eboy

this is overflow content for Milloy and Ebell 7/14<div>
</div><div></div><div>already have?</div><div>
</div><div><a href="http://scholarsandrogues.com/2007/11/28/we-berate-you-deride-a-look-at-steven-j-milloys-current-affiliates-and-backers/">http://scholarsandrogues.com/2007/11/28/we-berate-you-deride-a-look-at-steven-j-milloys-current-affiliates-and-backers/</a></div><div>
</div><div><header class="entry-header" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Cambria, Georgia, serif; line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h1 class="entry-title" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Arial, 'Lucida Sans Unicode', sans-serif; margin: 0px 56px 5px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 36px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: none; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 1px 1px; line-height: 1.2;">We Berate, You Deride – A look at Steven J. Milloy's current affiliates and backers</h1></header><div class="entry-content" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Cambria, Georgia, serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22.5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On Monday we looked at the <a href="http://www.demanddebate.com/ipcc_survey.pdf" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“first ever” survey of IPCC scientists</a> and concluded that not only was it useless as statistics and science, but that it only served as anti-global heating propaganda. Yesterday we looked at the people and organizations around Steven J. Milloy of <a href="http://www.demanddebate.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DemandDebate.com</a> and <a href="http://www.junkscience.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JunkScience.com</a> and we concluded that the work of both Mr. Milloy and his associates are draped under a pall of suspicion and doubt. Today, in the final part of this series, I look at the individuals and organizations who financially support Mr. Milloy’s work and make him such an effective conservative soldier in the culture wars.When I started looking into DemandDebate.com’s financial sponsors, I was unable to determine who they really are. There’s no board of directors, no staff listed, not even a phone number and address. Not even a <a href="http://www.whois.net/whois_new.cgi?d=demanddebate&tld=com" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“WhoIs”</a>query finds DemandDebate.com’s patrons because Mr. Milloy <a href="http://www.dailykos.com/story/2006/2/15/141513/629" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">anonymized his registration</a>. Initially, I didn’t even realize that Mr. Milloy was associated with DemandDebate.com. It’s only when you look at the site’s publications (like the discredited IPCC survey) that you discover that Steven J. Milloy is the executive director of DemandDebate.com. However, in the process of hunting for, and failing to discover, who exactly is funding DemandDebate.com, I did discover an amazing web of patronage that weaves back and forth through Mr. Milloy’s past and present in fascinating ways.Mr. Milloy’s JunkScience.com website is a black hole when it comes to who supports it. Officially it’s sponsored by Mr. Milloy’s Citizens for the Integrity of Science (CFIS), a group that a) doesn’t officially make enough money (<$25,000) to require it to reveal its backers and b) isn’t a non-profit that has to file public IRS Form 990s. This effectively keeps JunkScience.com’s monetary benefactors off the public radar. Since <a href="http://www.junkscience.com/failure_to_disclose.pdf" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">at least one Free Enterprise Education Institute (FEEI) document is actually housed on theJunkScience.com website</a>, it is possible that the FEEI is the source of CFIS’ money, but there’s no way to know with the information available. However, we do know that <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Citizens_for_the_Integrity_of_Science" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Dr. Michael Gough of the Cato Institute is listed as the executive director of the CFIS</a>. Dr. Gough was a Director of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Advancement_of_Sound_Science_Center" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition (TASSC)</a>, the discredited and defunct organization that Mr. Milloy ran out of his house for years and that I discussed in detail yesterday. <a href="http://www.cato.org/people/gough.html" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Dr. Gough</a> is still associated with the Cato Institute as an adjunct scholar and worked with Mr. Milloy while Milloy was himself an adjunct scholar of the Cato Institute.While there’s a strong likelihood that JunkScience.com and DemandDebate.com are funded by some other individual(s) or organization(s), there’s always a chance that Mr. Milloy himself is the direct backer of both websites. Based on his various connections to foundations and securities, he certainly makes enough money to back both sites himself.Mr. Milloy is one of the directors of the Free Enterprise Education Institute, along with Thomas J. Borelli and Deneen Moore Borelli. The FEEI sponsors the website <a href="http://www.csrwatch.com/" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CSRWatch/SRIWatch</a>, a site devoted to opposing the corporate social responsibility movement as being too economically costly, and the <a href="http://www.freeenterpriser.com/FreeEnterpriser.aspx?name=guest" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Free Enterpriser</a> online publication. According to the FEEI’s 2005 IRS Form 990, their total operating expenses over several years equaled approximately $477,000, of which $355,000 was paid to “Steven J. Milloy” of Potomac, Maryland for consulting services. The next highest expense for FEEI was for “website expenses,” presumably for CSRWatch/SRIWatch. In addition, Mr. and Mrs. Borelli are both associated with National Center for Public Policy Research, Mr. Borelli as a senior fellow for the Center in general and <a href="http://www.nationalcenter.org/bios/P21Speakers_Borelli.html" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Mrs. Borelli</a>as a senior fellow for the Center’s <a href="http://www.nationalcenter.org/P21Index.html" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Project 21</a>. Mr. Borelli used to work as Philip Morris’ director of scientific affairs and <a href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/action/document/page?tid=ylg52c00" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Mrs. Borelli used to be his secretary</a> at Philip Morris. In addition, Mr. Borelli was <a href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qaf57d00/pdf" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">involved with TASSC while he worked at Philip Morris</a>. While at Philip Morris, Mr. Borelli received and acted upon letters like <a href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ofw87d00/pdf" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">this one from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI)</a>:<blockquote style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 2em; outline: 0px; padding: 5px 5px 0px 7px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: ''; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);">This dichotomy [between public panic over toxins and chemicals vs. public acceptance of food risks] suggests a strategy for using our general acceptance of foods as a means of deflating fears of chemicals. At the same time, it might be used to deflate public trust of government risk assessment….Bottles of CEI’s “Vino Veritas-Freedom of Speech Wine” were prepared and distributed, carrying on their labels a statement that, despite its validity, is illegal under [Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, BATF] regulations: “There is significant evidence that moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages may reduce the risk of heart disease.”CEI’s position is that BATF policy prevents consumers from receiving truthful, useful information. BATF’s policy is illogical from the standpoint of public health, and illegal from the standpoint of the First Amendment.