Schnare, D e&e

=see horner 2 E&E  (also e&e tag)sued each other?particulate holocaust=trump epa dunlap koch pos wheeler, wehrum etcACC Urges EPA To Weigh New Formaldehyde Data For Risk AssessmentMarch 20, 2017The American Chemistry Council (ACC) is urging EPA to consider what it calls new "game changing" research on formaldehyde's potential to cause leukemia before the agency finalizes a long-running assessment of the common chemical's public health risks, raising concerns that the agency has stopped considering the new data before the analysis is completed. EPA has spent the past six years reworking a draft Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessment of formaldehyde after a 2011 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report...=<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;"><h2 style="display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box; width: 544px;">ePA Used Children in Illegal Diesel Exhaust Experiments</h2><p class="metadata" style="margin: 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Posted by <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/author/katy-grimes-2/" title="Posts by Katy Grimes" rel="author" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Katy Grimes</a> at 4:30 pm on Jan 21, 2015</div><div class="entry" style="margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; text-align: justify; float: none !important;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency paid the University of Southern California and the University of California, Los Angeles to conduct experiments on children, to determine whether exposure to diesel exhaust harms humans. These experiments are illegal under the <a href="http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/archive/nurcode.html" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Nuremberg Code</a>, California state law, and federal regulations, concerning the protection of human subjects in medical research, according to <a href="http://eelegal.org/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Energy and Environmental Legal Institute</a> attorney David Schnare.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/5789845977_37e1a70e45_m.jpg" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-65062" src="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/5789845977_37e1a70e45_m.jpg" alt="" width="240" height="235" style="margin: 4px 0px 4px 5px; padding: 5px 15px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; float: right;" /></a><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">The EPA along with the USC and UCLA, illegally used children in diesel exhaust experiments 2003 through 2010, after the EPA and the California Air Resources Board had concluded inhaling diesel exhaust can cause death within hours.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">According to Schnare, this is still going on, even though Schnare sued the EPA to stop these experiments.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">The diesel exhaust medical experiments were exposed through documents released by the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow and the Energy and Environmental Legal Institute.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Illegal Experiments on Children Reminisent of Josef Mengele<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">These illegal experiments on children are reminiscent of Dr. Josef Mengele, a Nazi doctor nicknamed “The Angel Of Death,” who along with other Nazi doctors, tortured men, women and children and performed horrific medical experiments on them at Nazi death camps.  “Not only has EPA been caught violating the letter and spirit of virtually every national and international code, law and regulation for the protection of human subjects in medical experiments developed since World War II,” said attorney Schnare, “but they have done so in shocking style, abusing the most vulnerable people of all, children.”<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">“These scientists don’t see themselves as part of a federal agency,” Schnare explained in an interview. “They’ve fallen into the same trap other scientists have, including during WWll Germany. They ask themselves, ‘I wonder if this will make us sick.’ And then they use people to test their theories on.”<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">“It is illegal, unethical, and immoral to expose experimental subjects to harmful or lethal <a href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/apr/24/did-obamas-epa-relaunch-tuskegee-experiments/?utm_source=RSS_Feed&utm_medium=RSS%20%20" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">toxins</a>,” <a href="http://www.americanthinker.com/john_dale_dunn_md_jd/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">John Dale Dunn MD JD</a> said, in an article for <a href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/06/04/the-epas-unethical-pm2-5-air-pollution-experiments/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Watts Up With That</a>. “The Reference <a href="http://www.fjc.gov/public/pdf.nsf/lookup/SciMan3D01.pdf/$file/SciMan3D01.pdf" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Manual</a> on Scientific Evidence, 3rd Ed. (2011), published by the Federal Judicial Center, on page 555 declares that exposing human subjects to toxic substances is ‘proscribed’ by law and cites case law.”<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">EPA Diesel Regulations — are they valid or not?The <a href="http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/dieselfuels/regulations.htm" style="font-weight: bold; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">EPA’s own diesel regulations</a> claim diesel exhaust is dangerous, and they’ve regulated it throughout the country to ostensibly lower diesel emissions. In California, the Air Resources Board not only adopted the EPA’s diesel regulations, CalEPA and the ARB developed strict diesel regulations in 1998, and state: “Diesel exhaust and many individual substances contained in it (including arsenic, benzene, formaldehyde and nickel) have the potential to contribute to mutations in cells that can lead to cancer. In fact, long-term exposure to diesel exhaust particles poses the highest cancer risk of any toxic air contaminant.”<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">EPA Director Lisa P. Jackson <a href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/06/04/the-epas-unethical-pm2-5-air-pollution-experiments/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">testified</a> in Congress that particulate matter causes about 1 of every 4 deaths in America.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">The CARB’s Chairwoman, Mary Nichols, worked at the EPA from 1993-97, appointed by President Bill Clinton as Assistant Administrator of Air and Radiation. Nichols was then appointed by Gov. Jerry Brown as the California Secretary for Resources (1979-2003), and appointed by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger to the CARB, <a href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/board/bio/marynichols.htm" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">where she has been</a> “steering the Board through numerous efforts to curb diesel pollution.”<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">The CA state Legislature passed <a href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">AB 32</a> in 2006 – <a href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">California’s Global Warming Solutions Act</a> – to lower carbon emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Implementation of AB 32 under the CARB has been even stricter about the amount of emissions allowed than the EPA’s regulations… Which makes this sickening experiment so dubious, given that the EPA-funded experiments were conducted at USC and UCLA — two of California’s universities, which openly advocate for reducing carbon emissions based on the supposed danger of the particulate matter to humans.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">“Despite that the EPA had concluded inhaling diesel exhaust can cause death within hours and that the California Air Resources Board (CARB) concluded there is no safe exposure to diesel exhaust, the USC/UCLA researchers sprayed diesel exhaust up the noses of 20 children aged 10 to 15 years of age,” Schnare said. “The purpose of the experiment was to see what happened to the children after the exposures.”Schnare said parents were paid $75 to allow their children into the experiment however, they were not told what the experiment would be.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">“The EPA said they put carbon particulates from diesel exhaust up the noses of the children. These nasty things are truly bad. This stuff sticks to the lungs, so these kids are going to have carcinogens sticking to their lungs for the rest of their lives,” Schnare said. “Carcinogens are known and expected to cause cancer.”<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">But the EPA said this isn’t dangerous.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">So which is it? If diesel emissions aren’t dangerous, then why regulate them? If diesel emissiopns are dangerous, then scientists and the universities knowingly gave these kids a death sentence – for $75.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">“Compounding the basic villainy of the experimentation itself, is that the USC/UCLA researchers failed to warn the parents and children how dangerous EPA and CARB had determined diesel exhaust to be,” Schnare said. “So there was no informed consent as required by law.”<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">“It’s clear from the documents obtained that the experiments violated the Nuremberg Code, as adopted by the state of California, and the federal regulations known as ‘The Common Rule,’ which are intended to protect human subjects from rogue researchers,” Schnare said.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Under California law, violations of the medical experimentation laws are punishable by fines and/or imprisonment.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">The only way EPA, USC and UCLA are not guilty of illegal experimentation on children is if EPA and CARB have been grossly distorting the dangers of carbon and diesel exhaust. In <a href="http://watchdogwire.com/california/2014/02/13/the-firing-of-dr-james-enstrom-the-dangers-of-bucking-fashionable-science/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">previous articles</a>, I interviewed Dr. Jim Enstrom, who disagrees with the EPA’s and CARB’s determinations of carbon and diesel regulations. And he was fired by UCLA for daring to challenge their junk science.  Enstrom charged scientifically the the EPA and CARB doctored scientific experiments to deceive the public and Congress in order to declare costly and controlling regulations.<p style="margin: 0px; padding: 1em 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">JunkScience.com also <a href="http://junkscience.com/2014/11/25/fact-sheet-epas-claim-that-its-coal-plant-co2-rules-will-save-lives-by-reducing-particulate-matter-emissions-is-false/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">disagrees</a> with the EPA’s characterization. However, the EPA and CARB nonetheless regulate diesel exhaust and PM2.5 on this basis. For the purposes of EPA’s human experiments, if diesel exhaust is deadly when it comes from an exhaust pipe, then it is also deadly in a medical clinic and science laboratory, <a href="http://junkscience.com/2015/01/20/epas-illegal-use-of-children-in-diesel-exhaust-experiments/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">JunkScience.com reported.</a> Regulators says there is no safe exposure to diesel exhaust and, for the purposes of discussing human experiments, we take them at their word.<a href="http://junkscience.com/2015/01/20/epas-illegal-use-of-children-in-diesel-exhaust-experiments/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">JunkScience.com</a> has all of the EPA documents and a detailed article about this case.  <p class="tags" style="margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-style: dashed; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 20px !important;">Tags: <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/ab-32/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">AB 32</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/calepa/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">CalEPA</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/california-air-resources-board/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">California Air Resources Board</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/california-global-warming-solutions-act-of-2006/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/cap-and-trade/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">cap-and-trade</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/carb/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">CARB</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/congress/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Congress</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/democrats/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Democrats</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/energy-and-environmental-legal-institute-attorney-david-schnare/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Energy and Environmental Legal Institute attorney David Schnare</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/epa/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">EPA</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/government/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Government</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/jim-enstrom/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Jim Enstrom</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/junkscience-com/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">JunkScience.com</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/katy-grimes/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Katy Grimes</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/lisa-jackson/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Lisa Jackson</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/mary-nichols/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Mary Nichols</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/nuremberg-code/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Nuremberg Code</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/obama/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Obama</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/regulations/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">regulations</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/u-s-environmental-protection-agency/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/ucla/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">UCLA</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/usc/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">USC</a>, <a href="http://www.flashreport.org/blog/tag/watts-up-with-that/" rel="tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;">Watts Up With That</a></div>=le monde<h6 style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); margin: 3rem 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2;">Intrusive and bureaucratic guerrilla warfare</h6>Within the space of a few months, at least five individuals presented themselves as a journalist, independent researcher or assistant in law firms to approach IARC scientists and researchers involved in IARC’s work. All were seeking very specific information about the agency’s procedures and funding.One of them, Miguel Santos-Neves, works for a New York-based economic intelligence company called Ergo.According to a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/nyregion/investigation-of-conservationist-conducted-on-ubers-behalf-crossed-the-line-judge-rules.html?r=0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">report in the New York Times</a> in July 2016, he was collared during a U.S. judicial investigation for misrepresenting his identity. On behalf of Uber, Mr. Santos-Neves had investigated a plaintiff who had filed a classaction suit against the company and questioned his professional entourage under false pretenses. Ergo did not respond to Le Monde’s enquiries.Just like Christopher Watts, two sister organizations with nefarious reputations are interested not only in IARC but also in the Ramazzini Institute. The Energy and Environmental Legal Institute (E&E Legal) introduces itself as a non-profit organization, the missions of which include to “hold accountable those who seek excessive and destructive government regulation that’s based on agenda-driven policy making, junk science, and hysteria.”The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic, for its part, says “it seeks to provide a counter-weight to the litigious environmental movement that fosters an economically destructive regulatory regime in the United States.”According to Le Monde, they have initiated no fewer than 17 FOIA requests to the NIH and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Engaged in legal, bureaucratic and intrusive guerrilla warfare, they have demanded the correspondence of several American officials “containing the terms ‘IARC’, ‘glyphosate’, ‘Guyton'” (Kathryn Guyton is the IARC scientist responsible for the “Monograph 112”).They seek the smallest of details on scholarships, grants and other financial and nonfinancial relationships between these American agencies, IARC, some scientists, and the Ramazzini Institute.<h6 style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); margin: 3rem 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2;">“Let nothing go”</h6>The two organizations are headed by David Schnare, a confirmed climate sceptic who is known for harassing climate scientists. In November 2016, Mr. Schnare temporarily left E&E Legal to join Donald Trump’s transition team. As for Steve Milloy, who is also among the leaders of the organization, he is a wellknown figure in the small world of tobacco industry funded propaganda. When asked about their motivations and sources of funding, the president of E&E Legal replied by email: “Hi, we’re not interested in participating.” The attention on these FOIA requests is amplified by op-eds published in some media outlets.One of them, The Hill, is mandatory reading for every political player in Washington DC. Their authors are a squadron of propagandists that the association US Right to Know (USRTK) has documented as having longstanding ties to agrochemical companies and conservative think tanks, such as the Heartland Institute or the George C. Marshall Institute, both known for their major role in the manufacture of climate skepticism. Their writings expose exactly the same arguments. And sometimes even the same phrases: the “shoddy science” of an IARC ravaged by conflicts of interest and “widely criticized”—yet without ever saying by whom.The lawyers involved in U.S. lawsuits revealed that Monsanto also used more discreet means. Responding under oath to questions from lawyers representing people who attribute their cancer to Roundup, the firm’s executives revealed a confidential program aimed at countering all criticisms and called “Let Nothing Go.”The transcripts of these hearings remain confidential. But memos from the law firms involved allow a little more to be known. They show that Monsanto uses third-party companies that “employ individuals who appear to have no connection to the industry but who in turn post positive comments on news articles and Facebook posts, defending Monsanto, its chemicals, and GMOs.”<h6 style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); margin: 3rem 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2;">The machine seems to be racing ahead with the advent of Mr. Trump</h6>In recent months, the coalition against IARC has grown. At the end of January 2017, a few days after the inauguration of Donald Trump at the White House, the American Chemistry Council joined its ranks. The U.S. chemical lobby has opened a new front on social networks in the form of a “Campaign for Accuracy in Public Health Research,” with a dedicated <a href="http://campaignforaccuracyinpublichealthresearch.com/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">website</a> and a <a href="https://twitter.com/The_CAPHR" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">Twitter account.</a>Its stated purpose is to obtain a “reform” of the IARC monograph program. The powerful lobbying organization has put aside the kid gloves: “A side of bacon or a side of plutonium? It’s all the same according to IARC.” The tweet goes with a photomontage showing two fluorescent green bars dipping into bacon and eggs on a plate.In October 2015, IARC indeed classified processed meats as “carcinogenic” and red meat as a “probable carcinogen” like glyphosate. Perhaps having privileged access to President Trump’s closest circle provides a feeling of omnipotence to these chemical and agrochemical industries? The chief American lobbyist of the American Chemistry Council, Nancy Beck, taken over as Deputy Assistant Administrator at the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention of the U.S. EPA, the very agency that oversees the re-examination of the glyphosate file.And was not Andrew Liveris, the boss of Dow Chemical, a member of the American Chemistry Council, entrusted by Donald Trump in person to lead the president’s “Manufacturing Jobs Initiative”?The machine seems to be racing ahead with the advent of the Trump era. At the end of March, the Republican Texan Lamar Smith, chair of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, <a href="https://science.house.gov/news/press-releases/sst-committee-probes-niehs-contract-grant-recipients" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">addressed</a> the now former Secretary of Health and Human Services, Tom Price. Smith focused his demands on the financial links between the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the Ramazzini Institute in order, he wrote, to “ensure that grant recipients adhere to the highest standards of scientific integrity”.<h6 style="background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); margin: 3rem 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.2;">Ignorance and lies</h6>=<div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Court-Forces-University-Arizona-Release-Climate-Scientists-Traditionally-Confidential-Emails" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/Court-Forces-University-Arizona-Release-Climate-Scientists-Traditionally-Confidential-Emails</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style=""><h1 _ngcontent-c2="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 1.4;">Court Forces University of Arizona to Release Climate Scientists’ Traditionally Confidential Emails</h1><a _ngcontent-c2="" class="article-author-link" href="https://www.wunderground.com/cat6/author/jeff.masters" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">Dr. Jeff Masters</a>  ·  December 1, 2018Science has suffered an unfortunate loss in a legal battle in Arizona, where the courts have ordered the public release of 13 years of email correspondence of two climate scientists who worked at the University of Arizona, Jonathan Overpeck and Malcolm Hughes. The plaintiff was a coal industry-funded group called <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">Energy & Environment Legal Institute</a> (<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Energy%26_Environment_Legal_Institute" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">E&E Legal</a>). The group is led by <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/climate/climate-emails-group-lawsuit.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">David Schnare</a>, who has made a career of suing and harassing climate scientists by abusing the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and state open record laws to demand masses of scientists’ emails.E&E’s victory was obtained <a href="https://www.csldf.org/resources/50-state-report/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">via State of Arizona open records laws</a>. These laws, which allow taxpayers to request copies of government records, have been misused by anti-science groups to target scientific research. In response to this abuse by both conservative and liberal groups that have economic, political, or ideological reasons for seeking to suppress particular types of scientific inquiry, most states where the issue has arisen have sought to make it clear by statute, regulation, or judicial decision that their public records or freedom of information laws do not destroy traditional areas of confidentiality that protect the scientific endeavor. Unfortunately, not all states have enacted such reforms.The emails provide an opportunity for hostile groups to take phrases, including scientific jargon, out of context in order to mislead and confuse the public, and divert time, energy, and resources of the scientists involved away from science. A classic example of this occurred in 2009, with the public release of stolen climate scientists’ emails from the UK: the so-called “Climategate” incident. In an attempt to mislead the public regarding the existence and severity of the climate change problem, climate science deniers published misleading excerpts from the stolen materials to attack the integrity of the scientists who had published seminal studies demonstrating the high probability of human-caused climate change. Numerous investigations found no merit in the criticisms, and no evidence of any wrongdoing by the scientists whose emails had been exposed and distorted.In the current University of Arizona case, Malcolm Hughes' emails were released on November 30, and Jonathan Overpeck will have his emails released on January 15. Dr. Hughes testified it took him ten weeks to go through all the emails to respond to the court order, and he lost an entire research summer to reviewing old emails as well as losing a grant that expired. Dr. Overpeck testified it took him six weeks to go through everything and he was unable to use his sabbatical. Climate scientist Dr. Michael Mann, whose email correspondence to the Arizona scientists involved has now been released to E&E Legal, <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/29/michael-mann-statement-arizona-emails-released-eeli" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">posted all of his emails involved online</a> on Friday, complete with commentary explaining their content.<table cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; border: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; box-sizing: inherit; border-spacing: 0px; width: 835px; border-radius: 3px;"><tbody style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 1px solid rgb(242, 242, 242);"><tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"><td style="padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem 0.625rem; margin: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">
</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><td style="padding: 0.5rem 0.625rem 0.625rem; margin: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">Figure 1. Dr. Michael Mann addresses an audience at a fund raiser on behalf of the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund (CSLDF) in 2014.</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; font-weight: 400; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 1.4;">Enter the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund</h2>This latest release of climate scientists’ emails, combined with the actions of the Trump Administration to sideline climate scientists and prevent them from doing their important work, underscores the urgent need for legal protection so that climate scientists may continue their critical research in the face of threats like this. The nonprofit <a href="http://csldf.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">Climate Science Legal Defense Fund (CSLDF)</a> was created seven years ago to help climate scientists fight back against politically-motivated and industry-funded harassment, and has been heavily involved in the Arizona open records case. CSLDF provides support and resources to the scientific community by offering free legal aid to scientists who are harassed, threatened or attacked for doing their jobs; educating researchers about their legal rights and responsibilities; sharing strategies and information about cases with attorneys; and publicizing attacks on science.I'm proud to say that I'm a founding board member of the charity, which has helped over one hundred and fifty researchers since 2011. This past year, we've advised and defended scientists on issues ranging from defamation to death threats, and produced a number of educational resources to <a href="https://www.csldf.org/resources/for-scientists/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">help researchers understand their legal rights</a>. Check out our website at <a href="http://csldf.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">csldf.org</a><a href="http://csldf.org/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">,</a> and please consider <a href="http://csldf.org/donate/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">making a tax-deductible donation</a> to this worthy cause.  An anonymous donor is currently matching all gifts to CSLDF up to a total of $20,000, so when you make a gift between now and the end of the year, your gift will be doubled.<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; font-weight: 400; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 1.4;">CSLDF at the AGU Meeting in Washington D.C., December 10 – 14</h2>CSLDF will have a significant presence at the <a href="https://fallmeeting.agu.org/2018/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">AGU Fall Meeting</a> in D.C., including a booth in the Exhibit Hall (Booth 1047) where scientists can pick up copies of CSLDF's educational materials and sign-up for updates on its work.CSLDF will also offer free and confidential one-on-one consultations with attorneys for any scientist attending the conference. To schedule a consultation, please e-mail <a href="mailto:lawyer@csldf.org" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">lawyer@csldf.org.</a>  Consultations will be held December 10-13 from 8:00 a.m-3:30 p.m. in the Marriott Marquis: Anacostia Room.In addition, the organization will host two sessions on legal issues pertaining to scientists: <ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem 1.25rem; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.6; list-style-position: outside;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">How to Get Involved in the Rulemaking Process on Tuesday, December 11, from 11:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. </li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Science in Court: Becoming an Expert Witness and Climate Litigation on Thursday, December 13, from 12:30 to 1:30 p.m.  </li></ul>Both sessions will be held in Room 208A/B at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.  More information about these sessions is available <a href="https://www.csldf.org/events/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">online here</a>.<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; font-weight: 400; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; line-height: 1.4;">Links</h2>Dr. Michael Mann’s November 30 on-line release of his emails, along with a more detailed explanation of the legal case, is <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/29/michael-mann-statement-arizona-emails-released-eeli" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">here</a>. Desmogblog took a detailed look at David Schnare and E&E Legal in a <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/27/david-schnare-forced-to-disgorge-dark-money-from-fmelc-piggy-bank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">November 27 piece.</a> My 2009 blog post, <a href="https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/the-manufactured-doubt-industry-and-the-hacked-email-controversy.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">The Manufactured Doubt industry and the hacked email controversy</a>. My fellow CSLDF board member, Naomi Oreskes, has co-authored an excellent book on the industry-funded attacks on science, <a href="http://www.merchantsofdoubt.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; line-height: inherit; cursor: pointer;">Merchants of Doubt</a>, which has also been made into a fascinating documentary (available on Netflix.)</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></div>STILL AT IT<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/29/michael-mann-statement-arizona-emails-released-eeli">https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/29/michael-mann-statement-arizona-emails-released-eeli</a>Nearly a decade ago, in late 2009, a server at the University of East Anglia was hacked and thousands of emails from the university’s Climatic Research Unit were subsequently released in the run-up to the Copenhagen climate talks. Within these thousands of emails, climate change deniers attempted to cherry-pick a few sentences to falsely suggest scientific malfeasance. This so-called “Climategate” incident managed to briefly cast doubt on the public’s acceptance of the scientific realities of climate change. But ultimately, numerous investigations found there was no wrongdoing, and the media storm was found to only have a fleeting public impact.I have discussed the manufactured scandal in the context of the larger industry-funded, bad faith attack on climate science in my book <a href="http://michaelmann.net/books/hockey-stick" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars</a>.In increasingly desperate attempts to recreate this short-lived machination, there have since been repeated efforts to obtain my and other climate scientists’ emails via fishing expeditions through misuse of the legal system. Led by <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/climate/climate-emails-group-lawsuit.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">David Schnare</a>, one coal-funded group masquerading as a think tank — which currently goes by the name of <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Energy & Environment Legal Institute</a> (<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Energy%26_Environment_Legal_Institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">E&E Legal</a>) — brought a lawsuit in Virginia seeking to obtain virtually every email I had ever sent or received during the six years I was a professor at the University of Virginia.The case was struck down by the Virginia Supreme Court, but E&E Legal has continued to essentially relitigate the matter in friendlier forums. E&E Legal targeted two other prominent climate scientists at the University of Arizona, Jonathan Overpeck and Malcolm Hughes (the latter being one of my longtime co-authors), seeking a total of 13 years of emails from them, including correspondence with or about me or my research. Much of the litigation over scientists’ emails is done <a href="https://www.csldf.org/resources/50-state-report/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">via state open records laws</a>. These laws, which (nobly) allow taxpayers to request copies of government records, have been misused by anti-science groups to target scientific research. Unfortunately, hostile groups have attempted to use these laws to conduct witch hunts by requesting years and years of emails from public university professors. In response to this abuse by both conservative and liberal groups, many states have started implementing reforms and clarifying that university research should be awarded certain protections under open records laws. But for the states which have not yet caught up — such as Arizona — it has a destructive and chilling long-term impact on public universities and their faculty.It impedes the abilities of public university researchers to pursue collaborative research with private universities, and damages the ability of public universities to compete for recruitment of the best minds. Given a choice between subjecting oneself to effectively being watched by “Big Brother” at a public university, or avoiding all of this at a private university, who would choose the public university?I have spent much effort in the years since “Climategate” explaining why scientists’ research correspondence needs to be protected from legal bullying. Anyone who truly cares about the research can and should review the published papers and underlying data, directly evaluating a study’s methodologies, analyses, and conclusions. But seeking thousands of emails serves only to stifle collaboration and discourage the frank, creative exchange of ideas, and chill the candor needed during the confidential peer review process.Why request emails then?  Because it provides opportunities for hostile groups to take phrases, including scientific jargon, out of context in order to mislead and confuse the public. And because the time-intensive demands of legal review and litigation diverts time, energy, and resources away from science.This is not mere conjecture; these outcomes were observed during “Climategate” and replicated many times since. Unfortunately, in the recent Arizona case, the judge seemingly did not understand the importance of protecting scientific research and ordered the release of thousands of my colleagues’ emails — and by extension, many of my emails I exchanged with them. E&E Legal has called climate scientists “alarmists” and claims to have a mission of “free market environmentalism.” It has argued that researchers should be forced to turn over every email in the name of “transparency.”  (Interestingly, however, E&E Legal does not offer up its own emails or, more importantly, the names of its funders.)I have fought repeatedly to protect myself and other researchers, and our emails, from groups like E&E Legal who have no interest whatsoever in legitimate scientific discourse but instead seek to misrepresent and malign scientists in an effort to undermine the public’s faith in climate science.E&E Legal will no doubt post the Arizona emails once they receive them, distributing them online with a series of misleading and disingenuous mischaracterizations, choosing a few phrases here and there to misrepresent me and other scientists and to falsely accuse us of all manner of misdeeds. Consequently, <a href="https://climateincontext.cruelclimate.net/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">I am sharing my emails here</a> (enter “mail_guest” for both username and password). Moreover, a group of independent climate science experts have gone through the emails providing context for interpreting the exchanges and discussions contained within.
To see context notes, click the link at the bottom of an email:
[img]Of course, I wish I did not need to do this.

But since these emails will be handed over any day now to <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">David Schnare</a>, it is our hope to use this exercise instead as a teaching moment and an opportunity to further public appreciation and understanding of science, by(a) using these emails to show how scientists are making an honest and diligent effort to understand the science underlying Earth’s climate system,(b) showing how scientists are engaged in the good-faith give-and-take that is central to the scientific enterprise, which includes appropriate skepticism and critical assessment not only of other scientists’ work but our own, as evident through internal deliberations between the scientists, and(c) demonstrating the understandable frustration that scientists have with those who intentionally misrepresent them and their research for the purpose of advancing an ideological agenda.

- Dr. Michael MannSchnare, center, a founder of the Free Market Environmental Law Clinic. He also worked at the Environmental Protection Agency last year under Scott Pruitt, the former administrator.  CreditSusan Walsh/Associated Press]FAIRFAX, Va. — The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic has long sought to inject doubt into the public conversation about global warming. Now, the future of the group itself is in doubt.
Its founders are battling in court over control of the group, as well as some $900,000 in its bank account. One of them, David Schnare, has been accused by his former allies of botching the group’s tax-exempt status and of attempting to extort a quarter-million dollars from its coffers.
It all comes at a time when Free Market — which made a name for itself using the legal system to obtain climate scientists’ emails — should be ascendant. The Trump administration shares its views on environmental regulation and its dismissal of climate science. And Mr. Schnare, 70, was part of the Trump “beachhead team” at the Environmental Protection Agency during the transition between presidential administrations, though he did not last long there.
Mr. Schnare, in an interview, initially expressed reluctance to discuss the situation at Free Market. “Attorneys are not supposed to talk about and try cases in the press,” he said. Then he added, “I completely deny all these nasty accusations.”
Read the complaint in the Free Market caseThis document (pdf) details the allegations against David Schnare in the case concerning the implosion of the Free Market Environmental Law Clinic. Mr. Schnare has denied the accusations.
 50 pages, 3.29 MBThe legal battle sprawls across three civil lawsuits filed against Mr. Schnare by Matthew Hardin, 28, the chairman of Free Market’s board. Neither side recognized the other’s claim of control, so the fight began with Free Market essentially suing itself.
If that sounds confusing, it certainly was to Chief Judge Bruce D. White of Fairfax County Circuit Court. “We have a plaintiff and defendant who are the same party,” he said at a brief hearing here last month. “That’s not something I see every day.”
Judge White said he would consolidate the cases under a single judge who, he seemed relieved to say, would not be himself. The parties were due back in court this week, but entered into settlement talks as this article neared publication.
‘Fighting the conservative fight’The litigation, which was first reported by The Daily Beast, pits two former partners against each other: Mr. Schnare and Christopher Horner, another lawyer who has worked to discredit climate scientists. The two worked together when Mr. Horner was a senior legal fellow at a related organization, the Energy & Environment Legal Institute. Now Mr. Horner, 53, is aligned with Mr. Hardin in the battle over Free Market.
The efforts by Mr. Schnare and Mr. Horner to obtain climate scientists’ emails followed a trail blazed in 2009 in an episode known as Climategate, when hackers exposed a trove of private messages between scientists. Global warming denialists took the blunt discussions out of context to allege that researchers had tampered with data, but subsequent investigations found no evidence of fraud.<div>=</div><div><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/27/david-schnare-forced-to-disgorge-dark-money-from-fmelc-piggy-bank">https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/11/27/david-schnare-forced-to-disgorge-dark-money-from-fmelc-piggy-bank</a></div><div>
</div><div>mashey 11/18</div><div>Lawyer <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">David Schnare</a> has made a career of suing and harassing climate scientists, abusing the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) to demand masses of scientists’ emails and wasting people’s time.Much of this work has been executed via a dark money-funded 501(c)(3) “public charity” called the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Energy & Environment Legal Institute (</a><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">EELI</a><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">)</a>, where he was General Counsel among other roles. Schnare’s work at EELI was often in conjunction with another shadowy group he founded, the <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/free-market-environmental-law-clinic" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Free Market Environmental Law Clinic (FMELC)</a>, which he co-founded in 2011 with long-time associate <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/chris-horner" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Chris Horner</a>. These two groups dispute the scientific reality of climate change, and have made a business of targeting climate scientists with invasive and harassing lawsuits.FMELC recently imploded in spectacular fashion. Embroiled in multiple lawsuits and mired in infighting, the operation and legality of the “public charity” FMELC have been in heated dispute.Recently, Schnare was ordered to disgorge $630,000 from FMELC, whose bank account he is alleged to have used as his own personal bank.While the source of all this money is unknown, Schnare and his groups have historically been bankrolled by fossil fuel interests, including <a href="https://theintercept.com/2015/08/25/chris-horner-coal/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Alpha Natural Resources,</a> <a href="http://www.prwatch.org/news/2016/02/13049/bankruptcy-documents-indicate-arch-coal-funding-climate-denial-legal-group" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Arch Coal</a>, <a href="http://www.prwatch.org/news/2016/06/13114/peabody-coal-bankruptcy-reveals-extensive-funding-climate-denial-network" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Peabody Energy</a>, and others undisclosed via the “dark money ATM” Donors Trust. (More on what we know about the funding sources is below.)What did they need all this money for? As part of their campaign of harassment, for many years, Schnare, EELI, and FMELChave pursued a <a href="https://eelegal.org/ee-legal-vs-uofa/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">court case </a>against the University of Arizona and climate scientists Malcolm Hughes and Jonathan Overpeck, seeking the release of the scientists' emails regarding their involvement in the development of peer-reviewed papers regarding the climate “hockey stick” circa 1999. This lawsuit is yet one more in an endless stream of denier attacks on the well-established temperature record science.Now, FMELC has been consumed in its own litigation, a voluminous, mind-numbing legal battle between Schnare and another lawyer, Matthew Hardin, over the legal control of FMELC and its financial assets. The court filings were first summarized by:Lachlan Markey, Daily Beast, <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ex-epa-officials-legal-advocacy-outfit-embroiled-in-vicious-leadership-struggle" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Ex-EPA Official’s Legal Advocacy Outfit Embroiled in Vicious Leadership Struggle</a> and John Schwartz, NY Times, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/climate/climate-emails-group-lawsuit.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">He Sues to Discredit Climate Scientists. Now He’s Being Sued by His Allies.</a> Schwartz's article begins:“David Schnare’s conservative legal group seeks to expose science fraud. But it appears to be imploding amid allegations of financial mismanagement, attempted extortion and faked documents.
… 
The legal battle sprawls across three civil lawsuits filed against Mr. Schnare by Matthew Hardin, 28, the chairman of Free Market’s board. Neither side recognized the other’s claim of control, so the fight began with Free Market essentially suing itself.
If that sounds confusing, it certainly was to Chief Judge Bruce D. White of Fairfax County Circuit Court. “We have a plaintiff and defendant who are the same party,” he said at a brief hearing here last month. “That’s not something I see every day.””Below is a timeline of the development of FMELC — originally called the George Mason Environmental Law Clinic (GMELC) — in which I note the confusing course of events. As far as I can surmise, Schnare was essentially the sole practitioner behind FMELC, and effectively subcontracting to EELI in various roles, presumably getting paid, but also transferring money from FMELC to EELI.The money flows are murky, and many questions remain about this activity. Schnare repeatedly obfuscated FMELC's financial information, but some clarity can be obtained by reviewing the court filings and IRS Form 990s....[big table]<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="min-height: 280px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Hardin’s <a href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/66-Free-Market-Environmental-Law-Clinic-complaint/db267d248f264e374a5d/optimized/full.pdf#page=1" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">April 2018 civil complaint</a> suggests that Schnare acted as if FMELC was his personal piggy bank, p. 43 (emphasis added):<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“217. At the January 27, 2018 meeting, Schnare stated a willingness, should all of his conditions be met, to turn over “$600,000 or so” of the, at the time, claimed $877,270.20. …”“218. At this January 27, 2018 meeting, Schnare informed Hardin that if the urge strikes him, after seeing how his demands are received, Schnare could make himself sole member, and,
“If l did; all that money in the bank, is mine, personally.”219. Schnare already confessed, moments before, that “it has never been mine.”220. Schnare stated later, despite that ''I could do any fricking thing I wanted”, he did not want to do this, as ''That is not what I want to have to go in front of a judge and have to deal with.”221. One consistent thread running between these threats and demands is Schnare's refusal to allow any party to review Free Market's financial history222. Schnare's self-created troubles with Free Market's finances have, like his fear of exposure for his original errors in Free Market's legal organization, proved to be compounding factors in the original malpractice, and drivers of the recent behavior further compounding his malpractice.”</blockquote><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">End of the cases — Schnare forced to give back his piggy bank</h3>On August 27, 2018, a Virginia state judge entered an order (<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/2780437%20Court%20Docs.Excerpts_Redacted.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">view excerpts</a>) declaring that the “Parties have entered into a Settlement Agreement” under which Schnare and his co-defendant Chaim Mandelbaum, another attorney who joined FMELC, would return $630,000.The judge dismissed the three related cases “with prejudice,” meaning do not come back, but it is worth examining the cases to get more insight into Schnare's behavior.<h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Schnare wastes scientists’ time, but calls requests to him “burdensome”</h3>In the University of Arizona case mentioned above, Schnare sought to use open records laws to obtain 13 years of emails from two climate scientists at the University of Arizona. The case has been cited by legal scholars as <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3140154" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">a prime example of legal abuse</a>, and it has been a massive time suck for the university and its scientists.Dr. Hughes testified it took him ten weeks to go through all the emails, and he lost an entire research summer to reviewing old emails as well as losing a grant that expired. Dr. Overpeck testified it took him six weeks to go through everything and he was unable to use his sabbatical. Recent Arizona court filings in this case show that document review is still ongoing; a court has ordered that the university produce the first set of emails by November 30. (In the course of this University of Arizona litigation, Schnare also <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2016/03/22/david-schnare-and-jonathan-riches-mislead-arizona-court" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">filed falsified documents with the court</a>, as part of his typical strategy that imposes huge timewasting efforts and expense on scientists.)Meanwhile, in the Virginia litigation over FMELC, in <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/2780437%20Court%20Docs.Excerpts_Redacted.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">filing-2</a>, EXHIBIT B, Schnare responded to 46 requests for documents, denying almost all. Some of these may be fair, but basically, he tried to reject almost all discovery, despite his own career of trying to force far less relevant disclosures from climate scientists.  A rundown of his objections: 
  5         overly broad and unduly burdensome
15         more convenient, less burdensome, and less expensive effort (to get from Plaintiff)
  9          unreasonably cumulative and duplicative, plaintiff already has or will have them.
  2          discovery of electronically stored information is not reasonably accessible because of undue burden of cost
  1          vague and ambiguous
  1          personal income tax returns are protected by a qualified privilege
12          has none
  1          Document attached
46        Total
Schnare's opponent in the Virginia case, Matthew Hardin, wrote, in <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/2780437%20Court%20Docs.Excerpts_Redacted.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">filing-2</a>:“These discovery responses were almost entirely evasive and non-responsive.” <h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Governance, none?</h3>The IRS actually <a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/governance_practices.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">expects</a> real 501(c)(3) public charities to have real Boards, not shams. Schnare's Form 990s listed Steven Gold and Michael Thompson as board members every year, not proof that the board was a fake, but a suggestion that board activity was less than robust.

In his own legal briefs in the Virginia case<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/2780437%20Court%20Docs.Excerpts_Redacted.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">,</a> Schnare himself asserted:<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“In the instant case, the Law Clinic was never incorporated. It never had a Board of Directors that was qualified to supervise or direct the Law Clinic. Regardless of the lack of qualification, the Board never took any action to direct or manage the Law Clinic for the first 6 years of the Law Clinic's existence. Indeed, from 2011 until late in 2017, the Board never even met.”</blockquote>
GMELC/FMELC <a href="https://www.citizenaudit.org/organization/451602963/" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">IRS Form 990s</a> were at best misleading, as in 2015 & 2016 Part VI had “Yes” boxes checked:
Reading this, one might think there actually was a governing body that had meetings. <img alt="" src="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/Schnare.FMELC.png" style="border: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto !important; width: auto;" /><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;">Dark money — $ to both FMELC and EELI, but also FMELC => EELI</h3>As usual, such “charities” do not identify the sources of their funds, but the Kochs' and their allies’ primary “anonymizers” <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/who-donors-trust" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Donors Trust</a> and <a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/donors-capital-fund" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Donors Capital Fund</a> were used. The IRS Form 990s are rather opaque, since Schnare is a key person in both FMELC and EELI.

Donors Trust supplied $750K to FMELC, 30% of its total income, most of which went to the vague “Legal” category, but $245,593 got transferred to EELI, almost 10% of its income. FMELC (Schnare) acted as legal counsel for EELI, which spent 50+% on Legal and Management.

With poor governance and money sloshing back and forth, it is hard to know how much landed in Schnare’s pockets — perhaps why Hardin asked for his tax returns.<img alt="" src="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/FMELC.EELI1.PNG" style="border: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto !important; width: auto;" /><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;"> “Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus”</h3>This <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsus_in_uno,falsus_in_omnibus" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">legal principle</a> says that a witness who testifies falsely on one thing is not credible on others. Schnare submitted a court filing with false words attributed to Steve Schneider, the FMELC court cases are filled with allegations of misbehavior, and he had to return the money he claimed he could keep.The University of Arizona will soon release scientists' emails (per the EELI open records lawsuit), and should Schnare comment on them, bear this history in mind.<div>
</div></div></div></div></div><div>---</div>7/18
Conservative Legal Group in Limbo: David Schnare is a

leader in the effort to discredit climate scientists through invasive

legal attacks, including the Arizona case discussed above. Now Schnare’s

former colleagues are suing him for alleged financial mismanagement,

attempted extortion, and faking documents. <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://csldf.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=635c98e780ac7191328d30eeb&id=3af63ea388&e=15e3916d62" style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;">Lauren Kurtz, our director, recently discussed the case with The New York Times</a>.

