Digestive System Menu

Anatomy & Physiology of Digestive System

Gut (flora) Microbiome

Gastrointestinal Tract

Enterochromaffin (EC) Cells

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)

Gut-Immune Axis

Immunology in the Gut Mucosa

Mucin

Oral Cavity & Teeth

Fauces (throat)

Oral-Gut-Liver Axis

Oral Microbiome

Pharynx

Teeth

• Dental Plaque
• Wisdom Teeth

Tongue

Stomach & Esophagus

Deglutition (Swallowing)

Esophagus

Gastric Lipases

Intestines

Intestine & Digestion

Intestine & Absorption

Intestinal Mucosal Barrier

• Intestinal Mucus

Gastrointestinal Motility

• Cholecystokinin - CCK
• Serotonin (5-HT)

Short Chain Fatty Acids

• Butyrate/Butyric Acid

Zonulin

Large Intestine

Appendix

Cecum

Colon

• Ascending Colon
• Descending Colon
• Gastrocolic reflex
• Sigmoid colon
• Transverse Colon
• Rectum
• Anus

Small Intestines Anatomy/Physiology

Crypts of Lieberkuhn / Intestinal Gland

Enterocytes

• ASBT - apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter

Goblet Cells

Jejunum

Peyer's patches (or glands)

Villi / Intestinal villus

• Brush Border / Microvilli
• Epithelial & Brush Border Enzymes
  • Diamine oxidase (DAO)
  • Disaccharidases
  • Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP)
  • Peptidases

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Gallbladder

Biliary Tract

• Bile Acid
• Bile canaliculus
• Bile Salts
• Bile Flow

Liver

Liver in Diagrams

Fetuin

Hepatic stellate cell

Hepatocyte

Hepatokines

• Adropin
• ANGPTL4 / Angiopoietin-like 4
• Fetuin-A - alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
• LECT2 - leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2
• Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)
• Selenoprotein P (SelP)
• SHBG - Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin

Liver Function

Urea Cycle

Pancreas

Exocrine Function of Pancreas

• Pancreatic Enzymes
  • Amylase
  • Alpha-amylase
  • Deoxyribonuclease
  • Gelatinase
  • Pancreatic Lipase
  • Pancreatic Proteases
    • Carboxypolypeptides
    • Chymotrypsin
    • Elastase
    • Trypsin
  • Pancreatic Ribonuclease
• Islet Cells of the Pancreas / Beta Cells
• Pancreatic Hormones
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin
  • Somatostatin - GHRH

Sphincter of Oddi