</blockquote>Mr. Milloy is presently an <a href="http://www.cei.org/dyn/view_Expert.cfm?Expert=71" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">adjunct scholar for the CEI</a>.While all of the FEEI’s financial backers are not available from the IRS Form 990, we know that the FEEI received $71,000 in 2005 – of which between $45,000 and $70,000 came from ExxonMobil, according to<a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id=128#src4" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ExxonSecrets.org research into ExxonMobil’s Form 990</a>. And we know that the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Claude_R._Lambe_Foundation" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Claude R. Lambe Foundation</a> gave <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientgrants.php?recipientID=8117" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$30,000 to FEEI in 2004</a>. The Claude R. Lambe Foundation is one of the three <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/funderprofile.php?funderID=9" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Koch family charitable foundations</a> that also fund the Cato Institute and <a href="http://www.freedomworks.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Freedomworks</a> among others (including, not coincidentally, many of the other organizations we’ll be discussing here). The <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientsoffunder.php?funderID=8" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Claude R. Lambe Foundation</a>also generously funds the Reason Foundation (mentioned both yesterday and below), the Competitive Enterprise Institute, the <a href="http://www.perc.org/about.php?id=719" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Property and Environment Research Center</a> (discussed in more detail below), and the<a href="http://www.nationalcenter.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">National Center for Public Policy Research</a>, where Mr. and Mrs. Borelli are both senior fellows. Another donor to the National Center for Public Policy Research is the <a href="http://www.scaife.com/cartha06.pdf" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Carthage Foundation</a>, part of the Scaife family foundations (some of the grants of the Sarah Scaife Foundation are covered below), and it granted $50,000 in 2006.Mr. Milloy and Mr. Borelli (and Mrs. Borelli too, via her husband) have worked together and in parallel since at least 1993, manipulating science to serve their ideological and political ends. During that time they’ve been funded by Philip Morris, Exxon Mobile, and some of the largest conservative foundations in the United States.But while they may not have worked alongside each other for much of that period, they do now: Mr. Milloy and Mr. Borelli are not only co-directors of the FEEI, but they’re both advisers for their politically conservative mutual fund, <a href="http://www.freeenterpriseactionfund.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">the Free Enterprise Action Fund (FEAFund)</a>.As advisers to the FEAFund, Mr. Milloy and Mr. Borelli split a 1.25% commission. According to <a href="http://www.freeenterpriseactionfund.com/FEAF_Annual.pdf" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">the FEAFund’s annual report for 2006</a>, the commission was just over $75,000. While this is a significant amount of money, it’s in addition to the $355,000 Mr. Milloy earned via FEEI and to the estimated $130,000 earned annually by the law and business consulting firm “Steven J. Milloy Inc.” (data available from <a href="http://www.manta.com/" style="font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Manta.com</a>). When combined, Mr. Milloy’s approximately $500,000 income would be more than sufficient for him to “self-fund” both JunkScience.com, DemandDebate.com, and all his other web projects out of his own personal wealth. Whether he actually does so is an open question.As mentioned above, Mr. Milloy earned a hefty “consulting fee” from CFIS that was largely paid by ExxonMobil. Unfortunately, I haven’t been able to dig deeper into “Steven J. Milloy Inc.” to find out whom Mr. Milloy’s legal and consulting clients are. At least, not yet. But because it’s federal law that the identities of a mutual fund’s principle investors are public information, and because I hadn’t ever seen these investors detailed during my research, I chose totrack down the main sponsors of Mr. Milloy’s FEAFund. Their backing is what enables Mr. Milloy to earn an advisory commission on the FEAFund’s assets, and as such they qualify as indirect backers of Mr. Milloy’s efforts via JunkScience.com and DemandDebate.com.As of April 1, 2007, <a href="http://www.secinfo.com/dsVS7.u3Fe.htm#9jmi" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SEC documents show</a> that there were eight investors who held more than 5% of the Free Enterprise Action Fund, of which seven held 9% or greater. These seven are William Dunn (19%), Arthur Dantchik (10%), Thomas L. Phillips (10%), Robert A. Levy (10%), the Claws Foundation (9%), The Randolph Foundation (9%), and Donors Capitol Fund (9%). These seven investors control a combined total of 76% of the total assets of the fund.The largest shareholder, William Dunn of Stuart, Florida, is the director of Dunn Capitol Management and the founder of <a href="http://dunns-foundation-for-the-advancement-of-right-thinking.idilogic.aidpage.com/dunns-foundation-for-the-advancement-of-right-thinking/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Dunn’s Foundation for the Advancement of Right Thinking</a>. William A. Dunn of Stuart, Florida is also a director of the <a href="http://www.cei.org/pages/bdunn.cfm" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>. In addition, he is a Director and a member of the Board of Trustees for the <a href="http://www.reason.org/faqs.shtml" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Reason Foundation</a> and a Director of the <a href="http://www.perc.org/about.php?id=719" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Property and Environment Research Center</a> (PERC). If you’ll recall from yesterday’s post, Mr. Milloy’s associate Kenneth P. Green (currently of the American Enterprise Institute) used to work for the Reason Foundation and Mr. Milloy himself works with the Competitive Enterprise Institute.Dunn’s Foundation for the Advancement of Right Thinking gave away over <a href="http://dunns-foundation-for-the-advancement-of-right-thinking.idilogic.aidpage.com/dunns-foundation-for-the-advancement-of-right-thinking/index.b124.u138.htm#GranteesList" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$3 million in grants in 2004 alone</a>, with much of that money going to organizations associated in some way with Mr. Milloy or people he knows: $445,000 to the CEI, $370,000 to the Institute for Justice (see Arthur Dantchik below), $370,000 to PERC, $308,000 to the Reason Foundation, $185,000 to the Cato Institute, and $25,000 to the AEI. Some of the other backers for both the CEI, PERC, and Reason Foundation have been the <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientsoffunder.php?funderID=9" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Charles G. Koch</a> and the<a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientsoffunder.php?funderID=10" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">David H. Koch</a> Charitable Foundations. The Charles G. Koch foundation funds the CEI and PERC to the tune of almost $60,000 and $15,000 respectively. The David H. Koch foundation granted $315,000 to the CEI between 1995 and 2001 and over $1.5 million to the Reason Foundation between 1986 and 2001.The next largest shareholder in the FEAFund is Arthur Dantchik of Bela Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. Mr. Dantchik is one of the founders of the Susquehanna Investment Group and is a Director for the <a href="http://www.ij.org/profile/board/index.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Institute for Justice</a>. He works with fellow FEAFund shareholder and Cato Institute director/senior fellow Robert A. Levy (see below) at the aforementioned Institute for Justice. In addition, he is on the board of directors for another FEAFund shareholder, the Claws Foundation. According to Claws Foundation’s 2006 IRS Form 990-PF, one of Mr. Dantchik’s fellow Claws Foundation directors is a co-founder of the Susquehanna Investment Group and director of the <a href="http://www.cato.org/people/directors.