                        </font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></font></font></p><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="excerpt" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;"><h1 class="headline" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: underline; line-height: 1.4;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Trump team wanted to kill agency authority on CO2 — emails</font></font></font></h1><section class="excerpt" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 10px 0px 1em; background: transparent; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Trump administration officials had a plan to pull EPA climate regulations out by the roots. A document last year laid out a strategy for reconsidering its 2009 endangerment finding.</font></font></font></p></section><p style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0px !important; background: transparent; border: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" /></font></font></font></p><section class="homepage byline" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font color="#000000" /></a><font color="#000000"><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" /><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" /><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" /><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">By&nbsp;</a><a href="https://www.eenews.net/staff/Robin_Bravender" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; white-space: nowrap;">Robin Bravender</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eenews.net/cw" class="publication cw" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; white-space: nowrap;">Climatewire</a>&nbsp;<time datetime="2018-06-01 07:25:08 -0400" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;">7:25 AM EDT</time></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><time datetime="2018-06-01 07:25:08 -0400" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></time></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><time datetime="2018-06-01 07:25:08 -0400" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060083175</font></time></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><time datetime="2018-06-01 07:25:08 -0400" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></time></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Trump administration officials had a plan to pull EPA climate regulations out by the roots.</b></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>One month after President Trump's inauguration last year, then-EPA official&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">David Schnare&nbsp;</span>sent an email with a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eenews.net/assets/2018/06/01/document_cw_13.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">document</a>&nbsp;that laid out a strategy for reconsidering EPA's 2009 endangerment finding for greenhouse gases,</b>&nbsp;the scientific determination that underpins federal climate change rules, according to documents released to E&E News under the Freedom of Information Act.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The President has no faith in the 2009 finding, believes regulation under that finding is inappropriate, has directed reconsideration as a primary element in his EPA Action Plan, is expected to direct reconsideration in his forthcoming executive orders on climate, and is expected to direct EPA to grant any petitions seeking consideration," the document says.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare, who was on the EPA transition team and "beachhead" team of early political appointees, pushed the administration to be aggressive on unraveling the finding. He's previously spoken about his disappointment that EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt wasn't more aggressive on undermining the finding and that its reconsideration was axed from a major Trump executive order on "energy independence" (<a href="https://www.eenews.net/climatewire/stories/1060067961/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Climatewire</em></a>, Dec. 4, 2017).</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The newly released document shows exactly how the Trump team planned to wage its attack.</b></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The document notes that the agency had already received petitions to reconsider the finding and that climate science completed since 2009 "significantly undercuts the finding."</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">It also says that if the reconsideration finds there's no endangerment from greenhouse gases, it "automatically provides the authority needed" to withdraw "high-cost, low value" climate rules. That would include the Obama administration's signature climate rule, the Clean Power Plan.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Also included are steps for reconsideration. Those include: building a record of decisionmaking that would hold up in court, relying only on studies where the underlying data are&nbsp;<b>publicly available and relying on an "open public process (crowd sourcing)" to provide "independent peer review."</b></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare told E&E News in an interview yesterday that the document was intended to deliver on what Trump wanted.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">The transition team prepared plans for the administration based on Trump's speeches, Schnare said. "It was very clear that climate change regulations were high on his list of things that needed to be addressed."</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Myron Ebell of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, who led Trump's EPA transition team, said yesterday that the document "certainly represents the thinking of the transition" on "why and how the endangerment finding should be reopened." He added that the work of the transition team was confidential.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Pruitt fought the plan, said Schnare, who left EPA in March citing disagreements with the EPA boss.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"Once Pruitt showed up, that process ended," he said. "He had been led to believe that the political cost was too high</b>, and he was led to believe that by people in the Senate and staffers."&nbsp;<b>Pruitt's chief of staff, Ryan Jackson, previously worked for Sen. Jim Inhofe (R-Okla.).</b></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"As a result, Pruitt and I discussed it, and he said, 'I'm not doing it,'" Schnare said. Pruitt told Schnare he had his own solution but wouldn't say what that was, Schnare added.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; background: transparent; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><time datetime="2018-06-01 07:25:08 -0400" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;" /></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pruitt has repeatedly questioned mainstream climate science and has called for a military-style "red-team" debate on the issue. Some who hope to see EPA jettison the endangerment finding are hopeful that such a red-team exercise would ultimately set a foundation for that to occur.</font></font></font></font></p></section></section></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></div><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">fight blame horner:</font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2018,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><span class="caps" style="">FMELC</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">became</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ex-epa-officials-legal-advocacy-outfit-embroiled-in-vicious-leadership-struggle" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">involved in a dispute with its leadership</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, with claims on one side of extortion, lying to the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><span class="caps" style="">IRS</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">in order to obtain its tax-exempt status, and other accusations.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/9/free-market-environmental-law-clinics-effort-to-ro/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">The primary dispute</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">is between</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">David Schnare,</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">who faces allegations of misrepresenting the group to obtain tax-exempt status, and coal-industry lawyer</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/chris-horner" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Chris Horner</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. Horner and Schnare had conceived</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><span class="caps" style="">FME</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Law, then&nbsp;George Mason Environmental Law Clinic, in 2011.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/free-market-environmental-law-clinic#s4" style="text-decoration-line: none;">[4],</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/free-market-environmental-law-clinic#s5" style="text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">ref</font></font></font></font></p><p><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ex-epa-officials-legal-advocacy-outfit-embroiled-in-vicious-leadership-struggle">https://www.thedailybeast.com/ex-epa-officials-legal-advocacy-outfit-embroiled-in-vicious-leadership-struggle</a></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">nolink</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">‘A BAD DIVORCE’</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ex-EPA Official’s Legal Advocacy Outfit Embroiled in Vicious Leadership Struggle</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The problems began when David Schnare took a leave of absence from FME Law to join Trump’s EPA.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">LACHLAN MARKAY</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">04.24.18 4:34 AM ET</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A leading conservative legal advocacy group is at risk of dissolving amid an ugly internal fight over control of the organization.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic is known for its use of the legal system to advance conservative energy and environmental policy goals. But now its executives—including a former senior official at Scott Pruitt’s Environmental Protection Agency—are waging a legal battle for control of the group.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At the center of the allegations is David Schnare, the ostensible head of FME Law. Schnare founded and led the group until he was appointed to a senior EPA position in January 2017. Now Schnare’s onetime colleagues are accusing him of, among other things, misrepresenting the group’s structure to the IRS in order to obtain tax exempt status, attempting to extract hundreds of thousands of dollars from the group for himself and a partner, and threatening to report FME Law for allegedly illegal fundraising practices unless it agrees to the “payout.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare denies all of the allegations. “The arguments aren’t grounded in facts,” he told The Daily Beast in an interview. “It’s all based on incorrect data.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Some of the legal issues will be hammered out in a Virginia court this week, where Schnare is set to present evidence countering his former colleagues’ allegations. The whole thing, he says, is “like a bad divorce.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The spat represents a dramatic and sudden decline for an organization at the vanguard of conservative legal advocacy efforts. It also illustrates the challenges and divisions that have popped up in segments of the conservative movement as it’s transitioned from pure opposition during the Obama years to, under Trump, a position of major influence on high-profile policy-making decisions.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare first joined the EPA in 1978 and served as an attorney in the agency for 33 years. He returned in January 2017 as a member of the Trump administration’s “beachhead” team. But he lasted less than two months in the post. Schnare quickly clashed with EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt, whom he felt was not aggressive enough in rolling back Obama-era regulations on carbon dioxide emissions. After Schnare’s departure in March, he vowed to publicly expose his internal adversaries, but declined to go into detail about his interactions with Pruitt or internal deliberations at EPA.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">RELATED IN POLITICS</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">EPA Tells the White House to ‘Get Lost’</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scott Pruitt’s Rome Trip: More Tourism Than Official Biz</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">WH Aides Wouldn’t All Mind if Pruitt Bombs Before Congress</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“He wanted to be treated like he was the president,” Schnare said of Pruitt. “I think you could describe me as prescient.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FME Law is one of a handful of groups that has used the courts to attempt to enact conservative energy and environmental policy reforms. It has been party to nearly two dozen federal lawsuits against the EPA, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and other federal agencies, seeking to roll back environmental regulations and produce public records revealing regulators’ internal discussions and decision-making process.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At FME Law’s helm since its founding were Schnare and Chris Horner, a member of Trump’s EPA transition team and an attorney affiliated with the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a leading free market think tank. Horner is a prolific filer of open records requests and lawsuits seeking to compel their production. The author of the the 2012 book The Liberal War on Transparency: Confessions of a Freedom of Information “Criminal,” Horner was a frequent thorn in the side of Obama’s EPA, exposing, among other revelations, then-Administrator Lisa Jackson’s use of a private email address, and the alias Richard Windsor, in some internal communications.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare and Horner conceived FME Law, initially called the George Mason Environmental Law Clinic, in 2011. According to an email from Schnare, it “came out of Chris and my joint efforts to build an organization that can push back against the overreach of government action.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After years of collaboration, and some notable victories, Schnare and Horner are now at each other’s throats. And FME Law may shutter altogether as a result.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GET THE BEAST IN YOUR INBOX!</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Enter your email address</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By clicking “Subscribe,” you agree to have read the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SUBSCRIBE</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The problems began when Schnare took a leave of absence from the group to join Trump’s EPA. He told colleagues that he expected to spend three or four years at the agency and then retire. As his last official act, he installed another attorney, Chaim Mandelbaum, as FME Law’s executive director, and stepped back from day to day operations.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Schnare insists that he retained his official position atop the group, and that he resumed day to day management after leaving the EPA. He also had significant control over the group’s finances, having at one point deposited FME Law funds in a savings account opened under his social security number. After he left for EPA, Schnare says, financial control was handed off to Mandelbaum. But internal documents show that the group’s directors had to take action in late June 2017 to remove Schnare’s name from one of the group’s bank accounts, though Schnare says that FME Law was always the account’s official owner.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In late 2017, a new board prepared to take the helm at FME Law. On a conference call, the board, including its incoming chairman, Matthew Hardin, asked to review the organization’s financial position. Mandelbaum provided a one-page, bullet-pointed list of liabilities and assets, showing it had about $920,000 of the latter.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But when the board requested all of the group’s books and financial records, according to the complaint, Mandelbaum balked. He indicated that he did not recognize the new board’s authority to request the information—and in fact said that the board did not have any authority at all.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In an email two days later, Schnare explained the problem. “It appears I made some significant errors when preparing the by-laws and related papers for FME Law,” he admitted. In particular, the group was structured to give controlling authority to its board, but under Virginia law a law clinic’s board members must be registered to practice in the state, and only one of the new board members was. Schnare had assumed that he was the sole “member” of the corporate entity housing FME Law. But its bylaws appeared to contradict that conclusion as well.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare and Hardin agreed to hire an outside law firm to sort out the matter. But what they found was even more damning: The group was legally paralyzed. “As currently organized, FME cannot act,” the firm, Gross & Romanick, concluded in a January 2018 memo. “The board of directors is not properly constituted to manage a [professional limited liability corporation].” Schnare could be considered a governing member, but “in signing the bylaws that indicates there are no members, he disclaimed any membership interest that he may have had.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare says the latter conclusion was erroneous, that the law firm was working with incomplete documentation, and that FME Law never had bylaws or an operating agreement.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ordinarily, the firm wrote, those sorts of issues could be resolved by a court-appointed receiver brought on to address the problems with its corporate structure. But it turned out that Schnare hadn’t just goofed up FME Law’s bylaws; Gross & Romanick concluded that he also made material misstatements in his application to the IRS for 501(c)(3) nonprofit tax status that could land the group in legal jeopardy if a court-appointed receiver reported the issues to the IRS, as it would be legally obligated to do. (Schnare says he did inform the IRS of the underlying issues, and while the group’s later annual tax filings note that it is a professional limited liability company, not a corporation—the distinction at issue—he has acknowledged that its initial application for tax exempt status misstated its corporate form.)</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That left the group in limbo, and its ostensible corporate officers fighting it out over control of the organization. And according to Schnare’s internal antagonists, this is when the threats began.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FME Law’s legal complaint says that Schnare began requesting “a payout” to “keep things quiet” about the legal issues created by the group’s initial tax filing in 2011. “If the IRS were to investigate and rule that tax exempt status was improperly obtained, FME would likely be forced to disgorge any monies raised and any contributors would have to amend their personal tax returns to reflect donations to a nonexempt entity,” Gross & Romanick had warned. “In such a scenario, it is likely that the members of the board would have some exposure for misrepresenting the status of the organization.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The “payout” was to be in the range of $280,000. Schnare says that it wasn’t hush money, but simply an effort to reconcile contractual obligations to contractors. The bulk of the funds were owed to Mandelbaum under the terms of his contract, he said. He declined to say where the rest of the funds would go.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare, FME claims in its complaint, also threatened to sick Virginia authorities on the group, and on Horner in particular. “Things are getting out of hand,” he wrote in a Jan. 27 email to Horner. “It is in no one’s interest to end up in court, especially yours as it would be discovered that you engaged in fundraising without FME Law or yourself being registered to do so, placing you subject to criminal penalties.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At a meeting the same day, according to FME Law’s legal complaint, Schnare suggested that “the Democratic attorney general of Virginia” would be keen to investigate the group due to its conservative political leanings.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Asked whether those amounted to threats, as his former colleagues alleged, Schnare said, “I have no idea how thin their skin is.” He quickly added, “There were no threats, absolutely none,” and noted that a recent investigation by the Virginia Bar had cleared him of allegations surrounding those statements.</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But that hasn’t smoothed relations between Horner, Hardin, Schnare, and others who once worked together amiably. “It might be possible that we would dissolve,” Schnare said, “in which case there are people with whom we have longstanding relationships who would like to carry on the work we’ve been doing.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“There’s no reason not to carry on those relationships,” he said, “even though the friendships have died.”</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></p><p><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/05/15/pence-coal-funded-lawyer-chris-horner-climate-litigation-watch-attack">https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/05/15/pence-coal-funded-lawyer-chris-horner-climate-litigation-watch-attack</a></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="print-link" /></font></font></font></font></p><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="min-height: 280px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For a group apparently hooked on transparency, the latest organization to spring from the loins of the fossil fuel–funded climate science denial industry certainly manages to obscure one or two pertinent&nbsp;facts.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/government-accountability-and-oversight" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Government Accountability and Oversight</a>&nbsp;(<span class="caps">GAO</span>) — the name of the group given public charity status on March 20, 2018 by the Internal Revenue Service — is promising to publish documents about the people and groups behind ongoing court cases against the energy industry and its impact on the global&nbsp;climate.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="dquo" style="margin-left: 0px;">“</span>We’re not going to get into the science debate and other arguments. We’ll just show the public the documents, so you can decide,” lawyer Chris Horner told a sympathetic&nbsp;<a href="http://dailycaller.com/2018/05/09/watch-dog-group-website-enviro-led-climate-litigation/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Daily Caller</a>&nbsp;about&nbsp;<span class="caps">GAO</span>’s&nbsp;<a href="https://climatelitigationwatch.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Climate Litigation Watch</a>&nbsp;(<span class="caps">CLW</span>)&nbsp;project.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Behind the group are three lawyers — one a Republican-elected district attorney, another a former radio host and “longtime friend” of Vice President Mike Pence, and Horner, who has been paid by coal companies and works at the fossil fuel–funded&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/competitive-enterprise-institute" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While apparently not wanting to “get into the science debate,”&nbsp;Climate Litigation Watch says the science linking fossil fuel producers to climate change is “dubious” — a position at odds with every major scientific academy on the&nbsp;planet.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So, who are these characters behind the&nbsp;<span class="caps">GAO</span>&nbsp;and its sole project, Climate Litigation&nbsp;Watch?</font></font></font></font></p><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Christopher Horner's Coal&nbsp;Cash</font></font></font></font></h3><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to Horner’s profile on the&nbsp;<span class="caps">GAO</span>&nbsp;and Climate Litigation Watch&nbsp;sites, he has been a lawyer for 25 years and his clients “have included policy groups, scientists, and members of the&nbsp;<span class="caps">U.S.</span>&nbsp;House of Representatives and&nbsp;<span class="caps">U.S.</span>&nbsp;Senate on matters of environmental policy, in addition to providing regulatory counsel to effected&nbsp;parties.”</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Let’s fill in some gaps there, becuase there are some very large&nbsp;ones.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In the mid-1990s,&nbsp;<a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/02/05/republicans-want-to-make-the-epa-great-again-by-gutting-health-regulations/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Horner’s clients included cigarette maker&nbsp;<span class="caps">R.J.</span>&nbsp;Reynolds</a>,</span>&nbsp;which&nbsp;he suggested should back his idea to “construct explicit procedural hurdles” within the Environmental Protection Agency (<span class="caps">EPA</span>) that would make it harder for the agency to use scientific findings as justification for new rules that would inconvenience certain&nbsp;industries.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to official lobbying disclosures, in the late 1990s and early 2000s Horner also lobbied for the Chemical Manufacturers Association, paint company Dunn Edwards, infamous energy company Enron, and&nbsp;others.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Horner is a long-standing climate science denier, who has regularly appeared on conservative media including Fox News to talk about climate change policy and energy. He is known for his pursuit of climate scientists and their&nbsp;emails.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2015, it was&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2015/08/27/scientists-not-surprised-climate-denialist-lawyer-christopher-horner-has-financial-ties-alpha-coal-company" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">revealed</a>&nbsp;that&nbsp;<a href="https://blogs.wsj.com/bankruptcy/2015/10/15/alpha-natural-discloses-payments-to-climate-change-skeptic-chris-horner/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Horner had been paid $18,600 that year by coal company Alpha Natural Resources</a>. Months later, it emerged that Horner’s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Energy&nbsp;<span class="amp">&</span>&nbsp;Environment Legal Institute</a>&nbsp;(<span class="caps">E&E</span>&nbsp;Legal)&nbsp;also had a financial relationship with Arch Coal. When coal giant Peabody filed for bankruptcy in 2016,&nbsp;<span class="caps">E&E</span>&nbsp;Legal and the<b>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/free-market-environmental-law-clinic" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Free Market Environmental Law Clinic</a>&nbsp;(<span class="caps">FMELC</span></b>), where Horner has also worked, appeared on the list of creditors.<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/energy-environment-legal-institute" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">&nbsp;<span class="caps">E&E</span>&nbsp;Legal</a>&nbsp;has received funding from&nbsp;<span class="caps">FMELC</span>.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Horner&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2016/12/21/awkward-moment-trump-epa-aide-christopher-horner-didnt-want-talk-coal-funding" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">evaded questions about his coal funding</a>&nbsp;during the premiere of a climate science denial film in Paris in&nbsp;2015.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Horner, who was part of President Donald Trump’s&nbsp;<span class="caps">EPA</span>&nbsp;transition team<b>, established&nbsp;<span class="caps">FMELC</span>&nbsp;with lawyer David Schnare.&nbsp;Schnare, an&nbsp;<span class="caps">EPA</span>&nbsp;veteran and transition team member, and Horner are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ex-epa-officials-legal-advocacy-outfit-embroiled-in-vicious-leadership-struggle" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">currently at each other’s throats</a>&nbsp;over accusations of financial malpractice at&nbsp;<span class="caps">FMELC</span>.</b></font></p><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Commonwealth&nbsp;Attorney</font></font></font></font></h3><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Horner’s new&nbsp;<span class="caps">GAO</span>&nbsp;venture includes on its board of directors&nbsp;lawyer and<b>&nbsp;Republican Matthew Hardin,</b>&nbsp;the elected district attorney for Greene County, Virginia, a role known in Virginia as the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.greenecountyva.gov/government/local/commonwealth-attorney" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Commonwealth Attorney</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The&nbsp;<span class="caps">GAO</span>&nbsp;(which perhaps intentionally has the same initials as the Government Accountability Office, which is a federal oversight&nbsp;agency) is registered to a residential address in Stanardsville, Greene County, Virginia, which public records show is owned by&nbsp;Hardin.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2015,&nbsp;<a href="http://eelegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/State-Department-Complaint-EELI-v-State-cv-15-423.pdf" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Hardin represented&nbsp;<span class="caps">FMELC</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span class="caps">E&E</span>&nbsp;Legal</a>&nbsp;in a joint court filing as it tried to&nbsp;<a href="https://eelegal.org/release-ee-legal-sues-state-department-for-emails-texts-with-green-groups-re-climate-treaty/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">pursue the&nbsp;<span class="caps">EPA</span></a>&nbsp;for emails between staff and several environment groups in relation to discussions about the upcoming Paris climate change&nbsp;talks.</font></p><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mike Pence's Longtime&nbsp;Friend</font></font></font></font></h3><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">A third director listed at&nbsp;<span class="caps">GAO</span>&nbsp;is Greg Garrison, a lawyer and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.indianapolismonthly.com/news-opinion/greg-garrisons-last-words/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">recently retired radio host</a>. Garrison is best known as the prosecutor who in 1992 successfully gained the conviction of boxer Mike Tyson for rape&nbsp;charges.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Garrison says he is a “longtime friend” of Vice President Mike Pence. In 2000, Garrison took over&nbsp;<span class="caps">WIBC</span>&nbsp;radio hosting duties from Pence, who was elected to Congress that year. Pence regularly appeared on Garrison's&nbsp;show.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In March 2018, Garrison&nbsp;<a href="http://www.wibc.com/blogs/garrison/liberal-turned-skeptic-nails-global-warming-hoax" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">described the science of human-caused climate change</a>. He said: “The whole thing has been a hoax, a snare,&nbsp;and a delusion&nbsp;always.”</font></p></div></div></div><div><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></font></font></font></div><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/01/25/trump-state-policy-network-summit-dominion-bradley-foundation-climate-denial"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.desmogblog.com/2018/01/25/trump-state-policy-network-summit-dominion-bradley-foundation-climate-denial</font></a></font></font></font></p><p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="print-link" /></font></font></font></font></p><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="min-height: 280px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Last December groups promoting climate change denial sponsored a two-day conference which brought together energy executives and lobbyists with Trump administration&nbsp;officials.</b></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/SPN%20Energy%20Summit%20December%2017.pdf" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">conference’s agenda</a>, which DeSmog has obtained exclusively, the participating energy and utility companies included<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;Dominion Energy, General Electric, and Georgia Power. Officials from the Departments of Energy and the Interior were among the&nbsp;panelists</span>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The event, billed as a “State Energy Policy Summit,” was organized&nbsp;by the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/thomas-jefferson-institute-public-policy" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas Jefferson Institute</a>,*&nbsp;a member of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/state-policy-network" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">State Policy Network</a>&nbsp;(<span class="caps">SPN</span>), a powerful group of think tanks pushing states to adopt conservative policies. Both the&nbsp;<span class="caps">SPN</span>&nbsp;and its ally the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/american-legislative-exchange-council" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">American Legislative Exchange Council</a>&nbsp;(<span class="caps">ALEC</span>) are funded by an array of corporations, right-wing groups, and wealthy conservative donors that include brothers Charles and David&nbsp;Koch.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The conference, which took place from December 7-8, 2017 in Washington, D.C., was also sponsored by the&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Thomas Jefferson Institute&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.bradleyfdn.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation</a>&nbsp;— two groups that promote climate change denial — and the&nbsp;<a href="https://consumerenergyalliance.org/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Consumer Energy Alliance</a>, an advocacy group working on behalf of the oil and gas&nbsp;industry.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">..doc]</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">L<span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">obbying&nbsp;Opportunities</span></font></font></font></font></p><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="min-height: 280px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The conference placed in one room energy interests and the government representatives and agencies which they are currently&nbsp;lobbying.</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The first panel dealt with offshore energy development. It featured speakers from the National Ocean Industries Association, International Association of Geophysical Contractors, and National Ocean Policy Coalition — three trade groups advancing the interests of the offshore and energy exploration industries. A fourth member of the panel was Tim Williams, deputy director of the office of external affairs in the&nbsp;<span class="caps">U.S.</span>&nbsp;Department of the Interior. Williams, a former Republican operative who worked on the Trump campaign, was appointed to his position by Interior Secretary&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/ryan-zinke" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Ryan Zinke</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Keynote addresses by&nbsp;<span class="caps">U.S.</span>&nbsp;Representatives David Rouzer (R-<span class="caps">NC</span>) and Bruce Westerman (R-<span class="caps">AR</span>) followed the panel.</span>&nbsp;Over his brief Congressional career, Westerman has received a total of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/summary?cid=N00035527&cycle=CAREER&type=I" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">$114,450 in campaign contributions</a>&nbsp;from the oil and gas industry, one of the top industries throwing support behind him. Rouzer, between 2011 and 2018, has netted&nbsp;<a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/industries?cid=N00033527&cycle=CAREER" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">$91,490 from the industry</a></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">Congressional records indicate that the energy participants on the offshore panel are presently lobbying both the Interior Department and Congress. National Ocean Industries Association is</span><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://soprweb.senate.gov/index.cfm?event=getFilingDetails&filingID=6D19DEDB-C922-4B8E-8A92-A2D414CD12B1&filingTypeID=78" target="_blank" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none">lobbying the Interior Department</a><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">&nbsp;</span><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">on various matters concerning offshore energy, including the Outer Continental&nbsp;Shelf.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Similarly, the International Association of Geophysical Contractors is&nbsp;<a href="https://soprweb.senate.gov/index.cfm?event=getFilingDetails&filingID=D759ECBB-1A9A-46E6-80C4-AF7201D2AAA8&filingTypeID=78" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">lobbying</a>&nbsp;the Interior Department and the House of Representatives on “[I]ssues impacting offshore seismic activities.” It is also lobbying Congress on&nbsp;<span class="caps">H.R.</span>&nbsp;3131, or the&nbsp;<span class="caps">SEA</span>&nbsp;Act (Streamlining Environmental Approvals Act), which&nbsp;<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3133?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22H.R.+3133%22%5D%7D&r=1" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Representative Rouzer has co-sponsor</a><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/3133?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22H.R.+3133%22%5D%7D&r=1" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">ed</a>. The bill seeks to ease environmental approval processes for offshore exploration in ways that amend current protections for endangered marine mammal&nbsp;habitats.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span class="caps">HBW</span>&nbsp;Resources, the lobbying firm behind the Consumer Energy Alliance,</b>&nbsp;one of the conference’s sponsors, is currently&nbsp;<a href="https://soprweb.senate.gov/index.cfm?event=getFilingDetails&filingID=4FC3EA17-75D5-4945-8565-4A76DAF2616B&filingTypeID=78" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">lobbying</a>&nbsp;the House of Representatives on behalf of the National Ocean Policy&nbsp;Coalition.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A second panel, on electric power, included representatives from Dominion Energy, Georgia Power, and the Nuclear Energy Institute, the nuclear industry’s main trade group. They were joined by Sean Kennedy from the State Government Leadership Foundation, a group which advances Republican candidates and various conservative causes. Though the group keeps its funding sources under wraps,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/big-corporations-put-up-seed-money-for-republican-nonprofit" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">ProPublica reported</a>&nbsp;in 2013 that past donors included&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/exxonmobil-funding-climate-science-denial" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">ExxonMobil</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/edison-electric-institute" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Edison Electric Institute</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dominion was represented on the panel by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.vpap.org/lobbying/lobbyist/84323-william-lawrence-murray/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Bill Murray</a>, a long-time Virginia lobbyist for the company. At the time of the panel, Murray, a Democrat, was&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/11/16/did-northam-s-office-try-hide-dominion-executives-and-lobbyists-sitting-his-transition-team" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">serving on newly elected governor Ralph Northam’s transition team</a>. Murray was unavailable for comment, but a spokesperson for Dominion told&nbsp;DeSmog:</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px 1em 0.5in;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="dquo" style="margin-left: 0px;">“</span>Bill attended the meeting because he was invited. He is a sought-after speaker on several energy policy topics as well as health care.&nbsp;He talked about emissions-free, carbon-free nuclear power and its role in meeting the country’s electricity needs.&nbsp;Again, Bill speaks to a myriad of organizations about various policy topics. He was invited, he accepted. Along with all the other&nbsp;presenters.”</font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dominion is linked in other ways to the Thomas Jefferson Institute, one of the conference’s sponsors. Two of its lobbyists in Virginia, James Beamer and John Rust, serve on the institute’s&nbsp;<a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/bod.php" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">board of directors</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;" /><div class="getty embed image" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline-block; width: 594px; max-width: 594px;"><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another conference panel featured Andrew Black, president of the Association of Oil Pipelines; Chrissy Borskey, a lobbyist for General Electric; and Doug Little, deputy assistant secretary for intergovernmental and external affairs at the&nbsp;<span class="caps">U.S.</span>Department of Energy. General Electric is&nbsp;<a href="https://soprweb.senate.gov/index.cfm?event=getFilingDetails&filingID=77C43972-01B7-42D2-9EB5-FD1F5821E4DE&filingTypeID=78" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">currently lobbying</a>&nbsp;the Department of Energy on a variety of issues, including energy infrastructure, energy appropriations, and renewable energy standards.&nbsp; &nbsp;</font></div></div><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Departments of Energy and the Interior did not respond to requests for comment. General Electric and Georgia Power also did not respond to similar&nbsp;requests.</font></font></font></font></p><h3 style="line-height: 1.28205em; margin-top: 1.28205em; margin-bottom: 1.28205em;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sponsoring Climate&nbsp;Denial</font></font></font></font></h3><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Bradley Foundation, one of this conference’s sponsors, has for years been at the forefront of a sophisticated apparatus that funds climate denial, what Drexel University sociologist Robert Brulle calls the “<a href="http://drexel.edu/now/archive/2013/December/Climate-Change/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">climate change countermovement</a>.”</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Internal Bradley Foundation&nbsp;<a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/bradley-files/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">documents</a>, hacked and released in the last 18 months, support this characterization, revealing that the group contributed millions of dollars to organizations that deny climate change or obfuscate the established science behind&nbsp;it</span>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In recent years this funding went to such groups as the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-institute" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Heartland Institute</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/competitive-enterprise-institute" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>, and the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/manhattan-institute-policy-research" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Manhattan Institute for Policy Research</a>, which&nbsp;<a href="https://projects.jsonline.com/news/2017/5/17/bradley-foundation-helps-fund-groups-opposing-climate-regulation.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">a Bradley Foundation memo</a>&nbsp;described as the three “best” organizations in the “energy and environment component.” The foundation also donated to the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/co2-coalition" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="caps">CO2</span>&nbsp;Coalition</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/george-c-marshall-institute" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">George C. Marshall Institute</a>&nbsp;(which shut down in 2015 and transferred its climate research to the&nbsp;<span class="caps">CO2</span>&nbsp;Coalition), and the Thomas Jefferson Institute — another of the conference’s&nbsp;sponsors.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Based in Springfield, Virginia, the Thomas Jefferson Institute promotes market-based policies that limit government intervention and instead focus on “personal responsibility.” Its<b> Environmental Stewardship program is headed by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">David Schnare</a>,</b> former general counsel of the coal industry-supported Energy&nbsp;<span class="amp">&</span>&nbsp;Environment Legal Institute and a Trump transition team member, who was engaged in protracted legal pursuits of climate&nbsp;scientists.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Under Schnare, the Environmental Stewardship program at the institute&nbsp;<a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/category.php?category_id=8" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">sowed doubts</a>&nbsp;about climate change and critiqued the&nbsp;<span class="caps">U.S.</span>&nbsp;Environmental Protection Agency and its renewable energy&nbsp;mandates.&nbsp;</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The conference’s third sponsor, the Consumer Energy Alliance, has been in recent years actively promoting the gas and oil pipeline buildup throughout the country. The group is&nbsp;<a href="https://consumerenergyalliance.org/about/our-members/" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">funded</a>&nbsp;by various fossil fuel producers, pipeline companies, industrial energy users, and utility trade groups, including such major players as Dominion, General Electric, Spectra Energy (now Enbridge), and Edison Electric&nbsp;Institute.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At times, the alliance used controversial tactics, such as when it&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2016/09/nexus_pipeline_opponents_urge_us_postal_service_to_investigate_lobbying_group_photos.html" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-line: none;">submitted letters</a>&nbsp;of support for Spectra’s&nbsp;<span class="caps">NEXUS</span>&nbsp;pipeline in Ohio — letters signed by people who denied signing them. One of the letters was signed by a man who had been dead for 18 years.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div class="field-label" style="text-transform: uppercase; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TAGS:&nbsp;</font></font></font></font></div><div class="field-items" style="display: inline;"><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7681">State Policy Network</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/topics/trump-administration">Trump Administration</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7487">dominion energy</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7825">American Legislative Exchange Council ALEC</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7685">Bradley Foundation</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/8735">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5128">Consumer Energy Alliance</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/11888">Bill Murray</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">omfg</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.nrdc.org/trump-watch/epa-critic-david-schnare-returns-agency-hes-been-trying-sabotage</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After leaving the EPA in 2012, David Schnare, a lawyer, policy analyst, and climate denier, has returned as a full-time employee. Schnare was part of President Trump’s transition team, which put another climate denier, Scott Pruitt, in charge of the EPA. During his 33 previous years at the agency, Schnare ran a conservative think tank called the Center for Environmental Stewardship, which actively worked to undermine the EPA’s mission. He also cofounded a legal organization (funded partly by fossil fuel interests) that initiated a spate of lawsuits and Freedom of Information Act requests to target and intimidate climate scientists with whom Schnare disagreed. (Schnare, for instance, has stated that carbon regulations do greater harm to the environment than carbon dioxide emissions; scientists would not agree with that.) One of Schnare’s lawsuits sought to block all EPA rules that would reduce deadly particulate matter pollution, commonly referred to as soot. Thankfully, a federal judge tossed out the case. The return of this climate-denying antagonist who has worked to block the health protections that save tens of thousands of American lives a year does not bode well for the nation’s premier environmental agency.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">OMG trump EPA</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman">Last week, Doug Ericksen, communications director for Trump's EPA transition team, told NPR that the&nbsp;<b>agency planned to review all of its scientists' studies on a "case by case basis" prior to publication.</b>&nbsp;Employees were also told to "scrub" EPA's climate change web pages, although the administration backed off that charge. Ericksen told Bloomberg BNA that the agency plans to restore full communications rights, including social media, "as soon as possible."</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Until we learn more, here's what we do know about the beachhead team and some notable affiliations, mapped out using the LittleSis platform.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">view this map on LittleSis</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Koch and Coal Connections</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Charles Munoz&nbsp;</b>is the White House liaison to the EPA landing team and was a top Trump organizer in his home state of Nevada. Munoz helped launch the Nevada chapter of Americans for Prosperity, a political advocacy group funded by the Kochs.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>David Schnare</b>, who has waged intimidation campaigns against climate scientists, worked for 33 years at the EPA before joining a number of Koch-affiliated entities.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schnare is director of the the Free Market Environmental Law Clinic at George Mason University, which serves as the official attorney for the Energy and Environment Legal Institute. Both are funded extensively by Donors Capital Fund and Donors Trust. Schnare is also an energy policy expert at the Heartland Institute.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>David Kreutzer</b>&nbsp;was a senior research fellow at the Heritage Foundation, a group funded by foundations controlled by Koch Industries</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After working at the EPA during the&nbsp;<b>George W. Bush Administration, George Sugiyama lobbied for the National Mining Association.</b>&nbsp;Sugiyama also served as legal adviser to the Republican minority, led by Oklahoma Sen. James Inhofe, on the Senate environment committee. Inhofe is arguably the best-known climate science denier in Congress and famously declared climate change to be a "hoax."</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Washington State's Worst on Climate</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Two Washington state officials, described as the state's "most radical small government lawmakers," have been assigned key posts on the beachhead team. Don Benton, who once introduced legislation based on Agenda 21 conspiracy theories, is the Senior White House Advisor to the EPA transition. And Doug Ericksen is serving as communications director for the transition team.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Described by the Seattle Times as "an ally of the fossil-fuel industry," Doug Ericksen was named by Washington Conservation Voters as among the state's "Dirty Dozen" worst politicians.</b></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><br /></b></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Ericksen wants to make it a felony for oil-by-rail protests to block train tracks</b>, describing it as<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;"economic terrorism,</span>" although the Seattle Times notes that Ericksen's motive is "punishing environmentalists, tribal activists and others who have illegally obstructed oil and coal trains, pipelines and similar projects." The Times notes, "More than going after individual protesters,<b>&nbsp;Ericksen said the legislation's goal is to target wealthy, liberal donors, such as billionaires George Soros or Tom Steyer and organizations such as the Sierra Club, for sponsoring disruptive demonstrations. They could be held liable for damages under the bill.</b>"</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shannon Murphy, head of the Washington Conservation Voters, said, "Sen. Ericksen's and Benton's environmental records speak for themselves. They are both climate deniers who have consistently voted against protecting clean air and water for communities across the state."</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Rest of the Team</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Patrick Davis&nbsp;</b>ran Trump's campaign in Colorado and before that was accused of defrauding a wealthy super PAC by steering money to fake organizations "run" by Davis and his friends.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Layne Bangerter</b>&nbsp;headed the Trump campaign in Idaho and most recently worked with Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID), whose website claims that the cause of changes to the Earth's climate "is ultimately not well-understood and is a matter of vigorous debate." Koch Industries donated $40,000 to Crapo's campaign from 2013-2014.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Justin Schwab</b>&nbsp;is serving as the main legal advisor and is currently an attorney at the corporate law firm Baker Hostetler in Washington, DC.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Holly Greaves</b>&nbsp;is working on budget issues and was most recently a public accountant for KPMG, which works with a number of oil, gas and utility industry clients.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reposted with permission from our media associate DeSmogBlog.</font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></font></font></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">jackson</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>may 2013 announce quit</b></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>omg ati lawsuit hu experiment:</b>&nbsp;11/13/20<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">12</span>&nbsp;forbes</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>EPA Charged With Lethal Experiments On Hundreds Of Unsuspecting Subjects</b></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">also FOIA, mayfly on MTR</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>windsor emails 12/12</b></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see horner, E&E</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">capt 616</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">oreskes</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 1em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20.034px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Perhaps the strongest response came from James Enstrom, an epidemiologist who has challenged the science around the health risks of secondhand smoke and particulate air pollution. Enstrom told Singer that he could make "a very strong case" against Oreskes if Singer filed complaints with the universities she's affiliated with.</font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 1em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20.034px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"I suggest you Attack Oreskes by Filing short Grievances with Harvard and Stanford," Enstrom wrote to Singer on Oct. 21. Oreskes is a professor of scientific history at Harvard University with a doctorate from Stanford University.</font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="border: 0px; margin: 1em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20.034px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Good thought," Singer responded.</font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BS<br /></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">February 11,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> 2016

Contact:

Craig Richardson

<a href="mailto:Richardson@eelegal.org">Richardson@eelegal.org</a>

202-785-8301

Combatting Climate Change in the Courts

by David W. Schnare

General Counsel Energy & Environment Legal Institute

On February 10th, the American Constitution Society for Law and

Policy (“ACS”) hosted a panel discussion on legal approaches and

activities associated with “combatting” climate change through legal

action. Topics covered were RICO prosecutions, climate torts and the

Supreme Court’s stay of the Clean Power Plan. The session was organized

and moderated by Lisa Heinzerling, the attorney who was brought into EPA

to manage the legal analysis of how to extend the agency’s powers

beyond the limits of the Clean Air Act in order to implement the

environmental activists’ climate agenda, and who had previously won the

Massachusetts v. EPA case enabling EPA to regulate carbon dioxide. The

discussion panel consisted of Richard E. Ayres, Founding Partner, Ayres

Law Group, LLP; Co-Founder, Natural Resources Defense Council; Sharon

Eubanks, Partner, Bordas & Bordas, PLLC; lead counsel for the United

States in United States v. Phillip Morris, et al. (the RICO tobacco

case); Matthew F. Pawa, President, Pawa Law Group, P.C., who has failed

repeatedly in his civil climate change tort claims against hydrocarbon

companies; and the obligatory “other side of the argument” panelist,

Roger R. Martella, Jr., Partner, Sidley Austin, LLP; former General

Counsel, Environmental Protection Agency and representing parties

opposing EPA’s Clean Power Plan. In addition, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse

(D-RI) offered remarks.

