retrieved 20 Sep 2011<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunoco&rft.atitle=Sunoco+refineries+could+be+closed&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.au=Nixon%2C+Alex&rft.date=17+Sep+2011&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittsburghlive.com%2Fx%2Fpittsburghtrib%2Fbusiness%2Fs_757254.html&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Tribune-Review&rft.pages=TribLive+Business&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiz_Kids(Department_of_Defense)" title="Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Peck, Merton J.</a> & <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_M.Scherer" title="Frederic M. Scherer" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Scherer, Frederic M.</a> The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis (1962) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Harvard Business School</a> p.620</li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.hollycorp.com/press_release.cfm?id=309" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">[1]</a>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">dead link</a>]</li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunocochem.com/products/sarniaf.htm" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"Sunoco Chemicals and the Sarnia Refinery"</a>. Sunocochem.com. Retrieved 2011-11-25.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunoco&rft.btitle=Sunoco+Chemicals+and+the+Sarnia+Refinery&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunocochem.com%2Fproducts%2Fsarniaf.htm&rft.pub=Sunocochem.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssEnergyNews/idUSN0253190920090902" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Sunoco to sell retail heating oil business, Reuters, September 02, 2009</a>.</li><li id="cite_note-key2012pbj-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-key2012pbj_12-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Key, Peter (20 Jan 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/blog/peter-key/2012/01/how-the-oil-refining-industry-is-like.html?ed=2012-01-20&s=article_du&ana=e_du_pub&page=all" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"How the oil refining industry is like a casino"</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Business_Journal" title="Philadelphia Business Journal" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Philadelphia Business Journal</a>, bizjournals.com, retrieved 21 Jan 2012<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunoco&rft.atitle=How+the+oil+refining+industry+is+like+a+casino&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Key%2C+Peter&rft.aulast=Key&rft.date=20+Jan+2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fphiladelphia%2Fblog%2Fpeter-key%2F2012%2F01%2Fhow-the-oil-refining-industry-is-like.html%3Fed%3D2012-01-20%26s%3Darticle_du%26ana%3De_du_pub%26page%3Dall&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Business+Journal&rft.pages=bizjournals.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.yahoo.com/news/carlyle-group-sunoco-agree-form-125700694.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Sunoco to enter joint venture with Carlyle Group.</a>.</li><li id="cite_note-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://img.villagephotos.com/p/2002-2/13522/PumpWall948800.jpg" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Photo of restored Sunoco leaded gasoline pump</a>.</li><li id="cite_note-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-15" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csnews.com/top-story-sunoco_drives_onto_n.j.acute_s_garden_state_parkway-57845.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Sunoco Drives Onto N.J.'s Garden State Parkway</a></li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-16" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csnews.com/top-story-sunoco_to_fuel_ohio_turnpike-57765.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Sunoco to Fuel Ohio Turnpike</a></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }Business Wire (2010-05-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20100527006211&newsLang=en" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">"Sunoco to Become Official Fuel of Indy Racing League in 2011"</a>. Business Wire. Retrieved 2011-11-25.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunoco&rft.au=Business+Wire&rft.aulast=Business+Wire&rft.btitle=Sunoco+to+Become+Official+Fuel+of+Indy+Racing+League+in+2011&rft.date=2010-05-27&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fportal%2Fsite%2Fhome%2Fpermalink%2F%3FndmViewId%3Dnews_view%26newsId%3D20100527006211%26newsLang%3Den&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-18" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/pickyourpoison/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Pick Your Poison: An Updated Environmentalist's Guide to Gasoline - January/February 2007 - Sierra Magazine - Sierra Club</a>.</li><li id="cite_note-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunoco#cite_ref-19" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<span style="background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peri.umass.edu/Toxic-100-Table.265.0.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data" /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Economy_Research_Institute" title="Political Economy Research Institute" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Political Economy Research Institute</a> Toxic 100 (Study released May 11, 2006). Retrieved 2007-08-18.</li></ol></div>