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Cato Institute</a>, Jeffrey Yass. The other director of the Claws Foundation is Alan P. Dye, a director of <a href="http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?boardmember=12&page=10" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Freedom House</a> and <a href="http://www.ronpaul2008.com/contact/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">legal counsel to the Ron Paul for President campaign</a>. The Claws Foundation itself is not a political organization – it exists largely to fund medical research.Since 1999, Mr. Dantchik has given over <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/indivs/search.asp?key=karmt&txtName=Dantchik,%20arthur&txtAll=Y&Order=N&Cycles=A&page=2" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$263,000 to conservative causes, including approximately $22,000 to 2004 congressional candidates outside of his own state of Pennsylvania</a>. Mr. Dantchik’s Institute for Justice has received a total of <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientsoffunder.php?funderID=9" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$265,000 in donations from the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation from 1986 through 2005</a>, another $1.35 million from the <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientsoffunder.php?funderID=10" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">David H. Koch Charitable Foundation</a> between 1995 and 2001, and over $1.1 million from the <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientfundergrants.php?funderID=3&recipientID=170" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Sarah Scaife Foundation</a> between 1992 and 2005. The Institute for Justice also received over $2 million from <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientfundergrants.php?funderID=1&recipientID=170" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation</a> between 1992 and 2005, a massive conservative foundation that has also given extensively to the AIE (over $17 million between 1987 and 2005), the National Center for Policy Analysis (nearly $1.5 million), the Reason Foundation (nearly $1 million), the Cato Institute (about $860,000), the CEI (about $770,000), PERC (about $600,000), and the Thomas L. Phillips’ Philips Foundation (about $560,000), all between the mid 1980s and 2005.Thomas L. Phillips, creator of the Thomas L. Phillips Revocable Trust of McLean, Virginia, is another principle investor. Mr. Phillips has donated some money to local <a href="http://www.city-data.com/elec/elec-MCLEAN-VA.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">McLean, VA political races</a> and is the CEO of Phillips International, the parent company to the <a href="http://www.thephillipsfoundation.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Phillips Foundation</a>, <a href="http://www.eaglepub.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Eagle Publishing</a>, and <a href="http://www.healthydirections.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Healthy Directions LLC</a> (formerly Phillips Health). The Phillips Foundation is a non-profit foundation that offers journalism fellowships for journalists “who share the Foundation’s mission to advance constitutional principles, a democratic society and a vibrant free enterprise system,” with special fellowships for writing on the environment from a free-market perspective. Most of the <a href="http://www.thephillipsfoundation.org/index.php?q=node/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Phillips Foundation trustees</a> are associated with Phillips International in some way. Thomas Phillips is obvious, but the president of conservative uber-publisher Regnery Publishing, Alfred S Regnery, is another trustee, as is Eagle Publishing director Thomas A. Fuentes. Eagle Publishing is the parent company for <a href="http://www.regnery.com/index.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Regnery Publishing</a>, the publisher of the “Politically Incorrect Guides” and books like <a href="http://www.regnery.com/books/unfitforcommand.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Unfit for Command</a> and <a href="http://www.regnery.com/books/meninblack.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Men in Black</a>. Eagle Publishing also publishes the Evans-Novak Political Report, conservative “news” source <a href="http://www.humanevents.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Human Events</a> (which counts Ann Coulter as the legal affairs editor and Ms. Coulter, Newt Gingrich, Pat Buchanan, Robert Novak, Sen. James Imhoffe, Rush Limbaugh, Phyllis Schlafly, Michelle Malkin, Bill O’Reilly, and other conservative luminaries as commentators), and runs the <a href="http://www.conservativebookclub.com/DefaultJoin.asp?" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Conservative Book Club</a>. In addition, Mr. Phillips has given significant support to <a href="http://www.nccfpac.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">the National Conservative Campaign Fund (NCCF)</a>, a group whose <a href="http://www.nccfpac.com/officers.cfm" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">directors and advisory board</a> are composed of <a href="http://www.hartwilliams.com/blog/2006/07/unlimited-terms-of-endearment-part-vii.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Phillips and most of the rest of the leaders of the Phillips Foundation</a>. Mr. Phillips’ connections at the NCCF are good enough to have had <a href="http://www.nccfpac.com/events.cfm" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Vice President Dick Cheney to come over for an NCCF reception at the Phillips’ home</a>.Mr. Phillips has donated over $124,000 in support of conservative causes and elections since 1996, and his National Conservative Campaign Fund has given approximately $532,000 to Republican candidates since the 2000 election cycle (Source: <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.asp?strid=C00348359&cycle=2008" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Opensecrets.org</a>). In 2006, the Phillips Foundation raised $68,000 from Phillips International, $10,000 from Foundation trustee Robert Novak, and $5,000 from the Randolph Foundation, another significant investor in the Mr. Milloy’s FEAFund, and it has also received over<a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientsoffunder.php?funderID=9" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">$107,000 from the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation from 2002 to 2005</a>.As I mentioned above, the <a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/funderprofile.php?funderID=21" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Randolph Foundation</a> is another significant investor in Mr. Milloy’s FEAFund. Randolph Foundation trustee James Q. Wilson is also Chairman of the AEI’s <a href="http://www.aei.org/about/filter.,contentID.20038142214500076/default.asp" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Council of Academic Advisers</a>. The Randolph Foundation is a relatively new conservative foundation, so there’s not a lot of information on them available, but the 2005 Form 990 shows that the Foundation is a significant donor to the AEI ($50,000) and the CEI ($18,000) and, as mentioned above, a minor donor to the Phillips Foundation.And while we’re on the topic of the AEI, we should probably point out that another major conservative fund, the <a href="http://www.scaife.com/sarah06.pdf" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Sarah Scaife Foundation</a>, gave the AEI $575,000 in 2006, along with $60,000 for the Cato Institute, $350,000 for the CEI, $125,000 for the <a href="http://www.ncpa.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">National Center for Policy Analysis</a> (where Mr. Milloy’s associate and AEI “briber” Ken Green is an environment expert), and another $125,000 to the Reason Foundation.The second to last of the major investors is Robert A. Levy LLC, a business founded of Silver Spring Maryland. Robert A. Levy, <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/17/AR2007031701055_pf.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">formerly of Silver Spring</a> and presently residing in Florida, is the <a href="http://www.cato.org/people/levy.