The session was instructive, even if not in the manner intended by

Heinzerling. Before getting to specifics, however, it pays to understand

the setting of this forum. The ACS is a very liberal association of

legal progressives. It is a young group and its purposes are two-fold –

to create the next generation of progressive attorneys and to create a

national network useful in influencing judges nationwide. They sponsor

over 1,000 sessions a year pushing their agenda. In their own words,

they are “debunking conservative buzzwords such as “originalism” and

“strict construction” that use neutral-sounding language but all too

often lead to conservative policy outcomes.”

As a second introductory note, the audience was equally progressive

(like attracts like), consisting of about 60 folks, young and old,

representing a diversity from the Union of Concerned Scientists to the

Natural Resources Defense Council. The event was covered by Reuters and

InsideEPA.

Although last to speak, the keynote message was offered by Senator

Whitehouse. He supports a federal RICO investigation and prosecution of

“deniers.” His was a political screed based exclusively on a presumption

of a scientific consensus that humans are causing climate change

through use of hydrocarbons. He believes the tobacco RICO case is the

“roadmap” for prosecution of deniers and he looks forward to the day

when the CEOs of the coal, petrochemical and electric power industry are

marched before the Senate to confess their crimes. Notably, he took no

questions, probably because there were some in the audience that had

pushed back against the regular panel and he didn’t want to be

confronted by them. The take-away from his comments is that he is

touting the same broken record on climate and RICO that he has been, but

that he is no more than a cheerleader, one without a portfolio to force

any kind of litigation against “deniers.”

Sharon Eubanks was the first to speak and offered the most useful

content. She began with the unfounded assertion that RICO could be

applied to hydrocarbon companies and anyone who received grant support

from them and anyone who agreed with them on the issues and anyone who

denied anthropogenic climate change or anthropogenic global warming

(“ACC” or “AGW”). She later admitted the facts necessary to bring a

claim were not in hand and that the Department of Justice was unlikely

to undertake a RICO investigation, something RICO authorizes DOJ to do

before filing a complaint.

She laid out the essential requirements of a RICO case, and in that

she was instructive. First, she explained that any person, formal or

informal association, corporation or the like that has a “pattern of

conspiracy” shown to participate in “any association in fact” would be

subject to a RICO prosecution. If an organization received funds from

Exxon to examine and discuss climate change, everyone in that

organization would be subject to RICO, as would the beer buddies who

discussed the issue over lunch and later went on to offer their personal

opinions on the subject that were “denier” in nature, even if the beer

buddies didn’t receive any of the grant and were simply using their

first amendment right to free speech. Sort of chilling, isn’t it.

Second, to prosecute a RICO claim, there has to be a predicate

criminal act. In a civil RICO case, however, this act need not be proven

beyond a reasonable doubt, but only by a fair preponderance of the

evidence. The typical predicate criminal acts are mail fraud and wire

fraud. The scheme to defraud must be shown, but can be as simple as a

denial of ACC that allowed the company to make greater profits than if

they had admitted their product would cause an end to civilization as we

know it. Two or more emails that carry out that scheme are a sufficient

pattern of conspiracy to support a RICO prosecution. Any email that

supports that scheme (apparently regardless of free speech protections)

may be used to include the author of any email as a defendant.

Finally, the remedies vary depending on where one sues. Suing in the

United States District Court for the District of Columbia, one only gets

injunctive relief in the form of an apology and promise to not do it

again. Apparently the massive cost of defending such a case is penalty

enough for the D.C. Circuit. But, in other jurisdictions, RICO remedies

are considered forward looking and the defendant may have to disgorge

all profits associated with their denial. The money goes to the

government. (Yes, this is a tax scheme, not really an effort to remedy

environmental harm or corruption.)

After explaining the law, Ms. Eubanks offered a few words about how a

prosecution would go forward. Absent clear evidence of fraud, there can

be no case filed. DOJ can begin an investigation before filing, but a

private citizen cannot. A state can conduct an investigation, and that

is what will be done in this case, basically out of the New York AG’s

offices. That investigation, and case filing, would be followed by an

extremely invasive discovery effort. In the tobacco case, the government

demanded over 2 billion pages of discovery from the defendants.

According to Ms. Eubanks, a single email from a junior employee stating

that there is a consensus about AGW and the company is contributing to

AGW is sufficient to prove a fraud in the event the company does not

admit to causing AGW. This leads to a defense that a junior employee

does not speak for the company, but Ms. Eubanks did not discuss that

point.

Richard (I created NRDC and am now in private practice making tons of

money) Ayres had a simple message. First, he admitted that NRDC and its

contemporaries do not have the wherewithal to prosecute such a case.

One look at NRDC, EarthJustice or the Sierra Club’s IRS form 990s shows

they have, jointly, more than $100 million a year in income. Thus, what

he is saying is that they just don’t want to take the case on. They want

a consortium of states to do so. Second, he recognized that all they’d

get from winning a RICO case is an order from the court telling deniers

to quit denying. That, however, seems to be what he wants. Specifically,

he stated that he wants to change the meme from “is the science in” to

“who is telling the truth.” He was challenged by the audience, one of

whom suggested that to “tell the truth” one first needs to know what

“the truth” is, which means that one is back to whether “the science is

in.” His response was a non-verbal wince.

Matt Pawa spoke to civil tort actions against companies under a

negligence theory, “climate change harmed me.” He admitted that they had

been unsuccessful with these claims in federal court as the courts held

that the Clean Air Act preempted the tort claims. He suggested that

cases brought in state courts are the obvious next step, but he

apparently doesn’t realize that the states have their own air pollution

statutes that also will preempt a state tort. When asked when the next

case will be filed in a state court, and where (a Reuters question), he

responded, “Any day now, probably after a hot day or when a tornado hits

a town. It is going to happen any day now.”

Roger Martella was eventually allowed to speak, and considering the

audience, he took a very narrow line, suggesting that past litigation

appears to reflect three principles. First, courts are happy to order a

government to do something about climate change, but they are unwilling

to be specific as to what that should be. This is true both in the U.S.

and in Europe. Second, courts are not willing to order decarbonization

or energy goals. That is a regulatory matter. They eschew tort claims,

finding them preempted by the regulatory schemes. Third, courts don’t

want to be triers of facts regarding whether the climate is changing

beyond its normal variation or why.

With regard to the SCOTUS stay of the Clean Power Plan, everyone on

the panel was surprised at the outcome. Ayers was asked to predict the

outcome of the case and stated that the rule would be upheld. Martella,

like any sane attorney, refused to predict what SCOTUS would do, but did

indicate that obtaining the stay was more than just a surprise. To

obtain a stay, the majority of the Court had to reach a conclusion that

those opposing the Clean Power Plan would more likely than not prevail

on the merits of their claim. That is the high bar the “deniers” had to

clear and they did.

And, as a final note, the panel had suggested that there is no

legitimate defense argument that climate change litigation is most

properly considered a political question. Heinzerling was asked about

this since the previous administration was unwilling to issue an

endangerment finding and the next administration may well reconsider and

reverse the Obama endangerment finding. Her response was that she was

100% certain that no administration would ever overturn the endangerment

finding. Of course, she was equally certain SCOTUS would not issue a

stay.

The Energy & Environment Legal Institute (E&E Legal) is a

501(c)(3) organization engaged in strategic litigation, policy research,

and public education on important energy and environmental issues.

Primarily through its petition litigation and transparency practice

areas, E&E Legal seeks to correct onerous federal and state policies

that hinder the economy, increase the cost of energy, eliminate jobs,

and do little or nothing to improve the environment.
http://eelegal.org/2016/02/11/schnare-combatting-climate-change-in-the-courts/

<a href="http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html">http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html  bacon's rebellion blog</a>
<ul class="module-list" style=""><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.cato.org/">Cato Institute</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.cei.org/">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.energyrealism.org">Energy Realism</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.heartland.org/">Heartland Institute</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.independent.org/issues/">Independent Institute</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.junkscience.com/">Junk Science</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://eteam.ncpa.org/">National Center for Policy Analysis</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://neutralsource.org/">Neutral Source</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.owccoalition.org/">Occoquan Watershed Coalition</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.spn.org/">State Policy Network</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://commonsblog.org/">The Commons – Markets Protecting the Environment</a></li><li class="module-list-item"><a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/main/reports.php?subcategory_id=17">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a></li></ul>BS bio

draws on E&E?http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/HHRG-114-SY21-WState-S000583-20150326.pdf---http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/HHRG-114-SY21-WState-B001283-20150326.pdfFor Immediate Release Media Contacts: Laura Crist, Zachary Kurz

March 26, 2015 (202) 225-6371 Statement of Environment Subcommittee Chairman Jim Bridenstine (R-Okla.) Destruction of Records at EPA – When Records Must Be Kept

Chairman Bridenstine: Time and time again, we have seen the Environmental Protection Agency, use

the regulatory process to increase the federal government's authority and bypass Congressional intent, at

the expense of states' rights. The EPA’s regulations have an enormous cost, stifling businesses,

destroying jobs, and increasing the cost of living for Americans.

The EPA seems to believe it should be able to operate without oversight. Just last week, this Committee

helped usher through the House two bills that would simply require greater transparency and more

balanced and public input into EPA’s rulemaking processes. Unfortunately, the President has threatened

to veto both bills. Today’s hearing topic covers the same unfortunate theme. Federal archiving laws exist, as the Federal

Records Act states, “to protect the legal and financial rights … of persons directly affected by the

agency’s activities.” However, the EPA would have us believe that despite the fact that thousands of

text messages are being sent and received, virtually none is important enough to qualify as a federal

record and require preservation, and therefore can be deleted by the individuals sending and receiving

them.

If we, as representatives of the American people, people who are directly affected by EPA’s activities,

are not provided with the information necessary to verify that the agency’s practices are fulfilling both

the letter and the spirit of the law, how can we know that the agency isn’t getting rid of the very records

it is required to preserve? EPA is once again refusing to comply with the Committee’s requests, necessitating the Chairman’s

issuance of a subpoena yesterday to compel production.

EPA’s refusal to turn over records and documents is yet another example of the lack of accountability

and transparency that has become a hallmark of this agency in its dealings with Congress. We here in

the House are not alone; members of the public who request information can expect the same. The

Center for Effective Government recently released a report grading federal agencies on how responsive

they are to FOIA requests, and the EPA received a “D.”

Again, I believe that we here in Congress have a responsibility, on behalf of the people we represent, to

oversee the actions of agencies like the EPA. This is important when those actions have such significant

impacts on all of us, and particularly on my home state of Oklahoma. The EPA has a responsibility and

an obligation to provide the information we have requested. I thank the witnesses for being with us

today and look forward to their testimony.sourcewatchDavid W. Schnare is a Virginia attorney who works on behalf of the contrarian <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">American Tradition Institute</a> (ATI). A <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Climate_inactivist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate inactivist (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">climate inactivist</a>, he has affiliations with ATI and with the<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a>; and as attorneys for ATI, he and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Chris_Horner" title="Chris Horner" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Chris Horner</a> (who also wears two ATI hats) are involved in the ATI legal action seeking to let him and Horner review thousands of climatologist <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Michael Mann</a>'s University of Virginia emails, including emails deemed exempt from FOIA.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-iss-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#Employment.2FFunding" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1 Employment/Funding</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#Background" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2 Background</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#Climate_contrarianism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3 Climate contrarianism</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#Asserted_climate_and_climate_policy_expertise" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3.1 Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#Affiliations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4 Affiliations</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#Controversies" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5 Controversies</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#ATI_suit_to_review_Michael_Mann.27s_emails" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5.1 ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#Articles_and_resources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6 Articles and resources</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6.1 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6.2 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#External_resources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6.3 External resources</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#External_articles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6.4 External articles</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Employment/Funding</h2>Schnare reported in December 2011,<dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"Until my retirement from Federal service, I worked pro bono. I have not, to date, been compensated for my work on any ATI law case. I am receiving partial funding for my work with an Environmental Law Clinic that is undertaking legal research for the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Thomas Jefferson Institute</a>, a 501(c)(3) non-profit."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-email2011-12-13-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></dd></dl>He reports no work relationship with sister 501(c)(4) the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Tradition_Partnership" title="American Tradition Partnership" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">American Tradition Partnership</a>.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-email2011-12-13-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Background</h2>Schnare's ATI bio reports<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a> he has:<dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"a PhD in Environmental Management from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, a Master of Science in Public Health-Environmental Science from the University of North Carolina’s School of Public Health, and a Baccalaureate Degree from Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa, where he majored in chemistry and mathematics."</dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. ... In addition to his [former] position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare ...has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></dd></dl><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate contrarianism</h2>In December 2011, Schnare explained his views, saying he doesn't deny anthropogenic global warming:<dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"I believe the climate is changing and that there is a human signal in that change. I simply don't find sufficient evidence that the human contribution constitutes a matter of such significance to require large economic impacts on our current energy mix, much less the secondary harm to human health and the environment that alarmist policies have already cases and will exacerbate in the future."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-email2011-12-14-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></dd></dl>In the past, Schnare has said that the science isn't clear (2007 Senate testimony)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-desmogblog-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a>, and that if the science is clear, then it's too late to cut carbon emissions,(March 16, 2008)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-desmogblog-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a>, it's too expensive to cut carbon emissions(May 12, 2010)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-desmogblog-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a>, and we should go straight to geoengineering.(March 16, 2008)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-desmogblog-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a>
<h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</h3>Dr. Schnare identifies his expertise as follows:<dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 22.4px;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"Any competent scientist with qualifications in statistical analysis and understanding the scientific method is capable of assessing climate science if they take the time, and are given the opportunity to examine the data and methods used by a "climate scientist". My courses of study leading to a PhD in Environmental Science and an MSPH provided me both."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-email2011-12-14-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></dd></dl><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Affiliations</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc., "a professional corporation providing legal representation, legal and policy analysis"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.atinstitute.org/about/staff-board-of-directors/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" base64="base64" pd94bwwgdmvyc2lvbj0ims4wiiblbmnvzgluzz0ivvrgltgipz48c3znihhtbg5zpsjodhrwoi8vd3d3lnczlm9yzy8ymdawl3n2zyigd2lkdgg9ijewiibozwlnahq9ijewij48zyb0cmfuc2zvcm09inryyw5zbgf0zsgtodi2ljqyosatnjk4ljc5mskipjxyzwn0ihdpzhropsi1ljk4miigagvpz2h0psi1ljk4miiged0iodi2ljkyosiget0inzayljmwosigzmlsbd0ii2zmziigc3ryb2tlpsijmdzjii8="PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8" pgc="PGc" phbhdgggzd0ittgzms4xotqgnjk4ljc5mwg1ljiznhy1ljm5mwwtms41nzegms41ndutms4zms0xljmxltiunzi1idiunzi1ltiunjg5ltiunjg5idiuoda4ltiuoda4lteumzexlteumzexeiigzmlsbd0iiza2ziivpjxwyxroigq9ik04mzuundi0idy5os43otvsljaymia0ljg4ns0xljgxny0xljgxny0yljg4msayljg4ms0xljiyoc0xljiyocayljg4ms0yljg4ms0xljg1ms0xljg1mxoiigzpbgw9iinmzmyilz48l2c="PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c" pc9npjwvc3znpg="=">[1]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Schnare is listed among the "<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Heartland_Institute/Global_warming_experts" title="Heartland Institute/Global warming experts" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Heartland Institute/Global warming experts</a>".</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_of_Public_Policy" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy</a>, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-exxonsecrets-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">American Tradition Institute</a></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Controversies</h2><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</h3>In 2011 Schnare and fellow <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">American Tradition Institute</a> attorney <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Chris_Horner" title="Chris Horner" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Chris Horner</a> sued the University of Virginia for access to thousands of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Michael Mann</a>'s emails, including his correspondence with 39 other climate scientists.But the University of Virginia's court filings<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-support-memorandum.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 16px; background: url(" http="http" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" no-repeat="no-repeat">[2]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-Kast-affidavit.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 16px; background: url(" http="http" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" no-repeat="no-repeat">[3]</a> argued that ATI publicity and actions of ATI principals Schnare and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Christopher_Horner" title="Christopher Horner" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Christopher Horner</a> - both of whom were acting as both attorney and petitioner - had raised serious questions about whether in their role as attorneys for ATI they could be trusted to abide by the previous ruling's requirement to keep the content of the exempt emails private.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Articles and resources</h2><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">References</h3><div class="references-small" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li id="cite_note-iss-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-iss_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up↑</a> Sue Sturgis (2011-10-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/10/special-investigation-whos-behind-the-information-attacks-on-climate-scientists.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" base64="base64" pd94bwwgdmvyc2lvbj0ims4wiiblbmnvzgluzz0ivvrgltgipz48c3znihhtbg5zpsjodhrwoi8vd3d3lnczlm9yzy8ymdawl3n2zyigd2lkdgg9ijewiibozwlnahq9ijewij48zyb0cmfuc2zvcm09inryyw5zbgf0zsgtodi2ljqyosatnjk4ljc5mskipjxyzwn0ihdpzhropsi1ljk4miigagvpz2h0psi1ljk4miiged0iodi2ljkyosiget0inzayljmwosigzmlsbd0ii2zmziigc3ryb2tlpsijmdzjii8="PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8" pgc="PGc" phbhdgggzd0ittgzms4xotqgnjk4ljc5mwg1ljiznhy1ljm5mwwtms41nzegms41ndutms4zms0xljmxltiunzi1idiunzi1ltiunjg5ltiunjg5idiuoda4ltiuoda4lteumzexlteumzexeiigzmlsbd0iiza2ziivpjxwyxroigq9ik04mzuundi0idy5os43otvsljaymia0ljg4ns0xljgxny0xljgxny0yljg4msayljg4ms0xljiyoc0xljiyocayljg4ms0yljg4ms0xljg1ms0xljg1mxoiigzpbgw9iinmzmyilz48l2c="PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c" pc9npjwvc3znpg="=" xmlns:data="data">SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: Who's behind the 'information attacks' on climate scientists? -</a>. The Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved on 2011-11-01.</li><li id="cite_note-email2011-12-13-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-email2011-12-13_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:2.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-email2011-12-13_2-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2.1</a> "I do not work with or for the Partnership." Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-13; Can't check since ATP/WTP's IRS returns, if any, are not available on Guidestar as of 2011-12-14.</li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atinstitute.org/about/staff-board-of-directors/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" base64="base64" pd94bwwgdmvyc2lvbj0ims4wiiblbmnvzgluzz0ivvrgltgipz48c3znihhtbg5zpsjodhrwoi8vd3d3lnczlm9yzy8ymdawl3n2zyigd2lkdgg9ijewiibozwlnahq9ijewij48zyb0cmfuc2zvcm09inryyw5zbgf0zsgtodi2ljqyosatnjk4ljc5mskipjxyzwn0ihdpzhropsi1ljk4miigagvpz2h0psi1ljk4miiged0iodi2ljkyosiget0inzayljmwosigzmlsbd0ii2zmziigc3ryb2tlpsijmdzjii8="PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8" pgc="PGc" phbhdgggzd0ittgzms4xotqgnjk4ljc5mwg1ljiznhy1ljm5mwwtms41nzegms41ndutms4zms0xljmxltiunzi1idiunzi1ltiunjg5ltiunjg5idiuoda4ltiuoda4lteumzexlteumzexeiigzmlsbd0iiza2ziivpjxwyxroigq9ik04mzuundi0idy5os43otvsljaymia0ljg4ns0xljgxny0xljgxny0yljg4msayljg4ms0xljiyoc0xljiyocayljg4ms0yljg4ms0xljg1ms0xljg1mxoiigzpbgw9iinmzmyilz48l2c="PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c" pc9npjwvc3znpg="=" xmlns:data="data">Staff & Board of Directors</a>. American Tradition Institute. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up↑</a> David W. Schnare. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" base64="base64" pd94bwwgdmvyc2lvbj0ims4wiiblbmnvzgluzz0ivvrgltgipz48c3znihhtbg5zpsjodhrwoi8vd3d3lnczlm9yzy8ymdawl3n2zyigd2lkdgg9ijewiibozwlnahq9ijewij48zyb0cmfuc2zvcm09inryyw5zbgf0zsgtodi2ljqyosatnjk4ljc5mskipjxyzwn0ihdpzhropsi1ljk4miigagvpz2h0psi1ljk4miiged0iodi2ljkyosiget0inzayljmwosigzmlsbd0ii2zmziigc3ryb2tlpsijmdzjii8="PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8" pgc="PGc" phbhdgggzd0ittgzms4xotqgnjk4ljc5mwg1ljiznhy1ljm5mwwtms41nzegms41ndutms4zms0xljmxltiunzi1idiunzi1ltiunjg5ltiunjg5idiuoda4ltiuoda4lteumzexlteumzexeiigzmlsbd0iiza2ziivpjxwyxroigq9ik04mzuundi0idy5os43otvsljaymia0ljg4ns0xljgxny0xljgxny0yljg4msayljg4ms0xljiyoc0xljiyocayljg4ms0yljg4ms0xljg1ms0xljg1mxoiigzpbgw9iinmzmyilz48l2c="PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c" pc9npjwvc3znpg="=" xmlns:data="data">About Me</a>. TheHardLook blog. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</li><li id="cite_note-email2011-12-14-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-email2011-12-14_5-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:5.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-email2011-12-14_5-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5.1</a> Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-14</li><li id="cite_note-desmogblog-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-desmogblog_6-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:6.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-desmogblog_6-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6.1</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-desmogblog_6-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6.2</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-desmogblog_6-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6.3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" base64="base64" pd94bwwgdmvyc2lvbj0ims4wiiblbmnvzgluzz0ivvrgltgipz48c3znihhtbg5zpsjodhrwoi8vd3d3lnczlm9yzy8ymdawl3n2zyigd2lkdgg9ijewiibozwlnahq9ijewij48zyb0cmfuc2zvcm09inryyw5zbgf0zsgtodi2ljqyosatnjk4ljc5mskipjxyzwn0ihdpzhropsi1ljk4miigagvpz2h0psi1ljk4miiged0iodi2ljkyosiget0inzayljmwosigzmlsbd0ii2zmziigc3ryb2tlpsijmdzjii8="PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8" pgc="PGc" phbhdgggzd0ittgzms4xotqgnjk4ljc5mwg1ljiznhy1ljm5mwwtms41nzegms41ndutms4zms0xljmxltiunzi1idiunzi1ltiunjg5ltiunjg5idiuoda4ltiuoda4lteumzexlteumzexeiigzmlsbd0iiza2ziivpjxwyxroigq9ik04mzuundi0idy5os43otvsljaymia0ljg4ns0xljgxny0xljgxny0yljg4msayljg4ms0xljiyoc0xljiyocayljg4ms0yljg4ms0xljg1ms0xljg1mxoiigzpbgw9iinmzmyilz48l2c="PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c" pc9npjwvc3znpg="=" xmlns:data="data">David Schnare</a>. DeSmogBlog. Retrieved on 2011-11-08.</li><li id="cite_note-exxonsecrets-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-exxonsecrets_7-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=1364" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" base64="base64" pd94bwwgdmvyc2lvbj0ims4wiiblbmnvzgluzz0ivvrgltgipz48c3znihhtbg5zpsjodhrwoi8vd3d3lnczlm9yzy8ymdawl3n2zyigd2lkdgg9ijewiibozwlnahq9ijewij48zyb0cmfuc2zvcm09inryyw5zbgf0zsgtodi2ljqyosatnjk4ljc5mskipjxyzwn0ihdpzhropsi1ljk4miigagvpz2h0psi1ljk4miiged0iodi2ljkyosiget0inzayljmwosigzmlsbd0ii2zmziigc3ryb2tlpsijmdzjii8="PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8" pgc="PGc" phbhdgggzd0ittgzms4xotqgnjk4ljc5mwg1ljiznhy1ljm5mwwtms41nzegms41ndutms4zms0xljmxltiunzi1idiunzi1ltiunjg5ltiunjg5idiuoda4ltiuoda4lteumzexlteumzexeiigzmlsbd0iiza2ziivpjxwyxroigq9ik04mzuundi0idy5os43otvsljaymia0ljg4ns0xljgxny0xljgxny0yljg4msayljg4ms0xljiyoc0xljiyocayljg4ms0yljg4ms0xljg1ms0xljg1mxoiigzpbgw9iinmzmyilz48l2c="PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c" pc9npjwvc3znpg="=" xmlns:data="data">David Schnare</a>. ExxonSecrets Factsheet. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/va-ag-timeline.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" base64="base64" pd94bwwgdmvyc2lvbj0ims4wiiblbmnvzgluzz0ivvrgltgipz48c3znihhtbg5zpsjodhrwoi8vd3d3lnczlm9yzy8ymdawl3n2zyigd2lkdgg9ijewiibozwlnahq9ijewij48zyb0cmfuc2zvcm09inryyw5zbgf0zsgtodi2ljqyosatnjk4ljc5mskipjxyzwn0ihdpzhropsi1ljk4miigagvpz2h0psi1ljk4miiged0iodi2ljkyosiget0inzayljmwosigzmlsbd0ii2zmziigc3ryb2tlpsijmdzjii8="PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8" pgc="PGc" phbhdgggzd0ittgzms4xotqgnjk4ljc5mwg1ljiznhy1ljm5mwwtms41nzegms41ndutms4zms0xljmxltiunzi1idiunzi1ltiunjg5ltiunjg5idiuoda4ltiuoda4lteumzexlteumzexeiigzmlsbd0iiza2ziivpjxwyxroigq9ik04mzuundi0idy5os43otvsljaymia0ljg4ns0xljgxny0xljgxny0yljg4msayljg4ms0xljiyoc0xljiyocayljg4ms0yljg4ms0xljg1ms0xljg1mxoiigzpbgw9iinmzmyilz48l2c="PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c" pc9npjwvc3znpg="=" xmlns:data="data">Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann</a>. Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved on 2011-11-03.</li></ol></div><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Related SourceWatch articles</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">American Tradition Institute</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">George Mason University</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a> (with <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Randal_C.Teague" title="Randal C. Teague" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Randal C. Teague</a>)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Heartland_Institute/Global_warming_experts" title="Heartland Institute/Global warming experts" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Heartland Institute/Global warming experts</a></li></ul><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">External resources</h3><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">David W. Schnare. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" base64="base64" pd94bwwgdmvyc2lvbj0ims4wiiblbmnvzgluzz0ivvrgltgipz48c3znihhtbg5zpsjodhrwoi8vd3d3lnczlm9yzy8ymdawl3n2zyigd2lkdgg9ijewiibozwlnahq9ijewij48zyb0cmfuc2zvcm09inryyw5zbgf0zsgtodi2ljqyosatnjk4ljc5mskipjxyzwn0ihdpzhropsi1ljk4miigagvpz2h0psi1ljk4miiged0iodi2ljkyosiget0inzayljmwosigzmlsbd0ii2zmziigc3ryb2tlpsijmdzjii8="PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8" pgc="PGc" phbhdgggzd0ittgzms4xotqgnjk4ljc5mwg1ljiznhy1ljm5mwwtms41nzegms41ndutms4zms0xljmxltiunzi1idiunzi1ltiunjg5ltiunjg5idiuoda4ltiuoda4lteumzexlteumzexeiigzmlsbd0iiza2ziivpjxwyxroigq9ik04mzuundi0idy5os43otvsljaymia0ljg4ns0xljgxny0xljgxny0yljg4msayljg4ms0xljiyoc0xljiyocayljg4ms0yljg4ms0xljg1ms0xljg1mxoiigzpbgw9iinmzmyilz48l2c="PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c" pc9npjwvc3znpg="=">About Me</a>. The Hard Look. 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Kast UVA affidavit, October 2011</a></li></ul>http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="min-height: 280px; line-height: 18.59px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><h1 style="line-height: 1.2em; margin-top: 0.75em; margin-bottom: 0.75em;">David W. Schnare</h1><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Credentials</h2><ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li>J.D., George Mason University School of Law (1999).</li><li>Ph.D., Environmental Management, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (1979).</li><li>M.Sc., Public Health-Environmental Science, University of North Carolina School of Public Health.</li><li>Bachelor's Degree (chemistry and math major), Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa.</li></ul>Source: <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s1" style="text-decoration: none;">[1]</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s2" style="text-decoration: none;">[2]</a><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Background</h2>David Schnare is <a href="http://eelegal.org/?page_id=293" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">General Counsel</a> at the Energy and Environment Legal Institute (formerly American Tradition Institute), as well as the <a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">“Director of the Center for Environmental Stewardship”</a> at the Thomas Jefferson Institute. Schnare is the past Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition, and Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee. He isCEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc.The Thomas Jefferson Institute lists Schnare as an attorney and scientist who “managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental and policy issues.”Schare has called for “geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects of global warming, at least for a few decades…” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s3" style="text-decoration: none;">[3]</a><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;">Stance on Climate Change</h2>“When it comes to global warming, I'm a skeptic because the conclusions about the cause of the apparent warming stand on the shoulders of incredibly uncertain data and models…” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s4" style="text-decoration: none;">[4]</a>Schnare has said that it is too late to curb global warming because “The world has already exceeded the greenhouse gas emissions 'tipping point' beyond which catastrophic warming cannot be stopped.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s5" style="text-decoration: none;">[5]</a>He believes that the IPCC's science “could be wrong. But it could also be right. And, what if the IPCC predictions are true? Then, as the first truth states, it's too late, and the climate scientific community has admitted as much.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s6" style="text-decoration: none;">[6]</a><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;">Key Quotes</h2>April 22, 2014Speaking at The Heritage Foundation's <a href="http://www.webcitation.org/6PDlgGjy3" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; letter-spacing: 0.03em; line-height: 1.5em;">Happy Earth Day: Dispelling Environmental Myths and Celebrating Human Achievement</a> event, Schnare, at 27:23 states:<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“What we really need to do is to admit, as has been said already, is that we’ve succeeded. There is no one single good measure for water quality, but there is a sort of general measure: is the water “impaired” based on what the state said the quality of the water ought to look like. And, so, if you look at all the waters of the United States, and there’s over 300,000 of them, sorry, there’s over 300,000,000 of them—I can’t remember being a lawyer and a scientist—sometimes those numbers can collide, but the bottom line is most of them are not impaired, and those that are impaired, are impaired from natural causes… You know, the deer have to go to the bathroom somewhere.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s16" style="text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></blockquote>At 34:12 Schnare then says:<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“Today, maybe I’m a scientist, but I’m also a lawyer, and when I left the [Environmental Protection] Agency someone asked me and said ‘well, what are you going to do?’ and, I said, ‘I’m going to sue the agency,’ and they went, 'oh no.' And so, [since then] we have [sued]…” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s16" style="text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></blockquote>February 17, 2011<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“The energy windmills offer is not free, not clean, not reliable and not consistent. And it doesn’t create new jobs.”<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s11" style="text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></blockquote>May 18, 2010<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“Those of us familiar with the coal-fired power plant industry have long recognised that CCS may be slightly more than a pipe-dream, but will never be affordable or practicable for the vast majority of coal-fired plants. Yet no one in the bureaucracy has had the courage to stand up and refute this politically correct but scientifically bankrupt concept.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s9" style="text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></blockquote>May 12, 2010<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“Tea Parties are scathingly and properly scathingly opposed to the climate change proposals that have emerged over the past decade. They see the economic consequences of such action, and applying the principles of 'opportunity costs' and the need for honest science, including full transparency in the scientific discussion.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s10" style="text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></blockquote>March 16, 2010<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“These propagandists [Stephen Schneider and other scientists involved in 'Climategate'] are not to be confused with the majority of scientists who have no political agenda and who simply want to be scientists. These are often the scientists who are under attack and should not be. Among them are Richard Lindzen, MIT, Roger Pielke, Sr., University of Colorado – Boulder, and John Christy, UAH. These people refuse to go beyond where observation takes them. They are under attack because they refuse to participate in the propaganda campaigns.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s8" style="text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></blockquote>March 16, 2008<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“The Virginia plan to reduce greenhouse gases by a mere 30 percent by 2020 is too little, too late and so is the even more aggressive IPCC proposal to reduce them by 80 percent.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s5" style="text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></blockquote>September 26, 2007<blockquote style="margin: 1.5em 30px;">“As Ken Caldeira, a professor of climate science at Stanford University, explains, reducing greenhouse gases will cost around 2 percent of the gross domestic product while geo-engineering (by putting reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere) will cost about one-thousandth of that.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s7" style="text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></blockquote><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;">Key Deeds</h2>April 22, 2014Schnare is a speaker at The Heritage Foundation's “<a href="http://www.webcitation.org/6PDlgGjy3" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Happy Earth Day: Dispelling Environmental Myths and Celebrating Human Achievement</a>” event. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s16" style="text-decoration: none;">[16]</a>See the video footage here:June 30-July 1, 2011Schnare was a <a href="http://climateconference.heartland.org/speakers-2/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">speaker</a> at the <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-institute" style="text-decoration: none;">Heartland Institute</a>'s Sixth International Conference on Climate Change. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s12" style="text-decoration: none;">[12]</a>

Nov, 2008Featured speaker <a href="http://www.yourenergyfuture.org/files/2010/Virginia_Dialogue.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">(PDF</a>) at the fall Climate Change Conference sponsored by the National Chamber of Commerce and the Virginia Chamber. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s13" style="text-decoration: none;">[13]</a>

This conference “brought scores of business leaders together to discuss the climate change/environmental issues facing our nation and our state.”

Schnare advocated geo-engineering in his presentation where he explained that through “artificially seeding the atmosphere with non-polluting reflective particles (that slowly descend to the surface of the earth) we can keep the earth’s atmosphere cool as we work to find economically feasible alternatives to carbon-based fuels.” He concludes that “this is a more acceptable concept than severely restricting our economic growth through drastic government regulation.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s14" style="text-decoration: none;">[14]</a>April, 2008Spoke at the Heartland Institute's 2008 International Conference on Climate Change where he introduced his paper (<a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/Schnare_speech_2.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">.pdf</a>), titled “Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative,” which was published by the Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s3" style="text-decoration: none;">[3]</a>

Although the paper does imply that global warming may be due in part to increases in Greenhouse Gases caused by humans, he believes that it is too late to try to reduce our emissions.

The abstract states that our situation “calls for geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects, at least for a few decades; an immediate reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) where those reductions actually save money (the “no regrets” alternatives); significantly expanded use of and research on low-cost carbon sequestration that removes GHGs from the atmosphere or reduces carbon emissions; and some breathing space within which to further assess some of the global warming theories that, if disproven, would point humanity toward lesser or greater reliance on alternative climate change responses.”

Schnare continues, stating that “A perusal of [the Geophysical Research Letters journal], however, finds well documented, peer- reviewed papers indicating there appears to be some merit to arguments that warming over the past 40 years reflects a normal, if chaotic cycle that may overlay anthropogenic (human caused) warming, but alone explains the majority of observed warming.”

For support, Schanre quotes skeptical scientists such as <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/petr-chylek" style="text-decoration: none;">Petr Chylek</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/dennis-avery" style="text-decoration: none;">Dennis Avery</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/s-fred-singer" style="text-decoration: none;">Fred Singer</a> and<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/alan-carlin" style="text-decoration: none;"> Alan Carlin</a>. The suggested geo-engineering projects are<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/lomborgs-robot-navy" style="text-decoration: none;"> reminiscent of those recommended</a> by <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/bjorn-lomborg" style="text-decoration: none;">Bjorn Lomborg</a> including ocean-based cloud creation, ocean fertilization, and ocean carbon sequesterization.

Schnare also describes “High Cost Actions” that would be too expensive to implement to reduce carbon emissions including:<ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li>All forms of direct solar power (photovoltaic and CSP)</li><li>Residential and commercial HVAC high efficiency equipment (a LEED element)</li><li>Carbon Capture at coal-fired power plants and carbon-intensive industrial processes</li><li>Re-forestation of crop land</li><li>Medium and high penetration onshore wind power</li><li>Biomass power generation</li><li>Shifting from coal to gas electricity generation</li><li>Hybrid automobiles</li></ul>September 26, 2007Testified before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, referencing his report titled “<a href="http://www.heartland.org/environmentandclimate-news.org/article/22156/Responses_to_Climate_Change_and_their_Implications_on_Preservation_and_Restoration_of_the_Chesapeake_Bay.html" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay”</a> where he argues that we need to apply geo-engineering to prevent global warming, and that “any investments in reducing greenhouse gases…would be the greatest threat to the [Chesapeake] Bay.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s7" style="text-decoration: none;">[7]</a><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Affiliations</h2><ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a> — <a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Senior Fellow for Energy and the </a><a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Environment</a>. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s1" style="text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></li></ul><ul style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heartland_Institute" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">The Heartland Institute </a>— “<a href="http://heartland.org/david-schnare" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Expert</a>.” <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s15" style="text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></li></ul><h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Publications</h2><a href="http://scholar.google.ca/scholar?as_q=Climate&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=David+Schnare&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_sdt=1.&as_sdtp=on&as_sdtf=&as_sdts=5&hl=en" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">A Google Scholar search</a> returns one article written by David Schnare on the subject of climate, titled “Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground,” published by the Thomas Jefferson Institute. He has not published any articles on climate in peer-reviewed journals.<h2 style="line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"> Resources</h2><ol style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px;"><li><a name="s1" id="s1" style="">“</a><a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Staff and Scholars</a>,” Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. Accessed February, 2012.</li><li><a name="s2" id="s2" style="">“</a><a href="http://eelegal.org/?page_id=293" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Senior Leadership</a>,” Energy and Environment Legal Institute (formerly American Tradition Institute). Accessed April 2014.</li><li><a name="s3" id="s3" style="">David W. Schnare. “Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative” (</a><a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/Schnare_speech_2.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.</li><li><a name="s4" id="s4" style="">“</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.SenateReport" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">U.S. Senate Report: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Disputed Man-Made Global Warming Claims in 2007</a>,” U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, December 20, 2007.</li><li><a name="s5" id="s5" style="">David Schnare. “Emergency Preparedness for Climate Change” (</a><a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/Shnare_FreeLanceStar_ClimateChange.doc" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">.doc</a>) The Jefferson Journal, March 16, 2008.</li><li><a name="s6" id="s6" style="">David Schnare. “Four Truths about Climate Change,” The Jefferson Journal (</a><a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/Schnare_FourTruths.doc" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">.doc</a>), November 3, 2008.</li><li><a name="s7" id="s7" style="">“Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay” (</a><a href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=03243e1e-cf11-4bfb-b11b-3baed7cdc751" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), David Schnare's testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, September 26, 2007.</li><li><a name="s8" id="s8" style="">David Schnare. “</a><a href="http://www.masterresource.org/2010/03/what-real-scientists-do-global-warming-science-vs-global-whining-scientists/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">What Real Scientists Do: Global Warming Science vs. Global Whining Scientists</a>,” MasterResource, March 16, 2010.</li><li><a name="s9" id="s9" style="">David Schnare. “</a><a href="http://utahclimate.org/articles/news/climate-science-policy-needs-a-%E2%80%9Cteam-b" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Climate Science Policy Needs a 'Team B'</a>,” MasterResource. May 18, 2010.</li><li><a name="s10" id="s10" style="">David Schnare. “</a><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110520122050/http://baconsrebellion.com/2010/05/12/a-tea-party-environmental-platform/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">A Tea Party Environmental Platform</a>,” Bacon's Rebellion, May 12, 2010. Archived May 20, 2011.</li><li><a name="s11" id="s11" style="">David Schnare. “</a><a href="http://www.jeffersonpolicyjournal.com/?p=1351" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Death by Wind</a>,” Jefferson Policy Journal, February 17, 2011.</li><li><a name="s12" id="s12" style="">“</a><a href="http://climateconference.heartland.org/speakers-2/" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Speakers</a>,” International Conference on Climate Change (climateconference.heartland.org). Accessed February, 2012.</li><li><a name="s13" id="s13" style="">“Virginia Climate Change & Energy Business Summit” (</a><a href="http://www.yourenergyfuture.org/files/2010/Virginia_Dialogue.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), Yourenergyfuture.org.</li><li><a name="s14" id="s14" style="">“Annual Report 2008” (</a><a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/files/3/Annual_Report_2008.pdf" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">PDF</a>), Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.</li><li><a name="s15" id="s15" style="">“</a><a href="http://heartland.org/david-schnare" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Heartland Experts: David Schnare</a>,” The Heartland Institute. Accessed February, 2012.</li><li><a name="s16" id="s16" style="">“</a><a href="http://www.webcitation.org/6PDlgGjy3" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none;">Happy Earth Day: Dispelling Environmental Myths and Celebrating Human Achievement</a>,” The Heritage Foundation, April 22, 2014. Archived April 30, 2014.</li></ol></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-14 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above" style="padding-top: 1.5em; border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-top: 1.5em; line-height: 18.59px;"><div class="field-label" style="text-transform: uppercase; display: inline;">TAGS: </div><div class="field-items" style="display: inline;"><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/821" style="">Heartland Institute</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/913" style="">global warming</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/939" style="">climate change</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2540" style="">desmogblog</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2560" style="">global warming blog</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/2654" style="">denial industry</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/3068" style="">climate change denier</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4046" style="">global warming research</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4047" style="">climate misinformation</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4229" style="">geoengineering</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/5721" style="">smogger</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6727" style="">David Schnare</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6728" style="">Sixth International Conference on Climate Change</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6729" style="">Thomas Jefferson Institute</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/6886" style="">climate change skeptic</a></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7705" style="">climate denialism</a></div><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.5em;"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/7706" style="">denial database</a></div></div></div>misrepresentation in mann case:  http://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/legacy/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-Kast-affidavit.pdfsent many emails about case during biz hrsfrom ati notes:Dr. Schnare’s honors include: Four Gold and four Bronze Medals from the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Vice President’s Hammer Award and multiple U.S. Department of Justice Certificates of Commendation. His academic achievements include Law Review at George Mason University School of Law; Inns of Court (GMUSL); Sigma Xi (Science Honorary); Delta Omega Service Award (Public Health Honorary); National Science Foundation Research Fellowship; LEGIS Fellowship; and the U.S. Public Health Fellowship. He is an Honorary Member of the Water Quality Association. Dr. Schnare earned his JD in 1999 from George Mason University School of Law. While attending law school (and working full-time at EPA) he was the Hogan (Environmental) Essay winner and served on the Law Review and the Inns of Court. He graduated Cum Laude.Testimony Before the United States House of RepresentativesCommittee on Science, Space, and TechnologyWashington, D.C.Thursday, March 26, 2015“EPA’s Compliance with the Federal Records Actand the Freedom of Information Act”Presented by David W. Schnare, Esq. Ph.D.[Short biography follows the testimony.]Good morning Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee. You have asked me toaddress EPA’s compliance with the Federal Records Act and the Freedom of Information Act.To place my testimony in context, let me introduce myself. Currently I serve as General Counselfor the Energy & Environment Legal Institute and am Director of the Free Market EnvironmentalLaw Clinic. Previously I served as a scientist, attorney and director of a economic, legislativeand policy branch, all within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). I retired fromEPA after 33 years of service. My experience as a responder to Federal and State Freedom ofInformation Acts (FOIA) extends back four decades and includes my service in the United StatesNavy and while at the University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill.In the year prior to my retirement from EPA (2011), I served as a member and majorauthor of a study on how EPA could improve the speed and quality of responses to FOIA andcivil enforcement discovery. I am pleased to report that EPA implemented most of therecommendations we made – recommendations that allow the Agency to speed FOIA responses,document review and redactions. The most important changes shift public records collection to a“back office” effort, freeing EPA staff from having to seek responsive records. Because a singleEPA office now collects the public records, at least those in electronic form, it improves theoverall quality of the process and evens out that quality across the agency.Having an improved electronic capability, however, does not solve the many problemsthis Committee is investigating. Before I discuss the continuing problems, let me identify therelevant requirements EPA is required to meet, in particular with respect to emails and textmessages.EPA’s Public Records Retention ResponsibilitiesThis Committee is well aware of the federal laws and regulations with which EPA mustcomply. Let me highlight the critical requirements on which EPA seems to fail too often.EPA manages its records management through regulations and Agency policies. The Agency’s Chief Information Officer issued Interim Records Management Policy, CIO 2155.2,which states that each office within EPA is required to establish and maintain a records managementprogram with a number of minimum requirements, including:“Manage records, in any format (e.g., paper, email, IMs, electronic documents, spreadsheets,presentations, images, maps, video, blogs, and other social media tools that generatecommunications), in accordance with applicable statutes, regulations, and EPA policy andguidance.”1EPA is required to not simply manage records, but to maintain them as well:“Maintain electronic records, (e.g., email, IMs, electronic documents, spreadsheets,presentations, images, video, blogs, and other social media tools that generatecommunications), in an approved electronic records management system."2EPA also provides specific direction relative to the protection and retention of public records onmobile devices, including text messages.3 The Agency policy is to require retention of “nontransitory”records – records defined as any record that does not meet the definition of a “transitory”record.4Citing to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) General RecordsSchedule No. 23 (GRS 23), and EPA Records Schedule 167, EPA defines “transitory” records as:“records of short-term (180 days or less) interest, which have minimal or no documentary orevidential value. An example of a transitory record is a record documenting routine activitiescontaining no substantive information, such as routine notifications of meetings, schedulingof work-related trips and visits, and other scheduling related activities. Transitory records canbe deleted immediately, or when no longer needed for reference, or according to apredetermined time period or business rule.5Note, however, that while many employees may delete calendar and scheduling relatedactivities under Item 5 (Schedules of Daily Activities), “high level officials” may do so only withspecific approval of a submission for destruction of such records made to NARA – otherwise theymust be retained for two years.6 Further, “transitory” records are, by NARA definition, “routine”and only routine requests, notices and activities.Preservation of Text MessagesParticularly at issue in this hearing are text messages. Anyone with a child older than 12 andyounger than 30 knows that text messages are the modern equivalent of a phone call. This is1 EPA Information Policy, "Interim Records Management Policy," CIO Approval Date June 28, 2013, available at:http://www.epa.gov/records/policy/2 l 55/CI0-2155 .2.pdf. 2 Id. 3 EPA website, "Frequent Questions about Mobile and Portable Devices, and Records," available at:http://www.epa.gov/records/faqs/pda.htm. 4 Id.5 Id.6 National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) General Records Schedule No. 23, available at:http://www.archives.gov/records-mgmt/grs/grs23.html. especially true for government officials. But, unlike telephone calls, they are public records subjectto preservation under federal law, unless they are transitory.EPA gives examples of what is and is not “transitory”:7“An example of a text message that qualifies as a transitory record (which can be deletedwhen it is no longer needed) might be:"I'm 5 minutes behind";while an example of a text message that qualifies as a non-transitory record (and whichwould be required to be forwarded into your EPA email account for longer term preservationunder a records schedule) might be:"I'm 5 minutes behind, go ahead and make the decision without me."In the first example, the record value of the message is only to those participants in themeeting who may be wondering where a colleague is, and thus there is no long term value ofthe message that requires its preservation beyond the start of the meeting. In the secondexample, the informational value of the message extends beyond the meeting's time-frame, todocument information about who participated in an agency decision or action.EPA then exhorts the important point that employees, including the Administrator of EPA herself,have repeatedly ignored:As this example demonstrates, you need to pay careful attention to use of text messagingas it relates to Agency business to ensure proper management of non-transitory federalrecords.There should be no confusion on the duty to preserve text messages, also known as instantmessages. Each of the three CIO Records Management Policies issued under CIO 2155 (versions 1,2 and 3), the most recent of which is dated February 10, 2015, clearly explain that“users of text messaging, instant messaging or other transient messaging technologies onEPA information systems are responsible for ensuring that messages that result in thecreation of a substantive (or non-transitory) federal records are saved for FRA purposesand placed in a recordkeeping system. For example, if a text message on an EPA mobiledevice is received or sent that qualifies as a substantive (or non-transitory) federal record,it must be saved into an approved recordkeeping system.8In a letter to this Committee, EPA admits of this duty:7 EPA, “Frequent Questions about Mobile and Portable Devices, and Records,” available at:http://www.epa.gov/records/faqs/pda.htm. 8 EPA, Records Management Policy CIO 2155.3, 2/10/2015, available at:http://www.epa.gov/records/policy/2155/rm_policy_cio_2155-3.pdf. “It is the responsibility of the employee to preserve any records from their device thatneeds to be saved as EPA records. This is in accordance with established EPA Policiesregarding retention of EPA records.”9Nor is the process of preserving these text message public records hidden, secret or hard tofind. Although not available to the public, EPA provides a two-page explanation entitled“Instructions on Saving Text-Messages” on its in-house “intranet.”10 And the Agency providesinstructions on how to save instant messages as well.11And, for those employees who don’t wish to read the full policy, EPA provides a chart,giving them still another means to understand their responsibilities:The following chart summarizes your obligations:What is the retention and where is it stored? Forward to EPA Email?Transitory – stored only on the device NoTransitory – stored on the device AND agencysystems NoNon-Transitory– stored only on the device Yes (then save with EZ Email Recordsfrom EPA email)Non-Transitory– stored on the device ANDagency systemsNo (but save with EZ Email Records fromEPA email)(emphasis in the original).12The problem at EPA is not about the technology, the public records policy or the law, it isabout the employees, the culture and the failure of senior managers, including political appointees, tofollow the law. The current culture is to keep secret that which should be available to the public.The Requirements of the Freedom of Information ActThis Committee is well aware of the reach of the Freedom of Information Act and the duty ofEPA employees to properly implement that act. Among these duties is both the need to “respond” in9 Letter from The Honorable Representative Lamar Smith, Chairman, United States House of RepresentativesCommittee on Science, Space, and Technology to the Honorable Arthur A. Elkins, Jr., EPA Inspector General (Nov.10, 2014).10 Id, linking to: http://intranet.epa.gov/mobiledevices/pdf/Instructions-Saving-Text-Messages.pdf. 11 Id, linking to: http://intranet.epa.gov/ecms/guides/im.htm. 12 Op cite, note 7 supra. a timely fashion and as well the duty to “produce records promptly.”13As well, EPA must conduct a proper search to find responsive records. The Department ofJustice has addressed this duty:14As a general rule, courts require agencies to undertake a search that is "reasonablycalculated to uncover all relevant documents."15 The Court of Appeals for the District ofColumbia has held that "'the adequacy of a FOIA search is generally determined not bythe fruits of the search, but by the appropriateness of the methods used to carry out thesearch.'"16* * Courts have disfavored searches that are based on unreasonable interpretations of thescope of the request,17or which exclude files where records might have been located.18 Inaddition, the reasonableness of an agency's search can depend on whether the agencyproperly determined where responsive records were likely to be found, and searchedthose locations, or whether the agency improperly limited its search to certain recordsystems.19 * *An agency generally "is not obligated to look beyond the four corners of the request forleads to the location of responsive documents," but courts have found that an agency does"need to pursue a lead it cannot in good faith ignore, i.e., a lead that is both clear andcertain."2013 See, 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(C)(i); and see CREW v. FEC, 711 F.3d 180, 189 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (holding that, afterprocessing FOIA request and making determination, agency may still need some additional time to physicallyredact, duplicate or assemble for production documents located, however, "agency must do so and then producerecords 'promptly'"); S. Yuba River Citizens League v. Nat'l Marine Fisheries Serv., No. 06-2845, 2008 WL2523819, at *15 (E.D. Cal. June 20, 2008) (supporting practice of releasing documents "on a rolling basis" ifnecessary, as this respects statute's "prompt release" requirement).14 Department of Justice, “Department of Justice Guide to the Freedom of Information Act”, available at:http://www.justice.gov/oip/doj-guide-freedom-information-act-0, Chapter: “Procedural Requirements” available athttp://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/oip/legacy/2014/07/23/procedural-requirements.pdf#p39. 15 See Weisberg v. DOJ, 705 F.2d 1344, 1351 (D.C. Cir. 1983); Campbell v. SSA, 446 F. App'x 477, 480 (3d Cir.June 3, 2011) (same) (citing Weisberg, 705 F.2d at 1351);16 Jennings v. DOJ, 230 F. App'x 1, 1 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (quoting Iturralde v. Comptroller of Currency, 315 F.3d 311,315 (D.C. Cir. 2003)); Delorme v. EOUSA, No. 12-0535, 2012 WL 5839513, at *1 (D.D.C. Nov. 16, 2012). 17 Truitt v. Dep't of State, 897 F.2d 540, 544-46 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (stating that when request was "reasonably clear asto the materials desired," agency failed to conduct adequate search as it did not include file likely to containresponsive records); Nat'l Sec. Counselors v. CIA, 549 F. Supp. 2d 6, 12-13 (D.D.C. 2012) (agreeing that agencymight have unreasonably limited scope of request because search results indicated that agency was aware thatplaintiff sought records related to particular subject);18 Canning v. DOJ, 919 F. Supp. 451, 460-61 (D.D.C. 1994) (indicating that when agency was aware that subject ofrequest used two names, it should have conducted search under both names). 19 Davis v. DOJ, 460 F.3d 92, 105 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (remanding case "to provide the agency an opportunity toevaluate [search] alternatives" including nonagency internet search tools). 20 0 See, e.g., Kowalczyk, 73 F.3d at 389; Int'l Counsel Bureau v. DOD, 864 F. Supp. 2d 101, 108 (D.D.C. 2012)(finding search inadequate because agency did not provide "a satisfactory response to [plaintiff's] contention that itshould have searched for records using an alternate spelling of [a detainee's] name that [plaintiff] discovered fromthe Department's own records"). With regard to emails, text messages and instant messaging, EPA senior officials have failedin these two duties – not because they lack the ability to comply with the law, but because they lackthe willingness to do so. This unwillingness has trickled down to junior staff.
The EPA Culture of SecrecyEPA has prided itself on being an innovative agency, a leader in many areas of executivedepartment bureaucracy. For example, as an experienced EPA analyst, I was asked to teach costbenefitanalysis to the Corps of Engineers, to lecture the Ukrainian government on free-marketeconomics and to teach compliance with the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Actthroughout the federal executive. I am but one example of how EPA staff have been far ahead ofmany other federal agencies. This includes FOIA implementation. The Agency’s technologicalapproach to FOIA may be the most sophisticated inside the “Beltway.”Further, enterprising staff have dedicated time to employing new technologies, including theemergence of emails, the use of text and instant messaging and exploitation of social media. EPAencourages use of new technology and these efforts show up on the internet. For example, EPAprepared an 83 page PowerPoint presentation on how to use electronic tools to collaborate with“external partners.”21 This presentation encourages use of instant messaging, other "real-time"correspondence tools, and even encourages using AOL and Yahoo and asking 3rd parties to setup chat rooms.22But, this presentation also documents the culture of disregard for agency duties underpublic records and FOIA requirements. It characterizes FOIA and NARA rules as “FederalLaws that Constrain Federal Administration of Public-Facing Web Collaboration Tools.” Thenext section of the presentation describes “Creative Solutions to Dealing with FederalConstraints” and openly suggests way to circumvent public records acts. Specifically, EPAencourages its employees to help outside parties to sponsor the web-based collaboration tools,noting that “As long as we are only participants, not administrators of a web collaboration site,the site is not limited by those same [FOIA and Public Records Act] constraints.”Efforts to avoid the duty to comply with FOIA and records retention requirements startsat the top of the Agency. Perhaps the most troublesome is where staff working directly in theOffice of the Administrator simply refuse to comply with FOIA. EPA failed to respond to arequest for emails from and to Administrator Jackson when it disregarded all emails send by andto “Richard Windsor,” a pseudonym the Administrator used in place of her “public” personaemail address. It is not as though EPA was unaware of the law. EPA staff are routinely trainedon how to conduct FOIA searches and since 1994, the law on looking for pseudonyms was wellestablished. See, Canning v. DOJ, 919 F. Supp. 451, 460-61 (D.D.C. 1994) (indicating thatwhen agency was aware that subject of request used two names, it should have conductedsearch under both names) (emphasis added).21 See, EPA, “Web Collaboration Tools” available at:http://semanticommunity.info/@api/deki/files/993/Web_Collaboration_Tools_WWG_Oct_06.ppt. 22 Notably, the presentation fails to indicate that reference to these commercial applications does not constitute EPAendorsement of them, as required under Federal law. This is but one more example of the willingness of the Agencyto simple ignore their legal duties. The EPA Office of Executive Secretariat employee23 whose duty is to respond to FOIArequests made of the Administrator knew Ms. Jackson used the Richard Windsor address butnever informed the FOIA “back office” that assembles the responsive emails for his privilegereview. Once caught out, this employee exacerbated his misanthropic behavior, informing therequestor that he would only process 100 emails a month and the Agency would not be doneuntil the next century. To put this “100 a month” number into perspective, let me share with you my experienceon FOIA document reviews. With a colleague in the Department of Justice, I managed a civilenforcement discovery request that sought records dating from 1970 and found in every EPARegional office as well as four headquarters offices; and in several Federal Records Centers. Weemployed over 50 attorneys to conduct privilege review and to redact records as necessary. Thiswork is identical to review of responsive records for exceptions under FOIA – exemptions thatallow the Agency to withhold the public records. We reviewed over 7 million pages of records,producing 2.2 million. On the basis of that experience, and four decades of having to respond toboth State and Federal FOIA requests, I suggest that it takes approximately one hour to review100 emails and even less time to review 100 text messages. In fact, with the new technologiesEPA has installed in the past two years, it should take even less time. EPA’s refusal to produce the Richard Windsor emails is a blatant violation of the FOIAduty to produce records promptly. However, that employee has not been reprimanded and basedon EPA’s official response to the request, has not been instructed to accelerate his production. Thus, it should come as no shock that the current Administrator, Ms. McCarthy, andthose who support her FOIA responsibilities in the Office of the Administrator and in the Officeof Environmental Information’s Office of Information Collection have blatantly violated theFederal Records Act.EPA acknowledged before the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia that it hasdestroyed all copies of text message correspondence sent to or from current Administrator GinaMcCarthy’s EPA-assigned account when Ms. McCarthy was Assistant Administrator for Air andRadiation. EPA explained that this was because all 5,932 text messages on Ms. McCarthy’s EPAphone identified in response to that request were “personal.” But, they weren’t. The FOIArequester was able to obtain EPA telephony metadata records for seven months, in response to adifferent FOIA request. These showed Ms. McCarthy corresponding, by her EPA-provided textmessage account, with eleven EPA co-workers’ EPA-provided accounts, including those of Ms.McCarthy’s senior policy aides. When this misbehavior surfaced, Ms. McCarthy, when asked by Agency employees toexplain her response to a FOIA request for her text messages, created additional public records23 that explain her texting practices. EPA now refuses to release all of those public records,including the steps taken to retrieve her text messages. EPA is withholding hundreds of emailsresponsive to this request in full, and hundreds of others in part, according to redacted emails andan index it has provided plaintiff. This list of emails withheld in full also withholds the identitiesof all parties to each email except the sender.There is a reason EPA employees are emboldened to flout FOIA and public recordspreservation duties. There is no penalty if they do and senior management is pleased when theydo. Destroying public records allows senior management to keep secret its contacts outside theagency. They are more free to collude with political advocates, including those who aresupposed to be bound by non-profit restrictions disallowing direct lobbying.Nor, of course, is EPA an Administration outlier. There is no need to list other agenciesand other Presidential appointees who simply ignore public records act requirements.ConclusionEPA’s culture of failing to meet its duty under the Freedom of Information Act and theFederal Records Act must change, but Congressional oversight, alone, is insufficient. Althoughthere are sanctions for disobeying the law, those sanctions are too cumbersome and have neverbeen used. Courts have refused to sanction Agencies unless there is clear evidence of an intentto violate the law, a very high evidentiary hurdle, especially in cases where the court does notallow or disfavors civil discovery and deposition of agency employees. Even where suchdiscovery is available, the cost is prohibitive and prevents most information requesters fromusing all available legal tools.Thomas Jefferson instructs us that “Whenever people are well-informed they can betrusted with their own government;” and, “when a man assumes a public trust, he shouldconsider himself as public property.” That is the essence of FOIA and the purpose of the FRA.Until EPA hews to this standard, it fails the nation and deserves sanctions sufficient to bring itback within the confines of the law and public trust.
Short Narrative BiographyOfDavid W. Schnare, Esq. Ph.D.Dr. Schnare is Director of the Free-Market Environmental Law Clinic, Director of theCenter for Environmental Stewardship at the Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy andGeneral Counsel for the Energy & Environment Legal Institute. He has retired from 33 years inpublic service as a senior attorney and scientist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’sOffice of Enforcement. He has served on the staff of the Senate Appropriates Committee, as thenation’s Senior Regulatory Economist with the U.S. Office of Advocacy for Small Business andas a trial attorney with the U.S. Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia AttorneyGeneral. A Member of Sigma Xi, the scientific research society of North America, he publishedhis first peer-reviewed scientific contribution in 1970 and has edited or published chapters in tenbooks addressing scientific issues and 36 peer-reviewed research contributions, all while in fulltimegovernment service. He has published over a dozen peer-reviewed policy reports for nonprofitorganizations. He is lead counsel on several cases involving both state and federalfreedom of information acts and Constitutional questions. [on form: "I am representing only myself"http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/HHRG-114-SY21-WState-DSchnare-20150326.pdf=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sigma_Xi_members<a href="https://www.sigmaxi.org/">https://www.sigmaxi.org/</a>
<div style=""><h2>David W. Schnare</h2></div><div style="">Current Chapter: University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill</div><div style="">Electing Chapter: University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill</div>- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/members/member-directory?ln=Schnare&disc=0&match=False#sthash.WDa0NgDN.dpuf<div style=""><h2>Dr. Frederick D. Singer</h2></div><div style="">Current Chapter: Radford University</div><div style="">Electing Chapter: Membership At Large</div>- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/members/member-directory?ln=Singer&disc=0&match=True#sthash.Avcx0mYX.dpuf
<div style=""><h2>Sallie L. Baliunas</h2></div><div style="">Current Chapter: Harvard</div><div style="">Electing Chapter: Harvard</div>- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/members/member-directory?ln=Baliunas&disc=0&match=True#sthash.Rs2jyLQl.dpuf
<div style=""><h2>Mr. Richard S. Lindzen</h2></div><div style="">Current Chapter: Massachusetts Institute of Technology</div><div style="">Electing Chapter: Harvard</div>- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/members/member-directory?ln=Lindzen&disc=0&match=True#sthash.JQJH1sA4.dpuf<h2 style="">Committee on Qualifications and Membership</h2>The Committee on Qualifications and Membership has the responsibility for: (a) ensuring the vitality of chapters that have the potential to be vital units of the Society; (b) determining the suitability of any petitioning group to be granted chapter status and making the appropriate recommendations to the Board of Directors; (c) studying and making recommendations to the Board of Directors in cases of chapters failing to remain in good standing; (d) monitoring and encouraging the health and performance of chapters; (e) making recommendations to the Board of Directors on matters of policy concerning membership in the Society; (f) serving through a subcommittee appointed by the Chair as the Committee on Admissions for the membership-at-large, or on behalf and at the request of chapters; and (g) render judgment in cases involving eligibility for membership referred to it by a chapter or the Board of Directors.Membership: Chair elected by the Board of Directors for a term of three years, together with eight other members appointed for three-year terms.2014-2015 Committee on Qualifications and Membership

Chair: Cristina C. Gouin-Paul
Staff Contact: Vacant

Harjit Ahluwalia
George Atkinson 
Anant Deshpande
Nicole Gerlanc 
Antoneicka Harris 
Emma Perry
Joshua Sturmfels<a href="https://www.sigmaxi.org/about/leadership/descriptions/committee-on-qualifications-and-membership-reports" style="cursor: pointer; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Committee on Qualifications and Membership Reports</a>Cristina Gouin-Paul, CQM Chair

Emma Creaser, Nicole Gerlanc, Linda Meadows, CQM

Jerry Bake...- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/about/leadership/descriptions#sthash.57NBGtnm.dpuf<h2 style="">Committee on Awards</h2><a name="awards" style="cursor: pointer; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">- See more at: https://www.sigmaxi.org/about/leadership/descriptions#sthash.uR2o4iPR.dpuf</a>==
at epa in 1990? flouride?

</div>

facing sodroz et al anti wind<a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/12/climate-science-deniers-join-forces-against-nc-renewable-energy-program.html">http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/12/climate-science-deniers-join-forces-against-nc-renewable-energy-program.html</a><div id="imageregion" class="field field-type-filefield field-field-image new-imageregion" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 4px 10px 10px 4px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; min-width: 200px; height: auto; width: 531px; position: static; top: auto; right: auto; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%; line-height: 19.5px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="imagecompanion" style="margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 517px; position: relative; box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="imagecaption" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; box-sizing: border-box; width: auto; background: rgb(246, 246, 246);">John Droz, David Schnare and Daren Bakst (from left to right) speak at an anti-wind energy forum in North Carolina in December 2011. (Photo by Sue Sturgis.)</div></div><h1 class="title" itemprop="name" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px 0px 10px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1; letter-spacing: -0.05em; position: relative; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Climate-science deniers join forces against NC renewable-energy program</h1><div id="node-4746" class="node node-type-article node-promoted clearfix" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 19.5px;"><div class="content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><article class="article-content">Climate-science deniers with ties to the fossil-fuel industry have joined forces in an assault on North Carolina's renewable energy program and particularly wind power, which has been<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States#National_trends" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium;">making big gains</a> in the U.S. in recent years.Representatives of the American Legislative Exchange Council, <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/organization/right/american-tradition-institute" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium;">American Tradition Institute</a>and the John Locke Foundation held forums this week in the N.C. coastal communities of Wilmington and Morehead City titled <a href="http://www.johnlocke.org/events/event.html?id=951" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"The Truth About Wind Power on the Coasts of North Carolina."</a> Facing South attended the Wilmington presentation, which was heavy on emotion and shaky on the facts."The picking and choosing of information and the way it was presented was misleading and troublesome," said N.C. Sierra Club communications chief Dustin Chicurel-Bayard, who also attended the Wilmington event. The Sierra Club has taken a nuanced position on wind power in North Carolina; it has generally supported the industry's development but joined other environmental groups in <a href="http://www.newsobserver.com/2011/12/03/1686603/environmental-groups-fight-wind.html" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium;">fighting one commercial wind farm</a> proposed for the northeastern corner of the state over concerns about wildlife impacts.The speakers at this week's forums included Daren Bakst (right in photo), director of legal and regulatory studies for the John Locke Foundation, a free-market think tank that has been the <a href="http://www.johnlocke.org/research/topic/4/energy-environment" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">leading voice of climate-science denial</a> in North Carolina public-policy circles. JLF <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2010/10/blessed-to-have-a-pope.html" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">gets most of its funding</a> from the family foundation of <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/person/art-pope" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium;">Art Pope </a>-- a discount-retail mogul, conservative benefactor and <a href="http://americansforprosperity.org/about/directors/" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">one of four national directors</a> of Americans for Prosperity, a tea party group founded and funded by the billionaire Koch brothers who own and operate the Koch Industries oil conglomerate.Bakst also chairs the energy and natural resources subcommittee of the American Legislative Exchange Council, an <a href="http://alecexposed.org/wiki/What_is_ALEC%3F" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">unusually powerful corporate interest group</a> that works to discredit state-level efforts to cut global-warming pollution. ALEC has received over $1.4 million from ExxonMobil since 1998 as well as extensive funding from Koch Industries and the Koch family foundations, according to a <a href="http://www.prwatch.org/news/2011/07/10887/cmd-special-report-alecs-funding-and-spending" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PR Watch investigation</a>. Additionally, Bakst chairs the energy and natural resources subcommittee of the Federalist Society, a conservative legal organization that's dismissed the scientific consensus around global warming as "nothing more than an educated guess" while <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=33" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">receiving over $165,000</a> from ExxonMobil since 1998.Another presenter was <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/person/right/david-schnare" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium;">David Schnare </a>(middle in photo), a former government lawyer and scientist who directs the environmental law center at the American Tradition Institute, a conservative think tank that's part of a family of advocacy groups founded and funded by energy interests active in Western politics and that has been actively <a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/american-tradition-institute-v-state-of-colorado-constitutionality-of-renewable-energy-standards/" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">working to kill</a> state renewable energy programs. ATI is currently <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/10/special-investigation-whos-behind-the-information-attacks-on-climate-scientists.html" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">involved in a controversial Freedom of Information Act lawsuit</a> against the University of Virginia that aims to obtain the emails of Michael Mann, a former professor at the school who's a leading scholar of climate change.<a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/person/right/paul-chesser" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; outline-style: none; outline-width: medium; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Paul Chesser</a>, ATI's former executive director and now its director of communications and research, previously worked for the John Locke Foundation and led its climate-science denial efforts....</article></div></div>

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<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-schnare-affadavit.pdf">http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-schnare-affadavit.pdf</a>confl of interest, never worked for epa? pdf saved 2011ucs----

desmog?

<h1 style="">David W. Schnare</h1>

<h2 style=""> Credentials</h2>

<li>J.D., George Mason University School of Law (1999).</li>

<li>PhD, Environmental Management, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (1979).</li>

<li>M.Sc., Public Health-Environmental Science, University of North Carolina School of Public Health.</li>

<li>Bachelor’s Degree (chemistry and math major), Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa.</li>

</ul>

Source: <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s1">[1]</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s2">[2]</a>

<h2 style=""> Background</h2>

David Schnare is the <a target="_blank" href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php">"Director of the Center for Environmental Stewardship"</a> at the Thomas Jefferson Institute.

The Thomas Jefferson Institute lists Schnare as an attorney and scientist  who "managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental and policy issues."

Schnare was past Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition, and Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee. He is CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc.[hard to find info on?]

Schare has called for "geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects of global warming, at least for a few decades…" <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s3">[3]</a>

<h2 style="">Stance on Climate Change</h2>

"When it comes to global warming, I'm a skeptic because the conclusions about the cause of the apparent warming stand on the shoulders of incredibly uncertain data and models…" <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s4">[4]</a>

Schnare has said that it is too late to curb global warming because "The world has already exceeded the greenhouse gas emissions 'tipping point' beyond which catastrophic warming cannot be stopped." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s5">[5]</a>

He believes that the IPCC's science "could be wrong. But it could also be right. And, what if the IPCC predictions are true? Then, as the first truth states, it's too late, and the climate scientific community has admitted as much." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s6">[6]</a>

<h2 style="">Key Quotes</h2>

"As Ken Caldeira, a professor of climate science at Stanford University, explains, reducing greenhouse gases will cost around 2 percent of the gross domestic product while geo-engineering (by putting reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere) will cost about one-thousandth of that." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s7">[7]</a>

</blockquote>

"These propagandists [Stephen Schneider and other scientists involved in 'Climategate'] are not to be confused with the majority of scientists who have no political agenda and who simply want to be scientists. These are often the scientists who are under attack and should not be. Among them are Richard Lindzen, MIT, Roger Pielke, Sr., University of Colorado – Boulder, and John Christy, UAH. These people refuse to go beyond where observation takes them. They are under attack because they refuse to participate in the propaganda campaigns." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s8">[8]</a>

</blockquote>

"The Virginia plan to reduce greenhouse gases by a mere 30 percent by 2020 is too little, too late and so is the even more aggressive IPCC proposal to reduce them by 80 percent." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s5">[5]</a>

</blockquote>

"Those of us familiar with the coal-fired power plant industry have long recognised that CCS may be slightly more than a pipe-dream, but will never be affordable or practicable for the vast majority of coal-fired plants. Yet no one in the bureaucracy has had the courage to stand up and refute this politically correct but scientifically bankrupt concept." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s9">[9]</a>

</blockquote>

"Tea Parties are scathingly and properly scathingly opposed to the climate change proposals that have emerged over the past decade. They see the economic consequences of such action, and applying the principles of 'opportunity costs' and the need for honest science, including full transparency in the scientific discussion." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s10">[10]</a>

</blockquote>

"The energy windmills offer is not free, not clean, not reliable and not consistent. And it doesn’t create new jobs." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s11">[11]</a>

</blockquote>

<h2 style="">Key Deeds</h2>

June 30-July 1, 2011

Schnare was a <a target="_blank" href="http://climateconference.heartland.org/speakers-2/">speaker</a> at the Heartland Institute's Sixth International Conference on Climate Change. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s12">[12]</a>

Nov, 2008

Featured speaker <a target="_blank" href="http://www.yourenergyfuture.org/files/2010/Virginia_Dialogue.pdf">(PDF</a>) at the fall Climate Change Conference sponsored by the CoC National Chamber of Commerce and the Virginia Chamber. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s13">[13]</a>[J a m e s H i x o n ( K E Y N O T E S P E A K E R ) , E x e c u t i v e V i c e P r e s i d e n t , L a w a n d C o r p o r a t e R e l a -t i o n s , N o r f o l k S o u t h e r n a n d B o a r d M e m b e r , U S C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c eH u g h K e o g h , P r e s i d e n t & C E O , V i r g i n i a C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c eD r . K e v i n S w i f t , C h i e f E c o n o m i s t , A m e r i c a n C h e m i s t r y C o u n c i lM i c h e l l e F o s s , C h i e f E n e r g y E c o n o m i s t a n d H e a d , U n i v e r s i t y o f T e x a s ’ C e n t e r f o r E n e r g y E c o n o m i c sK y l e I s a k o w e r , D i r e c t o r o f P o l i c y A n a l y s i s , A m e r i c a n P e t r o l e u m I n s t i t u t eS t e v e M i l l e r , P r e s i d e n t & C E O , A m e r i c a n C e n t e r f o r C l e a n C o a l E l e c t r i c i t yA n g e l a H o w a r d , V i c e P r e s i d e n t , N u c l e a r E n e r g y I n s t i t u t eT h e H o n o r a b l e P r e s t o n B r y a n t , V i r g i n i a  S e c r e t a r y o f N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e sR o b e r t B l u e , V i c e P r e s i d e n t f o r S t a t e a n d F e d e r a l A f f a i r s , D o m i n i o n R e s o u r c e s , I n c .A n n a M o t s c h e n b a c h e r , S o l u t i o n s F e l l o w , P e w C e n t e r o n G l o b a l C l i m a t e C h a n g eD a v i d K r e u t z e r , P h . D . S e n i o r P o l i c y A n a l y s t i n E n e r g y E c o n o m i c s o n C l i m a t e C h a n g e , H e r i t a g e F o u n d a t i o nB i l l K o v a c s , V i c e P r e s i d e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t , T e c h n o l o g y , a n d R e g u l a t o r y A f f a i r s , U S C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c eG l e n K e d z i e , A s s i s t a n t G e n e r a l C o u n s e l & V i c e P r e s i d e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l A f f a i r s , A m e r i c a n T r u c k i n g A s s o c i a t i o nR o s s E i s e n b e r g , S e n i o r C o u n s e l & C o m m i t t e e E x e c u t i v e , U S C h a m b e r o f C o m m e r c eT h e H o n o r a b l e M i c h a e l S c h e w e l ,  F o r m e r  V i r g i n i a S e c r e t a r y o f C o m m e r c e  a n d T r a d eR o g e r F l a n a g a n , D i r e c t o r o f E n e r g y S o l u t i o n s , L o c k h e e d M a r t i nK e n W e i s s , E R MD a v i d S c h n a r e , D i r e c t o r   o f  E n v i r o n m e n t a l S t e w a r d s h i p , T h o m a s J e f f e r s o n I n s t i t u te]

This conference “brought scores of business leaders together to discuss the climate change/environmental issues facing our nation and our state.”

Schnare advocated geo-engineering in his presentation where he explained that through "artificially seeding the atmosphere with non-polluting reflective particles (that slowly descend to the surface of the earth) we can keep the earth’s atmosphere cool as we work to find economically feasible alternatives to carbon-based fuels." He concludes that "this is a more acceptable concept than severely restricting our economic growth through drastic government regulation." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s14">[14]</a>

April, 2008

Spoke at the Heartland Institute's 2008 International Conference on Climate Change where he introduced his paper (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/Schnare_speech_2.pdf">.pdf</a>), titled "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative,” which was published by the Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s3">[3]</a>

Although the paper does imply that global warming may be due in part to increases in Greenhouse Gases caused by humans, he believes that it is too late to try to reduce our emissions.

The abstract states that our situation "calls for geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects, at least for a few decades; an immediate reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) where those reductions actually save money (the “no regrets” alternatives); significantly expanded use of and research on low-cost carbon sequestration that removes GHGs from the atmosphere or reduces carbon emissions; and some breathing space within which to further assess some of the global warming theories that, if disproven, would point humanity toward lesser or greater reliance on alternative climate change responses."

Schnare continues, stating that "A perusal of [the Geophysical Research Letters journal], however, finds well documented, peer- reviewed papers indicating there appears to be some merit to arguments that warming over the past 40 years reflects a normal, if chaotic cycle that may overlay anthropogenic (human caused) warming, but alone explains the majority of observed warming."

For support, Schanre quotes skeptical scientists such as <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/petr-chylek">Petr Chylek</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/dennis-avery">Dennis Avery</a>, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/s-fred-singer">Fred Singer</a> and<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/alan-carlin"> Alan Carlin</a>. The suggested geo-engineering projects are<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/lomborgs-robot-navy"> reminiscent of those recommended</a> by <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/bjorn-lomborg">Bjorn Lomborg</a> including ocean-based cloud creation, ocean fertilization, and ocean carbon sequesterization.

Schnare also describes "High Cost Actions" that would be too expensive to implement to reduce carbon emissoins including:

<li>All forms of direct solar power (photovoltaic and CSP)</li>

<li>Residential and commercial HVAC high efficiency equipment (a LEED element)</li>

<li>Carbon Capture at coal-fired power plants and carbon-intensive industrial processes</li>

<li>Re-forestation of crop land</li>

<li>Medium and high penetration onshore wind power</li>

<li>Biomass power generation</li>

<li>Shifting from coal to gas electricity generation</li>

<li>Hybrid automobiles</li>

</ul>

September 26, 2007

Testified before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, referencing his report titled "<a target="_blank" href="http://www.heartland.org/environmentandclimate-news.org/article/22156/Responses_to_Climate_Change_and_their_Implications_on_Preservation_and_Restoration_of_the_Chesapeake_Bay.html">Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay"</a> where he argues that we need to apply geo-engineering to prevent global warming, and that "any investments in reducing greenhouse gases…would be the greatest threat to the [Chesapeake] Bay." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s7">[7]</a>

<h2 style=""> Affiliations</h2>

<li><a target="blank" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a> — <a target="blank" href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php">Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment</a>. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s1">[1]</a></li>

</ul>

<li><a target="blank" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heartland_Institute">The Heartland Institute </a>— "<a target="blank" href="http://heartland.org/david-schnare">Expert</a>." <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare#s15">[15]</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style=""> Publications</h2>

<a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.ca/scholar?as_q=Climate&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=David+Schnare&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_sdt=1.&as_sdtp=on&as_sdtf=&as_sdts=5&hl=en">A Google Scholar search</a> returns one article written by David Schnare on the subject of climate, titled "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground," published by the Thomas Jefferson Institute. He has not published any articles on climate in peer-reviewed journals.