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Senior Fellow in Constitutional Studies and a member of the Board of Directors at the Cato Institute</a>. Mr. Levy gave<a href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/cdj02d00/pdf" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Congressional testimony regarding the global tobacco settlement</a>, specifically suggesting that the settlement was “a shameful document, extorted by public officials who have perverted the rule of law to tap the deep pockets of a feckless and friendless industry.” Given that Mr. Levy still works for the Cato Institute with Dr. Michael Gough, and Dr. Gough is associated with Mr. Milloy through CFIS, it’s not unreasonable that Mr. Levy would be in a position to become a major shareholder in the FEAFund.The last major investor is <a href="http://www.donorscapitalfund.org/home.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Donors Capital Fund (DCFund)</a>, a large fund associated with <a href="http://www.donorstrust.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Donors Trust</a>, a group that professes to be “the sole donor-advised plan dedicated to promoting a free society and serving donors who serve that purpose.” Several of the directors of DCFund have connections to groups that are related to Mr. Milloy directly or through other avenues. For example, two of the directors are associated with the American Enterprise Institute, namely <a href="http://www.donorscapitalfund.org/home.html?x=6" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AEI’s President, Christopher DeMuth</a>, and <a href="http://www.donorscapitalfund.org/home.html?x=6" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Steven F. Hayward, the F.K Weyerhaeuser Fellow in Law and Economics</a>. DCFund co-founder and Executive Director Whitney L. Ball once served as the Director of Development for the Cato Institute, is presently associated with <a href="http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The Philanthropy Roundtable</a> and, via that association is also connected to <a href="http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/content.asp?pl=406&contentid=434" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Philanthropy Roundtable Vice-Chairman</a> and Randolph Foundation director Heather R. Higgins. Director Walter H. Mellor is the co-founder and President of the Institute for Justice, the same organization that fellow FEAFund principle investor Arthur Dantchik is a director of. The President of Donors Trust, Kimberly O. Dennis, is also the Executive Director of the <a href="http://www.searlefreedomtrust.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Searle Freedom Trust</a>, is Secretary for the Philanthropy Roundtable, and is a Director of PERC alongside fellow FEAFund principle investor William Dunn.In addition to all the personal connections between the various investors and the DCFund, the DCFund has also granted a total of $23,000 to the AEI, $44,000 to the Cato Institute, $36,000 to the Reason Foundation, and $12,000 each to the CEI and Institute for Justice in 2006 alone (from the 2006 Form 990).These connections are what I could find via the various foundations’ websites and public FEC, SEC, and IRS documents. However, over the years there have been many more connections between Mr. Milloy and various corporations, conservative individuals, and conservative foundations. Given Mr. Milloy’s history of working for businesses who want to discredit profit-suppressing scientific data and his connections throughout the entire conservative money machine, it’s probably reasonable to guess that his financial backers for any particular project are the groups or individuals with the most to lose – ExxonMobil and Shell Oil vs. global heating, Philip Morris vs. second-hand tobacco smoke, Monsanto et al vs. Horizon Organic, etc.Mr. Milloy’s connections to the tobacco lawsuits in the 1990s as an official supplier of deceit and “junk science” casts a long shadow over his credibility, but he could have escaped that shadow by now if he had ever chosen to do so. Instead, Mr. Milloy continues to associate with purveyors of scientific propaganda and disinformation such as Kenneth Green of the AEI, Thomas and Deneen Borelli of the National Center for Public Policy Research, Michael Gough of the Cato Institute, and both the Competitive Enterprise Institute and Fox News in toto. In addition, via what little we’ve been able to glean about who funds Mr. Milloy’s various websites and institutes, it’s obvious that he’s continued a pattern of working for corporations (and their direct representatives) who have a vested interest in manipulating and distorting science to their particular ends. As such, even if DemandDebate.com’s survey of the IPCC “scientific consensus” were scientific, Mr. Milloy’s history and associations make him a dubious source for anything resembling real science, his publication of the ironically-titled <a href="http://www.junkscience.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JunkScience.com</a> notwithstanding.It’s important to understand that Mr. Milloy’s connections with the AEI, CEI, Cato Institute, Reason Foundation, and through them to the Randolph Foundation, Philanthropy Roundtable, Donors Capital Fund and Trust, the Phillips Foundation, PERC, et al doesn’t mean that Mr. Milloy is the guiding force behind these connections. He is a single thread, albeit an important one, in an intricate tapestry of denial and misrepresentation of science in the service of conservative ideology. Through the deep pockets of his various corporate and conservative supporters over the years, he’s become a very effective conservative soldier in the war for the minds, and votes, of the people.Mr. Milloy’s connections and access to money fostered over years make him a very effective conservative soldier in the culture wars. And he’s not alone – the very same people who back Mr. Milloy also back Ken Green, Tom and Deneen Borelli, Michael Gough, John Yoo, C. Boyden Gray, to name just a few. Backed by money from corporations and wealthy conservative foundations, Mr. Milloy and his ilk attempt to use propaganda to further their own ideological ends, in this case by fostering a false sense of scientific uncertainty over global heating when in fact there is a <a href="http://www.scholarsandrogues.com/2007/07/23/anti-global-heating-claims-a-reasonably-thorough-debunking/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">great deal of certainty about the science of global heating</a>. And they won’t go away just because President Bush leaves office in January 2009 – they have too much to lose, ideologically and financially, to just roll over and go away when their <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030226-11.html" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">favorite President</a> has finished his second term.Next time you read about something from JunkScience.com, DemandDebate.com, StopLabelingLies.com, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, or watch Steve Milloy on Fox News, remember who the source is.Monday: <a href="http://www.scholarsandrogues.com/2007/11/26/we-berate-you-deride-demanddebatecoms-survey-on-the-scientific-consensus-surrounding-global-heating/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DemandDebate.comâ€™s survey on the scientific consensus surrounding global heating</a>
Yesterday: <a href="http://www.scholarsandrogues.com/2007/11/27/we-berate-you-deride-a-closer-look-at-the-background-of-steven-j-milloy-executive-director-of-demanddebatecom/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">A closer look at the background of Steven J. Milloy, executive director of DemandDebate.com</a><hr style="border: 0px; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221);" />Many of the sources below were created specifically to enable citizens and patriots like all of us to track the influence of money on politics at all levels. They are relatively simple to use and enable anyone who is concerned about the corrupting influence of money on politics to hold their various political representatives’ feet to the proverbial fire. I used each of them repeatedly and regularly in the process of researching this series.<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square;"><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.sunlightfoundation.com/resources" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Sunlight Foundation’s list of Insanely Useful Sites</a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SourceWatch.org</a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The Legacy Tobacco Documents Library</a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.exxonsecrets.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ExxonSecrets.org</a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.guidestar.com/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Guidestar</a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OpenSecrets.org</a></li><li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.mediatransparency.org/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MediaTransparency.org</a></li></ul></div></div><div>