<h2 style=""> Resources</h2>

<li>

<a id="s1" name="s1"> </a>"<a target="_blank" href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php">Staff and Scholars</a>," Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. Accessed February, 2012.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s2" name="s2"> </a>"<a target="_blank" href="http://www.atinstitute.org/about/staff-board-of-directors/">Staff & Board of Directors</a>," American Tradition Institute. Accessed February, 2012.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s3" name="s3"> </a>David W. Schnare. "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative" (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/Schnare_speech_2.pdf">PDF</a>), The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s4" name="s4"> </a>"<a target="_blank" href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.SenateReport">U.S. Senate Report: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Disputed Man-Made Global Warming Claims in 2007</a>," U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, December 20, 2007.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s5" name="s5"> </a>David Schnare. "Emergency Preparedness for Climate Change" (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/Shnare_FreeLanceStar_ClimateChange.doc">.doc</a>) The Jefferson Journal, March 16, 2008.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s6" name="s6"> </a>David Schnare. "Four Truths about Climate Change," The Jefferson Journal (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/pdf/articles/Schnare_FourTruths.doc">.doc</a>), November 3, 2008.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s7" name="s7"> </a>"Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay" (<a target="_blank" href="http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=03243e1e-cf11-4bfb-b11b-3baed7cdc751">PDF</a>), David Schnare's testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, September 26, 2007.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s8" name="s8"> </a>David Schnare. "<a target="_blank" href="http://www.masterresource.org/2010/03/what-real-scientists-do-global-warming-science-vs-global-whining-scientists/">What Real Scientists Do: Global Warming Science vs. Global Whining Scientists</a>," MasterResource, March 16, 2010.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s9" name="s9"> </a>David Schnare. "<a target="_blank" href="http://utahclimate.org/articles/news/climate-science-policy-needs-a-%E2%80%9Cteam-b">Climate Science Policy Needs a 'Team B'</a>,” MasterResource. May 18, 2010.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s10" name="s10"> </a>David Schnare. "<a target="_blank" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110520122050/http://baconsrebellion.com/2010/05/12/a-tea-party-environmental-platform/">A Tea Party Environmental Platform</a>," Bacon's Rebellion, May 12, 2010. Archived May 20, 2011.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s11" name="s11"> </a>David Schnare. "<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jeffersonpolicyjournal.com/?p=1351">Death by Wind</a>," Jefferson Policy Journal, February 17, 2011.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s12" name="s12"> </a>"<a target="_blank" href="http://climateconference.heartland.org/speakers-2/">Speakers</a>," International Conference on Climate Change (climateconference.heartland.org). Accessed February, 2012.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s13" name="s13"> </a>"Virginia Climate Change & Energy Business Summit" (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.yourenergyfuture.org/files/2010/Virginia_Dialogue.pdf">PDF</a>), Yourenergyfuture.org.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s14" name="s14"> </a>"Annual Report 2008" (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/files/3/Annual_Report_2008.pdf">PDF</a>), Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy.

</li>

<li>

<a id="s15" name="s15"> </a>"<a target="_blank" href="http://heartland.org/david-schnare">Heartland Experts: David Schnare</a>," The Heartland Institute. Accessed February, 2012.

</li>

</ol>

sidebar:David W. Schnare is a Virginia attorney who works on behalf of the contrarian <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute">American Tradition Institute</a> (ATI). A<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Climate_inactivist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate inactivist (page does not exist)">climate inactivist</a>, he has affiliations with ATI and with the<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a>; and as attorneys for ATI, he and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chris_Horner" title="Chris Horner">Chris Horner</a> (who also wears two ATI hats) are involved in the ATI legal action seeking to let him and Horner review thousands of climatologist <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann">Michael Mann</a>'s University of Virginia emails, including emails deemed exempt from FOIA.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-iss-0" title="">[1]</a> ---<table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents" style=""><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2>[<a class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</div><ul><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#Employment.2FFunding">1 Employment/Funding</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#Background">2 Background</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#Climate_contrarianism">3 Climate contrarianism</a><ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#Asserted_climate_and_climate_policy_expertise">3.1 Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#Affiliations">4 Affiliations</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#Controversies">5 Controversies</a><ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#ATI_suit_to_review_Michael_Mann.27s_emails">5.1 ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#Articles_and_resources">6 Articles and resources</a><ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#References">6.1 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#Related_SourceWatch_articles">6.2 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#External_resources">6.3 External resources</a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#External_articles">6.4 External articles</a></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="">Employment/Funding</h2>Schnare reported in December 2011, see UCS affidavit<dl style=""><dd>"Until my retirement from Federal service, I worked pro bono. I have not, to date, been compensated for my work on any ATI law case. I am receiving partial funding for my work with an Environmental Law Clinic that is undertaking legal research for the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute" class="mw-redirect">Thomas Jefferson Institute</a>, a 501(c)(3) non-profit."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-email2011-12-13-1" title="">[2]</a></dd></dl>He reports no work relationship with sister 501(c)(4) the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Tradition_Partnership" title="American Tradition Partnership" class="mw-redirect">American Tradition Partnership</a>.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-email2011-12-13-1" title="">[2]</a><a name="Background" id="Background"> </a><h2 style="">Background</h2>Schnare's ATI bio reports<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-2" title="">[3]</a> he has:<dl style=""><dd>"a PhD in Environmental Management from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, a Master of Science in Public Health-Environmental Science from the University of North Carolina’s School of Public Health, and a Baccalaureate Degree from Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa, where he majored in chemistry and mathematics."</dd></dl><dl style=""><dd>"Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. ... In addition to his [former] position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare ...has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-3" title="">[4]</a></dd></dl><a name="Climate_contrarianism" id="Climate_contrarianism"> </a><h2 style="">Climate contrarianism</h2>In December 2011, Schnare explained his views, saying he doesn't deny anthropogenic global warming:<dl style=""><dd>"I believe the climate is changing and that there is a human signal in that change. I simply don't find sufficient evidence that the human contribution constitutes a matter of such significance to require large economic impacts on our current energy mix, much less the secondary harm to human health and the environment that alarmist policies have already cases and will exacerbate in the future."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-email2011-12-14-4" title="">[5]</a></dd></dl>In the past, Schnare has said that the science isn't clear (2007 Senate testimony)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-desmogblog-5" title="">[6]</a>, and that if the science is clear, then it's too late to cut carbon emissions,(March 16, 2008)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-desmogblog-5" title="">[6]</a>, it's too expensive to cut carbon emissions(May 12, 2010)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-desmogblog-5" title="">[6]</a>, and we should go straight to geoengineering.(March 16, 2008)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-desmogblog-5" title="">[6]</a>
<h3 style="">Asserted climate and climate policy expertise</h3>Dr. Schnare identifies his expertise as follows:<dl style=""><dd>"Any competent scientist with qualifications in statistical analysis and understanding the scientific method is capable of assessing climate science if they take the time, and are given the opportunity to examine the data and methods used by a "climate scientist". My courses of study leading to a PhD in Environmental Science and an MSPH provided me both."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-email2011-12-14-4" title="">[5]</a></dd></dl><a name="Affiliations" id="Affiliations"> </a><h2 style="">Affiliations</h2><ul style=""><li>CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc., "a professional corporation providing legal representation, legal and policy analysis"<a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/about/staff-board-of-directors/" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.atinstitute.org/about/staff-board-of-directors/" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></li><li>Schnare is listed among the "<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heartland_Institute/Global_warming_experts" title="Heartland Institute/Global warming experts">Heartland Institute/Global warming experts</a>".</li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_of_Public_Policy" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy" class="mw-redirect">Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy</a>, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-exxonsecrets-6" title="">[7]</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute">American Tradition Institute</a></li></ul><a name="Controversies" id="Controversies"> </a><h2 style="">Controversies</h2><h3 style="">ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails</h3>In 2011 Schnare and fellow<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute">American Tradition Institute</a>attorney <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chris_Horner" title="Chris Horner">Chris Horner</a> sued the University of Virginia for access to thousands of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann">Michael Mann</a>'s emails, including his correspondence with 39 other climate scientists.But the University of Virginia's court filings<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-support-memorandum.pdf" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-support-memorandum.pdf" rel="nofollow">[2]</a><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-Kast-affidavit.pdf" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-Kast-affidavit.pdf" rel="nofollow">[3]</a> argued that ATI publicity and actions of ATI principals Schnare and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Christopher_Horner" title="Christopher Horner" class="mw-redirect">Christopher Horner</a> - both of whom were acting as both attorney and petitioner -had raised serious questions about whether in their role as attorneys for ATI they could be trusted to abide by the previous ruling's requirement to keep the content of the exempt emails private.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_note-7" title="">[8]</a><a name="Articles_and_resources" id="Articles_and_resources"> </a><h2 style="">Articles and resources</h2><a name="References" id="References"> </a><h3 style="">References</h3><div class="references-small" style=""><ol class="references"><li id="cite_note-iss-0"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-iss_0-0" title="">↑</a> Sue Sturgis (2011-10-31).<a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/10/special-investigation-whos-behind-the-information-attacks-on-climate-scientists.html" class="external text" title="http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/10/special-investigation-whos-behind-the-information-attacks-on-climate-scientists.html" rel="nofollow">SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: Who's behind the 'information attacks' on climate scientists? -</a>. The Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved on 2011-11-01.</li><li id="cite_note-email2011-12-13-1">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-email2011-12-13_1-0" title="">2.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-email2011-12-13_1-1" title="">2.1</a> "I do not work with or for the Partnership." Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-13; Can't check since ATP/WTP's IRS returns, if any, are not available on Guidestar as of 2011-12-14.</li><li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-2" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/about/staff-board-of-directors/" class="external text" title="http://www.atinstitute.org/about/staff-board-of-directors/" rel="nofollow">Staff & Board of Directors</a>. American Tradition Institute. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</li><li id="cite_note-3"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-3" title="">↑</a> David W. Schnare. <a href="http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html" class="external text" title="http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html" rel="nofollow">About Me</a>. TheHardLook blog. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</li><li id="cite_note-email2011-12-14-4">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-email2011-12-14_4-0" title="">5.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-email2011-12-14_4-1" title="">5.1</a> Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-14</li><li id="cite_note-desmogblog-5">↑ <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-desmogblog_5-0" title="">6.0</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-desmogblog_5-1" title="">6.1</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-desmogblog_5-2" title="">6.2</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-desmogblog_5-3" title="">6.3</a> <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" class="external text" title="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" rel="nofollow">David Schnare</a>. DeSmogBlog. Retrieved on 2011-11-08.</li><li id="cite_note-exxonsecrets-6"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-exxonsecrets_6-0" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=1364" class="external text" title="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=1364" rel="nofollow">David Schnare</a>. ExxonSecrets Factsheet. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</li><li id="cite_note-7"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare#cite_ref-7" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/va-ag-timeline.html" class="external text" title="http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/va-ag-timeline.html" rel="nofollow">Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann</a>. Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved on 2011-11-03.</li></ol></div><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/va-ag-timeline.html"> [http://www.ucsusa.org/scientific_integrity/abuses_of_science/va-ag-timeline.html</a><h1 style="margin: 2em 0px 0.33em; padding: 25px 0px 0px; outline: none 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px none; line-height: 1.5; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);">Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann</h1>Starting in April 2010, climate scientist Michael Mann has been subjected to a campaign of harassment, first by Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, who has filed subpoenas demanding that the University of Virginia produce documents related to Mann’s time there, and later by the American Tradition Institute (ATI), a free-market think tank, which has sought identical materials through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request.UCS has assembled the following timeline of events, editorial comments and statements from scientists, academics and other groups related to these attacks.April 17, 2014
The Supreme Court of Virginia <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/virginia-supreme-court-unanimously-supports-academic-freedom-at-the-university-of-virginia-488" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">unanimously affirms</a> the earlier Circuit Court ruling in the University's favor.
June 19, 2013
The Superior Court of the District of Columbia holds a hearing on Michael Mann’s lawsuit against the National Review and Competitive Enterprise Institute. Each of the parties has filed their <a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/ucs-documents/science-and-democracy/MannvNationalReviewCEI.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">motions, exhibits and responses</a>.October 23
Michael Mann <a href="http://wwwp.dailyclimate.org/tdc-newsroom/2012/10/climate-scientist-sues-for-defamation" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">sues</a> National Review and the Competitive Enterprise Institute over their statements.September 17
Prince William County Circuit Court in Virginia <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-state-of-nova/post/uva-wins-key-ruling-in-prince-william-global-warming-foia-case-involving-michael-mann/2012/09/18/6c422d98-0133-11e2-b257-e1c2b3548a4a_blog.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">rules in the University's favor</a>in the ATI suit, finding that the documents ATI was demanding are protected from disclosure by an exemption covering scholarly communication in Virginia's public records law. (<a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/breaking-climate-change-scientist-michael-mann-and-scientific-inquiry-win-in-virginia-foia-case/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">See our blog post.</a>)July 13
An employee of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, a fossil-fuel-industry funded free market think tank, publishes a blog post accusing Mann of data manipulation and comparing him to convicted child molester Jerry Sandusky. Later, the National Review, a pro-free market publisher, references the post. (<a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/cei-compares-climate-scientist-to-a-child-molester" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">See our blog post</a>.)March 2
The Virginia Supreme Court <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2012-03-02-ruling.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">rules in the University of Virginia's favor</a> in the Mann case, with the majority finding that the university is not a "person" as defined in the Fraud Against Taxpayers Act (FATA), and therefore the Attorney General has no authority under the Act to make civil investigative demands (CIDs) of the university. (<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/virginia-supreme-court-1374.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">See UCS press release</a>.)January 25
The Climate Science Legal Defense Fund officially <a href="http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/25/a-legal-defense-fund-for-climate-scientists/?partner=rss&emc=rss" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">launches and forms a partnership with</a> Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility. The<a href="http://climatesciencedefensefund.org/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">fund</a> will educate the scientific community about their rights and responsibilities and provide financial support and legal counsel to climate scientists facing litigation.January 12, 2012
Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli and University of Virginia lawyers present <a href="http://www.centredaily.com/2012/01/13/3050973/virginia-attorney-general-goes.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">oral arguments</a> about the ability of the attorney general to subpoena Michael Mann’s private correspondence. The Court’s decision will likely come on March 2, 2012.December 16
The <a href="http://www.courts.state.va.us/courts/scv/docket.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Supreme Court of Virginia schedules oral argument</a> in Kenneth T. Cuccinelli, II, in his capacity as Attorney General of Virginia v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia for January 12, 2012.November 1
Virginia Circuit Court Judge Gaylord Finch <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-11-01-mann-standing.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">grants Mann standing to challenge ATI's attempts</a> to access his private correspondence. The judge <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-11-01-judges-order.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">voids the flawed agreement between UVA and ATI</a> and instructs the two parties to agree to a neutral arbiter who will determine which emails should be disclosed. UVA and ATI are given until December 20 to come to an agreement.October 24
The American Tradition Institute files a series of documents ahead of a November 1 hearing, including their <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-ati-opposition.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">opposition to amending the protective order</a>, affidavits from attorneys <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-horner-affadavit.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Chris Horner</a> and <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-schnare-affadavit.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">David Schnare</a>, and<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-ati-exhibits.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">supporting exhibits</a>.October 18
UVA files <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-motion-to-revise.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">a petition with the court to alter the protective order</a>, agreeing that it would be inappropriate to disclose exempt emails to ATI. In a <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-support-memorandum.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">supporting memorandum</a> and a more extensive <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-Kast-affidavit.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">affidavit</a>, UVA attorney Richard Kast outlines two concerns: first, regarding statements that ATI attorneys made on their website and in the press, and second, regarding how ATI attorney David Schnare represented his employment with the United States Environmental Protection Agency.October 18
The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) files an <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/9-2-11-notice-motion-to-intervene.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">amicus letter</a> in support of Mann's motion to intervene in the ATI case, asserting that the University of Virginia's agreement to the May 24 protective order "does not adequately balance" the interests of freedom of information and employee privacy.September 16
The judge hearing the ATI FOIA case <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/89/i39/8939_20110919lnp1.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">agrees to hear arguments from Mann</a>regarding his right to intervene in the ATI/UVA agreement. The hearing will be hold on November 1.September 8
The American Constitution Society for Law and Policy publishes an issue brief by AAUP Senior Counsel Rachel Levinson-Waldman regarding the open records case, "<a href="http://www.acslaw.org/sites/default/files/Levinson-ACS_FOIA_First_Amdmt_Issue_Brief.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Academic Freedom and the Public's Right to Know: How to Counter the Chilling Effect of FOIA Requests on Scholarship</a>."September 2
Michael Mann files a <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/9-2-11-notice-motion-to-intervene.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">motion to intervene</a> in the ATI case and objects to a court agreement that would allow ATI to review scientists' private correspondence. The court schedules a hearing for September 16 to consider the motion.August 15
The National Science Foundation (NSF) releases a document <a href="http://www.nsf.gov/oig/search/A09120086.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">closing its inquiry into allegations against Mann</a>, finding no evidence of research misconduct.August 10
UCS, the American Association of University Professors, American Geophysical Union and Climate Science Watch send <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/sullivan-letter-8-10-11.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">a letter to University of Virginia President Teresa A. Sullivan</a> urging the university to alter the May 24 protective order (see below). The groups argue that the university is slated to unnecessarily disclose exempt documents, including private correspondence among scientists, to ATI.May 29
The Washington Post publishes an <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/harassing-climate-change-researchers/2011/05/27/AG1xJMEH_story.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">editorial condemning the ATI VFOIA request</a> and urging UVA to use every exemption available.May 24
The American Tradition Institute and University of Virginia enter into a<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-v-UVA-5-24-Protective-Order.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">protective order</a>, which lays out how the university should handle documents, including private correspondence among scientists, related to ATI’s freedom of information act request.April 26
UCS and three other organizations (the American Association of University Professors, the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia, and the Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression) <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/4-25-11-UCS-Amicus-Brief-for-VA-Supreme-Court-Cuccinelli-v-UVA.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">file an amicus brief with the Supreme Court of Virginia</a> opposing the Attorney General’s appeal.April 21
UVA President Teresa A. Sullivan <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/4-21-11-Letter-from-UVA-to-Coalition-Orgs.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">responds</a> to April 14 coalition <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/Letter-to-UVA-President-Teresa-Sullivan-regarding-academic-freedom.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">letter regarding Freedom of Information Act requests</a>, stating that the University will follow the law while committing to the interests of faculty in academic freedom and scholarship.

April 14
Twelve public interest organizations, including UCS, <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/Letter-to-UVA-President-Teresa-Sullivan-regarding-academic-freedom.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">send a letter to University of Virginia (UVA) President Teresa A. Sullivan</a> urging the university to “[balance] the interests in public disclosure against the public interest in academic freedom” in its response to a <a href="http://www.americantraditioninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/ATI_UVA_Mann_FOIA_Final.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Virginia Freedom of Information Act (VFOIA) request</a> related to Mann’s work. UCS follows the letter with a <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/university-of-virginia-scientists-records-0530.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">statement that expands on the letter's message</a>.

March 4 
The Supreme Court of Virginia agrees to hear the <a href="http://www.courts.state.va.us/courts/scv/appeals/102359.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">attorney general’s appeal</a>.

January 12
The University of Virginia begins negotiations with the American Tradition Institute over the <a href="http://www.virginia.edu/foia/climatechange/timeline.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">time, scope, and </a><a href="http://www.virginia.edu/foia/climatechange/timeline.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: rgb(255, 255, 102);">payment</a><a href="http://www.virginia.edu/foia/climatechange/timeline.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;"> for processing</a> their January 6th FOIA request.

January 7
The <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/Jan-UVA-brief-opposition-crosserror.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">University of Virginia responds</a> to the attorney general's appeal to the Virginia Supreme Court. 

January 6, 2011
The American Tradition Institute, a free-market think tank that routinely attacks climate scientists and refuses to accept the scientific consensus on climate change, <a href="http://www.virginia.edu/foia/climatechange/pdf/2011-01-06-Schnare-request-fund%20name.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">submits a</a><a href="http://www.virginia.edu/foia/climatechange/pdf/2011-01-06-Schnare-request-fund%20name.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Freedom of Information Act </a><a href="http://www.virginia.edu/foia/climatechange/pdf/2011-01-06-Schnare-request-fund%20name.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Request to the University of Virginia</a> for the same personal correspondence that Attorney General Cuccinelli is seeking through his subpoenas. <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2011/01/university_of_virginia_receive.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">The Washington Post</a> notes that the American Tradition Institute has affiliations with the Competitive Enterprise Institute and Exxon Mobil, both of which have sown doubt about climate science in the past.

December 15
Attorney General Cuccinelli <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/12/cuccinelli_appeals_to_virginia.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">submits a brief to the</a><a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/12/cuccinelli_appeals_to_virginia.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> Virginia Supreme Court</a> appealing the decision of a circuit court judge who threw out the original subpoenas for lack of merit. 

October 20
In a court filing responding to the latest subpoena, <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2010-10-20-UVA-Petition-to-Set-Aside-Third-CID.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">UVA argues</a> that the attorney general's investigation is “an unprecedented and improper governmental intrusion into ongoing scientific research.” The filing points out that Cuccinelli’s latest demands repeat the same arguments rejected by the county court in August. UVA also <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2010-10-20-UVA-Motion-to-Stay-Proceedings.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">asks the court to place the case on hold</a>to conserve UVa and state resources, while the Virginia Supreme Court resolves the attorney general’s appeal of the August decision.

UCS subsequently <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/university-of-virginia-cuccinelli-0463.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">releases a statement</a> asserting that the attorney general is "abusing his power to fight a public relations war against scientific findings" and expressing dismay at the ongoing waste of taxpayer and university funds. 
 
October 13
<a href="http://www2.dailyprogress.com/news/2010/oct/13/cuccinelli-defends-positions-stop-uva-ar-561831/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Two dozen science graduate students protest Cuccinelli’s speech at UVA</a>.

October 6
<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/05/AR2010100504908.html?sub=AR" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">The Washington Post publishes an editorial</a> which writes that “the damage to Virginia's reputation, and to its universities' ability to attract and retain top-notch faculty and students, will not be easily undone.” In another editorial,<a href="http://www2.timesdispatch.com/news/2010/oct/06/ed-mann06-ar-544288/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">the Richmond Times-Dispatch warns</a> that Cuccinelli is setting a dangerous precedent, “future attorneys general hoping to score points with their political base will have less compunction about investigating "fraud" by academics whose work they don't like.”  <a href="http://hamptonroads.com/2010/10/cuccinelli-needs-cut-our-losses" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">The Virginia Pilot editorial board criticizes</a> the financial cost of Cuccinelli’s investigation. The Washington Post's Tom Toles takes a humorous look at the investigation with his <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/tomtoles/2010/10/simplicity_itself_if_somebody.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">editorial cartoon about Cuccinelli</a>.October 5
UCS <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/ken-cuccinelli-continues-0460.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">releases a statement</a> condemning Cuccinelli’s continued, politically driven, attack on Mann and UVA. <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/04/AR2010100407110_2.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">The Washington Post reports that</a>, in addition to filing a new CID, Cuccinelli intends to appeal the current decision to the Virginia state Supreme Court. UVA <a href="http://www2.insidenova.com/news/2010/oct/05/cucc05-ar-542458/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">says it has already spent more than $350,000 in legal fees</a> and pledges to “continue to stand for the principles the university has articulated since the CIDs were first put forward in April -- and to support academic communities here and elsewhere.”

September 29
Cuccinelli's office issues a new <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2010-9-29-Cuccinelli-CID.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Civil Investigative Demand</a> to the University of Virginia that complies with the judge's ruling yet differs little from his original request. The attorney general asks for emails, handwritten notes, and other documents related to the work of Dr. Michael Mann yet again offers no evidence of misconduct.August 30
Virginia judge dismisses Cuccinelli's investigation.  In his ruling the judge wrote "The nature of the conduct is not stated so that any reasonable person could glean what Dr. Mann did to violate the statute." UCS <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/judge-dismisses-ken-cuccinelli-mann-0437.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">issues a statement</a> calling the decision a "victory for scientific discovery."

August 18
<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/news/press_release/cuccinelli-uva-court-0435.html?utm_source=SP&utm_medium=head&utm_campaign=cuccinelliamicusbrief-8-18-10-head" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">UCS</a>, the <a href="http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/newsroom/2010PRS/uvabrief.htm" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Association of University Professors</a>, and the <a href="http://acluva.org/5625/rights-groups-ask-court-to-reject-ags-demand-for-records-of-university-of-virginia-climate-science-professor/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia</a> issue statements regarding the brief filed on August 17.August 17
UCS joins with the American Association of University Professors, the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia Foundation, and the Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression in <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/Cuccinelli_Amicus.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">filing an amicus brief with the court</a> that is supportive of UVA.

August 2
UCS releases analysis of claims made in <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/AG%20Mann%20file%20July%2013.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the attorney general’s July 13 court filing</a>, noting <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/cuccinelli-court-filing-basic-errors-0430.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a dozen of its most flawed errors</a>.July 23
Richmond Times-Dispatch columnist, Barton Hinkle, writes <a href="http://www2.timesdispatch.com/news/2010/jul/23/ed-hinkle23-ar-347334/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">an op-ed further discussing the dangerous precedent</a> that the attorney general’s actions could set, arguing that the investigation hardly falls under the original intent of the Fraud Against Taxpayers Act.July 20
<a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/UVA%20reply%20July%2020.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">UVA files a response brief</a>, asking the court to set aside the subpoenas issued to the university. UVA argues that the attorney general’s filings undermine his own case, stating that the Attorney General issued the subpoena simply to challenge a professor’s peer reviewed data.July 13
The <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/AG%20Mann%20file%20July%2013.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">attorney general files a brief in the Albemarle County Circuit Court</a>, arguing that Mann and his colleagues have manipulated scientific data for years to back the regulation of carbon dioxide emissions. The brief claims that UVA has failed to demonstrate that the subpoena violates any legal rights. The brief also complains about the influence of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on the public discussion of climate change science.July 7
<a href="http://www.cce-review.org/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The University of East Anglia’s (UEA) final independent inquiry</a>, headed by Sir Muir Russel, finds that the “rigour and honesty” of the scientists whose emails were stolen “are not in doubt.” In December of 2009, the university appointed the former Scottish civil servant to lead the independent Climate Change Email Review of the controversy associated with the Climate Research Unit (CRU). The dispute around CRU's hacked emails has inspired a number of recent attacks against climate science and researchers.  While the report does criticize UEA’s inadequacy in addressing freedom of information requests, overall the findings further dismiss the "Climategate" scandal and any justification for Attorney General Cuccinelli’s investigation.

July 2
In <a href="http://www2.dailyprogress.com/cdp/news/local/local_govtpolitics/article/advocacy_group_errors_riddle_cuccinelli_claim_on_uva_climate_papers/57841/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">an interview</a> with the Charlottesville Daily Progress, Brian Gottstein, Cuccinelli’s director of communication says their office does not intend to respond to UCS’s <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/ken-cuccinelli-uvs-respose-mann-0417.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">criticism </a><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/ken-cuccinelli-uvs-respose-mann-0417.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">of their error-riddled court filing</a>. Brian Gottstein tells the newspaper by email, “We will address any arguments that the University of Virginia has posed when we file our court brief on July 13. We do not intend to address the arguments of other parties.”  July 1
Penn State University <a href="http://live.psu.edu/story/47378" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">releases the final part of its investigation</a> into charges against Mann, clearing him of misconduct. 

In <a href="http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/local/blogs/capital-land/climate-scientist-cleared-by-penn-state-panel-97625749.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">an interview</a>, Cuccinelli spokesperson Brian Gottstein indicates that the attorney general's office was unfazed by the investigation. He says, “We will address any arguments that the University of Virginia has posed when we file our court brief on July 13. We do not intend to address issues outside of the courtroom.”June 29
UVA <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/June%2029%20UVA%20brief.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">responds to Cuccinelli's June 11 filing</a>. The university argues that Cuccinelli's requests for information “did not identify any legitimate reason to believe that a [Fraud Against Taxpayers Act] violation occurred.”June 11
Cuccinelli files <a href="http://static.mgnetwork.com/cdp/core/media_path/pdf/cuccinell_v_uva_response.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a response</a> to UVA, in which he points to emails stolen from Mann and other researchers to justify his investigation. According to <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/ken-cuccinelli-uvs-respose-mann-0417.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a UCS analysis</a>, the response makes significant mistakes, attributing research another scientist conducted to Mann and repeating debunked claims about stolen emails. In one instance, the response mischaracterizes a criticism Mann made about a blogger's work as a criticism of Mann's own research.

May 27
The University of Virginia <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/UVAvsCuccinelli.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">petitions a Virginia circuit court</a> to set aside the Cuccinelli’s civil investigative demand. UCS <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/testfolder/aa-migration-to-be-deleted/news-delete-me/press-releases-delete-me/uva-will-fight-misguided-cuccinelli-402.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">commends UVA authorities</a> for standing up for scientists and academic freedom.

May 18
UCS releases <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/Virginia-Scientist-Letter.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">a letter</a> (pdf) from more than 800 Virginia scientists and academic leaders—including nearly 300 individuals from UVA—asking the attorney general to stop the investigation. In an <a href="http://www2.dailyprogress.com/cdp/news/local/education/article/uva_inquiry_defended_cuccinelli_calls_it_case_of_possible_fraud/56285/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">article in the Daily Progress</a>, Cuccinelli offers a confusing and dismissive response to his critics: “The same legal standards for fraud apply to the academic setting that apply elsewhere.  The same rule of law, the same objective fact-finding process will take place.”  Later in the article, he is quoted saying, "They need not worry, but I doubt anybody screaming about it will take that from me.  We’re going to work our way through the process in a professional way.”
 
The American Association for the Advancement of Science Board of Directors issues <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/AAAS-statement-on-AG-Cuccinelli-investigation.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">a statement</a> (pdf) criticizing Cuccinelli's investigation.  They write, "Mr. Cuccinelli’s investigation, unless based on a much more substantial body of evidence than is apparent, could inappropriately inhibit the free exchange of scientific findings and ideas and thus limit the progress of science."Over thirty professors from the University of Virginia Law School send a<a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/UVA-Law-School-Letter-to-UVA-Rector-re-Cuccinelli-CID.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">letter</a> (pdf) to the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia "affirming the importance of academic freedom" and urging them to contest the Civil Investigative Demand (CID) "to the fullest extent possible."  The professors write that, "[t]he CID is an effective tool of intimidation because it appears not to require the Attorney General to make any factual showing of the need for its issuance."  The professors continue: "There appears to be a serious legal basis for challenging the constitutionality of the Attorney General's CID."
 
The nonpartisan civil liberties organization, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) write a <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/FIRE-letter-to-AG-Cuccinelli-on-academic-freedom.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">letter</a> (pdf) to Cuccinelli asking him to rescind his Civil Investigative Demand and condemning "the threat to academic freedom presented by this investigation."  FIRE warns: "This investigation provides a dangerous opening for politically motivated attacks on the academy from elected officials.  Once the precedent of using FATA [Virginia's Fraud Against Taxpayers Act] to investigate academic research has been set, no professor studying anything controversial at a Virginia public institution of higher education will be safe." May 14
In an unusual move, the American Meteorological Society and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research write <a href="https://www2.ucar.edu/news/ams-and-ucar-urge-uva-support-climate-scientist-defend-academic-freedom" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">a letter</a> to the president of UVA asking him to “uphold the tenets of academic freedom.” UVA <a href="http://www.virginia.edu/uvatoday/newsRelease.php?id=11836" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">announces it has hired an outside law firm</a> to handle the Cuccinelli matter, fueling speculation that the university intends to fight the subpoena. Washington Post editorial cartoonist Tom Toles <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/tomtoles/2010/05/cuccinelli_baby_cuccinelli.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">takes aim</a> at Cuccinelli’s investigation.May 13
The Washington Post <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/12/AR2010051204539.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">urges the UVA to fight the subpoena</a>. “Ken Cuccinelli II has decided to misuse state funds in his personal war against climate science,” the editors write. “But that doesn't mean anyone else should cooperate.”A UVA spokesperson <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/05/u-va_plans_to_comply_with_cucc.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">releases a statement</a> implying the university would comply with the order and saying it has received a 60-day extension to respond.Rep. Jim Moran (D-Virginia) sends <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/Moran%20on%20CID.doc" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">a letter</a> (doc) to Cuccinelli asking him to drop his investigation. He writes, “One can only conclude that your investigation is motivated by the desire to silence those with whom you disagree under the threat of having their grants, or lives, scrutinized under the guise of government auditing.”May 12
Nature magazine <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7295/full/465135b.html#/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">publishes an editorial</a> condemning the investigation. “Given the lack of any evidence of wrongdoing, it's hard to see Cuccinelli's subpoena…as anything more than an idealogically motivated inquisition that harasses and intimidates climate scientists.”In a tongue-in-cheek letter published in the <a href="http://www2.dailyprogress.com/cdp/news/opinion/letters_to_the_editor/article/oh_sure_politicians_make_great_scientists/56027/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Charlottesville Daily Progress</a>, University of Virginia microbiologist Martin Schwartz invites the attorney general to pay him a visit. “I’ve got a pile of lab notebooks that contain results someone might disagree with,” he writes. “Could your office help me check the calculations?”May 11
Virginia state Senator Donald McEachin (D-Henrico) <a href="http://www.donaldmceachin.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=114&Itemid=8" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">issues a statement</a>condemning Cuccinelli’s investigation and promising to introduce legislation to prevent CIDs from being used in this way. He writes, “This is not only ludicrous and frivolous, wasting more taxpayer dollars and trampling on academic freedom, but the Attorney General has deprived Mr. Mann of his constitutional rights.”May 9
The Fredericksburg Free Lance-Star <a href="http://fredericksburg.com/News/FLS/2010/052010/05092010/546700" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">editorial board writes</a>, “…even if Mr. Cuccinelli thinks that academic scientists are ‘all in it together,’ it is wrong-headed and dangerous for him to go slashing through the ivy…Mr. Cuccinelli may be spoiling for a fight. But he should withdraw from this one, lest all Virginians rue the day he picked it.”May 8
19 Old Dominion University professors <a href="http://hamptonroads.com/2010/05/odu-professors-balk-cuccinellis-climate-request" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">write a letter</a> to Cuccinelli condemning his investigation. They write that he should “cease and desist from this and further 'witch hunts' driven by partisan political agendas that waste valuable state resources in a difficult economy.”May 7
<a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/06/AR2010050605936.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">The </a><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/06/AR2010050605936.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Washington Post condemns </a><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/06/AR2010050605936.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">the attack</a>. “We hope that Gov. Robert F. McDonnell (R) and the University of Virginia have the spine to repudiate Mr. Cuccinelli's abuse of the legal code,” write the editors. “If they do not, the quality of Virginia's universities will suffer for years to come.”On <a href="http://thekojonnamdishow.org/shows/2010-05-07" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">WAMU’s Kojo Namdi Show</a>, Cuccinelli again claims that he is not targeting scientific conclusions, claiming his investigation is “directed at the expenditure of dollars. Whether he does a good job, bad job or I don't like the outcome—and I think everybody already knows his position on some of this is one that I question. But that is not what that's about."”May 6
The UVA <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/05/u-va_plans_to_comply_with_cucc.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">initially states</a> that it intends to comply with the subpoena to the extent required by law.In a <a href="http://www.acluva.org/publications/20100506ACLUAAUPUVALtr.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">letter to UVA</a> (pdf), the American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia and American Association for University Professors ask the UVA to “use every legal avenue at [their] disposal to resist providing the information demanded in the CID.” They write, “If scientists refrain from novel methodological approaches because they may be characterized as ‘fraudulent,’ then scientific research, and, by extension, society as a whole, will be the loser.”May 5
The University of Virginia Faculty Senate <a href="http://www.virginia.edu/facultysenate/documents/PositionStatementonMannInvestigation.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">issues a statement</a> (pdf) writing, “Such actions directly threaten academic freedom and, thus, our ability to generate the knowledge upon which informed public policy relies.”Governor Bob McDonald <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/05/gov_bob_mcdonnell_r_said.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">states</a> that he cannot recall issuing a similar demand when he served as attorney general and that he has not spoken to Cuccinelli about the subpoena.In <a href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/05/cuccinelli_says_his_not_target.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">an interview with TV station WSLS</a>, Cuccinelli says he thinks the “jury is out” on whether or not human activity is driving global warming, but also says that his office is not “targeting scientific conclusions.”May 4
In an <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2250591/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">article for Slate.com</a>, legal journalist Dhalia Lithwick concludes, “There are 100 vital ways for Ken Cuccinelli to spend his time and the Commonwealth's taxpayer dollars. Litigating science isn't one of them.”Cuccinelli <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/03/AR2010050304139.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">invokes debunked claims</a> about emails from climate scientists to justify his subpoena to the Washington Post.May 3
UCS <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/Attorney-General-Letter.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">writes a letter to Cuccinelli</a> asking him to rescind the subpoena. USA Today <a href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/sciencefair/post/2010/04/climate-science-witch-hunt-reprised-in-virginia-/1" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">blogs about a “witch hunt”</a> underway in Virginia.April 29
The Charlottesville independent weekly newspaper The Hook, <a href="http://www.readthehook.com/blog/index.php/2010/04/29/oh-mann-cuccinelli-targets-uva-papers-in-climategate-salvo/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">breaks the news</a> of the subpoena. April 23, 2010
Cuccinelli's office serves the University of Virginia with <a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2010-04-23-Civil-Investigative-Demand.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">a Civil Investigative Demand</a>, essentially subpoenaing documents related to Mann's grants when he was on the UVA faculty between 1999 and 2005.[11/09 Climategate hack, december COP15]2005
Dr. Mann ends his work at the University of Virginia and becomes an Associate Professor at Penn State University in the Department of Meteorology.January 1, 2003
The Virginia <a href="http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?021+ful+CHAP0842" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Fraud Against Taxpayers Act</a> goes into effect.April 17, 2002: 
The Virginia state governor signs the <a href="http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?021+ful+CHAP0842" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Fraud Against Taxpayers Act</a>.2001-2003
Dr. Michael Mann works as a co-investigator on the project "Resolving the Scale-wise Sensitivities in the Dynamical Coupling Between Climate and the Biosphere," funded by an internal grant award of $214,700 by the University of Virginia-Fund for Excellence in Science and Technology (FEST). All other projects of Dr. Mann's at the University of Virginia during this time period are funded by federal grants.1999
Dr. Michael Mann begins work as an Assistant Professor at the University of Virginia in the Department of Environmental Sciences.http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/2011-08-24-ati-exhibits.pdfschnre says he will not do legal work for ati while emplyed at EPA office of enforcement<div id="content-footer" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: none 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px none; float: left; width: 500px; line-height: 17px; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="info" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; float: left; background: transparent;">Last Revised: 05/11/11]</div><div class="info" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; float: left; background: transparent;">
</div><div class="info" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; border: 0px; float: left; background: transparent;">
</div></div><h3 style="">Related SourceWatch articles</h3><ul style=""><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute">American Tradition Institute</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a> (with <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C.Teague" title="Randal C. Teague">Randal C. Teague</a>)</li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heartland_Institute/Global_warming_experts" title="Heartland Institute/Global warming experts">Heartland Institute/Global warming experts</a></li></ul><a name="External_resources" id="External_resources"> </a><h3 style="">External resources</h3><ul style=""><li>David W. Schnare. <a href="http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html" class="external text" title="http://thehardlook.typepad.com/about.html" rel="nofollow">About Me</a>. The Hard Look. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.</li></ul><ul style=""><li><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" class="external text" title="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare" rel="nofollow">DeSmogBlog profile</a>, with public climate quotes</li><li><a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=1364" class="external text" title="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/personfactsheet.php?id=1364" rel="nofollow">ExxonSecrets factsheet</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-Kast-affidavit.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/scientific_integrity/ATI-UVA-Kast-affidavit.pdf" rel="nofollow">Richard C. Kast UVA affidavit, October 2011</a></li></ul><a name="External_articles" id="External_articles"> </a><h3 style="">External articles</h3><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style=""><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Climate_change" title="Category:Climate change">Climate change</a></div></div>
<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare</a>===wind sturgis Another presenter was David Schnare (middle in photo), a former government lawyer and scientist who directs the environmental law center at the American Tradition Institute, a conservative think tank that's part of a family of advocacy groups founded and funded by energy interests active in Western politics and that has been actively<a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/american-tradition-institute-v-state-of-colorado-constitutionality-of-renewable-energy-standards/">working to kill</a> state renewable energy programs. ATI is currently<a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/10/special-investigation-whos-behind-the-information-attacks-on-climate-scientists.html">involved in a controversial Freedom of Information Act lawsuit</a> against the University of Virginia that aims to obtain the emails of Michael Mann, a former professor at the school who's a leading scholar of climate change. Paul Chesser, ATI's former executive director and now its director of communications and research, previously worked for the John Locke Foundation and led its climate-science denial efforts. Also speaking was John Droz (left in photo), who recently became a fellow with ATI. While Droz identifies himself as a physicist and holds a master's in solid-state science from Syracuse University, he retired from industry in 1979 and has worked in real estate for the past 30 years, according to <a href="http://www.northnet.org/brvmug/AREResume.html">his resume</a>. A New York native, he splits his time between homes in that state and in Morehead City. The forums were moderated by Roy Cordato, an economist who serves as JLF's vice president

===

The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy is a relatively low budget Virginia nonprofit "dealing with the issues of improving education, government reform, economic development and environmental stewardship,"<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a> although their concept of "stewardship" may differ from the norm.