</div><div></div><div><center style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h2><div style="text-align: left;">JUNK SCIENCE AND THE ART OF SPIN-DOCTORING </div><div style="text-align: left;">(Part 3a)</div></h2><h3 style="text-align: left;">by Stewart Fist</h3></center> <h2 style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Junkman and the Web of Deceit; 
How the Spin-Doctors Cross-Fertilise</h2>If you want to see how carefully crafted such a web of deceit can be, check out <a href="http://www.junkscience.com/">JunkScience.com</a>, run by a pseudo-science debunker with the name of Steven Milloy. He promotes this site as having "All the Junk that's fit to Debunk", and a lot of the material in these pages are just what it purports to be -- a good, and sometimes humourous attack on bad science and activist crap.Milloy promotes himself as a private crusader. He regularly leads the attack on activist groups involved in questions of public health, environmental destruction and pollution, and he proudly calls himself "The Junkman".He loaths the EPA, the FDA and the Democrats; in particular Al Gore.Milloy gives you some personal details at the site. Here's what he says:<ul style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Steven J. Milloy is the publisher of the Junk Science Home Page and an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute.Milloy's work on the Junk Science Home Page has garnered numerous awards, including: being named "One of the 50 Best Web Sites of 1998" by Popular Science; and designation as a "Hot Pick" by Science. The site has also been recommended by the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Times of London, Financial Times, Forbes and MSNBC.Milloy holds a B.A. in Natural Sciences from the Johns Hopkins University, a Master of Health Sciences in Biostatistics from the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, a Juris Doctorate from the University of Baltimore, and a Master of Laws from the Georgetown University Law Center.In addition to the Junk Science Home Page, Milloy: appears frequently on radio and television; has testified on risk assessment and Superfund before the U.S. Congress; and has lectured before numerous organizations.Milloy's publications include:<ul><li>Silencing Science, with co-author Michael Gough (Cato Institute, 1998)</li><li>Science Without Sense: The Risky Business of Public Health Research (Cato Institute, 1995)</li><li>Science-Based Risk Assessment: A Piece of the Superfund Puzzle (National Environmental Policy Institute, 1995)</li></ul>A lobbyist with a law degree is a valuable commodity in corporate America because it invokes lawyer/client-privilege if dubious deals ever get into the courts. The Biostatistics tag just tells you that he can do maths.Before Milloy moved into his present role as "JunkMan", he was employed by a number of professional PR and lobbying companies, includingMultinational Business Services which was Phillip Morris's main lobbyist on the environmental tobacco issue in late 1992 (when Milloy worked there). This organisation was run by a Reagan Republican appointee who ran the OSHA for a while, Thorne Auchter. Like many top people from the Reagan administration, Auchter became a major lobbyist in Washington in the 1980s, and went into business on behalf of the tobacco industry, along with his partners Jim Tozzi (in MBE and Federal Focus) and (in HES) Dr George Carlo.Phillip Morris later funded the organisation known as TASSC (The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition) through the public-relations/lobby organisation, APCO Associates, and Milloy took over as its director. [See below]. This organisation was funding by tobacco, chemical, energy and other polluting industries in the USA as a way to attack epidemiologists, toxicologists and environmentalists who claimed to have evidential science showing these companies were doing harm. In Milloy's terms, these claims are all junk-science, and he is the arbiter of such labels.Milloy is currently listed as an "adjunct fellow" at the Cato Institute, which leaves the impression that he is an independent, highly educated, science commentator funded by an independent foundation. This boost's his impied claim to be carrying on a personal crusade to clean up the science shonks --while, in fact, he is a lacky who specialises in a subtle form of lobbying, and runs misinformation campaigns for business.He writes books for the Cato Institute sarcastically attacking the scientific expertise and ethics of any scientist who's results threaten American corporate business interests -- provided they fund him.The Cato Institute is a well-known independent "free-enterprise" think-tank run by members of the Republican Right in Washington DC. [" ....22 years of promoting public policy based on individual liberty, limited government, free markets, and peace."]It also runs what it calls the "Cato University", which offers expensive summer courses to those with a "commitment to liberty and an interest in the world of ideas".The Cato Institute also employs the writer-humourist PJ. O'Rourke, and funds him to travel, speak, and to write his very humourous books attacking anything remotely resembling concern for the environment, consumerism, or political liberalism. That's fair enough, I guess; most humourists take a leftish line and their attack on the Republican Right are far more vicious.Behind the scenes the Cato Institute is, itself, funded by many major corporations and industry associations with vested interests, including the American Farm Bureau Federation, Amoco, ARCO, Chase Manhattan Bank, Coca-Cola, CSX Corp., Exxon, Ford Motor Co., KochIndustries, Monsanto Co., National Ammonia Co., Philip Morris, Proctor and Gamble, and Toyota Motor Sales USA."Cato promotes the private funding of science, free from the politics and waste that accompany government programs, and will continue to work to reduce regulations based on faulty risk assessments, bad science, and value-laden assumptions." They are all worthy aims -- but the devil is in the details.Steve Milloy writes most of his books in association with the Cato Institute's Director of Science and Risk Studies, <a href="http://www.cato.org/people/gough.html">Michael Gough</a>, another PR specialist who has long served industry well (particularly the paper industry). Gough once worked for the Office of Technical Assessment (OTA) on the problems of dioxin in Agent Orange and in paper effluent. He visited Australia briefly in 1990 to act as an independent judge on the value of some dioxin research conducted by Dr George Carlo (but forgot to mention their close association).Gough lists himself as being "against politics-driven government funding of science and in favor of private funding." He's not actually attacking universities and such, he means research of the kind conducted by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration), and medical research not conducted by, and for the benefit of, drug companies. He also wants all defence and welfare research to be out-sourced from profit-making organisations.There's a lot of corporate benefit in this, apart from just the tax savings. In America, any publicly funded research project must be published in full within a month of completion -- while projects funded privately through private research organisations can be held to be confidential.Gough has "testified against the Advanced Technology Program, a Department of Commerce corporate welfare program, and against government funding of 'environmental research,' which is focused on extending the underpinnings regulation, not scientific understanding."Cato credits him thus: "Gough's goals include:<ul><li>exposing questionable or 'junk' science;</li><li>illuminating the opportunity costs of resulting regulations; and</li><li>combating the public's fear of chemicals.</li></ul>This is the position that Milloy and Gough both take. But now let me tell you what Milloy doesn't reveal about himself in his C/V at the junkscience site.