The group was founded in 1985.<a href="http://www2.guidestar.org/organizations/51-0280185/thomas-jefferson-institute-public-policy.aspx" class="external autonumber" title="http://www2.guidestar.org/organizations/51-0280185/thomas-jefferson-institute-public-policy.aspx" rel="nofollow">[5]</a>

<h2>Contents</h2>

[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</div>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#Personnel">1 Personnel</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#Board">1.1 Board</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#Staff">1.2 Staff</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#Funding">2 Funding</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#Contact">3 Contact</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#Articles_and_resources">4 Articles and resources</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#References">4.1 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#Related_SourceWatch_articles">4.2 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#External_resources">4.3 External resources</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#External_articles">4.4 External articles</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 style="">Personnel</h2>

From December 2011:<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#cite_note-1" title="">[2]</a>

<h3 style="">Board</h3>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Michael_W._Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael W. Thompson (page does not exist)">Michael W. Thompson</a>, Chairman and President</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague" title="Randal C. Teague">Randal C. Teague</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="">Staff</h3>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Christian_N._Braunlich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian N. Braunlich (page does not exist)">Christian N. Braunlich</a>, vice president (also Assistant Vice President of Public Affairs for the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Manufacturers" title="National Association of Manufacturers">National Association of Manufacturers</a>, president of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">Alexis de Tocqueville Institution</a>, and vice president of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Education_Reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Center for Education Reform (page does not exist)">Center for Education Reform</a>)</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Leonard_Gilroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Gilroy (page does not exist)">Leonard Gilroy</a>, Senior Fellow on Government Reform (Director of Government Reform at <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Reason_Foundation" title="Reason Foundation">Reason Foundation</a>)</li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_Schnare" title="David Schnare" class="mw-redirect">David Schnare</a>, Director of TJI's Center for Environmental Stewardship (also <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute">American Tradition Institute</a> attorney)</li>

</ul>

<h2 style="">Funding</h2>

This organization brings in between $200k and $300k/year<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#cite_note-2" title="">[3]</a>, but the origins of most of these funds are obscure - MediaMatters only shows about $300k from 1998 to 2009, the bulk from the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jaquelin_Hume_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaquelin Hume Foundation (page does not exist)">Jaquelin Hume Foundation</a> ($170k) and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Roe_Foundation" title="Roe Foundation">Roe Foundation</a> ($103k)<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#cite_note-3" title="">[4]</a>, and no funds reached it from the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Sarah_Scaife_Foundation" title="Sarah Scaife Foundation" class="mw-redirect">Sarah Scaife Foundation</a>, at least for 2009 and 2010.

<h2 style="">Contact</h2>

<dd>Website: <a href="http://thomasjeffersoninst.org" class="external text" title="http://thomasjeffersoninst.org" rel="nofollow">thomasjeffersoninst.org</a></dd>

</dl>

<h2 style="">Articles and resources</h2>

<h3 style="">References</h3>

<li id="cite_note-0"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#cite_ref-0" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php" rel="nofollow">[1]</a> accessed 2011-12-08</li>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy#cite_ref-1" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/bod.php" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/bod.php" rel="nofollow">[2]</a> accessed December 2011</li>

</ol>

</div>

<h3 style="">Related SourceWatch articles</h3>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague" title="Randal C. Teague">Randal C. Teague</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W._Schnare" title="David W. Schnare">David W. Schnare</a> of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute">American Tradition Institute</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="">External resources</h3>

<li><a href="http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/organization/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy/funders" class="external free" title="http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/organization/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy/funders" rel="nofollow">http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/organization/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy/funders</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="">External articles</h3>

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Climate_change" title="Category:Climate change">Climate change</a> | <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Stubs" title="Category:Stubs">Stubs</a>

Randal C. Teague, Chairman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fund_for_American_Studies" title="Fund for American Studies">Fund for American Studies</a>

"Randal Teague has been a member of The <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fund_for_American_Studies" title="Fund for American Studies">Fund for American Studies</a>’ Board of Trustees since 1979 and was elected chairman in 1998. He was a co-founder of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Institute_on_Political_and_Economic_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Institute on Political and Economic Systems (page does not exist)">American Institute on Political and Economic Systems</a> in Prague and was the founder of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=International_Institute_for_Political_and_Economic_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Institute for Political and Economic Studies (page does not exist)">International Institute for Political and Economic Studies</a> in Greece.

"In addition to his work with TFAS, Teague is a partner with <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Vorys,Sater,Seymour%26_Pease&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorys, Sater, Seymour & Pease (page does not exist)">Vorys, Sater, Seymour & Pease</a>, LLP. He was formerly chairman of the U.S. Agency for International Development's <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Advisory_Committee_for_Voluntary_Foreign_Aid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advisory Committee for Voluntary Foreign Aid (page does not exist)">Advisory Committee for Voluntary Foreign Aid</a>, a trustee of EARTH University in Costa Rica, a director of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Air_Force_Academy_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Force Academy Foundation (page does not exist)">Air Force Academy Foundation</a> in Colorado Springs, and a senior councilor to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a> of the United States." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C.Teague#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a>

<ul>

<li>Director, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Victims_of_Communism_Memorial_Foundation" title="Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation">Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation</a></li>

<li>Executive Council, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=America%27s_Future_Foundation" title="America's Future Foundation">America's Future Foundation</a></li>

<li>Secretary-Treasurer, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy" title="Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy">Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy</a> (with <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Tradition_Institute" title="American Tradition Institute">American Tradition Institute</a>'s <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W._Schnare" title="David W. Schnare">David W. Schnare</a>)</li>

<li>Secretary, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=EARTH_University" title="EARTH University">EARTH University</a> Foundation Board of Trustees <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#cite_note-1" title="">[2]</a></li>

</ul>

<h2>Contents</h2>

[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</div>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#Early_affiliations">1 Early affiliations</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#Articles_and_resources">2 Articles and resources</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#References">2.1 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#Related_SourceWatch_articles">2.2 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#External_resources">2.3 External resources</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#External_articles">2.4 External articles</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>Early affiliations</h2>

From Teague's TFAS bio:<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#cite_note-2" title="">[3]</a>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a> executive director, 1968-1971</li>

<li>Economic Policy Analyst in the Executive Office of President <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon" class="mw-redirect">Richard Nixon</a>. (1971-1973?)</li>

<li>Served on the Board of Directors and as treasurer of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">American Conservative Union</a> (ACU)</li>

<li>Legislative counsel and administrative assistant (chief of staff) to then-Rep. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jack_F._Kemp" title="Jack F. Kemp">Jack F. Kemp</a> (R-N.Y.), 1973-1979</li>

</ul>

<h2>Articles and resources</h2>

<h3>References</h3>

<li id="cite_note-0"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#cite_ref-0" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.tfas.org/NETCOMMUNITY/Page.aspx?&pid=553&srcid=226" class="external text" title="http://www.tfas.org/NETCOMMUNITY/Page.aspx?&pid=553&srcid=226" rel="nofollow">Staff</a>, Fund for American Studies’, accessed July 23, 2007.</li>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#cite_ref-1" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.earth.ac.cr/about-earth/earth-governance/board-of-directors-2-2/?lang=en" class="external text" title="http://www.earth.ac.cr/about-earth/earth-governance/board-of-directors-2-2/?lang=en" rel="nofollow">EARTH University Foundation Board of Trustees</a>, EARTH University, accessed December 8, 2011.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randal_C._Teague#cite_ref-2" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.tfas.org/page.aspx?pid=553" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.tfas.org/page.aspx?pid=553" rel="nofollow">[1]</a> accessed 2011-12-10</li>

</ol>

</div>

<h3>Related SourceWatch articles</h3>

<h3>External resources</h3>

<h3>External articles</h3>

</div>

---

<div class="print-site_name" style="">Published on DeSmogBlog (<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com">http://www.desmogblog.com</a>)</div>

<div class="print-breadcrumb" style=""><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/">Home</a> > <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/blog">Blogs</a> > <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/blog/john-mashey">John Mashey's blog</a> > See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others</div>

<h1 class="print-title" style="">See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others</h1>

<div class="print-submitted" style="">By John Mashey</div>

<div class="print-created" style="">Created 2012-08-20 03:00</div>

</div>

<div class="node-blog-user-name"><a title="View user profile." href="http://www.desmogblog.com/bio/484/john-mashey">John Mashey</a> [1]</div>

</div>

<div class="node-blog-content clearfix">20 August 12 at 3:00am

<h1 class="title"><a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/see-no-evil-speak-little-truth-break-rules-blame-others">See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others</a> [2]</h1>

</div>

The "Wegman Report", led by <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/edward-wegman">Edward Wegman</a> [8] of George Mason University (GMU) got criticized in 2010's <a target="blank" href="http://www.usatoday.com/weather/climate/globalwarming/2010-11-21-climate-report-questioned_N.htm">Experts claim 2006 climate report plagiarized</a> [9].  Experts called it "obvious" even "shocking" plagiarism.  GMU's <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/see-no-evil-george-mason-university">i</a> [10]ncompetent handling, mistreatment of complainants and flawed rulings were <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/see-no-evil-george-mason-university">mostly documented in March</a> [10], but recent <a target="blank" href="http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/405453-foia-request-gmu-hunt-4-9-2012.html">FOIAs </a>[11]expose<a target="_blank" href="http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/405454-foia-response-gmu-hunt-4-26-2012-usa-today-foia.html"> more</a> [12] untruths.

Is the harsh title fair?  Read on, then study the<a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/sites/beta.desmogblog.com/files/see.no.evil.speak.little.truth.pdf"> 69-page attachment.</a> [13]

GMU Provost Peter Stearns' <a target="_blank" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/sciencefair/post/2012/02/george-mason-university-reprimands-edward-wegmand-/1">February letter to GMU faculty</a> [14] made claims of non-plagiarism that contradicted not only experts, but themselves.  The process consumed almost two years to assess four (4) pages of text.

Stearns' letter was even more untruthful than previously known.  It  fabricated an imaginary second investigation committee, seemingly to somehow excuse crucial contradictions.   This seemed an attempt to defend the Wegman Report at all costs, even with potential problems from <a target="blank" href="http://ori.hhs.gov/case_summary">Federal</a> [15] agencies <a target="blank" href="http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2012/oig12002/oig12002.pdf">who</a> [16] expect schools to handle misconduct properly.  They fund much of GMU's actual research, done by faculty that to the best of my knowledge are normal, credible researchers.

However, a few groups in GMU are closely, even uniquely enmeshed with people behind the machinery of anti-science, such as <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-institute-manifestation-kochtopus-empire">Charles Koch</a> [17], <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/climate-change-and-well-informed-denial">Ken Cuccinelli</a> [18], <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/david-schnare">David Schnare</a> [19], <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/s-fred-singer">Fred Singer</a> [20], and <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/patrick-michaels">Pat Michaels</a> [21], plus the <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-institute">Heartland Institute</a> [22] and key Washington think tanks.  GMU even has a long history of tobacco connections, <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/fake-science-fakexperts-funny-finances-free-tax">oddly relevant</a> [23].

Following are a few brief summaries to motivate the title's phrases:

See No Evil: Via FOIA, the only investigation committee took 200 days to produce a 9-page report.  It ruled on Ray Bradley's three complaints based on Canadian blogger <a target="_blank" href="http://deepclimate.org/">Deep Climate</a> [24]'s early discoveries:

<ul>

<li>2.5 <a target="blank" href="http://deepclimate.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/wegman-bradley-tree-rings-v20.pdf">pages</a> [25] of <a target="blank" href="http://deepclimate.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/wegman-bradley-ice-cores-corals-v3.pdf">text</a> [26] mostly from Ray Bradley's book: paraphrasing, not plagiarism although serious plagiarism experts said otherwise long ago.</li>

<li>5.5 <a target="_blank" href="http://deepclimate.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/wegman-social-networks-v-2.pdf">pages</a> [27] of near-verbatim plagiarism of social networks text: never mentioned.</li>

<li>1.5 <a target="_blank" href="http://deepclimate.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/wegman-social-networks1.pdf">page</a> [28] subset re-used in later paper: plagiarism, likely unavoidable, since the publisher had forced retraction in May 2011. This is an obvious contradiction.</li>

</ul>

But there was more, found by Deep Climate and others:

<ul>

<li>Another 70 pages of formally-reported plagiarism, 27 in WR alone, in 6 more articles, half Federally-funded, and four PhD dissertations: never mentioned. </li>

<li>Alleged <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/wegman-report-not-just-plagiarism-misrepresentation">falsification</a> [29] in the Wegman Report: never mentioned.</li>

</ul>

Speak Little truth: GMU VP Roger Stough rarely told complainants much and when he did, he was often wrong or misleading, now seen more clearly by FOIA replies.  Stearns' letter   fabricated committee(s) and processes that never happened, casting doubt on the credibility of anything there.  GMU never informed Ray Bradley of any result.  GMU acknowledged receipt of other complaints, which then seemed to vanish into limbo. Complainants got no status reports.

Break Rules: FOIA replies exposed large policy-breaking schedule slips, at best poorly explained, at worst misleading.  GMU ignored its policy of pursuing all significant issues -  Stearns said there were no more investigations.   GMU's seemed to maximize discouragement and stonewalling of external complaints, even from distinguished academics like Ray Bradley or Ohio State's Rob Coleman, an experienced misconduct expert.  One can imagine GMU's handling of internal complaints, especially from junior faculty of students.

Blame Others:   GMU violated its "retaliation" policies by making false or misleading claims about Bradley, impugning his reputation and helping incite vitriolic blog attacks against him.   Universities are supposed to guard complainants from retaliation, repair it if need be, not do it themselves.  GMU owes Bradley many apologies.

Why would they do this? FOIAs have revealed actions far outside GMU's own policies, the norms of academe and possibly Federal rules.  Big universities are expected to know how to follow misconduct policies, so mere incompetence seems an insufficient explanation, especially with experienced administrators who should know better.

We cannot know exactly what happened, but GMU has some unusual connections that might help explain this.  No explicit pressure need be assumed, but a few parts of GMU are deeply involved in climate anti-science activities, so it is no surprise that something like the Wegman Report was written almost entirely by GMU faculty and students.

Funding. Charles Koch is by far the largest single foundation funder for each of GMU Foundation, its <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/koch-and-george-mason-university">Mercatus Center and Institute for Humane Studies</a> [30] (IHS).   His donations to these usually exceeded the research grants of most government agencies. His lieutenant <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/richard-fink">Richard Fink</a> [31] cofounded Mercatus and is a  Director of it and IHS. Koch is a Director of Mercatus and Chairman of IHS.

Money comes from other Koch allies, such as <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/heartland-denial-palooza-sponsors-have-received-67-million-exxonmobil-koch-and-scaife-foundations">Richard Mellon Scaife</a> [32], Searle Freedom Trust, Earhart Foundation, L&H Bradley and  <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/fake-science-fakexperts-funny-finances-free-tax">DONORS Trust+Capital,</a> [23] the second largest foundation giver, which anonymizes the real givers' identities.  The recently-discovered <a target="_blank" href="http://www.eri-nonprofit-salaries.com/index.cfm?FuseAction=NPO.Summary&EIN=541899251&">Knowledge and Progress Fund</a> [33] seems to send Koch money only to DONORS.  It is a real money maze

.

Governance. <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/koch-industries-inc-lobbying-activities">Nancy Mitchell Pfotenhauer</a> [34] is the Vice-Rector of the GMU Board of Visitors. She was a Koch Industries lobbyist and an executive of <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/americans-prosperity">Americans For Prosperity</a> [35].  The Board also includes <a target="blank" href="http://bov.gmu.edu/bios/dennis.html">Kimberly Dennis</a> [36] (Searle Freedom Trust, DONORS) and <a target="blank" href="http://bov.gmu.edu/bios/mcgettrick.html">Mark McGettrick</a> [37], Executive VP at Dominion Resources, a large utility that has donated well to the campaign of Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, as has Koch Industries.

Lawyers. Ken Cuccinelli, his Deputy Wesley Russell and his <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/curious-coincidences-george-mason-university-ed-wegman-milton-johns-and-ken-cuccinelli">ex-partner Milton Johns (Wegman's lawyer)</a> [38] all got their JD degrees at GMU in the 1990s.  So did David Schnare, of the <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/american-tradition-institute">American Tradition Institute</a> [39] (ATI), well-known for FOIA harassment of UVA, Michael Mann, James Hansen, <a target="blank" href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2012/07/climate-science-attack-group-turns-sights-on-texas-professors.html">Andrew Dessler and Katharine Hayhoe</a> [40].  FOIA has legitimate uses, but can also be employed for harassment.  The reader can decide which <a target="blank" href="http://www.webcitation.org/69s2LDIj7">these</a> [41] are.

Schnare is also an Adjunct Professor who recently <a target="blank" href="http://www.law.gmu.edu/assets/files/academics/schedule/2012/summer/SCHNARE_FederalismLitPrac-S.pdf">taught a GMU course </a>[42]on how to do FOIAs, use the <a target="blank" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Quality_Act">Data Quality Act</a> [43], using this <a target="_blank" href="http://www.webcitation.org/69x9WhoYW">outline</a> [44].  it starts:

'This course is an introduction on how to sue the government when it does what it should not do. Citizens, advocates of small government and Tenth Amendment proponents engage...

</blockquote>

He also offers "externships" to give students practice, via a new 501(c)(3) "public charity," originally (and legally still) the <a target="blank" href="http://fmelawclinic.org/?page_id=36">George Mason Environmental Law Clinic.</a> [45]  it is now called the <a target="blank" href="http://fmelawclinic.org/">Free Market ELC</a> [46], consisting of him and <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/chris-horner">Chris Horner</a> [47], as at ATI.  He was <a target="_blank" href="http://www.webcitation.org/6A48o5bgk">looking for students</a> [48] to file FOIAs against some Virginia university, likely not GMU.[Mann? UVA?]

Conclusion. We cannot know whether the strange process and absurd rulings came from overt pressure or implicit GMU culture.  A few parts of GMU form a very large gear in the machinery of anti-science and they defended Wegman at all costs.

Public funding of research depends on credibility, of which little is found in GMU's handling of this case.  Maybe it is time for a first-ever institutional debarment from Federal funding until they rebuiild a track record of normal behavior.  Given the credibility problems of key people, this may require outside teams.

Finally, people might recall the potential felony issues raised <a href="http://www.desmogblog.com/crescendo-climategate-cacophony">here</a> [49]  and wonder if this process might add more obstruction of justice to the mix.  The old saying may apply: "It's not the crime - it's the cover-up."

</div>

The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic’s purpose is to make lawyers and make (case) law. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable institution working alongside the George Mason University School of Law and other law schools.The Clinic prosecutes cases that hold governments accountable when they violate their own rules, whether administrative or Constitutional. Central to our strategy is a petition-litigation practice that requires courts to reevaluate prior decisions, hold agencies and government employees to account, and put false science on trial.In addition to coordinating with legal experts to identify strong plaintiffs, we serve as a clearing-house for expert witnesses, research, amicus briefs, and consultations to like-minded litigators nationwide.FME Law seeks to provide a counter-weight to the litigious environmental movement that fosters an economically destructive regulatory regime in the United States. The environmental movement’s litigation strategy is particularly troublesome. Since the beginning of the movement in the 1970s, eight major litigating environmental organizations have filed more than 3,250 cases and EarthJustice alone has nearly 150 cases pending. Radical environmentalism has also taken over the classroom. The number of activist environmental law clinics – over 30. The number of free-market environmental law clinics – one, ours.==

gmu

<h1 class="entry-title" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.3em; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Litigation</h1>

The FME Law Clinic provides litigation and research services to qualified clients.  We concentrate on cases involving landmark free-market pro-environmental litigation; use of open records and data quality laws to force greater governmental accountability and transparency; and, cases that allow the Clinic to help create the next generation of free market oriented attorneys.  The Clinic has paired with the American Tradition Institute in order to prosecute three cases, described below.  In addition, the Clinic has an active Freedom of Information Act practice.  <a href="http://fmelawclinic.org/?page_id=9#FOIA" style="font-weight: normal; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">Current FOIAs are also listed below</a>.  At the bottom of this page is a brief <a href="http://fmelawclinic.org/?page_id=9#NEW" style="font-weight: normal; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">description of new litigation the Clinic is contemplating pursuing</a>.

<span style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Active Cases

<a href="http://fmelawclinic.org/?page_id=464" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Occoquan Watershed Coalition v. EPA</a>

FME Law is representing the Occoquan Watershed Coalition (OWC ) in a law suit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The OWC alleges that EPA has violated the Tenth Amendment by imposing a water quantity standard on Virginia and Fairfax County that will cost as much as $225 Million. If the County is forced to spend that much money on a single watershed, it will mean not one of the other 29 watersheds in the County will receive funds for their restoration, including the eight watersheds in the OWC’s territory.real site: <a href="http://www.pwconserve.org/issues/occoquan/">http://www.pwconserve.org/issues/occoquan/</a>The <a href="http://www.pwconserve.org/issues/watersheds/impaired_waters_tmdls/dirtywaters_factsheets/Occ%20Reservoir.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;">Occoquan Reservoir is currently listed</a> on<a href="http://www.deq.virginia.gov/wqa/ir2004.html" style="text-decoration: none;"> Virginia's Dirty Water List</a>. The concerns include high levels of phosphorous, turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, the presence of copper sulfate and the growing presence of pharmaceuticals. These water quality problems are directly linked to human land uses, including a growing population and poor management of development patterns in the Occoquan Watershed.However, due to variations in data collection protocols between the EPA and Virginia Tech's Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Lab, the Occoquan Reservoir is listed only for aquatic life impairments. Concerns about the presence of copper sulfate, added to Reservoir waters to prevent algae blooms (caused by high phosphorous levels), were discussed but not included in the final 2004 dirty waters list.

Growth and development means that many acres of wetlands and forests are replaced by roads and rooftops. Natural filters are replaced with land surfaces that feed pollutants into the air, water and soil.--The Occoquan Reservoir is an important drinking water supply for more than one million people who live and work in Northern Virginia. The Occoquan Reservoir supplies about 40% of the clean drinking water for 1.7 million people and, in an emergency, can supply the whole demand.Over half Prince William's total county population, located generally in the eastern portion of the county, depends on the Occoquan Reservoir for about 17 million gallons of clean drinking water each day. West Prince William and Fairfax residents drink a mix of water from the Occoquan Reservoir and the Potomac River, making it difficult to tell where the water is from on any given day.

<a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/american-tradition-institute-v-university-of-virginia-dr-michael-mann/" style="font-weight: normal; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">American Tradition Institute v. University of Virginia</a>

(records of Dr. Michael Mann, Freedom of Information Act Petition filed May 16, 2011)

American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center and Virginia Delegate Robert Marshall asked a Prince William County judge, under the Commonwealth’s Freedom of Information Act, to expedite the release of documents withheld by the University of Virginia that pertain to the work of its former environmental sciences assistant professor Dr. Michael Mann. The legal action followed a delay by UVA of more than four months since ATI and Del. Marshall made <a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/american-tradition-institute-va-taxpayers-request-records-from-university-of-virginia-on-climate-scientist-michael-mann/" style="font-weight: normal; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">their original request</a> on Jan. 6.  Twelve months after the initial request the matter remains in court with UVA seeking to deny the public copies of emails for which they paid.

The court has ordered the parties to identify exemplar emails that will serve as the basis for legal challenges to UVA’s refusal to release 12,000 emails that chronicle the history of keystone efforts in the early climate change alarmism. We expect this matter will end up in the Supreme Court of Virginia and if successful its discovery and production will prove invaluable to energy policymaking at the state and federal levels domestically, as well as internationally.

<a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/american-tradition-institute-v-state-of-colorado-constitutionality-of-renewable-energy-standards/" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">American Tradition Institute v. State of Colorado, et al.</a> (filed April 4, 2011)

American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center <a title="RPS Litigation Page" href="http://www.americantraditioninstitute.org/american-tradition-institute-v-state-of-colorado-constitutionality-of-renewable-energy-standards/" style="font-weight: normal; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">filed a lawsuit</a> in federal court challenging the constitutionality of Colorado’s Renewable Energy Standard, based upon evidence that the state’s law violates the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Commerce Clause reserves the regulation of interstate commerce to the federal government.

The court has under consideration a motion for the Sierra Club to intervene, as well as a challenge to ATI’s standing. The next phase of the case will be extensive discovery followed by motions for summary judgment. The case is expected to be appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit.

In Re Accotink Creek TMDL – a Data Quality Act challenge to EPA’s Clean Water Act over-regulation of a local stream.  EPA was forced to drop a major element of the TMDL that has been used nationally to directly replace local land use planning and controls.

<a title="Permanent Link to American Tradition Institute v. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Dr. James Hansen)" href="http://www.atinstitute.org/american-tradition-institute-v-national-aeronautics-and-space-administration-dr-james-hansen/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: transparent;">American Tradition Institute v. National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>

(records of Dr. James Hansen, Freedom of Information Act Petition filed June 21, 2011)

On June 21, 2011 American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center filed a lawsuit in federal district court in the District of Columbia to force NASA to release ethics records for Dr. Hansen. The action followed NASA’s denial of ATI’s federal <a title="Hansen Ethics FOIA" href="http://www.americantraditioninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/ATI_NASA_Hansen_Ethics_FOIA.pdf" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Freedom of Information Act request </a>with NASA, seeking records detailing whether and how ‘global warming’ activist Dr. James Hansen of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) has complied with applicable federal ethics and financial disclosure laws and regulations, and NASA Rules of Behavior.

This case forced NASA and the U.S. Office of Governmental Ethics to change its policy on release of public documents as well as how NASA and others implement their ethics responsibilities (poorly). It has resulted in an ongoing investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Operations.

<a id="FOIA" name="FOIA" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </a>FOIA Actions

§  <span style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">University of Virginia – Requested Mann emails associated with his academic duties. This matter is now before a Virginia Circuit Court for failure of UVA to meet its responsibilities under the Virginia FOIA and to challenge the University’s claims that 12,000 emails are exempt from FOIA. Mann has entered the case as a party (defendant). As of early 2012 we are in motions practice on our effort to proceed to discovery.

§  <span style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">University of Virginia – Requested Michael Mann’s research logs or the written authorization allowing Mann to take his log upon his departure from UVA. The University responded stating it did not have a log and had no release authorization. UVA also refused to inquire as to whether Mann actually kept a research log. As such, FME Law has effectively established that he kept no research log which is why no one, including Mann, can duplicate the research underpinning his infamous Hockey Stick-shaped reconstruction of global temperature.

§  <span style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">University of Virginia – Requested evidence that 15 faculty members who engaged in publishing peer-reviewed scientific papers actually kept research logs associated with that research. The University requires faculty to maintain such logs so that others can duplicate the research using the exact same methods. Of the 15, only one research log was found, and it belonged to a clinical assistant. Not one faculty member appears to have kept a research log.

§  <span style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">George Mason University – Requested and received the Wegman records sought by USA Today, thereby establishing what is proper, and what are disparate, implementation practices under Virginia’s FOI law by different universities or, arguably, depending on the published views of the subject of the FOI request. Professor Wegman’s emails document the validity of the deconstruction of the Mann Hockey Stick.???

§  <span style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – Requested Jim Hansen’s ethics compliance records regarding outside employment and other activity. We established that Dr. Hansen received approximately ten times his salary in gifts, outside employment and speaking fees, all as a result of his environmental advocacy. Should he choose to testify again in Congress he now has specific, troubling questions to answer. His records show he and his supervisors failed to properly follow the NASA ethics requirements.  On behalf of ATI Law, the FME Law Clinic filed to force release of the records in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.  NASA settled the matter, releasing all records sought, and we are in the fee-recovery stage of this litigation.

§  Harvard-Smithsonian – Requested records provided Greenpeace regarding correspondence associated with the Soon/Baliunas. These were received in a timely fashion. Soon and Baliunas published a landmark paper debunking the argument that the Medieval Warming Period was only a Northern Hemisphere phenomena, showing it was a global event.

§  <span style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">National Science Foundation – Requested Verardo/Mann correspondence. Mann refused to release fundamental data and results used to support his Hockey Stick temperature reconstruction. When the same data was sought from the National Science Foundation, who provided the grant for Mann’s research, NSF’s Verardo refused to provide the data. ATI sought the email correspondence between Mann and Verardo associated with this matter. NSF claimed it possessed no such records though on appeal FME Law provided certain responsive correspondence which is already publically available on the internet, and noted our ability to establish the existence of more. FME Law appealed this response. NSF’s responded on January 19, 2012 seeking a ten-day extension to consult internally, as is permitted by statute.

§  Texas Tech – Requested documents of erstwhile “climate” chapter contributor Professor Katharine Hayhoe to, from and citing Newt Gingrich, and his forthcoming book on environmental issues.  The University refused to produce the documents, producing one redacted email affirming Hayhoe was indeed engaged by Gingrich’s co-author to produce the chapter, as well as the chapter’s inclusion in the book as of December 7, 2011, despite Gingrich claims to the contrary days later.  FME Law has appealed this unlawful redaction and filed a complaint with the Texas Attorney General regarding TTU’s admission that they violated the Texas transparency laws by failing to seek the AG’s approval [abbott?] before withholding responsive information. FME Law requested the AG compel TTU to produce responsive records, and submitted a second request going back to the date of the first request for Hayhoe’s chapter, in 2007.

<a id="NEW" name="NEW" style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> </a><span style=" background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: underline; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Prospective Cases

ATI v. US. Forest Service – ATI is seeking support for, and asked FME Law to prepare, a FOIA, Endangered Species Act and Data Quality Act petition-litigation action to force full implementation of National Forest Management Plans that require logging in order to prevent forest fires that causing destruction of endangered species habitat and which would also create new timber and mill jobs and reinvigorate a moribund national timber industry.

A_ Association v. EPA – The FME Law Clinic is preparing a petition-litigation action to force EPA to revise rules costing over $60 billion and which fail to properly target the actual source of harmful PM2.5 air pollutants, regulating industries that do not contribute to the hazard and failing to regulate some that do.

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<h1 class="entry-title" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; line-height: 1.3em; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">News & Press Releases</h1>

Press Release

01/04/2013 - Court Decision on Accotink Creek Fails to Solve the Problem

On behalf of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition and the Springfield District Council, the FME Law Clinic filed a motion for summary judgment that asks the Court to declare that EPA does not have authority to force either Virginia or Fairfax County to implement a Total Maximum Daily Limit for nonpoint source water pollutants, much less one that neither can afford.

The press release is available here: <a href="http://fmelawclinic.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/2013-1-4-MSJ-filing-press-release.docx" style="background-color: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2013-1-4 MSJ filing press release</a>

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===bsDavid W. Schnare, Esq. Ph.D. is an attorney and scientist with 33 years of federal and private sector experience consulting on and litigating local, state, federal and international environmental legislative, regulatory, risk management and free-market environmentalism issues. [PhD -University of North Carolina 1979, Juris Doctor Cum Laude-George Mason University School of Law 1999)Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. He is a member of the Bars of the United States Supreme Court, U.S. Courts of Appeal for the Second and Fourth Circuits, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.Dr. Schnare is an administrative law specialist and currently serves on the ABA’s Administrative Law Council and as Deputy Chairman of the Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice Section’s Continuing Education Committee. His practice has included a federal, state and local caseload. He maintains an active program of academic research supporting local and state legislative initiatives and has federal regulatory experience with EPA, OSHA, IRS, NMFS, NOAA, FDA, HRSA, ATSDR, CDC, FAA, Bu. Rec., BLM, MMS, FWS, and the Corps of Engineers. In addition to his position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare is a Senior Fellow of the Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy. He has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board, and serves as Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition and as Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee.In addition to legal responsibilities, Dr. Schnare has managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental policy issues, as reflected in his published works. He is the author and editor of 55 books, chapters and major articles on environmental management, policy and law, which include:“Market-Based Solutions to Chesapeake Bay Clean-Up”, a two-part analysis of funding needs and options, prepared at the request of the Virginia Legislature, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. (2005)“Inevitable Growth”, American Chamber of Commerce Executives 2001 Management Symposium, March 15, 2001.“Environmental Rationality and Judicial Review: When Benefits Justify Costs Under the Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1996”, 5 Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy (1) 65. (1998)“The Stewardship Ethic - Resolving the Environmental Dilemma” in Environmental Risk Decision Making, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton. (1996)“Evaluating Engineering to Ensure a Sustainable Environment” in Cleaner Production - Environmental and Economic Perspectives Springer-Verlang, Berlin. (1996)"Raid on Sanity: Policy and Economic Analysis of Radionuclide Removal from Drinking Water” in Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water Lewis Pub., Chelsea, Michigan. (1990)Chemical Contamination and Its Victims: The Scientific, Legal and Medical Challenge, (Ed. Schnare, David W. and Katzman, M.) Quorum Press, Westport, Conn. (1989)

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<div id="content-header" style="padding-top: 1.2em; line-height: 15.9875px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h1 class="title" style="line-height: 1em; margin: 0px 0px 0.2em;">Lawyer in Climate Science Case May Have Broken Ethics Rules</h1></div><div id="content-area" class="clear-block" style=""><div id="node-199511" class="node node-type-article node-type-article-full" style=""><div class="node-inner clear-block" style=""><div class="content clear-block" style=""><div id="node-header" class="clear-block" style="line-height: 2em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="node-header-data" class="node-header-data-primary" style="overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.6em;"><h3 class="dek" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.3em;">Did a climate change denying attorney at the EPA mislead his bosses?</h3>—By <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/authors/kate-sheppard" rel="author" style="text-decoration: none; border: none; font-weight: bold;">Kate Sheppard</a><div id="dateline" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 3px; line-height: 1.4em; float: left; padding-bottom: 0px;">| Tue Oct. 9, 2012 3:00 AM PDT</div><div id="dateline" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 3px; line-height: 1.4em; float: left; padding-bottom: 0px;">
</div><div id="dateline" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 3px; line-height: 1.4em; float: left; padding-bottom: 0px;">
</div><div id="dateline" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 3px; line-height: 1.4em; float: left; padding-bottom: 0px;">Last month, the University of Virginia won a legal battle to protect the private emails of one of its former researchers. The records had been requested by a group critical of the scientific consensus on global warming.</div></div></div><div id="node-body-top" class="clear-block" style="">The close of the 20-month public records fight brought interesting documents to light—including some suggesting that one of the group's lawyers had misrepresented his employment status, and had been fighting the case while working a federal job, a potential violation of ethics rules.On September 17, Judge Paul Sheridan of the Prince William County Circuit Court <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-state-of-nova/post/uva-wins-key-ruling-in-prince-william-global-warming-foia-case-involving-michael-mann/2012/09/18/6c422d98-0133-11e2-b257-e1c2b3548a4a_blog.html" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ruled that the Virginia Freedom of Information Act</a> did not apply to data and records created in the course of scholarship. The decision barred the American Tradition Institute, a "free-market"-minded think tank, from accessing the emails of Michael Mann, a well-known climate scientist who previously worked at the University of Virginia.Mann, now the director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, is the co-author of a widely-cited paper that included the so-called "hockey stick" chart documenting the uptick of global temperatures in the industrial age.His work has long made him the subject of attacks from climate change deniers. But things ramped up in 2009 when over one thousand stolen emails between climate scientists, including some sent by Mann, were released. While at least nine academic and governmental investigations have exonerated the scientists, climate skeptics argued that the emails revealed a conspiracy to fix data, most notably around his famous <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2011/04/history-of-climategate" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">chart</a>. In the wake of that kerfuffle, others have sought to access Mann's inbox through legal means.In 2010, a judge <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2010/08/judge-cuccinelli-mann-climate-change" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">rebuffed</a> a subpoena from Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, a Republican and a climate change skeptic, <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2010/10/cuccinellis-attack-climate-science-continues" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">for Mann's emails</a>. Then in January 2011, ATI <a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/american-tradition-institute-v-university-of-virginia-dr-michael-mann/" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">made its request</a> under the state's open records law, on behalf of itself and state Delegate Robert Marshall, another vocal climate change critic. University of Virginia, ATI, and<a href="http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2011/09/legal-defense-fund-climate-scientists" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">Mann's lawyer</a> have been wrangling over the information ever since.ATI has offices in Colorado and Washington, DC, and is closely affiliated with the American Tradition Partnership, a 501(c)4 that bills itself as "a no-compromise grassroots organization dedicated to fighting the radical environmentalist agenda." As the Institute for Southern Studies has documented, both groups and the people involved with them have <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/10/special-investigation-whos-behind-the-information-attacks-on-climate-scientists.html" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">extensive ties</a> to energy interests and have led other attacks on climate science and renewable energy.ATI's network includes very well-known climate deniers, like Chris Horner, who serves as the director of litigation for ATI's Environmental Law Center. He's also a <a href="http://cei.org/expert/christopher-c-horner" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">senior fellow</a> at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and a <a href="http://www.nationalreview.com/author/13286" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">frequent</a> <a href="http://spectator.org/people/chris-horner/all/150" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">contributor</a> to right-wing blogs. The director of ATI's Environmental Law Center, David Schnare, <a href="http://www.thomasjeffersoninst.org/staff_scholars.php" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">worked at the Environmental Protection Agency</a> for 33 years, most recently as a senior attorney.In ATI's suit seeking Mann's emails, those two lawyers argued that the work—including the email correspondence—of any scientist at a state university or federal agency should be subject to open records laws.In May 2011, UVA and ATI had <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454696-ati-v-uva-5-24-protective-order" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">entered into a protective order</a> that would have allowed ATI's lawyers—Schnare and Horner—to review the records in order to contest their withholding, on the condition that the information not be shared. UVA president Teresa Sullivan said the school would use <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454697-4-21-11-letter-from-uva-to-coalition-orgs" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">"all available exemptions"</a> to protect academic freedom.According to Megan Rhyne, the executive director of the Virginia Coalition for Open Government, this arrangement allowing ATI's attorneys full review of the documents was very unusual. And the university was particularly troubled that Horner and Schnare were <a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/about/staff-board-of-directors/" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">ATI officials</a> who were deeply involved in anti-climate science circles, and not merely hired outside counsel. With the risk that they might share information in the documents in mind, in October 2011, UVA's lawyer <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454632-ati-uva-kast-affidavit" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">filed an affidavit</a> with the court, citing "<a href="https://www.motherjones.com/documents/454632-ati-uva-kast-affidavit#document/p3/a76512" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">disturbingly inaccurate</a>" information in the press that seemed to <a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/court-orders-university-of-virginia-to/" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">have originated</a> with Schnare and Horner about the protective order. They also noted that Delegate Marshall, who was not permitted to see the claimed exemptions, <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454632-ati-uva-kast-affidavit#https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/454632-ati-uva-kast-affidavit.html#document/p14/a76513" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">had told the Washington Times</a> that he wanted "to look at what they've given us and examine what they've withheld and see why it's been withheld," which would be a clear violation of the terms of the protective order.The school <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454631-ati-uva-support-memorandumum" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">asked to modify the order</a> noting it had "developed increasing concerns about the reasonableness of its agreement to allow these two individuals access to exempt records." The school feared that the pair would not review the documents as disinterested legal experts, but would use the information to advance the political mission of ATI and to attack Mann. In its request to modify the order, UVA also noted additional information they'd received since May that had raised alarms about whether ATI's lawyers were being entirely honest. In particular, the school felt that Schnare <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454631-ati-uva-support-memorandum#document/p10/a76466" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">had misrepresented himself</a> by claiming that he had already left his job at the EPA when this order was issued back in May. In fact, Schnare noted in an email to UVA's lawyers dated September 29, 2011 (included as <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454632-ati-uva-kast-affidavit#document/p54/a76477" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">Exhibit 21 here</a>) that he was only leaving his job the next day—September 30.Working for ATI while at EPA isn't in itself a problem, necessarily: ethics rules allow federal lawyers to do pro bono work, provided they receive permission and that they only conduct that business outside of work hours and work facilities.In <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/457916-ati-response-to-memorandum" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">court documents</a>, Schnare says he sought prior permission from the EPA. But UVA provided the court a letter from the EPA that, while acknowledging such a memo from Schnare, says its first record of that memo is also from September 2011—when Schnare provided it in response to a media request, and after Schnare had been seeking the documents on ATI's behalf for nine months. The EPA's letter (included as <a ati-uva-kast-affidavit.pdf="" scientific_integrity="" documents="" assets="" www.ucsusa.org="" href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454632-ati-uva-kast-affidavit#document/p66/a76481" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Exhibit 26 here</a>) raises some questions regarding his approval request:<blockquote style="line-height: 1.8em; margin: 2em 0px; padding-left: 20px;">The request for approval of the outside activity was purportedly prepared by Mr. Schnare on or about November 16, 2010, but neither his Deputy Ethics Official nor his Assistant Deputy Ethics Official has any record of receiving it or approving this request to engage in outside activity.</blockquote>In <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454631-ati-uva-support-memorandum#document/p11/a76483" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">its court filing</a>, UVA raises concerns that Schnare's letter "may have been prepared after the fact." The university's lawyers also note that the memo refers to the American Tradition Institute, even though at the time that memo had purportedly been drafted the organization was actually known as the "Western Tradition Institute." UVA's filing goes on to note that <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454631-ati-uva-support-memorandum#document/p70/a76511" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">even if Schnare did have permission from EPA</a>, "he frequently and consistently communicated with counsel for the University and its Public Records officer during regular weekday business hours," and <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454632-ati-uva-kast-affidavit#document/p94/a76486" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">provides time stamped emails</a> to back up that assertion.UVA <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/454631-ati-uva-support-memorandum#document/p12/a76487" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">concludes in its filing that</a>:<blockquote style="line-height: 1.8em; margin: 2em 0px; padding-left: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">University counsel can no longer defend their willingness to entrust tens of thousands of pages of personal, scholarly, and research communications from Professor Mann and other scientists to two individuals who have regrettably provided far too many reasons to doubt that their words may be trusted.</blockquote>ATI responded with a <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/457916-ati-response-to-memorandum" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">filing</a> disparaging UVA's argument as a discourteous and "error-filled personal attack." It argued that his request had been properly filed but lost in the EPA bureaucracy, and provided a computer printout purporting to show that the document had been created in November 2010 (<a target="blank" href="http://www.motherjones.com/documents/458080-ati-response-to-memorandum-exhibits" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">exhibit 5</a>). While ATI's response includes a copy of the contested permission memo where Schnare pledges not to do any work on the case using EPA equipment or during working hours, it does not address UVA's time stamped emails suggesting he may have. Nor does it address the issue of the American Tradition Institute's name change. (The EPA's press office did not respond to multiple requests to comment on Schnare's employment status and permission to do outside work.)Schnare insisted in an interview with Mother Jones that he had proper authorization to litigate the email case. "I had permission to do legal work outside of work that did not directly involve the EPA or issues in front of the EPA and this is one of them," he said. He added that the work was pro bono and insisted it was done outside of his day job.While the court's ruling on Mann's emails didn't touch on ATI's motivations or Schnare's employment, the legal record suggests that ATI's own lawyer may have been working on the case while at has taxpayer-funded EPA job. Wherever and whenever Schnare did his lawyering, ATI's <a href="http://www.atinstitute.org/court-orders-university-of-virginia-to/" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0);">main argument</a> for why they should have had access the emails was to "fulfill the public's right to know how taxpayer-funded employees use the taxpayer's resources."Peter Fontaine, the lawyer representing Mann in the case, called the court's decision a victory for science. "Scientists and public universities across the United States are under attack by industry-funded attack groups who seek to confuse the public about the scientific facts on climate change," he said. "But rather than engage in an honest debate over the facts, such groups attempt to chill scientific research itself by using public records laws to tie-up faculty and university resources by filing FOIA requests seeking faculty correspondence, which they want to 'crowd-source' on the world wide web."Schnare told Mother Jones that the group will most likely appeal the decision to the Virginia Supreme Court. In the meantime, ATI has <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2012/07/american-tradition-institute-freedom-information-law-climate-scientists" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">broadened its records-law tactic</a> to include the emails of <a href="http://www.southernstudies.org/2012/07/climate-science-attack-group-turns-sights-on-texas-professors.html" style="text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">other prominent climate scientists</a> like Texas A&M University's Andrew Dessler and Texas Tech's Katharine Hayhoe, including their correspondence with reporters. Environmental and academic groups, as well as other climate scientists, say ATI is again using this tool to intimidate and burden scientists.=hu experiment (tho ok w/ chemical in drink water to kill algae?]
FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIAALEXANDRIA DIVISIONThe American Tradition InstituteEnvironmental Law Center 9033 Brook Ford Rd. Burke, VA 22015Plaintiffs,v.UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION AGENCY1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.Washington, DC 20460, Defendants.Civil Action No. DECLARATION OF DAVID W. SCHNAREI, David W. Schnare, under penalty of perjury and in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1746, declare as follows:1. I reside at 9033 Brook Ford Road, Burke Virginia 22015 and make this Declaration based upon my personal experience. 2. My parents selected my name, David, to honor the last male relative to die before my birth. That man’s name was David Steiner, a Jew who died in Buchenwald concentration camp on May 3, 1945, 21 days after the camp was liberated. Tattooed on his body was the number 59059. See, http://www.buchenwald.de/totenbuch/. 3. German physicians conducted large-scale human experimentation at Buchenwald.Some 729 inmates were used as test subjects, of whom 154 died. This human experimentation <a href="http://eelegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/2012-09-11-Schnare-Declaration.pdf">http://eelegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/2012-09-11-Schnare-Declaration.pdf</a>=914v captgmulaw990