<h4>Filling In The Gaps In Milloy's C/V</h4>Until a few years ago Milloy was the director of science policy studies at NEPI, the <a href="http://www.nepi.org/">National Environmental Policy Institute</a> (a part of The Center for Strategic and International Studies).This is supposedly, a public policy research institution "dedicated to analysis and policy impact"), but actually it is just another anti-science organisation funded by both the oil industry and Phillip Morris (a so-called "coalition" of companies with a common interest).It was founded by a well-known "anti-smoking" Republican Representative, Don Ritter, with money channeled from a large oil company, and then later the tobacco industry. It supposedly operates through through the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), while likely gets some of its direction and funding from Philip Morris board member, Harold Brown who lists this organisation on his C/V. Brown probably had a hand in recruiting Milloy also, since they both have a common association with John Hopkins University.The CSIS appears to have two divisions: one a legitimate right-wing think-tank with genuine scholars, housed on the John Hopkins campus at Baltimore, and the other a public-relations/lobby operation in Washington DC.This "public-policy" organisation appears to be dedicated to transforming (or destroying) both the EPA and the FDA, and challenging the Superfund clean-ups of toxic chemical locations. I guess, this is because the EPA had been far too active in promoting the Clean Air Act and opposing ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke), and because the FDA had been too restrictive on tobacco additives, and nicotine itself.The mission statement of the NEPI says it has a "commitment to providing a substantive framework for improving environmental policy and management. It draws upon the collective skill, experience and knowledge of elected officials, industry representatives, government policy makers, academics and members of the environmental and scientific communities."NEPI is dedicated to establishing realistic environmental priorities and helping to focus the national environmental debate," they say. And one of the ways they focus the debate is to have on-staff those members of the Reagan Administration who didn't get jobs with the Cato Institute.They bill themselves as "a non-profit, bipartisan organization of environmental leaders." and, to prove they have environmental credentials, they have on-board Timothy K. Judge, who is the "founder and former president of Bio-Safe Incorporated, a medical waste disposal company, [who] is currently a consultant on environmental management systems and brownfield restoration."Milloy frequently appeared on radio and television programs for the NEPI, and has testified on risk assessment and the Superfund before the American Congress. One report of such testimonial states:<ul>
"Clearly, any meaningful reform of Superfund must address risk assessments and remediation technologies required by the EPA. Costly decisions have been made in the past because Superfund has been viewed as a cleanup program, not a risk reduction program."</ul>The NEPI's publication, Science-Based Risk Assessment: A Key to the Superfund Puzzle, says:<ul>
"Sound science and more accurate risk assessments can significantly reduce the costs of remediation, while reducing real health risks when they are found. Steven J. Milloy of the NEPI suggests that the costs of cleanups would fall by 60 percent if the program focused more directly on risk when identifying the appropriate remedies."</ul>NEPI is also associated with The Air Quality Standards Coalition (AQSC) which represent an industry viewpoint that current clean-air regulations are adequate, and that more stringent regulations would harm business. This is actually an ad hoc coalition created by the National Association of Manufacturers, the American Petroleum Institute, the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, the National Mining Association, and others for the express purpose of fighting the EPA's proposed clean air standards.While Milloy was involved, the AQSC held numerous news "briefings", launched its own Internet web sites, and paid PR companies to place news stories proclaiming that the EPA's data is "junk science." In addition, the Coalition retained the services of political adviser to Vice President Al Gore, Carter Eskew, for a contract that is estimated at over $5 million.C Boyden Gray, an outspoken critic of the EPA's standards and a lobbyist for Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, a firm specialising in environmental and regulatory risk management, is the principle spokesman and organiser of the AQSC. He was once White House legal counsel for President Bush, and he claims to have ghostwritten the weakened Clean Water Act for Senator Bob Dole.His grandfather Bowman Gray, was the principal owner of the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. and his father, Gordon Gray, founded the Bowman Gray (memorial) Medical School in Winston-Salem and was actively involved in the 1940s national eugenical sterilisation movement along with other Clay relatives.C. Boyden Gray is also chairman of Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE -- a national free-market think-tank and public policy organization), which is yet another major players in the anti-clean air debate. This is another group working with the National Association of Manufacturers.The CSE appears also to be directly involved in anti-regulatory strategy planning with AQSC and they get their funding from the American Petroleum Institute, the American Plastics Council, and the Chemical Manufacturers Association. The CSE's budget quadrupled from $4 million in 1991 to $17.6 million in 1995 and the organisation claims that its cash comes equally from industry, foundations and individuals.<h4>Milloy's Own Astroturf</h4>Steve Milloy also runs an organisation called Citizens For The Integrity of Science, which he claims on his junkscience.com web site to be the funder and copyright owner of the site. Its registered address is at his home: 12309 Briarbush Lane, Potomac, MD 20854 -- which is also the location of his software company, Simusoft Inc.Milloy privately promotes Pathogen Modeling Software, said to be<ul>
" ....PC software that simulates the growth of foodborne pathogens." 
"For food processors, it is an inexpensive way to reduce the potential for food poisoning,"</ul>
the sales blurb explains. It apparently saves food companies from having to do laboratory checks, by simulating laboratory tests on the food itself.Milloy is now better known in non-Internet circles as the executive director of TASSC (The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition), which is run by APCO Associates, an international PR and lobbying company which specialises in "grassroots lobbying" for corporate clients.APCO is a very large global PR and "communications strategy" organisation that keeps its head down and prefers not to be noticed. It was founded in 1984 by Arnold & Porter (the 'AP' in the APCO name) who were then the main legal council to Philip Morris, and who's representative, Murray Bring, still sits on the PM board.APCO is now a subsidiary of Grey Advertising. Their biggest client is Philip Morris, but they also service special-interest groups like National Rural Health Association and the Coalition For Fairness In Medicare (anti Medicare).APCO also has "alliances" with organisations like the International Management and Development Institute, they say: "APCO is available to IMDI Members to provide separate public relations, government affairs and related services," they boast.TASSC was founded and funded by APCO, for Philip Morris. Then later when the tobacco industry joined in with the National Association of Manufacturers, it spread its interests wider. It managed to get a few hundred scientists to sign up to motherhood statement that says they support "sound science" and presumably reject junk-science. That's usually the last the legitimate scientist get to hear of the organisation, although their names and membership details are freely available, and used to support corporate lobbying.TASSC has both Associate Members (legitimate scientists) and Advisory Members (mainly from the funding corporations, from public relations and lobby organisations, and a few science-for-sale practitioners).The real aim of the organisation, of course, is to generally discredit epidemiological and toxiocology studies that reveal evidence contrary to the funders interests.APCO Associates keeps a low profile, but it shares a Washington DC office with a number of registered lobbyist organisations and some trade and industry associations, including the Business Roundtable and Business Executives for National Security, Inc. It seems to run these organisations, and has a finger in some more long-term and legitimate organsiations like the Washington Legal Foundation.According to an article published by Professor Stanton Glantz and Elisa Ong in the famous UK medical journal The Lancet (April 8, 2000) entitled "Tobacco industry efforts subverting International Agency for Research on Cancer's second-hand smoke study." TASSC began as nothing more than a very clever, very subtle tobacco industry front.It's aim was to redefine the rules of proof and standards of Epidemiology and Toxicology, to a level that made it impossible for regulators like the EPA, FDA and OSHA to ever regulate in a way that was based on the precautionary principle. Under these rules, tobacco would still be considered an 'unproven' health hazard, and escape regulatory controls on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) etc.Milloy and APCO have subsequenty extended the boundaries of the fake organisations activities beyond that of just supporting the tobacco industry. Papers in the <a href="http://www.pmdocs.com/">Philip Morris on-line archives</a> show that this was a deliberate project of the tobacco interests to utilise multiple attacks from different industry sectors -- all with similar regulatory problems. That's why Milloy is so obviously against any hint of a precautionary approach in regulations.In the Lancet article the authors point out that TASSC was originally created by the Philip Morris tobacco company in order to sow seeds of scientific doubt about health risks associated with environmental tobacco smoke. And, owing to the extreme (and well-deserved) stigma associated with tobacco industry-funded science, they scrupulously disguised TASSC's links to Philip Morris.The idea was that TASSC would spend most of its time and money talking about other so-called "junk science" issues such as Alar, global warming, radon, asbestos etc., Then Milloy could sneak in mentions of tobacco (or rather "anti-tobacco science" = junk-science) whenever he thought he could get away with it. Later he obviously found other clients who also needed the same service.The Lancet article is available online at <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/">http://www.thelancet.com</a> (Free guest registration) and you can also find the internal Philip Morris documents at<a href="http://www.pmdocs.com/">Phillip Morris</a> (and ask for TASSC).In these archives of Phillip Morris (opened to the public following the tobacco settlement) you will find 199 references (some dupicates) to the tobacco industry's funding and control of TASSC. Milloy is now trying desperately to distance himself from TASSC.<hr />  <a href="http://www.electric-words.com/junk/qandaindex.html">SEE THIS SECTION</a> FOR DOCUMENTED PROOF OF TASSC'S LINKS.<hr />On the side, Milloy also ran another right-wing business-funded 'think-tank' called EPAN (Environmental Policy Analysis Network) and he runs a couple of his own companies, Milloy, Inc. and Simusoft, Inc., Most of the work of collecting information for the Junkscience pages comes from APCO which has a world-wide computerised monitoring service called IssueNet. The Junkscience.com site is just the visible tip of this global network iceberg, and Milloy is probably not much more than being the celebrity front-man.His relationship with TASSC was much more important than the EPAN links (which probably only has one member) because TASSC has, and uses, the cover of many good scientists as members, and these are people who probably genuinely want to promote better science. It also has some other shonky scientists and science-entrepreneurial types in its membership lists (who seem to play a more prominant role than the genuine scientists -- so TASSC may be being used as a cover for other activities).See <a href="http://www.electric-words.com/junk/milloy/neufeld.html">this letter</a> posted at the Junk Science page itself. Note the list of directors (mostly scientists who lobby for corporations), and note the fact that Milloy was savaging an anti-tobacco paper.Mark Dowie of The Nation has also charged the New York Times with sloppy acceptance of material promoted by TASSC. In his <a href="http://www.electric-words.com/junk/milloy/dowie.html">July 1998 article</a>Dowie says:<blockquote>"Ames is an active adviser to The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition (TASSC), a corporate-supported "watchdog coalition that advocates the use of sound sciences in public policy." TASSC has about 900 members, 375 of whom are scientists. The rest are executives from the chemical, oil, dairy, timber, paper, mining, manufacturing and agribusiness industries seeking ways to defend their products in media and the courts. TASSC's Web site offers examples of "junk science," alongside a host of entries defending bovine growth hormone, genetically engineered foodstuffs, dioxin, electromagnetic fields and endocrine disrupting chemicals. On the site can also be found almost every article Gina Kolata has written defending a chemical or technology. In 1995 TASSC awarded Kolata its "Sound Science in Journalism Award." Neither she nor the Times lists it among her awards and citations."</blockquote>TASSC's funders include 3M, Amoco, Chevron, Dow Chemical, Exxon, General Motors, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lorillard Tobacco, Louisiana Chemical Association, National Pest Control Association, Occidental Petroleum, Philip Morris Companies, Procter & Gamble, Santa Fe Pacific Gold, and W.R. Grace, the pesticide manufacturers.TASSC gets is public relations strength both from its list of 500 scientists who are deemed to be 'Associates' or if they are part of the elite band of lobbyists, 'Advisors'. It also gets some benefits from associations it has constructed with legitimate environmental organisations. For instance, Milloy's TASSC belongs to ECO, the Environmental Conservation Organization known around the world for its "wise use" umbrella network.But one close look a TASSC's record will show a different picture. TASSC officials have regularly criticised highly-recognised and perfectly legitimate studies ranging from the quality of drinking water to the safety of baby food. TASSC claims that these adverse health reports are based on dubious science and are employing scare tactics to drum up financial support -- but they don't reveal where their own funding support comes from. In fact, it comes from Phillip Morris and other major US organisations with pollution and health problems.Like all good public relations, the strength of the message being sold depends to a very large degree on the credibility of the organisation. Credibility is best promoted by merging genuine and fake claims, with the legitimate information blended carefully with the skillfully-crafted backlash material. When credibility has been established though a list of reputable scientists acting as advisors, it steadily becomes easier to make a claim of "junk-science" stick.This is Milloy's particular skill. He is the best in the PR profession at blending legitimate criticism of bad science (and there's plenty around) with illegitimate criticism of science that is against his clients financial interests.TASSC's scientists/members lend their names to the organisation on the basis that it's mission is purely one of advancing good scientific practice. They do so in the belief that TASSC is closely associated with government and environmental groups. Of course, that's not the whole story, but most of the scientists don't know that. Nor do the media, who are equally gullible.TASSC gets a special mention in Ken Silverstein's book <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN%3D1567511376/captainnemosfredA/102-9947990-6169731">Washington On $10 Million A Day</a>, subtitled "How Lobbyists Plunder the Nation" (1998), as do the Competitive Enterprises Institute (below), and that other "Astroturf grassroot" lobby group run by C. Boyden Gray, "Citizens for a Sound Economy".<h4>Reaching The Bottom Of The Pits</h4>The 'Washington Representatives' (1996, Columbia Books, Washington DC) listing of registered lobbyists, reveals Milloy was actually employed at that time by the EOP Group. This organisation is another Reagan Republican offshoot, which works with GCC and APCO Associates, and has many major US polluters as clients. (American Petroleum Institute, the Business Roundtable, the Chlorine Chemistry Council, Edison Electric Institute, National Mining Association and the Nuclear Energy Institute, to name just a few).One of Milloy's claims to fame in Washington lobbying circles is that of creating the Information Council for the Environment (ICE), a front organisation for the coal industry (National Coal Association, the Western Fuels Association, and Edison Electrical Institute). ICE was later run by Bracy Williams & Co., a Washington, DC-based PR firm, but back in 1996 it launched a half-million dollar advertising blitz to assuage public fears about global warming.<ul>