=
SCHNARE  webodec3  Brain Control Explore Account Logout Support DownloadFranklin Ctr for Gov't and Public IntegrityAmerican Crossroads GPSWebofDCeitGLOBAL WARMINGDENIERFUNDER$FRONTSPOLITICIANSINDUSTRIE$LOBBYIST$MEDIAFLACKSHACKSDIRTY TRICKSREVOLVING DOORgmucoal, CoC, gmu, Koch, SLAPP, TP, Uber, VaCuccinelli, KB2, brooksbros, cu, delay, gmu, inhofe, Koch, rnc, swiftDonatelliacsh, aei, alec, CEI, cfact, coors, crc, Exxon, fedsoc, gmu, heritage, Koch, legal, scaife, VaGeorge Mason Univ. ...AmSpct, Denier, Front, gmu, heartlnd, Koch, spn, tobacco, wtJohn Locke FdnSchnare, Dati, crypto, Denier, gmu, Koch, revolvdoorSchnare, Depa, UberEPAaei, ati, scientist, SLAPP, UberMANN, Mepa, H&W, legal_EPA LawsuitsCoC, pacleg, SLAPPACADEMIC SUPPRESSIONaei, alec, api, ati, cfact, Defunct, eboy, evil, Fox, hub, Koch, PacRes, Uber, wtAmerican Tradition In...Agda21, AmSpct, ati, beck, bp, CEI, Exxon, gop, inhofe, Koch, legal, scaife, Uber, wtHorner, Ccato, CEI, Exxon, Hack, heartlnd, Koch, wsjLindzen501(c)3, api, BM, bp, CoC, Exxon, hub, Koch, SLAPP, tobaccoNAM/National Assoc ...inhofeSen Comm EVIRON ...ati, cu, evil, tobaccoAbrams, F attyalec, api, CoC, Denier, Exxon, frack, KochALEC2gop, lobbyist, tobaccoAltriacfact, Hack, hoovr, KochBaliunascoal, Denier, Exxon, frack, gop, inhofe, Koch, xlBarrasso, J Senbgr, Christian, coal, Denier, frack, Koch, revolvdoor, rove, rsc, texasBARTON, Joe REPDenierDENIERGMOnsanto, H&W, legal, Mod, shell, SLAPPFOIA/SLAPP
 Schnare, D
David W. Schnarehttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnareat epa in 1990? fluride?
David W. Schnare is a Virginia attorney who works on behalf of the contrarian American Tradition Institute (ATI). A climate inactivist, he has affiliations with ATI and with the Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy; and as attorneys for ATI, he and Chris Horner (who also wears two ATI hats) are involved in the ATI legal action seeking to let him and Horner review thousands of climatologist Michael Mann's University of Virginia emails, including emails deemed exempt from FOIA.[1]
Contents1 Employment/Funding2 Background3 Climate contrarianism3.1 Asserted climate and climate policy expertise4 Affiliations5 Controversies5.1 ATI suit to review Michael Mann's emails6 Articles and resources6.1 References6.2 Related SourceWatch articles6.3 External resources6.4 External articles 
Employment/Funding
Schnare reported in December 2011,
"Until my retirement from Federal service, I worked pro bono. I have not, to date, been compensated for my work on any ATI law case. I am receiving partial funding for my work with an Environmental Law Clinic that is undertaking legal research for the Thomas Jefferson Institute, a 501(c)(3) non-profit."[2]He reports no work relationship with sister 501(c)(4) the American Tradition Partnership.[2]BackgroundSchnare's ATI bio reports[3] he has:"a PhD in Environmental Management from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, a Master of Science in Public Health-Environmental Science from the University of North Carolina’s School of Public Health, and a Baccalaureate Degree from Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa, where he majored in chemistry and mathematics.""Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. ... In addition to his [former] position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare ...has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board."[4]
Climate contrarianismIn December 2011, Schnare explained his views, saying he doesn't deny anthropogenic global warming:"I believe the climate is changing and that there is a human signal in that change. I simply don't find sufficient evidence that the human contribution constitutes a matter of such significance to require large economic impacts on our current energy mix, much less the secondary harm to human health and the environment that alarmist policies have already cases and will exacerbate in the future."[5]In the past, Schnare has said that the science isn't clear (2007 Senate testimony)[6], and that if the science is clear, then it's too late to cut carbon emissions,(March 16, 2008)[6], it's too expensive to cut carbon emissions(May 12, 2010)[6], and we should go straight to geoengineering.(March 16, 2008)[6]Asserted climate and climate policy expertise
Dr. Schnare identifies his expertise as follows:"Any competent scientist with qualifications in statistical analysis and understanding the scientific method is capable of assessing climate science if they take the time, and are given the opportunity to examine the data and methods used by a "climate scientist". My courses of study leading to a PhD in Environmental Science and an MSPH provided me both."[5]

AffiliationsCEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc., "a professional corporation providing legal representation, legal and policy analysis"[1]Schnare is listed among the "Heartland Institute/Global warming experts".Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment[7]American Tradition Institute 
ControversiesATI suit to review Michael Mann's emailsIn 2011 Schnare and fellow American Tradition Institute attorney Chris Horner sued the University of Virginia for access to thousands of Michael Mann's emails, including his correspondence with 39 other climate scientists.But the University of Virginia's court filings[2][3] argued that ATI publicity and actions of ATI principals Schnare and Christopher Horner - both of whom were acting as both attorney and petitioner - had raised serious questions about whether in their role as attorneys for ATI they could be trusted to abide by the previous ruling's requirement to keep the content of the exempt emails private.[8]
Articles and resourcesReferences? Sue Sturgis (2011-10-31). SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: Who's behind the 'information attacks' on climate scientists? -. The Institute for Southern Studies. Retrieved on 2011-11-01.? 2.0 2.1 "I do not work with or for the Partnership." Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-13; Can't check since ATP/WTP's IRS returns, if any, are not available on Guidestar as of 2011-12-14.? Staff & Board of Directors. American Tradition Institute. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.? David W. Schnare. About Me. TheHardLook blog. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.? 5.0 5.1 Email to ahaynes, 2011-12-14? 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 David Schnare. DeSmogBlog. Retrieved on 2011-11-08.? David Schnare. ExxonSecrets Factsheet. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.? Timeline: Legal Harassment of Climate Scientist Michael Mann. Union of Concerned Scientists. Retrieved on 2011-11-03.
Related SourceWatch articlesAmerican Tradition InstituteGeorge Mason UniversityThomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (with Randal C. Teague)Heartland Institute/Global warming expertsExternal resourcesDavid W. Schnare. About Me. The Hard Look. Retrieved on 2011-11-05.DeSmogBlog profile, with public climate quotesExxonSecrets factsheetRichard C. Kast UVA affidavit, October 2011
External articlesCategory: Climate changehttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=David_W.Schnare
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windAnother presenter was David Schnare (middle in photo), a former government lawyer and scientist who directs the environmental law center at the American Tradition Institute, a conservative think tank that's part of a family of advocacy groups founded and funded by energy interests active in Western politics and that has been actively working to kill state renewable energy programs. ATI is currently involved in a controversial Freedom of Information Act lawsuit against the University of Virginia that aims to obtain the emails of Michael Mann, a former professor at the school who's a leading scholar of climate change. Paul Chesser, ATI's former executive director and now its director of communications and research, previously worked for the John Locke Foundation and led its climate-science denial efforts.Also speaking was John Droz (left in photo), who recently became a fellow with ATI. While Droz identifies himself as a physicist and holds a master's in solid-state science from Syracuse University, he retired from industry in 1979 and has worked in real estate for the past 30 years, according to his resume. A New York native, he splits his time between homes in that state and in Morehead City. The forums were moderated by Roy Cordato, an economist who serves as JLF's vice president
facing so----
 DESMOG
David W. Schnare Credentials
J.D., George Mason University School of Law (1999).PhD, Environmental Management, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (1979).M.Sc., Public Health-Environmental Science, University of North Carolina School of Public Health.Bachelor’s Degree (chemistry and math major), Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, Iowa.Source: [1], [2]
 Background
David Schnare is the "Director of the Center for Environmental Stewardship" at the Thomas Jefferson Institute.The Thomas Jefferson Institute lists Schnare as an attorney and scientist  who "managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental and policy issues."Schnare was past Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition, and Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee. He is CEO of Schnare and Associates, Inc.Schare has called for "geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects of global warming, at least for a few decades…" [3]
Stance on Climate Change"When it comes to global warming, I'm a skeptic because the conclusions about the cause of the apparent warming stand on the shoulders of incredibly uncertain data and models…" [4]
Schnare has said that it is too late to curb global warming because "The world has already exceeded the greenhouse gas emissions 'tipping point' beyond which catastrophic warming cannot be stopped." [5]
He believes that the IPCC's science "could be wrong. But it could also be right. And, what if the IPCC predictions are true? Then, as the first truth states, it's too late, and the climate scientific community has admitted as much." [6]
Key Quotes"As Ken Caldeira, a professor of climate science at Stanford University, explains, reducing greenhouse gases will cost around 2 percent of the gross domestic product while geo-engineering (by putting reflective aerosols into the upper atmosphere) will cost about one-thousandth of that." [7]"These propagandists [Stephen Schneider and other scientists involved in 'Climategate'] are not to be confused with the majority of scientists who have no political agenda and who simply want to be scientists. These are often the scientists who are under attack and should not be. Among them are Richard Lindzen, MIT, Roger Pielke, Sr., University of Colorado – Boulder, and John Christy, UAH. These people refuse to go beyond where observation takes them. They are under attack because they refuse to participate in the propaganda campaigns." [8]
"The Virginia plan to reduce greenhouse gases by a mere 30 percent by 2020 is too little, too late and so is the even more aggressive IPCC proposal to reduce them by 80 percent." [5]
"Those of us familiar with the coal-fired power plant industry have long recognised that CCS may be slightly more than a pipe-dream, but will never be affordable or practicable for the vast majority of coal-fired plants. Yet no one in the bureaucracy has had the courage to stand up and refute this politically correct but scientifically bankrupt concept." [9]"Tea Parties are scathingly and properly scathingly opposed to the climate change proposals that have emerged over the past decade. They see the economic consequences of such action, and applying the principles of 'opportunity costs' and the need for honest science, including full transparency in the scientific discussion." [10]
"The energy windmills offer is not free, not clean, not reliable and not consistent. And it doesn’t create new jobs." [11]
Key DeedsJune 30-July 1, 2011Schnare was a speaker at the Heartland Institute's Sixth International Conference on Climate Change. [12]Nov, 2008Featured speaker (PDF) at the fall Climate Change Conference sponsored by the National Chamber of Commerce and the Virginia Chamber. [13]This conference “brought scores of business leaders together to discuss the climate change/environmental issues facing our nation and our state.”Schnare advocated geo-engineering in his presentation where he explained that through "artificially seeding the atmosphere with non-polluting reflective particles (that slowly descend to the surface of the earth) we can keep the earth’s atmosphere cool as we work to find economically feasible alternatives to carbon-based fuels." He concludes that "this is a more acceptable concept than severely restricting our economic growth through drastic government regulation." [14]April, 2008Spoke at the Heartland Institute's 2008 International Conference on Climate Change where he introduced his paper (.pdf), titled "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative,” which was published by the Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. [3]Although the paper does imply that global warming may be due in part to increases in Greenhouse Gases caused by humans, he believes that it is too late to try to reduce our emissions.The abstract states that our situation "calls for geoengineering as a means to put off the most catastrophic potential effects, at least for a few decades; an immediate reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) where those reductions actually save money (the “no regrets” alternatives); significantly expanded use of and research on low-cost carbon sequestration that removes GHGs from the atmosphere or reduces carbon emissions; and some breathing space within which to further assess some of the global warming theories that, if disproven, would point humanity toward lesser or greater reliance on alternative climate change responses."Schnare continues, stating that "A perusal of [the Geophysical Research Letters journal], however, finds well documented, peer- reviewed papers indicating there appears to be some merit to arguments that warming over the past 40 years reflects a normal, if chaotic cycle that may overlay anthropogenic (human caused) warming, but alone explains the majority of observed warming."For support, Schanre quotes skeptical scientists such as Petr Chylek, Dennis Avery, Fred Singer and Alan Carlin. The suggested geo-engineering projects are reminiscent of those recommended by Bjorn Lomborg including ocean-based cloud creation, ocean fertilization, and ocean carbon sequesterization.Schnare also describes "High Cost Actions" that would be too expensive to implement to reduce carbon emissoins including:All forms of direct solar power (photovoltaic and CSP)Residential and commercial HVAC high efficiency equipment (a LEED element)Carbon Capture at coal-fired power plants and carbon-intensive industrial processesRe-forestation of crop landMedium and high penetration onshore wind powerBiomass power generationShifting from coal to gas electricity generationHybrid automobilesSeptember 26, 2007Testified before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, referencing his report titled "Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay" where he argues that we need to apply geo-engineering to prevent global warming, and that "any investments in reducing greenhouse gases…would be the greatest threat to the [Chesapeake] Bay." [7]
 AffiliationsThomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy — Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment. [1]The Heartland Institute — "Expert." [15] Publications
A Google Scholar search returns one article written by David Schnare on the subject of climate, titled "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground," published by the Thomas Jefferson Institute. He has not published any articles on climate in peer-reviewed journals.
 Resources "Staff and Scholars," Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. Accessed February, 2012. "Staff & Board of Directors," American Tradition Institute. Accessed February, 2012. David W. Schnare. "Climate Change and the Uncomfortable Middle Ground: The Geoengineering and 'No Regrets' Policy Alternative" (PDF), The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. "U.S. Senate Report: Over 400 Prominent Scientists Disputed Man-Made Global Warming Claims in 2007," U.S. Senate Committee on Environment & Public Works, December 20, 2007. David Schnare. "Emergency Preparedness for Climate Change" (.doc) The Jefferson Journal, March 16, 2008. David Schnare. "Four Truths about Climate Change," The Jefferson Journal (.doc), November 3, 2008. "Responses to Climate Change and their Implications on Preservation and Restoration of the Chesapeake Bay" (PDF), David Schnare's testimony before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, September 26, 2007. David Schnare. "What Real Scientists Do: Global Warming Science vs. Global Whining Scientists," MasterResource, March 16, 2010. David Schnare. "Climate Science Policy Needs a 'Team B',” MasterResource. May 18, 2010. David Schnare. "A Tea Party Environmental Platform," Bacon's Rebellion, May 12, 2010. Archived May 20, 2011. David Schnare. "Death by Wind," Jefferson Policy Journal, February 17, 2011. "Speakers," International Conference on Climate Change (climateconference.heartland.org). Accessed February, 2012. "Virginia Climate Change & Energy Business Summit" (PDF), Yourenergyfuture.org. "Annual Report 2008" (PDF), Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. "Heartland Experts: David Schnare," The Heartland Institute. Accessed February, 2012.

 
The Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy is a relatively low budget Virginia nonprofit "dealing with the issues of improving education, government reform, economic development and environmental stewardship,"[1] although their concept of "stewardship" may differ from the norm.
The group was founded in 1985.[5]
Contents
[hide]1 Personnel1.1 Board1.2 Staff2 Funding3 Contact4 Articles and resources4.1 References4.2 Related SourceWatch articles4.3 External resources4.4 External articles 
Personnel
From December 2011:[2]
 
Board
Michael W. Thompson, Chairman and PresidentRandal C. Teague...(tbd) 
Staff
Michael W. Thompson, Chairman and PresidentChristian N. Braunlich, vice president (also Assistant Vice President of Public Affairs for the National Association of Manufacturers, president of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, and vice president of the Center for Education Reform)Leonard Gilroy, Senior Fellow on Government Reform (Director of Government Reform at Reason Foundation)David Schnare, Director of TJI's Center for Environmental Stewardship (also American Tradition Institute attorney) 
Funding
This organization brings in between $200k and $300k/year[3], but the origins of most of these funds are obscure - MediaMatters only shows about $300k from 1998 to 2009, the bulk from the Jaquelin Hume Foundation ($170k) and Roe Foundation ($103k)[4], and no funds reached it from the Sarah Scaife Foundation, at least for 2009 and 2010.
 
Contact
Website: thomasjeffersoninst.org 
Articles and resources
 
References
? [1] accessed 2011-12-08? [2] accessed December 2011? [3]? [4] 
Related SourceWatch articles
Randal C. TeagueDavid W. Schnare of American Tradition InstituteMichael W. Thompson 
External resources
http://mediamattersaction.org/transparency/organization/Thomas_Jefferson_Institute_for_Public_Policy/funders 
External articles
Categories: Climate change | Stubs
 

 
Randal C. Teague, Chairman Fund for American Studies
 
"Randal Teague has been a member of The Fund for American Studies’ Board of Trustees since 1979 and was elected chairman in 1998. He was a co-founder of the American Institute on Political and Economic Systems in Prague and was the founder of the International Institute for Political and Economic Studies in Greece.
"In addition to his work with TFAS, Teague is a partner with Vorys, Sater, Seymour & Pease, LLP. He was formerly chairman of the U.S. Agency for International Development's Advisory Committee for Voluntary Foreign Aid, a trustee of EARTH University in Costa Rica, a director of the Air Force Academy Foundation in Colorado Springs, and a senior councilor to the Atlantic Council of the United States." [1]
Director, Victims of Communism Memorial FoundationExecutive Council, America's Future FoundationSecretary-Treasurer, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (with American Tradition Institute's David W. Schnare)Secretary, EARTH University Foundation Board of Trustees [2]Contents
[hide]1 Early affiliations2 Articles and resources2.1 References2.2 Related SourceWatch articles2.3 External resources2.4 External articles 
Early affiliations
From Teague's TFAS bio:[3]
Young Americans for Freedom executive director, 1968-1971Economic Policy Analyst in the Executive Office of President Richard Nixon. (1971-1973?)Served on the Board of Directors and as treasurer of the American Conservative Union (ACU)Legislative counsel and administrative assistant (chief of staff) to then-Rep. Jack F. Kemp (R-N.Y.), 1973-1979 
Articles and resources
 
References
? Staff, Fund for American Studies’, accessed July 23, 2007.? EARTH University Foundation Board of Trustees, EARTH University, accessed December 8, 2011.? [1] accessed 2011-12-10 
Related SourceWatch articles
 
External resources
 
External articles
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Published on DeSmogBlog (http://www.desmogblog.com) 
Home > Blogs > John Mashey's blog > See No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame OthersSee No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others
By John MasheyCreated 2012-08-20 03:00John Mashey [1]20 August 12 at 3:00amSee No Evil, Speak Little Truth, Break Rules, Blame Others [2]
The "Wegman Report", led by Edward Wegman [8] of George Mason University (GMU) got criticized in 2010's Experts claim 2006 climate report plagiarized [9].  Experts called it "obvious" even "shocking" plagiarism.  GMU's i [10]ncompetent handling, mistreatment of complainants and flawed rulings were mostly documented in March [10], but recent FOIAs [11]expose more [12] untruths.
 
Is the harsh title fair?  Read on, then study the 69-page attachment. [13]
 
GMU Provost Peter Stearns' February letter to GMU faculty [14] made claims of non-plagiarism that contradicted not only experts, but themselves.  The process consumed almost two years to assess four (4) pages of text.  
Stearns' letter was even more untruthful than previously known.  It  fabricated an imaginary second investigation committee, seemingly to somehow excuse crucial contradictions.   This seemed an attempt to defend the Wegman Report at all costs, even with potential problems from Federal [15] agencies who [16] expect schools to handle misconduct properly.  They fund much of GMU's actual research, done by faculty that to the best of my knowledge are normal, credible researchers.
 
However, a few groups in GMU are closely, even uniquely enmeshed with people behind the machinery of anti-science, such as Charles Koch [17], Ken Cuccinelli [18], David Schnare [19], Fred Singer [20], and Pat Michaels [21], plus the Heartland Institute [22] and key Washington think tanks.  GMU even has a long history of tobacco connections, oddly relevant [23].
Following are a few brief summaries to motivate the title's phrases:
 
See No Evil: Via FOIA, the only investigation committee took 200 days to produce a 9-page report.  It ruled on Ray Bradley's three complaints based on Canadian blogger Deep Climate [24]'s early discoveries:
2.5 pages [25] of text [26] mostly from Ray Bradley's book: paraphrasing, not plagiarism although serious plagiarism experts said otherwise long ago.5.5 pages [27] of near-verbatim plagiarism of social networks text: never mentioned.1.5 page [28] subset re-used in later paper: plagiarism, likely unavoidable, since the publisher had forced retraction in May 2011. This is an obvious contradiction.But there was more, found by Deep Climate and others:
Another 70 pages of formally-reported plagiarism, 27 in WR alone, in 6 more articles, half Federally-funded, and four PhD dissertations: never mentioned.Alleged falsification [29] in the Wegman Report: never mentioned.Speak Little truth: GMU VP Roger Stough rarely told complainants much and when he did, he was often wrong or misleading, now seen more clearly by FOIA replies.  Stearns' letter   fabricated committee(s) and processes that never happened, casting doubt on the credibility of anything there.  GMU never informed Ray Bradley of any result.  GMU acknowledged receipt of other complaints, which then seemed to vanish into limbo. Complainants got no status reports.
 
Break Rules: FOIA replies exposed large policy-breaking schedule slips, at best poorly explained, at worst misleading.  GMU ignored its policy of pursuing all significant issues -  Stearns said there were no more investigations.   GMU's seemed to maximize discouragement and stonewalling of external complaints, even from distinguished academics like Ray Bradley or Ohio State's Rob Coleman, an experienced misconduct expert.  One can imagine GMU's handling of internal complaints, especially from junior faculty of students.
 
Blame Others:   GMU violated its "retaliation" policies by making false or misleading claims about Bradley, impugning his reputation and helping incite vitriolic blog attacks against him.   Universities are supposed to guard complainants from retaliation, repair it if need be, not do it themselves.  GMU owes Bradley many apologies.
 
Why would they do this? FOIAs have revealed actions far outside GMU's own policies, the norms of academe and possibly Federal rules.  Big universities are expected to know how to follow misconduct policies, so mere incompetence seems an insufficient explanation, especially with experienced administrators who should know better.
We cannot know exactly what happened, but GMU has some unusual connections that might help explain this.  No explicit pressure need be assumed, but a few parts of GMU are deeply involved in climate anti-science activities, so it is no surprise that something like the Wegman Report was written almost entirely by GMU faculty and students.
 
Funding. Charles Koch is by far the largest single foundation funder for each of GMU Foundation, its Mercatus Center and Institute for Humane Studies [30] (IHS).   His donations to these usually exceeded the research grants of most government agencies. His lieutenant Richard Fink [31] cofounded Mercatus and is a  Director of it and IHS. Koch is a Director of Mercatus and Chairman of IHS. 
 
Money comes from other Koch allies, such as Richard Mellon Scaife [32], Searle Freedom Trust, Earhart Foundation, L&H Bradley and  DONORS Trust+Capital, [23] the second largest foundation giver, which anonymizes the real givers' identities.  The recently-discovered Knowledge and Progress Fund [33] seems to send Koch money only to DONORS.  It is a real money maze
.
Governance. Nancy Mitchell Pfotenhauer [34] is the Vice-Rector of the GMU Board of Visitors. She was a Koch Industries lobbyist and an executive of Americans For Prosperity [35].  The Board also includes Kimberly Dennis [36] (Searle Freedom Trust, DONORS) and Mark McGettrick [37], Executive VP at Dominion Resources, a large utility that has donated well to the campaign of Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, as has Koch Industries.
 
Lawyers. Ken Cuccinelli, his Deputy Wesley Russell and his ex-partner Milton Johns (Wegman's lawyer) [38] all got their JD degrees at GMU in the 1990s.  So did David Schnare, of the American Tradition Institute [39] (ATI), well-known for FOIA harassment of UVA, Michael Mann, James Hansen, Andrew Dessler and Katharine Hayhoe [40].  FOIA has legitimate uses, but can also be employed for harassment.  The reader can decide which these [41] are.
 
Schnare is also an Adjunct Professor who recently taught a GMU course [42]on how to do FOIAs, use the Data Quality Act [43], using this outline [44].  it starts:
'This course is an introduction on how to sue the government when it does what it should not do. Citizens, advocates of small government and Tenth Amendment proponents engage
 
He also offers "externships" to give students practice, via a new 501(c)(3) "public charity," originally (and legally still) the George Mason Environmental Law Clinic. [45]  it is now called the Free Market ELC [46], consisting of him and Chris Horner [47], as at ATI.  He was looking for students [48] to file FOIAs against some Virginia university, likely not GMU.
 
Conclusion. We cannot know whether the strange process and absurd rulings came from overt pressure or implicit GMU culture.  A few parts of GMU form a very large gear in the machinery of anti-science and they defended Wegman at all costs.
 
Public funding of research depends on credibility, of which little is found in GMU's handling of this case.  Maybe it is time for a first-ever institutional debarment from Federal funding until they rebuiild a track record of normal behavior.  Given the credibility problems of key people, this may require outside teams.
 
Finally, people might recall the potential felony issues raised here [49]  and wonder if this process might add more obstruction of justice to the mix.  The old saying may apply: "It's not the crime - it's the cover-up."

 The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic’s purpose is to make lawyers and make (case) law. It is a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable institution working alongside the George Mason University School of Law and other law schools.
The Clinic prosecutes cases that hold governments accountable when they violate their own rules, whether administrative or Constitutional. Central to our strategy is a petition-litigation practice that requires courts to reevaluate prior decisions, hold agencies and government employees to account, and put false science on trial.
In addition to coordinating with legal experts to identify strong plaintiffs, we serve as a clearing-house for expert witnesses, research, amicus briefs, and consultations to like-minded litigators nationwide.
FME Law seeks to provide a counter-weight to the litigious environmental movement that fosters an economically destructive regulatory regime in the United States. The environmental movement’s litigation strategy is particularly troublesome. Since the beginning of the movement in the 1970s, eight major litigating environmental organizations have filed more than 3,250 cases and EarthJustice alone has nearly 150 cases pending. Radical environmentalism has also taken over the classroom. The number of activist environmental law clinics – over 30. The number of free-market environmental law clinics – one, ours.

gmu 
 
LitigationThe FME Law Clinic provides litigation and research services to qualified clients.  We concentrate on cases involving landmark free-market pro-environmental litigation; use of open records and data quality laws to force greater governmental accountability and transparency; and, cases that allow the Clinic to help create the next generation of free market oriented attorneys.  The Clinic has paired with the American Tradition Institute in order to prosecute three cases, described below.  In addition, the Clinic has an active Freedom of Information Act practice.  Current FOIAs are also listed below.  At the bottom of this page is a brief description of new litigation the Clinic is contemplating pursuing.
 Active Cases
Occoquan Watershed Coalition v. EPA
FME Law is representing the Occoquan Watershed Coalition (OWC ) in a law suit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The OWC alleges that EPA has violated the Tenth Amendment by imposing a water quantity standard on Virginia and Fairfax County that will cost as much as $225 Million. If the County is forced to spend that much money on a single watershed, it will mean not one of the other 29 watersheds in the County will receive funds for their restoration, including the eight watersheds in the OWC’s territory.
real site: http://www.pwconserve.org/issues/occoquan/
The Occoquan Reservoir is currently listed on Virginia's Dirty Water List. The concerns include high levels of phosphorous, turbidity, low dissolved oxygen, the presence of copper sulfate and the growing presence of pharmaceuticals. These water quality problems are directly linked to human land uses, including a growing population and poor management of development patterns in the Occoquan Watershed.
However, due to variations in data collection protocols between the EPA and Virginia Tech's Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Lab, the Occoquan Reservoir is listed only for aquatic life impairments. Concerns about the presence of copper sulfate, added to Reservoir waters to prevent algae blooms (caused by high phosphorous levels), were discussed but not included in the final 2004 dirty waters list.
Growth and development means that many acres of wetlands and forests are replaced by roads and rooftops. Natural filters are replaced with land surfaces that feed pollutants into the air, water and soil.
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The Occoquan Reservoir is an important drinking water supply for more than one million people who live and work in Northern Virginia. The Occoquan Reservoir supplies about 40% of the clean drinking water for 1.7 million people and, in an emergency, can supply the whole demand.
Over half Prince William's total county population, located generally in the eastern portion of the county, depends on the Occoquan Reservoir for about 17 million gallons of clean drinking water each day. West Prince William and Fairfax residents drink a mix of water from the Occoquan Reservoir and the Potomac River, making it difficult to tell where the water is from on any given day.
American Tradition Institute v. University of Virginia(records of Dr. Michael Mann, Freedom of Information Act Petition filed May 16, 2011)
American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center and Virginia Delegate Robert Marshall asked a Prince William County judge, under the Commonwealth’s Freedom of Information Act, to expedite the release of documents withheld by the University of Virginia that pertain to the work of its former environmental sciences assistant professor Dr. Michael Mann. The legal action followed a delay by UVA of more than four months since ATI and Del. Marshall made their original request on Jan. 6.  Twelve months after the initial request the matter remains in court with UVA seeking to deny the public copies of emails for which they paid.
The court has ordered the parties to identify exemplar emails that will serve as the basis for legal challenges to UVA’s refusal to release 12,000 emails that chronicle the history of keystone efforts in the early climate change alarmism. We expect this matter will end up in the Supreme Court of Virginia and if successful its discovery and production will prove invaluable to energy policymaking at the state and federal levels domestically, as well as internationally.
American Tradition Institute v. State of Colorado, et al. (filed April 4, 2011)
American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center filed a lawsuit in federal court challenging the constitutionality of Colorado’s Renewable Energy Standard, based upon evidence that the state’s law violates the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Commerce Clause reserves the regulation of interstate commerce to the federal government.
The court has under consideration a motion for the Sierra Club to intervene, as well as a challenge to ATI’s standing. The next phase of the case will be extensive discovery followed by motions for summary judgment. The case is expected to be appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit.
In Re Accotink Creek TMDL – a Data Quality Act challenge to EPA’s Clean Water Act over-regulation of a local stream.  EPA was forced to drop a major element of the TMDL that has been used nationally to directly replace local land use planning and controls.
 Resolved Cases
 American Tradition Institute v. National Aeronautics and Space Administration(records of Dr. James Hansen, Freedom of Information Act Petition filed June 21, 2011)
 On June 21, 2011 American Tradition Institute’s Environmental Law Center filed a lawsuit in federal district court in the District of Columbia to force NASA to release ethics records for Dr. Hansen. The action followed NASA’s denial of ATI’s federal Freedom of Information Act request with NASA, seeking records detailing whether and how ‘global warming’ activist Dr. James Hansen of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) has complied with applicable federal ethics and financial disclosure laws and regulations, and NASA Rules of Behavior.
 This case forced NASA and the U.S. Office of Governmental Ethics to change its policy on release of public documents as well as how NASA and others implement their ethics responsibilities (poorly). It has resulted in an ongoing investigation by the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Operations.
 
FOIA Actions
§  University of Virginia – Requested Mann emails associated with his academic duties. This matter is now before a Virginia Circuit Court for failure of UVA to meet its responsibilities under the Virginia FOIA and to challenge the University’s claims that 12,000 emails are exempt from FOIA. Mann has entered the case as a party (defendant). As of early 2012 we are in motions practice on our effort to proceed to discovery.
§  University of Virginia – Requested Michael Mann’s research logs or the written authorization allowing Mann to take his log upon his departure from UVA. The University responded stating it did not have a log and had no release authorization. UVA also refused to inquire as to whether Mann actually kept a research log. As such, FME Law has effectively established that he kept no research log which is why no one, including Mann, can duplicate the research underpinning his infamous Hockey Stick-shaped reconstruction of global temperature.
§  University of Virginia – Requested evidence that 15 faculty members who engaged in publishing peer-reviewed scientific papers actually kept research logs associated with that research. The University requires faculty to maintain such logs so that others can duplicate the research using the exact same methods. Of the 15, only one research log was found, and it belonged to a clinical assistant. Not one faculty member appears to have kept a research log.
§  George Mason University – Requested and received the Wegman records sought by USA Today, thereby establishing what is proper, and what are disparate, implementation practices under Virginia’s FOI law by different universities or, arguably, depending on the published views of the subject of the FOI request. Professor Wegman’s emails document the validity of the deconstruction of the Mann Hockey Stick.
§  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – Requested Jim Hansen’s ethics compliance records regarding outside employment and other activity. We established that Dr. Hansen received approximately ten times his salary in gifts, outside employment and speaking fees, all as a result of his environmental advocacy. Should he choose to testify again in Congress he now has specific, troubling questions to answer. His records show he and his supervisors failed to properly follow the NASA ethics requirements.  On behalf of ATI Law, the FME Law Clinic filed to force release of the records in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.  NASA settled the matter, releasing all records sought, and we are in the fee-recovery stage of this litigation.
§  Harvard-Smithsonian – Requested records provided Greenpeace regarding correspondence associated with the Soon/Baliunas. These were received in a timely fashion. Soon and Baliunas published a landmark paper debunking the argument that the Medieval Warming Period was only a Northern Hemisphere phenomena, showing it was a global event.
§  Harvard-Smithsonian – Requested additional correspondence reflecting the efforts revealed in “Climategate” emails to seek the dismissal of Soon and Baliunas in response to their having published particular research. These documents have not been produced on a timely basis and may require litigation to free them.
§  National Science Foundation – Requested Verardo/Mann correspondence. Mann refused to release fundamental data and results used to support his Hockey Stick temperature reconstruction. When the same data was sought from the National Science Foundation, who provided the grant for Mann’s research, NSF’s Verardo refused to provide the data. ATI sought the email correspondence between Mann and Verardo associated with this matter. NSF claimed it possessed no such records though on appeal FME Law provided certain responsive correspondence which is already publically available on the internet, and noted our ability to establish the existence of more. FME Law appealed this response. NSF’s responded on January 19, 2012 seeking a ten-day extension to consult internally, as is permitted by statute.
§  National Science Foundation – Requested additional documents associated with the Verardo/Mann discussions on disclosure of Mann’s data. After invoking statutory authority for a ten-day extension to consult internally, as the request seeks certain records produced by the general counsel’s office, NSF promised a response by February 2, 2012.
§  National Science Foundation – Requested other Verardo/Mann Correspondence during the time of NAS panel on climate change for a broader window of time than the original request sought.  NSF has promised a response by January 25, 2012.
§  University of Arizona – Requested correspondence among Hughes, Mann and Overpeck associated with efforts to have journal editors fired on the basis that they accepted papers critical of Mann. UofA has acknowledged receipt of the FOIA but has not responded and are under no specific statutory time constraint. This may require litigation to force production in a reasonable period of time.
§  U.S. Department of Justice – Requested copies of documents associated with the release of emails from the University of East Anglia (Climategate), beginning in 2009 and through the recent British criminal investigation, in which DOJ has participated. A response was due on January 19, 2012.
§  Texas Tech – Requested documents of erstwhile “climate” chapter contributor Professor Katharine Hayhoe to, from and citing Newt Gingrich, and his forthcoming book on environmental issues.  The University refused to produce the documents, producing one redacted email affirming Hayhoe was indeed engaged by Gingrich’s co-author to produce the chapter, as well as the chapter’s inclusion in the book as of December 7, 2011, despite Gingrich claims to the contrary days later.  FME Law has appealed this unlawful redaction and filed a complaint with the Texas Attorney General regarding TTU’s admission that they violated the Texas transparency laws by failing to seek the AG’s approval before withholding responsive information. FME Law requested the AG compel TTU to produce responsive records, and submitted a second request going back to the date of the first request for Hayhoe’s chapter, in 2007.
§  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Requested copies of policies and internal guidance on how the agency processes citizen petitions authorized under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This is the first step in a planned examination on whether EPA processes petitions from those it endorses as compared to those who criticize the agency.
 
Prospective Cases
ATI v. US. Forest Service – ATI is seeking support for, and asked FME Law to prepare, a FOIA, Endangered Species Act and Data Quality Act petition-litigation action to force full implementation of National Forest Management Plans that require logging in order to prevent forest fires that causing destruction of endangered species habitat and which would also create new timber and mill jobs and reinvigorate a moribund national timber industry.
A Association v. EPA – The FME Law Clinic is preparing a petition-litigation action to force EPA to revise rules costing over $60 billion and which fail to properly target the actual source of harmful PM2.5 air pollutants, regulating industries that do not contribute to the hazard and failing to regulate some that do.
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News & Press ReleasesPress Release01/04/2013 - Court Decision on Accotink Creek Fails to Solve the Problem
On behalf of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition and the Springfield District Council, the FME Law Clinic filed a motion for summary judgment that asks the Court to declare that EPA does not have authority to force either Virginia or Fairfax County to implement a Total Maximum Daily Limit for nonpoint source water pollutants, much less one that neither can afford.
The press release is available here: 2013-1-4 MSJ filing press release
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bs
David W. Schnare, Esq. Ph.D. is an attorney and scientist with 33 years of federal and private sector experience consulting on and litigating local, state, federal and international environmental legislative, regulatory, risk management and free-market environmentalism issues. [PhD -University of North Carolina 1979, Juris Doctor Cum Laude-George Mason University School of Law 1999)
Formerly the nation’s Chief Regulatory Analyst for Small Business (Office of Small Business Advocacy), Dr. Schnare has experience on Congressional Staff, as a trial lawyer with the Department of Justice and the Office of the Virginia Attorney General, as senior enforcement counsel at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and as an appellate attorney for private clients. He is a member of the Bars of the United States Supreme Court, U.S. Courts of Appeal for the Second and Fourth Circuits, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.
Dr. Schnare is an administrative law specialist and currently serves on the ABA’s Administrative Law Council and as Deputy Chairman of the Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice Section’s Continuing Education Committee. His practice has included a federal, state and local caseload. He maintains an active program of academic research supporting local and state legislative initiatives and has federal regulatory experience with EPA, OSHA, IRS, NMFS, NOAA, FDA, HRSA, ATSDR, CDC, FAA, Bu. Rec., BLM, MMS, FWS, and the Corps of Engineers. In addition to his position as a Senior Attorney in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Dr. Schnare is a Senior Fellow of the Thomas Jefferson Institute of Public Policy. He has served as a Director of the George Mason University School of Law Alumni Association Board, and serves as Director of the Occoquan Watershed Coalition and as Chairman of the Coalition’s Environment and Land Use Committee.
In addition to legal responsibilities, Dr. Schnare has managed EPA’s Office of Ground-Water and Drinking Water Economic, Legislative and Policy Analysis Branch and has made contributions on a variety of environmental policy issues, as reflected in his published works. He is the author and editor of 55 books, chapters and major articles on environmental management, policy and law, which include:
“Market-Based Solutions to Chesapeake Bay Clean-Up”, a two-part analysis of funding needs and options, prepared at the request of the Virginia Legislature, Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy. (2005)
“Inevitable Growth”, American Chamber of Commerce Executives 2001 Management Symposium, March 15, 2001.
“Environmental Rationality and Judicial Review: When Benefits Justify Costs Under the Safe Drinking Water Amendments of 1996”, 5 Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy (1) 65. (1998)
“The Stewardship Ethic - Resolving the Environmental Dilemma” in Environmental Risk Decision Making, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton. (1996)
“Evaluating Engineering to Ensure a Sustainable Environment” in Cleaner Production - Environmental and Economic Perspectives Springer-Verlang, Berlin. (1996)
"Raid on Sanity: Policy and Economic Analysis of Radionuclide Removal from Drinking Water” in Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water Lewis Pub., Chelsea, Michigan. (1990)
Chemical Contamination and Its Victims: The Scientific, Legal and Medical Challenge, (Ed. Schnare, David W. and Katzman, M.) Quorum Press, Westport, Conn. (1989) 
 
Lawyer in Climate Science Case May Have Broken Ethics RulesDid a climate change denying attorney at the EPA mislead his bosses?—By Kate Sheppard| Tue Oct. 9, 2012 3:00 AM PDTLast month, the University of Virginia won a legal battle to protect the private emails of one of its former researchers. The records had been requested by a group critical of the scientific consensus on global warming.The close of the 20-month public records fight brought interesting documents to light—including some suggesting that one of the group's lawyers had misrepresented his employment status, and had been fighting the case while working a federal job, a potential violation of ethics rules.
On September 17, Judge Paul Sheridan of the Prince William County Circuit Court ruled that the Virginia Freedom of Information Act did not apply to data and records created in the course of scholarship. The decision barred the American Tradition Institute, a "free-market"-minded think tank, from accessing the emails of Michael Mann, a well-known climate scientist who previously worked at the University of Virginia.
Mann, now the director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, is the co-author of a widely-cited paper that included the so-called "hockey stick" chart documenting the uptick of global temperatures in the industrial age.
His work has long made him the subject of attacks from climate change deniers. But things ramped up in 2009 when over one thousand stolen emails between climate scientists, including some sent by Mann, were released. While at least nine academic and governmental investigations have exonerated the scientists, climate skeptics argued that the emails revealed a conspiracy to fix data, most notably around his famous chart. In the wake of that kerfuffle, others have sought to access Mann's inbox through legal means.
In 2010, a judge rebuffed a subpoena from Virginia Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, a Republican and a climate change skeptic, for Mann's emails. Then in January 2011, ATImade its request under the state's open records law, on behalf of itself and state Delegate Robert Marshall, another vocal climate change critic. University of Virginia, ATI, andMann's lawyer have been wrangling over the information ever since.
ATI has offices in Colorado and Washington, DC, and is closely affiliated with the American Tradition Partnership, a 501(c)4 that bills itself as "a no-compromise grassroots organization dedicated to fighting the radical environmentalist agenda." As the Institute for Southern Studies has documented, both groups and the people involved with them have extensive ties to energy interests and have led other attacks on climate science and renewable energy.
ATI's network includes very well-known climate deniers, like Chris Horner, who serves as the director of litigation for ATI's Environmental Law Center. He's also a senior fellow at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and a frequent contributor to right-wing blogs. The director of ATI's Environmental Law Center, David Schnare, worked at the Environmental Protection Agency for 33 years, most recently as a senior attorney.
In ATI's suit seeking Mann's emails, those two lawyers argued that the work—including the email correspondence—of any scientist at a state university or federal agency should be subject to open records laws.
In May 2011, UVA and ATI had entered into a protective order that would have allowed ATI's lawyers—Schnare and Horner—to review the records in order to contest their withholding, on the condition that the information not be shared. UVA president Teresa Sullivan said the school would use "all available exemptions" to protect academic freedom.
According to Megan Rhyne, the executive director of the Virginia Coalition for Open Government, this arrangement allowing ATI's attorneys full review of the documents was very unusual. And the university was particularly troubled that Horner and Schnare were ATI officials who were deeply involved in anti-climate science circles, and not merely hired outside counsel. With the risk that they might share information in the documents in mind, in October 2011, UVA's lawyer filed an affidavit with the court, citing "disturbingly inaccurate" information in the press that seemed to have originated with Schnare and Horner about the protective order. They also noted that Delegate Marshall, who was not permitted to see the claimed exemptions, had told the Washington Times that he wanted "to look at what they've given us and examine what they've withheld and see why it's been withheld," which would be a clear violation of the terms of the protective order.
The school asked to modify the order noting it had "developed increasing concerns about the reasonableness of its agreement to allow these two individuals access to exempt records." The school feared that the pair would not review the documents as disinterested legal experts, but would use the information to advance the political mission of ATI and to attack Mann. In its request to modify the order, UVA also noted additional information they'd received since May that had raised alarms about whether ATI's lawyers were being entirely honest. In particular, the school felt that Schnare had misrepresented himself by claiming that he had already left his job at the EPA when this order was issued back in May. In fact, Schnare noted in an email to UVA's lawyers dated September 29, 2011 (included as Exhibit 21 here) that he was only leaving his job the next day—September 30.
Working for ATI while at EPA isn't in itself a problem, necessarily: ethics rules allow federal lawyers to do pro bono work, provided they receive permission and that they only conduct that business outside of work hours and work facilities.
In court documents, Schnare says he sought prior permission from the EPA. But UVA provided the court a letter from the EPA that, while acknowledging such a memo from Schnare, says its first record of that memo is also from September 2011—when Schnare provided it in response to a media request, and after Schnare had been seeking the documents on ATI's behalf for nine months. The EPA's letter (included as Exhibit 26 here) raises some questions regarding his approval request:
The request for approval of the outside activity was purportedly prepared by Mr. Schnare on or about November 16, 2010, but neither his Deputy Ethics Official nor his Assistant Deputy Ethics Official has any record of receiving it or approving this request to engage in outside activity.In its court filing, UVA raises concerns that Schnare's letter "may have been prepared after the fact." The university's lawyers also note that the memo refers to the American Tradition Institute, even though at the time that memo had purportedly been drafted the organization was actually known as the "Western Tradition Institute." UVA's filing goes on to note that even if Schnare did have permission from EPA, "he frequently and consistently communicated with counsel for the University and its Public Records officer during regular weekday business hours," and provides time stamped emails to back up that assertion.
UVA concludes in its filing that:
University counsel can no longer defend their willingness to entrust tens of thousands of pages of personal, scholarly, and research communications from Professor Mann and other scientists to two individuals who have regrettably provided far too many reasons to doubt that their words may be trusted.ATI responded with a filing disparaging UVA's argument as a discourteous and "error-filled personal attack." It argued that his request had been properly filed but lost in the EPA bureaucracy, and provided a computer printout purporting to show that the document had been created in November 2010 (exhibit 5). While ATI's response includes a copy of the contested permission memo where Schnare pledges not to do any work on the case using EPA equipment or during working hours, it does not address UVA's time stamped emails suggesting he may have. Nor does it address the issue of the American Tradition Institute's name change. (The EPA's press office did not respond to multiple requests to comment on Schnare's employment status and permission to do outside work.)
Schnare insisted in an interview with Mother Jones that he had proper authorization to litigate the email case. "I had permission to do legal work outside of work that did not directly involve the EPA or issues in front of the EPA and this is one of them," he said. He added that the work was pro bono and insisted it was done outside of his day job.
While the court's ruling on Mann's emails didn't touch on ATI's motivations or Schnare's employment, the legal record suggests that ATI's own lawyer may have been working on the case while at has taxpayer-funded EPA job. Wherever and whenever Schnare did his lawyering, ATI's main argument for why they should have had access the emails was to "fulfill the public's right to know how taxpayer-funded employees use the taxpayer's resources."
Peter Fontaine, the lawyer representing Mann in the case, called the court's decision a victory for science. "Scientists and public universities across the United States are under attack by industry-funded attack groups who seek to confuse the public about the scientific facts on climate change," he said. "But rather than engage in an honest debate over the facts, such groups attempt to chill scientific research itself by using public records laws to tie-up faculty and university resources by filing FOIA requests seeking faculty correspondence, which they want to 'crowd-source' on the world wide web."
Schnare told Mother Jones that the group will most likely appeal the decision to the Virginia Supreme Court. In the meantime, ATI has broadened its records-law tactic to include the emails of other prominent climate scientists like Texas A&M University's Andrew Dessler and Texas Tech's Katharine Hayhoe, including their correspondence with reporters. Environmental and academic groups, as well as other climate scientists, say ATI is again using this tool to intimidate and burden scientists.
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FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
ALEXANDRIA DIVISION
The American Tradition Institute
Environmental Law Center
 9033 Brook Ford Rd.
 Burke, VA 22015
Plaintiffs,
v.
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC 20460, 
Defendants.
Civil Action No. 
DECLARATION OF DAVID W. SCHNARE
I, David W. Schnare, under penalty of perjury and in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1746, 
declare as follows:
1. I reside at 9033 Brook Ford Road, Burke Virginia 22015 and make this 
Declaration based upon my personal experience. 
2. My parents selected my name, David, to honor the last male relative to die before 
my birth. That man’s name was David Steiner, a Jew who died in Buchenwald concentration 
camp on May 3, 1945, 21 days after the camp was liberated. Tattooed on his body was the 
number 59059. See, http://www.buchenwald.de/totenbuch/. 
3. German physicians conducted large-scale human experimentation at Buchenwald.
Some 729 inmates were used as test subjects, of whom 154 died. This human experimentation 
http://eelegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/2012-09-11-Schnare-Declaration.pdf
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  DENIERFUNDER$FRONTSPOLITICIANSINDUSTRIE$LOBBYIST$MEDIAFLACKSHACKSDIRTY TRICKSREVOLVING DOORAboutWanderShareArrange Thoughts byPreferencesTag reportNameTypeUnlinkTagsThought TypeCreate ChildCreate JumpCreate ParentRenameForgetSet as Home ThoughtCreate PinRemove Pin

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https://www.citizenaudit.org/451602963/
Doing what the IRS won't:The finances of the tax-free... freed.CitizenAudit.orgEmpowering everyone to investigate nonprofitsNot logged in. Please sign in or sign up. SEARCHDigitized docsABOUTThis projectHOW-TOSleuthing 990sSIGN UPPlans/pricingBULK DATADownloads
GEORGE MASON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CLINIC AKA FREE MARKET ENVIRONMENTL LAW CLINIC2012 EO (Filed 2013/06) (Searchable text)Hint: Use your browser's Find function (CTRL-F) on this page to find text appearing in any of these PDFs.Structured dataNEW: Download a spreadsheet with up to 500 fields of structured data for this organizationBasic info - 2013EIN 451602963 Name GEORGE MASON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CLINICContact % DAVID SCHNARE Address 9033 BROOK FORD RDCity BURKE State VAZip 22015-3614 Ruling date 201109Tax period 201212 Assets 78,469Income 172,888 Revenue 172,888Deductability Contributions are deductible Foundation descrip Organization which receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or the general public 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)Subsection Charitable Organization Activity descrip Exempt descrip Professional Societies, AssociationsSelect 2013 structured dataTax period 201,212 Contributions, gifts, grants, etc received 172,888Total revenue 172,888 Total expenses 141,322Excess or deficit 31,566 Other changes in net assets 35,000Net assets EOY 78,469 Total assets e-o-y 78,469Total net worth e-o-y 78,469 Reason for non-PF status 9Gifts grants membership fees received (509) 200,833 Public support subtotal (509) 200,833Public support from line 6 (509) 200,833 Total support (509) 200,833Searchable form textText from 2012 EO 990 (filed 2013/06), extracted with optical character recognition (see PDF)JUN Ti 4 23%}

SCANNED

Form 990-EZ

Department of the Treasury
lntemal Revenue Service

Short Form
Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax

Under section 501 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code
(except black lung benet trust or private foundation)

at the end of the year may use this form.

The organimtion may have to use a copy of this return to satisfy state reporting requirements.

sponsoring organizations of donor advised funds, organizations that operate one or more hospital facilities
and certain controlling organizations as dened in section 512(b)(13) must le Form 990 (see instructions).
All other organizations with gross receipts less than $200,000 and total assets less than $500,000

OMB No. 1545-1150

Open to Public
Inspection

A For the 2012 calendar year, or tax year beginning January 1 2012, and ending December 31 20

B check it applicable 0 Name of organization D Employer identication number

D "a"9 George Mason Environmental Law Clinic aka Free Market Environment] Law Clinic 4541502963

E Name change Number and street (or P 0 box, if mail is not delivered to street address) R000)/Suite E Telephone number

D  9033 Brook Ford Rd 511-243-7975

D Amended mum city or town, state or country, and ZIP 4 F Group Exemption

El Appiicauonpenciing Burke, VA 22015-3614 Number 

G Accounting Method: Cash E Accrual Other (specify) H Check if the organization is not
I Website: required to attach Schedule B

J Tax-exempt status (check only one)  501(c)(3) 501(c)( 4 gnsen no) [j 4947(a)(1) or 527 (Form 990. 990-EZ. or 990-PF).

K Check 

B

if the organization is not a section 509(a)(3) supporting organization or a section 527 organization and its gross receipts are nonnally

not more than $50,000. A Fonn 990-EZ or Fonn 990 return is not required though Form 990-N (e-postcard) may be required (see instructions). But if
the organization chooses to le a return, be sure to le a complete return.
L Add lines 5b. 6c, and 7b, to line 9 to determine gross receipts. If gross receipts are $200,000 or more, or if total assets (Part ll,
line 25, column (B) below) are $500,000 or more, le Form 990 instead of Fonn 990-EZ

Revenue, Expenses, and Changes in Net Assets or Fund Balances (see the instruct







ions for Part I)

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the separate instructions.

Cat No. 10642l

Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part I .
1 Contributions, gifts, grants, and similar amounts received . 1 $172,333
2 Program service revenue including government fees and contracts 2 o
3 Membership dues and assessments . 3 0
4 Investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0
5a Gross amount from sale of assets other than inventory 5a 0
b Less: cost or other basis and sales expenses . . . . . . . . 5b 0
c Gain or (loss) from sale of assets other than inventory (Subtract line 5b from line 5a) . . . 5c 
6 Gaming and fundraising events 
0 a Gross income from gaming (attach Schedule G if greater than 0
2 $15,000).  lea] ggo 8
g b Gross income from fundraising events (not including 0 of contnbutiong  1 5  b
from fundraising events reported on line 1) (attach Schedule G if the g
sum of such gross income and contributions exceeds $15,000) . ab 04 
c Less: direct expenses from gaming and fundraising events 6c  
d Net income or (loss) from gaming and fundraising events (add lines 6a and 6b and subtract
line6c)  .. ed 0
7a Gross sales of inventory, less returns and allowances 7a 0
b Less: cost of goods sold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7b 0
c Gross profit or (loss) from sales of inventory (Subtract line 7b from line 7a) 7c 0
8 Other revenue (describe in Schedule Total revenue. Add lines $172,333
10 Grants and similar amounts paid (list in Schedule 0) 10 0
11 Benefits paid to or for members . . . . . . . 11 0
3 12 Salaries, other compensation, and employee benefits . . 12 0
2 13 Professional fees and other payments to independent contractors . 13 $130,354
3 14 Occupancy, rent, utilities, and maintenance 14 $1,383
In 15 Printing, publications, postage, and shipping . 15 $1,291
16 Other expenses (describe in Schedule $7,788
17 Total expenses. Add lines 10 through $141,322
18 Excess or (deficit) for the year (Subtract line 17 from line s3Lses
E 19 Net assets or fund balances at beginning of year (from line 27, column (must agree with
3: end-ofyear gure reported on prior year's retum311.903
20 Other changes in net assets or fund balances (explain in Schedule 0) . . 20 @000
z 21 Net assets or fund balances at end of year. Combine lines 18 through $78,469

Form 990-EZ (2012)

51

 


CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0003


Form 990-52 (2012)

Balance Sheets (see the instructions for Part II)

Page 2

Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part (A) Beginning of year (B) End of year
22 Cash, savings, and investments $11,903 22 $43,439
23 Land and buildingsOther assets (describe in Schedule 0) 0 24 $35,000
25 Total assets . . . . . . . . . $11,903 25 $78,489
26 Total liabilities (describe in Schedule Net assets or fund balances (line 27 of column (B) must agree with line 21) 511393 27 313,459
Statement of Program Service Accomplishments (see the instructions for Part Expenses
Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part (neqwed ,,Sec,,n

What is the organization's primary exempt purpose?

Charitable law clinic

Describe the organization's program service accomplishments for each of its three largest program services,
as measured by expenses. In a clear and concise manner, describe the services provided, the number of
persons benefited, and other relevant information for each program title.

501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4)
organizations and section
4947(a)(1) trusts, optional
for others)

28

29

31

32

Litigation, Sewing clients unable to otherwise protect their interests, or broad social interests, providing
law students litigation experience. See Schedule 0 for case specic information

(Grants $115,000) If this amount includes foreign grants, check here 

$97,162

Legal Research Publications: Major academic publication was a legal "nutshell" treatise entitled

j'l_rgtecting Federalism and state Sovereignty. In addition, preparation of a full 3 credit course on federalism
litigation consisting of 14 99_gr_i_inute lectures

(Grants $35,000) If this amount includes foreigrrants, check here F El

335.893

Student trainingand course lecturir_ig,f_9urteen 90 min. lectures as adjunct professor at George Mason U.
School of Law: _J_hn Locke lecture on Wind energy and the 
SPN Energy session Convener 6 hour (full day) session as moderator and presentor (40 participants)
(Grants $0.00) If this amount includes foreign grants, check here

>l:l

30a 8609

Other program services (describe in Schedule (Grants so) If this amount includes foreiglgrants, check here

31 a so

L 1:1
Total program service expenses (add lines 28a through 31aList of Ofcers, Directors, Tnistees, and Key Employees List each one even
Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part IV

if not compensated (see the instructions for Part IV)

El

Reportable Health benets,
compensation
(Forms 
(if not paid, enter -0-)

Average
hours per week
devoted to position

ta) Name and we benefit plans, and

deferred compensation

contributions to employee Estimated amount of

other compensation

David W. Schnare

Law Clinic Director and Board Director 30 $55,000 $0 $0
Steven Gold

Board Director 0.2 $0 $0 $0
Michael Thompson

Board Director 0.2 $0 $0 $0
Christopher Homer

Litigation attorney 20 $60,449 $0 $0

Form 990-EZ (2012)


CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0004Form 990-EZ (2012) Page 3

Other Information (Note the Schedule A and personal benefit contract statement requirements in the
instructions for Part V) Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part V . D

Yes No

33 Did the organization engage in any significant activity not previously reported to the If Yes," provide a

detailed description of each activity in Schedule Were any signicant changes made to the organizing or governing documents? If Yes," attach a conformed

copy of the amended documents if they reflect a change to the organization's name. Otherwise, explain the

change on Schedule 0 (see instructions35a Did the organization have unrelated business gross income of $1,000 or more during the year from business

activities (such as those reported on lines 2, 6a, and 7a, among othersYes, to line 35a, has the organization led a Fomi 990T for the year? If No, provide an explanation in Schedule 0 35b
c Was the organization a section 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), or 501(c)(6) organization subject to section 6033(e) notice,
reporting, and proxy tax requirements during the year? if "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part Ill . . . . . 35
36 Did the organization undergo a liquidation, dissolution, termination, or significant disposition of net assets
during the year? if Yes," complete applicable parts of Schedule 37a Enter amount of political expenditures, direct or indirect, as described in the instructions D 37a I so
b Did the organization file Form 1120-POL for this year37b
38a Did the organization borrow from, or make any loans to, any officer, director, tmstee, or key employee or were
any such loans made in a prior year and still outstanding at the end of the tax year covered by this return? . 333
b If Yes," complete Schedule L, Part II and enter the total amount involved . . . . 38b
39 Section 501(c)(7) organizations. Enter:
a Initiation fees and capital contributions included on line Gross receipts, included on line 9, for public use of club facilities . . . . . . . 39b
40a Section 501(c)(3) organizations. Enter amount of tax imposed on the organization during the year unden
section 4911 D so section 4912 D so section 4955 D so
b Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations. Did the organization engage in any section 4958 excess benefit
transaction during the year, or did it engage in an excess benet transaction in a prior year that has not been
reported on any of its prior Forms 990 or If Yes, complete Schedule L, Part Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations. Enter amount of tax imposed on
organization managers or disqualified persons during the year under sections 4912,

8.



4955, and 4958Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations. Enter amount of tax on line 40c
reimbursed by the organization . . . . . . . D 50

e All organizations. At any time during the tax year, was the organization a party to a prohibited tax shelter

transaction? If Yes," complete Form 8886List the states with which a copy of this return is filed D None
42a The organization's books are in care of D o.w. Schnare Telephone no. D 
Located at D 9033 Brook Ford Rd, Burke, VA ZIP 4 D 22015-3614
b At any time during the calendar year, did the organization have an interest u3'E;r a signature or other authority over Yes No
a nancial account in a foreign country (such as a bank account, securities account, or other financial account)? 42b 
If Yes," enter the name of the foreign country: D
See the instructions for exceptions and filing requirements for Fomi TD F 90-22.1, Report of Foreign Bank
and Financial Accounts.
c At any time during the calendar year, did the organization maintain an office outside the . . . . . 42c 
lf Yes," enter the name of the foreign country: D
43 Section 4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable filing Form 990-EZ in lieu of Form 1041 Check here . . . . . . D 
and enter the amount of tax-exempt interest received or accrued during the tax year . . . . . D I 43 I
Yes No
44a Did the organization maintain any donor advised funds during the year? if Yes," Form 990 must be
completedinsteadof Form990-EZDid the organization operate one or more hospital facilities during the yeaf? If Yes, Form 990 must be
completedinsteadofFonn990EZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44b 
c Did the organization receive any payments for indoor tanning services during the yearline 44c, has the organization filed a Form 720 to report these payments? If provide an
44;;
45a Did the organization have a controlled entity within the meaning of section 512(b)(1345b Did the organization receive any payment from or engage in any transaction with a controlled entity within the
meaning of section 512(b)(13)? If Yes," Form 990 and Schedule R may need to be completed instead 455 

Form 990-EZ (2012)


CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0005Fonn 990-52 (2012) Page 4

Yes No
46 Did the organization engage, directly or indirectly, in political campaign activities on behalf of or in opposition
to candidates for public office? If "Yes," complete Schedule C, Part Section 501 organizations only
All section 501(c)(3) organizations must answer questions 4749b and 52, and complete the tables for lines

50 and 51
Check if the organization used Schedule 0 to respond to any question in this Part Did the organization engage in lobbying activities or have a section 501(h) election in effect during the tax
year? If Yes, complete Schedule C, Part the organization a school as described in section If Yes," complete Schedule 49a Did the organization make any transfers to an exempt non-charitable related organizationYes, was the related organization a section 527 organizationComplete this table for the organization's ve highest compensated employees (other than officers, directors, trustees and key
employees) who each received more than $100,000 of compensation from the organization. If there is none, enter None.

Health benets,
Name and title of each employee Average M Reportame contributions to employee (9) Estimated amount of
paid more than $100 000 hours per week compensamn benefit lans and deferred other com ensation
devoted to position (Forms p
None
f Total number of other employees paid over $100,000 . . . . 0

51 Complete this table for the organization's five highest compensated independent contractors who each received more than
$100,000 of compensation from the organization. If there is none, enter "None."

 

Name and address of each independent contractor paid more than $100,000 Type of service Compensation
None
d Total number of other independent contractors each receiving over $100,000 . . 0

52 Did the organization complete Schedule Note: All section 501(c)(3) organizations and 4947(a)(1)
nonexempt charitable trusts must attach a completed Schedule etum, including accompanying schedules and statements, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is
- ofcer) is based on all information of which preparer has any knowledge

i
Sign  ure 0 er Date 2
H876 David W. Schnare, Director 5  M  

Type or print name and title

 
 

Under penalties ofoewf eclare 
true, correct, and complete clareti
I

Paid punt/Type prepam.-S name Preparer's signature Date check D If 
Preparer 
use only Firrn's name D Fin'n's EIN 
Finn's address Phone no.
May the IRS discuss this return with the preparer shown above? See instructions . . . . . . . . . . Yes [3 No

Form 990-EZ (2012)


CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0006SCHEDULE A
(Form 990 or 990-EZ)

OMB No. 1545-0047

Public charity Status and Public Support

Complete if the organization is a section 501(c)(3) organization or a section
4947(a)(1) nonexempt charitable trust.

D Attach to Form 990 or Form 990-EZ. See separate instructions.

Open to Public
Inspection
Employer identiwtion number

Department of the Treasury
lntemal Revenue Service

Name of the organization

Geor e Mason Environmental Law Clinic aka Free Market Environrrientl Law Clinic 45-1602963

meason for Public Charity Status (All organizations must complete this part.) See instructions.
The organization is not a private foundation because it is: (For lines 1 through 11, check only one box.)
1 I:l A church, convention of churches, or association of churches described in section 
2 Cl A school described in section (Attach Schedule E.)
3 A hospital or a cooperative hospital service organization described in section 
4 A medical research organization operated in conjunction with a hospital described in section Enter the
hospital's name, city, and state:
An organization operated for the benet of a college or university owned or operated by a governmental unit described in
section (Complete Part II.)

A federal, state. or local government or governmental unit described in section 

An organization that nonnally receives a substantial part of its support from a governmental unit or from the general public
described in section (Complete Part II.)

8 D A community trust described in section (Complete Part II.)

9 An organization that nonnally receives: (1) more than 33/3% of its support from contributions, membership fees, and gross
receipts from activities related to its exempt functionssub)ect to certain exceptions. and (2) no more than 33/3% of its
support from gross investment income and unrelated business taxable income (less section 511 tax) from businesses
acquired by the organization after June 30, 1975. See section 509(a)(2). (Complete Part 

10 D An organization organized and operated exclusively to test for public safety. See section 509(a)(4).

11 |:lAn organization organized and operated exclusively for the benefit of, to perfonn the functions of. or to cany out the
purposes of one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1) or section 509(a)(2). See section
509(a)(3). Check the box that describes the type of supporting organization and complete lines 11e through 11h.

a Type I b Type ll c Type integrated d D Type |llNon-functionally integrated

e By checking this box, I certify that the organization is not controlled directly or indirectly by one or more disqualified persons
other than foundation managers and other than one or more publicly supported organizations described in section 509(a)(1)
or section 509(a)(2).

f If the organization received a written determination from the IRS that it is a Type I, Type II, or Type supporting



9 Since August 17, 2006. has the organization accepted any gift or contribution from any of the
following persons?

 

01

NC)




A person who directly or indirectly controls, either alone or together with persons described in (ii) and

below, the governing body of the supported organization? .

(ii) A family member of a person described in (0 above? . . . .
A 35% controlled entity of a person described in or (ii) above
h Provide the following information about the supported organization(s).

7 I

11g(D

 

6) Name of supported Gr) Type of organization (iv) Is the organization Did you notify (vi) Is the (vii) Amount Of m0n6t3fY
organization (dacnbed on lines 1-9 in col listed in your the organization in organization in col. support
above or secglon governing document? col. 6) of your organized in the
(see instructions 5'-pp't7 U-S(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Total

For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Cat. No 11285F Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-E2) 2012

Form 990 or 990-EZ.


CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0007Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2012

Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Sections 170(b)(1)(A)(iv) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi)

(Complete only if you checked the box on line 5, 7, or 8 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under

Part If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part 

Section A. Public Support

Page 2

Calendar year (or scal year beginning in) 

1

6

2008 2009 2010 201 1 2012 0) Total

Gifts. grants, contributions, and
membership fees received. (Do not
include any unusual grants.") .

Tax revenues levied for the
organization's benefit and either paid
to or expended on its behalf

The value of services or facilities
furnished by a governmental unit to the
organization without charge .

Total. Add lines 1 through 3 .

The portion of total contributions by
each person (other than a
governmental unit or publicly
supported organization) included on
line 1 that exceeds 2% of the amount
shown on line 11, column .

Public support. Subtract line 5 from line 4.

Section B. Total Support

Calendar year (or fiscal year beginning inSection C. Computation of Public Support Percentage

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total

Amounts from line 4

Gross income from interest, dividends,
payments received on securities loans,
rents, royalties and income from similar
sources

Net income from unrelated business
activities, whether or not the business
is regularly carried on

Other income. Do not include gain or
loss from the sale of capital assets
(Explain in Part IV.). . . . . . .

Total support. Add lines 7 through 10

Gross receipts from related activities, etc. (see instructionsFirst ve years. if the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(3)
organization, check this box and stop here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Public support percentage for 2012 (line 6, column divided by line 11, column (0) . . . . 14




Public support percentage from 2011 Schedule A, Part ll, line 14 . . . . 15




33/3% support test2012. If the organization did not check the box on line 13, and line 14 is 33/3% or more, check this
box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization . . . . . . . . . . . 
33r:i% support test2011. If the organization did not check a box on line 13 or 16a, and line 15 is 33/3% or more,
check this box and stop here. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported organization . . . . . . . 

10%-facts-and-circumstances test2012. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, or 16b, and line 14 is
10% or more, and if the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here. Explain in
Part IV how the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly supported
organization . . . . . . . . . . . D

10%-facts-and-circumstances test2011. If the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, or 17a, and line
15 is 10% or more, and if the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances" test, check this box and stop here.
Explain in Part IV how the organization meets the facts-and-circumstances" test. The organization qualifies as a publicly
supported organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P
Private foundation. if the organization did not check a box on line 13, 16a, 16b, 17a, or 17b, check this box and see




Cl
Cl



El

Schedule A (Form 990 or 990EZ) 2012


CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0008Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2012 Page 3
Support Schedule for Organizations Described in Section 509(a)(2)

(Complete only if you checked the box on line 9 of Part I or if the organization failed to qualify under Part II.

If the organization fails to qualify under the tests listed below, please complete Part II.)
Section A. Public Support

Calendar year (or scal year beginning in) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total
1 Gifts, grants, contributions, and membership fees
received. (Do not include any unusual grants.') 30 so 30 327,945 $172,833 $200,333

2 Gross receipts from admissions, merchandise
sold or services performed, or facilities
fumished in any activity that IS related to the

organizations tax-exempt purpose . . . Gross receipts from activities that are not an
unrelated trade or business under section 513 Tax revenues levied for the
organizations benefit and either paid
to or expended on its behalf . . . The value of services or facilities
furnished by a governmental unit to the

organization without charge . . . . Total. Add lines 1 through s21,945 $112,888 szoo,833
7a Amounts included on lines 1, 2, and 3

received from disqualied persons . Amounts included on lines 2 and 3
received from other than disqualied
persons that exceed the greater of $5,000

or 1% of the amount on line 13for the year Add lines Public support (Subtract line 7c from


Section B. Total Suppo
calendar year (or scal year beginning in) 2008 2009 2010 (cl) 2011 2012 (0 Total
9 Amounts from line $27,945 s2oo,a33

10a Gross income from interest, dividends,

payments received on securities loans, rents,

royalties and income from similar sources . Unrelated business taxable income (less

section 511 taxes) from businesses

acquired after June 30, 1975 . . . . so 30

c Add lines 10a and 10b . . . . . so so

11 Net income from unrelated business

activities not included in line 10b, whether

or not the business is regularly carried Other income. Do not include gain or

loss from the sale of capital assets
(Explain in Part IVTotal support. (Add lines 9, 10c, 11,

and 12$27,945 s172,ass s2oo,a33
14 First ve years. If the Form 990 is for the organization's first, second, third, fourth, or fifth tax year as a section 501(c)(organization, check this box and stop here . . . . 
Section C. Computation of Public Support Percentage
15 Public support percentage for 2012 (line 8, column divided by line 13, column . . . . . 15 
16 Public support percentage from 2011 Schedule A, Part line Section D. Computation of Investment Income Percentage
17 Investment income percentage for 2012 (line 10c, column divided by line 13, column . . . 17 
18 Investment income percentage from 2011 Schedule A, Part line 19a 33/3% support tests2012. If the organization did not check the box on line 14, and line 15 is more than 33/3%, and line
17 is not more than 33/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualies as a publicly supported organization . D [j

b 33/3% support tests2011. If the organization did not check a box on line 14 or line 19a, and line 16 is more than 33/3%, and
line 18 is not more than 33/3%, check this box and stop here. The organization qualies as a publicly supported organization D
20 Private foundation. If the organization did not check a box on line 14, 19a, or 19b, check this box and see instructions [3

Schedule A (Fon'n 990 or 2012


CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0009Schedule A (Form 990 or 990-EZ) 2012 Page 4

W Supplemental Information. Complete this part to provide the explanations required by Part II, line 10;
Part II, line 17a or 17b; and Part line 12. Also complete this part for any additional information. (See
instructions).

Schedule A (Fonn 990 or 990-EZ) 2012
CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #001099,,Ez, Supplemental Information to Form 990 or 990-EZ
Complete to provide infonnation for responses to specic questions on
Form 990 or 990-EZ or to provide any additional infonnation.OMB No 1545-0047
Department of the Treasury Open to Pubnc
lntamal Revenue Service Attach to Form 990 0| 990-EZ Inspection
Name of the organization Employer identication number
. George Mason Environmental Law Clinic aka Free Market Environmental Law Clinic 45-1602963

Supplement to Question 16:
S 50 Continuing Legal Education
3 611 count ling costs
$1,820 Court reporter costs
$1,164 Law clinic corporate formation ling costs

Legal Research (Lexis)

S 28 Professional meetings
$2,981 Travel (court appearances and speaking engagements)

S 51 Virginia corporatio_r3_a_rinual ling fees

Supplement to question 20

$35,000 Accounts receivable from American Tradition Institute (EIN 26-4239065)

S_upplment to Question 24

$35,000 Accounts receivable from _American Tradition Institute (EIN 26-4239065)

Supplement to Question 28 - Ongoing litigation

The law clinic serves as the attorneys for the American Tradition Institute. The billable hours in these matters is shared by the FME 

clinic and ATI, the division made on a case by case basis.

1. ATI v. UVA. This is a that will establish what the Virginia la_Ma_ll_q_n_Is universitiest_q keep secret from the public. It also

addresses whether a FOI Act unconstitutionally abridges an alleged free speech right to academic freedom. The court acknowledged
the validity of $201,000 costs and fees to FME Law, but has not yet awarded them: The matter is now before the VA Supreme Court.

2. Occoquan Watershed Coalition v. EPA. This case raised the question as to whether EPA violated the 10th amendment rights of

Virginia and Fairfax county when establishing a water quality criterion that _ng9_t_ili_l_ require the total 
Implementation. The matter was settled due to the outcome of other litigation. No costs or fees were awarded.
3. ATI v. NASA. A FOIA case seeking ethics records for a NASA employee who had over $2 million in outside income. Because NASArefused to release the records, the Ofce of Government Ethics had to Intervene and order tl1egn__ t9 release the records, placing the

the entire federal govemrne_nt on notice that they must properly le these e_th_i_cs reports and 

FME Law received $10,887.50 in costs and fees.
For Paperwork Reduction Act Notice, see the Instructions for Form 990 or 990-EZ. Cat No 51056K Schedule 0 (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2012
CITIZENAUDIT.ORG PAGE #0011Schedule 0 (Form 990 or 990EZ) (2012) Page 2
Name of the organization Employer identication number

George Mason Environmental Law Clinic aka Free Market Environment! Law clinic 454602963

4. ATI v. Epel. This i_s_a:ommerce clause case ch_a_I|e_r_tgi_ng the constitutionality of the 

have sut:h_standards and all are unconstitutional. This case is in the discovery process. Cost and fees are being sought.
5. ATI v. EPA. This case challenged whether EPA could expo_sa_I_olunteer subjects to carcinogens and qegglx poisons without telling
them the risks of these exposures The court held EPA cou|d- No costs 
Supplement to Question 31 - Other programs: FME Law supplies legal advice and counsel to state attorneys general and state policy

institutes at no cost. FME Law has not tracked the number of such inquiries and is 

Schedule 0 (Form 990 or 990-EZ) (2012)
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