<li>[Note this claim is now suspect. Milloy was definitely associated with these activities, but he may not have actually created ICE.]</li></ul>Both ICE and the campaign collapsed after leaks of strategic-planning memos revealed that they had been paying-off scientists to support their cause.ICE appears to be directly associated with the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) a conservative Washington think tank that focuses on "free-market environmentalism". The CEI has taken a front position belittling what it calls "hypothetical risks to human health" from environmental pollution.<ul>At a recent Congress hearing their representative stated that global climate change politics were fallaciously built on the assumption that humans are changing climate, and that this change will necessarily result in catastrophic events.He then refuted all such criteria (and there are some scientist who would agree with this position) however he then emphasized the importance of wealth in addressing extreme events, such as hurricanes and floods. His comparison, as presente to the Congressional hearing, was between the loss of life in Florida and that in Bangladesh after similar storms. The implication was that it is better to pollute -- then to combat the problems you create later, by being wealthy enough to fix the damage.The position of the CEI is that the first world should not attempt to control energy use and therefore make developing countries poorer, but rather, allow them to develop their economic base for technological advancement and resilience to battle such hurricans and floods.</ul>The claim has a certain glimmer of rationality, until you find out who funds the propaganda; it is a creature of the energy and mining industries, and one of the major funders is the Mississippi Valley Coal Trade & Transport Council.The CEI are also 'collaborating' with Australia's Western Mining Corporation, The Australian Government (major coal exporters), Ford Motors, American Petroleum Institute and the US National Mining Association on the Kyoto issue.Consumer AlertThe CEI is also linked to a "free market" outfit called Consumer Alert, which is actually an industry-funded front-group (astroturf organisation) supported by the Chlorine Chemistry Council. This is itself an arm of the Chemical Manufacturers Association (the descendent of the Manufacturing Chemists Association which led the attack on Rachael Carson in 1962).A secretary at Chlorine Council inadvertently revealed to a reporter that the group has a $13.5 million annual budget including more than $2 million a year for "communications". Consumer Alert has been vocal in its dismissal of the recent book 'Our Stolen Future' following the pattern which was established when the chemical industry went after Rachael Carson's 'Silent Spring'.After ICE collapsed, it was replaced by the Global Climate Coalition (GCC) as the 'grassroots' organisation supporting the oil, coal, power and electricity distribution industry on environmental issues, and Milloy was working with the GCC during Kyoto. PR Watch reported "TASSC attempted to stimulate anti-treaty email to President Clinton by promising to enter writers' names in a $1,000 sweepstakes drawing."On the eve of the Conference in December 1997, Milloy, on behalf of TASSC, Phillip Morris, and other corporate funders, announced that more than 500 physicians and scientists had signed an open letter to world leaders opposing any climate change treaty. When asked to provide the signers' names and credentials, Milloy told the authors that he had not had time to "compile" the hard-copy list. (See: <http www.sierraclub.org="" sierra="" jfclo2.html="">Sierra release)</http>Milloy's employment by the EOP Group Inc. dates back to before 1995, and it includes a record of lobbying on behalf of the Fort Howard Corporation, the International Food Additives Council, Monsanto Co. and Edison Electrics.<table border="1" cellpadding="8"><tbody><tr><td>Milloy denies he is a lobbyist:<a href="mailto:stevef@vista.hevanet.com">Steve Fordyce</a> wrote to Milloy and asked him if he was a lobbyist in Jan 1998. This was the reply:"Thanks for the note. I do not lobby for ANYONE. Before I became executive director of TASSC, I did some technical consulting for a D.C. firm which had the policy of registering all its employees and consultants as lobbyists (whether or not they lobbied) pursuant to a new law passed in 1995. I am aware of the listing and have asked it to be corrected since I no longer work for that firm.I challenge anyone to produce any evidence that I have ever lobbied any government official for anything."Steve</td></tr></tbody></table><a href="http://207.197.132.133/lobbyists/97profiles/15971.htm">SEE THE PROOF</a>And if you believe anyone can be accidentally registered as a lobbyist, then you'll believe anything. 
The EOP Group publications: "PMA Value to Taxpayers and Customers," (Washington: Edison Electric Institute April 1995) is probably one of his works, as is "Measuring Up to the Year 2000 Aim of the Framework Convention on Climate Change".More recently, the EOP Group's boss Mike O'Bannon has been implicated in a bribery and corruption scandal involving Clinton's Secretary for Agriculture, Mike Espy (of the USDA). Among the 30-odd charges was one related to Espy's acceptance from the EOP Group of $US2,200 worth of tickets to the 1994 Super Bowl, and a job for Espy's girlfriend Patricia Dempsey.The Washington Post (Nov 98) reported the arrangement in this way:<ul>
"Another friend of Espy's, lobbyist Michael O'Bannon, likewise denied doing anything improper by giving him a ticket to the 1994 Super Bowl game. At the time, O'Bannon was working on behalf of Oglethorpe Power, which wanted to repay a $3 billion USDA loan earlier than scheduled but also wanted to avoid paying $300 million in penalties. Although Espy and others at USDA sided with Oglethorpe, the Treasury Department rejected the arrangement.O'Bannon also helped Patricia Dempsey. In early 1994, he hired her to work as a training and events coordinator for his company, EOP Group Inc., a job that paid $35,000 a year. O'Bannon testified that Dempsey's performance was "sporadic at best," and said his partners and clients complained about her. She resigned from the firm in March 1995, after Espy had left USDA. O'Bannon testified that he hired Dempsey because the firm needed help and not in any way to curry favor with Espy. "I don't do favors in hiring," he said."</ul>END.<hr />The sources of this material are extensive, but much of it came directly or indirectly from PR Watch and from John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton (See also their book "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1567510604/qid=923808012/sr=1-1/002-3927088-3356815">Toxic Sludge Is Good For You</a>)". Check also <a href="http://www.prwatch.org/Q3-96/TOC.html">PR Watch</a>.I've also spent a lot of time at the Philip Morris site looking at the released tobacco documents, and checking out what all these bastards have been up to over the years.There is also a bit from Dave Shenk's <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0062515519/n/qid=923808359/sr=2-1/002-3927088-3356815">Data Smog</a>, which is highly recommended.You should also buy and read <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN%3D1567511376/captainnemosfredA/102-9947990-6169731">Washington On $10 Million A Day</a>, subtitled "How Lobbyists Plunder the Nation" (1998, Ken Silverstein, Common Courage Press).<hr />Back to <a href="http://www.electric-words.com/junk/junkindex.html">Junk Index</a> or <a href="http://www.electric-words.com/">Main Index</a><hr /><center>Stewart Fist</center></ul></div><div>
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